By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 8 Social Science Chapter 5 Constitution of India: Rights and Duties Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.
Class 8 Social Science Chapter 5 Constitution of India: Rights and Duties Notes Questions and Answers
Class 8 Social Science Constitution of India: Rights and Duties Notes Questions and Answers
Class 8 Social Science Chapter 5 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus
Question 1.
What were the factors that influenced the inclusion of Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India? Complete the list.
Answer:
- Denial of rights experienced during colonial rule
- Existing conditions in the world
- Experiences from freedom struggles
- Ideas from the Indian Renaissance Movement
Question 2.
Have you noticed any violations of the right to equality enshrined in the Constitution of India? Write down what they are.
Answer:
- Caste discrimination
- Gender inequality
Question 3.
Which right does the below picture indicate?
Answer:
Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression, which is part of the Right to Freedom under the Indian Constitution.
Question 4.
Organise a panel discussion on ‘Freedom Guaranteed by the Constitution in personal life’.
Answer:
(Hints)
- Topic: Freedom in Personal Life
- Freedom of Speech – We can express our views.
- Freedom of Religion – We can follow any religion.
- Freedom of Movement – We can live or travel anywhere in India.
- Right to Education – All children can get free education.
Question 5.
Organise a discussion and prepare a note on the topic ‘Religious Freedom Strengthens Indian Secularism.’
Answer:
(Hints: Prepare a note by including the following points)
- India is a secular country, meaning it treats all religions equally.
- Religious freedom allows people to follow, practice, and spread any religion.
- It helps different communities live together peacefully.
- No religion is given special treatment by the government.
- This freedom builds respect, unity, and equality among people.
Question 6.
One of the exploitations against children is given in the picture. What other exploits have you noticed? Note down.
Answer:
- Lack of nutritious food
- Child Labour
- Deny of education
Question 7.
What are the minority groups in our state? Enquire and write.
Answer:
- Linguistic minorities
- Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Zoroastrians
- Religious Minorities (Parsis)
- Cultural Minorities
Question 8.
Why is it said that the right to constitutional remedies is the most important of the fundamental rights?
Answer:
- It gives safety and security for the individual.
- It protects all other rights.
Question 9.
Organise a discussion and prepare a report on the topic ‘Role of fundamental rights in the dignified life of man.’
Answer:
(Hints)
Topic: Role of Fundamental Rights in the Dignified Life of Man
- Fundamental rights help every person live with freedom, respect, and safety.
- They give us the right to speak freely, study, practice religion, and be treated equally.
- These rights protect us from injustice and unfair treatment.
- They help people grow, express themselves, and live without fear.
- Rights like education, equality, and protection from exploitation are very important for a good life.
Question 10.
What aspects of social life do the directive principle of state policy touch upon? List them.
Answer:
- Socio-economic justice
- Equal pay for equal work
- People’s welfare
- Right to education
Question 11.
Some of the Fundamental Duties mentioned in the Indian Constitution are given below. Find out from the last part of the textbook what other duties Indian citizens have to perform according to the Constitution and discuss and make a note.
• Obey the Constitution and respect its ideals, institutions, national flag and national anthem.
• Nurture and pursue the noble ideals that inspired our national struggle for freedom
Answer:
• Protect the country and do national service when called.
• Preserving the environment.
Class 8 Constitution of India: Rights and Duties Questions and Answers Extended Activities
Question 1.
Organise an interview with experts in law on The Role of Courts in Protecting Fundamental Rights.’
Answer:
(Hints: conduct an interview based on the following questions and elaborate on the interview.)
- What are fundamental rights?
- Who protects these rights?
- What can people do if their rights are denied?
- Why is the court important?
- Can children also have rights?
- What is your message to students?
Question 2.
‘To enjoy fundamental rights in its full sense, fundamental duties need to be properly performed. Organise a panel discussion on this topic.
Answer:
(Hints)
Panel Discussion: To Enjoy Fundamental Rights, We Must Do Our Duties
Host: Welcome, everyone! Today, we are discussing why fulfilling our fundamental duties is essential to enjoy our fundamental rights.
Student 1: We all have rights, such as freedom of speech and the right to education. But we must also follow rules and respect others.
Student 2: Yes! If we don’t fulfil our duties, such as keeping the country clean and obeying laws, our rights won’t work well.
Student 3: Imagine if no one followed traffic rules. Then even the right to safety won’t help us!
Student 4: True! Duties like protecting nature, helping others, and loving our country make society better. Host: Great points! So, we learned that rights and duties go together. If we all do our part, everyone can enjoy their rights happily.
Question 3.
Collect newspaper articles on fundamental rights, directive principles and fundamental duties and prepare a digital album.
Answer:
(Hints)
Constitution of India: Rights and Duties Class 8 Notes Pdf
Std 8 Social Science Constitution of India: Rights and Duties Notes
- In the preamble of Indian Constitution, it is declared that justice, liberty, equality and fraternity shall be protected for all citizens.
- The Constituent Assembly came into existence on December 6, 1946.
- There are certain fundamental rights that are internationally recognised as human rights and that are essential to the dignity, liberty and survival of citizens in a democratic system.
- Fundamental rights are such rights recognised, protected and enforced by states.
- The fundamental rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution of India.
- The Directive Principle of state policy is found in Articles 36 to 51, Part IV of the Constitution.
- DPSP covers economic, social, educational, and international matters.
- DPSP is divided into 3 parts: Liberal ideas, Socialist ideas Gandhian Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. Our Constitution enshrines certain duties that citizens have to fulfill.
- The Sardar Swaran Singh Committee was appointed by the Central Government in 1976 to submit recommendations on the fundamental duties of citizens.
- A new Part (IVA) containing the Fundamental Duties was included in the Constitution as part of the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976. Accordingly, the Fundamental Duties became part of the Constitution as Article 51A.
- When citizens enjoy their fundamental rights, they should also be aware of their fundamental duties.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter, “Constitution of India: Rights and duties” begins with the importance of the Constitution of India, which is the highest law of our country. It gives us certain rights that help us live freely, safely, and with respect. These are called Fundamental Rights, and every citizen has them. The Constitution also gives Directive Principles of State Policy, which are ideas to guide the government in making good laws for the welfare of all people. Along with rights, we also have Fundamental Duties. These are the things we must do as responsible citizens, like obeying the law, helping our country, and protecting the environment. While rights give us freedom, duties help keep the country strong and united. So, our Constitution teaches us to enjoy our rights and also do our duties.
RIGHTS
- In the preamble of Indian Constitution, it is declared that justice, liberty, equality and fraternity shall be protected for all citizens.
- These are enshrined in the Constitution as fundamental rights and guiding principles of state policy.
- Along with that, the basic duties of the citizens towards the nation and society are also mentioned in the Constitution.
What are the rights mentioned in the conversation?
Answer:
- Freedom of Expression
- Rights to be protected from exploitation.
Apart from these what are the other rights you want?
Answer:
- Freedom of Education
- Freedom of equality
- Rights are accepted claims recognised by society.
- They are enforced by the state through laws.
- In a democracy, it is the government’s duty to protect rights.
- Rights are listed in the Constitution of democratic countries.
- The list limits the government’s power to interfere with individual rights.
- It also provides a way to seek justice if rights are violated.
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
The Constituent Assembly came into existence on December 6, 1946. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was
the Chairman of the House and India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was the Chairman of the three main sub-committees. The assembly had three hundred and eighty-nine members at the time of its formation and was reconstituted with two hundred ninety-nine members after the independence in 1947.
HUMAN RIGHTS
- Every human has the right to live with dignity and equality.
- No discrimination based on caste, religion, race, colour, region, language, or gender.
- Human rights protect the dignity and individuality of all people worldwide.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
- There are certain fundamental rights that are internationally recognised as human rights and that are essential to the dignity, liberty and survival of citizens in a democratic system.
- Fundamental rights are such rights recognised, protected and enforced by states.
- In the constitutions of various countries in the world, some important rights have been included as fundamental rights based on specific conditions of each country.
- Some important events in human history led to the concept of fundamental rights.
Magna Carta
The Magna Carta is the earliest written document of rights in Britain. The term ‘Magna Carta’ means ‘big document.’ It is an official document declaring that the king and his government are not above the law, In 1215, the people forced King John, the then ruler of England, to sign this document. It later became the basis for the British Parliament’s powers and legal principles. England’s Petition of Rights and Bill of Rights were shaped by the influence of Magna Carta.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN INDIAN CONSTITUTION
- There are several factors that influenced the framers of the Constitution to include Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India.
- The main factor is the denial of rights that the Indian people had to suffer during the British rule.
- The values upheld by the freedom struggle and the ideas of the Indian Renaissance Movement are other factors that influenced the fundamental rights in the Constitution.
- The fundamental rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution of India.
RIGHT TO EQUALITY
RIGHT TO FREEDOM
The rights and freedom mentioned in Article 19 are as follow:
• Apart from these, rights such as right to education, right to life and individual freedom are enshrined in Articles 20 to 22. These are subject to reasonable restrictions in the context of national integrity, sovereignty and security.
RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT – 2009
Education was declared a fundamental right under Article 21A by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act in 2002. In 2009, Parliament passed the Right to Education Act. The Act came into effect in April 2010. This Act ensures free, compulsory and quality education for all children between the age group of six and fourteen.
WRITS
- Habeas Corpus: A court order that requires the custodian of an unlawfully detained person to bring the person before the court.
- Mandamus: An order issued when a court finds that an officer’s failure to perform his statutory duty has prejudiced the rights of another person.
- Prohibition: An order of the Supreme Court or High Court prohibiting lower courts from hearing a case outside their jurisdiction.
- Quo Warranto: An order issued by a court restraining an officer from holding a position for which he is not entitled.
- Certiorari: An order to transfer a case pending in a lower court to a higher court.
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (DPSP)
- DPSP: Aim to ensure socio-economic justice and create a welfare state.
- Found in Articles 36 to 51, Part IV of the Constitution.
- Not enforceable by courts, but guides the government in making laws and policies.
- Covers economic, social, educational, and international matters.
- Divided into three types:
- Liberal ideas
- Socialist ideas
- Gandhian ideas
| LIBERAL IDEAS | SOCIALIST IDEAS | GANDHIAN IDEAS |
| Promote international peace and security. | Wage for livelihood for workers. | Organise Gram Panchayats. |
| Uniform Civil Code for citizens. | Equal pay for equal work for men and women. | Fostering cottage industries. |
| Equal justice and free legal aid. | Participation of workers in the management of industries. | Agriculture and animal husbandry. |
| Provision of care and education for children under six years of age. | Right to employment. | Prohibition of consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health. |
| Environment, livestock and wildlife conservation. | Ensure regular and humane working conditions and maternity benefits. | Uplift of Scheduled 2 Castes and Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections. |
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES:
DIFFERENCE
| FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS | DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES |
| It can be reinstated through the courts. | Cannot go to court for enforcement. |
| Mainly ensures individual freedom. | Aims at the welfare of all sections of society. |
| Legally enforceable by law. | Not legally enforceable. |
| Found in Part III of the Constitution. | Found in Part IV of the Constitution. |
| Helps in achieving political democracy. | Helps in achieving social and economic democracy. |
| Amendment is difficult. | Amendment is easier through legislation. |
| Limits government powers. | Guides government in making policies. |
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
- Sardhar Vallabhbhai patel (first deputy prime minister and home minister of India) suggested that Indian citizen should have regular responsibility along with rights.
- Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. Our Constitution enshrines certain duties that citizens have to fulfill.
- The Sardar Swaran Singh Committee was appointed by the Central Government in 1976 to submit recommendations on the fundamental duties of citizens.
- Taking into consideration the recommendations of the Committee, a new Part (IVA) containing the Fundamental Duties was included in the Constitution as part of the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976. Accordingly, the Fundamental Duties became part of the Constitution as Article 51A.
- When citizens enjoy their fundamental rights, they should also be aware of their fundamental duties.
| “Every Indian must remember that he is an Indian and he has every; right in his country but with certain duties ” – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel |
