From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4

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By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 6th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf English Medium and Class 6 Social Science Chapter 4 From the Globe to the Map Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 4 From the Globe to the Map Notes Questions and Answers

Class 6 Social Science From the Globe to the Map Notes Questions and Answers

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 4 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
Observe the globe and complete the table.
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 1
Answer:
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 2

Question 2.
Observe the figure below and identify the inclination of the earth’s axis.
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 3
Answer:
The inclination of the Earth’s axis is 231/2° from the perpendicular to the orbital plane. This is also known as the axial tilt or obliquity of the ecliptic.

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4

Question 3.
Observe the figure below and complete the table of important lines of latitude
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 4
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 5
Answer:

Important lines of latitude Measure in degrees
Equator 0°
Tropic of Cancer 231/2° North
Tropic of Capricorn 231/2° South
Artie Circle 661/2° North
Antarctic Circle 661/2° South

Question 4.
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 6
Observe the above figures. Haven’t you noticed how the important lines of longitude are specifically marked? Examine the globe and identify these lines. What are their peculiarities?
Answer:
We can see two important lines of longitude in the pictures:
Prime Meridian (0° Longitude) – shown on the left globe (Fig 4.6).

  • It passes through Greenwich in England.
  • It divides the Earth into the Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere.
  • It is called the starting point of longitude.

International Date Line (180° Longitude) – shown on the right globe (Fig 4.7).

  • It is opposite the Prime Meridian, at 180°.
  • It is a zig-zag line over the Pacific Ocean.
  • When you cross it, the date changes by one day.

Peculiarities:

  • Prime Meridian is straight and at 0°.
  • International Date Line is at 180° and not straight because it avoids land areas.

Question 5.
Observe the given figure.
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 7
Identify Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. With the help of a globe, identify the position of the following countries in their respective hemispheres and write them against each country.
Answer:

  • India: Eastern Hemisphere
  • United States of America: Western Hemisphere
  • Brazil: Western Hemisphere
  • Indonesia: Eastern Hemisphere

Question 6.
Observe the picture. Identify the location of India with reference to the latitudinal and longitudinal lines and list them.
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 8
Answer:

Location of India
Latitude From 8° North To 38° North
Longitude From 68° East To 98° East

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4

Question 7.
Complete the concept map that includes the characteristics of Map Projections.
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 9
Answer:
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 10

Question 8.
List the various day-to-day instances in which we use GIS.
Answer:

  • Finding routes on Google Maps.
  • Tracking delivery of online orders.
  • Locating nearby hospitals, ATMs, or restaurants.
  • Monitoring weather forecasts and cyclones.
  • Managing city traffic through navigation apps.

From the Globe to the Map Questions and Answers Extended Activities

Question 1.
Complete the table by finding the latitudinal and longitudinal locations of the following countries, just like India’s latitudinal and longitudinal location was identified, using the globe, atlas and world map.
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 11
Answer:

Country Latitude Longitude
1. Japan From: 30°43’N
To: 45°33’N		 From: 122°56’E
To: 145°49’E
2. Sri Lanka From: 5°55’N
To: 9°51’N		 From: 79°41’E
To: 81°53’E
3. Australia From: 10°41’S
To: 43°39’S		 From: 113°09’E
To: 153°39’E

Question 2.
Mark the hemispheres to which these countries belong with the help of a globe, atlas and world map. Brazil, Norway, Canada, Indonesia, South Africa, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Angola
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 12
Answer:

Countries belonging to the northern hemisphere Countries belonging to the Southern hemisphere Countries that spread across both hemisphere
Norway South Africa Brazil
Canada Argentina indonesia
Saudi Arabia Angola Kenya

Question 3.
Complete the worksheet given below.
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 13
Answer:

The largest circle of latitude Equator
The hemisphere that is situated to the north of the equator. Northern Elemisphere
The hemisphere that is situated south of the equator. Southern Hemisphere
Imaginary lines that are drawn connecting the North and South poles with the Earth’s centre as a reference. Lines of Longitude
0° longitudinal line Prime Meridian
180° longitudinal line International Date Line

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Pdf

Std 6 Social Science From the Globe to the Map Notes

  • Our earth which is rich with atmosphere, water and favourable climate is the only celestial body in the universe which is found to sustain life.
  • The images of the earth captured from the space show us a clear picture of the shape of the earth.
  • The earth has a unique shape which is slightly flattened at the poles and slightly bulged in the middle. This shape of the earth is known as Geoid.
  • The 90° latitude in the north is called the North Pole, and the 90° latitude in the south is called the South Pole.
  • The imaginary lines drawn on the surface of the Earth connecting the North Pole and the South Pole with reference to Earth’s centre are called the Lines of Longitude.
  • The 0° line of longitude is called the Prime Meridian. Since this line passes through Greenwich near London, this line is also called Greenwich Meridian.
  • The longitudinal line drawn opposite to 0° longitudinal line is the 180° longitudinal line. Based on this the International Date Line has been drawn.
  • The International Date Line is not a straight line.
  • Based on the Prime Meridian, the Earth can be divided into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. The longitudinal lines to the east of the Prime Meridian are called Eastern longitudes, and those to the West are called the Western longitudes.
  • A map is a depiction of the features of earth’s surface on a flat surface.
  • Based on the shape of the developable surface, map projections can be categorised into three:
    • Cylindrical projection
    • Zenithal Projection
    • Conical Projection

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, “From the globe to the Map,” we try to identify the exact location, direction and altitude from sea level of all natural and man-made geographical features. Geographical analysis and map reading are essential. Different maps that illustrate various water resources, forests, agricultural lands, arid regions, villages, towns, and transport and communication facilities are being used widely in modem times. The changes that happen when the geographical features of the earth represented on a globe are transferred to a flat surface are now familiar, isn’t it. Proper map reading is essential when we use maps in our daily lives.

LINES OF LATITUDE – PARALLELS OF LATITUDES

  • Our earth which is rich with atmosphere, water and favourable climate is the only celestial • body in the universe which is found to sustain life.
  • The images of the earth captured from the space show us a clear picture of the shape of the earth.
  • The earth has a unique shape which is slightly flattened at the poles and slightly bulged in the middle. This shape of the earth is known as Geoid.
  • The globe is the true model of the earth. It is used to understand geographical features on the surface of the earth and to determine the location.

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 14 From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 15
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 16 From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 17

  • The latitudinal circles gradually decrease in size and end at 90° points in the north and 90° points in the south.
  • The 90° latitude in the north is called the North Pole, and the 90° latitude in the south is called the South Pole.

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 18 From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 19
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 20
If a straight line is imagined through the centre of the earth connecting the poles, that is the Earth’s axis. The Earth rotates on this imaginary axis. The axis is inclined at an angle of 231/2° from the perpendicular to the orbital plane.
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 21

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4

LINES OF LONGITUDES (MERIDIANS OF LONGITUDE)

  • The imaginary lines drawn on the surface of the Earth connecting the North Pole and the South Pole with reference to Earth’s centre are called the Lines of Longitude.
  • Imagine that longitudinal lines are drawn at 1° interval connecting both poles. Then we can draw 360 longitudinal lines.

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 22

  • The 0° line of longitude is called the Prime Meridian.
  • Since this line passes through Greenwich near London, this line is also called Greenwich Meridian.
  • The longitudinal line drawn opposite to 0° longitudinal line is the 180° longitudinal line. Based on this the International Date Line has been drawn.
  • The International Date Line is not a straight line.
  • The exact location of a place, a region or an object on the earth is determined based on the latitudinal and longitudinal lines.
Based on the Prime Meridian, the Earth can be divided into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. The longitudinal lines to the east of the Prime Meridian are called Eastern longitudes, and those to the West are called the Western longitudes.

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 7

MAP PROJECTIONS

  • It is the network of the lines of latitude and longitude that helped us to determine the location of
    India on earth.
  • This network of latitudes and longitudes provides the framework for map making (Cartography).
  • A map is a depiction of the features of earth’s surface on a flat surface.
  • Though the surface of the earth is curved, the map has to be made on a flat surface. Drawing the features of spherical surface on a flat surface is a major challenge in Cartography.
Map projection is the method by which the network of the lines of latitude and longitude (Graticule) is scientifically transferred to any flat surface. The traditional method of map projections is drawing the lines of latitude and longitude, and other geographical features on a flat surface by placing a light source inside a transparent globe.

The map of any region on earth can be constructed by copying the network of the latitudinal and longitudinal lines. This is made possible by using surfaces of various shapes. By changing the position of the surface and the source of light, different types of map projections can be prepared. Based on the shape of the developable surface, map projections can be categorised into three:

  • Cylindrical projection
  • Zenithal Projection
  • Conical Projection

CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION

  • A source of light is placed inside a transparent globe.
  • A cylinder-shaped surface is placed covering the globe.
  • The network of lines of latitude and longitude is transferred to the cylindrical surface covering the globe. This is called a Cylindrical Projection.
  • This map projection can be used for the exact mapping of equatorial regions.

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 23

ZENITHAL PROJECTION
From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 24

  • A source of light is kept at the centre of a transparent globe and a flat surface is kept on the top. The network of the lines of latitude and longitude is projected onto the flat surface when the source of light is lit.
  • In this way, the network of the lines of latitude and longitude is prepared using. Zenithal Projection.

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4

CONICAL PROJECTION

  • The method of projection by which the network of latitudinal and longitudinal lines are transferred to a conical surface is called the Conical Projection.
  • The shadow of latitudinal and longitudinal lines is projected to a conical surface to make the map.
  • This map projection is used more to make the maps of mid-latitude regions.

From the Globe to the Map Class 6 Notes Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4 25

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

  • It is the method of collecting, analysing and storing geographic information and presenting it in the form of maps, graphs and tables whenever needed. Maps are also used as one of the primary sources of information in the GIS.
  • With the help of computers, maps are converted to digital forms by fixing the latitudinal and longitudinal positions.
  • Data is collected from this digital map as the base map and is used for different purposes. This technology can be used in various fields such as cartography, resource conservation, disaster management, tourism, transportation and communication.

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