Clothing through the Ages Class 5 Notes Questions and Answers Social Chapter 4

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Class 5 Social Science Chapter 4 Clothing through the Ages Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 4 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
Observe these pictures.

a) How these living beings survive situations like extreme heat, unbearable cold, etc.?
b) Have you ever thought about the way in which humans faced such situations?
Answer:
a) Fur of goat, feathers of parrot and tortoise’s shell provide protection like a clothing in unfavourable weather conditions.
b)

• The clothing needed for humans had to be shaped with the materials available in nature.
• Woolen jackets and dresses are used to protect from extreme cold.
• Cotton clothes and light coloured clothes are used in summers.
• New born babies are dressed up to maintain their body temperature.

Question 2.
What types of clothing do people use today?
Answer:
People use different types of clothes made of materials like cotton, jute, wool, silk etc., depending upon their culture, climatic condition, occupation and immunity.

Question 3.
How does clothing become useful to us? Complete the list by adding more details.
• Protection from cold
• Protection from heat
• Maintains body temperature
• Protection from insects
Answer:

• Protection from cold
• Protection from heat.
• Maintains body temperature
• Protection from insects
• Protection from germs
• Protection from dust particles and pollutants
• Protection from harmful UV rays from Sun
• Protects our skin from cuts and rashes
• Helps in identifying a specific occupation

Question 4.
Observe the pictures.
What materials did early humans use as clothing?

Answer:

• Bark of trees
• Skin of animals
• Leaves

Question 5.
The making of clothes by early humans was not like that of today. What could be the reason?
Answer:
It is due to lack of different varieties of materials and technology in cloth manufacturing.

Question 6.
Discuss the changes in the textile industry brought about by the introduction of machines.
Answer:

• Increase in production of clothes
• Reduction in human labour
• Diversity in clothing
• Quality clothing
• Spread of clothing
• Less demand for traditional handloom-based clothing
• Less opportunities for traditional handloom cloth manufacturers
• Exploitation of raw materials

Question 7.
Complete the table by finding the organisms and plants from which natural produced.

Answer:

Wool	Sheep
Silk	Silk worm
Cotton	Cotton plant
Jute	Jute plant

Question 8.
Collect scrap pieces of clothes by visiting a tailoring shop in your locality. Differentiate the clothes made from natural fibres and synthetic fibres and paste them on the chart and display them in your class.
Answer:
Steps

• Get Scrap Pieces: Go to a nearby tailor shop and ask for extra pieces of fabric. Most of the time, tailors have a lot of extra pieces from different fabrics.
• Name the Types of Fabric: Sort the pieces of cloth you have collected into two groups: those made of natural fibres and those made of synthetic fibres.
• Natural Fibres: These come from animals or plants. Cotton, wool, silk, and linen are some examples.
  • Touch it: Fabrics made from natural fibres usually feel softer and more comfortable.
  • Look for labels or ask the tailor what kind of fabric it is.
• Synthetic Fibres: These are man made. As an example, polyester, nylon, and other synthetic fibres may feel smoother, shinier, or more stretchy.
• Get the Chart Ready:
  Separate the chart into two parts: one for natural fibres and one for man-made fibres.
  You can make the two parts stand out by drawing a line down the middle or using some other way.
• Put the pieces of fabric together:
  Put each piece of cloth on the right spot on the chart using glue or double-sided tape.
  Leave some room around each piece to write on it.
• Label the Fabrics: Write the name of each type of fabric next to the piece that goes with it. You can also give each type some information, like how it’s usually used, what qualities it has, or where it came from.
• Give it a title and a explanation: Give your chart a name, like “Natural Fibres and Synthetic Fibres.”

Question 9.
Observe the given pictures. Find out the situations in which each type of the clothing is used. Write the corresponding number of the picture in the table given.

Answer:

Climate	Immunity	Authority/Status	Employment
1 6	4	2 3 5	2 3 5

Note: Pictures 2, 3 and 5 represent both authority/status and employment.

Question 10.
Prepare an album by collecting pictures indicating dressing in various situations.
Answer:
(Hints)
To create an album that highlights dressing in various situations, selecting photos that exhibit different styles acceptable for different occasions is necessary. Here’s a possible list of what could be on such an album:
1) Casual Wear: A person wearing comfortable jeans and a T-shirt can be included.

2) Business/ Formal wear: A person wearing a formal suit can be included.

3) Athletic Wear : A person wearing a swimming suit, tennis outfit, etc. can be included.

4) Seasonal Wear: A person wearing cotton clothes, a raincoat, a winter jacket, etc., can be included.

Question 11.
Observe the costumes in the given pictures. Identify the art forms to which they are associated and list them.

Answer:

• Kathakali
• Theyyam
• Mohiniyattam
• Kerala Nadanam
• Oppana
• Chavittunatakam

Question 12.
Discuss the diversity of costumes in various art forms.
Answer:
• Kathakali: Kathakali costumes are colourful and it includes fancy headdresses and bright make¬up. It takes hours to put on the makeup, which is just as complicated and uses natural colours to make unique patterns on the face. The faces of the characters show who they are: heroes have green faces, villains have red faces, and demons have black faces.

• Mohiniyattam: Mohiniyattam dancers wear a simple and beautiful outfit made of off-white or white cloth with gold brocade borders. The outfit usually has a blouse and a sari that is wrapped in a unique way. They also wear traditional jewellery and a flower-covered bun.

• Oppana: Oppana is a traditional Muslim dance style. Women wear clothes like the “Pattu Pavada” (silk skirt) and top, which are often brightly coloured and have lots of gold coloured embroidery on them. Along with traditional jewellery, the dancers w’ear a scarf or shawl.

Question 13.
Discuss and make note about the violation of rights that existed in clothing.
Answer:
• Clothing Limits for Women: Throughout history,many countries had strict rules about what women can wear.In ancient times,certain lower caste women were restricted to wear some types of clothes or jewellery. In the same way,women in some religious countries are forced by law to wear certain clothes,which limits their choice of what to wear.

• Certain laws have been used by many societies throughout history to control what people could wear based on their social rank. In many regions of India, particularly in the southern states, caste-based restrictions were severe. Lower-caste communities, were historically prohibited from wearing certain types of clothing that were reserved for upper-caste people. This made class differences stronger and made it harder for people to move up in society.

Question 14.
How did Charka and khadi clothing become weapon of agitation against the British? Make a poster and display in class.
Answer:
(Hints)
Title: “Charka and Khadi: Spinning Freedom”

• Give the title big and bold at the top.
  • Give the following images:
    a) Charka Picture: A simple, clear drawing of a charkha, which is a spinning wheel.
    b) Khadi Cloth Picture: A picture of plain khadi cloth that was made by hand.
    c) It includes a picture of Mahatma Gandhi spinning khadi on a charkha.
    d) Image of British Cloth.
• Write short notes on charka, khadi, Gandhi’s role, etc.
• Include quotes or slogans.
• Make the poster colourful.

Question 15.
Do you like to wear the same types of clothes all the time? What are your preferences in dressing?
Answer:
Note: This answer can vary based on personal preferences.
No, I don’t like wearing the same type of clothes every day. I enjoy dressing differently for various occasions. I prefer to wear casual attire like jeans or shorts and a T-shirt while going for an outing. I prefer to dress nicely or wear traditional attire, on important occasions like birthdays or festivals. When I go outside or play sports, I prefer wearing track pants or shorts and a jersey.

Question 16.
Organise a discussion on how advertisements, movies, social media etc. influence the choice of clothing.
Answer:
Here are some points that can be used for the discussion.
a) Advertisements:

• Advertisements directly promote certain brands and clothing items and encourage people to buy them.
• Advertisements often influence people’s feelings by saying that buying a certain item of clothing will make them happier, more successful, or more popular.
• Advertisements are now displayed to each person based on their browsing history.
  Examples: Running limited-time deals, showing off the newest fashions, seeing ads for summer clothes after looking for places to go on vacation, etc.

b) Movies:

• Fashion trends are often set by movies by making certain styles popular through their characters.
• People may try to dress like their favourite figures because they see them as models.

c) Social media:

• By showing off different styles and names, fashion bloggers and social media influences help to introduce trends.
• Sites like Instagram and YouTube let people show off their own style, which naturally spreads these trends.
• People can get instant feedback on the clothes they wear on social media, which makes them more likely to follow popular trends.
  Example: rise of certain hashtags, such as #OOTD (Outfit of the Day).

Question 17.
How can we convert used and unwanted clothing into useful materials?
Answer:
a) To make home decor items like artificial flowers, curtains, pillow covers, etc.
b) To make accessories like hair bands, earrings, etc.
c) For art and craft works
d) For donation

Question 18.
Observe the given headlines.

a) Do you use all the clothes you buy?
b) Have you tried making handicrafts from used clothes?
Answer:
a) No. Sometimes I buy clothes because they look cool or because my parents think I need them, but I don’t end up wearing all of them. Some clothes don’t fit after a while, and others just don’t feel right after wearing them a few times.
b) Yes

• Old T-shirts and jeans can be reused to make bright pillow covers with the help of parents.
• Ornaments can be made out of old fabric hits.
• A tote bag can be made out of an old pair of jeans with the help of parents.
• Old cloth strips and elastic bands can be used to make some cute hair scrunchies.

Question 19.
Today, tons of clothes are thrown away all around the world. This adversely affects the environment. The volume of unused and discarded clothes is increasing in our country. How can such clothing be reused?
Answer:
a) We can give things we don’t need as charity.
b) Recycle: Some centres take old clothes and turn them into new fabric or other things.
c) Craft Projects: You can make fun crafts out of old clothes, like stuffed animals, blankets, or tote bags.
d) With a little imagination, we can upcycle old clothes into new fashion items. For example, we could take a long dress and turn it into a skin and top set.

Question 20.
Observe the pictures.

Can we also make such craft products?
Answer:
Yes, it is very simple and interesting to make such beautiful products.

Question 21.
Don’t we feel more proud and confident when we wear our favourite cloth?
Answer:
Yes, wearing our favourite cloth can make us feel more proud and confident. It is a way to express ourselves, feel comfortable, and have positive attitude.

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Visit any handloom centre in your area and gather information about its method of cloth manufacturing.
Answer:
(Hints)
Visit a nearby handloom centre. The general information about a handloom centre is given below

Yarn Preparation:

• Natural fibres like cotton, silk, or wool are spun into yam.
• Yams are dyed in different colours.

Setting Up the Loom:

• Warp threads (lengthwise threads) are set up on the loom.
• Weft threads (horizontal threads) are interlaced w ith the warp threads.

Weaving Process:

• The weaver manually operates the loom to create patterns and designs.
• Different techniques are used to achieve desired textures and patterns.

Finishing:

• The woven cloth is washed to remove any chemicals.
• It is then dried, pressed, and folded.

Quality Check:

• Each piece of cloth is inspected for defects.
• Final adjustments are made to ensure quality.
  Handloom centres keep traditional methods active and often display off patterns that are culturally unique to their area.

Question 2.
Prepare an album based on the topic ‘Diversity of Clothing in Indian States’ by collecting pictures of diverse style of clothing in various states.
Answer:
(Hints)
Materials Needed:

• A4 or A3 size album or scrapbook
• Printed pictures clothing in various states
• Glue or double-sided tape
• Marker pens or fine-tip pens for labeling
• Decorative materials like stickers, tape, etc. (optional)

Steps

• Do some research: get pictures of native clothes from different Indian states.
• Choose states : Pick states like Rajasthan, Kerala, Assam, Gujarat, Punjab, etc. that are known for their unique dressing style.
• Some of the clothes that are worn are sarees, salwar kameez, lehengas, dhotis, kurta-pyjamas, and traditional jewellery and turbans.
• Images: Look for real pictures on cultural websites, in books about Indian customs, or in your own personal collections.
• Arrangement: Put pictures in order by state or type of clothing to show how different and culturally significant they are.
• Below given are few images of different dressing styles which you can add to your album.
  

Question 3.
We live in an age in which a wide variety’ of clothing is readily available. But, the availability of clothes was limited in earlier times. Ask the elders in your family about the changes in clothing and style and make a note.
Answer:
• Getting materials and clothes
Back then, cotton, silk, and wool were commonly used to make clothes. A lot of them were made by hand and in the same region.
Now: Clothes are easy to find in stores or online and come in a lot of different materials, including fake ones.

• Trends and styles
At that time, most people wore native clothes like sarees and dhotis. Styles slowly changed. Now: New trends come out all the time, and fashion changes fast. People like both western and native styles.

• How to Take Care of Clothes
Clothes were washed by hand and dried in the open air. Care was taken to keep special clothes in good shape.
These days, people use dryers and washers. You can get delicate things dry cleaned.

• Festive or unique clothes
When it was that time, clothes for celebrations were made of good materials and had complicated patterns.
Now: For special events, there are a mix of classic and current styles.

• Changes in general
More clothes to choose from and easy access now.
Change from making clothes by hand to artificially made clothes.
Trends in fashion around the world affect what people wear today.

Question 4.
Collect pictures of different art forms and make an album titled ‘Costume Diversity in Art’.
Answer:
Materials needed

• A4 or A3 size album or scrapbook.
• Printed pictures of different art forms showcasing costume diversity.
• Glue or double-sided tape.
• Marker pens or fine-tip pens for labelling.
• Decorative materials like stickers, tape, etc. (optional).

Steps
• Select Art forms and gather Images:
Collect pictures from magazines, books, or print images from the internet. Make sure to choose high-quality images that clearly show the costumes.

• Categorize the Images:
Group the images based on themes such as cultural costumes, historical costumes, theatrical costumes, etc. Alternatively, you can categorize them by the art form or by region.

• Prepare the Album:
Decide on a layout for each page. You can dedicate one page to each category or mix them up to create a diverse presentation. Leave some space around each image for captions and descriptions.

• Attach the Images:
Use glue or double-sided tape to securely attach each picture to the album pages.

• Label the Images:
Write captions for each image, providing information such as:
The name of the art form.
The culture or period it represents.
Any relevant details about the costume (materials, significance, etc.).

Question 5.
Collect old clothes from your home and do craft work with them. Present them in the Social Science Club.
Answer:
• Gather Old Clothes
Collect old clothes from home that you don’t use anymore.

• Choose Simple Crafts:
Tote Bag: Turn an old t-shirt into a bag.
Fabric Flowers: Make flowers from fabric scraps.
Cushion Covers: Use fabric to make new pillow covers.

• Tools and Materials:
Scissors, needle and thread, fabric glue, buttons, and any decorations.

• Crafting Steps:
Tote Bag:
1. Cut off the sleeves of a t-shirt.
2. Sew the bottom closed.
3. Add fabric handles if needed.

• Fabric Flowers:
1. Cut fabric into petal shapes.
2. Layer and glue or sew them together.
3. Add a button in the centre.

• Cushion Covers:
1. Measure and cut fabric to fit your pillow.
2. Sew the edges together, leaving an opening for the pillow.
3. Add buttons or zippers for closure.

Question 6.
Set up a Clothing Collection Centre in the school to collect old and clean clothes and deliver them to old age homes, orphanages and relief camps near your school with the help of the teacher.
Answer:

Talk to Your Teacher:

• Discuss the idea with your teacher and get their support.
• Decide together where to collect clothes and who will help.

Get Permission:

• Ask your principal if you can start a clothes collection for people in need.

Make a Plan:

• Choose a spot in school where students can bring clean, old clothes.
• Decide how long you will collect clothes (like two weeks).

Spread the Word:

• Make posters with dates and where to bring clothes.
• Tell everyone in your class and school about the collection.

Collect Clothes:

• Ask classmates and teachers to donate clothes they don’t wear anymore.
• Put the clothes in boxes or bags in your collection spot.

Sort the Clothes:

• Check that the clothes are clean and not tom.
• Put them into different bags for kids, adults, and others.

Deliver the Clothes:

• With your teacher, take the clothes to old age homes, orphanages, or relief camps nearby.
• Give the clothes to people who need them and make them happy.

Thank Everyone:

• Thank everyone who gave clothes and helped you.

Learn from It:

• Talk about what you learned and how you can help more next time.

Class 5 Social Science Clothing through the Ages Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Cotton and jute had an important role in cloth manufacturing. Why?
Answer:
Cotton are Jute are the important raw materials in cloth manufacturing.
Cotton is used to make clothing all over the world. Cotton obtained from the cotton plant is converted to yams and used to make clothing. Cotton has been cultivated in India since ancient times. Jute is produced from the jute plant. It is a natural fibre.
Most of the world’s jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India. All these indicates the role of cotton and jute in cloth manufacturing.

Question 2.
What are the advantages of using synthetic fibres over natural fibres ?
Answer:
Synthetic fibres are generally less expensive to produce clothes than natural fibres. It also has the advantage of not wrinkling quickly.
The use of synthetic fibres such as polyester and nylon helped to make clothing more durable and cost-effective.

Question 3.
Name one traditional attire commonly worn in South India.
Answer:
Saree

Question 4.
Why is diversity in clothing important?
Answer:
Diversity in clothing shows respect for different cultures and allows people to express their identity.

Question 5.
New trends in clothing reflect changing _______.
Answer:
fashion preferences and styles.

Question 6.
Give an example of a job in the clothing sector in India.
Answer:
Tailors who stitch clothes, fashion stylists who create outfits for celebrities, or textile workers in factories.

Question 7.
(a) Classify the below given materials as natural and synthetic fibres.
Cotton, polyester, jute, Nylon, rayon, silk
(b) Differentiate between natural and synthetic fibres.
Answer:
(a)

Natural fibre	Synthetic fibre
Cotton	Polyester
Jute	Nylon
Silk	Rayon

(b) Natural fibres
Produced from animals and plants.
Synthetic fibres
Produced from chemicals such as petroleum.
Synthetic fibres are generally less expensive to produce clothes than natural fibres. It also has the advantage of not wrinkling quickly.

Question 8.
Observe the pictures given below.
(a) Which civilisation is represented by the statues given below.

(b) Write a note about clothing in Indus Valley.
Answer:
(a) Indus valley civilisation
(b) The Indus Valley was an ancient river valley civilisation that existed in the north western part of India. From the available evidences it is assumed that the people of Indus valley made clothing from cotton and wool. The dressed statues excavated from there reflect the clothing style of the people. It is believed that cotton was traded from here to other regions.

Question 9.
Observe the pictures.

(a) Humans used the materials they got from their surroundings as clothing when they lived by hunting. What materials did early humans use as clothing?
(b) What tools did they use for making clothes?
Answer:
(a) Bark of trees
Animal skin
Leaves

b) Horn and bone of animals were used as needles and tools to make clothes. During the period when polished stones were used as weapons, stone needles helped to sew clothes.

Question 10.
In the early days, fibres collected from the surroundings were used for making clothes.
(a) How are yarns made using fibres?
(b) What do you mean by weaving?
(c) What led to the spread of woven clothes?
Answer:
(a) Fibres were combined and spun to make long yams.
(b) Weaving is the technique of making cloth with these yams.
(c) People realised that clothes woven from yams were better than animal skin. This led to the spread of woven clothes.

Question 11.
Observe the figure.

(a) Production of which fibre is represented by the figure?
(b) What type of fibre ¡s it? How are these fibres obtained ? Give two examples for it.
(c) Where is most of the world’s jute cultivation?
Answer:
(a) Jute
(b) Natural fibre. They are produced from animals and plants.
Examples: Cotton, Silk
(c) Most of the world’s jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India.

Question 12.
Match the following

Silk	Edmund Cartwright
Wool	Cotton plant
Cotton	Silkworm
Spinning jenny	Sheep
Powerloom	James Hargreaves

Answer:

Silk	Silkworm
Wool	Sheep
Cotton	Cotton plant
Spinning jenny	James Hargreaves
Powerloom	Edmund Cartwright

Question 13.
(a) What do you mean by handloom clothes?
(b) Write the name of any two handloom centres in Kerala.
(c) Mechanisation in cloth manufacturing had a positive impact on textile sector but it affected the handloom sector. Justify the statement.
Answer:
(a) Handloom clothes are clothes woven on handloom using yams.
(b) Balaramapuram in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kuthampulli in Thrissur district
(c) Increase in production of clothes, reduction in human labour, diversity in clothing, quality clothing are some of the positive impacts of mechanisation in cloth manufacturing. But it reduced the demand for handloom clothes which in turn made their lives miserable.

Question 14.
Identify the machines given below and write a note on them.

Answer:
(i) Spinning jenny
(ii) Powerloom
The spinning jenny
The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreaves. The handmade yam production was not enough to meet the demand of the textile industry at that time. The invention of the Spinning Jenny accelerated the production of yam.

Powerloom
Powerloom was invented by Edmund Cartwright. The power loom is operated either with the help of electricity or some other energy source. A powerloom can produce more cloth much faster than a handloom.

Question 15.
What are the changes brought by Europeans in the textile sector of India?
Answer:
The Europeans travelled to different parts of the world in search of markets, to sell the clothes produced as a result of mechanisation. As part of it, they reached India also. They took the raw materials needed for the textile industry from India to Europe. Clothes they produced there with the help of machines were sold in India. They colonised India and took the raw materials from here to their lands.

Question 16.
The changes in the society also had a significant impact on the cloth manufacturing. Write a note on this impact caused in cloth manufacturing.
Answer:
The changes in the society also had a significant impact on the cloth manufacturing. The increase in demand for clothing led to the development of more advanced weaving machines. Production increased with the help of machines. Clothes with better quality and variety reached more people. Artificial dyes began to be used to colour clothes.

Question 17.
State True or False.
a) In some workplaces, w omen have faced discrimination for wearing traditional attire.
b) Discrimination based on clothing does not violate fundamental rights in India.
c) Mahatma Gandhi promoted Khadi as a way to stop buying British goods and help Indians become more independent.
d) Trends in clothing never change over time.
e) Traditional clothing in India is influenced by regional cultures. uaralGoao sxm Answer:
a) True
b) False
c) True
d) False
e) True

Question 18.
a) Changes in clothing style show how fashion evolves with _______
b) How has clothing style changed over time in India?
c) Classify the following in the table below.
Shorts, Sweaters, Raincoats, Cotton Kurtas, Jackets
Answer:
a) Time and culture.
b) Earlier, people wore mainly traditional clothes, but now they also wear modern clothes influenced by global fashion.
c)

Winter	Summer	Monsoon
Sweaters	Shorts	Raincoats
Jackets	Cotton Kurtas

Question 19.
a) Identify the movement related to the given picture.

b) Differentiate between ‘The Swadeshi Movements and ‘The Khadi movement’.
Answer:
a) The Khadi Movement

b) The Swadeshi Movement was started on 7th August 1905 as a part of India’s freedom struggle. Its aim was to boycott the British-made goods and to promote the production and use of Indian- made goods.
The Khadi movement was started in India in 1918 under the leadership of Gandhiji. Khadi has a distinctive place in the history of India’s freedom struggle. As the Khadi Movement gained momentum the sound of’Charka’ rose from Indian Villages. Then, the khadi clothing spread all over India.

Question 20.
a) Provide an example of discrimination in clothing in Indian society.
b) Explain ‘Upper Cloth Agitation’.
Answer:
a) In earlier times, people from lower castes are prohibited from wearing certain types of clothing.
b) During the early 19th century, a certain section of the women in Southern Travancore made a protest for the right to cover the upper part of their body. At that time only women who were said to belong to the upper caste had the right to wear the upper clothes as they wished. Women of the so called lower castes did not have the right to cover the upper part of their body in front of the upper castes. This protest is known in history as Upper Cloth Agitation.

Question 21.
Justify the statements.
a) “India exhibits a rich diversity of clothing styles influenced by regional cultures.”
b) “Traditional dance costumes in India are designed to reflect the cultural heritage of each region.”
Answer:
a) India is a big country with many different regions, each of which has its own distinct culture and traditions. This rich diversity makes India a very colorful and interesting country when it comes to clothing. This is why people in different parts of India wear different types of clothes.

b) In South India, traditional dance costumes like Bharatanatyam costumes are known for their bright colours, elaborate temple jewellery, and unique ways of covering the body. These parts not only make the dance look better, but they also represent the rich culture of Tamil Nadu and other southern states. Similarly, Kathakali costumes from Kerala include fancy headdresses, bright makeup for the faces, and costumes that represent characters from Hindu mythology. These costumes show off Kerala’s cultural heritage.

Question 22.
a) What is fashion designing?
b) Why is it important for a fashion designer to understand trends?
Answer:
a) Fashion design is the art and process of making new clothes and other items. It includes drawing out patterns, picking out fabrics, and choosing colours and patterns.
b) Fashion designers can make designs that people will like if they know what is the current trend. By following fashion trends, designers can guess what styles will be popular and make sure their collections are both stylish and sellable.

Question 23.
a) “Changing beauty concepts and cultural diversities influence the style of contemporary clothing”. Justify the statement.
b) Name some craft items that we can make using clothes.
Answer:
a) Changing beauty concepts and cultural diversities influence the style of contemporary clothing because what people consider beautiful and stylish often changes over time and varies in different cultures. If we observe the historical timeline of clothing, we can see that in the early days, protection of body was given importance. Following that, the geography and climate influenced manufacturing of clothes and style of clothing. So, what we wear today might look very different from what people wore in the past or what people in other parts of the world wear.

b) Hair accessories, tote bags, cushion covers, stuffed animals, home decors, etc.

Question 24.
a) Complete the picture.

b) Name a natural dye.
Answer:
a)
b) Indigo

Question 25.
a) Clothing, which is one of the basic human needs, should be available to all sections of the society”. Justify this statement.
b) How can clothing help people express their culture?
Answer:
a) Clothing is a basic need that protects, comforts, and shows respect for others. Making sure that everyone can get the clothes they need is an important part of protecting basic human rights and promoting social equality. Not having the right clothes on can make one sick, make one look bad in public, and make it harder to fully join in society. By letting everyone wear clothes, we help make our community more open, fair, and healthy, so everyone can live with respect and honour.

b) Clothing can help people express their culture by allowing them to wear traditional outfits that represent their heritage, customs and celebrations.

Question 26.
Observe the image.

a) Who issued this proclamation?
b) What is the importance of this proclamation?
c) When and where did the ‘Upper Cloth Agitation’ happen?
Answer:
a) This proclamation was issued by Uthram Tirunal Marthandavarma, the then king of Travancore.
b) This proclamation granted the right to women of the so-called lower castes of southern Kerala to wear the upper clothes. It reveals that the caste system existed at that time prevented certain sections of the people from wearing clothes as they wish.
c) The ‘Upper Cloth Agitation” happened in the early 19th century in Southern Travancore.

Std 5 Social Science Clothing through the Ages Notes

For thousands of years, clothes have been an important part of life. People have been making clothes for a very long time. They make clothes not only to stay warm and safe but also to show off their culture and talent. People’s clothes changed a lot over time. People used simple things like animal skins and leaves to make clothes a long time ago. Later, they learned how to use plants like flax and cotton to make clothes. People wore brighter and more decorated clothes as their societies grew. Once we reached the modern age, fashion began to change quickly. New styles carne and went quickly. There are now a huge number of clothes available for all occasions, made from a huge number of materials and in an infinite number of styles. This chapter ‘clothing through the ages helps us to understand how people lived, what they cared about, and how they expressed themselves.

Towards Weaving

• Fibres were combined and spun to make long yarns. ¡t is the technique of making cloth with these yarns.
• Handloom, Spinning jenny, Powerloom were the different methods used for weaving.
• The Indus Valley was an ancient river valley civilisation that existed in the north western part of India.
• The people of Indus valley made clothing from cotton and wool. The dressed statues excavated from there reflect the clothing style of the people.
• Cotton is used to make clothing all over the world. Cotton obtained from the cotton plant is converted to yarns and used to make clothin.
• Jute is produced from the jute plant. It is a natural fibre. Most of the world’s jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India.
• Both natural and synthetic fibres are used to manufacture clothes.
• Natural fibres are produced from animals and plants.
  Example: Cotton, Jute
• Synthetic libres are produced from chemicals such as petroleum.
  Example: Polyester, Nylon

Diversity in clothing

• The weather. traditions power roles, jobs. and differences ¡n regions all affect what people wear.
• Most of us choose clothes that are comfortable to wear and that are good for the weather.
• A lot of different kinds of clothes are used in the arts.
• ‘Upper cloth started during the early 19th century in Southern Travancore. Women from certain sections made a protest for the right to cover the upper part of their body. Women of the so-called lower castes did not have the right to cover the upper part of their body in from of the upper castes.
• Cloth has been used in the past as a weapon against various forms of exploitation.
• In India’s Freedom Movement, as a part of the struggle. Gandhiji made khadi and charka and boycotted foreign goods by making and wearing indigenous clothes.
• Gandhiji encouraged khadi clothes made by spinning in the charka and exhorted people wear khadi clothes.
• In this way, Gandhiji turned the freedom struggle into a mass movement by making clothes as a weapon of struggle.
• The Swadeshi Movement was started on 7th August 1905 as a part of India’s freedom struggle.
• Its aim was to boycott the British-made goods and to promote the production and use of Indian made goods.
• The Khadi Movement was started in India in 1918 under the leadership of Gandhiji.
• As the Khadi Movement gained momentum the sound of ‘Charka’ rose from Indian Villages. Then, the khadi clothing spread all over India.

New trends in clothing

• Every day, not only the ways that clothes are made but also how they look, how they are worn, and how they are designed, changes.
• Today’s clothes are largely based on personal tastes, hobbies, and ease of use.
• Movies, commercials, social media, and other things have a big effect on what people wear.
• Changing beauty standards and cultural diversity affect modern fashion.
• Today fashion designing has grown into a field of study with immense employment potential.
• A lot of employment opportunities are opening up today in the fields like fashion designing and embroidery.
• Designing, weaving, sewing. embroidery, dyeing, etc. are some employment sectors in cloth manufacturing.

Towards weaving

• Weaving is the technique of making cloth with yarns. Handloom, Spinning jenny,Powerloom were the different methods used for weaving.
• The people of Indus valley made clothing from cotton and wool.
• Cotton is used to make clothing all over the world. Cotton obtained from the cotton plant is converted to yarns and used to make clothing.
• Jute is produced from the jute plant. It is a natural fibre. Most of the world’s jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India.
• The increase in demand for clothing led to the development of more advanced weaving machines.
  Production increased with the help of machines. Clothes with better quality and variety reached more people. Artificial dyes began to be used to colour clothes.
• Both natural and synthetic fibres are used to manufacture clothes.
• Natural fibres are produced from animals and plants.
  Example :Cotton ,Jute
• Synthetic fibres are produced from chemicals such as petroleum.
  Example : Polyester,Nylon

Humans used the materials they got from their surroundings as clothing when they lived by hunting. They used grass, bark of trees (Maravuri) and hide (animal skin) for making clothes. Horn and bone of animals were used as needles and tools to make clothes. During the period when polished stones were used as weapons, stone needles helped to sew clothes. They also made clothes by cleaning and softening animal skin and fur.

Weaving
In the early days, fibres collected from the surroundings were used for making clothes. Fibres were
combined and spun to make long yarns. Weaving is the technique of making cloth with these yams.

Clothing in the Indus Valley

• The Indus Valley was an ancient river valley civilisation that existed in the north western part of India.
• The people of Indus valley made clothing from cotton and wool.
• The dressed statues excavated from there reflect the clothing style of the people.
  
• It is believed that cotton was traded from here to other regions.

Development of weaving

• Gradually, the technique of weaving became more developed.
• In the early days, clothes were made by hands using yarns from cotton and jute.
• They realised that clothes woven from yams were better than animal skin. This led to the spread of woven clothes.
  
• The method of making cloth using wooden looms was developed later.
• The increase in the need of clothing led to the invention of weaving equipment. This helped to increase the speed of weaving.

Handloom

• Handloorn clothes are clothes woven on handloom using yarns.
• The invention of handloom was a breakthrough in the field of cloth manufacturing.
  
• Clothes were coloured with a dye made from indigo plant. The technique of weaving became more popular over the years.

Common raw materials in textile industry

Cotton

• Cotton is used to make clothing all over the world.
• Cotton obtained from the cotton plant is converted lo yarns and used to make clothes.
• Cotton has been cultivated in India since ancient times.
  

Jute

• Jute is produced from the jute plant. It is a natural fibre.
• Most of the worlds jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India.
• Large quantities of jute were taken from India by foreigners for the textile industry.
  

Indigo
In the early days. a dye made from the indigo plant was used to colour clothes. Later various pigment were mixed with indigo, to make different colours.

Major handloom centres in Kerala

• Balaramapurarn in Thiru’ananthapuram district
• Kuthampulli in Thrissur district and Kannur

New machines in the field of cloth manufacturing
The progress in science has led Lo the invention of new machines in the Íield of cloth manufacturing.

Spinning jenny
The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreaves. The handmade yarn production was not enough to meet the demand of the textile industry at that time. The invention of the spinning jenny accelerated the production of yarn.

Powerloom
The rise in population increased the demand for clothing. New machines became a part of weaving.
It reduced the human effort. The handloorn was later replaced by the power loom.
Powerloom was invented by Edmund Cartwright. The powerloom is operated either with the help of electricity or some other energy source. A powerloom can produce more cloth much faster than a handloom.

The Europeans travelled to different parts of the world in search of markets, to sell the clothes produced as a result of mechanisation. As part of it, they reached India also. They took the raw materials needed for the textile industry from India to Europe. Clothes they produced there with the help of machines were sold in India.

The Europeans
Europe is one of the seven continents. The people of this continent arc called the Europeans. The Portuguese (Portugal), the Dutch (Netherlands), the English (England) and the French (France) came to India from Europe for trade. They colonised India and took the raw materials from here to their lands. Among them, the English colonised India for the longest period. The changes in the society also had a significant impact on the cloth manufacturing. The increase in demand for clothing led to the development of more advanced weaving machines. Production increased with the help of machines. Clothes with better quality and variety reached more people. Artificial dyes began to be used to colour clothes. The colour varieties found in most of our clothing we use today were made by mixing these types of dyes.

Fibres

• Both natural and synthetic fibres are used to manufacture clothes.
• Natural fibres are produced from animals and plants.
• The discovery of synthetic fibres led to the production of clothes of different textures and qualities.
• The use of synthetic fibres such as polyester and nylon helped to make clothing more durable and cost-effective.
  

Diversity in clothing

• We wear different clothes in different situations.
• The weather, traditions, power roles, jobs, and differences in regions all affect what people wear.
• Most of us choose clothes that are comfortable to wear and that are good for the weather.
• A lot of different kinds of clothes are used in the arts.
• A protest called Upper Cloth Agitation took place in the early 19th century in Southern Travancore.
• where women protested for the right to cover their upper bodies.
• Gandhiji used clothing as a tool to create a mass movement for independence.
• As part of India’s Freedom Movement, Gandhiji made khadi and charka and refused to buy foreign goods by wearing and making his own clothes.
• Charka symbolised the Swadeshi nìoement (7th August 1905) during the Indian liberation struggle.
• After the Khadi Movement (1918), khadi clothes spread all over India.

Climate, customs, positions of power, employment and regional differences influence clothing. This variety can be seen not only in clothing but also in jewellery, hats and footwear. Nowadays, a lot of diversities and similarities can be seen in clothing and style of dressing. Most of us choose clothing suitable for climate and comfort for conveyance. Diversity of clothing is also widely seen in the field of arts.

Discrimination in clothing

Proclamation

This is a proclamation issued by Uthram Tirunal Marthandavarma. the then king of Travancore, in 1859, granting the right to women of the so-called lower castes of southern Kerala to wear the upper clothes. This proclamation reveals that the caste system that existed at that time prevented certain sections of the people from wearing clothes as they wished.

Tray ancore

• It was a princely state in British India comprising most of southern Kerala, a small part of central Kerala and Kanyakumari district, which is now a part of Tamil Nadu.
• The Travancore state expanded during the reign of Anizham Tirunal Marthandavarma in mid 18th century.
• With the formation of the state of Kerala in 1956. this princely state became a part of Kerala.

Upper Cloth Agitation
During the early 19th century. a certain section of the women in Southern Tray ancore made a protest for the right to cover the upper part of their body. At that time, only women who were said to belong to the upper caste had the right to wear the upper clothes as they wished. Women of the so called lower castes did not have the right to cover the upper part of their body in front of the upper castes. This protest is known as Upper Cloth Agitation.

Cloth as a weapon of agitation

• Cloth has been used in the past as a weapon against various forms of exploitation.
• In India’s Freedom Movement, as a part of the struggle, Gandhiji made khadi and charka and boycotted foreign goods by making and wearing indigenous clothes.
• He encouraged khadi clothes made by spinning in the charka and exhorted people to wear khadi clothes.
• In this way, Gandhiji turned the freedom struggle into a mass movement by making clothes as a weapon of struggle.
• Charka became a symbol of the Swadeshi movement in the Indian freedom struggle.
• Wearing khadi clothes and khadi caps became a symbol of patriotism.
  

The Swadeshi Movement

• It was started on 7th August 1 905 as a part of Indias freedom struggle.
• Its aim was to boycott the British-made goods and to promote the production and use of Indian-made goods.
• August 7, which marked the beginning of the Swadeshi movement, has been observed as National Handloom Day in India since 2015.

The Khadi Movement

• It was started in India in 1918 under the leadership of Gandhiji.
• As the Khadi Movement gained momentum the sound of ‘Charka’ rose from Indian Villages.
• Then, the khadi clothing spread all over India.

Clothing through the Ages Class 5 Notes Pdf

• Fibres were combined and spun to make long yarns. It is the technique of making cloth with* these yams.
• Flandloom, Spinning jenny,Powerloom were the different methods used for weaving.
• The Indus Valley was an ancient river valley civilisation that existed in the north western part of India.
• The people of Indus valley made clothing from cotton and wool. The dressed statues excavatedfrom there reflect the clothing style of the people.
• Cotton is used to make clothing all over the world. Cotton obtained from the cotton plant is converted to yams and used to make clothing.
• Jute is produced from the jute plant. It is a natural fibre. Most of the world’s jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India.
• Both natural and synthetic fibres are used to manufacture clothes.
• Natural fibres are produced from animals and plants.
  Example: Cotton, Jute
• Synthetic fibres are produced from chemicals such as petroleum.
  Example: Polyester, Nylon
• The weather, traditions, power roles, jobs, and differences in regions all affect what people wear.
• Most of us choose clothes that are comfortable to wear and that are good for the weather.
• A lot of different kinds of clothes are used in the arts.
• ‘Upper Cloth Agitation’ started during the early 19th century in Southern Travancore. Women from certain sections made a protest for the right to cover the upper part of their body. Women of the so-called lower castes did not have the right to cover the upper part of their body in front of the upper castes.
• In India’s Freedom Movement, as a part of the struggle, Gandhiji made khadi and charka and boycotted foreign goods by making and wearing indigenous clothes.
• Gandhiji encouraged khadi clothes made by spinning in the charka and exhorted people to wear khadi clothes.
• The Swadeshi Movement started on 7th August 1905 as a part of India’s freedom struggle. Its aim was to boycott the British-made goods and to promote the production and use of Indian- made goods.
• The Khadi Movement started in India in 1918 under the leadership of Gandhiji.
• As the Khadi Movement gained momentum the sound of ‘Charka’ rose from Indian Villages. Then, the khadi clothing spread all over India.
• Today’s clothes are largely based on personal tastes, hobbies, and ease of use.
• Movies, commercials, social media, and other things have a big effect on what people wear.
• Changing beauty standards and cultural diversity affect modem fashion.
• Today fashion designing has grown into a field of study with immense employment potential.
• Designing, weaving, sewing, embroidery, dyeing, etc. are some employment sectors in cloth manufacturing.