By reviewing Kerala Syllabus Class 8 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 1 Invasion and Resistance Important Questions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.
Invasion and Resistance Extra Questions and Answers Class 8 Social Science Chapter 1 Kerala Syllabus
Invasion and Resistance Class 8 Important Questions
Question 1.
Which was the first European country to reach India through the sea route?
Answer:
Portuguese
Question 2.
Who was the first Portuguese to reach India by sea?
Answer:
Vasco Da Gama
Question 3.
Name the ships of Vaso da Gama.
Answer:
Vasco da Gama and his crew reached India with three ships named Sao Gabriel, Sao Raphael and Berrio
Question 4.
Who was the naval chief of Zamorin?
Answer:
Kunjalli Marakkar
Question 5.
……………………. was the first battle in which a European power lost to an Indian ruler.
Answer:
Battle of Colachel
Question 6.
Which of the following countries was not involved in the war with Buxar?
a. Maratha
b. Mughal Dynasty
c. Awadh
d. Bengal
Answer:
a. Maratha
Question 7.
Tipu Sultan was the ruler of which country?
a. Maratha
b. Punjab
c. Bengal
d. Mysore
Answer:
d. Mysore
Question 8.
Vasco da Gama reached Kappad near Kozhikode in …………………………
Answer:
1498
Question 9.
The greatest contribution of the relationship with the Dutch is the work …………………..
Answer:
Hortus Malabaricus
Question 10.
Who led the Mysore army before Tipu Sultan?.
a) Ranjit Singh
b) Hyder Ali
c) Baji Rao
d) Nana Sahib
Answer:
b) Hyder Ali
Question 11.
Which princely state fought four wars with the East India Company?
a) Maratha
b) Punjab
c) Awadh
d) Mysore
Answer:
d) Mysore
Question 12.
In which year did the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War take place?
a) 1767
b) 1782
c) 1799
d) 1805
Answer:
c) 1799
Question 13.
Which region came under British rule after the Anglo-Sikh Wars?
a) Bengal
b) Mysore
c) Punjab
d) Deccan
Answer:
c) Punjab
Question 14.
Which European powers fought in the Carnatic War?
Answer:
British and French
Question 15.
Which are the Dutch colonies in India?
Answer:
Nagapattanam, Bharuch, Ahmedabad and Chinsura were the major trading center of Dutch in India.
Question 16.
What is the speciality of Battle of Colachel?
Answer:
In 1741, Marthandavarma, who ruled Travancore, clashed with the Dutch at Colachel near Kanyakumari. With the defeat in this war, the Dutch lost their supremacy in India. This was the first battle in which a European power lost to an Indian ruler.
Question 17.
What are the French dominions in India?
Answer:
Pondicherry, Yanam, Karaikal and Mahi.
Question 18.
What is the reason for the increase in commercialisation in agriculture?
Answer:
The British forced farmers to grow cash crops like indigo and cotton, which were needed by the British, instead of food crops. The spread of cash crops led to a decline in food crops and food shortages. This led to increased commercialisation in agriculture.
Question 19.
Explain the causes of the Munda rebellion.
Answer:
- British colonial exploitation and land grabbing
- Financial exploitation by moneylenders and traders.
Question 20.
What is Ulgulan?
Answer:
‘Ulgulan’ was a tribal riot that took place in the last decade of the nineteenth century. It is commonly known as Munda Rebellion. The word ‘ulgulan’ means ‘great uproar’ or ‘great upheaval’. The rebellion was led by Birsa Munda, who sought to break British colonial rule and establish a Munda kingdom (Mundarajya) in the Munda tribal areas of present-day Jharkhand.
Question 21.
Complete Section ‘B’ by understanding the relationship in Section ‘A’.
(i) A) General Bhakta Khan: Delhi
B) Tantiyathopi: …………………………
(ii) A) Lucknow: Begum Hazrat Mahal
B) Jhansi: ………………….
Answer:
(i) Kanpur
(ii) Rani Lakshmibai
Question 22.
Write a note on Attingal Revolt.
Answer:
A British contingent of one hundred and forty led by Gifford arrived to give gifts to the Attingal Rani, despite the opinion that was sufficient to give gifts only through the landlords This move led to a big conflict. The contingent was attacked and killed by the locals without any distinction of class, colour, caste and religion. Moreover, the British fort at Anchuthengu was surrounded and blockaded. The Attingal Revolt is significant as the first organised popular uprising against the British rule in Kerala.
Question 23.
Why did the Santals organise a resistance movement against the British?
Answer:
The Santals were a tribal group that migrated to the Rajmahal Hills of Bengal province in the 18th century. The landowners collected taxes unfairly, the usurers constantly gave loans, and in return, they stole their grain and forest resources. All this was done with the support of the British. The Santals mobilised the tribal people against the injustices they faced and started a struggle against the British in 1855. The British killed Sidhu and Kanhu, who led these rebellions. Although the rebellion was brutally suppressed, the Santal rebellion became an important chapter in the history of the resistance of the tribal people.
Question 24.
Explain Sannyasi-Fakir Rebellion.
Answer:
The East India Company made no effort to solve the problem of famine in Bengal. Hence, the poor peasants and labourers fought against the British, and this revolt was supported by the sannyasies. So, these are known as Sannyasi Rebellion. Along with the sannyasies, the Fakirs also joined the revolt against the British, and so, this revolt is also called the Sannyasi-Fakir Rebellion. Bhavani Pathak and Majnu Shah led the Sannyasi-Fakir Rebellion.
Question 25.
Examine the importance of Hortus Malabaricus.
Answer:
- The greatest contribution of the relationship with the Dutch is the work Hortus Malabaricus.
- Information about seven hundred and forty-two medicinal plants of Kerala is presented in this book.
- Hendrik van Rheed, the then-Dutch governor, was the compiler of this work.
- Itti Achuthan, an indigenous medical practitioner, helped him in this composition.
- Appu Bhat, Ranga Bhat and Vinayaka Bhat also contributed to the composition of this work. Hortus Malabaricus was the first book to be printed with some Malayalam words. This work was translated into Malayalam and English by Dr. K. S. Manilal.
Question 26.
Define the policy the Doctrine of Lapse.
Answer:
If the ruler of a princely state died without male heirs, there was a practice of finding a boy from another family as the heir. However, the king’s power to adopt was abolished under the Doctrine of Lapse enacted by Lord Dalhousie, the British Governor-General. In the absence of an heir, the princely state would fall under the control of the English East India Company. Many princely states were annexed to British India under these two policies. The princely state of Awadh (Oudh) was also annexed to British India on charges of misrule.
Question 27.
Write the following in chronological order.
a. The English East India Company was established
b. The Battle of Kulachal
c. Vasco da Gama reached Calicut.
d. The system of perpetual land tax was implemented.
Answer:
a. Vasco da Gama reached Calicut. (1498)
b. The English East India Company was established. (1600)
c. The Battle of Kulachal. (1741)
d. The system of perpetual land tax was implemented. (1793)
Question 28.
Arrange the following in chronological order.
a. Battle of Buxar
b. Fourth Mysore War
c. Battle of Plassey
d. Death of Hyder Ali
Answer:
a. Battle of Plassey – 1757
b. Battle of Buxar – 1764
c. Death of Hyder Ali – 1782
d. Fourth Mysore War – 1799
Question 29.
Arrange the given list in order.
| A | B |
| Tipu Sultan | Bengal |
| Siraj ud Daula | Travancore |
| Marthanda Varma | Mughal |
| Shah Alam II | Mysore |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Tipu Sultan | Mysore |
| Siraj ud Daula | Bengal |
| Marthanda Varma | Travancore |
| Shah Alam II | Mughal |
Question 30.
Explain the causes of the Neelam riots in Bengal.
Answer:
- The British planters (indigo planters) forced the farmers to cultivate the indigo plant (Amari plant) for the factories established in the villages.
- Indigo produced from the Amari plant could be sold only to the British.
- The British paid less than the market price for the indigo to the farmers.
- It led to severe food shortages, exploitation and economic hardship.
- With the discovery of artificial dyes, the demand for indigo decreased, and poverty increased. Left with no other option, the peasants turned to the path of agitation against the British.
Question 31.
Arrange the given events in chronological order.
a. Munda Rebellion
b. Attingal Rebellion
c. Neelam Farmers’ Revolt in Bengal
d. Santhal Rebellion
Answer:
a. Attingal Rebellion – 1721
b. Santhal Rebellion – 1855 – 1856
c. Neelam (Indigo) Farmers’ Revolt – 1859 – 1860
d. Munda Rebellion – 1899 – 1900
Question 32.
Examine the significance of Kittoor Chennamma’s rebellion.
Answer:
Kittoor Rani Chennamma was a brave woman who took up arms and fought against the British. Kittur was a princely state in Karnataka that recognised the supremacy of the Maratha rule. When the British won the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the Kittur area came under the control of the English East India Company. The ruler of Kittur was Sivalinga Rudradesai. After his death, Chennamma, his widow, decided to adopt a boy. This was prevented by the English East India Company, which annexed Kittur to British India. Provoked by this, Rani Chennamma of Kittoor declared war against the British. Rani Chennamma died in 1829 while in British custody.
Question 33.
Write the impact of the Revolt of 1857.
Answer:
- The English East India Company’s rule in India ended
- The administration of India came under the direct control of the British Queen
- The position of Governor-General was replaced by Viceroy
- It inspired India’s later national movements
Question 34.
What are the limitations of the revolt of 1857?
Answer:
- The rebellion was confined to a few parts of northern India.
- The rebellion had no organised leadership.
- The Company army had more improvised military and organisational skills than the mutineers.
- The middle class in India generally did not support the rebellion.
- A section of princely rulers abstained from the rebellion.
Question 35.
Write a note on the revolt of 1857.
Answer:
THE DOCTRINE OF LAPSE
- If the ruler of a princely state died without male heirs, there was a practice of finding a boy from another family as the heir.
- However, the king’s power to adopt was abolished under the Doctrine of Lapse enacted by Lord Dalhousie, the British Governor-General.
- In the absence of an heir, the princely state would fall under the control of the English East India Company.
- Many princely states were annexed to British India under these two policies. The princely state of Awadh (Oudh) was also annexed to British India on charges of misrule.
- Another reason for the Revolt of 1857 was the dissatisfaction of the Indian soldiers of the East India Company with the British.
PATRIOTS FOUGHT AGAINST THE BRITISH
| Venue of the Rebellion | Persons who led the rebellion | Features |
| Delhi | Bahadur Shah II | • The rebels declared him the Emperor of India • After the revolution, the British exiled him to Rangoon. |
| General Bakht Khan | • Military general of Bahadur Shah II | |
| Jhansi | Rani Lakshmibai | • Ruler of Jhansi |
| Kanpur | Nana Sahib | • Ruler of Maratha |
| Tantia Tope | • Nana Sahib’s army chief • Practised guerilla warfare |
|
| Lucknow | Begum Hazrat Mahal | • Ruler of Oudh |
| Ara in Bihar | Kunwar Singh | • Farmer lord of Jagdishpur |
Limitations of the Revolt of 1857
- The rebellion was confined to a few parts of northern India.
- The rebellion had no organised leadership.
- The Company army had more improvised military and organisational skills than the mutineers.
- The middle class in India generally did not support the rebellion.
- A section of princely rulers abstained from the rebellion.
Impact of the Revolt of 1857 in Indian History
- The English East India Company’s rule in India ended.
- The administration of India came under the direct control of the British Queen.
- The position of Governor-General was replaced by Viceroy.
- It inspired India’s later national movements.
Foreigners who came for trade gained political power in India. The subsequent national struggles were fuelled by the resistance and movements of people in various regions of India against this.
Question 36.
Write the major contributions of the Portuguese.
Answer:
- Introduced many words to the Malayalam language.
- Cashew, papaya, guava, pineapple, etc., were introduced.
- The first European Fort in India (Fort Manuel), was established in Kochi.
- The regions of Kochi, Goa, Daman and Diu came under Portuguese rule.
- Art forms like Chavittunadakam and Margam Kali were popularised.
- The European style of building construction was started.
- European weapons and war tactics were taught.
- Christian religious study centres were started.
Question 37.
Explain the tax policies implemented by the British in India.
Answer:
(Refer table on Topic 3: The Tax policies implemented by the British)-
Question 38.
Write the venue and features of the revolt of 1857.
Answer:
| Venue of the Rebellion | Persons who led the rebellion | Features |
| Delhi | Bahadur Shah II | • The rebels declared him the Emperor of India • After the revolution, the British exiled him to Rangoon. |
| General Bakht Khan | • Military general of Bahadur Shah II | |
| Jhansi | Rani Lakshmibai | • Ruler of Jhansi |
| Kanpur | Nana Sahib | • Ruler of Maratha |
| Tantia Tope | • Nana Sahib’s army chief • Practised guerilla warfare |
|
| Lucknow | Begum Hazrat Mahal | • Ruler of Oudh |
| Ara in Bihar | Kunwar Singh | • Farmer lord of Jagdishpur |