By reviewing Class 8 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 11 Feudalism and the Medieval World Important Questions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.
Feudalism and the Medieval World Extra Questions and Answers Class 8 Social Science Chapter 11 Kerala Syllabus
Feudalism and the Medieval World Class 8 Important Questions
Question 1.
Choose the correct option from B which is suitable for A.
| A | B |
| Feudalism | i. A piece of land |
| ii. Feud | |
| iii. German word | |
| iv. Originated in France |
A. ii and iii are correct
B. iii and iv are correct
C. i and iii are correct
D. i, ii, iii and iv are correct
Answer:
i, ii, iii and iv are correct
Question 2.
What are the three orders in the feudal system?
Answer:
Clergy, Nobles, Peasants
Question 3.
Define the term Frankish Empire.
Answer:
The Western Roman Empire was later conquered by the Franks, a tribe in Europe. They founded the Frankish Empire.
Question 4.
The most famous ruler Frankish Empire was
Answer:
Charlemagne
Question 5.
Complete ‘b’ by understanding the relationship in ‘a’ from the given.
a) Western Roman Empire: Rome
b) Eastern Roman Empire:
Answer:
Constantinople
Question 6.
The famous emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire was
Answer:
Justinian
Question 7.
What was the Corpus Juris Civilis, and what were its three main parts?
Answer:
The Corpus Juris Civilis was a collection of Roman laws compiled under Emperor Justinian. Its three main parts were: Digest, Code, and Institutes.
Question 8.
What is Hijra?
Answer:
In 622 CE, Prophet Muhammad and his followers fled from Mecca to Medina. This is known as the Hijra.
Question 9.
Choose the correct option from the following.
Assertion (A): Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes and laid the foundation of the Mongol Empire.
Reason (R): The Mongols were nomadic people who travelled in search of pastures.
Options:
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer:
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 10.
Arrange the following Caliphs in chronological order.
i) Umar
ii) Ali
iii) Abu Bakr
iv) Uthman
A. ii – i – iii – iv
B. iii – iv – ii – ii
C. i – iv – ii – iii
D. iii – i – iv – ii
Answer:
D. iii – i – iv – ii
Question 11.
Who was the most powerful ruler of the Mali Empire?
A. Genghis Khan
B. Mansa Kangan Musa
C. Abdul Abbas
D. Muawiya
Answer:
B. Mansa Kangan Musa
Question 12.
Which are the ancient civilizations held in America?
Answer:
The Aztecs, the Mayans, and the Incas were the civilisations that existed in America.
Question 13.
Match the following.
| a. Karakoram | i. Postal system |
| b. Yam | ii. Capital of Mongol |
| c. Yasa | iii. Code of law |
A. a-ii, b-i, c-iii
B. a-i, b-ii, c-iii
C. a-iii, b-i, c-ii
D. a-i, b-ii, c-iii
Answer:
A. a-ii, b-i, c-iii
Question 14.
What were the two categories of peasants in the feudal system?
Answer:
The third order had two divisions: Independent peasants and slaves.
Question 15.
How was the Roman Empire later divided into two?
Answer:
- Western Roman Empire
- Eastern Roman Empire
Question 16.
Explain Justinian’s Law.
Answer:
Justinian was a famous ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire. Justinian’s greatest contribution to the world was the Code of Justinian. A committee of jurists was formed to codify the laws, jurisprudence, and legal edicts that existed in the empire and to create a distinct law. The law thus compiled was the Corpus Juris Civilis. It had three parts: Digest, Code, Institute.
Question 17.
What is meant by Carolingian Renaissance?
Answer:
The Pope crowned Charlemagne as the first Holy Roman Emperor. Therefore, this empire is also known as the Holy Roman Empire. The architectural style of this period is known as the Carolingian style. The cognitive progress during the reign of Charlemagne is known as the Carolingian Renaissance.
Question 18.
Define Carolingian Style of Architecture.
Answer:
The Carolingian style was a combination of Byzantine and ancient Roman styles. Its characteristics include arched doorways, domes, and mosaic floors.
Question 19.
Define the term feudalism?
Answer:
Feudalism was an economic, social, and political system that emerged in medieval Europe following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. The word ‘feudalism’ is derived from the German word ‘feud,’ which means ‘a piece of land.’ Feudalism, which originated in France, later spread to England and Italy.
Question 20.
What are the conditions of peasants during feudal period?
Answer:
- They did not have their own land
- They had to work on the farms and in the houses of the nobles * They did not receive wages
- They could not leave the land without the permission of the noble
Question 21.
Why Frankish empire is known as Holy Roman Empire?
Answer:
Holy Roman Empire
- The Western Roman Empire was later conquered by the Franks, a tribe in Europe. They founded the Frankish Empire. The most famous ruler of this empire was Charlemagne.
- When Pope Leo III was expelled from Rome by his enemies, Charlemagne defeated them and restored him as Pope.
- In return, the Pope crowned Charlemagne as the first Holy Roman Emperor. Therefore, this empire is also known as the Holy Roman Empire. The architectural style of this period is known as the Carolingian style. The cognitive progress during the reign of Charlemagne is known as the Carolingian Renaissance.
- Carolingian Style of Architecture: The Carolingian style was a combination of Byzantine and ancient Roman styles. Its characteristics include arched doorways, domes, and mosaic floors.
Question 22.
Explain the significance of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Answer:
After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire emerged as a powerful centre of culture and administration. Its capital was Constantinople, earlier known as Byzantium. The empire preserved Roman traditions, laws, art, and architecture, and became a bridge between the ancient and medieval worlds. It is therefore known as the Byzantine Empire.
Question 23.
By the Nth century, feudalism began to collapse. Give reasons for this.
Answer:
- Climate change
- Strengthening of monarchy
- Spread of the pandemic, known as the plague or Black Death
- Invention of gunpowder
- Crusades
- Scarcity of metal coins
Question 24.
Explain the contributions of Arabs to the world.
Answer:
Arab Contributions To The World
- The Arab people were the ones who had built a unique culture. They had an efficient government, a postal system and a tax collection system. They were able to achieve a lot of progress in the field of education. The universities in Baghdad, Damascus, Cairo, and Cordoba are examples of this.
- It was the Arabs who contributed algebra and Arabic numerals to the world. Zero, which was the contribution of India was spread to the whole world by the Arabs.
- The Arabs were also the inventors of many chemical processes in chemistry. They were also the inventors of optics.
- They had knowledge about tuberculosis, smallpox, stomach cancer, and plague. The Thousand and One Nights is a famous book in Arabic literature.
| Scientists/Litterateur | Field | Books |
| Alrazi | Medicine | Kithab-Al-Hawi |
| Avicenna (Ibn Sina) | Medicine | Al-Qanun Fittib |
| Al-Biruni | Geology | Tahqiq ma lil-Hind |
| Umar Khayyam | Literature | Rubaiyyat |
| Firdausi | Literature | Shahnama |
Question 25.
Distinguish between Umayyad and Abbasids dynasty.
Answer:
Umayyad Dynasty
Muawiya, the governor of Syria seized power following the insecurity that arose after the death of the fourth caliph, Ali. The dynasty he founded was the Umayyad Dynasty. They moved the capital to Damascus in Syria. Abd al-Malik, the caliph of the Umayyad dynasty, emphasised Arabhood.
Abbasids
The Abbasid dynasty came into pow er under the leadership of Abul Abbas by overthrowing the Umayyad dynasty. They moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad. The most important poet and scholar among them was Harun al-Rashid.
Question 26.
Describe the lifestyle of the Mongols and explain how Genghis Khan played an important role in uniting them.
Answer:
Mongol Empire
- The Mongols were a nomadic tribe that lived in the eastern part of Central Asia.
- The capital of the Mongols was Karakoram.
This tribe travelled on horseback in search of pastures during the day and lived in tents at night. Genghis Khan united the various Mongol tribes which had been fighting each other for a long time, and laid the foundation of the Mongol Empire. His real name was Temujin. The name Genghis Khan was given to him by the Mongol tribal council. Genghis Khan started a postal system to connect different parts of the country. This was known as ‘Yam.’ Horses were used for the efficient functioning of this system. He also introduced a code of law called ‘Yasa.’
Question 27.
Write a note on early civilization of America.
Answer:
Aztecs
- In the 12th century, the Aztecs migrated to the Valley of Mexico.
- Aztec society was hierarchical. Their capital was Tenochtitlan.
They built artificial islands called Chinampas in the lakes of Mexico. This is an example of their construction skills. They gave importance to agriculture and cultivated corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, cassava, and potatoes. In addition to this, they were also engaged in trade and handicrafts. They used coins made of metals such as gold, copper, and tin. They gave importance to education. Educational institutions called Calmecac were built for the children of the nobles and Tepochcalli for the children of other classes.
Mayans
The Mayan civilisation developed in Mexico between the 11th and 14th centuries.
The Mayans cleared the jungle and cultivated maize. They built palaces and temples with stones. They made gold and silver jewellery and beautiful pottery. They used pictographic alphabet. They used bark of trees and paper made from a special plant for writing. They made significant progress in mathematics and astronomy and had an almanac.
Incas
- The Inca civilisation of Peru was the largest indigenous civilisation in South America.
- A centralised imperial rule prevailed there. The king was the supreme ruler.
- The capital was Cuzco.
The city had temples, palaces, and beautiful houses made of stone. The capital was connected to different parts of the country by means of roads. Machu Picchu, located at an altitude of 3,500 metres in central Peru, is an example of their construction skills. They made jewellery using gold, silver, and copper. They used the skins of animals such as llamas and alpaca to weave woollen clothes. The government provided farmers with enough land to cultivate. The main crops were com and potatoes. They used a system of recording numbers called quipu. The Spanish colonisation of America destroyed these cultures.
Chinampas
Chinampas are artificial islands built in the lakes of Mexico. The islands were built by covering reeds with mud and planting crops on them. Palaces and pyramids were built on these islands.
Question 28.
Describe the rise of Arab civilisation from the time of Prophet Muhammad to the Caliphate, and explain the major dynasties that ruled after him.
Answer:
Caliphate Rule
The successors of Prophet Muhammad who came to power after his death were known as caliphs. Their rule is called the Caliphate. A caliph was both the religious leader of Islam and the head of the Arab state. During the period of the first four calijfhs, the capital of the Arab Empire was Medina.
Umayyad Dynasty
Muawiya, the governor of Syria seized power following the insecurity that arose after the death of the fourth caliph, Ali. The dynasty he founded was the Umayyad Dynasty. They moved the capital to Damascus in Syria. Abd al-Malik, the caliph of the Umayyad dynasty, emphasised Arabhood.
Abbasids
The Abbasid dynasty came into pow er under the leadership of Abul Abbas by overthrowing the Umayyad dynasty. They moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad. The most important poet and scholar among them was Harun al- Rashid.
Arab Contributions To The World
- The Arab people were the ones who had built a unique culture. They had an efficient government, a postal system and a tax collection system. They were able to achieve a lot of progress in the field of education. The universities in Baghdad, Damascus, Cairo, and Cordoba are examples of this.
- It was the Arabs who contributed algebra and Arabic numerals to the world. Zero, which was the contribution of India was spread to the whole world by the Arabs.
- The Arabs were also the inventors of many chemical processes in chemistry. They were also the inventors of optics.
- They had knowledge about tuberculosis, smallpox, stomach cancer, and plague. The Thousand and One Nights is a famous book in Arabic literature.
| Scientists/Litterateur | Field | Books |
| Alrazi | Medicine | Kithab-Al-Hawi |
| Avicenna (Ibn Sina) | Medicine | Al-Qanun Fittib |
| Al-Biruni | Geology | Tahqiq ma lil-Hind |
| Umar Khayyam | Literature | Rubaiyyat |
| Firdausi | Literature | Shahnama |