By reviewing Class 8 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 2 Towards the Emergence of the National Movement Important Questions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.
Towards the Emergence of the National Movement Extra Questions and Answers Class 8 Social Science Chapter 2 Kerala Syllabus
Towards the Emergence of the National Movement Class 8 Important Questions
Question 1.
Who founded the organization Arya Mahila Samaj?
Answer:
Pandita Ramabai
Question 2.
Who published the newspaper Mirat ul-Akbar?
a) Dinabandhu Mitra
b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
c) Rabindranath Tagore
d) Subramania Bharati
Answer:
c) Rabindranath Tagore
Question 3.
Who implemented the Vernacular Press Act?
a) Lord Ripon
b) Lord Wellesley
c) Lord Dalhousie
d) Lord Lytton
Answer:
d) Lord Lytton
Question 4.
In which language was Sambad Kaumudi published?
a) Hindi
b) Marathi
c) Bengali
d) Urdu
Answer:
c) Bengali
Question 5.
In which language is Al Ameen newspaper published?
a) Malayalam
b) Persian
c) Urdu
d) Hindi
Answer:
a) Malayalam
Question 6.
Who is the author of the book “poverty and unbritish rule in India?”
Answer:
Dadabhai Naoroji
Question 7.
In which year was Raja Ram Mohan Roy born?
Answer:
1772
Question 8.
Which organisation did Jyotirao Phule form for social reformation?
Answer:
Satyashodhak Samaj
Question 9.
In which year was the Indian National Congress formed?
Answer:
1885
Question 10.
What was the aim of the Home Rule League?
Answer:
Home Rule or Self-Government
Question 11.
Define Nationalism.
Answer:
Before independence, India was divided into many princely states. Segregation existed in all spheres like caste, religion, dress, language and culture. But in the second half of the nineteenth century, beyond all such differences, a sense of unity emerged among Indians. A strong anti-British feeling was the basis of this sense of unity of the Indian people. This sense of unity is called Nationalism.
Question 12.
Who presided over the first meeting of the Indian National Congress, and where was it held?
Answer:
W. C. Banerjee presided over the first meeting of the Indian National Congress, which was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay.
Question 13.
What was the main objective of the first conference of the Indian National Congress?
Answer:
The main objective was to form a general opinion among the social and political activists from different regions of India.
Question 14.
How was Bengal divided during the Partition of Bengal in 1905?
Answer:
Bengal was divided into East Bengal, which was a Muslim-majority region, and West Bengal, which was: a Hindu-majority region.
Question 15.
What was the main concept and method of protest in the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
The main concept of the Swadeshi Movement was self-reliance. The primary method of protest was promoting the use of Indian goods and boycotting British goods.
Question 16.
When was the Partition of Bengal implemented, and how did people react to it?
Answer:
The Partition of Bengal was implemented on October 16, 1905. People reacted by observing mourning, organizing hartals in Calcutta, singing patriotic songs like ‘Amar Sonar Bangla’, and participating in massive protests that evolved into the Swadeshi Movement.
Question 17.
Define Swadeshi Samitis and who founded the Swadeshi Bandhab Samiti?
Answer:
Swadeshi Samitis were voluntary organisations that worked to spread the message of the Swadeshi Movement and organise the people. The Swadeshi Bandhab Samiti was formed by Ashwini Kumar Dutt.
Question 18.
Write the objectives of the Swadeshi Bandhab Samiti.
Answer:
- Provide physical training to volunteers.
- Help those who suffer from epidemics and other ailments.
- Establish Swadeshi Vidyalayas.
Question 19.
Explain the difference between moderates and extremists.
Answer:
Moderates: There were differences of opinion among the leaders regarding the working methods of the Indian National Congress. The early leadership was not ready for an open struggle against the British. They were known as moderates. Chief among them were Pherozshah Mehta, Gopalakrishna Gokhale and Dadabhai Naoroji. They propagated their ideas through peaceful and bloodless struggles, meetings, speeches and resolutions.
Extremists: A group, dissatisfied with the ideas and activities of the moderates, became strong in the Congress. They were known as extremists. Bal Gangadhara Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal arid Lala Lajpat Rai were prominent among them. Their mode of action was quite different from those of the moderates. They adopted revolutionary methods of action like swadeshi and boycott to argue that freedom could be achieved only through strong open struggle.
Question 20.
How did the economic policies of the British contribute to the emergence of Indian nationalism?
Answer:
India had become a colony for the collection of raw materials for the British industries and also a market for the British products. Economic exploitation was the aim of the British. The policies adopted by them for this led to unemployment and poverty in India. As a result, various categories like farmers, artisans, small traders and tribal communities started fighting against the British.
Question 21.
Examine the contributions of literature to the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
Literary works played an important role in spreading nationalism in India. The protest against the British had reflections in literature. The sufferings, neglect and exploitation faced by the people in different parts of the country became themes in literary works. The works of prominent writers of that time like Dinabandhu Mitra, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore, Vallathol Narayana Menon, and Subramania Bharati played an important role in inculcating nationalism among the people.
Question 22.
Who were the leaders of the Extremists?
Answer:
- Bal Gangadhara Tilak
- Bipin Chandra Pal
- Lala Lajpat Rai
Question 23.
Explain the contribution of transport and communication facilities to Indian nationalism.
Answer:
The British expanded transport and communication facilities in India for trade, industry, and military purposes. They started the railways, postal system, and telegraph services. They also improved the road transport system to ease the movement of goods. These facilities helped people to travel to all parts of India, communicate and understand each other. In this way, the idea of nationalism emerged and the national movement strengthened. The implementation of a unified, administrative system, legal system, and currency system also created a sense of unity among the people.
Question 24.
List the early political movements in India.
Answer:
| Early political movements | Centre of activity | National leaders who led the movements |
| Indian Association | Calcutta | Surendranath Baneijee, Ananda Mohan Bose |
| Madras Mahajan Sabha | Madras | M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer, Ananda Charlu |
| Bombay Presidency Association | Bombay | Pherozeshah Mehta, K. T. Telang, Badruddin Tyabji |
Question 25.
Arrange the given table.
| A | B |
| Dinabandhu Mitra | Satyashodhak Samaj |
| Raja Ram Mohan Roy | SharadaSadan |
| Jyotirao Phule | Nil Darpan |
| Pandita Ramabai | Sambad Kaumudi |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Dinabandhu Mitra | Nil Darpan |
| Raja Ram Mohan Roy | Sambad Kaumudi |
| Jyotirao Phule | Satyashodhak Samaj |
| Pandita Ramabai | Sharada Sadan |
Question 26.
Evaluate the role of Western education in the growth of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
Modern education spread in India at the beginning of the nineteenth century. English education was propagated by the British to highlight their superiority, to subjugate Indians culturally, and mould a section of Indians who would be sympathetic to them. But the English educated Indians became conscious of democracy, freedom, egalitarianism, equal justice, scientific temper and civil rights. Indians who got acquainted with these new ideas wondered how their country came under the British rule. They constantly talked about the need to end the British rule. English became the common language of exchange of ideas for people coming from different parts of the country. Western education helped Indians to understand about the economic and social weaknesses of the country. This led to the emergence of nationalism.
Question 27.
Complete section ‘b’ by understanding the relationship in section ‘a’ given below.
I. a) Anusheelan Samiti: Sachindra Nath Sanyal
b) Ghadar party: ……………………..
II. a) Vanchi Iyer: Bharat Mata Association
b) Rash Behari Bose: ……………………….
III. a) Altaf Hussain Hali: Urdu
b) Premchand: …………………………
IV. a) Arya Samaj: Swami Dayananda Saraswati
b) Hitakarini Samaj: …………………….
Answer:
I. LalaHardayal
II. Yugantar Party
III. Hindi
IV. Veerasalingam Pantulu
Question 28.
Match the following.
| A | B |
| Pandita Ramabai | Surendranath Banerjee |
| Ayyankali | Ananda Charlu |
| Indian Association | Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham |
| Madras Mahajan Sabha | Mukti Mission |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Pandita Ramabai | Mukti Mission |
| Ayyankali | Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham |
| Indian Association | Surendranath Banerjee |
| Madras Mahajan Sabha | Ananda Charlu |
Question 29.
Arrange the following in chronological order.
• Partition of Bengal
• Minto Morley reforms
• Formation of the Indian National Congress
• Surat Conference
Answer:
• Formation of the Indian National Congress – 1885
• Partition of Bengal – 1905
• Surat Conference – 1907
• Minto Morley reforms – 1909
Question 30.
Which are the revolutionary organisations that formed in contrast to the Indian National Congress’s method of struggle?
Answer:
| Revolutionary organisations | Place | Leadership |
| Anusheelan Samiti | Bengal | Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Aurobindo Ghosh |
| Bharat Mata Association | Madras | Neelakanta Brahmachari, Vanchi Iyer, Ajit Singh |
| Yugantar Party | Bengal | Rash Behari Bose, Khudiram Bose |
| Ghadar party | America | LalaHardayal |
Question 31.
Explain the role of social reform movements in the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
Through social reform activities, the self-confidence of Indians grew and this led to the growth of nationalism. Early reformers in India and their activities are:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Raja Ram Mohan Roy initiated social reforms in India. Born in Bengal in 1772, he had profound knowledge in Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Roy was a multilingual scholar, influenced by the ideals of French Revolution.
Jyotirao Phule
Jyotirao Phule was a social reformer who fought for the rights of people who were considered lower caste in Maharastra and for the women. He formed an organisation named Satyashodhak Samaj for social reformation. This organisation made efforts for widow marriage and to provide protection to children of widows. He established many educational institutions for Women and Dalits. The people of Maharashtra respectfully called him ‘Mahatma’. His life partner, Savitribai Phule also accompanied him in all his activities. Savitribai also participated in educational activities by establishing several schools for girls and night schools.
Pandita Ramabai
- Pandita Ramabai was a feminine presence in the field of social reforms.
- A native of Karnataka, Ramabai mastered languages such as Sanskrit, Marathi and Bengali.
- Ramabai was honoured with the title of ‘Pandita’ by the teachers of the University of Calcutta for her Knowledge in Sanskrit literature.
Pandita Ramabai fought against child marriage and started several schools for the education of widows and girls. An organisation called ‘Arya Mahila Samaj’ was established for such activities. A shelter called ‘ Sharada Sadan’ was started for the rehabilitation of widows, and a project called Mukti Mission was started to provide vocational training for women. She participated in the conference of the Indian National Congress held in Bombay in 1889.
Question 32.
Explain the objectives of the Indian National Congress.
Answer:
- To foster friendly relation among political activists in different parts of India.
- To foster and strengthen a sense of national unity irrespective of caste, religion and province.
- Formulate and give shape to common needs and present them to the British Government.
- Form a public opinion and organise people in the country.
- Allow centres in India for All India Competitive Examinations as well.
Question 33.
Prepare a note about the Home Rule League,
Answer:
During the First World War, which started in 1914, political activities were revived. It was led by an organisation called the Home Rule League. The Home Rule League helmed under the leadership of Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhara Tilak gained popular support in the cities and villages. The aim of this organisation was Home Rule or Self-Government. Annie Besant and Bal Ganghadhara Tilak travelled across the country to promote the Home Rule League and set up many branches. Realising that the Home Rule League’s activities were a threat to British supremacy, the government arrested and imprisoned Annie Besant. Later, she was released from jail and was elected the President of the Congress in Calcutta Conference in 1917. Annie Besant is the first woman president of the Indian National Congress.
Question 34.
List out some other important social reform movements of India and their founders.
Answer:
| Social Reform Movements | Founders |
| Prarthana Samaj | Atmaram Pandurang |
| Arya Samaj | Swami Dayananda Saraswati |
| Aligarh Movement | Sir Syed Ahmad Khan |
| Theosophical Society | Madame Blavatsky, Colonel Olcott |
| Ramakrishna Mission | Swami Vivekananda |
| Hitakarini Samaj | Veeresalingam Pantulu |
| Swabhimana Prasthanam | E. V. Ramasamy Naicker |
| Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam | Sree Narayana Guru |
| Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham | Ayyankali |