By reviewing Kerala Syllabus Class 8 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 6 Resource Utilisation and Sustainability Important Questions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.
Resource Utilisation and Sustainability Extra Questions and Answers Class 8 Social Science Chapter 6 Kerala Syllabus
Resource Utilisation and Sustainability Class 8 Important Questions
Question 1.
Which is the oldest gold mine in India?
a) Huti mine
b) Kolar Gold Mine
c) Johnson Mine
d) Bellary Mine
Answer:
b) Kolar Gold Mine
Question 2.
Who discovered the village of Urigam in Karnataka in 1804?
a) John Warren
b) James Cook
c) Robert Clive
d) Vasco da Gama
Answer:
a) John Warren
Question 3.
When was the Kolar Gold Field (KGF) renamed?
a) 1850
b) 1880
c) 1900
d) 1956
Answer:
b) 1880
Question 4.
Which is an example of non-renewable resource?
a) Solar Energy
b) The wind
c) Iron
d) Water
Answer:
c) Iron
Question 5.
Which is the first fully solar-powered airport in India?
a) Delhi
b) Kochi
c) Mumbai
d) Chennai
Answer:
b) Kochi
Question 6.
When was the Bombay High oil field discovered?
a) 1950
b) 1974
c) 1985
d) 1990
Answer:
b) 1974
Question 7.
In which year was Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) established?
a) 1907
b) 1919
c) 1923
d) 1956
Answer:
a) 1907
Question 8.
Which state is the largest producer of the iron and steel industry in India?
a) Karnataka
b) Odisha
c) Gujarat
d) Tamil Nadu
Answer:
b) Odisha
Question 9.
What is the main objective of sustainable development?
a) Excessive use of resources
b) To conserve resources for future generations
c) Industrial growth
d) The urbanisation
Answer:
b) To conserve resources for future generations
Question 10.
What is the importance of a Kolar gold mine?
Answer:
- The oldest industrial cities in India.
- From 1880 to 1956, the Kolar Gold Field produced more than 800 tonnes of gold.
Question 11.
Two examples of renewable resources?
Answer:
- Solar energy
- The wind
Question 12.
Write any two characteristics of metallic minerals.
Answer:
- Hard and lustrous.
- It may contain iron.
Question 13.
What are the two main features of Mumbai High?
Answer:
- Large oil field located 160 km away in the Arabian Sea.
- One of the Largest offshore oil fields in India.
Question 14.
Which are the two major iron and steel industries in India?
Answer:
Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) and Bhilai Steel Plant
Question 15.
What is meant by the term Resource?
Answer:
Anything that is environmentally available, technologically accessible, culturally acceptable and capable of meeting our needs is called a resource. Resources include not only material things like water, air and soil but also non-material things like knowledge and health. Humans are considered resources as they can create many resources using their abilities, skills and technology.
Question 16.
What are minerals? How are they classified based on their composition and physical characteristics?
Answer:
Minerals are naturally forming organic and inorganic substances with chemical and physical properties. Minerals can be classified into two types based on their composition and physical characteristics.
- Metallic Minerals
- Non-Metallic Minerals
Question 17.
Write the names of two metallic minerals.
Answer:
Iron ore and bauxite
Question 18.
What is meant by heavy industry?
Answer:
Iron and steel industries are also called heavy industries due to the large amount of raw materials used and the size and weight of the products from them.
Question 19.
What is meant by resource conservation?
Answer:
Conservation of resources is the process of ensuring their availability by avoiding over-exploitation through judicious use. The objectives of conservation of resources are to conserve resources for future generations, maintain the balance of the environment, and minimise impacts on nature and human beings.
Question 20.
Define mining. What are the two main types of mining?
Answer:
Mining is the process of finding and extracting valuable materials from the Earth’s surface or underground. Mining is classified into surface mining and underground mining.
Question 21.
What is a manufacturing industry? Give an example.
Answer:
In the manufacturing industry, the raw materials are processed using machines to make highly valuable products for marketing in local and distant markets.Eg: Iron and steel Industry
Question 22.
What are the three significances of the iron and steel industry in India?
Answer:
- Supports the other industries and service sectors.
- Increase the country’s income.
- Creating employment opportunities.
Question 23.
Write any three resource conservation methods.
Answer:
- Water conservation
- Forest conservation
- Energy conservation
Question 24.
What are the three factors affecting the distribution of mineral resources in India?
Answer:
- Geographical location
- Mining facilities
- Transportation systems
Question 25.
What are the three categories into which minerals are classified?
Answer:
- Metallic minerals containing iron
- Metallic minerals not containing iron
- Organic and Inorganic minerals
Question 26.
Why is man considered a resource?
Answer:
Humans are considered resources as they can create many resources using their abilities, skills and technology. Depending on human needs any object can be turned into a resource with time and technology. Likewise, human skills are also used as resources. This is called human resource.
Question 27.
Explain the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources with examples.
Answer:
| Renewable Resources | Non-Renewable Resources |
| • Resources that do not get depleted after use and can be reused are renewable resources. • These are resources that are continuously produced in nature and are always readily available to man. • Examples: Sunlight, wind, and waves |
• Non-renewable resources have been formed over millions of years and they decrease in quantity with use. • Examples: iron, gold, coal, and petroleum. |
Question 28.
What is ore? Briefly write about the process of extracting minerals from the Earth’s crust.
Answer:
Minerals found in the Earth’s crust in the form of ores become usable only after mining and processing. Minerals which will be mixed with impurities are mined from the earth in raw form. This is called ore. These ores can be converted into valuable minerals only through refining processes. Mining is the process of finding and extracting valuable materials from the Earth’s surface or underground. Mining is classified into surface mining and underground mining.
Question 29.
Why is the iron and steel industry called a basic industry?
Answer:
Among the mineral-based industries, the iron and steel industry is the foundation of industrial development. The iron and steel industry is called a basic industry as it provides the raw materials and products required for other industries. Iron and steel industry is also known as heavy industry. India is one of the largest producers of iron and steel in the world.
Question 30.
Explain any two environmental problems created by industries.
Answer:
Air Pollution: The smoke emitted from industries which contain toxic gases such as sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane, pollute the atmosphere. This poses a serious threat to nature and human health.
Water Pollution: Waste water discharged from industries and toxins from chemical industries pollute rivers, lakes and other water bodies. It harmfully affects aquatic life and humans.
Question 31.
What is meant by urbanization?
Answer:
Urbanisation is the increase in size and population of cities as a result of migration from rural areas to urban areas and natural population growth in cities. This has led to a massive increase in the size and population of cities and it results in socio-economic and environmental changes.
Question 32.
Compare natural resources and man-made resources. Explain with examples.
Answer:
On the basis of origin, resources can be mainly classified into natural resources and man-made resources.
| Natural resources | Man-made resources |
| Resources obtained from nature. | Resources made by human beings. |
| The availability and renewability of natural resources varies. | Depending on human needs any object can be turned into a resource with time and technology. |
| Eg: Air,Minerals | Eg: Road, Machinery |
Question 33.
List the characteristics of metallic and non-metallic minerals.
Answer:
| Metallic Minerals | Non-Metallic Minerals |
| They are naturally occurring substances in nature that contain traces of metal. | Minerals that do not contain metals are called non – metallic minerals. |
| The metal extracted from the metallic minerals through the refining process is usually hard and lustrous. | For non-metallic minerals properties such as hardness, lustre and ductility are relatively low. |
| Metallic minerals are classified into two types based on the presence of iron – Ferrous metals and Non-ferrous metals. | Non-metallic minerals are classified into two groups – organic minerals and inorganic minerals. |
| Example: Extraction of aluminium from bauxite. | Example: Biominerals such as coal and petroleum contain organic components. Inorganic minerals such as graphite and clay contain inorganic components. |
Question 34.
Record the names of the first iron and steel companies in India, along with their founding year and location.
Answer:
Since ancient times, Indians have been well – versed in metallurgy.
Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) – 1907 – Sakchi (Jamshedpur)
Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO) – 1919 – West Bengal
Mysore Iron and Steel Company (Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel) – 1923 – Karnataka
Question 35.
What role do Five-Year Plans play in the industrial growth of a country?
Answer:
A five-year plan is a system designed by the government to achieve set goals for the economic and social progress of a country within a five-year period. After independence, the iron and steel industry in India grew rapidly. During the Second Five-Year Plan, three integrated iron and steel projects were started at Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur with the help of the Soviet Union, Germany and Britain respectively. Later, the management and responsibility of these were taken over by the government organisation, Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL). This makes it clear that the five-year plans have a crucial role in the industrial growth of the country to finance, implement and set targets for large-scale industrial projects.
Question 36.
What are the geographical factors influencing the distribution of manufacturing industries?
Answer:
- Topography
- Weather
- Water
- Energy
- Raw materials
Question 37.
What are the objectives of resource conservation?
Answer:
- Ensuring their availability by avoiding over-exploitation through judicious use.
- Conserve resources for future generations.
- Maintain the balance of the environment.
- Minimise impacts on nature and human beings.
Question 38.
Explain the reasons for the growth of the iron and steel industry in Odisha.
Answer:
Odisha is the major iron and steel industrial state of India. The reasons for the growth of the iron and steel industry in Odisha compared to other states of India are:
- Favourable geographical location.
- Mineral and water availability.
- High-grade iron ore deposits are found in Keonjhar, Sundargarh and Mayurbhanj districts and coal in the Talcher region.
- An excellent railway network and highways connecting the factories of Rourkela and Kalinganagar with the main markets of India facilitated industrial development.
- long coastline and ports facilitated domestic and international trade, making Odisha the centre of the iron and steel industry.
Question 39.
Explain the various factors influencing the distribution of manufacturing industries at geographical and non-geographical levels.
Answer:
Both geographical and non-geographical factors influence the distribution of manufacturing industries.
Question 40.
How are regional inequality, migration, and urbanisation related to industries?
Answer:
- Regional Inequality: The unbalanced distribution of natural resources and inadequate basic facilities have resulted in a concentration of industrial development in certain regions. Differences can be seen in the income arid living standards of the people in these areas. This causes regional disparity in industrially backward areas.
- Migration: Migration is the permanent or temporary movement of people from one region to another. People migrate from less developed areas to developed industrial areas for employment and better living conditions. As a result of this, population density increases in this area.
- Urbanisation: Urbanisation is the increase in size and population of cities as a result of migration from rural areas to urban areas and natural population growth in cities. This has led to a massive increase in the size and population of cities and it results in socio-economic and environmental changes.
Question 41.
How to classify manufacturing industries on the basis of raw materials? Give examples for each,
Answer:
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
Minerals distributed across various states of India, play an important role in the country’s production and industrial sectors. Minerals which are extracted through different refining processes are the main raw materials for industries. On the basis of raw materials, manufacturing industries can be main classified as follows.
- Among the mineral-based industries, the iron and steel industry is the foundation of industrial development.
- The iron and steel industry is called a basic industry as it provides the raw materials and products required for other industries.
- Iron and steel industry is also known as heavy industry. India is one of the largest producers of iron and steel in the world.
|
Heavy Industry Iron and steel industries are also called heavy industries due to the large amount of raw materials used and the size and weight of the products from them. |