By reviewing Class 8 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 8 National Movement and Kerala Important Questions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.
National Movement and Kerala Extra Questions and Answers Class 8 Social Science Chapter 8 Kerala Syllabus
National Movement and Kerala Class 8 Important Questions
Question 1.
Arrange the following in chronological order:
i) Kurichyar Rebellion
ii) End of Pazhassi
iii) Srirangapatnam Treaty
iv) Kundara Proclamation
A) ii – i – iii – iv
B) iii – i – ii – iv
C) iii – ii – iv – i
D) iv – iii – i – ii
Answer:
C) iii – ii – iv – i
Question 2.
Arrange the columns ‘B’ according to the given columns ’A’.
A) a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii
B) a – iii, b – iv, c-i, d-ii
C) a-iii, b – ii, c. iv, d – i
D) a -ii, b – i, c -iii, d – iv
Answer:
B) a – iii, b – iv, c-i, d-ii
Question 3.
Complete section ‘B’ by understanding the relationships in section ‘A’.
I. a. Samatva Samaj: Vaikunta Swamikal
b. Sadhujana Paripalana sangham: __________
II. a. Araya samajam: Pandit K.P. Karuppan
b. Atmavidya Sangham:
Answer:
I. Ayyankali
II. Vagbhatananda
Question 4.
Who led the Kurichyar rebellion?
Answer:
Rama Nambi or Rama Moopan
Question 5.
Match the following.
| A | B |
| a. Vaikunta Swamikal | i. Pratyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha |
| b. Sree Narayana Guru | ii. Yogakshema Sabha |
| c. Poikayil Yohannan | iii. Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam |
| d. V.T Bhattathiripad | iv. Samatva Samaj |
A) a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i
B) a – iv, b – ii, c-i, d -iii
C) a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i
D) a -iv, b – iii, c -i, d – ii
Answer:
D) a -iv, b – iii, c -i, d – ii
Question 6.
Complete section ‘B’ by understanding the relationships in section ‘A’
I.
a. Travancore Muslim Mahajana Sabha: Vakkom Abdul Khader Moulavi
b. Sadhujana Paripala Sangham: __________
II.
a. Nair Service Society: Mannath Padmanabhan
b. Araya Samajam: __________
III.
a. Yogakshema sabha: V.T. Bhattathiripad
b. Atmavidya Sangham: __________
Answer:
I. Ayyankali
II. Pandit K. P Karuppan
III. Vagbhatanandha
Question 7.
Who wrote the play “ Adukkalayil Ninnu Arangathekku”? #
Answer:
V. T. Bhattathiripad
Question 8.
Who performed ‘Shiva prathishta’ at Aruvippuram?
Answer:
Sree Narayana Guru
Question 9.
Who performed the first ‘Kannadi Prathishta’ in South India?
Answer:
Vaikunta Swamikal
Question 10.
Choose the correct answer from the following.
(i) Who conducted the Villuvandi strike?
a. Ayyankali
b. Pandit. K.P Karuppan
c. Vagbhatananda
d. V.T Bhattathiripad
Answer:
a. Ayyankali
(ii) Who is the volunteer captain of Guruvayur Sathyagraha?
a. K.Kelappan ,
b. A. K. Gopalan
c. Ayyankali
d. V.T. Bhattathiripad
Answer:
b. A. K. Gopalan
(iii) Who led Kallumala Strike?
a. Mannath Padmanabhan
b. Poikayil Yohannan
c. Ayyankali
d. Pandit K.P. Karuppan
Answer:
c. Ayyankali
Question 11.
Arrange the following in chronological order.
i. Guruvayur Satyagraha
ii. Paliyam Satyagraha
iii. Vaikom Satyagraha
iv. Upper cloth Agitation
a. i, iii, iv, ii
b. iv, iii, i, ii
c. i, iv, ii, iii
d. iii, ii, i, iv
Answer:
b. iv, iii, i, ii
a. Upper cloth agitation: 1859
b. Vaikom Satyagraha: 1924-25
c. Guruvayur Satyagraha: 1931
d. Paliyam Satyagraha: 1947-48
Question 12.
Who led the Salt Satyagraha in Payyanur?
Answer:
K. Kelappan
Question 13.
Who proposed the Salt Satyagraha at Kozhikode?
Answer:
Muhammad Abdur Rahman Sahib
Question 14.
Who were the main leaders of the Malabar Rebellion?
Answer:
Ali Musliyar, Variyankunnath Kunjahammed Haji and M. P. Narayana Menon.
Question 15.
Who is the Prime Minister of the first Congress ministry that came to power in Kochi?
Answer:
Ikkanda Warrier
Question 16.
Write the following in chronological Order.
i. Elecricity strike
ii. Nivarthanam
iii. Malabar Rebellion
iv. Kochi Rajya Praja Mandal
a. i, iii, iv, ii ,
b. ii, iii, i, iv
c. i, iv, ii, iii
d. iii, ii, i, iv
Answer:
d. iii, ii, i, iv
a. Malabar Rebellion: 1921
b. Nivarthanam: 1932
c. Electricity strike: 1936
d. Kochi Rajya Praja Mandal: 1941
Question 17.
Who is the first Chief minister of Kerala?
Answer:
E.M.S. Nambhoodiripad
Question 18.
Who is the first president of the Travancore State Congress?
Answer:
Pattom Thanu Pillai
Question 1.
__________ become enlightened through knowledge. .
Answer:
Sree Narayana Guru
Question 20.
Choose the correction option from the following.
Statement 1: In 1921, the All Kerala Provincial Conference was held at Ottapalam.
Statement 2: The conference included representatives from Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore.
Options:
A. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true, and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.
B. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true, but Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of Statement 1.
C. Statement 1 is true, but Statement 2 is false.
D. Statement 1 is false, but Statement 2 is true.
Answer:
A. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true, and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.
- The base was shifted to Wayanad
- The local people were added
- Guerrilla warfare was waged
Question 22.
What were the factors recorded in William Logan’s inquiry report as the causes of the peasant revolts in Malabar?
Answer:
- Tax policies of the British government
- Exploitation and eviction of landlords
Question 23.
Write the causes of the Electricity Strike in Thrissur?
Answer:
The Diwan of Kochi, R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, decided to hand over the electricity supply of Thrissur to a private company. In 1936, there was a popular uprising against the decision. Although the government suppressed the protest, this strike helped mobilise people to the forefront of the protest.
Question 24.
Write the name of w omen activists w ho actively participated in Indian National Movement?
Answer:
- A.V. Kuttimalu Amma
- Ammu Swaminathan
- Akkamma Cheriyan
- Annie Mascarene
Question 25.
What is the objective of Paliyam Satyagraha?
Answer:
The Paliyam Satyagraha of 1947-48 was another protest in Kerala for the abolition of untouchability. The marginalised sections of the people were prohibited from walking on the road in front of Paliath Achan’s residence in Chennamangalam, Kochi.
Question 26.
Why Malabar peasants rebellion is known as Mappila riots?
Answer:
There were protests and violence by farmers against exploitative landlords and the British government. Since most of the participants were Mappila farmers of South Malabar, the British authorities and imperial historians referred to these uprisings as the “Mappila riots”
Question 27.
Complete the table by examining the important events that led to the formation of Aikya Kerala.
Answer:
A. Payyannur Congress Conference: 1928
B. Reorganise the states of India based on Language
Question 28.
Write a note on the Abstention Movement.
Answer:
The 1932 ‘Nivarthanam’ or Abstention Movement was a powerful political agitation in Travancore. The Christian, Muslim, and Ezhava communities formed a political committee and led the movement jointly. They demanded proportional representation in government jobs and in the Legislative Assembly. C. Kesavan, N. V. Joseph and P. K. Kunju led the movement. The activities for responsible government in Travancore were carried out under the auspices of the Travancore State Congress. Pattom Thanu Pillai was the first president of the Travancore State Congress. They organised the agitation through petitions and direct-action protests.
Question 29.
What are the measures the British took against the Kurichyar and Kurumbrar?
Answer:
- The tribal people’s tracts of land were seized
- They were not allowed to continue their traditional methods of farming
- The British demanded money instead of goods as tax
Question 30.
a. Name the organisation formed under the leadership of Ikkanda Warrier.
b. What was its main objective?
Answer:
a. Kochi Rajya Praja Mandal
b. It was decided to hold a nationwide protest to achieve responsible government and 29 July 1946 was observed as “Responsible Government Day.” Later, the Praja Mandal merged with the Indian National Congress. Ikkanda Warrier became the Prime Minister, and the first Congress ministry came to power in Kochi.
Question 31.
Explain the formation of the Congress Socialist Party in Kerala and its role in peasant struggles.
Answer:
In 1934, Congress workers who supported socialist ideas met at Kozhikode under the leadership of K. Kelappan. They decided to form a socialist group within the Indian National Congress, called the Congress Socialist Party (CSP). The faction was led by P. Krishna Pillai, E. M. S. Namboothiripad, and A. K. Gopalan. The CSP played an important role in Kerala by organising several peasant struggles, fighting against landlord oppression and promoting the rights of farmers, which strengthened the broader national movement.
Question 32.
Write a note on Punnapra-Vayalar Struggle.
Answer:
- This struggle was against the tyranny of C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer, the Diwan of Travancore, and for the establishment of responsible government.
- Since the struggle took place in Punnapra and Vayalar in Alappuzha, it became known as the Punnapra- Vayalar Struggle.
- It was carried out in 1946 by farmers and workers under the leadership of the Communist Party.
Question 33.
What does British take the various measures against the Pazhassi.
Answer:
- Military camps were set up at strategic places
- New roads were built
- Rice supply to Wayanad was cut off
- A reward was announced for those who nab the participants in the rebellion
Question 34.
Describe the major activities of the national movement in Malabar and the role of important leaders.
Answer:
The national movement was more active in Malabar than in other parts of Kerala. The formation of the Malabar District Congress Committee and the activities of the Home Rule League propelled the national movement forward. The Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements received strong support throughout Malabar.
- As part of the struggle, people boycotted foreign-made goods, courts, schools and other government institutions. The strike witnessed active participation of women and students.
- The prominent leaders during the time were C. Kunhirama Menon, K. Kelappan, U. Gopala Menon, K. P. Kesava Menon, Muhammed Abdur Rahiman Sahib, E. Moidu Moulavi and Moyarath Sankaran.
- When the Salt Satyagraha gathered momentum all over India under the leadership of (iandhiji as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement, its impact was also felt in Kerala.
- The centre of the Salt Satyagraha in Kerala was Payyannur in Malabar.
- The satyagraha was led by K. Kelappan.
Satyagrahis from various parts of Kerala reached the Payyannur beach and participated. Also, under the leadership of Muhammad Abdur Rahman, the Satyagrahis violated the law and made salt on the beach at Kozhikode. The people who gathered there had to suffer the brutal thrashings of the police. The boycott of foreign clothes, picketing of liquor shops and the Khadi campaign were all part of the struggle.
Question 35.
Explain the Paliyam Satyagraha and its significance in the struggle against untouchability in Kerala.
Answer:
The Paliyam Satyagraha (1947-48) was an important protest in Kerala against untouchability. At that time, marginalised communities were not allowed to walk along the road in front of Paliath Achan’s residence in Chennamangalam, Kochi. To oppose this injustice, political parties and community organisations jointly organised the satyagraha. C. Kesavan and other leaders led the protest. The government tried to stop the satyagraha by arresting and torturing the protestors. However, the struggle continued strongly. In 1948, when all the temples in Kochi were opened to people of all castes, the ban on walking along Paliyam Road was finally removed. The satyagraha became a major step towards ending untouchability and ensuring equal rights for everyone in Kerala.
Question 36.
Write a note on Kurichyar Rebellion.
Answer:
- The Kurichyar and Kurumbrar are tribal groups in Wayanad.
- The British considered them enemies after they supported Pazhassi in this rebellion.
Measures the British took against the Kiirichyar and Kurumbrar:
- The tribal people’s tracts of land were seized
- They were not allowed to continue their traditional methods of farming
- The British demanded money instead of goods as tax
The Kurichyar rebellion began in 1812. The tribal people fought against the British by taking control of the routes to Wayanad and by gaining local support. Rama Nambi or Rama Mooppan was their leader. They directly attacked the British army stationed at Sultan Bathery and Mananthavadv. But the British suppressed the Kurichyar rebellion by bringing in more soldiers from other places.
Peasant Discontent – Leads to Rebellion
A series of rebellions broke out in various parts of Malabar in the nineteenth century. William Logan, the Malabar District Collector, recorded in his investigation report that the British government’s tax policies, exploitation and eviction of landlords were the causes of these riots. There was protest and violence by farmers against the exploitative landlords and the British government. Since most of the participants were Mappila farmers of South Malabar, the British authorities and imperial historians referred to these uprisings as the ‘Mappila riots.’
Question 37.
Write a note on the Protest Led by Velu Thampi Dalawa and Paliath Achan against the British.
Answer:
- Velu Thampi was the Dalawa, or Prime Minister of Balarama Varma Maharaja, who ruled
Trava ncore. - In 1805, through an agreement signed between the English East India Company and the King of Travancore marked the end of the political freedom of Travancore.
- The British Resident Macaulay took control of the administration of Travancore.
- He cancelled the orders issued by Velu Thampi, the Dalawa (Prime Minister) of Travancore.
- Macaulay demanded immediate payment of tax arrears to the British company.
- This led to a conflict between Velu Thampi and the British.
- The Prime Minister of Kochi, Paliath Achan, also faced problems with Macaulay.
- Velu Thampi and Paliath Achan made a secret agreement to fight against the British.
- The joint forces of Travancore and Kochi attacked Macaulay’s camp in Kochi, but Macaulay escaped.
- On 11 January 1809, Velu Thampi issued the “Kundara Proclamation” at Kundara in Travancore.
- In this proclamation, he called on the people to fight against British rule.
- The Kundara Proclamation became a symbol of the people’s resistance against the British.
Kochi And Paliath Achan
Paliath Achan had opposed the interference of the British Resident Macaulay in the internal affairs of Kochi. Besides, Macaulay gave shelter to an enemy of Paliath Achan which worsened the situation. Then Paliath Achan joined hands with Velu Thampi and launched a struggle against the British. Although he strongly resisted the British, he was eventually exiled to Madras by them.
Paliath Achan: The heads of the Nair family called Paliyam in the Kochi kingdom were called Paliath Achan. The Paliath Achans held the position of being the Chief of Ministers or the Prime Minister of the Kochi kingdom.
Question 38.
“Social Reformers are those who fought against the irrational customs”. Justify the statement with examples of social reformers with their activities.
Answer:
Question 39.
Describe the Malayali Memorial and the Ezhava Memorial.
Answer:
| Malayali Memorial | Ezhava Memorial |
| Demand for adequate representation of people of Travancore in government jobs in Travancore. | Demand for adequate representation of Ezhava community in government service. |
| On 1 January 1891, a petition signed by the people was submitted to the Maharaja, stating this demand | On 3 September 1986, a petition signed by members of the ezahava community was submitted to the Maharaja |
| Leadership- G.P. Pillai | Leadership-Dr. P. Palpu |
Question 40.
Write a note on struggles for Civil Liberty.
Answer:
Upper Cloth Agitation
- The women of the Channar community of South Travancore did not have the right to wear upper cloth like the women who were considered to be the upper caste.
- The Channar women, who appeared in public places wearing upper cloth with the support of Christian missionaries, were attacked by those who were considered to be the upper caste and their upper cloth was tom off.
- Subsequently, riots broke out in many places in Southern Travancore.
- On July 26, 1859, the Maharaja of Travancore issued a decree removing restrictions on Channar women to wear upper cloth.
Vaikom Satyagraha
- The Vaikom Satyagraha was a major struggle for the freedom of travelling that took place in Kerala when the national movement was gaining strength.
- The people who were considered inferior were not allowed to walk on the approach roads of Vaikom temple. The satyagraha began on March 30, 1924, in protest against this discrimination. This satyagraha was led by T. K. Madhavan, K. Kelappan, K. P. Kesava Menon and others.
- The Vaikom Satyagraha, which attracted national attention, ended with the mediation of Mahatma Gandhi. On November 23, 1925, all the roads on all three sides of the temple (except two lanes leading to the Eastern Gate) were opened to all Hindus.
Guruvayursatyagraha
- The Guruvayur Satyagraha was a movement that demanded all sections of Hindus be allowed to enter the Guruvayur temple.
- The Satyagraha began on 1 November 1931 with the formation of a committee under the leadership of K. Kelappan and Mannath Padmanabhan.
- When the protest intensified, the authorities were forced to close the temple for approximately a month. The volunteer captains of the movement, A. K. Gopalan and P. Krishna Pillai, were brutally beaten by opponents of the Satyagraha.
- When K. Kelappan began a ‘fast unto death’ in front of the temple, many people came from different places to support it. Finally, the fast was ended on the instructions of Gandhiji.
- When the Congress held a plebiscite in Ponnani taluk to ascertain public opinion about the temple entry, the majority of the people supported it.
- In this way, the Guruvayur Satyagraha helped to create a favourable atmosphere for the entry of all sections of Hindus to the temple.
Savarna Jatha
To express solidarity with the Vaikom Satyagraha, a procession was organised from Vaikom to Thiruvananthapuram under the leadership of Mannath Padmanabhan. This is known as the ‘Savama Jatha.’
Pali Yam Satyagraha
- The Paliyam Satyagraha of 1947-48 was another protest in Kerala for the abolition of untouchability.
- The marginalised sections of the people were prohibited from walking on the road in front of the residence of Paliath Achan at Chennamangalam in Kochi.
- The Palyiam Satyagraha was organised by political parties and community organisations in protest against this injustice.
- The government responded with arrests and torture to suppress the satyagraha led by C. Kesavan and others.
- In 1948, when all the temples in Kochi were opened to everyone regardless of caste, restrictions on walking along Paliyam Road were lifted.