A thorough understanding of Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Biology Notes Pdf Chapter 6 Classification Extra Questions and Answers can improve academic performance.
Kerala Syllabus Std 9 Biology Chapter 6 Classification Extra Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Organisms in a Kingdom have a cell wall made of chitin and are mostly decomposers. Identify this kingdom.
Answer:
kingdom Fungi
Question 2.
…………… are prokaryotic organisms that live in extreme environments like hot springs and saline areas.
Answer:
Archaea
Question 3.
Match the following
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Kingdom Bacteria | a. Eukaryotic, autotrophic, and contain cell walls made of cellulose |
| 2. Kingdom Fungi | b. Eukaryotic, single-celled, and live in moist environments |
| 3. Kingdom Protista | c. Prokaryotic have peptidoglycan in their cell walls |
| 4. Kingdom Plantae | d. Eukaryotic decomposers with cell walls made of chitin |
Answer:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Kingdom Bacteria | b. Eukaryotic, single-celled, and live in moist environments |
| 2. Kingdom Fungi | d. Eukaryotic decomposers with cell walls made of chitin |
| 3. Kingdom Protista | c. Prokaryotic have peptidoglycan in their cell walls |
| 4. Kingdom Plantae | a. Eukaryotic, autotrophic, and contain cell walls made of cellulose |
Question 4.
Identify the word pair relationship and fill in the missing word.
a. Kingdom Animalia: Heterotrophic:: Kingdom Plantae:
b. Eukaryotic: Protista:: Prokaryotic:
Answer:
a. Autotrophic
b. Bacteria/Archaea
Question 5.
What is the significance of the cell wall in bacteria, and how does it differ from the cell wall in fungi?
Answer:
The bacterial cell wall is primarily made of peptidoglycan, a complex of sugars and amino acids. It protects the cell from external stress and helps maintain the cell’s shape. The fungal cell wall is made of chitin, a tough, fibrous substance that is also found in the exoskeleton of insects. While both bacterial and fungal cell walls offer protection and structural integrity, the fungal cell wall is not composed of peptidoglycan, which makes it structurally different.
Question 6.
Explain how Carl Woese’s study of Monera led to the distinction between Bacteria and Archaea.
Answer:
Carl Woese’s study of Monera, a group that included all prokaryotic organisms, helped to separate them into two different domains: Bacteria and Archaea. He found that they had important differences in their genetic makeup. Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls and live in many environments, while Archaea have a unique structure in their cell membranes and can survive in extreme conditions, like hot springs or salty lakes.
Woese’s research led to the creation of a new system of classification with three main domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya (which includes all plants, animals, and fungi). This discovery showed that life is more diverse than previously thought.
Question 7.
Observe the figure and answer the following questions.
a) Identify the kingdom under which the given organism belongs.
b) Explain the characteristic features of this kingdom.
c) Site two examples.
Answer:
a) Kingdom Protista
b) Kingdom Protista includes eukaryotic single-celled organisms. They can be plant-like, animal-like or fungi-like organisms that live in aquatic or moist environments. Some of them are parasites.
c) Amoeba, Paramecium
Question 8.
Name the following.
a) The phylum in which animals with jointed appendages and an exoskeleton belong to.
b) In vertebrates, the notochord is replaced by another form in adults.
c) Fishes that have cartilaginous skeletons belong to the class
Answer:
a) Arthropoda
b) Vertebral column
c) Osteichthyes
Question 9.
What is the main function of the cnidoblast in organisms like Hydra and Jellyfish?
Answer:
Anchorage, defence, and it used to grab food.
Question 10.
Observe the picture.
a) Where are they typically found?
b) What is unique about their body structure?
c) Identify the phylum under which these organism belongs to.
Answer:
a) They are aquatic organisms (Usually marine).
b) Their body is soft and covered by a shell made of calcium carbonate.
c) Phylum Mollusca
Question 11.
Identify the word pair relationship and fill in the missing word.
a. Reptilia: Three-chambered heart:: Mammalia:
b. Fins: Pisces:: Limbs:
Answer:
a. Four-chambered heart
b. Tetrapoda
Question 12.
Spot the difference between Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes, providing an example of each.
Answer:
Chondrichthyes are cartilaginous fishes, E.g., Sharks. While Osteichthyes are bony fishes, E.g., Rohu.
Question 13.
Match the following
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| a. Mollusca | 1. Jointed appendages, exoskeleton |
| b. Annelida | 2. Soft-bodied, covered with a calcium carbonate shell |
| c. Arthropoda | 3. Spiny-bodied, marine organisms |
| d. Echinodermata | 4. Segmented body, found in earthworm |
Answer:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| a. Mollusca | 2. Soft-bodied, covered with a calcium carbonate shell |
| b. Annelida | 4. Segmented body, found in earthworm |
| c. Arthropoda | 1. Jointed appendages, exoskeleton |
| d. Echinodermata | 3. Spiny-bodied, marine organisms |
Question 14.
Describe the main characteristics of the subphylum Vertebrata and how they are further classified based on locomotion. Site examples for each.
Answer:
The subphylum Vertebrata includes animals with vertebral column, which is formed by replacing the notochord present during the embryonic stages. Vertebrates are further classified based on their mode of locomotion as follows:
Question 15.
Where are reproductive parts found in angiosperms?
Answer:
Reproductive parts of angiosperms are flowers.
Question 16.
‘As part of the evolutionary process, vascular tissues were begun to seen in plants, w hich are included under the division Pteridophyta’.
a) What is the significance of vascular tissues in plants?
b) How do the vascular tissues in Pteridophyta differ from those in gymnosperms?
Answer:
a) Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, while phloem carries sugars produced during photosynthesis from the leaves to the rest of the plant. This transport is essential for plant growth and energy supply.
b) Pteridophytes have simpler vascular tissues compared to gymnosperms. Gymnosperms have more developed systems that transport water and nutrients more efficiently, but xylem vessels are absent in gymnosperms.
Question 17.
Observe the picture and answer the following.
a) Identify the division under which the given plant group is included.
b) Name the reproductive structures present in them.
c) Why are they referred to as “naked seed-bearing plants”?
Answer:
a) Gymnosperms
b) Cones
c) In gymnosperms, seeds develop on the surface of specialised structures, such as cones, rather than being enclosed within fruits. This means that the seeds are directly exposed to the environment, so they are termed “naked seed-bearing plants”.
Question 18.
Match the following.
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Algae | a. Reproductive parts in flowers, seeds enclosed in fruits |
| 2. Bryophyta | b. Aquatic, body not differentiated into root, stem, and leaves |
| 3. Gymnosperms | c. Seeds not embedded in fruits, cones present |
| 4. Angiosperms | d. Non-vascular, grow in moist areas, reproduce through gametes and spores |
Answer:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Algae | b. Aquatic, body not differentiated into root, stem, and leaves |
| 2. Bryophyta | d. Non-vascular, grow in moist areas, reproduce through gametes and spores |
| 3. Gymnosperms | c. Seeds not embedded in fruits, cones present |
| 4. Angiosperms | a. Reproductive parts in flowers, seeds enclosed in fruits |
Question 19.
Analyze the differences in body structure, reproduction, and vascular systems between the divisions Algae, Bryophyta, and Pteridophvta.
Answer:
| Algae | Bryophyta | Pteridophyte | |
| Body structure | Thallus body not differentiated to root, stem and leaves | Root-like, stem-like, leaf -like structures are present | Formation of leaves, stem, root started |
| Reproduction | Sexual and asexual | Through gametes and spores | Mainly through spores |
| Vascular system | Absent | Absent | Simple vascular tissues are present |
| Examples | Spirogyra, Sargassum | Riccia, Funaria | Lycopodium, Pteris |
Question 20.
What is the importance of assigning scientific names to organisms?
Answer:
Scientific names help in identifying organisms uniquely and globally.
Question 21.
Match the following.
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| a. Sandracottus vijayakumari | 1. Vagamon |
| b. Litsea vagamonica | 2. Kollam coastal area |
| c. Brucethoa ISRO | 3. Nelliyampathy forest range |
Answer:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| a. Sandracottus vijayakumari | 1. Vagamon |
| b. Litsea vagamonica | 2. Kollam coastal area |
| c. Brucethoa ISRO | 3. Nelliyampathy forest range |
Question 22.
The outer protein coat of a virus is called a ………….
Answer:
Capsid
Question 23.
Why are viruses not affected by antibiotics?
Answer:
Viruses are not affected by antibiotics because they are different from bacteria. Antibiotics target specific parts of bacteria, like their cell walls or the way they make proteins. However, viruses do not have cells or these parts, so antibiotics cannot work on them. Viruses reproduce by entering a host cell and using the cell’s machinery to multiply. Antibiotics are not able to attack viruses inside these host cells because they are designed to target bacteria only. Therefore, antibiotics do not work on viruses because viruses lack the structures that antibiotics target.
Question 24.
‘Classification has an impact on all areas, such as characteristics of organisms, ecological interactions, biological evolution, biodiversity conservation, and biotechnology’.
a. Name the most modern technology for classifying organisms.
b. What is an evolutionary tree?
c. DNA barcoding classifies organisms by comparing ……………. of DNA.
Answer:
a) DNA barcoding
b) An evolutionary tree is used to illustrate the evolutionary relationship between different organisms.
c) Molecular sequences/codes