Kerala Plus One Economics Question Paper June 2022 with Answers

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Kerala Plus One Economics Previous Year Question Paper June 2022

Time: 2½ Hours
Total Scores: 80
Cool-off time: 15 Minutes

A. Answer any 10 questions from 1 to 12. Each carries 1 Score. (10 × 1 = 10)

Question 1.
Which among the following is a social infrastructure?
(a) Roads
(b) Health System
(c) Power Stations
(d) Railways
Answer:
(b) Health System

Question 2.
Identify the factor responsible for land degradation.
(a) Deforestation
(b) Proper Crop Rotation
(c) Organic Farming
(d) Well Managed Irrigation
Answer:
(a) Deforestation

Question 3.
Pre-testing of the questionnaire is known as
(a) Sample Survey
(b) Population
(c) Census
(d) Pilot Survey
Answer:
(d) Pilot Survey

Question 4.
Which average is affected most by the presence of extreme items?
(a) Median
(b) Mode
(c) Arithmetic Mean
(d) Standard Deviation
Answer:
(c) Arithmetic Mean

Question 5.
Which among the following countries has the highest urbanization?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Pakistan
Answer:
(b) China

Question 6.
The range of simple correlation coefficients is
(a) Zero to Infinity
(b) -1 to +1
(c) Zero
(d) +1 to +2
Answer:
(b) -1 to +1

Question 7.
Dadabhai Naoroji was associated with
(a) Sen Index
(b) Jail Cost of Living
(c) Poverty Gap Index
(d) Squared Poverty Gap
Answer:
(b) Jail Cost of Living

Question 8.
Population classified based on gender is an example of
(a) Quantitative Classification
(b) Qualitative Classification
(c) Chronological Classification
(d) Spatial Classification
Answer:
(b) Qualitative Classification

Question 9.
Which among the following facilitates the institutions that come under the health sector?
(a) AICTE
(b) UGC
(c) ICMR
(d) NCERT
Answer:
(c) ICMR

Question 10.
A consumer price index measures changes in
(a) Retail Price
(b) Wholesale Price
(c) Producer Price
(d) Share Price
Answer:
(a) Retail Price

Question 11.
Which among the following is known as the World Bank?
(a) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
(b) Bank of England (BoE)
(c) Asian Development Bank (ADB)
(d) International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
Answer:
(d) International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

Question 12.
The most important characteristics of India’s foreign trade under the British Colonial rule was
(a) Large Export Surplus
(b) Large Export Deficit
(c) Large Export of Capital Goods
(d) Large Import of Raw Materials
Answer:
(a) Large Export Surplus

Answer any 6 questions from 13 to 21. Each carries 2 scores. (6 × 2 = 6)

Question 13.
Distinguish between sample survey and census.
Answer:
Sample Survey: Under this method, information is collected from small representative groups. This method is very convenient when the area under study is large.
Census: Under this method, data is collected from all units under study, it is a complete enumeration.

Question 14.
Mention the Aims of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Answer:
World Trade Organisation is an International Organisation designed to perform the role of an effective controller of International trade. It is designed to perform the following functions/objectives.

• To establish a rule-based trade regime.
• To enlarge production and trade of services.
• To remove tariff and non-tariff barriers.
• To provide greater market access for all countries.

Question 15.
What do you mean by jobless growth?
Answer:
It is expected that growth in GDP will generate new employment opportunities. But in certain circumstances, there will be growth but this growth never results in employment creation. This situation is known as jobless growth.

Question 16.
List any 4 steps towards making a project.
Answer:
Conducting a study on a serious issue involves certain steps.

• Identifying a problem or an area of study
• Selection of target group or sample area
• Collecting data
• Organization and presentation of data
• Analysis and Interpretation
• Conclusion
• Bibliography

Question 17.
Mention any two uses of the Index number.
Answer:
Index numbers are constructed to understand certain important socio-economic issues. It is used to

• To know the trends in the general price level (CPI)
• It is used to formulate Income Policy

Question 18.
What do you mean by continuous variable? Give two examples.
Answer:
Variables are of two types, they are

• Continuous Variable
• Discrete Variable

Continuous Variable: A variable that can take any numerical value is known as a continuous variable.
eg: Height, Weight

Question 19.
List the goals of five-year plans in India.
Answer:
India implemented five-year plans from 1951 onwards. Plans implemented to achieve some important goals. They are:

• Attainment of economic growth
• Modernization of economy
• Attainment of self-reliance
• To attain equity

Question 20.
Classify the following into absolute and relative measures of dispersion:
Range, Coefficient of Variation, Coefficient of Range, Standard Deviation
Answer:
Measures of dispersion can be classified into two. They are absolute measures and relative measures.
Absolute Measures

• Range
• Standard Deviation

Relative Measures

• Coefficient of Variation
• Coefficient of Range

Question 21.
List any two livelihood options for the rural people other than agriculture.
Answer:
As we know still Indian rural population still largely depends on agriculture, but we have some other options:

• Animal Husbandry
• Fisheries
• Horticulture

Answer any 5 questions from 22 to 28. Each carries 3 scores. (5 × 3 = 15)

Question 22.
Elucidate the role of Statistics in Economics.
Answer:
Statistics plays a vital role in economics. Many complicated economic aspects can be easily understood with the help of statistical tools.
The uses of statistics in economics are given below:

• To present complex economic facts in a precise and definite form.
• Helps to condense mass data into a few numerical measures.
• Helps to establish relationships between different economic variables.
• It helps to make predictions.
• It is used as a policy tool and analytical instrument in many public policies.

Question 23.
Mention any three points one should keep in mind while preparing a questionnaire for data collection.
Answer:
An investigator must be very careful while formulating a questionnaire because it affects the quality of the data. Here we have certain important points that must be followed when one prepares a questionnaire.

• It should not be too long.
• Questions should be very easy to understand.
• Questions should be neatly arranged.
• Questions should be precise and clear.
• Questions should not be ambiguous.
• Questions never lead to answers.

Question 24.
Prepare a short note on the Green Revolution.
Answer:
The green revolution is an innovative practice introduced in Indian agriculture. It aims to rectify some weaknesses of our agriculture sector prevailed then. It aims to increase production through the use of high-yield variety seeds, chemical fertilizer, chemical pesticides, improved irrigation facilities, and timely adoption of modern technologies in agriculture. It has two phases, phase one starts from 1965 to 1975, and the second phase starts from 1975 to 1985. This program was a big success as it resulted in a sharp increase in agriculture production and productivity and helped us to attain self-sufficiency in food production, but it is not free from criticism. Critics point out that this revolution was limited to very few crops and small regions.

Question 25.
Calculate Range and Coefficient of Range:

Class	Frequency
0 – 10	2
10 – 20	4
20 – 30	8
30 – 40	3
40 – 50	1

Answer:
Range = Large Value – Small Value
Here large value is 50.
The small value is zero.
So Range = 50 – 0 = 50
Coefficient of Range = \(\frac{L-S}{L+S}=\frac{50-0}{50+0}=\frac{50}{50}\) = 1

Question 26.
Mention any three issues in the construction of index numbers.
Answer:
Index numbers are a very important statistical tool used in economic analysis. A proper index number will give us a correct and real picture of the problem under consideration. However, it is not easy to construct a perfect index number. So proper care should be given during the construction of the index number. Some of them are given below.

• The purpose of the Index should be very clear.
• Items to be included in the Index number should be selected carefully.
• The base year should be as normal as possible.
• It should have a proper formula.

Question 27.
Classify the following economic activities into the primary sector, secondary sector, and service sector:
(a) Electricity, Gas and Water Supply
(b) Agriculture
(c) Trade
(d) Construction
(e) Transport and Storage
(f) Manufacturing
Answer:
An economy is divided into three sectors, and all economic activities include any one of these three sectors. Here the given items can be classified in this manner.

• Primary Sector – Agriculture
• Secondary Sector – Electricity, Gas, Water Supply
• Service Sector – Transport and Storage, Trade

Question 28.
Construct a Pie diagram from the following data:

Materials used for the construction of a building	Cost of material in percentage
Cement	30
Bricks	40
M Sand	20
Miscellaneous	10

Answer:

Answer any 3 questions from 29 to 33. Each carries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 29.
Elucidate positive correlation, negative correlation, perfect positive correlation, and perfect negative correlation with the help of a scatter diagram.
Answer:
A scatter diagram is a simple but useful technique for visually examining the type of relationship between two variables.
1. Positive Correlation

When the plotted points show a rising trend from the lower left-hand corner to the upper right-hand corner and if they are very closely held together, this type of association is known as positive correlation.

2. Negative Correlation

Here the plotted points show a falling trend from the upper level-hand corner to the lower right-hand corner.

3. Perfect Positive Correlation

Here the plotted points lie on a straight line rising from the lower left-hand corner to the upper right-hand corner.

4. Perfect Negative Correlation

Here the points lie on a straight line falling from the upper left-hand corner to the lower right-hand corner.

Question 30.
Explain the causes of stagnation in the Indian agriculture sector under British Colonial rule.
Answer:
The agriculture sector in India was stagnant during the British period because of the following reasons.

• Defective land revenue settlement system
• Low levels of technology
• Lack of Irrigation facilities
• Negligible use of fertilizer

Question 31.
(a) Distinguish between the inclusive form of class interval and the exclusive form of class interval.
(b) Identify the type of class interval from the following.

Answer:
(a) Exclusive Method: When the class intervals are so fixed that the upper limit of one class is the lower limit of the next class, it is known as the exclusive method.
Inclusive Method: When the upper-class limit is included in the class itself, it is called the inclusive method.
(b) Inclusive

• 0 – 10
• 11 – 20
• 21 – 30
• 31 – 40

Exclusive

• 0 – 10
• 10 – 20
• 20 – 30
• 30 – 40

Question 32.
Explain the development strategies adopted by China.
Answer:
China adopted some measures to achieve its development goals. They are as follows:

• A responsibility system was introduced in farming instead of a commune system.
• Private initiative and private enterprise were encouraged.
• State-owned enterprises were made to face competition.
• Foreign investment was allowed and encouraged. This policy attracted multinational corporations to China.
• Special economic zones were set up to attract FDI.

Question 33.
Mention the four measures that were initiated to improve the agricultural marketing system in India.
Answer:
India implemented certain measures to improve the agriculture marketing system.
Some of the important measures are given below.

• Regulation of the market to create orderly and transparent marketing conditions.
• Provision of physical infrastructure facilities.
• Cooperative marketing.
• Introduction of minimum support price.
• Creation of buffer stock.

Answer any 3 questions from 34 to 38. Each carries 5 scores. (3 × 5 = 15)

Question 34.
Analyze the sources of human capital formation in India.
Answer:
Human Capital formation is an important process in any nation in the world, without which development is almost impossible. India tries to attain this through the following ways.
1. Education: Educated population is a very important part of

• Raises the quality of life
• Enhances productivity
• Raises social status
• It leads to innovation

2. Health: A healthy population contributes much to the development of a nation. So all nations in the world give much importance to health care. It includes

• Preventive medicines
• Curative medicines
• Social medicine
• Provision of clean drinking water
• Provision for sanitation facilities

3. On-Job Training: The provision of on-job training will help to enhance individual ability and it would increase the productivity of a person.

4. Migration: Migration is an important way through which people can earn more and be familiar with novel ideas and concepts. Migration and its benefits are visible in India and it also plays a crucial role in Kerala’s development.

5. Information: Proper information about education, employment, and healthcare are very important. Expenditure on such information is regarded as an investment in human capital.

Question 35.
Calculate the Standard Deviation and Co-efficient of Variation from the following:
10, 12, 14, 13, 16
Answer:

Question 36.
Prepare a note on sources of energy.
Answer:
Energy sources can be broadly classified into two. They are:

1. Commercial Energy
2. Non-Commercial Energy

Commercial energy is used for commercial purposes.
Coal, petroleum products, natural gas, and electricity are used for commercial activities.
Firewood, agricultural waste, and dried animal dung are non-commercial energy sources.
Energy can also be classified into conventional and non-conventional energy.
Examples of conventional energy sources are coal, petroleum, and electricity.
Examples of non-conventional energy sources are solar energy, wind, tides, waves, and biogas.

Question 37.
Draw ‘less than’ ogive and ‘more than’ ogive from the following data:

Class	Frequency
0 – 10	5
10 – 20	10
20 – 30	15
30 – 40	20
40 – 50	10
50 – 60	10

Answer:

Question 38.
Explain the tax reforms and financial sector reforms as a part of liberalization policy measures introduced in India during the 1990s.
Answer:
India implemented economic reforms in 1991, these reforms included many areas, some of the important areas that come under the new economic policy are given below.
(a) Tax Reforms: Tax reforms were introduced as a part of liberalization and economic reform.
Important tax reforms are the following:

• Reduction in Personal Income Tax
• Reduction in Corporation Tax
• Reduction in Excise Duty
• Reduction in Customs Duty

(b) Financial Sector Reforms: The financial sector includes institutions dealing in banking, insurance, investment banking, capital market operations, and foreign exchange operations.
Important financial sector reforms are:

• Liberalized bank branch licensing.
• Allowed new generation private banks and foreign banks.
• Deregulated deposit and lending rates.
• Reduced CRR and SLR.
• Allowed insurance business in the private sector.
• Liberalized the operation of the capital market.
• Allowed mutual fund operations in the private sector.
• Foreign institutional investors were allowed to invest in the Indian capital market.

Answer any 2 questions from 39 to 41. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 39.
Analyze the strategies for sustainable development.
Answer:
Strategies for sustainable development focus on the prevention of environmental degradation by limiting the demands on environmental resources. This strategy includes the use of non-conventional sources of energy adoption of traditional knowledge and practices, organic farming, etc.
(a) Use of Non-Conventional Sources of Energy: This would reduce the damage to the environment due to excess use of conventional energy sources. This strategy includes

• Use of LPG, Gobar gas in rural areas
• Use of CNG in an urban area
• Use of wind energy
• Use of solar energy
• Constructing mini hydel projects

(b) Traditional Knowledge and Practices: This would help us to reduce the use of hazardous chemical substances. Through this, we can minimize the environmental damage.
eg: Herbs can be used in the preparation of soaps, shampoos, and creams.

(c) Organic Farming: This farming method is eco-friendly. Following this farming method would help to improve the quality of the environment.

(d) Biopest Control: Through this, we can avoid the use of hazardous chemical pesticides.
Adoption of all these above-mentioned things would help us to attain the goal of sustainable development.

Question 40.
Calculate Mean and Median from the following:

Class	Frequency
0 – 20	2
20 – 40	6
40 – 60	16
60 – 80	10
80 – 100	6

Answer:

Question 41.
India adopted a three-dimensional approach to poverty alleviation.
(a) Analyze the programs towards poverty alleviation.
(b) Critically assess these poverty alleviation programs.
Answer:
Poverty is a major challenge faced by the Indian economy. To reduce poverty government has implemented certain measures. It includes

• Self-employment and Wage Employment Programmes
• Food Security Programmes
• Social Security Programmes

I. Self-employment and Wage Employment Programmes
Some of the important self-employment and wage employment programs for poverty alleviation are given below.

• Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY): It is the most important self-employment program for poverty alleviation. It was started on April 1, 1999. Now it is known as the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), the National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM)was also started for the urban poor.
• Prime Minister’s rfozgar Yojana: It focuses on educated unemployment. Through this government provides financial assistance for self-employment to persons from low-income groups.
• Rural Employment Generation Programme: This program aims at creating self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. This program is being implemented by the Khadi and Village industries.
• Swarnajayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana: It is both a self-employment and wage employment programme, focussed on urban areas.
• Jawahar Rozgar Yojana: It aims to provide gainful employment to the unemployed in rural areas.
• Nehru Rozgar Yojana: It aims to provide gainful employment to the unemployed in urban areas.
• National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme: The base of NREGP is the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act of 2005. It guaranteed wage employment to those who are ready to work. Employment is guaranteed for 100 days in a year at a minimum wage rate. Now this program renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme.
• National Food for Work program
• Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana

II. Food Securing Programmes
Food security has the most important role in a nation like India where 28% of its population lives below the poverty line. Following are the food security programs implemented in India.

• Public Distribution System: This system provides food grains at subsidized rates through ration shops.
• Integrated Child Development Scheme: Under this scheme mothers and children below six are given food assistance.
• Mid-Day Meals at Schools: Under this program, children are given free cooked meals in schools.
• Annapoorna Scheme: Through this poor senior citizens can have 10 kg of food grains free of cost. Senior citizens who do not get old-age pensions are eligible.
• Antyodaya Anna Yojana: It targets very poor families. Food grains are given at highly subsidized rates under this scheme.

III. Social Security Programmes
Programs for the informal employment sector are given below.

• Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana: Provides insurance protection to the workmen employed in informal occupations.
• Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme: It gives Rs. 500 to each member aged 65 and above belonging to the BPL family.
• Rashtriya Swastika Bima Yojana: This provides health insurance to members of the BPL family.
• Atal Pension Yojana: This program was intended to provide pensions in the unorganized sector for the age group of 18-40.
• Janasree Bima Yojana: Insurance protection program for BPL families.
• Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana: This is a life insurance program with a very low cost. Persons with bank accounts in the age group 18-50 are eligible.
• Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana: It provides accidental death cum disability cover of Rs. 2 lakh for a premium of only Rs. 12 per year.
• National Social Assistance Programme: This program provides pensions to the elderly poor who do not have anyone to look after them. Widows and poor women are also covered by this scheme.

Critical Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes

• Resources allocated for various programs are not sufficient.
• The implementing agencies are inefficient and corrupt.
• Programmes suffer from leakages.
• Benefits of some programs have been appropriated by the non-poor.