Kerala Plus One Political Science Question Paper June 2022 with Answers

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus One Political Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf June 2022 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus One Political Science Previous Year Question Paper June 2022

From questions 1 to 11 answer for 16 Scores. (16)

Question 1.
Members of Rajya Sabha are elected for a term of years. (4, 5, 6)
Answer:
6

Question 2.
Identify the agency which conducts elections to local self-governments in India.
(a) Election Commission of India
(b) State Election Commission
(c) Local Self Government Department
Answer:
(b) State election commission

Question 3.
Which of the following is the book of Nelson Mandela?
(a) Freedom from fear
(b) Long walk to freedom
(c) The Satanic verses
Answer:
(b) Long walk to freedom

Question 4.
The concept ‘Veil of ignorance’ is presented by ______ .
(a) J.S. Mill
(b) Plato
(c) John Rawls (1)
Answer:
(c) John Rawls

Question 5.
The German Philosopher who glorified war
(Friedrich Nietzsche, Walter Benjamin, Immanuel Kant)
Answer:
Friedrich Nietzsche

Question 6.
Give the expansion of UNDP (1)
Answer:
United Nations Development Programme

Question 7.
Complete the flow chart: (2)

Answer:
Central services, State services

Question 8.
Complete the flow chart: (2)

Answer:
Appellate, Advisory/write

Question 9.
Arrange the following items in the appropriate columns:
(Agriculture, Defence, Education, Banking, Prison, Forest)

Union list	State list	Concurrent list

Answer:

Union list	State list	Concurrent list
Defence, Banking	Agriculture, Prison	Education, forest

Question 10.
Match the following:
First Past the Post – Britain Fundamental Rights – USA Quasi Federal Form – Canadian Directive Principles – Irish

A	B
First Past the Post	USA
Fundamental Rights	Britain
Quasi Federal Form	Irish
Directive Principles	Canadian

Answer:

A	B
First Past the Post	Britain
Fundamental Rights	USA
Quasi Federal Form	Canadian
Directive Principles	Irish

Question 11.
Fill in appropriate columns:
(Right to vote, Reasonable conditions of work, Right to adequate wage, Right to contest election.) (4)

Political Rights	Economic Rights

Answer:

Political Rights	Economic Rights
Right to vote	Reasonable condition of work
Right to contest election	Right to adequate wages

Answer any four questions from 12 to 18. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 12.
Explain any three functions of Constitution.
Answer:

1. Constitution allows co-ordination and assurance
2. Specification of decision making power
3. Limitations on the power of government
4. Aspirations and goals of a society
5. Fundamental identity of the people (Any three points may be considered)

Question 13.
Find out the three reasons behind the adoption of the First Past Post System in India.
Answer:

1. First Past Post System is a simple system of election without any complexities.
2. The voter had the right to elect any candidate for his choice.
3. The First Past Post System is suitable for a vast country like India.

Question 14.
Write any three discretionary powers of President of India.
Answer:

1. Send back the advice given by the council of ministers for reconsideration.
2. Veto power – Withhold or refuse a bill
3. Appointment of the Prime Minister, when no party claims clear majority in Lok Sabha

Question 15.
Why do we need two houses of Parliament in India? Explain.
Answer:

1. Large size and diversity of the country
2. Representation of all geographical areas
3. Possible to have every decision reconsidered

Question 16.
Identify any three differences between Western Secularism and Indian Secularism.
Answer:

1. Indian Secularism
   • State supported religions reforms
   • Religious freedom to minorities
   • State gives financial aid to religion
2. Western secularism
   • Complete separation of state and religion
   • Absence of state intervention in religious matters
   • Less attention to community based rights.

Question 17.
Explain any three forms of Structural Violence.
Answer:

1. Untouchability: The traditional caste system treated certain groups of people as asprisya or untouchable. The practice of untouchability leads to social exclusion and deprivation of one section of society.
2. Patriarchal society: Patriarchy entails a form social organization that results in the systematic subordination and discrimination against women. Racism: Racism and communalism involve the stigmatization and oppression of an entire racial group or community.

Question 18.
Discuss the Social Cost of Development.
Answer:
The social costs of development are quite high. Because of the construction of huge dams, industrial works, mining and such other things many people had to be sent away from their abodes and they had to be rehabilitated elsewhere. Because of the loss of their homes and land, the people lose their means of livelihood and poverty is the result. They lose their traditional job skills. They also lose their cultural moorings. For example, for the development of the Kannur airport many families had to be evacuated.

Answer any four questions from 19 to 24. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 19.
Write the article in the Indian Constitution which deals with amendment procedure. Explain the three methods of amendment procedure of Indian Constitution.
Answer:

1. Article 368 of the constitution
2. Simple majority – eg: formation of new states and formation and dissolving of state legislative councils etc.
3. Special majority – eg: fundamental rights, directive principles.
4. Special majority + majority of not less than half of the state legislative assemblies eg. Selection of president, Executive powers of the center and states etc.

Question 20.
Identify the importance of studying Political Theory.
Answer:
We study the following in political theory:
a) Political theory handles ideas and principles that formulate the Constitution, government and social life.
b) It examines the importance of ideas like Rule of Law, Division of Authority and Judicial Review.
c) It explains the meaning of freedom, equality, democracy and secularism.
d) It also discusses the origin of government, development, formation, activities, the relations between people and the government and people’s rights and responsibilities.

Question 21.
Explain differences between negative liberty and positive liberty.
Answer:
Freedom means free from all kinds of control. If this is put into practice, there will be jungle law which is might is right. The strong will dominate the weak and the strongest man will have to be revered by all in the society. Since this negative concept of freedom is not acceptable, the nation has to control freedom. The positive concept of freedom is the removal of obstacles. Negative freedom will lead the nation to an undesirable state. Positive freedom will help in the progress of the nation and the protection of the rights of all individuals.

Question 22.
What is equality? Identify three dimensions of equality
Answer:
Equality is the situation where everybody gets the same rights. Equality wants all persons to be equal before the law and everybody should be given the same kind of legal protection.

a) Political Equality : To ensure political equality in a society, people should have the opportunities to take part in active politics. Only if they have the right – to play their role in the affairs the nation, there will be political equality there. They should have following rights:

1. To participate in the election of the government.
2. To contest in the elections.
3. The right to hold public office.
4. The right to creatively criticise the government through the print and electronic media and through speeches.
5. The right to criticise the government using any legal medium.
6. The right to form political parties.

b) Economic Equality: The meaning of Economic Equality is that all citizens must be able to enjoy the nation’s resources equally. This is important for the eradication of poverty. To achieve Economic Equality, the following should be ensured:

1. Make circumstances so that all citizens can earn their livelihood.
2. All citizens should have enough income to meet their needs.
3. There should be no gross inequality in wealth in the society.
4. There should be no economic exploitation of man by man.
5. The distribution of the means of production and wealth should be controlled, aiming at the welfare of all in the society.

c) Social Equality : This means that all in the society have equal social status. Nobody should have special rights. All should have opportunities to develop their personality. In short, nobody should be given any special consideration in name of caste, religion, race or riches. The Human Rights Declaration by the UN is good for ensuring social equality.

Question 23.
Explain the concept of Justice. Identify three Principles of Justice.
Answer:
Justice means equal consideration to all individuals in society. Justice implies that equal opportunity and equal treatment irrespective of caste, colour, creed, sex and place of birth. The three principle of justice are:
a) Equal treatment for Equals
b) Proportionate Justice
c) Recognition of special needs

Question 24.
All citizens may be granted equal rights, but all may not be able to equally exercise them. Explain this with conditions of slum dwellers and tribal people.
Answer:
The issuing conditions of Slum dwellers and tribal people are very pathetic, even all citizens may be granted equal rights.
Poor conditions of rooms, lack of toilets, water facility. Lack of proper sanitation and insecurity are the problem of slum dwellers. Absence of proper education and medical facilities, poor living conditions, social stigma, Alcoholism etc. are the problems of the tribal community.

Answer any four questions from 25 to 30. Each carries 5 scores. (4 × 5 = 20)

Question 25.
Indian election system have many drawbacks. Give your suggestions to reform the electoral system in India.
Answer:
The major suggestions to reform the electoral system of India are:-
a) Change First Past Post System to Proportional Representation System
b) More women representation in elections
c) Control the use of money in elections
d) The role of caste, religion in elections may be restricted.
e) Ban the excessive involvement of criminals from politics

Question 26.
A bill has to pass through various stages before it becomes a law. Explain the law making procedure in Indian Parliament.
Answer:
Legislative Procedure in India: The procedure for passing the bills in the Parliament is explained in articles 107 to 122. According to that each bill has to pass through 5 phases including 3 readings in the Houses.

a) First Reading : This is the presentation of the bill. After getting the permission of the House, a member presents the bill with a statement. If the bill faces opposition, the one who presented the bill and the one objecting it is given opportunity to explain their stands. If the majority votes in favour of the Bill, it is published in the Government Gazette. If the bill is not very controversial, there is a precedent that there is no discussion in the first reading.

b) Second Reading : This is the 2nd phase. At this stage, all the important points of the bill are discussed. The presenter will ask the House to consider it urgently. Or he may request the bill to be sent to a Select Committee or a Joint Committee of both the Houses for consideration. He may also ask the bill to be circulated for getting public opinion. Normally the bill is sent to a Select Committee.

c) The Committee Stage : This is the 3rd stage. The members to this Committee are appointed by the House. The Committee Chairman decides the time, date and venue of the meeting. The Select Committee will have members from the Opposition. The Members study the bill clause by clause and prepares a report to be presented in the House.

d) Report Stage : This is the 4th stage. The presenter asks the House to discuss the bill on the day it is scheduled for discussion. The Report may be unanimous or with differences in opinion. In the light of the Report, the House discusses each condition in the bill. This discussion may, take quite some time. Each item in the bill is discussed extensively and then it is put to vote. During this time serious changes may happen in the bill and therefore this is the most crucial stage.

e) Third Reading : This is the last stage. On the appointed day the bill is presented in the House for final approval. No serious change is brought at this stage. Changes may be orally presented and quickly resolved. At the end of the discussion ‘ the bill is put to vote. If the bill receives favourable vote from the majority of members present and voting, the bill is deemed to have passed. Then the bill is sent to the second House.

Question 27.
Indian Judiciary is considered as independent and impartial. Discuss the provisions which ensures the Independence of Judiciary in India.
Answer:
The following are the major provisions to ensure the independence of judiciary in India.

1. Appointment of Judges
2. Fixed tenure
3. Absence of financial interdependence
4. Protection from criticism
5. Independence of judiciary from executive and legislature

Question 28.
Explain the major features of 73rd Constitutional Amendment.
Answer:
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment made Panchayati Raj Constitutional.

1. It brought a 3-tier system by having Village-Block- District level Panchayats in all the States.
2. The block level can be avoided if the State has less than 20 lakh population.
3. The Grama Sabha Concept is also included in the Amendment.
4. The Chairmen of the Block Panchayat and Zila Parishad will be elected by the concerned Panchayat members.
5. The local MLAs and MPs will be ex-officio members of the tjilock Panchayat.
6. The Chairman of the Grama Sabha will be elected as per the law approved by the State Government.
7. Based on the population of the place, in all the 3 levels there will be proportionate representation forSCs and STs.

One-third of the seats are reserved for ladies. Proportionate to the population, some Chairmen should be SCs and STs.

1. One-third of the chairmen will be ladies.
2. Reservations are by rotation,
3. The duration for all Panchayat Raj Institutions is 5 years. After dissolution, elections must be done within 6 months and new. committees are to be formed.
4. The Act makes provision for the appointment of an independent State Election Commission, o- It is the Governor who appoints the State Election Commission.

The Act also makes provision for the appointment of a Financial Commission once in 5 years to look into the financial status of the Panchayats and give the Government suggestions.

Question 29.
Explain the factors wNch conffibute the development of nationalism.
Answer:
Nationalism is an emotional and spiritual power that unifies all factors of the political theory prevalent in the nation. The nationalism we see in India is unity in diversity. Factors that nourish Nationalism:

a) Shared Beliefs: It is some beliefs that help the ‘ formation of a nation. Nation is not a concrete thing like a building, river or forest that we can see and touch. Nation is a concept built around certain beliefs of the people. When we say that a people are a nation, we do not mean their physical behaviour. Nation is a vision and a collective fellowship of people who wish to have their own separate identity. It is like a group of a team. They work for a common goal in a common fellowship. A nation can exist only as long as the people are deeply rooted in unity.

b) History: A people who consider themselves as a nation have a sense of a continuous historical existence. It is something that they can look back with pride and look forward to with hope. They have a common history based collective memories, legends and historical documents. Thus they acquire individuality as a nation. We can take our Indian nationalist leaders as examples. We point out our ancient civilization, cultural heritage and other past achievements, thus making a unique identify of our own.

c) Territory: Territory is another essential aspect of a nation. A nation has a separate area of land. There people will have lived together for long, shared their past, bringing a common identity to them. It helps them to think that they are one nation. That is why they can talk about their own country of birth.

d) Shared political ideals: Apart from the sense of a common history and some territory of their own, the people of a nation are persuaded to think of unity because of their common vision and goal for the future. They have some ideals quite peculiar to them and these also make a nation different from others.

e) Common Political Identity: Many people think that just because individuals have a common political vision regarding the society and the government, they can’t form a nation. They feel that something like a common language or common heredity is necessary to have the drive to form a nation. A common language or a common religion might bring about a common cultural identity. When people celebrate the same feasts on the Same day and actively take part in the festivities, they feel some kind of unity. But it is possible that in a democratic set up and democratic values, too much of religion may prove a threat.

Question 30.
Explain the major criticisms levelled against Indian Secularism.
Answer:
“Criticism of Indian Secularism”.
a) Anti-Reliaious: Some people argue that secularism is anti-religious. The reason for this belief is the fact that secularism is against the dominance of established powerful religions. But this and anti-religion are quite different. Some people also argue that secularism is a threat to individual’s religion. This also is wrong. Secularism nourishes religious freedom. It is not a threat to a person’s religion or his beliefs. But secularism is against certain questionable practices like propagating violence, intolerance and fanaticism. Secularism encourages the good things in religion but opposes the bad things.

b) Western Import: Another criticism is that Indian secularism is related to Christianity. It means secularism is something Western and it is inappropriate with Indian circumstances. This s a strange argument. Don’t we see thousands of things around us which are not Indian?

If people say that when a country is secular it should have its own goal it is good and relevant. Western secularism came as a challenge to the religious leaders who tried to control the social and political matters of the nation. Then how can it be said that Western secularism is connected to Christianity? Moreover Western secularism asks religion and government to keep their hands off each other. For the idea of separating the state form religion, different societies give different interpretations. A secular government keeps a respectable distance from religion. It is done to maintain peace among different communities. At the same time the government will interfere for the protection of minority rights.

c) Minoritism: This is another criticism that is levelled against Indian secularism. It is true that Indian secularism stands for the rights of minorities. Let’s look at this example: 4 people are travelling in a train. One wants to smoke. Another person objects. The other two are smokers and so they keep quiet. So there is a problem. If a decision is to be taken democratically, and the matter put to vote, the person objecting to smoking will lose. It may look just. But is it just if we look from the angle of the person who objected to smoking? He may be allergic to smoke. Here the voting system does not work. Here the right of minority should be protected.

d) Vote Bank Politics: Another criticism is that Indian secularism encourages vote bank politics. From experience, this criticism is not fully unjustified. It has to be assessed correctly. It is natural that in a democracy politicians seek votes. It is part of their work. They might give some promises to get the votes of certain sections. There is no point in blaming them for that. The real question is why they seek the votes.

It is for selfish interests? Is it for getting into power? Or is it because of their desire to do something for the welfare of certain sections? If the politicians win after getting the votes of some sections and if they fail to do something for them, they will accuse the politicians. In fact if politicians seek the minority votes and win and if they do something for the welfare of the minorities, it should be seen as the success of secularism. One of the goals of secularism is protecting the rights of the minorities.

e) Inerventionist: Critics argue that Indian secularism has a controlling nature and it interferes in the religious freedom of various communities. This is a wrong interpretation of Indian secularism. It is true that Indian secularism does not deny the idea that government should not interfere in religious matters. But it does not approve over-interference in religious affairs. Indian secularism keeps a principled-distance from ‘ religion. This means government may or may not interfere in religious affairs. This interference is not by the use of force. t

f) Impossible Project: Critics say that it is difficult for people with so much of religious differences to live together in peace and therefore secularism is impractical and thus invalid. This is a wrong argument. The history of Indian civilization and that of the Ottoman Empire show that peaceful co-existence is possible even with different religions. Indian secularism has become a model for other countries to emulate. The effects of globalization have helped here. With increased globalization there has been an increased migration of people all over the world. From the ex-colonies people migrated into the Western world. This made religious diversities become strong in Europe, America and some parts of West Asia.

Answer any two questions from 31 to 33. Each carnes 8 scores.

Question 31.
Most of the democratic countries provide a list of rights in their constitution. Describe the Fundamental Rights guaranteed to Indian Citizens.
Answer:
Fundamental Rights
a) Right to Equality: This is the basic tenet of the Indian Constitution. It has been made dear in the Preamble itself. In the past, there was no equality in the Indian society. So the Right to Equality is j very important. About the Right to Equality there are clear statements in the 3rd chapter, Articles between 14 and 18. The Right to Equality include the following:

1. Equality before Law, Equal Protection of Laws
2. Protection from Discrimination
3. Equality of Opportunity in employment
4. Eradication of Untouchability
5. Non-award of Titles

b) Right to Freedom

1. Right to talk freely and to express one’s opinion
2. Right to caINto attend meetings
3. Right to organize
4. Right to travel
5. Right to have shelter
6. Right to work, trade, commerce and industry
7. Protection from undue punishment
8. Individual freedom and freedom to live
9. Protection against illegal arrests and imprisonment

c) Right against Exploitation:

1. Articles 23 and 24 guarantees the Right against Exploitation.
2. Article 23 batls immoral acts, slavery and bonded labour.
3. Child labour is prohibited.

d) Right to Freedom of Religion:
a) The Indian Constitution envisages the nation to be secular and democratic. So it gives religious freedom.
b) The Right to Religion is described in Articles 25-28.

Article 25 : The right to accept any religion and propagate it.
Article 26 : To make religious institutions and to acquire property.
Article 27: The money used for religious purposes is tax exempted.
Article 28 : To conduct religious instructions in certain institutions.

d) Cultural and Educational Rights:

1. All minorities can establish educational institutions and run them.
2. Minorities are given protection in their language, script, & culture.

1) Right to Constitutional Remedies: It is not enough to list a number of rights in the Constitution. For citizens to practise them and protect them against their violations there should be provisions. Right to Constitutional Remedies helps citizens to enjoy their rights. Dr. Ambedkar called this Right as the “Heart and Soul” of the Constitution. This Right ensures that citizens are guaranteed of their fundamental rights. This gives Constitutional protection to the fundamental rights.

WRITS (Court Orders):
a) Habeas Corpus
b) Mandamus
c) Writ of Prohibition
d)Certiorari
e) Quo Warranto

Question 32.
There are many conflicting areas in Federal System in India. Explain them based on the given points.
(a) Centre State relations
(b) Demand for autonomy
(c) Demand for new states
(d) Inter state conflicts
Answer:
The Constitution is merely framework of Federalism. It is the political processes that supply the flesh and blood to it. Therefore the changing political processes are the most important factor that influences Indian federalism. Demand for administrative autonomy: Many States of India are clamouring for greater autonomy. Often this causes rifts between the Centre and the states.

The role of Governors and President’s rule: The role of Governors has caused many rifts between the Centre and the states. Often the Governors have to work as yes-men to the Central Government. Presidential rule in case of Constitutional Emergency is also a matter of conflict. Demand for New States: This is another headache for the Federalism. For example, the demand for Telungana State. Inter-State Conflicts: Sometimes these conflicts grow to such levels that federalism itself is threatened.

Question 33.
The political philosophy is contained in Preamble. The most important and precious part of the Constitution is the Preamble. It is the key to the Constitution and the yard stick to measure it. The philosophical and fundamental features of the Constitution are uncovered in the Preamble. The social and economic goals are also seen here. The Indian Constitution is not a mere book of rules. It contains moral values and viewpoints. It has a political philosophy of its own. The ideas in the Constitution should be in the background of the discussions that took place in the Constitutional Assembly.

a) Individual freedom : Our Constitution is very much concerned with Individual freedom. For example we have the Fundamental Rights.

b) Social Justice : The mission of the nation is ensuring Social Justice. The different articles of the Constitution are the means for this. For example Article 16.

c) Respect for Diversity and Minority Rights: The Constitution guarantees the educational and cultural rights of the minorities in India.

d) Secularism: This is the cornerstone of the Indian Constitution. It treats all religions equally.

e) Universal Franchise: The Constitution ensures that all adults of 18 and above have their voting rights without any disfcrimination.

f) Federalism : India is a Federation. The Centre- State relations are defined clearly.

g) National Identity: Our Constitution nurtures both national identity as well as a regional identify simultaneously.