Kerala Plus Two Geography Board Model Paper 2021 with Answers

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Geography Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2021 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Geography Board Model Paper 2021 with Answers.

Maximum : 60 Scores
Time : 2 Hours
Cool-ff time : 15 minutes

Answer the following questions from 1 to 39 upto a maximum score of 60. (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 1.
The concept of Human Development was introduced by
a) Dr. Mahbub-UI-Haq
b) Thomas Malthus
c) Griffith Taylor
d) Semple
Answer:
a) Dr. Mahbub-UI-Haq

Question 2.
The name of farming operation in which farmers spe-cialize in vegetables only is known as
a) Jhuming
b) Viticulture
c) Truck Farming
d) Milpa
Answer:
b) Viticulture

Question 3.
Identify the mining method to mine the mineral ore from deep below the surface.
a) Open-Cast Mining
b) In-situ Mining
c) Open Pit Mining
d) Underground Mining
Answer:
d) Underground Mining

Question 4.
Urban agglomeration received the largest number of in-migrants in India.
a) Chennai
b) Varanasi
c) Greater Mumbai
d) Patna
Answer:
c) Greater Mumbai

Question 5.
The highest literate state in India
a) Kerala
b) Maharashtra
c) Tamil Nadu
d) West Bengal
Answer:
a) Kerala

Question 6.
An example of metallic mineral is
a) Mica
b) Iron
c) Graphite
d) Limestone
Answer:
b) Iron

Questions from 7 to 14 carry 2 scores each. (8 × 2 = 16)

Question 7.
What is environmental determinism?
Answer:
Because of limited technical knowhow and primitive social conditions, the man-nature relations were, more or less, Nature determined. This human- environment relation is called by environmental determinism.

Question 8.
Mention the use of population pyramid.
Answer:
In a country the graph showing the proportional number of men and women of different ages is the population pyramid. Through this, the birth-death rates of various stages can also be seen.

Question 9.
Classify industries based on output.
Answer:
On the basis of products, industries are of two kinds:

1. Basic industries.
2. Consumer goods industries.

Question 10.
What are Quaternary activities?
Answer:
Services which need special knowledge and technical knowhow, and centred on research- development are called Quaternary Services. Examples: E-software engineers, doctors.

Question 11.
Define positive Balance of Trade.
Answer:
When in a country the export value is more than the import value, it will be called positive balance of trade.

Question 12.
Identify any two functions of an urban centre.
Answer:
Administration, transport, education, industry, mining, tourism (any 2).

Question 13.
What do you mean by life time migrant?
Answer:
When census is taken, if a person’s place of birth recorded there is different from his actual place of birth, he will be known as life time migrant.

Question 14.
Write any two local names of hamlet settlements in India.
Answer:
Panna, para, palli, nagla, dhani (any 2).

Questions from 15 to 25 cary 3 scores each. (11 × 3 = 33)

Question 15.
Answer the following:
a) Crude Birth Rate
b) Crude Death Rate
c) How Crude Birth Rate is calculated?
Answer:
a) Crude Birth Rate: In population, how many are born in 1000 people,is the Crude Birth Rate.
b) Crude Death Rate: In population, how many die in 1000 people is the Crude Death Rate.
CDR = Number of deaths/Tota’ population x 100
c) We can find the CBR by dividing the births in a certain period by the number of population and then multiplying it by 1000.
CDR = Total births/Population x 1000.

Question 16.
Write brief notes on the following:
a) Natural growth of population
b) Positive growth of population
c) Negative growth of population
Answer:
a) Natural Growth of Population : This is the difference in the births and deaths in a fixed period.
Natural Growth of Population = Births – Deaths.

b) Positive growth of population : If in a fixed period there are more births than deaths, there will be Natural Growth of Population there. If the incoming migrants are more than the outgoing migrants, there will be positive growth of population.

c) Negative growth of population : If, in a fixed period, births are less than deaths, there will be Negative growth of populatipn. If the outgoing migrants are more than the incoming migrants, then also there will be Negative growth of population.

Question 17.
List out the three basic aspects of Human Development.
Answer:

1.  The standard of living of the people in a country.
2. The opportunities before them.
3. The freedom they enjoy.

Question 18.
Write down the characteristic features of shifting cultivation.
Answer:
The trees in the forest are cut down and they are burned. The ash fertilizes the soil. A small area is cultivated. People use small, primitive tools. After some years, when the fertility of the soil is gone, the farmers move to another place and continue doing the same.

Question 19.
Name any three Trans-Continental Railways in the World.
Answer:

1. Trans-Siberian Railway
2. Australian Inter-Continental Railway
3. Trans Canadian Railway

Question 20.
Briefly explain the merits of Air transportation.
Answer:

1. The fastest means of transport.
2. Ideal for long distance travels and moving expensive goods.
3. The only way to reach places where there are no roads.
4. Today there is no place in the world which can’t be reached in 35 hours, maximum.

Question 21.
Write the branches and speech areas of Dravidian Languages.
Answer:

1. Southern Dravidian – Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,Kerala.
2. Mid-Dravidian – Andhra Pradesh, Madhya . Pradesh, Odisha, Maharashtra.
3. Northern Dravidian – Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh

Question 22.
Write the examples of ancient, medieval and modern towns in India.
Answer:

1. Ancient Cities – Varan asi, Prayag.
2. Medieval Cities – Delhi, Hyderabad
3. Modern Cities – Mumbai, Kolkata

Question 23.
Match the following :

A	B
Kharif	Wheat
Rabi	Vegetables
Zaid	Rice

Answer:

A	B
Kharif	Rice
Rabi	Wheat
Zaid	Vegetables

Question 24.
Irrigation is necessary for Indian Agriculture.’Explain.
Answer:

1. The uncertainties in the place and time of the monsoon rains, make irrigation essential.
2. A major part of the country does not get enough rain and is affected by droughts.
3. In the dry season without ensuring irrigation, cultivation is impossible.
4. For crops like paddy and sugar cane, a lot of water is needed.
5. Irrigation makes more than one crop possible in a year as with irrigation the agricultural period gets extended.
6. Seeds with high productivity need irrigation.

Question 25.
List out any three advantages of Non-conventional energy resources.
Answer:

1. Equitable distribution
2. Environmental friendly
3. Generally less expensive
4. Renewable (any three)

Questions from 26 to 35 carry 4 scores each. (10 × 4 = 40)

Question 26.
Explain the geographical factors influencing the distribufion of population.
Answer:
Geographical factors influencing the distribution of population:

1. Availability of Water: People prefer to live in places where plenty of clean water is available. Since water is needed for use at home, industry, agriculture and cattle, river basins are densely populated.
2. Landscape: People like to live in places that are flat or with slight slopes._Such places are more suitable for agriculture, making roads, build factories and residences. Places with hills and mountains have less people. People prefer plains to live.
3. Climatejn the places which are too cold, too hot, or where there is too much rainfall, the density of population will be less. It is not easy for man to live such places with harsh climatic conditions.
4. Soil: Fertile soil is essential for agriculture and related work. Soil that is fertile mixed with clay, sand and organic elements is the most suitable for agriculture.

Question 27.
Write the first two stages explained in Demographic Transition Theory.
Answer:

• First Stage in Demographic Transition theory:
  1. Birth and death rate very high.
  2. A lot of contagious diseases.
  3. Inequitable distribution of food.
  4. Increase in births made the population grow.
  5. Most of the people illiterate.
  6. Longevity very little.
  7. Technical knowhow very little.
• Second Stage in Demographic Transition theory:
  1. Although in the beginning, the birth rate is high, slowly it becomes less.’
  2. Death rate steadily decreased.
  3. Progress in the health-sanitation spheres.
  4. The different in birth-death rates increased the population.

Question 28.
Write a short note on the impacts of population change.
Answer:
A small rise in the population is good for the growing economic condition. But unlimited increases cause problems. Depletion of resources is the main problem. Decreasing population is also not good. Drastic lessening in the population will reduce the human resources of the country.

Question 29.
List out the features of Plantation Agriculture.
Answer:
Features of Plantation Agriculture

1. The main Plantation crops are tea, coffee, rubber, cocoa, coconut etc.
2. It needs large estates, high capital investment, technical management, scientific methods of agriculture, mono-crop specialty, and a large number of workers.
3. There should be good transport facilities to link the estates with factories.

Question 30.
Write down the advantages of Road transportation.
Answer:

1. Most suitable for short distances.
2. House-to-house service is possible.
3. Plays a big role in the entertainment, commerce, trade, etc. in the country.
4. Highways help in obstacle free vehicle movement.
5. Border roads help in uniting the people in the borders areas and ensure their safety and the needs of the army.

Question 31.
What are the consequences of migration? Explain any one.
Answer:
Consequences of Migration

1. Economic Consequences
2. Consequences on the population
3. Social Consequences
4. Environmental Consequences

Economic Consequences: The money sent by the migrants to their birthplace is very beneficial for the people there. The main source of income of many States is the remittance they get from the migrants abroad. This plays a big role in the foreign exchange reserves of the country. The money sent by internal migrants help in the growth of the places of their birth. Such money is used for house construction, marriage, education, agriculture, industries, etc.

Question 32.
Some of the causes of migration are given below. List them as ’Push’ and ’Puli’ factors of migration. (Poverty, Better wage profession, Earthquake, High health care facilities)
Answer:
Push Factors Pull Factors
Poverty Employment with high wages
Earthquake Better health care facilities

Question 33.
How does the Census of India classify the Indian towns on the basis of population size?
Answer:

1. Class 1 Cities: Population more than 1 lakh.
2. Class 2 Cities: 50,000 to 99,999 people
3. Class 3 Cities: 20,000 to 49,999 people
4. Class 4 Cities: 10,000 to 19,999 People
5. Class 5 Cities: 5000 to 9999 people
6. Class 6 Cities: Below 5000 people.

Note: Only if the population of a place is more than 25,000 we call it a city. Below 25,000 we call the place a town.

Question 34.
Write a short note on conservation strategies of mineral resources.
Answer:
Since solar, wind, tidal energy etc. is renewable we should use it more than the energy from traditional sources like coal, oil and natural gas. We should encourage recycling of metallic remains. We should look for substitutes for rare minerals. We also must reduce the export of strategic and rare minerals.

Question 35.
Write down the locational factors of Cotton Textile Industry.
Answer:

1. Availability of plenty of cotton, or nearness to cotton fields.
2. Favourable climate.
3. Availability of skilled labourers.
4. Possibility of importing machinery.
5. Possible for export or nearness to a port.
6. Availability of energy.

Questions from 36 to 38 carry 6 scores each. (3 × 6 = 18)

Question 36.
What is Human Development? Explain the pillars of Human Development.
Answer:
Human Development is the process which, considering various factors from healthy physical environment to social, political and economic freedom, increases the opportunities for acquiring education, health care, income empowerment etc. and deveLop opportunities for people to make their choice. The four components of human development are – Equity. ejstainabulit productivity and empowerment.
(a) Equity- Equity refers to making equal access to opportunities available to everybody. The opportunities available to people must be equal irreWedive of their gender, race, Income and in the Indian case, caste.

(b Sustainabllity- Sustainabulity means continuity in the availability of opportunities. To have sustainable human development, each generation must have the same opportunities. All environment, frianciel and human resources must be used keeping in mind the future. Mise of any of these resources will lead to fewer opportunities for future generations.

(c) Productivity. Productivity here means human labour productivity or productivity In terms of human work. Such productivity must be constantly enriched by building capabuhities in people. Ultimately, it is people who are the real weth of nations. Therefore, efforts to increase their kno4edge, or provide better heelth facilities ultimately leads to better work efficiency.

(d) Empowerment. Empowerment means to have the power to make choices. Such power comes from increasing freedom and capability. Good governance and people-oriented policies are reiired to empower people. The emprment of seeially and economically disadvantaged groups is of spea& importance.

Question 37.
Describe briefly the following human activities:
a) Nomadic Herding
b) Commercial Live-stock rearing
Answer:
a) Nomadic herding: This is an ancient means of livelihood. The nomads depend on their animals for their food, clothes, stay, and travel. They move with their animals from one place to another. Each group will have definite grazing areas. In different areas different kinds of animals are reared. It also depends on the climate. Because of definite international borders and new housing regulations, this way of living is becoming less popular. This is concentrated on three areas:

a) From the western shores of Africa to Mongolia, China.
b) The Tundra Regions of Eurasia.
c) Africa- Madagascar.

In the summer, they into the grassland on the mountains and in the cold season they return to the plains. This nomadic movement is called Trans-Humans.

b) Commercial Livestock Rearing: This is the well planned, scientific rearing of livestock and it involves huge capital investment. There will be permanent pastures. Basically it is a European way of rearing livestock. When the grass gets finished in one part of the pasture, the animals are moved to another part. The same kind of animals are reared here, mainly, sheep, cattle and goats. Their meat, fur and skins are scientifically processed and marketed. Great importance is given the breeding, high quality breed of animals, controlling diseases and animal healthcare. In New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Uruguay, the USA, etc., Commercial Livestock Rearing is given much importance.

Question 38.
Explain the features of any two types of Rural Settlements in India.
Answer:
The rural settlements in India are mainly divided into 4:

1. Nucleated settlement (Compact Settlement)
2. Fragmented settlement (Semi Compact Settlement
3. Hamlet settlement
4. Dispersed settlement

1. Nucleated settlement (Compact Settlement): Here the houses are close to one another. In
this settlement common dwelling area, agricultural lands around, barren area, pastures, etc. are separated. The houses are in rows and the streets between the rows of houses take the shape of a square, circular or linear pattern. Often these nucleated settlements are the results of security problems. In the North Indian silt plains and North-Eastern States these types of settlements are common. In Rajasthan where
water is available, this kind of settlements can be seen.

2. Semi-Compact Settlements: In some areas of dispersed settlements, in certain areas there is a tendency for dwellings coming close to one another. When in the rural communities, one or two communities decide to live away from the centre of the village, this kind of settlement is formed. The people at the lower strata of the society, and labour class, etc. live in the margins of the village. In some parts of Rajasthan and in the Gujarat Plains, these kinds of settlements can be widely seen.

Question 39.
Identify the following Geo-information and locate them on the given outline map of India. Each carries 1 score. (7 x 1 = 7)
a) Largest out Migrant state
b) Location of first geothermal energy plant
c) Largest Bauxite producing state
d) Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area
e) National Waterway 3 (N.W.3)
f) A port at the entrance of Zuari
g) Asia’s largest slum
Answer:

a) Uttar Pradesh
b) Manikaran (Himactial Pradesh)
c) Odistia
d) Western Rajasthan
e) KoIIam-Kottappjram (Kerala)
f) Mormugao
g) Ohaavi