Kerala Plus Two Geography Board Model Paper 2022 with Answers

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Geography Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2022 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Geography Board Model Paper 2022 with Answers.

Maximum : 60 Scores
Time : 2 Hours
Cool-ff time : 15 minutes

A. Answer any 5 questions from 1 to 9. Each carries 1 score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
A country with declining population
a) Bangladesh
b) Mexico
c) Japan
d) Austrialia
Answer:
c) Japan

Question 2.
A primary activity
a) Pastoralism
b) Lawyer
c) Doctor
d) I.T. Professional
Answer:
a) Pastoralism

Question 3.
The geographical feature favourable for the formation of circular rural settlement pattern
a) Highway
b) Pond
c) Railway
d) River
Answer:
b) Pond

Question 4.
The most common problem of rural settlement from the following:
a) BusyTransport
b) Acidrain
c) Waste disposal
d) Unmetalled Roads
Answer:
d) Unmetalled Roads

Question 5.
An example of Regional Planning
a) Infrastructure Planning
b) Irrigation Planning
c) Drought Prone Area Programme
d) Transport Development
Answer:
c) Drought Prone Area Programme

Question 6.
The type of development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
a) Sustinable development
b) Economic development
c) Social development
d) Demographic development
Answer:
a) Sustinable development

Question 7.
A Kharif crop
a) Rice
b) Groundnut
c) Vegetables
d) Maize
Answer:
a) Rice

Question 8.
Urban smog leads to
a) Water pollution
b) Land pollution
c) Noise pollution
d) Air pollution
Answer:
d) Air pollution

Question 9.
Which among the following rivers in India is highly polluted?
a) Satlej
b) Yamuna
c) Brahmaputra
d) Godavari
Answer:
b) Yamuna

B. Answer all questions from 10 to 13. Each caries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 10.
The Headquarters of ASEAN
a) Jakarta
b) Vienna
c) Portugal
d) Minsk
Answer:
a) Jakarta

Question 11.
Among the following South American Nations, the one which forms a part of OPEC:
a) Argentina
b) Venezuela
c) Peru
d) Chile
Answer:
b) Venezuela

Question 12.
An example of ancient town in India
a) Delhi
b) Kolkata
c) Pataliputra
d) Kochi
Answer:
c) Pataliputra

Question 13.
An administrative town in India among the following:
a) Surat
b) Ambala
c) Vishakapattanam
d) Delhi
Answer:
d) Delhi

Part – II

A. Answer any 2 questions from 14 to 17. Each caries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 14.
Define Neodeterminism.
Answer:
Neo determinism was a theory put forward by Griffith Taylor. It was a theory formed between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism. He explains his theory based on traffic signal. When we see the red light we should stop. When the light is green, we can go. The yellow light gives a small interval. That means we get ready to go. Nature gives us many opportunities. By reacting to the opportunities appropriately we can make good use of them. Sometimes we neglect the controls Nature puts on us.

When we use unscientific farming methods, over exploit natural resources and do uncontrolled developmental activities, nature shows the red light. (The loss of soil fertility, deforestation, global warming, hole in the ozone layer, etc.) As long as do not destroy the environment, we can go ahead with our developmental activities. But when the red light shines we should stop our developmental activities. Through his Neo determinism, what Griffith Taylor proposed was a middle path without putting a full stop to our technical development, and at the same time, reacting positively to the signals given by nature.

Question 15.
What do you mean by Balance of Trade?
Answer:
The difference between the values of the goods and services a country exports and imports is the Balance of Trade. This can be positive or negative.

Question 16.
List out any two problems of Urban Settlement.
Answer:

1. Pollution
2. Increase in the population

Question 17.
Mention any two advantages of water transport?
Answer:

1. Transport expenses are less.
2. Less pollution.

B. Answer any 2 questions from 18 to 20. Each caries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 18.
What is digital divide?
Answer:
Digital divide is the divide in the sphere of IT and communication between developed nations and developing nations.

Question 19.
Write any two examples for Nonmetallic fuel minerals.
Answer:

1. Coal
2. Petroleum
3. Natural gas

Question 20.
List out any four media of mass communication.
Answer:

1. Television
2. Radio
3. Cinema
4. Satellite

Part – III

A. Answer any 3 questions from 21 to 24. Each caries 3 scores. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 21.
Describe the three stages of Demographic Transtion Theory.
Answer:
The three stages in the Demographic Transition Theory are:
Stage 1 – High Fluctuating stage
Stage 2 – Expanding Stage
Stage 3 – Low fluctuating stage.

• Stage 1: – High Fluctuating stage
  1. High birth-death rate
  2. The growth of population was very slow
  3. Longevity less
  4. People were illiterate
  5. People were engaged in agriculture
  6. The lack of technical knowhow
  7. The Adivasis in the Rain Forests of Bangladesh come in this group.
• Stage 2: Expanding Stage
  1. In this stage, in the early period, the birth rate was high. Gradually it became less. Along with that death rate was also reduced.
  2. The death rate was reduced because of the improvement in the health and sanitation sectors.
  3. Countries like Peru, Sri Lanka, Kenya etc. include in this group.
• Stage 3: Low Fluctuating stage
  1. Birth and death rate reduced. People got urbanised Progress in education and technical knowhow Canada, Japan, USA etc. come in this group.

Question 22.
(a) What is mining?
(b) Explain the types of mining.
Answer:
a) Mining:
The history of human development has different stages. They are known as Copper Age., ‘ Iron Age, and Bronze Age. This tells us how important the different minerals and metals are to mankind.

1. Initially minerals and metals were used only for making unsophisticated tools, weapons and containers.
2. It was with the Industrial Revolution that mining for metals and mineral was started. From then their importance has been steadily increasing.

b) Types of Mining:
Two types of mining are common – Surface mining and Underground mining. v The type of mining depends on the nature of the mineral ores and the way they are found. Surface mining and underground mining have two different approaches.

A. Surface Mining (Open Cast Mining):

1. Minerals are close to the surface of the earth.
2. This is the easiest way of mining.
3. Less expensive
4. Less risky
5. Profitable.

B) Underground Minina (Shaft Methods)

1. Minerals are located far below the surface of the earth.
2. It is dangerous (Poisonous gases, floods, landslides, cave formation, flaming fire, etc.)
3. Very expensive
4. Very high risk.

Question 23.
(a) What is Migration?
(b) Briefly discuss the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors of migration.
Answer:
a) Migration:
Moving from one region to live in another region is called migration. As the result of migration, the population of one region increases and the population of the other region decreases.

b) Push and Pull factors:
Although people have a lot of emotional attachment to the place of their birth, lakhs of people leave their homes to settle in other places. The reasons for this migration can be grouped into two: Push Factors I and Pull factors.

Push factors are those that force people to leave their birth place.
Pull factors are those which attract people to other regions.

1. People migrate to cities because of the poverty in the rural areas.
2. Increase in population.
3. lack of education and health facilities.
4. Earthquake
5. Floods

Question 24.
(a) Make a short note on Watershed Management.
(b) Mention any two objectives of Watershed Management.
Answer:
a) Watershed Management

1. This is a new method by which watersheds are protected from being filled with waste.
2. This is essential for sustainable development.
3. Watershed management and protecting water is essential to man and also other creatures and plants.

b) Two aims of Watershed management:

1. protecting water
2. Sustainable development.

B. Answer any 2 questions from 25 to 27. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 25.
Sex-ratio is an important information about status of women in a country. Comment on the statement.
Answer:
Sex ratio shows the number of women for 1000 men in a region. In India, the number of women has been less than that of men for years. Therefore the sex ratio in India is negative. The social and economic standing of women of a country can be determined according to the sex ratio. Where female foeticide, female infanticide and atrocities against women are rampant the discrimination between man and woman will be more.

1. Biologically, Nature has blessed women more than men.
2. Women have the exceptional capacity to rise from a fall and get back to the original state of mind.
3. She is able to adjust with the circumstances she finds herself in.
4. She has the capacity to maintain her happiness even in adverse circumstances.
5. Women have more defensive power than men.

Question 26.
(a) What is Human Development?
(b) List out the two indicators of healthy life.
Answer:
a) The concept of Human Development was put forward by the scientist Mehboob-ul-Haq. In his opinion human development means increasing the possibilities for people to choose the life style they like so that they can
live with dignity and for long.

b) Expected longevity
Standard of living

Question 27.
Write any three conservation methods of mineral resources.
Answer:
Protecting Mineral Wealth

1. By overuse the mineral wealth gets lost.
2. We have the responsibility to protect the natural resources for the continued existence and welfare of mankind.
3. We should not implement development plans by bringing harm to the environment.
4. To make sustainable development possible, we have to reserve natural resources for the use of future generations.
5. The traditional energy sources are non-renewable and so they will finish one day. But we have renewable energy sources like solar, geothermal, wind, tidal and biomass, which will never get finished. So we must learn to use more and more renewable energy sources.

Part – IV

A. Answer any 3 questions from 28 to 31. Each caries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 28.
Briefly explain the four pillars of Human Development.
Answer:
The four pillars of human development are:

1. Equity
2. Sustainability
3. Productivity
4. Empowerment

1) Eauitv:
Equity is making available to everyone equal opportunities without any discrimination of religion, caste and creed, sex, class, income etc.

2) Sustainability:
This is the continuity in the availability of opportunities. If we are to make sustainable development we should not misuse and abuse all natural resources (environmental, economic and human). If any of the resources is ruined, it will adversely affect the future generations.

3) Productivity:
Productivity means the capacity of man to work and produce. The [eal wealth of a nation it is people. So each person should be given good education and health care so that he can work efficiently.

4) Empowerment:
Empowerment means the ability of a person to choose from infinite possibilities.

Question 29.
(a) What is plantation agriculture?
(b) List any three characteristic features of plantation agriculture.
Answer:
a) Plantation Agriculture:
In the past, European countries started agriculture suitable for their colonies which had warm.or hot climate, investing a lot of capital. This is known as plantation agriculture. The Roman Emperors started a plantation agriculture. known as“Latifundia”. From this wine and olive oil were used for exports. In our country the main plantation crops are tea, coffee, rubber, cocoa, cotton, sugar cane, banana and pineapple.

b) Features of Plantation Agriculture:

1. It needs huge investment, a lot of land and technical knowhow.
2. It is market-linked.
3. Availability of easy transport.

Question 30.
(a) What do you mean by the term ‘Manufacturing’?
(b) List any two features of large scale manufacturing.
Answer:
a) Manufacturing Industries: Manufacturing industries process raw materials and make them into value-added goods for various uses by people.

b) Capital
4 Historical factors.

Question 31.
Briefly explain the problems of Indian Agriculture.
Answer:
These are the problems of Indian Agriculture:

1. Dependence of erratic monsoons.
2. Low productivity.
3. Constraints of financial resources or indebtedness.
4. Lack of land reforms.
5. Small farm-size and fragmentation of land holdings.
6. Lack of commercialization.
7. Vast under-employment.
8. Degradation of cultivable land.

1. Dependence on Erratic Monsoon:
Only 33% of the agricultural land in India has irrigation facilities. The remaining land depends on monsoon rains for its water.’Of the south-west monsoon comes earlier or later, the plans of the farmers will be upset. If there is more monsoon rain it will cause floods and if it less, it will bring droughts.

2. Low Productivity:
The quantity of paddy, wheat, cotton and oil seeds we get in India from one hector of land is much less than what they get in Russia, America, Japan etc. Depending only on the rains, if we cultivate grains, pulses, oil seeds etc. in dry areas the harvest will be very little.

3. Constraints of financial resources or indebtedness:
To use modern farming methods, a lot of capital investment is needed. The poor peasants and farmers in India do not have the financial capacity to invest such capital. When they are in financial problems, the agriculturists take loans from individuals or financial institutions. If the crops are ruined or if the harvest is very low, they get trapped in indebtedness.

4. Lack of land reforms:
The landlord system (Mahalwari, Riotwari, Zamindari) that exited during the British rule was quite exploitative. Although many land reforms were made after independence, because of the. lack of strong political, will, they were not put into practice effectively.

5. Small farm-size and fragmentation of land holdings:
In India more than 60% of the farmers have only less than 1 hectare of land in their possession. Because of the increase in population the landholding is getting even less. Agriculture done on such small pieces of land is not profitable.

6. Lack of commercialization:
Most farmers cultivate things only for their own needs. If the agriculture sector is to be profitable and attractive it should be mechanised and commercialised.

7. Vast under-emplovment:
Once the harvest is done, till the next planting season, the farmers will have no work. In places where there are no irrigation facilities, this problem is very acute.

8. Degradation of cultivable land:
Wrong irrigation methods and unscientific agricultural development plans make the soil loses its fertility. Alkalization, calcification, water clogging, continuous farming, lack of proper fertilizers etc, reduce the productivity of the land. Planting different things will also reduce fertility. Places which depend solely on rains are adversely affected by soil and wind erosion especially where the soil is soft and loose and the climate is warm. Because of the unscientific methods used by people the fertility of the land gets reduced.

B. Answer any 1 question from 32 and 33. Carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 32.
Write a short note on Cyber Space.
Answer:
Cyber Space is the notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs. Taking advantage of fast growing Information Technology and communication network, the developed countries raced ahead in development. But the developing countries are lagging behind in utilising the modern IT and communication facilities. The gap that is seen between the developed and developing countries in the use of IT and the modern cbmmunication facilities is called the Digital Divide. With the help of www, commerce has become global and widespread.

Question 33.
Distinguish between wet land and dry land farming.
Answer:
On the basis of the moisture of the soil during harvest, there are two kinds of farming. The agriculture in dry land is known m as Dry land farming and where there is water it is called Wetland farming.

• Dry land farming:
  1. This farming is practised in places which receive rain below 75 cm in a year.
  2. In this type of farming crops like ragi, millet, pulses, and animal feeds, which can resist drought, are cultivated.
  3. Farmers take steps to collect rain water and maintain the moisture of the land.
• Wet land farming:
  1. In this farming, paddy, jute, sugar cane etc, are cultivated as they need plenty of water.
  2. Farmers also engage in aquaculture. rain below 75 cm in a year.
  3. In this type of farming crops like ragi, millet, pulses, and animal feeds, which can resist drought, are cultivated.
  4. Farmers take steps to collect rain water and maintain the moisture of the land.
• Wet land farming:
  1. In this farming, paddy, jute, sugar cane etc, are cultivated as they need plenty of water.
  2. Farmers also engage in aquaculture.

Part – V

A. Answer any 2 questions from 34 to 36. Each caries 6 scores. (2 × 6 = 12)

Question 34.
(a) What do you mean by density of population?
(b) Describe the geographical factors influencing the density and distribution of population in the world.
Answer:
a) Population density is the proportion between the number of people and the area of the land.
b) Geographical factors:

1. availability of water
2. nature of the land
3. climate
4. soil

1. Availability of water:
People like to stay in places where water is easily available in large quantities. Water is inevitable for all human endeavours like agriculture, irrigation, industry, transport, tourism, generation of electricity and so on. That is why all river basins are crowded.

2. Nature of the land:
People like to live in places that are flat or with – slight slopes. Such places are more suitable for agriculture, making roads, build factories and residences.

3. Climate:
In the places which are too cold, too hot, where there is too much rainfall, the density of population will be less. It is not easy for man to live such places with harsh climatic conditions.

4. SoiL.
Fertile soil is essential for agriculture and related work. Soil that is fertile mixed with clay, sand ‘ and organic elements is the most suitable for agriculture.

Question 35.
(a) What is growth of population?
(b) Analyse the four phases of Indian Demographic History.
Answer:
a) Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a certain period in a place. This can be positive or negative.

1. Fixed Population Phase (1901-1921)
2. Steady (Stable) Population Phase (1921-1951)
3. Explosive population phase (1951-1981)
4. Reducing Population Phase (1981 -2001)

1. Fixed Population Phase (901-1921):
It is said that population growth in India was at a standstill, showing no growth in the initial stages of the 20th century. The death rate was high. Poor health care services, ignorance of people, the weak distribution of essential commodities etc. were the reasons for the high death rate.

2. Steady (Stable) Population Phase (1921-1951)
This is the 2nd phase where the population growth was steady. As health care facilities became easily available, death rate was reduced. The development of communication and transport facilities and the special attention of the government helped the public distribution system to become better. Although the economic depression of the 1920s and the Second World War adversely affected this second phase of population growth, it was steady in this phase.

3. Explosive Population Phase (1951-1981):
The 3rd phase was the period of population explosion in India. In this phase the death rate was drastically reduced and the birth rate drastically increased. The annual growth reached 2.2%-in this phase.

4. Reducing Population Phase (1981-2001):
During this period there was a tendency showing decrease in growth. The marriageable age was raised and the standard of living improved. As women were educated, there were visible changes in the society’s thinking and people’s attitude towards life had welcome changes.

Question 36.
Identify and mark the following geo information in the given Outl ine Map of I ndia.
(a) An ancient I ndian town located in Uttar Pradesh.
(b) The largest Urban Aglomeration in India.
(c) The land-locked port located in Andhra Pradesh.
(d) An Integrated Iron and Steel Plant in India set up in collaboration with Germany.
(e) The largest container port in India.
(f) The Eastern State in India having highest production of Jute.
Answer:
a) Varanasi or Allahabad
b) Greater Mumbai
c) Visakhapatnam
d) Rourkela Steel Plant
e) Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Sheva) located in Navi Mumbai’s Raigad district
f) West Bengal