Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Geography Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2023 to improve time management during exams.
Kerala Plus Two Geography Previous Year Question Paper March 2023
Maximum : 60 Scores
Time : 2 Hours
Cool-ff time : 15 minutes
Section – A
Answer any 8 questions from 1 to 10. Each carries 2 scores.
Question 1.
Indian towns are classified into three types on the basis of evolution.
Answer:
- Ancient Cities: Varanasi, Prayag (Allahabad), Patliputra (Patna), Mathura.
- Mediaeval Cities: Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Nagpur.2
- Modern Cities: Bombay (Mumbai), Madras (Chennai), Kolkata, Goa.
Question 2.
Identify the two types of water transport.
Answer:
i) Inland Waterways.
ii) Sea Routes.
Question 3.
List out the consequences of air pollution.
Answer:
- Air pollution is harmful to the health of the people. It causes diseases like asthma, bronchitis, allergy, lung cancer, etc.
- Atmospheric pollution creates misty smoke above cities. This is called urban smog. It has been proved beyond doubt that smog is harmful to the health of people.
- Air pollution causes acid rain. Acid rain brings about risky problems to the health of man and atmosphere.
- The World Health Organization points out that the greatest killer in South East Asia is air pollution.
Question 4.
State the importance of internet as a com-munication system.
Answer:
It is in the urban areas the internet is used widely. Nowadays it is common to find the use of the internet even in the villages. E-mail, e-commerce and e-banking have become very widespread these days. Through e-mail the user can establish visible contact with others. The growth that has taken place in e- commerce in recent times is mind-boggling. E-banking helps the user to do banking activities sitting right in his home.
The internet is a treasure house of knowledge. It has collected detailed information regarding various subjects and we can easily access it. The Internet enables us to get information least expensively, and in quick time in an easy way. Not only that, it provides the basic facilities to establish visible communicative relations.
Question 5.
State the importance of availability of labour as a factor influencing industrial location.
Answer:
Any industry needs workers. Without workers industries cannot function. Industries are usually established in places where skilled and unskilled workers are easily available at low costs. Since India has a sufficiently large population, workers are available in large numbers. But skilled workers may not be available in sufficient numbers everywhere. Therefore it becomes necessary to start such industries where skilled workers are available. For example the diamond industry is concentrated in Surat because of the availability of skilled workers. Existing industries are sometimes moved to places where cheap labour is available.
Question 6.
Identify the role of Entrepot ports in Interna- tionai trade. Write two examples for entrepot ports.
Answer:
Entrepots are ports where goods brought from different countries are collected and kept for exporting to other countries. Examples: Singapore, Rotterdam, Copenhagen.
Question 7.
Write a note on Truck Farming.
Answer:
In some areas farmers concentrate only on producing vegetables. Such farming is called truck farming. Between the truck farm and the market the distance should be such that a truck can reach the market in one night. That is why this kind of farming is called truck farming.
Question 8.
What is crude birth rate? How is it calculated?
Answer:
The death rate also plays a big role in the population change. It is not only when the birth rate is high that the population growth occurs, but also when the birth rate is low. Death rate is calculated by using the simple method of Crude Death Rate (CDR). CDR means in the population of a pface how many persons die for each 1000 persons. This is how it is calculated:
\(\frac{\text { The total Deaths in a year }(\mathrm{D})=\mathrm{D} \times 1000}{\text { Mid Year population }(\mathrm{P})}\)
DDR = \(\frac{\mathrm{D} \times 1000}{\mathrm{P}}\)
Question 9.
What is Bilateral trade?
Answer:
Bilateral trade is the trade between two countries. This is a system in which two countries enter into a trade agreement and mutually trade some special products.
For example India enters into an agreement with Japan, to buy Indian made goods and Japan enters an agreement with India to sell Japanese raw materials.
Question 10.
Define population density. Write the equation used to calculate the population density.
Answer:
Population density is the number of people living in a square kilometre in a particular area. There is a limit to the number of people an area can contain. Therefore there is a need to know the ratio between the number of people and area of the land. This ratio is the density of population. The equation for the population density is:
Population Density = \(\frac{\text { Number of People }}{\text { Land Area }}\)
For example let us imagine the place called Bepur is 100 sq.km in area and its population is 150,000. The density of population there is 1500 persons per sq.km.
Section – B
Answer any 8 questions from 11 to 20. Each carries 3 scores. (8 × 3 = 24)
Question 11.
List out the benefits of Integrated Tribal Development Project.(ITDP).
Answer:
The Integrated Tribal Development Programme (ITDP) is being implemented under the Tribal Sub-Plan since the fifth five- year plan. The main objective of the programme is to reduce poverty, improve the educational status and eliminating the exploitation of tribal families. Currently, there are 192 projects in 19 states and union territories. Bharmaur is a tribal area. The region has harsh climatic conditions, low resource base and a very fragile environment. It is one of the most economically and socially backward regions of Himachal Pradesh.
The area is geographically and politically isolated and it has social and economical deprivation. The economy is largely based on agriculture and allied activities like sheep and goat rearing. Because of ITDP, the development and establishment of schools, health care facilities, hospitals, potable water, roads, communications and electricity were largely observed in the region. The literacy rate increased. The male-female ratio became better. There were less child marriages. Literacy rate of women increased in a big way. Now they cultivate different crops including cash crops. However they are still using traditional methods in their cultivation.
Question 12.
Elaborate the following:
1. Isochrone
2. Time Distance
3. Cost Distance
Answer:
1. Isochrone: Iso means equal and chrone means time. We choose a means of transport thinking of the distance, time and expense. An isoerhone is a line drawn on a map connecting points at which something arrives at the same time. To join places that can be reached in the same amount of time, lines with same colour are used on the maps.
2. Time Distance: The actual time used to travel in a particular route.
3. Cost distance: The actual expenses incurred to travel in a route.
Question 13.
Technology indicates the level of cultural development of a society.
Answer:
Technology is developed after carefully studying about natural laws. After finding ways to control fire, which was a prehistoric invention, and the later Stone Age Revolution increased the sources of food. The invention of the wheel helped man to travel on the earth and to exercise some control over it. Many developments in history like the invention of the printing press, telephone and the Internet reduced the physical obstacles in communication and allowed man to conduct his activities on a global basis. Technology has many benefits.
Including today’s global markets, technology has made extensive development in the economic field. Some technological innovations have caused unnecessary and dangerous by-products. Pollution, environmental degradation, depletion of natural resources, etc. are some such unwanted side effects of technology. Moreover technology often influences the values of the society and raises new moral questions. Until recently it was believed that technological development is limited to people and their affairs. But scientific studies carried out in the 21st century show that even some other species and some dolphin communities develop simple tools and transfer their knowledge to the next generations.
Question 14.
Write any six important characteristic features of plantation agriculture.
Answer:
Large capital investment, cheap labour, scientific methods of cultivation, large estates or plantations, managerial and technical support, single crop specialisation, and a good system of transportation etc. are some of the salient features of plantation agriculture.
Question 15.
List out the challenges faced by adolescents in India.
Answer:
Competent youths are a great asset to the nation. But if the youths are not properly guided they will go astray and then they will become a threat to the society. Early marriage among youths, illiteracy, drop-out from schools, lack of nutritious food, death of teenage mothers in childbirth, HIV/AIDS, physical and mental deficiencies, use of psychedelic drugs, alcoholism, criminal tendencies etc. are some of the challenges towards society.
Question 16.
Efficient use of water is necessary to ensure sustainable development. Suggest a fewways for the Reuse of water.
Answer:
Another way to improve the availability of pure water is recycling and reusing of water. This is the process of reusing the water which has been used once by purifying it or using that water for some other purposes.
The water that is not potable can be used in industries for cooling or, to extinguish fires. Water can economically used by doing this. In the urban areas, the water used for taking bath and cleaning plates and utensils can be again used for watering the garden. The water used for washing vehicles can also be used for watering the garden. This way pure water can be reserved for drinking purposes.
Question 17.
What is Transhumance? Identify the tribal groups engaged in Transhumance.
Answer:
Depending on the climatic changes, the people of some regions move to other regions along with their domestic animals. In the summer season, they move their animals from the plains to the meadows in the hilly regions. But in the winter, they bring them back to the plains. This kind of migration according to seasonal changes is called Transhumance. Gujars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Changpas are the tribafgroups engaged in transhumance.
Question 18.
State the importance of the Northern Atlantic Sea Route.
Answer:
Two Regions in the world that have achieved industrial development are North-Eastern America and North-Western Europe. These regions are connected by the North Atlantic sea route. This sea route has much economic importance. The highest amount of foreign trade takes place along this sea route. One fourth of the world’s foreign trade takes place through this path. As the busiest sea route in the world this is called the Big Trunk Route.
Question 19.
What are the characteristics of fourth phase (post 1981 till present) of population growth of India?
Answer:
The period from 1981 to the present day is the 4th stage of population growth. During this period there was the tendency of gradual decline in the population growth. Although the number of people increased, the rate of population growth was reduced.
The main reason for this is the lower birth rate. The increase in the marriage-able age and the increase in women education helped in reducing the birth rate. Even then the country’s rate of population increase is high. The Wold Development Report points out that by 2025, India’s population is expected to reach 135 crore.
Question 20.
Write a short note on Retail Trading.
Answer:
Retail Trading is the selling of products to the consumers directly. Retail trading is done through permanent shops or stores. Some trading also takes place outside stores. Street vendors, people selling goods in push carts, people selling things from trucks, people who sell things door to door, trading by giving orders via the rail, the telephone and the internet are examples’ of retail trading not done through stores.
Section – C
Aswer any 5 questions from 21 to 27. Each carries 4 scores. (5 × 4 = 20)
Question 21.
Briefly describe the pillars of Human devel-opment.
Answer:
The four main pillars of Human Development are:
a) equity,
b) sustainability,
c) productivity,
d) empowerment.
a) Equity: Equity refers to creating equal access to opportunities and ensures that is available to everybody. The opportunities accessible to people must be equal irrespective of their caste, gender, race, and income. In India, a large number of women and persons belonging to socially and economically backward groups drop out of school. This shows how the choices of these groups get limited by not having access to knowledge.
b)Sustainability: Sustainability means durableness in the availability of opportunities. To have sustainable human development, each generation must have the same opportunities. All environmental, financial and human resources must be used keeping in mind the expectations of people not only of the present but also of the future. Misuse of any of these resources will lead to fewer opportunities for future generations.
c) Productivity : In the case of human development, productivity means human labour productivity or productivity in terms of human work. Such productivity should be constantly enriched by building capabilities in people. Eventually, it is people who are the real wealth of nations. Therefore, an effort to increase their knowledge, and providing better health facilities automatically lead to better work efficiency.
d) Empowerment: Empowerment means to have the power to make choices. Such power comes from increasing freedom and aptitude. Good governance and people-oriented policies are necessary to empower people. The empowerment of socially and economically underprivileged groups is of special importance.
Question 22.
Describe the features of High Technology Industry.
Answer:
In high technology industry, the majority of workers have acquired technical expertise (White- Collar workers). Their number will be more than the labourers who actually do the production work. The use of robots, design by computers, production and quality control by electronic control, new developments in the chemical-pharmaceutical products are some of the features High Technology Industry.
Question 23.
Describe the following with suitable ex-amples:
(a) Administrative Towns and Cities
(b) Industrial Towns
(c) Transport Cities
(d) Mining Towns
Answer:
a) Administrative Towns and Cities:
Administrative Towns and Cities are places from which administration is done. Capital cities and district headquarters come under this category. Chandigarh, New Delhi, Bhopal, Shillong, Srinagar, Gandhinagar, Jaipur, Chennai, Thiruvananthapuram, etc. are examples of administrative towns and cities.
b) Industrial Towns: These are towns that give importance to industries. Mumbai, Salem, Coimbatore, Modinagar, Bhilai, Jamshedpur, Hugli etc. are important industries cities and towns of India. Industry is the life-breath of these cities.
c) Transport Cities: Ports that are engaged in exports and imports and transport cities. Internal transport hubs like Kandla, Kochi, Kozhikode, Visakhapatanam, etc. also come under this category. Agra, Dulia, Mughalsarai, Itarsi, Katni etc. are some of the transport cities.
d) Mining Towns: In’the regions which are rich in mineral wealth and other deposits, mining towns grow up. Raniganj, Jharia, Digboy, Ankaleshwar, Singroli, etc. are examples of mining towns.
Question 24.
Describe any two cropping seasons in India.
Answer:
Two important cropping seasons in India are Kharif and Rabi. The Kharif cropping season starts with the onset of the South-Western monsoons. The harvest is by the end of the monsoons. This season is roughly between June and September. The main Kharif crops are paddy, cotton, jute, maize, bajra, jowar and groundnuts.
The Rabi cropping season starts at the beginning of the Winter season in October- November. The harvest is done in the months – of March April. The reduced temperature of this period is very helpful for the Rabi crops. Wheat, Barley, Oats, Pulses, Mustard and Linseed are the main Rabi crops.
Question 25.
Availability of water influences the distribution of population. Explain any two other geo¬graphical factors influencing population distribution.
Answer:
a) Climate: Climates with extreme cold and extreme heat are not suitable for human habitation. Therefore in scorching deserts, and in the cold regions the population is very little. People don’t like to live in places which have too much rainfall. People are attracted to places where the climate is good, the moderate regions. The Mediterranean regions always had big populations. The reason for that is the pleasant climate there, b) Soil: The fertility of the soil is very important when it comes to agriculture and other related matters. As fertile soils yield good harvests, people like to live in such regions.
Question 26.
Write a note on ‘the conservation of mineral resources.
Answer:
Over-exploitation of mineral resource is equally harmful to man and the environment. So, the mineral resources are to be protected at any cost. Sustainable development is the development which gives due consideration to the protection of nature. The traditional ways of using mineral resources are not at all good. They not only overexploit nature, but they also produce a lot of waste polluting everything. Sustainable development demands that the mineral resources should be preserved for the use of future generations. Preserving those resources is an urgent need. Steps should be taken to do that with a sense of priority.
The energy from sunrays, wind and waves, thermal energy, organic energy etc. are never ending. Instead of using the minerals that can be exhausted, we should use the inexhaustible sources for our energy needs.” In short we should develop non-traditional sources of energy. We also should learn to use easily available metals instead of the rare ones. This will reduce the use of rare metals and thus the rare metals can be made to last long.
We should stop exporting minerals that are rare and strategically important. The available metals then can be used for a long time. In short to protect the mineral wealth we should stop their over-exploitation and overuse. Along with that we must develop alternate sources of energy instead of depending on the traditional sources.
Question 27.
Identify and mark the following geoinformation on the given outline map of India.
(a) The Northern most International Airport in India.
(b) The largest container port in India.
(c) An oil refinery in Kerala.
(d) The oil field off the coast of Mumbai.
Answer:
a) Srinagar/Amritsar
b) Jawaharlal Nehru Port Nhava Sheva
c) Kochi
d) Mumbai High