Towards Sustainability Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 8 Kerala Syllabus Questions and Answers

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SSLC Geography Chapter 8 Notes Pdf English Medium Towards Sustainability

SCERT Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 8 Towards Sustainability Notes Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Class 10 Geography Chapter 8 Notes Kerala Syllabus Towards Sustainability

Question 1.
Categorize and list the resources you are familiar with into natural and man-made resources.

Answer:

Natural Resources	Man-made Natural Resources
Air, Water, Soil, Sunlight	Electricity, Machines and tools, Vehicles, Buildings

Question 2.
Classify the resources given below into individual, community, and national resources. Add more examples to expand the list.
School, National highway, Railway, Worship places, Farms and Houses.
Expand the chart by adding additional information with the help of information technology, and display it in the classroom.
Answer:

Individual Resources	Community Resources	National Resources
Farms, Houses, Vehicles, Personal gadgets	School, Worship Places, Parks and playgrounds, Community halls, Libraries	National highway, Railway, Dams and rivers, Airports and seaports

Question 3.
a) Who is responsible for protecting community and national resources?
b) How can we protect such resources?
Answer:
a) Community Resources: Protected and managed by local communities with the help of Panchayats, Municipalities, and Local Authorities.

National Resources: Owned and protected by the Government of India (through laws, policies, and agencies such as the Forest Department, Indian Railways, National Highway Authority, etc.),

b) Community Resources:

• Participate in community awareness campaigns.
• Share resources fairly without overuse.
• Report damage or misuse to local authorities.

National Resources

• Follow rules while using public transport and highways.
• Avoid wastage of electricity, water, and fuel.
• Plant trees and protect forests and wildlife.
• Support government conservation programs

Question 4.
Is petroleum a developed resource?
Answer:
Yes

Question 5.
There are many energy sources in nature that we may be able to utilize in the future. With the help of information technology, find out what they are and prepare a note on them.
Answer:
There are many energy sources in nature that have the potential to be used more efficiently in the future. Solar energy can be harnessed using advanced technologies like solar paints, flexible solar panels, and concentrated solar power, providing large-scale electricity. Wind energy from offshore and high-altitude wind turbines can capture stronger and more consistent winds. Ocean energy, including tidal energy, wave energy, and ocean thermal energy conversion, can generate electricity from the movement and temperature differences of seawater. Geothermal energy uses heat from deep within the Earth for electricity and heating, while hydrogen fuel produced from water using renewable energy can power vehicles and industries. Biomass and biofuels, including algae-based fuels, offer renewable energy while managing waste. Future technologies like nuclear fusion could provide nearly limitless clean energy, and space-based solar power could collect sunlight in space and transmit it to Earth continuously. These energy sources, researched and developed with the help of information technology, offer sustainable solutions for meeting the growing energy demands of the future.

Question 6.
Hold a classroom discussion on the importance of minerals in our daily life. Summarise the findings and prepare a table.

Answer:

Minerals	Uses
Iron	Used in construction, machinery, tods, vehicles.
Manganese	Used in making steel and batteries.
Copper	Used in electrical wires, coins, utensils.
Aluminum	Used in aircraft, automobiles, packaging (foil, cans).
Gold & Silver	Used in jewellery, coins, electronics.

Question 7.
Are all mineral-rich areas considered deposits?
Answer:
Not all mineral-rich areas are considered deposits. A mineral-rich area becomes a deposit only when the minerals are found in sufficient concentration and quantity, can be extracted profitably, and the required technology is available. Otherwise, it is just a mineral occurrence, not a deposit.

Question 8.
a) Observe the map below and identify the distribution of iron ore across the world.
b) Using the map and an atlas, identify other countries that have iron ore deposits and list them

Answer:
a.

• North America: United States of America (USA), Canada
• South America: Brazil, Venezuela
• Europe: France, Germany, Sweden, Ukraine, Russia, United Kingdom
• Africa: South Africa, Liberia, Algeria
• Asia: India, China, Kazakhstan
• Australia: Australia

b. Other countries

• Mexico
• Spain
• Iran
• Mongolia
• Malaysia

Question 9.
Mark the distribution of iron on an outline map of the world and include it in My Own Atlas.
Answer:

Question 10.
a. Identify the distribution of copper in the world. Mark the major copper-producing regions on an outline map of the world and include it in My Own Atlas.
b. Find the location of Chile in the Atlas.
c. Prepare a list of countries that are leading in copper production. Find out the speciality of the Collahuasi Copper Mine, also.
Answer:
a.
b.

c. Leading Copper-Producing Countries

• Chile
• Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
• Peru
• China
• United States
• Russia
• Australia
• Zambia

Collahuasi Mine (Chile):

• One of the world’s largest copper mines.
• Produces copper and molybdenum concentrates.
• Located at high altitude (4,500 m) in northern Chile.
• Joint venture: Anglo American & Glencore (44% each), Mitsui (12%).
• Uses modern, sustainable mining techniques.

Question 11.
Examine the table given below and find out which is the main ore of the metal, aluminium.

Answer:
Bauxite is the main ore of Aluminium.

Question 12.
Mark the distribution of bauxite on an outline map of the world and include it in ‘My Own Atlas’.
Answer:

Question 13.
Identify the distribution of the world’s major non-metallic minerals using information technology. Mark their distribution on an outline map of the world and include it in My Own Atlas.
Answer:
a.

Mineral	Major Producing Countries
Limestone	China, USA, India, Brazil, Germany
Gypsum	USA, Iran, China, Thailand, Spain
Phosphate	Morocco, USA, China, Jordan, Russia
Potash	Canada, Russia, Belarus, China, Germany
Sulfur	USA, China, Canada, Russia, Saudi Arabia
Salt	China, USA, India, Germany, Australia

b. (Hints: Mark these given countries in the world map.)

Question 14.
List the energy sources you are familiar with.
Answer:

• Solar Energy
• Hydel (Hydroelectric) Power
• Biofuel energy
• Coal
• Petroleum

Question 15.
When do energy sources become resources?
Answer:
Energy sources become resources when they are harnessed, accessed, and utilized by humans to fulfill needs for sustenance, economic activity, or cultural requirements, provided they are technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable. The transformation from a mere form of energy to a usable resource depends on the application of human technology and effort to convert raw natural materials or phenomena into forms that can be consumed.

Question 16.
Complete the table by classifying the energy resources given below into two categories:
Solar energy, hydroelectricity, coal, petroleum, tidal energy, geothermal energy, wind, natural gas, nuclear energy, bioenergy

Answer:

Energy resources
Non-Renewable resources/Conventional resources	Renewable resources/Non-conventional resources
• Natural Gas	• Geothermal energy
• Coal	• Solar energy
• Petroleum	• Hydroelectricity
• Nuclear energy	• Tidal energy
	• Wind
	• Bio energy

Question 17.
The characteristics of both conventional and non- conventional energy resources are given in the table. Complete it.

Answer:

Non-Renewable resources/ Conventional resources	Renewable resources/ Non-conventional resources
■ These resources get depleted and exhausted with use.	■ Available in plenty
■ They cause pollution.	■ Eco-friendly
■ Very expensive to maintain, extract, and transport	■ Usually pollution-free
■ Availability is limited	■ Can be reused or naturally replenished.

Question 18.
List the major fossil fuels.
Answer:

1. Coal,
2. Petroleum (oil),
3. Natural gas.

Question 19.
a) Mark the distribution of coal deposits on a world outline map and include it in My Own Atlas,
b) Using information technology, find out which country has the largest coal reserves in the world.
Answer:
a)

b) The United States has the largest proven coal reserves in the world, holding the most economically extractable coal among all nations. Other countries with significant coal reserves include Russia, Australia, and China.

Question 20.
Prepare a note on the importance of petroleum based on the indicators given below.
• Domestic need
• Petrochemical industry
• Fertilizers
• Artificial fiber, drugs (Medicines)
Answer:
• Domestic Need: Used as fuel for cooking, heating, and transportation.
• Petrochemical Industry: Raw material for making plastics, synthetic rubber, and other chemicals.
• Fertilisers: Help produce chemical fertilisers to increase crop yield.
• Artificial Fibers & Drags: Used to make synthetic fabrics (like nylon) and some medicines.

Question 21.
Identify the regions where petroleum deposits are found in the world. Mark these regions on the outline map of the world and include it in My Own Atlas.
Answer:

• Gulf of Mexico (USA)
• Alaska
• Venezuela
• North Sea (near UK and Norway)
• North Africa (Libya, Algeria)
• West Africa (Nigeria)
• Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq. Iran. Kuwait. UAE)
• Kazakhstan
• India’s west coast
• China (east and northeast)
• Western Canada
• Brazil (offshore)

Question 22.
Hold a classroom discussion on the topic, ‘Uncontrolled Consumption of Fossil Fuels and the Energy Crisis’, and prepare a note on it.
Answer:
Uncontrolled Use: Excessive burning of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Consequences:

• Causes air pollution and global warming.
• Non-renewable resources get exhausted quickly.
• Leads to higher energy costs and a shortage of fuels.

Energy Crisis: Occurs when the demand for energy exceeds the supply, affecting homes, transportation, and industries.

Solution:

• Use renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro.
• Promote energy conservation and efficient use.

Conclusion: Wise use of energy and a shift to renewable sources are essential to prevent an energy crisis and protect the environment.

Std 10 Geography Chapter 8 Notes Kerala Syllabus – Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare a project on the utilisation of resources in your area and present your findings in class.
Answer:
(Hints)

1. Step 1: Introduction
   • Explain about resources and why their utilisation is important.
2. Step 2: Identify Local Resources (land, water, forest, minerals)
3. Step 3: List the Utilisation of Resources Describe how each resource is used:
   • Land – for farming, houses, roads.
   • Water – for drinking, irrigation, industries.
   • Lorest/trees – for fuel, fruits.
4. • Step 4: Sustainable Use and Conservation
   • Are people using the resources wisely or ovenising them?
   • Mention conservation practices, if any (rainwater harvesting, afforestation etc.)
5. Step 5: Analyze the Problems (electricity cuts, drinking water scarcity. Pollution)
6. Step 6: Suggestions/Conclusion
   • Summarize your findings.
   • Highlight the importance of careful use of resources for future generations.

Question 2.
Deliver a speech on the topic: “The Role of Children in Sustainable Development.”
Answer:
(Model)
Good morning respected teachers and friends,

Today I am hereto speak on the topic “The Role of Children in Sustainable Development.”
Sustainable development means using the Earth’s resources carefully so that both present and future generations can live happily. Children play a crucial role in this because they are the future caretakers of our planet.

We can help by conserving water and electricity, planting trees, reducing plastic use, and maintaining a clean environment. We should also follow the 3Rs—reduce, reuse, and recycle. Small actions like these make a big difference.

If every child develops these habits, we can build a greener and safer world for tomorrow.

Thank you.

Question 3.
Visit houses or units in your locality that generate electricity from solar energy. Observe the purposes for which solar energy is used.
Answer:
(Hints: Visit houses in your locality and find the purposes for which solar energy is used)
Eg: Lighting, Fans and Small Appliances, Water Heating, Pumping Water, etc.

Towards Sustainability Class 10 Notes Pdf

• A resource is anything that satisfies human needs and occurs naturally, is technologically feasible, and culturally acceptable.
• Humans can be considered as resources because they create and develop resources using their abilities, skills, and technology.
• Resources can be classified into two categories: Natural resources and Man-Made resources.
• Resources can also be classified into different categories based on their origin, renewability, ownership, and state of development.
• Based on the origin, resources are classified into two types: Biotic Resources and Abiotic Resources.
• Based on their replenishment capacity or renewability, resources can be classified into two types: Renewable resources and Non-renewable resources.
• Resources can also be classified into different types based on their ownership: Personal resources, Community resources, National resources and International resources.
• Based on the state of development, resources can be classified into Potential resources and Developed resources.
• Materials that can meet human needs but for which humans do not have the appropriate technology to utilize are called stocks.
• Natural resources are substances, objects, or forms of energy that are obtained from nature and are useful to humans.
• Natural resources include air, water, soil, minerals, plants, animals, fossil fuels, and more. We
  depend on these resources to meet our domestic, agricultural, industrial, and energy needs.
• Natural resources such as mineral resources and energy resources are indispensable to human life.
• Minerals are naturally occurring organic or inorganic substances with definite chemical and physical properties.
• The Earth is rich in rocks that contain many minerals with important metaliic elements.
• Any substance that can produce heat, move objects, or generate electricity is called an energy source.
• Fossil fuels are formed from the fossilized remains of ancient plants and animals.
• All fossil fuels are nonrenewable energy sources.
• Carajas Mine the largest iron ore mine in the world. This mine is located in Brazil, a country in South America.
• Copper was often found in a relatively pure state in nature; it was easy to extract and use.
• Gypsum, limestone, kaolin, and graphite are some of the major non-metallic minerals.
• Energy Conservation Day – December 14
• Resource conservation means the careful use of resources. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• The Brundtland Report, also known as Our Common Future, was the first to propose the concept of sustainable development.

INTRODUCTION

This chapter “Towards Sustainability” focuses on the importance of using resources wisely to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It explores the concept of resources and their various types, including natural resources like air, water, soil, minerals, forests, and wildlife, as well as man-made resources. The chapter also emphasizes the need for energy conservation and the sustainable use of both renewable and non-renewable resources. By understanding how resources are classified, utilized, and preserved, we can take practical steps towards creating a sustainable environment that supports life on Earth in a balanced and responsible way.

Resources

• A resource is anything that satisfies human needs and occurs naturally, is technologically feasible, and culturally acceptable.
• Based on the origin, resources are classified into two types: Biotic Resources and Abiotic Resources.
• Based on their replenishment capacity or renewability, resources can be classified into two types: Renewable resources and Nonrenewable resources.
• Resources can also be classified into different types based on their ownership: Personal resources, Community resources, National resources and International resources.
• Based on the state of development, resources can be classified into Potential resources and Developed resources.

Natural resources

• Natural resources are substances, objects, or forms of energy that are obtained from nature and are useful to humans.
• They are valuable resources available in their natural state and are not created by humans.
• Natural resources include air, water, soil, minerals, plants, animals, fossil fuels, and more.
  We depend on these resources to meet our domestic, agricultural, industrial, and energy needs.
• Natural resources such as mineral resources and energy resources are indispensable to human life.
• Minerals are naturally occurring organic or inorganic substances with definite chemical and physical properties.
• The Earth is rich in rocks that contain many minerals with important metallic elements.
• When beneficial minerals found as natural occurrences in unusually high concentrations, they can be termed as mineral deposits.
• Any substance that can produce heat, move objects, or generate electricity is called an energy source.
• Fossil fuels are formed from the fossilized remains of ancient plants and animals.
• All fossil fuels are nonrenewable energy sources.

Energy conservation

• Energy Conservation Day – December 14
• The increasing population and growing demand for resources, we are alarmingly exploiting the Earth’s systems.
• Resource conservation means the careful use of resources. It refers to the sum total of all activities that ensure the availability of natural resources while minimizing excessive consumption that leads to their depletion. Herein lies the relevance of sustainable development.
• Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• The Brundtland Report, also known as Our Common Future, was the first to propose the concept of sustainable development.

RESOURCES
• A resource is anything that satisfies human needs and occurs naturally, is technologically feasible, and culturally acceptable.

The sustenance of life on Earth depends on a variety of resources. Resources are also formed as a result of human efforts. Therefore, humans are an essential element in the formation of resources. We convert the materials available in our environment into resources and use them to meet our needs. Humans can be considered as resources because they create and develop resources using their abilities, skills, and technology.

Resources can be classified into two categories: Natural resources and Man-Made resources. Resources can also be classified into different categories based on their origin, renewability, ownership, and state of development.

BIOTIC RESOURCES AND ABIOTIC RESOURCES
Based on the origin, resources are classified into two types: Biotic Resources and Abiotic Resources.

• Anything that is part of the biosphere and can be used by humans is called a biotic resource. Humans, plants, and animals are examples of biotic resources.
• Resources that are made of non-living matter are called abiotic resources. Minerals, Water, Air, Soil etc are examples of abiotic resources.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES AND NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Based on their replenishment capacity or renewability, resources can be classified into two types: Renewable resources and Non-renewable resources.

Renewable Resources
These are resources that are continuously produced or replenished in nature through physical or chemical processes. Many of them do not diminish after use and can be reused. These resources are considered sustainable as long as they are-not overused. Most renewable resources are readily available to humans. Eg: Sunlight, Wind, Geothermal heat, Biomass, Waves, Ocean currents

Non-renewable resources
The air we breathe and sunlight are available in unlimited quantities. Non-renewable resources are those that have been formed over millions of years and whose reserves decrease with use. Some of these, like metals, can be reused, but others, like fossil fuels, deplete with use and cannot be reused. Eg: Minerals, Fossil fuels (Coal, Petroleum), Natural gas, Nuclear fuels (uranium, thorium)

RESOURCES BASED ON OWNERSHIP
Resources can also be classified into different types based on their ownership.

POTENTIAL RESOURCES AND DEVELOPED RESOURCES
Based on the state of development, resources can be classified into Potential resources and Developed resources

• Potential Resources are resources that are found in a region but are not yet fully utilized.
  For example, Rajasthan and Gujarat have a huge potential fdr generating energy from wind and solar power, but these sources are currently only marginally used for power generation.
• Developed Resources are resources whose quantity and quality have been surveyed, assessed, and adequate technology has been developed to utilize them efficiently. Development of resources depends on technology and their potential.
  Eg: Coal mines, Petroleum wells, Irrigated agricultural land, etc.
• Materials that can meet human needs but for which humans do not have the appropriate technology to utilize are called stocks.
• Hydrogen can be utilized as a rich source of energy, but we have not yet developed the advanced technology to use it as a resource today. There are many energy sources in nature that we may be able to utilize in the future.

NATURAL RESOURCES

• Natural resources are substances, objects, or forms of energy that are obtained from nature and are useful to humans.
• They are valuable resources available in their natural state and are not created by humans.
• Natural resources include air, water, soil, minerals, plants, animals, fossil fuels, and more. We depend on these resources to meet our domestic, agricultural, industrial, and energy needs.
• Natural resources such as mineral resources and energy resources are indispensable to human life.

Resources that can be exploited with the help of existing technology, but whose use has not yet begun and may be utilized later to meet future needs, are called reserves.

MINERAL RESOURCES

• Minerals are naturally occurring organic or inorganic substances with definite chemical and physical properties.
• They are chemical compounds in which atoms are arranged in a specific manner. Most minerals are
  formed by the combination of two or more elements, while only a few elements occur in their pure (elemental) state in nature.
• The welfare of the people, the development of science and technology, and the economic growth of a country depend, to some extent, on the availability of minerals.
  Natural resources are classified into two types based on their distribution: ubiquitous resources and localised resources. Ubiquitous resources are those found everywhere. Examples: air, solar energy, water etc. Localised resources are those found only in certain parts of the world. Examples: metal ores, fossil fuels, etc.

• The Earth is rich in rocks that contain many minerals with important metallic elements.
  Metallic elements can be extracted from these rocks at a relatively low cost. Ores are Earth materials from which one or more metals can be extracted profitably. A metal can be extracted from more than one type of ore. For example, iron can be extracted from minerals such as hematite and magnetite. Similarly, more than one metal can also be obtained from a single ore deposit. Our Earth is rich in a variety of metals.

The metals we commonly use and their important ores are given below:

When beneficial minerals found as natural occurrences in unusually high concentrations, they can be termed as mineral deposits.
Mineral Deposits
Iron

• Carajas Mine the largest iron ore mine in the world. This mine is located in Brazil, a country in South America.
• The largest reserves of iron ore are found in countries like Australia, Brazil, and Russia.
• India is also one of the major iron-producing countries in the world.
• Iron is a key component in the manufacturing of steel.
• About 98% of the iron ore mined worldwide is used to produce steel.
• Nearly 50 countries are involved in iron ore mining. Steel plays a crucial role in maintaining a strong industrial base.

Copper

• Copper was often found in a relatively pure state in nature; it was easy to extract and use.
• Early humans used copper for decorative purposes and for making tools and weapons.
• Today, copper has become an indispensable metal in the electrical industry, as it is used in making wires, electric motors, transformers, and generators.
• Chile is the world’s leading producer of copper.

In addition to iron and copper, there are many other metals that are very useful to humans. Aluminium is used for making electrical wires, motor vehicles, airplanes, cans, and buildings. Manganese is indispensable in metal processing and steel production. Lead is used in making batteries and ceramic products. Chromium is important for the production of stainless steel.

Non-metallic minerals: It is generally do not have the metallic luster that is typical of metals. They are mined for various industrial purposes. These minerals are used either in their natural state, as raw materials after purification, or in combination with other minerals. Gypsum, limestone, kaolin, and graphite are some of the major non-metallic minerals.

ENERGY RESOURCES

• Any substance, that can produce heat, move objects, or generate electricity is called an energy source.
• A substance that releases energy through a chemical process is known as a fuel.
• The earth has provided humankind with plenty of energy resources. Humans rely on these resources for food production, transportation, healthcare, and almost every sector of human activity.

Fossil fuels
It belongs to the category of non-renewable resources, but they are very important sources of energy. Fossil , fuels are formed from the fossilized remains of ancient plants and animals.

Coal

• Coal is generally the rock formations that originate from plant remains and has a high carbon content. These are carbon-rich sedimentary deposits found in black or brown colour.
• Coal is used as a fuel in metallurgy (the process of extracting metals from their ores and refining them for use).
• It is also used as a chemical raw material in the manufacturing of waxes, ointments, medicines, pesticides, and dyes.
• Coal is a major source of energy for thermal power generation.

Petroleum

• It is not known exactly when humans first began using petroleum. In ancient times, people considered the fire produced from natural gas seeping through surface pores to be sacred and worshiped it.
• Asphalt was used to waterproof boats and to regulate indoor temperatures during cold seasons.
• In ancient Egypt, it was also used in pyramid construction and for preserving mummies.
• As it originates from rocks, this fuel is called petroleum, meaning ‘rock oil’.
• The naturally occurring, complex liquid mixture called petroleum is also etymologically referred to as ‘black gold’.

With the Industrial Revolution, petroleum gained importance as it became a primary fuel for machines, replacing coal. Since petroleum became available from the Middle East at very low cost, it has significantly changed human life. Today, petroleum, which remains the primary source of energy, has a profound influence on human life.

• Naturally occurring petroleum is usually black or brown in colour, though it can also appear green or yellow.
• Crude petroleum, a mixture of various components obtained from the Earth, is sent to a refinery to be converted into fuel.
• Petrol, jet fuel, lubricants (used to reduce friction), asphalt, and many other products are extracted from crude oil.
• Thousands of products, including paints, medicines, synthetic fibers, fertilizers, and cosmetics, are produced from petroleum today.

All fossil fuels are nonrenewable energy sources – their reserves will diminish with use and eventually disappear from the Earth forever. Historical records indicate that coal was the first fossil fuel used in the world. It was commonly used as fuel in furnaces to extract metals from their ores. Petroleum began to be used for commercial purposes in the 19th century, and its usage has been rising ever since. Natural gas is another fossil fuel that is widely used today, especially in the domestic sector. If fossil fuels become scarce, all developmental activities will come to a standstill. The uncontrolled use of these non-renewable energy sources could lead to a major energy crisis in the future. It means we need to develop energy sources that can be regenerated. So we must rely bn non-conventional energy sources that are abundantly available and can last for a long time.

NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

ENERGY CONSERVATION

• We need to protect the Earth as a safe haven for the very existence of life.
• Energy Conservation Day – December 14
• The increasing population and growing demand for resources, we are alarmingly exploiting the Earth’s systems.

Natural resources are gradually dwindling, and a time may come when they will no longer be available to future generations. Therefore, it is essential to maintain a balance between resource consumption and development. This brings us to the idea of conserving natural resources. In a broad sense, conservation of natural resources means protecting the Earth itself so that it can retain its self-regenerative capacity.

Utilising natural resources without harming the ecosystem or affecting the global climate is essential for human survival. We must develop energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectricity, and geothermal energy, simultaneously reducing the use of fossil fuels, which are scarce, costly to replenish, and have adverse environmental impacts.

• Resource conservation means the careful use of resources.
• It refers to the sum total of all activities that ensure the availability of natural resources while minimizing excessive consumption that leads to their depletion. Herein lies the relevance of sustainable development.

Sustainable development
■ Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

We can move forward by engaging in activities that aim to achieve the objectives of sustainable development, protect the Earth, and conserve resources for a better tomorrow.

It was the Brundtland Commission Report of 1987 that made a significant contribution to resource conservation at the global level. The Brundtland Report, also known as Our Common Future, was the first to propose the concept of sustainable development.