Students rely on Geography Class 10 Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 2 Climatic Regions and Climate Change to help self-study at home.
Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Important Questions and Answers Climatic Regions and Climate Change
Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Climatic Regions and Climate Change Important Questions
Climatic Regions and Climate Change Class 10 Important Questions
Question 1.
What is the name given to the winds that blow from the east to west?
a) Westerly winds
b) Monsoon winds
c) Westerly winds
d) Gusty winds
Answer:
(b) Monsoon winds
Question 2.
The temperate grasslands are located at which latitudes?
(a) Between 10° and 30° latitudes
(b) Between 40° and 50° latitudes
(c) Between 30° and 60° latitudes
(d) Between 35° and 40° latitudes
Answer:
(b) Between 40° and 50° latitudes
Question 3.
What are the major crops in the savanna climatic region?
(a) Deciduous trees and tall grass
(b) Deciduous forests
(c) Moist forests
(d) Cypress trees
Answer:
(a) Deciduous trees and tall grass
Question 4.
What is the annual temperature of the tropical deserts?
(a) 15°C
(b) 20°C
(c) 30°C
(d) 40°C
Answer:
(c) 30°C
Question 5.
The climatic categories in which short summer and long winters are experienced in ……………………
(a) Hot deserts
(b) Taiga region
(c) Tundra region
(d) Monsoon climatic region
Answer:
(b) Taiga region
Question 6.
What is the average summer temperature in the taiga region?
(a) 15°C to 20°C
(b) 21°C to 32°C
(c) -13°C to -25°C
(d) 20°C to 25°C
Answer:
(a) 15°C to 20°C
Question 7.
What are the main types of trees found in the taiga region?
(a) Deciduous trees
(b) Evergreen trees
(c) Coniferous trees
(d) Small shrubs
Answer:
(c) Coniferous trees
Question 8.
The main characteristic of the Mediterranean climatic region is ……………………
(a) High rainfall throughout the year
(b) Dry summers and humid winters
(c) Dry weather throughout the year
(d) Cool summers and warm winters
Answer:
(b) Dry summers and humid winters
Question 9.
The main livelihoods of the people of the savanna region are:
(a) Agriculture and fishing
(b) Animal husbandry and farming
(c) Mining and industry
(d) Trade and tourism
Answer:
(b) Animal husbandry and farming
Question 10.
What type of climate is experienced in the tropical grasslands?
(a) Short summers and long winters
(b) Long summers and short winters
(c) Cold summers and dry winters
(d) Mild summers and mild winters
Answer:
(a) Short summers and long winters
Question 11.
From the following, find out the reasons for monsoon region becoming one of the most densely populated region of the world.
(a) High rainfall
(b) Availability of labour
(c) Agricultural potential
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these
Question 12.
Identify the reason for the rain in the equatorial climate zone every day afternoon.
(a) Convection rain
(b) Winter rain
(c) Cyclone
(d) Monsoon rain
Answer:
a) Convection rain
Question 13.
To which climate category does the Indian subcontinent belong to?
(a) Sahara Desert
(b) Mediterranean coastal regions
(c) Monsoon climate
(d) Prairie of North America
Answer:
(c) Monsoon climate
Question 14.
What types of forests are commonly found in monsoon climate zones?
(a) Deciduous trees, grasslands
(b) Shrubs, bushes
(c) Deciduous forests
(d) Taiga forests
Answer:
(c) Deciduous forests
Question 15.
………………….. are the seasonal reversal of wind system.
(a) Monsoons
(b) Winter
(c) Spring
(d) Autumn
Answer:
(a) Monsoons
Question 16.
Why are savanna grasslands known by different names in different regions? What are some of their local names?
Answer:
The different names are due to the geographical features and differences in flora and fauna in different regions. In Africa, they are called savanna, in southern Brazil, they are called campos, and in Venezuela, they are called llanos.
Question 17.
What are the main crops and their economic importance in the Mediterranean climate zone?
Answer:
Fruits and vegetables are the cultivated in this region. Cereals and pulses are also cultivated wherever possible. Agricultural practices developed according to the climate conditions and related activities make the Mediterranean region an area of great economic importance. As in the tropics, in the interior of the subtropical zone, the maritime influence is minimal and treeless grasslands are found. These are the temperate grasslands. About 70 precent of citrus fruit export comes from the Mediterranean countries.
Question 18.
What is greenhouse effect? How has it paved way for Global warming?
Answer:
Certain gases – in the atmosphere are capable of trapping solar energy (insolation) in the atmosphere. Gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are known as Greenhouse Gases. Greenhouse gases allow sunlight to pass into the earth’s surface and keep the atmosphere warm by intercepting terrestrial radiation returning from the Earth’s surface. This process is known as the Greenhouse Effect of the Atmosphere. Some human activities result in excess production of greenhouse gases. Due to this, the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere becomes stronger and the temperature increases. This increase in atmospheric temperature is called Global warming. Burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum, industrial effluents and solid waste are the sources of excess greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Global warming accelerates climate change.
Question 19.
What are the main plants in the taiga region? Why is this region called Taiga?
Answer:
Taiga climatic region is absent in high latitudes of Southern Hemisphere because the extent of landmass is generally less. This region is dominated by sub-Arctic coniferous evergreen trees. Taiga is the Russian word for ‘coniferous trees’. This region is named as Taiga because of the abundance of such coniferous trees. Coniferous trees such as pine, fir and spruce are the main vegetation types.
Question 20.
Define the term climatic refugees.
Answer:
Many people are being forcibly displaced by the impacts of climate change-induced disasters such as droughts, floods, desertification, sea-level rise, and sea inundation. They are forced to migrate to other regions or countries. Such migrations are called climate migration. UN figures indicate that around 50 million people have been displaced due to climate-related events. Those who have to leave their homes and livelihood due to climate- related phenomena are called climate refugees.
Question 21.
Match the following.
| A | B |
| Establishment of World Meteorological Organisation | 1992 |
| Earth Summit | 2023 |
| G 20 Summit | 1950 |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Establishment of World Meteorological Organisation | 1950 |
| Earth Summit | 1992 |
| G 20 Summit | 2023 |
Question 22.
Between which latitudes is the Taiga climate region located? What are the main climatic features here?
Answer:
- It is a cold region located between latitudes of 55° and 70° in the Northern Hemisphere.
- Short summers and long winters are experienced there. Summer temperature is from 15° C to 20° C while winter temperature drops up to -13° C to -25 ° C.
- This region receives an annual rainfall of 50 cm to 70 cm. In winter, precipitation is in the form of snowfall.
Question 23.
What are the main features of the tundra region?
Answer:
Tundra region is the extreme cold zone extending from north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and the Arctic coasts of Europe and Asia. Here winter temperature ranges from -25°C to -40°C and the summer temperature rises up to 10°C. Precipitation is mainly in the form of snowfall. Only a few plants can survive in the harsh climatic conditions of the Tundra region.
Question 24.
Define climate change and differentiate between natural and anthropogenic climate change.
Answer:
According to the UN, climate change refers to a long-term shift in weather patterns and temperatures caused by human activity or natural variability.
Climate change can be classified into: Natural climate change, which results from internal earth processes like volcanic activity or variations in solar radiation. These changes are beyond human control. Anthropogenic climate change, which is caused by human activities such as industrialisation, deforestation, land use changes, and urbanisation.
Question 25.
Name the major climatic region in the world.
Answer:
- Equatorial climatic region
- Monsoon climatic region
- Savanna climatic region
- Hot deserts
- Temperate grasslands
- Mediterranean climatic region
- Taiga region
- Tundra region
Question 26.
How do climate change and sea level rise threaten countries like Nepal and the Maldives?
Answer:
Nepal, located in the Himalayas, faces rapid melting of glaciers at a rate of 12 to 20 meters per year due to rising global temperatures, affecting ecosystems and water resources.
The Maldives, with an average elevation of only 1.5 meters above sea level, is at risk of being completely submerged if the sea level rises by 2.5 meters. The global sea level is rising at approximately 0.42 cm per year, increasing the threat to low-lying island nations.
Question 27.
What are the key elements of climate, and how do changes in these elements lead to climate change? Answer:
The key elements of climate are atmospheric temperature, pressure, winds, precipitation, and humidity. Climate change occurs when there is a significant shift in the quantity, distribution, and seasonal pattern of these elements. Such changes can alter weather patterns and ecosystems, affecting both regional and global environments.
Question 28.
Monsoon climate is characterised by long and humid summer and short dry winter. Elucidate.
Answer:
- Monsoons are the seasonal reversal of wind system
- These winds blow from sea to land in summer and get reversed from land to sea in winter.
- This region is known as a monsoon climatic region because of the decisive influence of monsoon winds.
Monsoon climate is characterised by long and humid summer and short dry winter. In monsoon climatic regions, diurnal range of temperature is very low in coastal areas and very high in the interiors. Depending on the factors like physiography, direction of wind, and distance from the coast, rainfall distribution also varies in the monsoon regions. Regions with as little as 50 cm of rainfall to areas receiving over 1000 cm of annual rainfall can be found in this region.
Question 29.
Describe the main characteristics of the Savanna region in terms of climate, vegetation, wildlife, and human activities.
Answer:
The Savanna region, located between 10° and 30° latitudes in both hemispheres, experiences hot and humid summers and cool, dry winters. It receives 25cm to 125cm of rainfall annually, with average temperatures between 21°C and 32°C. Vegetation consists mainly of deciduous trees and tall grasses, with thorny bushes appearing closer to deserts. The region supports a variety of wildlife, including herbivores like giraffes and zebras, and carnivores such as lions and tigers. Due to relatively fertile soil and low rainfall, dry farming is practiced, and animal husbandry is common. Indigenous tribes like the Maasai lead pastoral lives, while cash crops like cotton (Sudan) and coffee (Brazil) are grown in former European colonies.
Question 30.
Explain how the topography, wind direction, and distance from the coast affect the availability of rainfall in the monsoon climate zone. Describe the agricultural practices and major crops in this climate zone.
Answer:
The main factors that affect the availability of rainfall in the monsoon region are topography, wind direction, and distance from the coast. Areas with mountainous terrain are likely to receive more rainfall due to the blocking of winds. Changes in wind direction affect the amount and distribution of rainfall. The amount of rainfall is higher in areas close to the coast because there is more moisture. However, the amount of rainfall is likely to decrease as you move inland.
The high rainfall and fertile soil make the monsoon climate region an important agricultural region. Intensive subsistence farming is the mainstay here. Tropical crops such as rice, maize, jute, cotton, oilseeds, and sugarcane are cultivated in this region. In some rare areas, shifting cultivation methods also exist. The species and diversity of plant species change according to the differences in rainfall availability.
Question 31.
Describe the main characteristics of hot deserts and explain how human life has adapted to these harsh environments.
Answer:
Hot deserts are regions that receive very little rainfall, typically less than 25 cm annually, and may go without rain for several years. They are among the hottest places on Earth, with an average annual temperature of around 30°,C. Extreme temperatures are common, with places like A1 Aziziya in the Sahara Desert recording highs of 58°C. These regions also experience a high diurnal range of temperature, making the climate harsh and challenging for survival.
Most tropical deserts are found on the western margins of continents due to the effect of trade winds. As these winds travel from the east to the west across continents, they lose moisture, leaving the western margins dry throughout the year. Vegetation in deserts includes drought-resistant plants like cacti, shrubs, and palms. Oases, where underground water reaches the surface, serve as fertile spots that support some vegetation and human settlements.
Human adaptation in desert regions includes practices like dry farming and animal husbandry. Despite sparse population, indigenous tribes such as the Bushmen of the Kalahari have learned to survive in these conditions. Economic activities such as mining have also contributed to human settlement-examples include gold mining in Australia, copper mining in the Atacama Desert, and petroleum extraction in the Sahara and Arabian deserts, which have significantly transformed these regions.
Question 32.
Describe the main causes of climate change and its some impacts experienced globally. What are the international efforts to prevent climate change?
Answer:
Human activities such as excessive use of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum, industrial waste, and deforestation are increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is a major cause of global warming and climate change. As a result of climate change, many impacts are being felt all over the world. The average sea level is rising, the ice in the poles is melting, desertification is spreading, global temperatures are increasing, and unseasonal and extreme rainfall occurs. This affects the stability of climate zones and disrupts the ecological balance. Many efforts are being made at the international level to prevent climate change. The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), Stockholm Conference (1972), Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit (1992), Kyoto Protocol (1997), Montreal Protocol (1987), Paris Agreement (2015), and G20 Summit (2023) are some of the important ones. The goals of these agreements are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, use renewable energy sources, and protect forests.
Question 33.
Climate change-induced displacement and climate refugees are becoming a major global problem. Explain the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. What can be done at the individual and societal levels to find a solution to this?
Answer:
Many people are forced to leave their homes due to disasters such as drought, floods, desertification, and rising sea levels caused by climate change. These types of displacements are called, climate displacements and these people are called climate refugees. According to UN estimates, about 50 million people have been displaced globally due to climate-related reasons. This phenomenon makes the lives of those affected miserable. They lose their homes and livelihoods. This causes many social and economic problems. The increasing number of displaced people is creating refugee problems in many countries. Collective efforts are needed at the individual and societal levels to find a solution to this problem. Promoting energy efficiency, protecting forests, making lifestyle changes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power are some of the things that can be done at the individual level. At the societal level, we can do things like implement laws against climate change, regulate industries that emit greenhouse gases, prioritize sustainable development, and raise awareness about climate change. Only through global cooperation can we find a lasting solution to this serious problem.
Question 34.
Compare and write a note on the major climatic regions given below based on their location, livelihoods, human life etc.
Hints:
1. Equatorial climatic region
2. Monsoon climatic region
3. Savanna climatic region
Answer:
Equatorial climatic region: This climatic region extends up to 10° North and South of the equator. Evergreen forests are abundant in the equatorial climatic region due to high temperatures and high rainfall. The equatorial climatic region is characterised by high temperatures and high rainfall throughout the year. This climatic region is hotter because sun’s rays fall almost vertically throughout the year. This results in higher air convection and convectional precipitation. These areas receive rainfall every day in the afternoon.
Monsoon climatic region: Monsoons are the seasonal reversal of wind system. These winds blow from sea to land in summer and get reversed from land to sea in winter. This region is known as a monsoon climatic region because of the decisive influence of monsoon winds. Monsoon climate is characterised by long and humid summer and short dry winter. In monsoon climatic regions, diurnal range of temperature is very low in coastal areas and very high in the interiors. Depending on the factors like physiography, direction of wind, and distance from the coast, rainfall distribution also varies in the monsoon regions. Regions with as little as 50 cm of rainfall to areas receiving over 1000 cm of annual rainfall can be found in this region. Evergreen and deciduous trees are generally found here. Monsoon forests, also known as tropical deciduous forests, have a mixture of different types of trees depending on the amount of rainfall received. Monsoon region is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. High rainfall and availability of labour keep the monsoon climatic region an important agricultural region. Tropical crops like rice, sugarcane, jute, cotton, tea and coffee, are cultivated here.
- Intensive subsistence agriculture is prevailing in this region.
- In rare areas, shifting cultivation, a primitive subsistence agriculture, also exists.
Savanna climatic region: Savannas are tropical grasslands found between 10° and 30° latitudes in both the hemispheres. Tropical grasslands have hot and humid summers and cool and dry winters. These grasslands are known by different names in different regions. It is known as Savanna in Africa, Campos in Southern Brazil and Llanos in Venezuela. The annual average temperature here is between 21° C and 32° C, and it also receives annual rainfall of 25 cm to 125 cm. Deciduous trees and tall grasses are the dominant vegetation of this region. As we move closer to the deserts, short bushes and thorny forests are seen. The forests and grasslands here provide a favourable habitat for wild animals. Herbivorous animals like giraffes and zebras abound in these grasslands. Carnivorous animals like lion and tiger are also found here. Soil found here is relatively fertile, due to low rainfall, ‘dry farming’ that requires less amount of water, is adopted. Animal husbandry and agriculture are the means of livelihood of the people. Population density is generally low in the savanna region. Maasai, an indigenous tribe of the African savanna, leads a pastoral life. Cash crops are cultivated extensively in the savanna areas of former European colonies.
Question 35.
Write a note on cold regions in the world.
Hints:
(a) Taiga region
(b) Tundra region
Answer:
Taiga region: It is a cold region located between latitudes of 55° and 70° in the Northern Hemisphere. Short summers and long winters are experienced there. Summer temperature is from 15° C to 20° C while winter temperature drops up to -13° C to -25 ° C. This region receives an annual rainfall of 50 cm to 70 cm. In winter, precipitation is in the form of snowfall. The Taiga climatic region is absent in the high latitudes of the Southern hemisphere because the extent of landmass is generally less. Sub-Arctic coniferous evergreen frees dominate this region. Taiga is the Russian word for ‘coniferous trees’. This region is named as Taiga because of the abundance of such coniferous trees. Coniferous trees such as pine, fir and spruce are the main vegetation types.
- Most of the crops cannot be grown in sub-Arctic climates. Hence, the cultivation is very less in this region.
- Lumbering and wool industry are the main economic activities. The lumbering industry is very popular in the Canadian Taiga region.
- As we move from the Taiga region to the polar region, the height of vegetation decreases and becomes sparse and less in number. Only frigid vegetation such as shrubs and mosses can be found in regions close to the Poles.
Tundra region: The Tundra region is the extreme cold zone extending from north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and the Arctic coasts of Europe and Asia. Here, winter temperature ranges from -25°C to -40°C, and the summer temperature rises up to 10°C. Precipitation is mainly in the form of snowfall. Only a few plants can survive in the harsh climatic conditions of the Tundra region. Plants grow only in summer. Due to the very short growing season available, short shrubs and mosses are the main plants found here. The native people of this region, such as Eskimos and Lappas, lead a semi-nomadic life. Arctic regions are the regions with relatively little human intervention. Scientists and explorers are continuing their studies in this region in search of future possibilities for mankind.
Question 36.
Discuss the causes, impacts, and international responses to climate change.”
Hints:
• Climate change and Natural vs. anthropogenic causes
• Impact on regions (Nepal, Maldives)
• Effect on climate elements and ecosystems
• Role of human activities
• Key international agreements
• Ways to reduce human impact
• Need for global cooperation
Answer:
Climate change refers to a long-term shift in weather patterns and temperatures, caused either by natural variability or human activities. According to the UN, climate change is one of the most pressing global issues, resulting in rising temperatures and sea levels. Key human activities like industrialisation, land use changes, and urbanisation significantly contribute to climate change. Climate change can be divided into two types: natural and anthropogenic. Natural climate change occurs due to endogenic Earth processes, such as volcanic eruptions and changes in solar radiation, and cannot be controlled by human actions. On the other hand, anthropogenic (human – induced) climate change arises from activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
Countries like Nepal and the Maldives are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Nepal, being a mountainous nation, faces rapid glacial melting – estimated at 12 to 20 meters per year. This threatens water sources and regional ecosystems. The Maldives, with an average elevation of just 1.5 meters, is at risk of total submersion if sea levels rise by even 2.5 meters. Symbolic cabinet meetings held at Mount Everest and underwater in the Maldives were meant to raise awareness about these dangers.
Climate change disrupts key climate elements – temperature, pressure, wind patterns, humidity, and precipitation leading to severe ecological consequences. It destabilises climate zones, affects biodiversity, and puts the livelihoods of millions at risk, especially in agriculture and coastal communities.
To address this global challenge, international cooperation is crucial. Important initiatives include:
- The Stockholm Conference (1972) for environmental conservation,
- The Earth Summit (1992) which created Agenda 21,
- The Kyoto Protocol (1997) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
- The Paris Agreement (2015) to limit global warming, and
- The G20 Summit (2023), which emphasized green development and climate finance.
Although climate change cannot be entirely stopped, its pace can be slowed by reducing human-induced factors. This includes adopting renewable energy, conserving forests, improving waste management, and encouraging sustainable development practices.
Question 37.
How does vegetation change in the Savanna region near deserts?
Answer:
As rainfall decreases towards desert areas, tree height reduces and vegetation changes to short bushes and thorny plants.
Question 38.
What type of farming is practiced in the Savanna?
Answer:
Due to low rainfall, dry farming is practised. Animal husbandry is common. Cash crops like cotton (Sudan) and coffee (Brazil) are grown.
Question 39.
Explain the reason for daily rainfall in the equatorial region.
Answer:
The sun’s rays fall almost vertically all year, causing high temperatures, rapid air convection, and daily convectional rainfall.
Question 40.
What is a climatic region?
Answer:
A climatic region is an extensive geographical area in which similar climate characteristics like temperature and precipitation are observed. Each region has a unique climate, vegetation, and wildlife adapted to it.
Question 41.
…………………………… grasslands have hot and humid summers and cool and dry winters.
Answer:
Tropical
Question 42.
Define Hot desert?
Answer:
A hot desert is a region with very little rainfall and extremely high temperatures.
Question 43.
What is the average annual temperature in tropical deserts?
Answer:
The average annual temperature is about 30°C.
Question 44.
How much rainfall do desert regions usually receive?
Answer:
Less than 25 cm annually, and some places may go for several years without rain.
Question 45.
What types of vegetation are found in hot deserts?
Answer:
Plants like cactus, shrubs, and palms that are adapted to low rainfall.
Question 46.
What is an oasis?
Answer:
An oasis is a fertile area in a desert where water is available, often supporting plant life and human settlement.
Question 47.
The Mediterranean countries are the world’s leading producers of …………………….
Answer:
wine
Question 48.
What are Mediterranean climatic regions?
Answer:
Regions that lie between 30° and 45° latitudes, mainly on the western coasts of continents, and have a mild, wet winter and a hot, dry summer climate.
Question 49.
Why are dense forests not found in Mediterranean regions?
Answer:
Due to low and seasonal rainfall, dense forests do not grow.
Question 50.
What crops are commonly grown in the Mediterranean region?
Answer:
- Fruits and vegetables
- Cereals and pulses
- Grapevines and citrus fruits
Question 51.
Write a note on Mediterranean region.
Answer:
- The areas about mediterranean sea is the area of the mediterranean region.
- It is a region that experiences dry summers and humid winters. Temperature of around 20 – 25° C is experienced in summer.
- Highest temperature during winter is 10° C to 16° C.
- Winter rainfall of 30 to 75 cm distinguishes this region from other climatic regions.
- Rains during the winter are beneficial to the winter crops.
- The Mediterranean countries are the world’s leading producers of wine.
Question 52.
How much rainfall do temperate grasslands receive annually?
Answer:
They receive 25 cm to 60 cm of rainfall annually, with significant fluctuations.
Question 53.
‘Humans trying to utilise every possible area on Earth, including grasslands’. Elucidate
Answer:
Due to the growing population and increasing human needs, there is a continuous effort to utilise all possible land resources.
Question 54.
Who are the traditional inhabitants of temperate grasslands?
Answer:
The traditional inhabitants are mostly shepherds, as the region serves as natural grazing land.
Question 55.
What are the names given for the temperate grasslands in different parts of the world?
Answer:
| Continents | Name of the Grassland |
| North America | Prairies |
| South America | Pampas |
| Europe | Steppes |
| Asia | Steppes |
| Africa | Veld |
| Australia | Downs |
Question 56.
Write the location of Tundra region.
Answer:
Tundra region is the extreme cold zone extending from north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and the Arctic coasts of Europe and Asia.
Question 57.
………………….. industry is very popular in the Canadian Taiga region.
Answer:
Lumbering
Question 58.
Taiga is the Russian word for
Answer:
coniferous trees.
Question 59.
Distinguish between Taiga and Tundra Region.
Answer:
Taiga Region
- It is a cold region located between latitudes of 55° and 70° in the Northern Hemisphere.
- Short summers and long winters are experienced there. Summer temperature is from 15° C to 20° while winter temperature drops up to -13° C to -25 ° C.
- This region receives an annual rainfall of 50 cm to 70 cm. In winter, precipitation is in the form of snowfall.
- Taiga is the Russian word for ‘coniferous trees’.
Tundra Region
- Tundra region is the extreme cold zone extending from north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and the Arctic coasts of Europe and Asia.
- Here winter temperature ranges from -25°C to -40°C and the summer temperature rises up to 10°C. Precipitation is mainly in the form of snowfall.
Question 60.
What are the two main causes of climate change?
Answer:
The two main causes of climate change are natural causes (like volcanic activity! Earth’s movements) and anthropogenic (human-made) causes such as industrialisation, deforestation, and urbanisation.
Question 61.
What is the timescale of climate change?
Answer:
Climate change can occur over a few years to millions of years.
Question 62.
Can natural climate change be controlled by humans?
Answer:
No, natural climate change resulting from internal Earth processes cannot be controlled by human efforts.
Question 63.
How does climate change affect different climatic zones?
Answer:
Climate change can alter rainfall, temperature, and wind patterns, which can destabilise climate zones and disturb the ecological balance.