SSLC History Chapter 4 Important Questions Wealth and the World

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Class 10 History Chapter 4 Important Questions and Answers Wealth and the World

Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 Wealth and the World Important Questions

Wealth and the World Class 10 Important Questions

Question 1.
In which year did the Cold War end?
Answer:
1991

Question 2.
What caused the end of the Cold War?
Answer:
The disintegration of the Soviet Union

Question 3.
Which economic system gives importance to banks and stock markets over production?
Answer:
Finance Capitalism

Question 4.
Who funded the newly independent countries after the Second World War?
Answer:
The United States

Question 5.
State True or False.
The United States and the Soviet Union are the two superpowers emerged after World War II.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Write the names of the countries that came under Axis Power.
Answer:
Italy, Germany, Japan

Question 7.
The Munich Agreement is a prime example of ……………………
Answer:
Western appeasement

Question 8.
League of nations was founded on ………………………
Answer:
January 10, 1920

Question 9.
Name the countries under Triple Alliance.
Answer:
Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary

Question 10.
England, Russia and France were together known as ……………………..
Answer:
Triple Entente

Question 11.
The First World War lasted from ……………………. to …………………………
Answer:
1914 to 1918.

Question 12.
Complete ‘b’ by analysing the relation of ‘a’.
a. Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary: Triple alliance
b. England, Russia, France: ………………………..
Answer:
Triple Entente

Question 13.
The silver and gold collected as wealth were known as ………………………
Answer:
Bullion

Question 14.
Who named the region ‘America’?
Answer:
Martin Waldseemuller

Question 15.
Finance Capitalism works with the aim of making ……………………
Answer:
huge profits.

Question 16.
United Nation Organization was formed with the aim of ensuring …(a) …………………. and ………………. (b) ………………….
Answer:
(a) global peace,
(b) security

Question 17.
World War II begins with Germany’s invasion of Poland on …………………
Answer:
September 1, 1939

Question 18.
…………………. advocated for the unification of regions in Eastern Europe inhabited by Slavic people.
Answer:
The Pan-Slav Movement

Question 19.
………………. led by Germany, aimed to unite the Teutonic (Germanic) people.
Answer:
The Pan-German Movement

Question 20.
Which among the following countries was a member of Triple Entente?
(a) France
(b) Germany
(c) Italy
(d) Austria-Hungary (MARCH 2022)
Answer:
(a) France

Question 21.
How did Industrial Revolution cause conflicts among nations?
Answer:
As a result of industrial revolution, production, profits and capital investment increased.

• With the increase in products, the colonial powers competed to find a market for their products.
• Their competition to make more colonies resulted in conflicts among nations.

Question 22.
‘Fascism was a product of the First World War’- Discuss.
Answer:
Both allies were devastated by the First World War. Many European governments lost their power. People were in misery. Their entire system was grasped by inflation, unemployment, and poverty. Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany rose to power, capitalising on the political and economic chaos prevailing then. Economic destruction, rivalry against the victors, aimlessness, etc., facilitated these forces to grab power. All these led to the emergence of fascism.

Question 23.
It was the conflicting ideologies that led to the ‘Cold War’. Evaluate.
Answer:
The USA and USSR were partners during the Second World War. but they broke apart after the war. The US led a group of capitalist countries, while the USSR led a group of socialist countries. This led to the Cold War. Ideological differences led to political and diplomatic battles during this time, establishing an atmosphere for decades of rising tensions around the world.

Question 24.
Mow does colonisation differ from imperialism?
Answer:
Using political powers and military’ Forces, the European countries economically exploited the Latin American, Asian and African countries. This is called colonisation. But the distinctive phase of flow of finance capital to colonies is known as imperialism.

Question 25.
Define the following.
a. Pan-Slav Movement
b. The Pan-German Movement
Answer:
a. The Pan-Slav Movement advocated for the unification of regions in Eastern Europe inhabited by Slavic people. Serbia, a Balkan nation, led this movement and Russia supported this.

b. Pan-German Movement: The Pan-German Movement, led by Germany, aimed to unite the Teutonic (Germanic) people. The goal of this movement was to expand German influence into Central Europe and the Balkan region.

Question 26.
What are the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles signed with Germany after the First World War? Answer:

• All of Germany’s colonies were partitioned by the Allies. Germany had to pay a huge amount as war reparations.
• The Allies took over the rich mining areas and blamed Germany for the war.
• Germany was disarmed.

Question 27.
What are the objectives of the United Nations Organisation? (First Term – 2023)
Answer:

• Save the succeeding generations from the scourge of war
• To protect international treaties and laws.
• To foster the social and economic development of countries.

Question 28.
Write a note on Non-Aligned movement.
Answer:

• Movement formed after the Second World War. It was a unity of nations that did not become part of a capitalist or socialist bloc.
• NAM was formed in the conference held at Bandung in Indonesia in 1955.
• The first conference was held in Belgrade in 1961.

Question 29.
Why pepper is important to Europeans?
Answer:
Europeans relied on spices, particularly pepper, to preserve food and for medicinal purposes. These spices were traditionally obtained through trade routes passing via Constantinople. However, after the closure of this route, Europeans were compelled to explore and establish a sea route to Asia to secure access to these valuable commodities.

Question 30.
Write the geographical location of the Atlantic Islands and its importance.
Answer:
The Atlantic Islands are located to the west of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean. Notable among them are Madeira, Azores, Canary and Cape Verde. These islands served as agricultural lands and strategic port centres. The Portuguese, who initially controlled many of these islands, used them as key bases for their operations in Africa and as stopover points for ships travelling to Asia to restock food and water. Later, the Canary Islands became a colony of Spain.

Question 31.
How New World was transformed as America.
Answer:
Spain was another country that took part in geographical expeditions. They, too, had a long coast and seafaring heritage just like the Portuguese. They received the patronage of King Ferdinand and Isabella, the rulers of Spain. With the financial aid of Spain in 1492, Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, reached the Bahamas Islands located in the southeastern region Vasco da Gama of North America. This journey led to the discovery of a previously unknown continent for Europeans. The event paved the way for the invasion and exploitation of the region by Europeans, which came to be known as the “New World.” Eventually, this region was named America.

Question 32.
List out the explorers and Expeditions.
Answer:

Explorers	Expeditions
Vasco da Gama	Reached Calicut, India
Christopher Columbus	Landed in the Americas
Amerigo Vespucci	Realised it was a new continent

Question 33.
List out the merits and demerits of industrial revolution.
Answer:

Merits	Demerits
Rise of factories	Exploitation of labourers
Increase in production	Poverty, epidemics
New employment opportunities	Long working hours and low wages for women and children
Rise of cities and urbanisation	Rise of slums
Urban life	Busy and polluted cities
Better living conditions	Miserable life for labourers in cities

Question 34.
Geographical explorations had far-reaching consequences. What are they?
Answer:

• The Atlantic coast emerged as the most important trade route, connecting Europe with the Americas, Asia, and Africa. This shift led to a decline in Mediterranean trade and the rise of Atlantic trade.
• Large parts of the Americas, Africa, and Asia came under European invasion and colonisation.
• Efforts were made by Europeans to monopolise the trade of pepper and other spices from Asia.
• Gold and silver were transported in large quantities from South America to Europe, with a portion of this wealth eventually reaching India.
• The development of the triangular trade system connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Question 35.
Explain the causes of the First World War. (March 2023)
Answer:
Causes of the First World War

• Disputes between the imperialist powers
• Competition between European countries for colonies
• Formation of military alliances
• Formation of aggressive nationalist movements -Imperialist Crisis
• The conflicts between the imperialist powers and the competition between the European countries for colonial gains led to the formation of military alliances
• Formation of Aggressive nationalism
• Aggressive nationalists considered their own nations as supreme and justified whatever the actions of their nations.

Question 36.
Finance capitalism works with the aim of making huge profits. Justify.
Answer:
FinanciaLexchanges are more important at this stage than industrial production and population welfare. Banks, stock market and investment institutions play a crucial role in this economy. This system allows for the accumulation of more wealth without any production or technological change. Finance capitalism allows big corporates to exert influence beyond military’ power and war. Such companies invest in different countries and make profits. Finance Capitalism works with the aim of making huge profits. Common people and those involved in traditional occupations continued to suffer the consequences.

They lose the resources they could have used freely and are controlled by capitalists. Uncontrolled exploitation of resources also leads to environmental problems. New technologies and related changes in society have led to the emergence of these economic changes. Capitalism developed through several stages over five centuries. It highlights the role of economic factors and systems in determining the course of history. Along with this, this period also witnessed the collapse of human values before capitalist interests.

Question 37.
Define the following terms.
a. UN Organisation
b. League of Nations
c. Bullion coin
d. Fascism
e. Agrarian revolution
Answer:
a. UN Organisation: After the Second World War, the United Nations Organisation was formed with the aim of ensuring global peace and security. It was established on October 24, 1945.

b. League of Nations: Woodrow Wilson, the American President, proposed the idea of forming an international organisation to maintain world peace and ensure freedom for all nations. Based on this proposal, the League of Nations was established on January 10,1920, to restore global peace and security.

c. Bullion Coin: The silver and gold collected as wealth were known as Bullion. The value and amount of the metals in the coins were considered for the transactions. E.g., the value of the gold in a gold coin would be considered as its value in transaction.

d. Fascism: The term “Fascism” is derived from the Latin word ’fasces’, which refers to ‘a bundle of rods and an Axe’ symbolising authority and power, a representation of the rule of Roman emperors.

e. The term ‘Agrarian Revolution’ is used to refer to the series of changes that took place in England’s
agricultural sector in the 17th century. Major changes associated with the Agrarian Revolution:

• Small farms were consolidated to form large farms protected by fencing (Enclosure Movement)
• Crop rotation was introduced
• Use of new agricultural implements.

Question 38.
Write the factors that affected colonisation.
Answer:

• Wealth was extracted from the colonies and flowed into European countries
• natives lost their economic and political rights over their own regions
• indigenous cultures in the colonies faced destruction
• Western lifestyles and practices spread across the colonies
• Christianity was propagated in colonised regions

Question 39.
Merchant capitalism is termed as a New changing economic order. Substantiate.
Answer:
Geographical exploration paved the way for notable changes in global trade. Individuals who had been
involved in trade before these explorations became very wealthy and were referred to as merchant capitalists. This economic system was known as Merchant Capitalism. In this system, merchants supplied raw materials to artisans living in rural areas. The artisans manufactured goods in cottage-based production. After compensating the artisans for their labour, the merchants sold the finished products and made profits. These merchants acted as intermediaries between producers and consumers. England started industries using the wealth gained through colonisation. Those who invested their wealth in this way became the owners of industries and made huge profits. With this, merchant capitalism gave way to industrial capitalism.

Question 40.
What are the major changes that took place in the Industrial Revolution?
Answer:

• production was mechanised
• advancement in metallurgy leading to the production of better tools
• steam was used as a source of energy
• transport facilities developed
• production shifted from cottages to factories

Question 41.
Write a note on First world war
Hints:
a. Imperialist Rivalry
b. Extreme Nationalism
Answer:
a. The new imperialist nations could expand their influence only by capturing territories controlled by the older imperialist powers. Germany’s unprecedented progress in economic and industrial sectors caused concern for France and England. With much of Asia and Africa already under British and French control, Germany turned its focus towards regions under the Ottoman Empire. To achieve this, they planned the construction of the Berlin-Baghdad railway line. This project alarmed England, France, and Russia, as they feared it could threaten the security of their territories. Consequently, tensions and hostilities began to escalate among these nations.

b. Extreme nationalism refers to an intense and emotional devotion to one’s country, often involving its excessive glorification. This concept is often related to racism. Many nations argued that regions inhabited by a particular race rightfully belong to that race alone. Such arguments were used by many nations to justify territorial expansion and conquest. In countries like Germany and Serbia, extreme nationalism grew in alarming proportions. Movements such as Pan-Slavism and Pan-Germanism serve as examples of organisations promoting such extreme nationalist ideologies.

Question 42.
Write a note on the formation of Military alliances with respect to the aftermath of first world war.
Answer:

• The competition for colonies and the rise of extreme nationalism created fear and mistrust among European nations. This atmosphere of suspicion led to the formation of military alliances.
• Two military alliances: Triple Alliance, Triple Entente.
• Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, was the site of a significant event that further fuelled tensions.

Conflicts arose across various parts of the world between countries belonging to the two major alliances. These conflicts often stemmed from attempts to seize colonies held by rival nations. The situation escalated as allied nations joined forces with their respective allies, intensifying the clashes.

Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, was the site of a significant event that further fuelled tensions. Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated in Sarajevo, where former French president Mitterrand visited. The assassin, Gavrilo Princip, was a Serbian nationalist. Due to the existing conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary, Austria accused Serbia of orchestrating the assassination. This led Austria-Hungary to declare war against on Serbia on July 28, 1914. As allied nations aligned themselves with their respective sides, the conflict expanded into a World War.

Aftermath of the First World War:

• Millions of soldiers and civilians lost their lives
• Industrial and agricultural sectors were devastated
• marked the beginning of the decline of European global domination
• Freedom movements in Asia and Africa gained momentum.
• Formation of the League of Nations
• Italy, Germany, and Spain transitioned to totalitarian regimes

Question 43.
Differentiate between the policies of Italy and Germany.
Answer:

ITALY

GERMANY

• The ideology was known as Fascism in Italy. • Founder: Benito Mussolini • In 1922, Mussolini organised the March on Rome, using threats and terror to seize power. • Rose to power following the march. • Formed a militia called the Blackshirts. • Banned all non-Fascist political parties. • Enmity towards socialists, labour, and peasant organisations.

• The ideology was referred to as Nazism in Germany. • Founder: Adolf Hitler • In 1923, Hitler led a march to Berlin and was subsequently imprisoned. • Initiated efforts to secure power through elections. • Established a militia known as the Brownshirts. • In the 1933 elections, he failed to win a majority but came to power through manipulations. • Initiated efforts to eliminate Communists, Socialists, Democrats, and Jews.• Formed the Gestapo (secret police) to gather intelligence and suppress opposition. • Hitler’s aggression led to World War II.

Question 44.
Write the background of second world war.
OR
What are the causes and consequences of second world war (MODEL 2023)
Hints:
a. Treaty of Versailles
b. The failure of league of nations
c. Formation of military alliances
d. Policy of appeasement
Answer:
a. Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that Germany signed with the Allies after World War I. Its provisions sowed the seeds of World War II. Under this treaty, Germany lost its colonies and territories it held. Germany was disarmed and huge war reparations were imposed on Germany. In short, World War II was a German revolt against the Treaty of Versailles and its architects.

b. The failure of league of nations
The League of Nations formed after World War I was unable to resolve disputes or enforce international disarmament. The league failed to act when Japan, Italy, and Germany launched offensives.

c. Formation of military alliances
Imperialist rivalry led to the formation of the following military alliances.

Later Soviet Union and USA became part of the allied powers

Munich agreement
Hitler laid claim to the Sudetenland, the most industrialised region of Czechoslovakia. Hitler’s argument was based on the large German population living in Czechoslovakia. Instead of resisting Hitler’s argument, France and Britain ceded the Sudetenland to Germany in a treaty signed in Munich, Germany in 1938. This is called the Munich Agreement. This treaty was not ratified by Czechoslovakia. The Soviet Union, which supported them, was not invited to the talks.

d. Policy of appeasement

• The Soviet Union, which came into being after the Russian Revolution, spread socialist ideas around the world.
• The Munich Agreement is a prime example of Western appeasement.

The Soviet Union, which came into being after the Russian Revolution, spread socialist ideas around the world. This was a threat to other western capitalist countries. For this reason, they saw the Soviet Union as their enemy. They saw fascist aggression as a means of countering the spread of socialist ideas. The Munich Agreement is a prime example of Western appeasement. These appeasement policies gave Hitler confidence and he continued his offensives aggressively. World War II begins with Germany’s invasion of Poland on September 1,1939. Results of the war:

• Millions lost their lives
• Famines and epidemics spread throughout the world
• The European economy collapsed
• Colonisation and imperialism faced setbacks
• Europe’s hegemony came to an end
• The United Nations Organization was formed
• Totalitarianism ended in Italy and Germany
• Colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence
• The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as global powers

United Nations Organisation
After the Second World War, the United Nations Organisation was formed with the aim of ensuring global peace and security. It was established on October 24,1945.

Causes of the war

• The background of the Second World War took place from 1939 to 1945.
• World War II begins with Germany’s invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939.
• The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that Germany signed with the Allies after World War I.
• Germany was disarmed, and huge war reparations were imposed on Germany.
• Imperialist rivalry led to the formation of military alliances.

Question 45.
Who reached Cape of Good Hope in 1488?
Answer:
Bartolomeu Dias

Question 46.
Which two events in the 15th century were significant in launching geographical expeditions?
Answer:

• The conquest of Constantinople by the Turks
• The arrival of Portuguese sailors at the Guinea Coast of Africa

Question 47.
Who was the first European to reach India by sea, and when?
Answer:
Vasco da Gama, in 1498, reached the Indian coast at Kappad in Kozhikode after sailing around the Cape of Good Hope.

Question 48.
How did the continent “America” get its name?
Answer:
Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, recognised it as a new continent. In 1507, cartographer Martin Waldseemuller named it “America” in Vespucci’s honor.

Question 49.
What was the main aim of European nations under mercantilism?
Answer:
The main aim was to collect as much gold and silver as possible because these were seen as signs of wealth and power.

Question 50.
How did countries try to increase their wealth under mercantilism?
Answer:
They tried to export more goods and import less, so they could earn gold and silver from other countries.

Question 51.
What were colonial policies?
Answer:
Colonial policies were rules made by colonial powers to take wealth from their colonies, especially through trade.

Question 52.
What is a Joint Stock Company?
Answer:
it is a company where many people invest money (capital) by buying shares, and the money is used for trade and business.

Question 53.
What is meant by Merchant capitalism?
Answer:

• One of the consequences of European colonisation on native populations was slavery and the slave trade in Africa.
• Individuals who had been involved in trade before these explorations became very wealthy and were referred to as merchant capitalists. This economic system was known as Merchant Capitalism.
• The merchants acted as intermediaries between producers and consumers.
• Merchant capitalism gave way to industrial capitalism.

Question 54.
What was one of the consequences of European colonisation on native populations in Africa?
Answer:
One of the consequences was slavery and the slave trade, where many Africans were captured and sold into forced labour.

Question 55.
What was the economic system associated with early trade and wealthy merchants called?
Answer:
The system was called Merchant Capitalism.

Question 56.
When did the Industrial Revolution take place?
Answer:
The Industrial Revolution took place between 1780 and 1850.

Question 57.
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Answer:
It began in the textile industry.

Question 58.
What major change happened in the manufacturing sector during the Industrial Revolution?
Answer:
Machinery was introduced, and production became mechanised.

Question 59.
Give an example of a country that used its colony to get raw materials.
Answer:
Belgium used its colony Congo to get rubber.

Question 60.
What is imperialism?
Answer:
Imperialism is when a country controls the politics, economy, and society of another region or country.

Question 61.
Which two countries were the most powerful imperial nations by the late 19th century?
Answer:
England and France.

Question 62.
What was the Pan-Slav Movement? Who supported it?
Answer:
The Pan-Slav Movement advocated for the unification of Slavic people in Eastern Europe. Serbia led the movement, and Russia supported it.

Question 63.
What was unique about the scale of the First World War?
Answer:
It was the first global war, involving nearly every country either directly or indirectly.

Question 64.
Define extreme nationalism.
Answer:
Extreme nationalism is an intense and emotional devotion to one’s country, often involving excessive glorification and racism. It was used to justify territorial expansion.

Question 65.
What is totalitarianism?
Answer:
Totalitarianism is a system where the government controls every part of people’s lives and takes away individual freedoms and civil rights.

Question 66.
What are the key features of totalitarianism?
Answer:

• Rejection of democracy
• Opposition to socialism
• Support for dictatorship
• Extreme nationalism

Question 67.
Who was the founder of Fascism in Italy?
Answer:
Benito Mussolini was the founder of Fascism in Italy

Question 68.
What are the major results of World War II?
Answer:

• Millions lost their lives
• Famines and epidemics spread throughout the world
• The European economy collapsed
• Colonisation and imperialism faced setbacks
• Europe’s hegemony came to an end
• The United Nations Organization was formed
• Totalitarianism ended in Italy and Germany
• Colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence
• The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as global powers

Question 69.
What was the aim of the UN organisation?
Answer:
After the Second World War, the United Nations Organisation was formed with the aim of ensuring global peace and security. It was established on October 24, 1945.

Question 70.
Write the name of countries came under Axis powers ?
Answer:
Italy, Germany, Japan

Question 71.
Define Non-Aligned movement.
Answer:
The Non-Aligned Movement is a coalition of countries that did not belong in either of these camps.

Question 72.
Define the term Finance capitalism.
Answer:
Finance capitalism is an economy in which financial institutions such as banking and insurance play a major role. Finance Capitalism works with the aim of making huge profits.

Question 73.
Cold war ended in ……………………….
Answer:
1991