Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus One Sociology Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf June 2022 to improve time management during exams.
Kerala Plus One Sociology Previous Year Question Paper June 2022
Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Total Scores : 80
Answer all the questions from 1 to 9. Each carries 1 score. (9 × 1 = 9)
Question 1.
Technique of using more than one method for research is known as ____
a) Macro Method
b) Triangulation
c) Micro Method
Answer:
b) Triangulation
Question 2.
Write the example of man-made environmental disaster.
Answer:
Bhopal Tragedy
Question 3.
Who among the following suggested the sociological method “Ideal Type”?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) Emile Durkheim
Answer:
b) Max Weber
Question 4.
Who characterized Indian Tribes as backward Hindus?
a) G.S.Gurye
b) A.R. Desai
c) M.N.Srinivas
Answer:
a) G.S.Gurye
Question 5.
Name the sociologist who propounded the concept of Sociologist Imagination.
Answer:
C.W. Mills
Question 6.
Passengers waiting at the Railway Station is an example of _____
a) Primary group
b) Quasi group
c) Reference group
Answer:
b) Quasi group
Question 7.
Urban localities sealed off from its surroundings by fences walls and gates with controlled entry and exit is called _____.
a) Gentrification
b) Gated Communities
c) Urbanisation
Answer:
b) Gated Communities
Question 8.
Which group influences you greater during your teenages?
a) Family
b) Peer group
c) Reference group
Answer:
b) Peer group
Question 9.
Identifying the ringtone of a mobile phone is an example of culture.
a) Cognitive
b) Material
c) Normative
Answer:
a) Cognitive
Answer any 4 questions from 10 to 16. Each carries 2 scores. (4 × 2 = 8)
Question 10.
What is Common Sense Knowledge?
Answer:
Creating socialization through many social relations or through relations beyond any doubt is called Common Sense Knowledge. Such knowledge is unspoken and unwritten. We acquire it imperceptibly from the day we are born. For example, “animals don’t drive cars” or “my mother is older than me”.
Question 11.
Define Social Structure.
Answer:
Social structure is the distinctive, stable arrangement of institutions whereby human beings in a society interact and live together. Social structure shows the definite and repeated methods of relations among individuals or groups.
Question 12.
What is Ecology?
Answer:
Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms, including human beings, to one another and to their physical surroundings.
Question 13.
Describe the term Alienation.
Answer:
The workers lose their satisfaction in their work and also the control over the products. That means they lose control over their work and the control over the results of their work. This state in which man feels estranged from his work and also colleagues is called alienation by Karl Marx.
Question 14.
List 2 rules of Marriage.
Answer:
Endogamy, Exogamy
Question 15.
Define Ethnocentrism.
Answer:
Trying to assess the faiths and behaviour of people from other cultures using our cultural values as the criteria is called ethnocentrism.
Question 16.
Define culture.
Answer:
Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviours, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. It gives meaning to truth based on facts.
Answer any 2 questions from 17 to 20. Each carries 3 scores. (2 × 3 = 6)
Question 17.
List out the scope of Sociology.
Answer:
It studies individuals, professions, group organizations, laws of work, the problems of the youth, the contemporary world. The scope of sociology extends to all these things and more.
Question 18.
Briefly explain survey method in social research.
Answer:
18. In sociology the most well-known research method is survey. Today in the world in all parts and in all kinds of contexts survey is used. It is also used outside sociology. In India even for non-academic matters, plenty of surveys are used. To predict the election results, to make strategies for selling products, and bringing out public opinion on various issues, surveys are used.
- Survey gives a common view. On the basis of the information received from a selected group of people, a survey gives a comprehensive view about a particular subject.
- The people chosen to give their views in a survey are called respondents. They respond to the questions put forward by the researchers.
Now let us see what a sample survey is. In a sample survey researchers cbllect information only from selected individuals. The entire group which is the subject of study is called population. The persons chosen for the study represent the population. Thus the group that represents the population is called sample. By using the results of the sample survey, predictions are made about the population.
- Compared to other research methods, survey has an advantage. By studying a small part of the population, we can reach conclusions applicable to the entire population.
- Thus, survey enables us to make studies about the entire population in a short time, with less expense and less energy. That is why survey became the most favourite method of research in Sociology and other areas.
Although a survey can give a wide cover, it is not deep. It is not normally possible to get information that is very deep from the respondents. If the respondents are more, it will not be possible to spend adequate time with each one of them. Many researchers approach respondents with their questionnaires. So it is not easy to ask very complex questions which need elaborate sand precise answers from every respondent. The way questions are framed and the way they are answered might lead to misunderstanding when tabulating the results. So the questionnaires for surveys should be prepared with great care and accuracy. Since the questionnaires are handled by non-researchers, at the time of their use corrections or amendments might be difficult.
There is no long-lasting relation between the researcher and the respondents. There might be no familiarity or trust between them. The questions in the survey must be like those questions and answers asked and answered between strangers. Questions that are personal or provocative should not be asked. If you ask such questions the respondents will not give you honest answers. They will give only those answers that they feel are safe. Such problems are called non-sampling errors. These mistakes are not’the faults of the sampling process. The mistakes here are the faults and shortcomings in the concept of the research and the ways in which it is carried out.
Question 19.
List 3 basic forms of advantage which privileged group may enjoy.
Answer:
a) Life opportunities: Life opportunities are those material gains that increase the quality of life. Economic gains like wealth and income, and other things like health, job security and recreation etc. are included here.
b) Social status: People with special privileges will have greater status or position in the eyes of the other members of the society.
c) Political Influence: Political influence is the ability to dominate other groups, to influence decision making and to make gains from such decisions.
Question 20.
Write any 3 features of welfare state proposed by A.R. Desai.
Answer:
In the view of Desai, a welfare state has some salient features. They are listed below:
1) A welfare state is positive state. Unlike the ‘laissez faire’ theory, the welfares state does not seek to do ‘only the minimum necessary to maintain law and order’. The welfare state is an interventional state and actively uses its’ considerable powers to design and implement social policies for the betterment of soeiety.
2) The welfare state is a democratic state. Democracy was inevitable for the emergence of the welfare state. Formal democratic institutions, especially multiparty elections, were thought to e a defining feature of the welfare state. That is why liberal thinkers excluded socialist and communist states from this definition.
3) A welfare state involves a mixed economy. It means both private capitalist enterprises and state or public owned enterprises coexist. A welfare state does not seek to eliminate the capitalist market. It does not prevent public investment in industry and other fields. Mainly the state sector concentrates on basic goods and social infrastructure while private industry dominates the consumer goods sector.
Answer any 2 questions from 21 to 23. Each carries 4 scores. (2 × 4 = 8)
Question 21.
Complete the columns with suitable items from the bracket.
| Cognitive Culture | Normative Culture | Material Culture |
Answer:
(Performing rituals at death, Internet chatting, Rec ognizing the cartoon of a politician, Using rice flour paste to design kolam on floors)
| Cognitive Culture | Normative Culture | Material Culture |
| Recognising the cartoon of a politician | Performing rituals of death | Internet chatting Using rice floor paste to Ko lamon floors. |
Question 22.
Explain the merits and demerits of participant observation.
Answer:
Participant observation is a methodology in which the researcher studies a group not only through observation, but also by participating in its activities. A face to face talk between the researcher and the participant is an interview. In participant observation the researcher collects information directly and indirectly. In a literary sense, interview means a conversation between two people, but in a Jproader sense it can also mean a talk with a special aim or purpose. Interviews can be divided into two – Structured and Non-structured. In the structured interviews the questions and their order will be the same. There are some substitute questions also in this type of interview. Unstructured interviews are like ordinary talks. Here the researcher is free to ask questions the way he likes.
Participant observation is very common in sociology and social anthropology. In this method, a social scientists or a researcher immer’ses himself in the daily activities of the participants in order to Record the behaviour in as many scenarios as possible. The researchers can observe the daily life of the people: their exchanges with each other, their formal and informal conversations, habits, etc. Participant observation is quite different from the other methods of research. The field work here includes mutual contacts between the researcher and the participants for a very long time. Social scientists or researchers spend a year or more with the group of people about whom they are making the studies or doing the research.
Question 23.
Explain cooperation and competition as 2 ways of understanding social process in sociology.
Answer:
The social scientists that are not part of the group about which they are studying fully immerse themselves in the culture and various activities of the group. They learn their language and become participants in their daily life. By this they are able to collect information about their inborn abilities, knowledge and expertise. The aim of participant observation is learning the entire life style of the group which the researcher is studying. The social scientist and the social anthropologist study the things as if they are in a new world. Participant observation is often called field work. Field work came from the natural sciences like botany, zoology and geology. The scientists in these fields do not confine themselves to the laboratories. They go to the fields and study everything about rocks, insects, plants and animals. That is who the name field work came.
1) Field work needs a long time. The research has to do many things alone. Naturally, the field work has to be limited to a small area. Only a small village or only a small community can be covered by it.
2) The findings one made during his stay in a small village or with a small community might not be applicable for a vast village or regions or for large communities. This is a major drawback of field work.
3) One can’t say with certainty if the results of the field work are the views of the researcher or the people about whom he studied. Actually the researcher must give the view of the people about whom he made the study. But often this does not happen. It is the researcher who decides what to say to the readers and how to say it. Naturally mistakes can occur. The prejudices and leanings of the researcher may get into his findings. This risk is found in all kinds of research methods.
4) The basis of field work is one-sided relationship and this also is a major drawback in this method. It is because of this field work is generally criticised. In field work, the social scientists and social anthropologists ask the questions and present the answers and speak for the people. The people have nothing to do here.
Competition is generally discussed as a universal and natural phenomenon. But in sociology, the approach to competition is quite different. Competition as a social reality came up and because strong in the society in a particular age in history. In contemporary stage, competition is a strong concept. There is no, society now which does not have the power to compete.
Competition should be explained sociologically. It is not a natural phenomenon. Underscoring this fact, a teacher in a remote village in Africa explained it from her personal experience. She thought if she gave a chocolate to the winner in a running race, the children would be happy. But her suggestion did not instil any interest in the students. Instead it created anxiety and worry in them. When she tried to find out the reason, they showed their dislike for a play, in which there were winners and losers. For them a play is matter of recreation and fellowship. It was not something which brought rewards for some and other were left out.
- In the contemporary world competition is a strong phenomenon.
- In the modern societies the growth of personal gain and competition has been pointed out by Durkheim and Marx. Both these ideas grew in relation to modern capitalist society.
Answer any 3 questions from 24 to 16. Each carries 5 scores. (3 × 5 = 15)
Question 24.
(a) What is Social Control?
(b) Explain different types of Social Control.
Answer:
Social control is one of the most common concepts used in Sociology. It refers to the different ways the society uses to bring stubborn and uncontrollable people to the right track. Functionalist sociologists saw the society as quite a friendly one. But Conflict theorists saw society full of inequality, injustice and exploitation. Some sociologists stressed individuals and the society. But others stressed communities like classes, races, castes etc.
According to the functionalists, social control shows the following:
- It shows the use of force to control the behaviour of individuals and groups.
- It-also shows maintaining law and order and the implementation of societal values and models.
The functionalists make it clear that the aims of social control are controlling the aberrations in the behaviour of individuals and groups, and ending the conflicts and fights among individuals and groups and preserving the social order and solidarity. They evaluate that for the stability of the society, social control is essential.
Conflict theorists look at social control as a strategy for the dominant classes to impose their will on the others. They saw stability as a kind of writ of one group over the others. Law was seen as the official document for maintaining the dominant classes and their interests. Social control indicates the social processes, methods and strategies for controlling the behaviour of individuals and groups. It also indicates the use of force and the values and models for maintaining the social order.
Question 25.
Explain the modem form of work and division of labour.
Answer:
The different kinds of work that are currently prevailing in our society can be listed a below:
- Agriculture
- Fishing
- Mining
- Carpentry
- Teaching
- Banking
- Industry
Some of these work are done by workers themselves and some are with the help of machines.
- One of the main features of the modem wealth system is the complex division of labour that exists today.
- Various jobs are fragmented into minute areas and workers get specialized in just a small particular aspect of the job.
In the traditional societies, to do tasks other than agricultural, there was a need for expertise in manual work. Workers earned this expertise through long training. The worker did all the jobs from the start to the finish of the products. - The modem society also witnessed the change in the location of work. Before industrialization, work as done at home by all the members of the family.
- But with industrialization, factories that work with machines using coal and electricity were established. So the location of work moved into factories. Factories owned by capitalists became the centre point of industrial ‘ development.
Question 26.
Describe the different types of Interview.
Answer:
In sociology interview is widely used for collecting information. Basically an interview is a conversation between the researcher and the respondent. Although the structure of an interview is simple, to become a good interviewer one needs a lot of training and expertise. There are two kinds of interview – Structured and Unstructured.
The structured interview is quite official or formal. This is like using a questionnaire in a survey. The questions and their order are prepared in advance by the researcher. The respondents are asked questions in a certain order. The information received through structured interview is supposed to be more reliable. Unstructured interview is unofficial or informal. It is just like the mutual talk in a participant observation. The researcher conducts the interview keeping in his mind the subjects related to his research. In the interview, the interviewer and the interviewee will have good relations. The most important advantage of unstructured interview is its flexibility.
The researcher can ask the questions he likes. He can make changes in the questions. He can ask the same question in different ways. As the interview proceeds the researcher can change the questions, their order or even the topic. Provocative questions can be shortened, stoned or avoided altogether. All this can be done even as the interview is in progress. Interview has demerits also. The most important advantage is its flexibility. But this flexibility can wound the feelings of the respondent depending on his mental state. Or it can make the respondent lose his concentration. Iri short the structure of interview is unstable and beyond prediction.
Question 27.
(a) What is social order?
(b) How it is maintained?
Answer:
In well-established social systems there is a tendency to resist and control changes. This is known as social order. To maintain social order there are two possibilities:
- When people willingly obey laws and conventions.
- When people are forced to obey laws and conventions.
To maintain social order each society makes use of a combination of both these possibilities.
Question 28.
Match the following.
| A | B |
| Karl Marx | Bureaucracy |
| Emile Durkheim | French Revolution |
| Max Weber | Class Struggle |
| Enlightenment | Slavery |
| Primitive Communism | Division of Labour in Society |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Karl Marx | 1. Class Struggle |
| Emile Durkheim | 2. Division of labour in Society |
| Max Weber | 3. Bureaucracy |
| Enlightenment | 4. French Revolution |
| Primitive Communism | 5. Slavery |
Question 29.
“Sociology and other Social Sciences are related to
Answer:
Sociology is the study of the contemporary society. It helps us to distinguish facts from complex realities, separate them and make generalizations. It shows the scope sociology is large indeed. Psychology is the science of behaviour. It’s a study of human behaviour, individuals’ attitudes, emotions, perceptions and values are examined, as well as their role in the formation of society’s personality. Social psychology is a ridge that links psychology and sociology.
Psychology ← Social Psychology ← Sociology Although the main interest of Social psychology is individuals, it also examines the methods of mutual relations among people. There are close connections between the styles and approaches of Sociology and Political Science. Traditional political science mainly concentrates on two-factors – political theory and government administration. Both these factors do not have any relation with political behaviour. Political theory concentrated on the ideas about the government from Plato to Marx. The studies about government administration gave greater importance to its formal structure and to its actual workings.
- Sociology makes studies about all the levels of society. On the contrary, traditional political science confines itself to studies about authority.
- Sociology stresses the relations among the various organizations including the government. But political science concentrates on the processes inside the government.
Even then, for ages sociology and political science have been sharing common research interests. Sociologists like Max Weber have worked in the subject known as political sociology. Political sociology concentrates on the real study of political behaviour. In the elections that were conducted in India, there were extensive studies regarding the political models of voting. Studies have also been made in the membership of political organizations, the process of decision making in the organizations, the social reasons for supporting political parties, the role of sex difference in politics, etc.
- Sociology is the studies about the mutual relations of the society.
- Sociology is the studies about man’s social life, groups, and communities. Its subject matter is our own behaviour as social creatures.
Sociology is not the first subject to observe the society. People have always observed and discussed the societies and groups in which they have lived. This is clear from the writings of the philosophers, lawmakers, and religious teachers of cultures and ages. The special quality to think about our lives and our society does not confine itself to philosophers alone. We all have ideas about our lives and the lives of others, and our society and the societies of others. This is our understanding and common sense. We live our life based on this.
But the observations and ideas about the society made by sociology are quite different from the philosophical ideas and common sense. Philosophers and religious teachers have made observations about’the moral and immoral things in human behaviour. They have also made observations about comfortable life style and good society. Sociology also gives importance to values and conventions. But Sociology does not view values and conventions as the aims people should follow. It gives = importance to the way it works in real societies. The studies about the experiences of the society constitute a main part in sociology. It does not mean that sociology does not give importance to values. It means when a sociologist makes studies about society, he is ready to observe and discover thing that he does not personally like.
Answer any 3 questions from 29 to 32. Each carries 6 scores. (3 × 6 = 18)
Question 30.
Explain different types of family.
Answer:
There are different family forms like nuclear family and joint family. Nuclear family is a small family that consists of the father, mother and their one or two children. Joint family is a big family with parents, their siblings, their children and their children. Depending on the nature of the place of residence, there are 2 types – matrilocal families and patrilocal families.
- In matrilocal families, the newly married couple stays in the home of the girl’s parents. (Stay in the house of the wife)
- In patrilocal familfes, the newly married couple stays in the home of the boy’s parents. (Stay in the house of the husband).
On the basis of authority families are divided into 2 forms – patriarchal and matriarchal. - In a family where man has the authority, it is patriarchal.
- In a family where the woman has the authority, it is matriarchal. Here the mother has all the authorities.
- There are matriarchal societies even now. But the. same cannot be said about matrilocal families.
Question 31.
Explain the causes for social change.
There are many reasons behind social changes. It is not possible to measure them with just one factor or theory. The reasons for social changes can be internal or external. They can be the result of deliberate actions or just accidental incidents. Moreover the reasons for social changes are often mutually linked. In economic-technical factors, there might a cultural factor. The environment might influence political reasons. It is very necessary to have some awareness about the different levels and forms of social changes. Change is an important subject. The speed of change in the modern age, especially the contemporary times, is faster than it was before.
Question 32.
Write six features of Caste.
Answer:
1. Segmental division: The caste system divides the whole society into various segments or sections which are mutually avoided and closed.. Each of these castes is a ‘compartment, a well developed social group. The membership to the caste is fixed by birth. Children born to the parents of a caste will automatically be there in the caste. So change from one caste to another caste is not possible.
2. Hierarchical division: The caste system is characterized by hierarchical order. There is no equality among castes. Each caste is either higher or lower than others. So there is always a division between the higher castes and the lower castes.
3. Restriction on Social interaction: In caste system there are seyeral restrictions which are related to food, drink and social interaction. The members of the upper caste cannot take food or water from the lower caste members. They do not interact with the members of the other castes. It is all based on the concept of purity and pollution..
4. Differential rights and duties: In caste system, there is an unequal distribution of privileges and restrictions among its members. Generally, the higher caste people enjoy all the privileges and the lower caste people are put to all kinds of restrictions. These discriminations are not only in religious matters but also kin non-religious affairs. There are rules regarding their rights and duties and they are strictly followed.
5. Restrictions of the choice of occupation: Under caste system, each caste has its own traditional occupation. Occupation is fixed at ‘ the time of birth and the members of a caste are forced to follow the occupation of that caste. People can’t choose the occupation they like.
6. Restriction on marriage: In caste system the principles of endogamy is strictly followed. That means, marriage within the own caste on sub¬caste is purely followed. Exogamy is prohibited. Al these laws help to maintain the caste system.
Answer any 2 questions from 33 to 35. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)
Question 33.
(a) Define Socialisation.
(b) Explain different agencies of Socialisation.
Answer:
Socialization is the process through which the individual learns to become an accepted member of the society. This is a process that lasts from a person’s birth till his death. It is a process that happens step by step. It is acquired by mingling, with others in the society. As a child grows, he imbibes the behaviour and values of the family and the society. He learns all these things with the help of others. By learning the social manners, the child slowly becomes a social being. Socialization can be defined as the process of transformation from a bio-being to a social person.
There are many agencies and organizations that socialise a child. They include family, school, peer groups, neighbourhood, professional groups, social classes, caste, region, religion.
Family:
Socialization starts from the family. Some children live with their parents and siblings in the nuclear family whereas other children live in extended families with many members. In a nuclear family, the parents are the main socializing agents. But in joint or extended families grandparents, uncles etc. also become socializing agents.
- In traditional societies, the family into which a child is born decides its social status.
- The area of the family into which a child is born and the social class there seriously affect its socialization models. Children imbibe their behaviour and manners from their parents and the people in the neigh bourhood.
- Some children accept the attitudes of their without questions. This is true especially in the contemporary times.
Peer Groups:
Peer groups are another agency for socialization. Children of the same age who are friendly with one another are the peer groups. Children of 4 or 5 years of age spend a lot of time with their peers.
- Peer means equal. The friendliness among children will be based on equality.
- Physically stronger children might try to dominate the weaker ones. Still there will be friendship among them and the consequent give and take.
Parents often use their authority to enforce discipline among their children. But in the peer groups they do mutual cooperation. Peer group influence plays a big role in a person’s life. In moulding his nature, life style, attitudes and behaviour, it plays a big role. Schools: Study in school is a formal process. There is a fixed curriculum there. Even then schools are an important agency of socialization. The knowledge and values the teachers give the students help in their socialization process.
- Sociologists point out that along with the curriculum, there is a hidden syllabus which helps their studies.
- In India and South Africa, in some schools, the girls there are expected to keep the classrooms swept and clean.
In some schools there have been protests against this practice. They showed their protest by making the boys and girls do certain things which are not expected from them by the society.
Mass media: Mass media has become an integral part of our lives. Electronic media like the television have become very popular. The importance of the print media has also increased. In the 19th century “Conduct books” were printed in India. These books gave instructions to women showing them how to become good wives and housewives. They were popular in many languages.
- Media make the means to get information very democratic.
- Even in remote villages which have no roads or even a literacy centre, electronic media can get entry.
Question 34.
Explain the major environmental problems and risks.
Answer:
A main environmental problem in urban and rural areas is air pollution. It causes diseases of the lungs, and other grave diseases and even death. The source of air pollution is the smoke and gasses that come out of factories and motor vehicles. The firewood and coal used in homes also cause air pollution. We are well aware of the pollution coming from factories and vehicles but we are not so aware of the pollution caused by homes.
It has been proved that the pollution that comes from the fuel used for cooking in homes is very dangerous. It is in the villages this problem is more acute. The un-dried twigs, unscientific hearths, kitchens that are not properly ventilated endanger the lives of village women as they do the cooking. The World health Organization; statistics shows that in India, because of pollution in the homes, some 600,000 people have died and of these 500,000 are from villages.
As dangerous as the air pollution is water pollution. This is a serious problem that affects surface water as well as the underground water. The dirty water that flows out of home and factories and the. water mixed with fertilizers and insecticides from the agricultural lands are the main sources for the water pollution. The pollution of rivers and lakes is a very serious matter. Polluted water adversely affects people’s health. A lot of people do not get clean water , because of this. More than 300,000 children die because of this problem. The pollution of water sources has also ba,dly affected food production. Another serious problem is sound pollution. This creates serious problems in the cities. In many cities there are court orders to prevent sound pollution.
The loudspeakers that are used for cultural and religious functions and for political propaganda, the din and noise by vehicles, the various sounds coming from construction activities are the main sources of sound pollution. This pollution creates different types of diseases in people.
Question 35.
(a)Define social group.
Answer:
a) A Social Group is a fellowship of people and it is engaged in continuous activities for sharing the common interests, values and conventions within a certain society.
b) Social groups are categorised into primary groups and secondary groups.
A Primary group is a small group of relatives, friends, acquaintances and people willing to cooperate with one another. The members of this group have close, sincere relations and they have the group sense. Family, village, groups of friends, etc. are examples of a primary group.
A Secondary Group is comparatively larger in size. The relation they maintain is formal and impersonal. Primary groups aim at individuals. But secondary groups are goal-oriented. Schools, government offices, hospitals, student organizations etc. are examples of Secondary Groups. For a social group, the following features should be there:
- Constant mutual activities to give continuity.
- A stable model for these mutual activities.
- Group sense which means each member should be aware of the group, its laws, conventions, and symbols.
- Common interest.
- Acceptance of common conventions and values.
- A structure that can defined.
Peer Groups:
Another socializing agent is the peer group. Friendship groups of children of the same age are called peer groups. Children above the age 4 or 5 spend a lot of time with their peers.
- Peer means equal. The friendliness among children will be based on equality.
- Physically stronger children might try to dominate the weaker ones. still there will be friendship among them and the consequent give and take.
Parents often use their authority to enforce discipline among their children. But in the peer groups they do , mutual cooperation. Peer group influence plays a big role in a person’s life. In moulding his nature, life style, attitudes and behaviour, it plays a big role.