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Class 10 History Chapter 7 Important Questions and Answers The Glimpses of Free India
Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 7 The Glimpses of Free India Important Questions
The Glimpses of Free India Class 10 Important Questions
Question 1.
Choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): The state of Kerala officially came into existence on November 1, 1956.
Reason (R): It was formed by merging Travancore, Kochi, Malabar, and the Kasaragod taluk of South Karnataka.
Options:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer:
A – Both statements are true and R correctly explains A.
Question 2.
Write the ones from section B that match section A from the following.
| A | B |
| Integration of Princely States | i. 565 princely states |
| ii. Sardhar Vallabhai Patel | |
| iii. Privy Purse |
A. i
B. i and ii
C. i, ii, iii
D. ii, iii
Answer:
C. i, ii, iii
Question 3.
Write the following in Chronological Order.
a. Martyrdom of Mahatma Gandhi
b. French leave from India
c. India gained Independence
d. Reconstruction of states
A. c – a – b – d
B. a – b – c – d
C. c – d – b – a
D. a – d – b – c
Answer:
A. c – a – b – d
Question 4.
Who assassinated Mahatma Gandhi on January 30, 1948?
A. Mohammed Ali Jinnah
B. Nathuram Vinayak Godse
C. Subhas Chandra Bose
D. Vinoba Bhave
Answer:
B. Nathuram Vinayak Godse
Question 5.
When did the Constituent Assembly of India officially begin its functioning?
A. November 26, 1949
B. December 13, 1946
C. January 22, 1947
D. January 26, 1950
Answer:
B. December 13, 1946
Question 6.
Match the table connected with Indian Planning.
| a. National Planning Committee | i. 1944 |
| b. Bombay Plan | ii. 1938 |
| c. NITI Ayog | iii. 2015 |
A. a – i, b – iii, c – ii
B. a – ii, b – i, c – iii
C. a – iii, b – i, c – ii
D. a – i, b – ii, c – iii
Answer:
B. a – ii, b – i, c – iii
| a. National Planning Committee | ii. 1938 |
| b. Bombay Plan | i. 1944 |
| c. NITI Ayog | iii. 2015 |
Question 7.
Match the Following.
| Iron and Steel Industry | Country that Provided Assistance |
| a. Rourkela Iron and Steel Industry | i. Soviet Union |
| b. Durgapur Iron and Steel Industry | ii. United Kingdom |
| c. Bokaro Iron and | iii. German |
A. a – ii, b – i, c – iii
B. a – i, b – ii, c – iii
C. a – iii, b – ii, c – i
D. a – ii, b – iii, c – i
Answer:
C. a – iii, b – ii, c – i
| Iron and Steel Industry | Country that Provided Assistance |
| a. Rourkela Iron and Steel Industry | iii. German |
| b. Durgapur Iron and Steel Industry | ii. United Kingdom |
| c. Bokaro Iron and | i. Soviet Union |
Question 8.
Who is known as the Father of the Green Revolution in India?
A. Dr. Verghese Kurien
B. Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
C. Dr. M. S. Swaminathan
D. C. Subramaniam
Answer:
C. Dr. M. S. Swaminathan
Question 9.
The White Revolution in India was related to the increase in ………………….
A. Fish production
B. Food grain production
C. Milk and dairy production
D. Fruit and vegetable production
Answer:
C. Milk and dairy production
Question 10.
The first general elections in independent India were held in ………………….
A. 1947 – 18
B. 1949 – 50
C. 1951 – 52
D. 1955 – 56
Answer:
C. 1951 – 52
Question 11.
Fill “B” and “C” by analysing the connection of A.
A. Green Revolution: Food Production
B. Blue Revolution: ……………………
C. White Revolution: ……………………
Answer:
B. Fish
C. Milk
Question 12.
After 1974, which places were under the control of the French?
Answer:
Pondicherry, Mahe, Yanam, Karaikal, and Chandranagar
Question 13.
Fill the Blanks by writing the Year in which Commission was set up.
a. Dr. Radhakrishnan Commission: ……………………
b. Dr. D. S. Kothari Commission: …………………….
Answer:
a. 1948
b. 1964
Question 14.
What are the Fundamental Principles of India’s Foreign Policy?
Answer:
- Peaceful Coexistence
- Stand against Colonialism and Apartheid
- Protect National Security and Sovereignty
- Non-Aligned Policy
- Panchsheel Principles
Question 15.
What are the factors that influenced the spread of universal and free school education that exists today?
Answer:
- Spread of printing
- Library movement
- Literacy movement
- Informal education activities
- Decentralisation of power
Question 16.
Write the Achievements of Kerala in health Sector.
Answer:
- Low infant mortality rate
- Low maternal mortality rate
- High life expectancy
- Rapidly declining population growth rate
Question 17.
What marked the beginning of the Library Movement in Kerala?
Answer:
The collective formed under the leadership of P. N. Panicker at the conference of libraries in Travancore in 1945 marked the beginning of the Library Movement in Kerala. The Kerala Library Movement is the largest organised cultural movement in Kerala. The Public Library, Thiruvananthapuram established by Swathi Thirunal, in 1829, was the first library in Travancore.
Question 18.
Write the phases of Green Revolution.
Answer:
The changes achieved in the agricultural sector in a short period through the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds, irrigation facilities, chemical fertilisers, pesticides and modern machinery are known as the Green Revolution. The Green Revolution took place in two phases: from 1960 to 1970 and from 1970 to 1980. Dr. M. S. Swaminathan is known as the father of green revolution.
Question 19.
Write a note on Privy Purse.
Answer:
PRIVY PURSE
As part of the integration into the Indian Union, the Government of India signed certain agreements with the rulers of the princely states. Following this, the rulers lost their power and income. To compensate this, a fixed amount of financial aid was provided by the government to the ruling families of these princely states. This is known as the Privy Purse. This made a huge financial burden to the government. In 1971, during the tenure of Indira Gandhi as the Prime Minister, the provision of the Privy Purse was abolished under the 26th Amendment of the Constitution.
Question 20.
What is meant by the Nationalisation of Banks? Why was it done, and what were its effects on India’s economy?
Answer:
The Nationalisation of Banks took place in 1969 when the Government of India, under Indira Gandhi, took ownership of fourteen major private banks to ensure that banking services reached all sections of society.
Effects:
- Banking facilities reached rural areas and poor people.
- Credit support increased for agriculture and small industries.
- It helped in reducing economic inequality and strengthened the public sector in India.
Question 21.
Explain the major educational achievements of Kerala after independence.
Answer:
Kerala made remarkable progress in education after independence. Land reforms made agricultural land accessible to farmers, which strengthened the education sector. The Kerala Education Act of 1958 helped make primary education free and universal. Through popular literacy campaigns, Kerala became India’s first fully literate state on April 18, 1991. Later, with the Kerala Panchayati Raj Act of 1994, local self-government institutions gained powers in education, leading to many educational projects with public participation.
Question 22.
Explain how the princely states were integrated into the Indian Union after independence.
Answer:
After the Indian Independence Act of 1947, the 565 princely states were given the option to join India, Pakistan, or remain independent. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and V. P. Menon led the efforts to integrate these states. They persuaded the rulers to sign the Instmment of Accession and join India. Though some states like Junagadh, Kashmir, Travancore, and Hyderabad resisted, they were integrated through conciliation and military action. The rulers who joined India were granted Privy Purses as compensation.
Question 23.
Name some institutions that lay foundation for a knowledge-based society.
Answer:
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
- National Institute ofVirology (NIV)
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
- Indian Institute of Management (IIM)
Question 24.
Explain about the Green Revolution, White Revolution and the Blue Revolution.
Answer:
FOOD PRODUCTION – THROUGH REVOLUTIONS
- The initiatives implemented in India from 1960 onwards to achieve self-sufficiency in food production brought about major changes in this sector, and therefore, they are called ‘revolutions’.
- The collective efforts of national leaders and scientists helped India achieve food self-sufficiency.
- The Green Revolution began with the aim of enhancing the agricultural sector and achieving self-sufficiency in food production.
Green revolution: The changes achieved in the agricultural sector in a short period through the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds, irrigation facilities, chemical fertilisers, pesticides and modem machinery are known as the Green Revolution. The Green Revolution took place in two phases: from 1960 to 1970 and from 1970 to 1980. Dr. M. S. Swaminathan is known as the father of green revolution.
Other Revolutions:
- Following the Green Revolution, the White Revolution which aimed to increase the production of milk and dairy products.
- The Blue Revolution which aimed to improve the fish production sector, were successfully implemented in India. Through this, numerous employment opportunities were created in the country and the nation’s economic growth was ensured.
WHITE REVOLUTION
Under the leadership of Dr. Verghese Kurien, a Malayali, the White Revolution initiated revolutionary changes in milk production in India. In the city of Anand in Gujarat, a dairy producer group called the district cooperative Milk Producers Union Limited was started. Gradually, it became the famous dairy producer group called ‘AmuT (Anand Milk Union Limited)
Question 25.
Write a note on the Panchsheel Agreement.
Answer:
INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY
Jawaharlal Nehru, the chief architect of India’s foreign policy, formulated a foreign policy that safeguarded our national interests.
Let us familiarise ourselves with the fundamental principles of India’s foreign policy:
- Peaceful Coexistence
- Stand against Colonialism and Apartheid
- Protect National Security and Sovereignty
- Non-Aligned Policy
- Panchsheel Principles
Panchsheel Principles
- The Panchsheel Principles were formulated based on India’s foreign policy.
- The Panchsheel Principles signed by Jawaharlal Nehru, the then Prime Minister of India, and Zhou Enlai, the then Premier of China in 1954, include the following:
- Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
- Mutual non-aggression
- Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs
- Observe equality and mutual assistance
- Maintain peaceful coexistence
Question 26.
What is the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), and how did India contribute to it?
Answer:
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
After the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as two global powers. The Cold War that began between them threatened world peace. The Non-Aligned Movement was formed under India’s leadership. It was based on a foreign policy that aimed for independent stand without joining either power bloc. Thereby, India could protect national interests. While striving to maintain healthy relations with all countries worldwide, India pays special attention to upholding its dignity and interests among nations.
• Independent India has succeeded in overcoming the repercussions and challenges of colonial rule to grow into one of the major global powers.
Question 27.
What are the Key Outcomes of land reforms in Kerala?
Answer:
- A limit was set on the land that could be owned.
- The landlordism (Janmi system) was abolished.
- Tenants received permanent ownership rights over agricultural land.
- Exploitation and inequality prevalent in the agricultural sector were eliminated to a certain extent.
Question 28.
Explain the progress of higher education in Kerala and the factors that made it a model state in education.
Answer:
- After the formation of Kerala, the progress in primary education gradually extended to higher education.
- Initially, Kerala had only one university (University of Kerala), but now it has several universities focusing on science, technology, agriculture, and health.
- Higher education institutions also promote research, innovation, and skill development through Polytechnics and ITIs.
- The emphasis on universal education and these achievements have made Kerala a model state in education.
Question 29.
Write the problems created by partition.
Answer:
- Hundreds of thousands of refugees flowed from India to Pakistan and from Pakistan to India.
- Widespread violence took place, and tens of thousands were killed.
- Communal riots broke out in places like Kolkata, Delhi, and Lahore.
- Many women were dishonoured.
- Numerous women and children became victims of abduction.
Question 30.
Write the major steps related to reorganisation of states on linguistic basis after independence.
Answer:
LINGUISTIC REORGANISATION OF STATES
- Before independence, the boundaries of administrative regions (provinces) of the country were not formed based on such criteria.
- During the freedom struggle itself, a strong argument emerged that the administrative regions should be determined on the basis of language, as language has a strong influence on communication and cultural formation.
- The Indian National Congress propagated its ideas by emphasizing the mother tongue to bring people closer to the national movement.
- The Nagpur Congress session of 1920 decided to organise congress committees on linguistic basis.
The major steps related to the reorganisation of states on linguistic basis after independence are
listed below:
- In 1948, the Constituent Assembly appointed a Linguistic Provinces Commission under the chairmanship of S. K. Dhar to study the reorganisation of states.
- In 1948, the Indian National Congress appointed the J.V.P. Committee, comprising Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya, to examine and submit a report on the strong demand for linguistic states.
- The demand for a separate Andhra state for Telugu speaking people arose, and in 1952, Potti Sreeramulu undertook a hunger strike for this and died. As a result of the agitation that ensued, the state of Andhra came into existence on October 1, 1953.
- In 1953, the Central Government appointed the State Reorganisation Commission under the leadership of Justice Fazal Ali, including Sardar K.M. Panikkar and H. N. Kunzru.
- Based on the State Reorganisation Bill passed by Parliament in 1956,14 linguistic states and 6 Union Territories were formed on November 1, 1956.
Question 31.
Write the major education commission in independent India with its area of focus.
Answer:
EDUCATION
- The foundation for modern education in India was laid during the British rule.
- After independence, the government appointed various commissions in several phases to study Indian education system and submit recommendations.
The major education commissions in independent India and their primary areas of focus are listed below:
| Education Commission/ Education Policy | Year | Area of Focus |
| Dr. Radhakrishnan Commission | 1948 | University education |
| Dr. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar Commission | 1952 | Secondary education |
| Dr. D. S. Kothari Commission | 1964 | National Pattern of Education |
| National Education Policy | 1986 | Primary Education, Vocational Education |
| National Education Policy | 2020 | Education from Pre-Primary to Higher Secondary, Higher Education |
Question 32.
Write the importance of five year plan in independent India.
Answer:
Even though we gained independence in 1947, India had numerous economic problems that needed to be resolved. Planning Commission in India based on the economic planning model of the Soviet Union. As a result, postindependent India followed a mixed economy, giving importance to the public sector. The main problems of independent India were food scarcity and poverty. To overcome this, the First Five-Year Plan emphasised agricultural development.
Irrigation facilities and power generation were necessary for the development of agricultural and industrial sectors. For this purpose, efforts were made to construct dams in various parts of the country. Bhakra Nangal on the Sutlej River, the Damodar Valley Project, and Hirakud on the Mahanadi are the major river valley projects set up during this period. To ensure economic development and solve unemployment, the Second Five-Year Plan emphasised industrial development. India aimed to achieve national progress by strengthening the public sector through the Five- Year Plans.
Question 33.
Describe the major achievements of Kerala in the fields of health, education, and social development that helped it reach global standards in human development.
Answer:
Kerala has developed a public healthcare system comparable to that of developed countries, providing quality healthcare at low cost. The state achieved remarkable progress with a low infant and maternal mortality rate, high life expectancy, and a rapidly declining population growth rate. In education, Kerala ensured universal education and high literacy through efforts like the Kerala State Literacy Mission Authority (KSLMA). Kerala also became a model in poverty alleviation through the Universal Public Distribution System (1965) and made great strides in women’s empowerment through Kudumbashree and local governance through decentralised planning. By focusing on democratic values and social justice in its health, education, and agricultural sectors, Kerala has overcome challenges and reached global standards in the Human Development Index, despite having a low per capita income.