Plus Two

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2021 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Economics Board Model Paper 2021 with Answers

Answer any number of questions from 1 to 41 upto a maximum score of 80. Questions from a to / carry 1 score each. (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
a. Who is the founding father of modem economics?
(i) Adam Smith
(ii) J.M.Keynes
(iii) Alfred Marshall
(iv) PaulA.Samuelson
Answer:
(i) Adam Smith

b. ‘Problem of Choice’ arises out of
(i) Scarcity of resources
(ii) Abundances of resource
(iii) Limited wants
(iv) Growth of resources
Answer:
(i) Scarcity of resources

c. Want satisfying capacity of a commodity is known as
(i) Demand
(ii) Supply
(iii) Utility
(iv) Production
Answer:
(iii) Utility

d. The difference between gross investment and depreciation is
(i) Inventory
(ii) Saving
(iii) Consumption
(iv) Net Investment
Answer:
(iv) Net Investment

e. Total revenue per unit of output is called
(i) Marginal Revenue
(ii) Total Revenue
(iii) Total Cost
(iv) Average Revenue
Answer:
(iv) Average Revenue

f. Supply remains constant and demand declines, the equillibrium price
(i) Constant
(ii) Decreases
(iii) Increases
(iv) First increases then constant
Answer:
(ii) Decreases

g. Central Bank of India is:
(i) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
(ii) State Bank of India (SBI)
(iii) CanaraBank
Answer:
(i) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

h. Which among the following mentions the concept of Average Propensity to Consume (APC)?
(i) \(\frac{\Delta C}{\Delta Y}\)
(ii) \(\frac{\Delta S}{\Delta Y}\)
(ii) \(\frac{C}{Y}\)
(iv) \(\frac{S}{Y}\)
Answer:
(i) \(\frac{\Delta C}{\Delta Y}\)

i. Two sector economy includes
(i) Firms and Government
(ii) Firms and Households
(iii) Firms and External Sector
(iv) Households and Government
Answer:
(ii) Firms and Households

j. The market structure in which there are only two sellers is called
(i) Monopoly
(ii) Perfect competition
(iii) Duopoly
(iv) Monopolistic competition
Answer:
(iii) Duopoly

k. What does a point inside the production possibility frontier represent?
(i) The maximum use of resources
(ii) Under utilisation of resources
(iii) The over use of resources
(iv) The optimum use of resources
Answer:
(ii) Under utilisation of resources

l. Identify ‘Capital Receipts’ from the following
(i) Personal Income Tax
(ii) Service Tax
(iii) Sale of shares in Pdblic Sector Undertakings
(iv) Customs duties
Answer:
(iii) Sale of shares in Pdblic Sector Undertakings

Questions from 2 to 13 carry 2 scores each. (12 × 2 = 24)

Question 2.
Complete the table given below:

Factors of Production	Remuneration
Land
Labour
Capital
Organisation

Answer:

Factors of Production	Remuneration
Land	Rent
Labour	wages
Capital	Interest
Organisation	Profit

Question 3.
Write any two features of ‘Centrally Planned Economy1.
Answer:
Welfare motive is centralized planning.

Question 4.
Recognise the type of utility analysis from the following statements.
(a) The level of utility can be expressed in numbers.
(b) The level of utility can be expressed in rank.
Answer:
Centralised planning
a. Cardinal analysis
b. Ordinal analysis

Question 5.
Classify the following into consumption goods and capital goods.
(a) Food
(b) Implements
(c) Machines
(d) Clothing
Answer:
Food clothing : consumption goods
Implements machines : capital goods

Question 6.
What do you mean by ‘Long Run’ in production function?
Answer:
Long run is a time period when all the factors of production becomes variable.

Question 7.
Write any two reasons for rightward shift of demand curve.
Answer:
Increase in the income of the consumers. An increase in the price of substitute goods.

Question 8.
List out the four major sectors of the economy.
Answer:
Household, Firms, Government, External sector.

Question 9.
What is ‘final goods’? Give an example.
Answer:
sector Final goods are those goods that are ready to be consumed. They need not go through any more production process, eg. shirt.

Question 10.
Distinguish between Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) and Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS).
Answer:
Marginal propensity to consumer (MPC) refers to the extra spending on consumption when one unit in-crease in income. Marginal propensity to save (MPS) refers to the extra saving due to one unit increase in Income.
MPC = \(\frac{\Delta C}{\Delta Y}\)
MPS = \(\frac{\Delta S}{\Delta Y}\)

Question 11.
Write any two factors which determine price elasticity ofdamand.
Answer:
The nature of the product i.e. necessity or luxury goods. The number and closeness of subtitutes.

Question 12.
What is the difference between ’Devaluation’ and ‘Revaluation’?
Answer:
Devaluation refers to the deliberate reduction in the value of the currency. Revaluation refers to the delib-erate raise in the value of the currency.

Question 13.
Define ‘Break even point’.
Answer:
It is a point where a firm operates under the situation of no loss or no profit. TR = TC, or AR = AC.

Questions from 14 to 23 carry 3 scores each. (10 × 3 = 30)

Question 14.
What are the basic economic problems of an economy?
Answer:
What to produce?
Howto produce?

Question 15.
Define substitute goods. Give two examples.
Answer:
Substitute goods are those goods that can be sub-stituted each other.
eg: black pen and blue pen Rail journey and Road journey

Question 16.
Write any three features of ‘Perfectly Competitive Market’.
Answer:
Very large number of buyers and sellers.
Homogenous products
Free entry and exit
Firm as a price taker

Question 17.
Write a short note on ‘ex-ante’ and ‘ex-post’ concept with suitable examples.
Answer:
Ex-ante refers to the expected or an eg: ex ante consumption, ex ante investment.
Ex-post refers to the actual or realised, eg: expost consumption, ex post investment.

Question 18.
Complete the chart given below:

Answer:
A. Revenue > expenditure → Surplus budget
B. Revenue < expenditure → Deficit budget
C. Revenue = expenditure → Balanced budget

Question 19.
Prepare a brief note on intermediate goods with suitable examples.
Answer:
Intermediate goods are in between raw materials and final goods. They are raw materials gone through some production process yet cannot be consumed directly. eg: Steel sheets for making cars.

Question 20.
List out the profit maximising condition of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.
Answer:
MC = MR
Slope of MC positive
P ≥ AVC
MC = MR

Question 21.
List three different ways in which ‘oligopoly firm may behave.
Answer:
They may be in equillibrium as a monopolist. They will achieve equilibrium as in the case of per-fect competition. In practice their equillibrium will be amidst these two.

Question 22.
Write any three impacts of the Great Depression of 1929.
Answer:
Huge unemployment. Unemployment increased from 3 to 25 percentage. Output fell. 33% fall in output. Demand was low.

Question 23.
Explain the concept of liquidity trap.
Answer:
Liquidity trap refers to a situation wher at a lower rate of interest the speculative demand for money becomes perfectly elastic.

Questions from 24 to 31 carries 4 scores each. (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 24.
Observe the following diagram which shows circular flow of income.

(a) What does ’A’ and ‘D’ indicate? (2)
(b) Identify the methods of National Income calcula-tion corresponding to ‘B’ and ‘C.
Answer:
A → spending on goods and services.
D → factor services
B → Total output/Gross value added method
C → Income Method

Question 25.
Analyse the effect of changes in consumption and investment on Aggregate Demand.
Answer:
An increase in consumption or investment will lead to an increase in Aggregate Demand.
AD = C + 1

Aggregate demand will shift from AD to AD₁. This will lead to an increase in national income from OY₁

Question 26.
What is ‘Indifference Curve’? Write three features of Indifference curve.
Answer:
Indifference curve shows the different combinations of two commodities that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction. Indifference curves are convex to the point of origin. Indifference curve do not intersect. Higher the indifference curve higher will be the satis-faction.

Question 27.
Observe the diagram given below:

(a) Identify the diagram which shows price floor and price ceiling. (2)
(b) What is price ceiling and price floor? (2)
Answer:
A. Ceiling price
B. Price floor
C. Ceiling is the price fixed by the government below the market price to suppot the consumers. Price floor is the price fixed by the government to support the producers above the market price.

Question 28.
Write any two objectives of government budget. Ex-plain any one. of them.
Answer:

• Allocation function
• Distribution function
• Stabilization function

Allocation function refers to the provision of public goods.
Distribution function refers to the imposition of taxation and government expenditure.
Stabilisation function refers to the adjustment of Aggregate demand through fiscal policy.

Question 29.
Differentiate ‘Balance of Payments’ and ‘Balance of Trade’.
Answer:

1. Balance of payment refers to the all economic transactions of an economy with the rest of the world. It has two components that is current account and capital account.
2. Balance of trade refers to the difference between export and import in the trade in goods of the current account of the balance of payment.

Question 30.
Write a brief note on different types of price elasticity of supply.
Answer:

1. Elastic supply pes > 1
2. Inelastic supply pes < 1
3. Unitary Elastic supply pes = 1

Question 31.
What is monopoly? Write any three features of mo-nopoly market.
Answer:
Monopoly is a market structure with a single producer.

1. Single producer
2. Unique product
3. No entry
4. The firm is a price marker.

Questions from 32 to 37 carry 5 scores each. 32 (6 × 5 = 30)

Question 32.
Various concepts are given in Column A. Match them suitably with Column B.

(A)	(B)
Marginal Product	Change in Total Cost per unit of change in output
Short Run	Relationship between inputs used and output produced by a firm.
Production function	Change in output per unit of change in the inputs.
Marginal cost	Change in output per unit of change in the inputs.
Average product	Output per unit of variable inputs.

Answer:

(A)	(B)
Marginal Product	Change in output per unit of change in the output.
Short Run	At least one factor remains fixed.
Production function	Relationship between inputs used and output
Marginal cost	Change in Total Cost per unit of change in output
Average product	Output per unit of variable inputs.

Question 33.
Observe the following diagram that shows Average Product (AP), Marginal Product (MP) and Total Prod-uct (TP) curves.

(a) Identify Total Produdt, Average Product and Mar-ginal Product curves. (3)
(b) State the law of variable proportion.
Answer:
A → Total product
B → Average product
C → Marginal product
Law of variable proportion states that into a fixed factor if more and more variable factors are added initially the total product increases, at an increasing rate, then the rate of reverse falls and reaches the maximum and declines after that.

Question 34.
Explain the components of government budget.
Answer:
Budget is the annual financial statement of the government. Budget has two components. Revenue budget and capital budget. Revenue budget includes revenue receipts and revenue expenditure. Capital budget includes capital receipts and capital expenditure. In revenue receipts tax and non tax revenue are included. In reverse expenditure salary, pension, interest payment included. Capital receipts include loans and revenue from the sale of public sector units Capital expenditure includes the expenditure on land acquisition, buying of machinery etc.

Question 35.
Explain market equilibrium. Describe how supply and demand determines equilibrium price and quantity in competitive market.
Answer:
Market equilibrium is a situation where the quantity demanded and supply are exactly equal. This is shown in the diagram below.

D is the demand curve, S is the supply curve, ‘c’ is the point of equilibrium, OP is the market price and OP is the equilibrium quantity.

Question 36.
Write any two characteristics of public goods and private goods. Classify the following into public goods and private goods.
(a) National Defense
(b) Clothes
(c) Government administration
(d) Foods items
(e) Public Transport
(f) Car
Answer:
Public goods → Non rivalry, non excludability
Private goods → Rivalrous, excludable
Public goods → National defence, govt administra-tions, Public transport.
Private goods → Clothes, food items, car

Question 37.
How the exchange rate determined under a fixed exchange rate system with the help of diagram.
Answer:
Fixed exchange rate is also known as pegged ex-change rate system. Under this system, the exchange rate will be determined by central bank. The intervention made in the foreign exchange market by the central bank to keep exchange rate fixed is known as pegging. This can be explained with the help of diagram which is given below.

Here e* is the market determined exchange rate. Suppose that government fixes exchange rate as e,.
At e₁ exchange rate the demand for foreign exchange is greater than the supply of foreign exchange. If there is no control over exchange rate it will increase to e*. In order to maintain the exchange rate at e₁ the central bank will sell AB amount of foreign exchange in the market. So the exchange will be maintained at e*.

Questions from 38 to 41 carry 8 scores each. (4 × 8 = 32)

Question 38.
Describe ’Income method’ and ’Expenditure method’ for calculating National Income.
Answer:
ii) Income method : The income method ap-proaches national income from the income side. National income is the sum total of the rewards earned by the factors of production in an economy in the form of rent, wage, interest and profit.

GDP = W + P + ln + R

iii) Expenditure method : Expenditure method is an alternative way to calculate the GDP and it looks at the demand side of the production. The expenditure method estimates national income by measuring final expenditure on gross domestic product.
GDP = C + I + G + X – M

Question 39.
List the ’quantitative’ and ’qualitative’ tools used for control the extent of money supply. Explain any two quantitative tools.
Answer:
Quantitative Measures
1. Open market operations
2. Bank rate policy
3. Varying reserve requirement
Qualitative measures
1. Moral suasion
The instruments which RBI uses for conducting monetary policy are as follows.
1) Open Market Operations : It refers to the sale and purchase of government securities by the central bank. RBI purchases government securities to the general public in a bid to increase the stock of high powered money in the economy.

2) Bank Rate Policy: As mentioned earlier, RBI commercial banks by adjusting the value of the bank rate – which is the rate of interest commercial banks have to pay RBI – if they borrow money from it in case of shortage of reserves. A low (or high) bank rate encourages banks to keep smaller (or greater) proportion of their deposits as reserves, since borrowing from RBI is now less (or more) costly than before.

3) Varying Reserve Requirements : Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) also work through the rdroute. A high (or low) value of CRR or SLR helps increase (or decrease) the value of reserve deposit ratio, thus diminishing (or increasing) the value of the money multiplier and money supply in the economy in a similar fashion.

4) Sterilization by RBI: RBI often uses its instruments of money creation for stabilizing the stock of money in the economy from external shocks. This operation of RBI is known as sterilization.

Question 40.
Explain Average Fixed Cost (AFC) and Average Vari-able Cost (AVC). Calculate Total Variable Cost (TVC), Average Variable Cost (AVC) and Short Run Marginal Cost (SMC) from the following:

Output (Q)	TFC	TVC	TC	AVC	SMC
0	10		10
1	10		18
2	10		24
3	10		29
4	10		35
5	10		43
6	10		53

Answer:

Output (Q)	TFC	TVC	TC	AVC	SMC
0	10	0	10	–
1	10	8	18	8	10
2	10	14	24	7	6
3	10	19	29	6.3	5
4	10	25	35	6.25	6
5	10	33	43	6.6	8
6	10	43	53	7.16	10

Average fixed cost is the fixed cost per unit. Average variable cost is the variable cost per unit. AFC can be calculated by dividing the total fixed cost with the quantity. Average variable cost can be calculated by dividing the Total variable cost with quantity.
AFC = \(\frac{T F C}{Q}\)
AVC = \(\frac{T V C}{Q}\)
AFC AFC is a rectangular hyperbola. AVC is a ‘U’ shaped curve.

Question 41.
Observe the diagram given below:

(a) Write the equation of budget line. (1)
(b) Explain why the budget line is downward sloping. (2)
(c) Describe optimal choice of the consumer with the help of diagram. (5)
Answer:
a) P₁ x₁ + P₂ x₂ = M
b) Diminishing Marginal Rate of substitution
c)

E is the optimal choice of the consumer. At point E the budget line is tangent with the indifference curve.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2023 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Accountancy Board Model Paper 2023 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Maximum Score: 60

Part – A
(Accounting) (40 Scores)

I. Answer any 4 questions from 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
Find the odd one:
(a) Interest on Capital
(b) Interest on Drawings
(c) Partner’s Commission
(d) Partner’s Salary
Answer:
(b) Interest on Drawings

Question 2.
On admission of a partner, Profit and Loss Account (Dr. Balance) shows:
(a) Accumulated Profit
(b) Revaluation Loss
(c) Reserve
(d) Accumulated Loss
Answer:
(d) Accumulated Loss

Question 3.
The profit and loss on revaluation is transferred to the old partners’ capital account in
(a) Old Ratio
(b) In the ratio of Capital
(c) New Ratio
(d) Sacrificing Ratio
Answer:
(a) Old Ratio

Question 4.
The business of the firm is terminated at the time of
(a) Dissolution of Partnership
(b) Retirement of a Partner
(c) Death of a Partner
(d) Dissolution of Firm
Answer:
(d) Dissolution of Firm

Question 5.
On Dissolution of a firm, the profit on realisation is transferred to _________________
(a) Debit side of partners capital account
(b) Credit side of partner’s capital account
(c) Debit side of cash account
(d) Credit side of cash account
Answer:
(b) Credit side of partner’s capital account

II. Answer all questions from 6 to 7. Each carries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 6.
Anil and Sunil are partners in a firm with equal profit sharing ratio. Sunil drew regularly ₹ 2,000 at the end of every month. Calculate interest at 10% p.a. for the year ended 31st December, 2021.
Answer:
Calculation of Interest on drawings:
Withdrew Rs.2,000 per month at the end of every month = 24000 × \(\frac{10}{100}\) × \(\frac{5.5}{12}\) = Rs.1100

Question 7.
What do you mean by ‘Gaining Ratio’?
Answer:
The ratio in which the remaining partners share the profit of a retiring or deceased partner is called the gaining ratio.
Gaining Ratio = New Ratio – Old Ratio

III. Answer any 2 questions from 8 to 10. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 8.
Distinguish between Fixed Capital Method and Fluctuating Capital Method.
Answer:
Difference between Fixed Capital Method and Fluctuating Method

Fixed Capital Method	Fluctuating Method
1. Under this method, two accounts are maintained, i.e, capital a/c and current a/c.	1. Only one account is maintained, i.e, capital a/c.
2. Usually, the amount of capital remains the same year after year.	2. The balance of the capital account fluctuates from year to year.
3. All adjustments are recorded in a separate current account.	3. All adjustments are recorded in the capital account itself.
4. Both the current a/c and the capital a/c are shown in the Balance Sheet.	4. Only the capital a/c appears in the Balance Sheet.
5. It should be specifically mentioned in the deed.	5. It is not necessary.

Question 9.
Profits of Das Agency for the three years were:

Year	Profits (₹)
2015	25,000
2016	35,000
2017	60,000

Calculate the value of Goodwill based on 2 years’ purchase of average profit.
Answer:
Goodwill Average Profit × No. of Years’ Purchase
Average Profit = \(\frac{25000+35000+60000}{3}\) = Rs. 40,000
Goodwill = 40,000 × 2 = Rs. 80,000

Question 10.
Distinguish between Dissolution of Partnership and Dissolution of Firm.
Answer:
Difference between Dissolution of Partnership and Dissolution of Firm

Basis of Difference	Dissolution of Partnership	Dissolution of Firm
1. Settlement of accounts	Assets and Liabilities are revalued	Assets are realised and liabilities are paid off
2. Closing of books	Books of accounts are not closed	Books are closed
3. Preparation of Balance Sheet	A New Balance Sheet is prepared soon after the Dissolution	New Balance Sheet is not prepared

IV. Answer all questions from 11 to 12. Each carries 4 scores. (2 × 4 = 8)

Question 11.
General Reserve ₹ 30,000 and Profit and Loss Account (Debit Balance) ₹ 10,000 appearing in the Balance sheet of partners Gireesh and FySal on the admission of Suresh is to be adjusted. Give the journal entries assuming that Gireesh and Fysal are equal partners.
Answer:

Question 12.
Anju, Manju and Renju are partners in a firm. Manju retires from the firm. On the date of retirement ₹ 60,000 is due to her. Anju and Renju promise to repay the amount in three equal installments at the end of every year. Prepare Manju’s Loan Account, if they agreed to pay in three equal yearly installments together with interest @ 10% p.a.
Answer:
Manju’s Loan A/c

Note: Instalment = \(\frac{60,000}{3}\) = 20,000

V. Answer all the questions from 13 to 14. Each carries 5 scores: (2 × 5 = 10)

Question 13.
Sachin and Rahul commenced business as partners on 1st January, 2022. Sachin contributed ₹ 1,00,000 and Rahul contributed ₹ 50,000 as their share of capital. The partners decided to share profits and losses in the ratio of 2 : 1. Sachin was entitled to a salary of ₹ 1,000 per month. Interest on capital was to be provided @ 6% p.a. The Drawings of Sachin and Rahul for the year ending 31st December, 2022 were ₹ 15,000 and ₹ 25,000 respectively. The profits of the firm after providing for Sachin’s salary and interest on capital were ₹ 36,000. Prepare partners’ capital accounts when capitals are fluctuating.
Answer:
Partner’s Capital A/c

Question 14.
Hameed, Gopalan and George are equal partners in a firm. Gopalan died on 1st March, 2021. The books of account reveal the following:
General Reserve – ₹ 21,000
Gopalan’s Capital – ₹ 50,000
P/L A/c (Cr) – ₹ 18,000
Gopalan’s Drawings – ₹ 10,000
Value of Goodwill – ₹ 36,000
Prepare Gopalan’s capital account to find out the amount due to his legal heirs.
Answer:
Gopalan’s Capital A/c

V. Answer any one question from 15 to 16. Carries 8 scores. (1 × 8 = 8)

Question 15.
Given below is the Balance Sheet of Vijay and Sanjay who are sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 as on 31st March, 2021.
Balance Sheet as on March 31, 2021

Ajay is admitted as a new partner on the above date on the following terms:
(a) Ajay will bring ₹ 30,000 for his capital and necessary amount of Goodwill in cash for \(\frac{2}{7}\) share in future profits. The Goodwill of the firm has been valued at ₹ 1,40,000.
(b) Stock revalued at ₹ 72,000
(c) Plant and Machinery reduced by 10%.
(d) Create provision for bad debts @ 10% on debtors.
Prepare Revaluation Account, Partners Capital Account and the New Balance Sheet.
Answer:
Revaluation A/c

Partner’s Capital A/c

Ajay’s share of goodwill = 140000 × \(\frac{2}{7}\) = 40,000
Sacrificing Ratio = 3 : 2
Balance Sheet

Question 16.
Arun, Bhaskarand, and Christy are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2. Their Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2021 was as follows:
Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2021

The firm was dissolved on that date. Prepare Realisation Account with the following information:
(a) Building realised for ₹ 1,50,000, Bill Receivable Realised for ₹ 75,000, Stock realised for ₹ 50,000, Machinery realised for ₹ 35,000 and Furniture ₹ 40,000.
(b) Bank Loan was settled for ₹ 80,000.
(c) Creditors and Bill payable were settled at 10% discount.
(d) Realisation expense ₹ 1,500.
Answer:
Realisation A/c

Section – II
(Computerised Accounting) (20 Scores)

VII. Answer any 3 questions from 17 to 20. Each carries 1 score. (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 17.
Pick out the odd one out.
(a) Password Security
(b) Data Audit
(c) Data Vault
(d) Data Bank
Answer:
(d) Data Bank

Question 18.
Which command reverses the last action performed in the worksheet?
(a) Cut
(b) Redo
(c) Undo
(d) Paste
Answer:
(c) Undo

Question 19.
Libre Office Calc is a _________________ program.
(a) Word Processor
(b) Browser
(c) Calculator
(d) Spreadsheet
Answer:
(d) Spreadsheet

Question 20.
Which among the following is free and open source software for Accounting?
(a) GNUKhata
(b) Tally
(c) PeechTree
(d) Dac Easy
Answer:
(a) GNUKhata

VIII. Answer the question 21 which carries 2 scores. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 21.
What is Primary Key?
Answer:
Primary key is a unique key which identifies a row in a table. A primary key comprises a single column or set of columns.

IX. Answer all the questions from 22 to 23. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 22.
What are the features of Charts?
Answer:

• Chart is a graphical representation of data.
• They are a visual representation of numerical data.
• Charts can be read more quickly than the raw data.

Question 23.
Give the cell address or range reference in the following situation:
(a) Cell at 10th column and 6th row.
(b) Cell at 20th column and 10th row.
(c) Range starting from 5th column 10th row and spread till 12th column and 16th row.
Answer:
(a) J6
(b) T10
(c) E10:L16

X. Answer the question 24 which carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 24.
Explain the four advantages of a Computerised Accounting System.
Answer:

• Financial reports can be prepared in time.
• Alterations and additions in transactions are easy and give the changed result in all books of accounts instantly.
• It ensures effective control over the system.
• Economy in the processing of accounting data.

XI. Answer any one question from 25 to 26. Carries 5 scores. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 25.
Explain the procedure to be followed while preparing the Payroll statement.
Answer:
Preparation of payroll statement
Step 1: Calculation of Total earnings

• Earnings include Basic Pay, Grade Pay, Dearness Pay, Dearness allowance, House Rent allowance, Transport Allowance, etc.
• Enter the above headings in the cells A1, B1, C1, D1, E1 respectively.
• Enter the amounts in A2, B2, C2, D2 etc. respectively.
• To get the total earnings, use the given formula.
• Total earnings = Σ(A2 + B2 + C2 + D2 +……..)

Step 2: Calculation of Total Deductions

• Deductions include Professional Tax, Provident Fund, Tax deducted at source, Loan recovery, etc.
• Enter the above headings in the cells A3, B3, C3, D3 etc.
• Enter the amounts in A4, B4, C4, D4 respectively.
• To get the total deductions, use the given formula
• Total deductions = Σ(A4 + B4 + C4 + D4 +………..)

Step 3: Calculation of Net Salary
Use the given formula to find out Net Salary.
Net Salary = Total Earnings – Total Deductions

Question 26.
Explain the procedure to be followed while preparing Cash Book in GNU Khata.
Answer:
Procedure:
Step 1: Create a New organisation with imaginary data – Profit making
Step 2: Creation of Ledger Accounts
Master Menu → Create Account
Group – Current Assets
Sub Group – Cash
Account – Cash in hand
Enter the opening cash balance.
Step 3: Display ledger account
Report → Ledger → Cash in hand → View

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2022 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Economics Board Model Paper 2022 with Answers

Part – I

A. Answer any 4 questions from 1 to 6. Each caries 1 Score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
The relationship between inputs used and output produced:
a) Revenue function
b) Cost function
c) Production function
d) Demand function
Answer:
c) Production function

Question 2.
Steel sheets used for making automobiles is an ex-ample of:
a) Consumer durables
b) Final goods
c) Consumption goods
d) Intermediate goods
Answer:
c) Consumption goods

Question 3.
J.M. Keynes is associated with
a) Macro Economics
b) Welfare Economics
c) Environmental Economics
d) Behavioural Economics
Answer:
a) Macro Economics

Question 4.
The difference between a firm’s Total Revenue and its Total Cost:
а) Average product
b) Profit
c) Average cost
d) Average variable cost
Answer:
b) Profit

Question 5.
The rate at which one exchanged for another cur-rency:
a) Rate of interest
b) Rate of unemployment
c) Rate of inflation
d) Rate of exchange
Answer:
d) Rate of exchange

Question 6.
The change in Total uitlity due to consumption of one additional unit of commodity.
a) Average utility
b) Marginal utility
c) Total utility
d) Marginal rate of substitution
Answer:
b) Marginal utility

B. Answer all questions from 7 to 10. Each carries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 7.
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) + NFIA (Net Faction Income from Abroad) =?
a) Gross National Product
b) Depreciation
c) Net Indirect Taxes
d) Net National Product (NNP)
Answer:
a) Gross National Product

Question 8.
Price Elasticity of a Unity Elastic Demand curve:
a) ed = 1
b) ed = 0
c) ed > 1
d) ed > 1
Answer:
a) ed = 1

Question 9.
The number of sellers in an oligopoly market
a) Very large
b) large
c) Few
d) One
Answer:
c) Few

Question 10.
Which of the following will be determined at the point where the labour supply curve and labour demand curve intersect?
a) Rent
b) Wage rate
c) Rate of interest
d) Profit
Answer:
b) Wage rate

Part – II

A. Answer any 3 questions from 11 to 15. Each carries 2 scores. (3 × 2 = 6)

Question 11.
Elucidate normal goods with example.
Answer:
The goods whose demand increases as income of consumer increases and vice versa are called normal goods. So here existing a positive relationship between income of the consumers and their demand, eg. TV, Computer.

Question 12.
Identify the following concepts:
a) The time period where at least one of the factors of production is dixed.
b) The time period where all the factors of production can be varied.
Answer:
a) Short run
b) Long run

Question 13.
Define the following:
a) Investment
b) Depreciation
Answer:
a) The part of final output that comprises capital goods is called investment.
b) The wear and tear of capital goods is called depreciation or consumption of fixed capital.

Question 14.
Distinguish between Excess demand and Excess supply.
Answer:
a) The situation where market demand is higher than market supply is known as excess demand.
b) The situation where market supply is higher than market demand is known as excess supply.

Question 15.
What do you mean by Marginal Propensity to Con-sume (MPC)?
Answer:
The ratio of change in consumption to change in income is known as MPC. ie. impact of change in income on consumption.

B. Answer any 2 questions from 16 to 18. Each carries 2 scores, (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 16.
List any two motives for which people desire to hold money balance.
Answer:
1. For transaction purpose/motive
2. For speculation purpose / motive

Question 17.
Identify four sectors of the economy from macro-economic point of view.
Answer:
From Macroeconomic point of view an economy has four sectors, they are
Households

Question 18.
Mention any two factors determining the supply curve of a firm.
Answer:
Factors affecting supply curve of a firm
1. Price of input
2. Technology of production.

A. Answer any 3 questions from 19 to 23. Each caries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 19.
Explain any two central problems of economy re-gaining the allocation of resources.
Answer:
All economies in the world address almost same issues related to economic affairs, these issues are known as central problems of an economy they are (two problems)
1. What to produce
2. How to produce

1. What to produce:
Every economy needs lakhs of goods and services. Since the resources are scarce, all these goods and services cannot be produced. That’s why the question What to produce’ arises. So it is very Important to decide what to produce before the production starts.

2. How to produce:
This problem is related to the selection of production technique. Economies can select their production technique which suits best. They can choose labour intensive technique or capital intensive technique.

Question 20.
The table shows the price and quantity of a com-modity sold in a monoploy.
Answer:

Price	Quality
10	1
8	2
6	3
4	4
2	5

TR = Prise x Quantity
AR = \(\frac{\text { TR }}{\text { Quantity }}\)

b) I singleseller
2. unique product

Question 21.
Explain the function of money.
Answer:
Money plays an important role in the modern word. The vital role played by money can be termed as functions of money. They are

• Primary functions
  1. Medium of exchange
  2. Measure of value
• Secondary functions
  1. Storeof value
  2. Standard of differed payment
  3. Transfer of value
• Contingent functions
  1. Basis of credit
  2. Liquidity
  3. Distribution of National income
  4. Guarantor of solvency

Question 22.
With the help of a diagram analyse the ‘Law of vari able proportion’.
Answer:
Short run production function is known as law of variable proportion or law of returns to a factor. Here only one factor is variable and all other factors are fixed. This law is otherwise known as law of diminishing marginal product. It explains the situation. when more and more units of variable factors are added to fixed factors then total product and marginal product will pass through three stages. They are
1. Increasing returns to a factor
2. Diminishing return to a factor
3. Negative returns to a factor

(1) Stage I : Increasing returns to a factor From the graph we can understand that total product, marginal product and average products are increasing s more variable factors are added. Here in this stage marginal product reaches its maximum.

(2) Stage II : Diminishing returns to a factor Here in this stage total product increases but at a decreasing rate. Both MP and AP declines and marginal product becomes zero, when variable inputs increases.

(3) Stage III : Negative returns to a factor In this stage, total product starts declining, marginal product becomes negative and average product continues to decline but it never becomes zero.

Question 23.
Explain the components of Aggregate Demand (AD)
Answer:
Aggregate demand (AD) is the total demand of an economy.
AD = C + I
C – Consumption
I – Investment

Consumption:
Consumption spending is the largest component of an economy’s aggregate demand, it refers to the total spending of indMduals and households or goods and services in the economy.

Investment:
Investment spending is the total expenditure on new capital goods and services such as machinery, equipment, changes in inventories.

B. Answer any 1 Question from 24 to 25. carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 24.
Match the following:

A	B
Long Run Average Cost (LRAC)	Input Combination giving same output
Long Run Marginal Cost (LRMC)	Tc/q
Cobb Douglas. Production Function	Passing through the minimum of LRAC
Isoquant	Long Run Production Function

Answer:

A	B
Long Run Average Cost (LRAC)	Tc/q
Long Run Marginal Cost (LRMC)	Passing through the minimum of LRAC
Cobb Douglas. Production Function	Long run production function
Isoquant	Input combinations giving same output

Question 25.
Explain any two reasons why GDP cannot be considered as an index of the welfare of the people
of a country.
Answer:
GDP is the money value of final goods and services produced by a nation during a financial year. Nation with high GDP is considered as the best, so we can say that GDP is considered as an index of development but it has certain drawbacks that’s why we cannot consider GDP as a best index of the welfare of the people.

Reasons:
1. Inequality in the distribution of income.
Along with increase in GDP inequalities in income may occur. Even if the majority does not experience any increse in income, the GDP will increase if the income of a minority increases. Here welfare diminishes even when GDP increases.

2. GDP and harmful goods.
While calculating GDP all goods and service are considered. Whether these goods and services are useful or harmful to the people is not taken into consideration. An increase in the production of such harmful products will result in an increase in GDP. But overconsumption of such harmful products result in loss of welfare, eg:-Alcohol, Tubacoo products.

Part – IV

A. Answer any 3 questions from 26 to 29. Each caries6 scores. (3 × 6 = 18)

Question 26.
The diagram shows the relationship between Aver age Cost (AC) and Marginal Cost (MC) curve:

i) Write short notes on:
a) Average Cost (AC)
b) Marginal Cost (MC)
ii) With the help of above diagram identify any two relationships between Average Cost (AC) and Marginal Cost (MC).
Answer:
(i) a) AC (Average cost) Cost per unit of out put is known as average cost
AC = \(\frac{\mathrm{TC}}{\mathrm{Q}}\)

b) MC (Marginal cost)
It is the change in total cost per unit change in output
MC = \(\frac{\Delta \mathrm{TC}}{\Delta \mathrm{Q}}\)

(ii) a) In the initial stage both MC and AC are diminishing (decreasng)
b) MC equals AC at the minimum point of AC.

Question 27.
With the help of diagrams anale ‘Prive Ceiling’ and ‘Price floor’.
Answer:
‘Price ceiling’
It is the upper limit on the price of goods and services imposed by the government to protect the interest of consumers (ie. protection from high price)

Here in the diagram P₀ is equilibrium price which is higher, P_c is the ceiling price fixed by government which is lower than P₀.

‘Price floor’
It is otherwise known as support price, it is the minimum price fixed by government to protect the interest of the producers.

Here in the diagram P₀ is equilibnum price which is very low. To ensure fair pnœ government fixes floor price above the equilibnum price (P₀). It is the floor price.

Question 28.
Prepare notes on :
a) Revenue receipts
b) Revenue expenditure
Answer:
a) Revenue receipts:
The receipts which do not create liabilities or reduce government assets are known as revenue receipts.
Revenue receipts can be divided in to tax revenue and non tax revenue.

Tax revenue:
Revenue earned from taxes. Taxes are of two types.
1. Direct taxes
2. Indirect taxes

Non tax revenue:
Revenue earned by government from other than taxes, they are

1. Fees
2. Fines and penalties
3. Special assessments
4. Income from public property
5. Grants in aid
6. Escheats
7. Dividends and profits.
8. Interest and loans.
9. Printing of currency.

b) Revenue expenditure
Expenditure that does not create assets or reduce liabilities is called revenue expenditure, eg: interest payments, salaries and pension grants in aid.
The revenue expenditure is classified into two.

1. Plan revenue expenditure
2. Non plan revenue expenditure.

Question 29.
Explain the objectives of government budget.
Answer:
Budget is a nation’s yearlong financial report explaining itemwise calculations of expected revenue
and expenditure. Budget has some important objectives they are given below.

1. Attain economic growth. A nation’s economic growth is based on the rate of investments and savings. Budget focuses on preparing adequate resources for investing in the public sector and rising the overall rate of investments and savings.

2. To attain economic stability Policies such as deficit budget during deflation and surplus budget during inflation will help in balancing the prices in the economy.

3. Reduce inequalities in income and wealth. Through progressive taxation and productive public expenditure government tries to reduce inequalities in income and wealth.

4. Reallocation of resources. Through budget government tries to manage resources to locate one place to other ie. from surplus area to deficit area.

5. To reduce regional disparities. Through budget government tries to bring development in backward areas through this government aims reduce regional disparities.

B. Answer any 2 questions from 30 to 32. Each carries 6 scores. (2 × 6 = 12)

Question 30.
i) What do you mean by Price Elasticity of Demand(PED)?
ii) Graphically explain the perfectly elastic and perfectly inelastic demand curves.
Answer:
i) Price elasticity of demand It is the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded of a commodity with respect to change in tis price. It is obtained by dividing the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price. On the basis of degree of change in the quantity demand, elasticity can be classified into a five types, they are

1. Elastic demand
2. Unitary elastic demand
3. Inelastic demand
4. Perfectly elastic demand
5. Perfectly inelastic demand.

ii) Perfectly elastic demand

When a small change in price leads to infinite change in demand, this type of demand elasticity is known as perfectly elastic demand. Here the value of elasticity is infinite; demand curve would be parallel to x axis.

Perfectly inelastic demand

Here in this case price has no effect on demand, so the value of elasticity is zero. In this case demand curve is a vertical straight line parallel to y axis.

Question 31.
RBI publishes figures for four alternative measures of money supply.
i) Elucidate four measures of Money Supply in India.
ii) Identify Narrow Money and Broad Money.
Answer:
a) Supply of money in our nation is entirely controlled by RBI. RBI publishes four different measures of money supply under the heads M₁ M₂, M₃ and M₃

M₁ = CU + OD ie currency notes and coins held by the public + net demand deposits of the people held by commercial banks.

M₂ = M₁ + saving deposits with post office – savings banks.

M₃ = M₁ + Net time deposits of commercial banks

M₄ = MM₃ + Total post office deposits except national savings certificates

b) Here M₁and M₂ are known as narrow money
M₃ & M₄ are known as broad money has thethighest liquidity M4 has least liquidity.

Question 32.
i) Distinguish between open economy and closed economy.
ii) Product market is one of the linkages through which open economies establish economic relation with rest of the World. Explain the other two linkages.
Answer:
(i) Open economy
An economy which has economic relations with other countries through exchanging goods and services financial assets etc. can be termed as an open economy. This type of economy will function freely without much regulations and control.

Closed economy
An economy without economic relations with other countries through exchanging goods and services financial assets etc. can be termed as a closed economy.

(ii) This openness can be attained through different types of linkages (ie. – connections) They are:

1. Product market linkage
2. Financial market linkage
3. Factor market linkage

Financial market linkage:
Through this investors can invest in domestic economy and foreign economy; this will result in creation of a friendly environment and co-operation at global level.

Factor market linkage:
This means factors of production are transferable between nations. This will improve the relationship between different nations in the world.

Part – V

Answer any 2 questions from 33 to 35. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 33.
i) Mention the properties of Indifference curves.
ii) Diagrammatically explain the optimal choice of consumer.
Answer:
i) Indifference curve:
It is the locus of points of combinations of two goods which give same level of satisfaction to the consumer.

Features of indifference curve.

1. Indifference curve slopes downwards from left to right.
2. Indifference curve is convex to origin.
3. Higher indifference curves represent higher levels of satisfaction.
4. Indifference curves do not intersect each other

ii) Optimal choice of the consumer
A consumer prefers a situation where his satisfaction is maximum. According to indifference curve approach, a consumer attains equilibrium at the point where budget line is tangent to highest possible indifference curve.

Here in the diagram point ‘E’ shows optimal choice of the consumer.

Question 34.
With the help of diagrams analyse the profit maximisation conditions of a firm under perfectcomPetition in short run.
Answer:
Perfect competition. It is a market situation where large number of buyers and sellers operate freely perfect competition is anextreme form of market which is rarely existing in the real world.

Features of perfect competition.

1. Large number of buyers and sellers
2. Homogenous products
3. Perfect mobility of factors of production
4. Perfect know’edge of market condition
5. Freedom of entry and exit
6. Absence of transport cost
7. Uniform price
8. Absence of selling cost
9. Firms are price takers.

Short run equilibrium
Conditions of equilibrium.
1. P = MC
2. MC curve should cut MR curve from below.
3. Price should be greater than or equal to AVC
Diagrammatic representation of equilibrium

The above given diagram represents short run equilibrium under perfect competition.
Here TR = OPAQ
TC = OEBQ
Profit = TR – TC
ie. OPAQ – OEBQ = EPAB

Question 35.
What do you mean by GDP? Explain any two methods of calculating GDP.
Answer:
a) GDP
Money value of all final goods and services produced by a nation during a financial year is known as national income (GDP). Computation of national income is an important activity. To compute national income we can use three different methods, they are
1. Product method or value added method
2. Expenditure method or out lay method
3. Income-method

b) Product method or value added method
Here in this method national income is calculated by adding all the final goods and services produced by all production units in a nation during a financial year. But it is not so easy because the final output produced by a firm is used as input in other firms this problem Is termed as double counting. To avoid this problem value added method is used to calculate final value of output. As per value added method, GDP is the sum of gross value added by all the producers in the domestic territory.

2. Income method
Under his method GDP is calculated by adding together all the factor income received by the owners of factors of production, such as land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship. Therefore as per income method the GDP of an economy is the sum total of wages, rent, interest and grossprofit. ie.GDP = W +R + l + P

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2020 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Paper March 2020

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60

Part – A
Accounting

I. Answer all questions from 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
The amount received by the Not-for Profit organisation as per the will of a deceased person is called _________________
(a) Honorarium
(b) Subscription
(c) Legacy
(d) Specific grant
Answer:
(c) Legacy

Question 2.
At the time of dissolution of a firm, which of the following liabilities will be paid first?
(a) Outstanding Salary of Partners
(b) Partners Loan
(c) Partners Capital
(d) Sundry Creditors
Answer:
(d) Sundry Creditors

Question 3.
A Partnership firm incurred a loss of Rs. 28,000 during the year 2018-19. Which among the following is admissible to Partners at the end of this year?
(a) Interest on Partner’s Loan
(b) Interest on Partners Capital
(c) Commission to Pamters
(d) Salary to Pamters
Answer:
(a) Interest on Partner’s Loan

Question 4.
Goodwill brought in by the incoming partner in cash is credited to _________________
(a) Old Partners Capital Account in Sacrificing ratio
(b) Old Partners Capital Account in new ratio
(c) New Partners Capital Account in Gaining ratio
(d) New Partners Capital Account in new ratio
Answer:
(a) Old Partners Capital Account in Sacrificing ratio

Question 5.
At the time of reconstitution of a firm, the value ofthe  Building is found to have appreciated by 20%. What journal entry will be passed for the above adjustment about revaluation?
Answer:
Building A/c Dr
To Revaluation A/c

II. Answer any 4 questions from 6 to 10. Each carries 2 scores. (4 × 2 = 8)

Question 6.
Siva is a partner in United Tours and Travels. He withdraws Rs. 4,000 per month regularly in the middle of every month during the year 2019. The rate of interest on drawings is 8%. Calculate Interest on drawings for the year 2019.
Answer:
Interest on drawings = Total Amount × Average period × Rate of interest
Total amount = 4000 × 12 = 48,000
Interest on drawings = 48,000 × \(\frac{6}{12}\) × \(\frac{8}{100}\) = 1,920

Question 7.
Briefly explain any two circumstances that need the valuation of goodwill in a Partnership firm.
Answer:
Need for valuation of goodwill

• Change in the profit sharing ratio amongst the existing partners.
• Admission of new partner.
• Retirement or death of a partner.

Question 8.
Do you think that there is a need for the revaluation of assets and liabilities of a firm on the retirement of a partner? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, it is necessary to revalue the assets and liabilities of a firm on the retirement of a partner. The following are the reasons:

• To show the true value of assets and liabilities.
• To ascertain profit or loss on revaluation of assets and liabilities.

Question 9.
Show how the following items will appear in the financial statement of a Not-for-Profit organisation:
(i) Cricket Match fund Rs. 40,000
(ii) Cricket Match Expenses Rs. 23,000
(iii) Donations received for conducting cricket matches Rs. 12,00,000
(iv) Sale of Cricket Match tickets Rs. 16,00,000
Answer:
Balance Sheet

Question 10.
Enumerate any two rights acquired by a newly admitted partner of a firm.
Answer:
(a) Right to share the assets of the firm.
(b) Right to share the profits of the firm.

III. Answer any 3 questions from 11 to 14. Each carries 3 scores. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 11.
Rejith is a partner in a firm. On 1st January 2017, his capital account balance was Rs. 2,20,000. As per partnership agreement, a partner is entitled to 6% interest per annum on his capital. Rejith introduced additional capital Rs. 80,000 on 01-07-2017 and withdrew Rs. 50,000 on 1-10-2017. Calculate the interest on capital for the year ending 31st December 2017.
Answer:
Interest on capital
1. 2,20,000 × \(\frac{6}{100}\) × \(\frac{9}{12}\) = 9,900 (January to September)
2. 2,20,000 – 50,000 = 1,70,000
1,70,000 × \(\frac{6}{100}\) × \(\frac{3}{12}\) = 2,550 (October to December)
3. 80,000 × \(\frac{6}{100}\) × \(\frac{6}{12}\) = 2400 (July to December)
Interest oncapital for the year ending on 31.12.2017 = 9,900 + 2,550 + 2,400 = 14,850

Question 12.
State any three differences between dissolution of partnership and dissolution of firm.
Answer:
Difference between dissolution of partnership and dissolution of firm
(a) In the case of dissolution of partnership, the business is not terminated. But, in dissolution of the firm, the business of the firm is completely closed.
(b) In the case of dissolution of partnership assets and liabilities are revaluated and new balance sheet is drawn. But, in dissolution of firm, assets are sold and liabilities are paid off.
(c) The book of accounts are not closed in the case of dissolution of partnership. But, all books of accounts are closed in the case of dissolution of fthe irm.

Question 13.
The profit for the last five years of a firm were as follows:

Year	Profit
2014	62,000
2015	58,000
2016	84,000
2017	78,000
2018	80,000

Capital employed in the firm is Rs. 5,00,000. Calculate the value of goodwill based on 3 years purchase of Super Profit, assuming that the normal rate of return on capital employed is 12%.
Answer:
Calculation of Goodwill
Goodwill = Super profit × Number of year purchase
Super profit = Average profit – Normal profit
Average profit = \(\frac{62,000+58,000+84,000+78,000+80,000}{5}\) = 72,400
Normal profit = Capital employed × Normal rate of return
= 5,00,000 × \(\frac{12}{100}\)
= 60,000
Super profit = 72,400 – 60,000 = 12,400
Goodwill = 12.400 × 3 = 37,200

Question 14.
List out the various adjustments required in the accounts of a firm on retirement of a partner. (6 Points).
Answer:
Adjustment required on retirement of a partner

• Ascertainment of new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio.
• Adjustment regarding goodwill.
• Adjustment of general reserves and accumulated profit/losses.
• Revaluation of assets and liabilities.
• Ascertainment of share of profit or loss up to the date of retirement.
• Adjustment of capital.
• Settlement of total amount due to the retiring partner.

IV. Answer any 2 questions from 15 to 17. Each carries 5 scores. (2 × 5 = 10)

Question 15.
Following is the Balance Sheet of Lekshmi, Priya, and Deepa, who share profits and losses equally.
Balance Sheet of Lekshmi, Priya and Deepa as on 31/03/2017

Lekshmi died on 31st May 2017. According to the Partnership deed her legal representatives are entitled to:
1. Balance in the capital account and undistributed profit/loss.
2. Share of Goodwill under average profit method.
3. Share in the profit upto the date of death based on last year Profit.
4. Interest on capital @ 6% p.a.
The goodwill of the firm under average profit method is Rs. 42,000 and profit for the year 2016-17 Rs. 21,600. Calcualte the amount payable to Lekshmi’s legal representatives.
Answer:

Note:
1. Calculation of goodwill
Lekshmi’s share of goodwill = 42,000 × \(\frac{1}{3}\) = 14,000
Priya’s gain = 14,000 × \(\frac{1}{2}\) = 7,000
Deepa’s gain = 14,000 × \(\frac{1}{2}\) = 7,000
Gaining ratio = 1 : 1

2. Profit upto the date of death = 21,600 × \(\frac{1}{3}\) × \(\frac{2}{12}\) = 1200

Question 16.
Sathy and Varsha are partners in a firm sharing profit and losses in the ratio of 3 : 1. Their Balance Sheet as on 1st January 2019 was as follows:
Balance Sheet of Sathy and Varsha as on 01/01/2019

Suma is admitted into the firm with \(\frac{1}{4}\) share in profits on the following terms:
1. Market value of Investment re to be taken at Rs. 70,000.
2. Buildings were found undervalued by Rs. 4,000.
3. Stock is revalued at Rs. 26,000.
4. It was found that creditors included a sum of Rs. 3,000 which was not to be paid.
5. Machinery is to be depreciated by 10%.
Prepare Revaluation Account.
Answer:

Question 17.
Write any five differences between Receipts and Payments Account and Income and Expenditure Account.
Answer:
Difference between Receipts & Payment A/c and Income and Expenditure A/c

Receipts and Payment A/c	Income and Expenditure A/c
1. It is the summary of cash book.	1. It is like a profit and Loss Account.
2. Starts with opening balance of cash in hand and at bank.	2. No such opening balance.
3. Records receipts and payments of revenue as well as capital nature.	3. It records income and expenditure of revenue nature only.
4. Receipts and payments may relates to preceding and succeeding periods.	4. Income and expenditure item relates only to the current period.
5. Non-cash items such as depreciation, provision for bad debt etc. are not considered.	5. Non-cash items relating the current period included in the account.
6. Prepared on cash basis.	6. Prepared on accrual basis.

V. Answer any 1 question from 18 to 19, which carries 8 scores. (1 × 8 = 8)

Question 18.
Following is the Receipts and Payments Account of Madras Sports Club for the year ending 31st March 2019.
Receipts and Payments Account for the Year ending 31.03.2019

Additional Information:
1. Subscription outstanding during 2018-19 amounted to Rs. 26,000.
2. Salary outstanding for the year 2018-19 amounted to Rs. 8,000.
3. Entrance fees and Donation should be capitalized.
4. The stock of stationery as on 31-03-2019 is valued at Rs. 800.
5. Depreciation is to be charged @ 10% p.a. on Sports equipments.
6. On 1st April 2018, other balances were as under:
Land and Building Rs. 1,20,000
Sports Equipment Rs. 18,000
Library Books Rs. 10,000
Prepare Income & Expenditure Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as on that date.
Answer:
Income and Expenditure A/c for the year ended 31.03.2019

Balance Sheet as on 01.04.2018


Balance sheet as on 31.03.2019

Question 19.
Manu and Manoj are partners, who share profit in the ratio of 2 : 1. Following is te Balance Sheet as on 31st March 2018.
Balance Sheet of Manu and Manoj as on 31/03/2018

On a dispute between the partners, they decided to dissolve the firm on the following terms:
1. Realisation expenses amounted to Rs. 4,000.
2. Debtors realised at a discount of 5%.
3. Stock realised at Rs. 50,000.
4. Fixed Assets realised-
Land & Building Rs. 1,40,000
Furniture Rs. 18,000
5. There was an unrecorded asset of Rs. 5,000, which was taken over by Manu.
6. Creditors are paid in full.
Prepare necessary ledger accounts to close the books of a firm.
Answer:

Part – B
Computerised Accounting

VI. Answer all questioris from 20 to 22. Each carries 1 score. (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 20.
The Code CS101, CS102, CS103 for customer x, y, and z is an example of _________________ code.
(a) Mnemonic
(b) Sequential
(c) Block
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Sequential

Question 21.
Which of the following is not a component of a Payroll statement?
(a) D.A
(b) D.B
(c) H.R.A
(d) P.F
Answer:
(b) D.B

Question 22.
The tool used to connect two tables in LibreOffice Base.
(a) Report
(b) Queries
(c) Form
(d) Relationship
Answer:
(d) Relationship

VII. Answer any 3 questions from 23 to 26. Each carries 2 scores. (3 × 2 = 6)

Question 23.
Discuss any two security features of Computerised Accounting System.
Answer:
Security features of CAS
(i) Password security
(ii) Data Audit
(iii) Data Vault

Question 24.
The details of the sales are given below in the following spreadsheet:

Write the formula to calculate:
(a) Total Sales in cell C5.
(b) 10% Sales Commission to Praveen in cell D2.
Answer:
(a) = SUM (C2:C4) (Or) = C2 + C3 + C4
(b) = C2 * 10% (Or) = C2 * 10/100

Question 25.
Name the system generated ledger accounts in GNUkhata.
Answer:
System Generated Ledger Accounts

• Closing Stock
• Opening Stock
• Profit & Loss A/c (Or) Income & Expenditure A/c
• Stock at the Beginning

Question 26.
List out any four “data types” available in “LibreOffice Base”.
Answer:
Data types in LibreOffice Base:

• Text
• Number
• Data
• Time
• Yes/No
• Integer
• Memo
• Decimal…etc.

VIII. Answer any 2 questions from 26 to 29. Each carries 3 scores. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 27.
Arun Traders took a loan of Rs. 1,00,000 for 24 months from SBI @ 12% interest for that period.
(a) Identify the financial function used for preparing loan repayment schedule in calc.
(b) Give its Syntax and explain its parameters.
Answer:
(a) PMT function
(b) = PMT (Rate, Nper, Pv, Fv, Type)

Question 28.
A chart is given for you.

(a) Identify the name of the above chart type.
(b) Briefly explain any advantages of preparing charts.
Answer:
(a) Column Chart
(b) Advantages of Chart

• Visual appeal
• Read the data easily
• Analyse and interpret data quickly
• Know the trends

Question 29.
Write the different steps for creating a Table in LibreOffice Base.
Answer:
Steps to Create Table in LibreOffice Base

• Open LibreOffice Base
• Application → Office → Libre Office Base
• Create Tables
• Click on Tables → Create table in design view
• Enter the field Name → Field type → Set the Primary key
• Save

IX. Answer any 1 question from 30 to 31. Each carries 5 scores. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 30.
Describe the use and Syntax of the following functions in LibreOffice Calc:
(a) Now
(b) Count
(c) IF
(d) Rate
(e) Concatenate
Answer:
Use and Syntax of calc functions
(a) Now – It shows the current system date and time
The Syntax is = NOW ()

(b) Count – It counts cells that contain Numbers.
Syntax is = COUNT (Value 1, Value 2..) (or) = COUNT (Range)

(c) IF – It analyzes a logical test and evaluates the condition is true or false
Syntax is = IF (Test, Then – value, otherwise – values) (or) = IF (Logical – test, value – if true, value – if false)

(d) Rate – It is used to evaluate the rate of return on investment or interest on loan.
Syntax is = Rate (Nper, Pmt, PV, FV, Type, Guess)

(e) Concatenate – It is used to join two or more strings together.
Syntax is = concatenate (“Text 1”, “Text 2”,……)

Question 31.
Devika Agencies already created an organisation in GNUkhata. Now they want to create ledger accounts. Write the procedure to create the following ledger accounts by preparing a table showing relevant groups and subgroups, assuming that ther is no opening balances.
1. Capital
2. Furniture
3. Cash
4. Debtors
7. Sales
8. Salary
Answer:
Create Leger Accounts
Master → Create Account → Select Group → Select Sub Group → Enter the Account Name → Save
The Groups and Sub-Groups of the Leger Account are:

Ledger Account	Group	Sub-Group
1. Capital	Capital	None
2. Furniture	Fixed Assets	Furniture
3. Cash	Current Assets	Cash
4. Debtors	Current Assets	Sundry Debtors
5. Creditors	Current Liabilities	Sundry Creditors for Purchase
6. Purchases	Direct Expense	None
7. Sales	Direct Income	None
8. Salary	Indirect Expense	None

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2021 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Paper March 2021

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60 Marks

Answer the following questions from 1 to 44 upto a maximum score of 60.

Questions from (a) to (e) carry 1 score each. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
a) Write the keyword from the following :
i) area
ii) total
iii) break
iv) start
b) Name the built-in function used to copy one string into another.
c) Expand DNS.
d) A candidate key, that is not the primary key is called ____________ .
e) SIM is
i) Subscriber Identify Module.
ii) Subscriber Identify Mobile.
iii) Subscription Identification Module.
iv) Subscription Identification Mobile.
Answer:
(a) break;
(b) strcpy()
c) Domain Name System
d) Alternate Key
e) Subscriber Identity Module.

Questions from 2 to 21 carry 2 score each. (20 × 2 = 40)

Question 2.
Name any four tokens.
Answer:
Keywords, Identifiers, Literals, Punctuators, Operators (KILPO)

Question 3.
Write the syntax of for loop.
Answer:

for(initialization; test expression; update statement)
{
Body of loop;
}

Question 4.
Write any two rules for naming identifiers in C++.
Answer:

1. Variable name starts with alphabet or under score.
2. Digits can be used followed by a character
3. Keywords cannot be used
4. Special characters including white spaces cannot be used.

Question 5.
What is an array? Write the syntax to declare an array.
Answer:
An array is a collection of elements with same data type. With the same name we can store many elements. Syntax: data_type variable_name[size of the array];

Question 6.
Consider the following array:
int a[5]{4, 0, 7, 6, 1}
write the output of
i) cout <<a [2];
ii) cout <<a[4];
Answer:
1) 7
2) 1

Question 7.
Write the names of C++ built-in functions to :
i) Find the length of a string
ii) Combine two strings.
Answer:
i) strlen();
ii) strcat();

Question 8.
Name the header files needed for the functions pow() and isdigit().
Answer:
cmath and cctype

Question 9.
What is a container tag? Write an example.
Answer:
A container tag has both opening and closing tag.
Eg. <html>, <body> etc.

Question 10.
Classify the following into tags and attributes :
a) BR
b) WIDTH
c) LINK
d) IMG
Answer:

Tags	Attributes
BR, IMG	WIDTH, LINK

Question 11.
Write the purpose of <B> Tag and <U> Tag.
Answer:
<B> – To make the text bold
<U> – To make the text underline.

Question 12.
Name any two attributes of <FONT> Tag.
Answer:
Face, color, size.

Question 13.
What is a hyperlink? Which is the tag used to create a hyperlink in HTML document?
Answer:
Hyper links are used to connect two documents or two locations of the same document. <a> tag is used for the same.

Question 14.
Write the names of any two attributes of <TR> tag.
Answer:
Align, valign, bgcolor.

Question 15.
Write the names of tags used to create an ordered and un-ordered list.
Answer:
<OL> for ordered list and <UL> is used for unortlered list.

Question 16.
Write the names of any two datatypes in JavaScript.
Answer:
Number, String , Boolean(any 2)

Question 17.
What is the importance of <SCRIPT> tag in JavaScript. Write its main attribute.
Answer:
<script> tag is used to write scripts in html document. Its main attribute is lang.

Question 18.
Distinguish between CHAR and VARCHAR datatypes in SQL.
Answer:
Both are used to store characters. CHAR is used for fixed number of characters while VARCHAR is used for variable length of characters. No memory wastage in VARCHAR method.

Question 19.
Name any two constraints in SQL.
Answer:
Primary key, autoj’ncrement, not null, unique, default.

Question 20.
Write any two benefits of using ERP.
Answer:
Improved resource utilization, better customer satisfaction.

Question 21.
Explain any one cyber crime against individuals.
Answer:
Identity theft, harassment, violation of privacy, etc.

Questions from 22 to 41 carry 3 scores each. (20 × 3 = 60)

Question 22.
Write a C++ program to add two numbers.
Answer:

#include<iostream>
Using namespace std;
intmain()
{
int n1,n2,sum;
cout<<“Entertwo numbers:”;
cin>>n1>>n2;
sum=n1+n2;
cout<<“The sum of “<<n1<<“ and “<<n2<<“ is
“<<sum;
return 0;
}

Question 23.
What is the merit of using gets() function in C++ ? Which is the necessary header file to use it?
Answer:
gets() function is used to read a string with white spaces. The header file needed is cstdio.

Question 24.
Differentiate call by value and call by reference method of function calling.
Answer:
Methods of calling functions are two,

1. Call by value: In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will not affect the original value.
2. Call by reference: In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.

Question 25.
Compare static and dyngmic web pages.
Answer:

Static web pages	Dynamic web pages
Content and layout is fixed	Content and layout is changed frequently
Never use database	Data base is used
Run by browser	It runs on the server and result get back to the client(browser)
Easy to develop	Not at all easy

Question 26.
What are the differences between client side and server side scripts?
Answer:

Client Side Scripting	Server Side Scripting
Script is copied to client browser	to the web server
Executed by the client	Executed by the server and result is get back to the browser window
Used for Client level validation	Connect to the database in the server
It is possible to block by the user	Cannot possible
Client side scripts depends the type and version of the browser	It does not depend the type and version of the browser

Question 27.
Write the names of any three attributes of <BODY> tag.
Answer:
bgcolor, background, text, link, alink, vlink, left/right margin

Question 28.
What is a Script? Name any two server side scripting languages.
Answer:
Scripts are small programs embedded in html document. Eg.ASP,JSP, PHP

Question 29.
Which are the attributes of <OL> tag? Write their default values.
Answer:
Attributes of <OL> tags are type and start, its default value is 1.

Question 30.
Write any three attributes of <INPUT> tag.
Answer:
Attributes of input tag is name, type, value

Question 31.
What is a definition list? Which are the tags used to create definition list?
Answer:
It is used to create a list of terms and the corresponding definitions. The tags used are ,<DL>, <DT>and<DD>.

Question 32.
i) Predict the value of z in the following code :
var x, y;
x = “20”;
y = 30;
z = x + y;
ii) What are the two uses of *+’ operator in JavaScript?
Answer:
(i) here x is a string and y is an integer hence the values are concatenated. So the answer is 2030.
(ii) If one of the operands is a string then the operation is string concatenation otherwise arithmetic addition.

Question 33.
Write JavaScript functions to perform the following :
a) To check whether a value is number or not.
b) To return the upper case form of given string.
c) To return the character at a particular position.
Answer:
(a) isNaN().
(b) toUpperCase().
(c) charAt()

Question 34.
Write a short note on shared web hosting.
Answer:
Shared Hosting : This type of hosting sharing resources, like memory, disk space and CPU hence the name shared. Several websites share the same server. This is suitable for small websites that have less traffic and it is not suitable for large websites that have large bandwidth, large storage space and have large volume of traffic.
Eg: Shared hosting is very similar to living in an Apartment(Villas) complex. All residents are in the same location and must share the available resources(Car parking area, Swimming pool, Gymnasium, play ground, etc) with every one.

Question 35.
i) What is the use of FTP client software? (2)
ii) Write the name of any one FTP client software. (1)
Answer:
(i) It is used to transfer(upload) files from our computer to web server by using the ‘drag and drop’ method.
(ii) The popular FTP client soft wares are FileZilla, CuteFTP, SmartFTP, etc.

Question 36.
Describe any three advantages of using DBMS.
Answer:
Advantages of DBMS over conventional files Data Redundancy – It means duplication of data. DBMS eliminates redundancy. DBMS does not store more than one copy of the same data.

Inconsistency can be avoided – If redundancy Occurs there is a chance to inconsistency. If redundancy is removed then inconsistency cannot occur.

Efficient data access -: It stored huge amount of data efficiently and can be retrieved whenever a need arise. Data can be shared – The data stored in the database can be shared by the users or programs.

Standards can be enforced – The data in the database follows some standards. Eg: a field ‘Name’ should have 40 characters long. Some standards are ANSI, ISO, etc.

Security restrictions can be applied – The data is of great value so it must be kept secure and private. Data security means the protection of data against accidental or intentional disclosure or unauthorized destruction ormodifieation by unauthorized person. Integrity can be maintained – It ensures that the data is to be entered in the database is correct. Crash recovery – Some times all or a portion of the data is lost when a system crashes. A good DBMS helps to recover data after the system crashed.

Question 37.
Explain the different levels of data abstraction in DBMS.
Answer:
Levels of Database Abstraction –

1. Physical Level (Lowest Level) – It describes how the data is actually stored in the storage medium.
2. Logical Level (Next Higher Level) – It describes what data are stored in the database.
3. View Level (Highest level) – It is closest to the users. It is concerned with the way in which the individual users view the data.

Question 38.
Write the names of three components of SQL.
Answer:
Components of SQL are DDL, DML and DCL.

Question 39.
Write the use of any three DML commands in SQL.
Answer:
DML commands(SUDI-Any 3)

1. Select Used to select or display rows from a table. The keyword from is used with this. The Where clause is used to specify the condition.
2. Update Used to modify the records in a table, the keyword used is set.
3. Delete Used to delete records in a table.
4. Insert Used to insert new records into a table. The keyword used is into.

Question 40.
Write the names of any three functional units of ERP.
Answer:

• Financial Module: It is the core. This is used to generate financial report such as balance sheet, general ledger, trial balance, financial statement etc.
• Manufacturing Module: It provides information for the production and capable to change the methods in manufacturing sector.
• Production planning Module : This module ensures the effective use of resources and helps the enterprise to enhance the productive hence increase the profit.

Question 41.
What are the specialities of second generation networks in mobile communication?
Answer:
It allowed voice and data transmission. Picture message and MMS were introduced. GSM and CDMA standards were also introduced by 2G.

Questions from 42 to 44 carry 5 scores each. (3 × 5 = 15)

Question 42.
Given a C++ code :
if (n = = ‘L’)
cout<<“Turn left”;
else if (n = = ‘R’)
cout<<“Turn Right”;
else
cout <<Go Straight”;
What will be the output if
i) Value of n is’R’ (1)
ii) Value of n is’S’ (1)
iii) Rewrite the code using switch case. (3)
Answer:
(i) Turn Right
(ii) Go Straight
(iii) switch(n)

{
case ‘L’:cout<<“Turn Left”;
break;
case ‘R’:cout<<“Turn Right”;
break;
default :cout<<“Go Straight”;
}

Question 43.
Write HTML program to create the following webpage:

Name	Roll _No
ABC	1
PQR	3
XYZ	4

Answer:

<html>
<head>
<title>Table creation</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”cyan”>
<table border=”1">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Roll_No</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ABC</td>
<td>1 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PQR</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>XYZ</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Question 44.
i) What is relational algebra in DBMS ? (2)
ii) Briefly explain about any three relational algebra operations. (3)
Answer:
i) It consists of a set of operations that takes one or two relations as input and produces a new relation as a result.

ii) A) SELECT operation
SELECT operation is used to select tuples in a relation that satisfy a selection condition. Greek letter σ (sigma) is used to denote the operation. Syntax,
σ_condition(relati0n)
eg. σ_{salary < 10000} (EMPLOYEE)-selects tuple whose salary is less than 10000 from EMPLOYEE relation.

B) PROJECT operation
PROJECT operation selects certain columns from the table and discards the other columns. Greek letter π(pi) is used to denote PROJECT operation. Syntax, π_condition(relation)
eg. π_{name, salary} (EMPLOYEE) displays only the name and salary of all employees

C) UNION operation
This operation returns a relation consisting of all tuples appearing in either or both of the two specified relations. It is denoted by U. duplicate tuples are eliminated. Union operation can take place between compatible relations only, i.e., the number and type of attributes in both the relations should be the same and also their order. e.g. SCIENCE U COMMERCE gives all the tuples in both COMMERCE and SCIENCE.

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2022 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Paper March 2022

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60 Marks

PART – I

A. Answer any 5 questions from 1 to 9. Each carries 1 Score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
Write an example for entry controlled loop in C++.
Answer:
while, for(any one)

Question 2.
Accessing each elements of an array at least once is known as ……………………. .
Answer:
array traversal

Question 3.
Name the built in function used to find the square root of a number.
Answer:
sqrt()

Question 4.
Which tag is used to include scripts in HTML page?
Answer:
<SCRIPT>

Question 5.
Write an example of FTP client software.
Answer:
FileZilla, CuteFTP, SmartFTP (any one)

Question 6.
In RDBMS,.columns of a relation are called ………………………… .
(Entity, Tuple, Attribute)
Answer:
Attribute

Question 7.
Pick the DDL command.
(CREATE, SELECT, GRANT)
Answer:
CREATE

Question 8.
Write an example for ERP package.
Answer:
Oracle, Odoo, SAP, Microsoft Dynamics, Tally ERP (anyone)

Question 9.
Name any one mobile operating system.
Answer:
Android, ios, blackberry, windows (any one valid example)

B. Answer all questions from 10 to 13. Each carries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 10.
………………….. statement is used to skip the current iteration of a loop.
(Break, Continue, Go to)
Answer:
continue

Question 11.
The port number used for HTTP is ……………………..
(80, 110, 443)
Answer:
80

Question 12.
Name the tag used to divide the browser window.
Answer:
<frameset>

Question 13.
Pick the CARTESIAN PRODUCT operator.
(U, X, n)
Answer:
X

PART – II

A. Answer any 2 questions from 14 to 17. Each carries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 14.
List the input and output functions to handle strings containing white spaces.
Answer:
gets(), puts(), getline(), write()

Question 15.
Briefly explain free hosting.
Answer:
Free hosting provides web hosting services free of cost. It is useful for sharing content on the web without spending money.

Question 16.
List 4 DML commands in SQL.
Answer:
Select, Update, Delete and Insert

Question 17.
List out any four benefits of ERP system.
Answer:

1. Improved Resource utilization
2. Better customer satisfaction
3. Provide accurate information
4. Decision making capability
5. Increased flexibility

B. Answer any 2 questions from 18 to 20. Each carries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 18.
What are default arguments?
Answer:
It is possible to give values to formal arguments, this is e known as default arguments. When the user does not give any value the default argument will be taken. Eg int sum(int x=5, y=60)

Question 19.
What do you mean by responsive web designing?
Answer:
The website is designed dynamically(flexibly) that suits the screen size of different devices. It is introduced by Ethan Marcotte.

Question 20.
Name any four aggregate functions in SQL.
Answer:
sum(), avg(), min(), max()

PART – III

A. Answer any 3 questions from 21 to 24. Each carries 3 scores. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 21.
Explain any three data types in C++.
Answer:

1. int – whole numbers . Size : 4 bytes
2. float – floating point/ fractional numbers . Size: 4 bytes
3. double – big floating point numbers . Size : 8 bytes

Question 22.
List and explain any three attributes of <BODY> tag.
Answer:

1. bgcolor: used for setting background colour of page
2. background: used for setting background image of page
3. text: used for setting text(foreground) colour of page
4. Link : It specifies the colour of the hyperlinks that are not visited. The default colour is blue.
5. Alink : It specifies the colour of the active hyperlink. The default colour is green.
6. Vlink : It specifies the colour of the hyperlink which is already visited. The default colour is purple.
   (Any three points)

Question 23.
Explain any three Built-in Functions in JavaScript.
Answer:

1. alert(): used for displaying message box.
2. toUpperCase(): This function returns the upper case form of the specified text.
3. toLowerCase(): It returns the lower case form of the specified text.
4. isNaN() function: This function is used to check whether a value is a number or not. The function returns true if the given value is not a number.
5. charAt() function : It returns the character at a specified position.
   (Any three points)

Question 24.
Explain any three database users.
Answer:

1. Database Administrator (DBA): The person who is responsible for the control of the centralized and shared database is the Database Administrator (DBA).
2. Application Programmers: Application programmers are computer professionals who interact with the DBMS through application programs.
3. Sophisticated Users: Users include engineers, scientists, business analysts, and others who are thoroughly familiar with the facilities of the DBMS.

B. Answer any 2 Questions from 25 to 27. Carries 3 scores. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 25.
List and explain any three types of statements in C++.
Answer:

1. declaration statement : used for declaring variables, eg : int n;
2. assignment statement(=): used to store values in variables eg : n= 30;
3. input statement: used for inputting values from keyboard . eg : cin>> n;
4. output statement : used for displaying output on the monitor, eg : cout<<n;
   (Any three points)

Question 26.
What is an array? Initialize an array with three elements.
Answer:
Array is a collection of elements with same data type. It is possible to initialise an array at the time of declaration.
int n[3] = { 7, 3, 8 };

Question 27.
Write HTML code to display the following:
(a) H₂SO₄
(b) a² + b² + 2ab
Answer:
H₂SO₄
a² + b² + 2ab

(a) H₂SO₄
(b) a²b² + 2ab;

PART – IV

A. Answer any 3 questions from 28 to 31. Each carries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 28.
Explain any two looping statements in C++ with syntax.
Answer:
1. for loop – used for executing a block of statements repeatedly for a given number of times.
It is an entry controlled loop.

for loop
The syntax of for loop is
for(initiaIization; checking; update loop variable)
{
Body of loop;
} example:
for( i=1; i<=10; i++)
{ cout<<i;
}

2. do – while statement: used for executing block of statements repeatedly based on a condition.lt is an exit controlled loop.

Syntax:
initialise loop control variable do
{
Statements
}while(expression);
example:
i=1;
do
{cout<<i;
i++;
}while(i<=10)

Question 29.
Compare Call by value and call by reference methods used in C++ functions.
Answer:

Call by Value Method	Call by Reference Method
Ordinary variables are used as formal parameters.	Reference variables are used as formal parameters.
Actual parameters may be constants, variables or expressions.	Actual parameters will be variables only.
The changes made in the formal arguments do not reflect in actual arguments.	The changes made in the formal arguments do ‘ reflect in actual arguments.
Exclusive memory allocation is required for the formal arguments.	Memory of actual arguments is shared by formal arguments.

Question 30.
Write and explain any 4 text formatting tags in HTML.
Answer:

1. <B> and <STRONG> : To make the text bold face.
2. <I> and <EM> : To make the text italics or emphasis.
3. <U> : To underline the text
4. <S> and <STRIKE> : To strike through the text

Question 31.
Name any four category of operations in JavaScript, give one example for each.
Answer:

1. arithmetic operators. Eg: +, -,*, / and %
2. relational operators. Eg: <,<=,>,>=,!= and ==
3. logical operators. Eg && (logical AND), ||(logical or) and !(logical not)
4. assignment operator Eg : =

B. Answer any one question from 32 to 33. Each carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 32.
Write HTML code ot generate the following nested list in a web page.
• Kerala
1. Alappuzha
2. Moonnar
• Karnataka
1. Bangalore
2. Mysore
Answer:

<UL>
<LI> Kerala </LI>
<OL>
<LI> Alappuzha </LI>
<LI>Moonnar</LI>
</OL>
<LI> Kamataka</LI>
<OL>
<LI> Bangalore </LI>
<LI> Mysore </LI>
</OL>
</UL>

Question 33.
Explain ICT Applications in business.
Answer:
Drastic developments in ICT has changed the shopping habits of people. Earlier people shops traditionally. But nowadays people buy products and services through online. A study reveals that online shopping habits of people are increased. After sale service is also good, delivery of the products is prompt and safe. The status of the product can be tracked easily hence increase the confidence level of the online customers.

Social networks and big data analytics : Earlier before buying a product people may consult two or three shop keepers or local friends and take decisions. But nowadays before taking decisions people search shopping sites, social network groups(facebook, whatsapp, instagram,twitter, etc), web portals etc.for the best prices. Almost all online sites have product comparison menus. By this we can compare the price, features, etc. Earlier a product is created and customers are forced to buy. But today customer is the King of the market, so products are created for the choices of the customers.

So companies gathering information about the customers from various sources such as social medias like Internet forums, social blogs, Micro blogs, etc. The volume of such data is very large and considered as big data in business. With the help of a s/w analysis this big data and generate a report that contain all the information such as choices, taste, needs, status etc of a customer.

Business logistics : It is the management of the flow(transportation) of resources such as food, consumer goods, services, animals etc in a business between the point of origin(source) and the point of consumption (destination) in order to meet the needs of companies and customers. Business logistics consists of many more complexities. The effective use of hardware and software reduces the complexities faced in Business logistics. For this the hardware used is RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) tag and the reader. It is like the bar code. The RFID tag contains all the details of a product and it consists of a combination of transmitter and a receiver. The data stored in the RFID tag can be accessed by a special reader and to read the data no need of RFID tag and reader in a line of site instead both are within a range.

This tag is used in Vehicles as a prepaid tag and makes the payments easier in Toll booths. Similarly it is useful to take the Census of wild animals also.

PART – V

Answer any 2 questions from 34 to 36. Each carries 6 scores. (2 × 6 = 12)

Question 34.
Write the HTML code to display the following table in a web page.

Roll	Name
1	Arya
2	Arun

Answer:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>TABLE</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<TABLE BORDER=”1">
<TR align= center>
<TH> RollNo </TH>
<TH> Name </TH>
</TR>
<TR align= center>
<TD> 2 </TD>
<TD>Arya </TD>
</TR>
<TR align= center>
<TD> 2 </TD>
<TD> Arun </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BOD Y>
</HTML>

Question 35.
List and explain the Advantages of DBMS.
Answer:
Data Redundancy – It means duplication of data. DBMS eliminates redundancy. DBMS does not store more than one copy of the same data.

Inconsistency can be avoided – If redundancy occurs there is a chance to inconsistency. If redundancy is removed then inconsistency cannot occur.

Efficient data access It stored huge amount of data efficiently and can be retrieved whenever a need arise.

Data can be shared – The data stored in the database can be shared by the users or programs.
Standards can be enforced – The data in the database follows some standards. Eg: a field ‘Name’ should have 40 characters long. Some standards are ANSI, ISO, etc.

Security restrictions can be applied – The data is of great value so it must be kept secure and private. Data security means the protection of data against accidental or intentional disclosure or unauthorized destruction or modification by unauthorized person. Integrity can be maintained – It ensures that the data is to be entered in the database is correct. Crash recovery- Some times all or a portion of the > data is lost when a system crashes . A good DBMS helps to recover data after the system crashed.

Question 36.
a) Write SQL query to create a table with following details: (3)

Attributes	Type	Description
AccNo	Numeric	Primary key
Name	String	30 char
Gender	Char	Default ‘M’
Amount	Numeric	NOT NULL

b) Write SQL query to display All the details from the table. (1)
c) Write SQL query to display All Male customers in the table with amount > 5000. (2)
Answer:
a. CREATE TABLE bank (
(AccNo int Primary Key,
Name Varchar(30),
Gender Char(1) Default‘M’,
Amount dec(8,2) NOT NULL);

b. select * from bank;

c. select * from bank WHERE Gender = ‘ M ‘ and Amount > 5000;

 

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2023 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Economics Board Model Paper 2023 with Answers

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Total Scores : 80 scores

Answer any 8 questions from 1 to 10. Each carries 1 score:

Question 1.
The goods and services which are purchased and used by its ultimate consumers are known as:
(a) Intermediate goods
(b) Consumer goods
(c) Raw materials
(d) Investment goods
Answer:
(b) Consumer goods

Question 2.
“A firm cannot vary all its puts in their production process”. If so which of the following is associated with the above statement?
(a) Increasing Returns to scale
(b) Constant Returns to scale
(c) Short-run Production function
(d) Long-run Production function
Answer:
(c) Short-run Production function

Question 3.
The inputs used in the production process is known as:
(a) Production Function
(b) Factors of Production
(c) Cost Function
(d) Total Product
Answer:
(b) Factors of Production

Question 4.
The demand curve of a firm under perfect competition is:
(a) Perfectly elastic
(b) Download slopping curve
(c) Upward sloping curve passing through the origin
(d) Perfectly inelastic
Answer:
(a) Perfectly elastic

Question 5.
Which of the following is associated with the problem of ‘Choice’?
(a) Abundance of resources
(b) Efficiency in technology
(c) Increase in productivity
(d) Scarcity of resou rces
Answer:
(d) Scarcity of resou rces

Question 6.
In the equation, P₁ x₁ + P₂ x₂ = M slope of the budgent line is :
(a) -P₁/P₂
(b) P₁ x₁
(c) M/P₂
(d) M/P₁
Answer:
(a) -P₁/P₂

Question 7.
The apex monetary institution in India is :
(a) State Bank of India
(b) NABARD
(c) Reserve Bank of India
(d) Government
Answer:
(c) Reserve Bank of India

Question 8.
Annual functional statement of the government is known as:
(a) Budget
(b) Financial report
(c) Revenue Report
(d) Capital account report
Answer:
(a) Budget

Question 9.
Which of the following shows consumption function?
(a) Relation between Concumption and Savings
(b) Relation between Consumption and Income
(c) Relation between Consumption and Investment
(d) Relation betweerj Savings and Income
Answer:
(b) Relation between Consumption and Income

Question 10.
The market in which national currencies are traded for one another?
(a) Share Market
(b) Good Market
(c) Factor Market
(d) Foreign Exchange Market
Answer:
(d) Foreign Exchange Market

Answer any 4 questions from 11 to 15. Each carries 2 scroes.

Question 11.
List any two sources of capital receipts of government budget.
Answer:
Borrowings and recovery of loans and advances

Question 12.
Write any two methods of cashless transaction (other than currency notes and coins) in an economy.
Answer:
Online transfers like NEFT or RTGs, transactions through UPI apps.

Question 13.
Write the economic terms for the following :
(a) The Price at which market demand is equal to market supply.
(b) The situation in which if at a price, market supply is greater than market demand.
Answer:
(a) Equilibrium price
(b) Excess supply

Question 14.
List any two features of Total Revenue Curve of a firm under perfect competition.
Answer:
a) TR is zero when output equals zero.
(b) As output increases TR also increases, TR is upward sloping curve.

Question 15.
Find out the vertifcal intercept and horizontal intercept from the given budget line equation :
5x₁ + 2x₂ = 20
Answer:
Horizontal Intercept
\(5 x_1=20 \quad x_1=\frac{M}{P_1}=x_1=\frac{20}{5}=4\)
Vertica Intercept
2x₂ = 20
x₂ = \(\frac{M}{P_2}=\frac{20}{2}\) = 10

Answer any 4 questions from 16 to 20. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 16.
List any three properties of indifference curve.
Answer:
(1) Indifference curves slope downward from left to right.
(2) Indifference curves are convex to origin.
(3) Indifference curves do not intercept each other.

Question 17.
Explain the three laws of Returns of Scale.
Answer:
Return to scale refers to long run production function. According to the changes made in inputs, output level changes in three different ways as follows;
(1) Increasing Retruns to Scale (IRS)
(2) Constant Returns to Scale (CRS)
(3) Diminishing Returns to Scale (DRS)

Question 18.
Explain how do the following situations affect the supply curve of a firm by using diagram :
(a) Price of inputs used in the production increases.
(b) Technology using is advanced.
Answer:
(a) When the price of input increases

From the above diagram it is clear that when there is an increase in input price, the supply curve of the firm shifts towards left, indicating decrease in supply, (ie., change from Sto S₁)

(b)

Supply curve of the firm shifts towards right when there is an advancement in technology. The change is represented in diagram, S is original supply curve, ie. supply curve before technology upgradation, S., is new supply curve due to updation of technology. Bank deposits, population of a country, capital, are stock variables.

Question 19.
Classify the following variables into Stock and Flow: Bank Deposit, Population of a country, Capital, Investment, Birthrate, National Income
Answer:
National Income, Birth rate, Investment are flow variables.

Question 20.
Write the three ways in which an open economy can establish economic linkages with other countries.
Answer:
(1) Product Market linkage
(2) Financial market linkage
(3) Factor Market linkage

Answer any 4 questions from 21 to 25. Each carries 4 score. (4 × 4 = 16)

Question 21.
Explain the flexible exchange rate system using a diagram.
Answer:
Under flexjble exchange rate system exchange rate is determined according to changes in demand and supply of foreign exchange.

The above given diagram explains how exchange rate is determined under flexible exchange rate system. D is initial demand curve where ‘e’ is exchange rate when demand increased from D to Di as a result exchange rate changed from ‘e’ to e-i.

Question 22.
Prepare a short note on the emergence of macro-economics.
Answer:
Macro economics has emerged as a new branch of economics after global economic crisis of 1928. It was the work done by J.M. Keynes acted as a catalyst for the growth of Macro economics. J.M. Keynes criticised classical economists for their unrealistic assumptions related to working of economic factors. The views of classical economists were wrong and misleading and they failed to solve economic crisis. During this time Keynes published his famous book “General Theory of Employment Interest and Money” in 1936, which acted as a guide to solve-the global economic crisis. Later the. views of Keynes popularly known as Macro economics.

Question 23.
Graphically illustrate the circular flow of income in a two sector economy.
Answer:

• Here households provide factors of production to the firms for this firms provide factor payment.
• Firms provide goods and services required to the household and households give payment as price.

Question 24.
(a) Distinguish between Micro-economics and Macro-economics.
(b) Classify the following into micro-economics variable and macro-economic variable. Resources of an economy, output of a firm, unemployment rate, individual investment.
Answer:
The study of individual units of the economy is known as Micro economics
(a) The study of economy as a whole is known as Macro economics.
(b) Micro economics variable individual investment.
(c) Macro economic variable : Resources of an economy, unemployment rate.

Question 25.
Analyse Price Ceiling with the help of diagram.
Answer:
Government Intervention in market against increasing price levels of essential commodities by fixing a lower price than equilibrium price is known as price ceiling.

‘E’ is the equilibrium in the above given diagram where ‘ep’ is equilibrium price. When government felt ‘ep’ is very high and unaffordable for the poor, fixed a new price ‘Cp’ which is ceiling price and lower than ‘ep’. Through this government protects common people from the adversities of price increase.

Answer any 4 questions from 26 to 30. Each carries 5 scores. (4 x 5 = 20)

Question 26.
Analyse the optimal choice of the consumer by drawing Indifference curve and Budget line.
Answer:
Optimal choice of consumer or consumer equilibrium can be defined as the position of maximum satisfaction attained by a consumer. According to indifference curve approach a consumer attains equilibrium at the point where budget line is tangent to indifference curve. It can be expressed with the help of a diagram.

The above given-diagram shows consumer equilibrium. HereAB is budget line of consumer and IC₁, IC₂ and Ic₃ are different indifference curves. Point ‘E’ is the region where highest possible indifference curve (Ic₂) tangents with budget line so that particular point (E) is called consumer equilibrium.

Question 27.
(a) At a price Rs. 6 the consumer demands 30 units of a good. Suppose the price of the good increases to Rs.8 and as a result, the demand for the good falls to 24 units. Calculate Price elasticity of demand.
(b) Some points are marked in the following linear demand cunie. Mark the correct value of price
elasticity of demand corresponding to each point.
Answer:
Degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded of a commodity towards changes in price of that commodity is knowp as price elasticity of demand
Price elasticity of demand = \(\frac{\Delta Q}{\Delta P} \times \frac{P}{Q}\)

where ∆Q Change in quantity demanded
∆P Change in price
Q Original quantity demanded (previous demand)
P Original price (previous price)
P = 6, Q = 30
New price = 8
New quantity demanded = 24
∆P = 8 – 6 = 2
∆Q = 30 – 24 = 6
∴ \(\frac{\Delta Q}{\Delta P} \times \frac{P}{Q}=\frac{6}{2} \times \frac{6}{30}\)
= \(\frac{36}{60}\) = 0.6

(b) 1. Elasticity at A = ∞
2. Elasticity at B = 1
3. Elasticity at C = less than I
4. Elasticity at D = O (Zero)

Question 28.
Explain the profit maximising level of output of a firm under perfect competition in the short-run (Hint: 3 conditions), using diagram.
Answer:
Perfect competition is a market situation where large number of buyers and sellers dealing with
homogenous product.

Features of perfect competition

1. Large number of buyers and sellers.
2.  Homogenous product
3. Perfect information
4. Uniform price
5.  Freedom of entry and exit

Profit maximisation condition of a firm in short run under perfect competition.
Three Conditions
1. P = Me
2. MC should cut MR from below
3. Price should be greater than or equal to AVC Here the above mentioned three conditions follows ie. (1) P = MC
(2) MC cuts MR from below
(3) P > AVC

Question 29.
(a) Write the components of aggregate demand in a two sector economy.
(b) Explain the effect of multiplier mechanism on equilibrium income withe the help of a diagram.
Answer:
A two sector economy consists of households sector and Industries.
(a) Aggregate demand is the total demand of an economy, it is denoted as AD. It has two components they are consumption demand (c) and Investment demand (I)
so AD = C +1
(b) Income multiplier is also known as output multiplier or autonomous expenditure multiplier. It is the ratio of change in income to change in investment.

From the diagram it is clear that when a small increase in investment. ie.,(AI) brings a large increase in Income from Y₁ to Y₂.

Question 30.
(a) Write any two features of Public Goods.
Answer:
(a) Features of public goods

1. Non rival in nature
2. Non exclusion

(b) Objectives of government budget

1. Reduction of inequality
2. To attain economic growth
3. To attain economic development
4. Generation of more employment opportunities.

Answer any 2 questions from 31 to 33. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 31.
(a) List any four functions of Central Bank.
(b) Analyse the functioning of any two quantitative credit control instruments of Central Bank.
Answer:
Functions of central bank
(a) 1. Issue of currency
2. Bankers bank
3. Banker to the government
4. Controller of credit /money supply

(b) Central bank controlls the supply of money through two different methods they are
1. quantitative credit controll measures
2. qualitative credit controll measures

Two quantitative credit controll measures are:
1, Bank rate
2. Reserve ratios

Question 32.
(a) A Garment making unit produces 200 shirts and sells it at a price of Rs. 500 each. Raw materials worth Rs. 20,000 is used and depreciation charges is Rs. 5,000 during the production period. Calculate value added and net value added of the unit.
(b) Explain any two methods of calculating GDP of an economy.
Answer:
Total revenue of the unit =

Cost of raw material = 20000
Value added = I ,00,000 – 20,000 = 80000
Net value added =
Value added – depreciation charges
= 80,000 – 5000
= 75,000

(b) GDP of an economy can be. calculated through three different ways, they are
1. Product method
2. Income method
3. Expenditure method

1. Product method: Here GDP is calculated by adding value of all final goods and services produced in a nation during a financial year. Value of output = Market price x Output This method is otherwise known as value added method.
2. Income method: Here GDP is calculated by adding together all the factor incomes received by the owners of factors of production in the form of rent, wage, interest and profit. ie. W +R + I +P
3. ExpendIture method:.
   As per expenditure method GDP is calculated by adding all expenditures made within the country during the accounting year, that means it in cludes both public expenditure and private ex poenditure.

Question 33.
(a) Given below is the cost schedule of a firm. Total Fixed Cost is Rs.100. Calculate TVC, AVC, AFC, AC and MC and complete the chart:
Answer:
(a)

Output	TC	TFC	TVC	AVC	AFC	AC	MC
0	100	100	0	–	–	–	–
1	120	100	20	20	100	120	20
2	140	100	40	20	50	70	20
3	150	100	50	16.66	33.33	50	10
4	155	100	55	13.75	25	38.75	5
5	170	100	70	14	20	34	15
6	200	100	100	16.66	16.66	33.33	30

TVC = TC – TFC
AVC = \(\frac{\mathrm{TVC}}{\mathrm{Q}}\)
AFC = \(\frac{\mathrm{TFC}}{\mathrm{Q}}\)
AC = \(\frac{\mathrm{TC}}{\mathrm{Q}}\)
MC = \(\frac{\Delta \mathrm{TC}}{\Delta \mathrm{Q}}\)

(b) Draw Average Fixed Cost (AFC) curve and comment on its shape.
Answer:
(b) Average fixed cost curve

TFC is constant at all levels of output. So when output increases AFC will decrease continously. The shape of AFC is rectangular hyperbola.

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2023 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Paper March 2023

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60 Marks

Answer any 5 questions 1 to 6. Each carries 1 score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
_________ operator is the arithmetic assignment operator.
Answer:
+=,-=,*=,/= and %=

Question 2.
Name the Mathematical function which returns the absolute value of an integer number in C++.
Answer:
abs()

Question 3.
_________ tag in HTML used to create a drop-down list.
Answer:
<select>

Question 4.
_________ is a JavaScript function used to include a text in the body section of a webpage.
Answer:
document. write();

Question 5.
DNS stands for _________
Answer:
Domain Name System

Question 6.
Expand MIS +
Answer:
Management Information System

Answer any 9 questions 7 to 18. Each carries 2 score. (9 × 2 = 18)

Question 7.
Identify the following C++ tokens.
(a) “Morning”
(b) float
(c) >
(d) student
Answer:
a) “Morning” – string literal
b) float – Keyword
c) > – Operator
d) student – Identifier

Question 8.
List the type modifiers of C++
Answer:
short, long .signed and unsigned.

Question 9.
(i) Define Array (1)
(ii) Initialize an integer array with 4 elements. (1)
Answer:
i) Array is a collection of elements of same data type.With the same name we can store many elements.
ii) int arr[]={1, 2, 3, 4};

Question 10.
Explain any two built-in functions in C++ that are used for string manipulation with its syntax.
Answer:
strlen()- It returns the number of characters in the given string.
eg. strlen(“Hello”); – Returns 5.
strcpy(str1 ,str2) – It copies the content of str2 to str1.
eg. strcpy(str1,’’Hello”); – Now the content of str1 is
“Hello”;

Question 11.
Differentiate actual arguments and formal arguments in C++
Answer:
The variables that are used in the function definition as arguments are known as formal arguments. The constants, variables or expressions used in the function call are known as actual arguments.

Question 12.
What are the attributes of <HTML> tag and explain its use.
Answer:
dir – It specifies the direction of the text.(values Left to right is Itr or Right to left is rtl)
lang- Specifies the language(Eg. ml, ar, en.etc)

Question 13.
What is the use of frame tag in HTML? What is its limitaion?
Answer:
Frame tag is used to specify the name of HTML page which is to be loaded in the frame created by using frameset tag.

Question 14.
(i) Explain any two attributes of <TABLE> tag.(1)
(ii) Name any two tags associated with <TABLE> tag and its use. (1)
Answer:
i) <Table>Attributes

1. Border- It specifies the thickness of the border lines.
2. Bordercolor – Color for border lines.
3. Align – Specifies the table alignment in the window.
4. Bgcolor – Specifies background colour.
5. Cellspacing – Specifies space between table cells.
6. Cellpadding – Specifies space between cell border and content.
7. Cols – Specifies number of columns in the table.
8. Width – Specifies the table width.
9. Frame – Specifies the border lines around the table.

ii) <tr>, <th> and <td>

Question 15.
What is the difference between is NaN() and Number () function in Java Script?
Answer:
isNaN(): It is used to check whether the specified argument is a number or not.
Number(): It converts the given data to number.

Question 16.
Define primary key and alternate key.
Answer:
A primary key is a one or more attributes (columns) that uniquely identifies the tuples(rows) in a relation(table). A candidate key that is not a primary key is called alternate key.

Question 17.
Differentiate between the datatypes’ CHAR and VARCHAR in SQL.
Answer:
char – It is used to store a fixed number of characters.
Eg.-namechar(20)
varchar(variable length)- It is also used to store . characters but it takes only the required memory.

Question 18.
Explain the following terms:
(a) Cyber forensics
(b) Infomania
Answer:
a) Cyber Forensics : Critical evidence of a particular crime is available in electronic format with the help of computer forensics. It helps to identify the criminal with help of blood, skin or hair samples collected from the crime site. DNA, polygraph, finger prints are another effective tool to identify the accused person is the criminal or not.

b) Info mania: Right information at the right time is considered as the key to success. The information must be gathered, stored, managed and processed well. Info mania is the excessive desire(lnfatuation)for acquiring knowledge from various modern sources like Internet, Email, Social media, Instant Message Application (WhatsApp) and Smart Phones. Due to this the person may neglect daily routine such as family, friends, food, sleep etc. hence they get tired. They give first preference to Internet than others. They create their own Cyber World and no interaction to the surroundings and the family.

Answer any 9 questions 19 to 29. Each carries 3 score. (9 × 3 = 27)

Question 19.
(i) Define Traversal operation in an array. (1)
(ii) How is each element in an array is accessed ? Explain with code segment. (2)
Answer:
i) Accessing all elements in an array at least once is called traversal operation.

ii) By using its index or subscript.
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cout<<arr[i];

Question 20.
(a) Define Modular Programming (1)
(b) Explain the merits of Modular Programming. (2)
Answer:
a) The process of converting big and complex programs into smaller programs is known as modularisation. This small programs are called modules or sub programs or functions. C++ supports modularity in programming called – functions.

b)

• It reduces the size of the program
• Less chance of error occurrence
• Reduces programming complexity
• Improves reusability

Question 21.
Compare static webpage and dynamic webpage.
Answer:
Some pages are displaying same content (same text, images,etc) every time. Its content are not changing. This type of web pages are called static page.Conventional wep pages display static pages and has some limitations.

Advanced tools are used to create web pages dynamic, that means pages are more attractive and interactive. For this JavaScript, VBScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, etc are used
Following are the differences

Static web pages	Dynamic web pages
Content and layout is fixed	Content and layout is changed frequently
Never use database	Data base is used
Run by browser	It runs on the server and result get back to the client(browser)
Easy to develop	Not at all easy

Question 22.
What are the different types of lists in HTML?
Answer:
3 types of Lists in HTML.
1) Unordered List (<UL>) – Items are displayed with square, circle or disc in front.

2) Ordered List (<OL>) – Items are displayed with the following type values.
Type = 1 for 1, 2, 3, …………….
Type = i for i, ii, iii, …………….
Type = I for I, II, III, …………….
Type = a for a, b, c, …………….
Type = A for A, B, C …………….

3) Definition List (<DL>) – It is formed by definitions.

• <LI> – It is used to specify List items.
• <DT>- It is used to specify Definition Term.
• <DD> – Used to specify the description

Question 23.
Write any three built-in-functions in JavaScript and explain its use.
Answer:
BUILT IN FUNCTIONS (methods)
1) alert() : This is used to display a message (dialogue box) on the screen.
eg: alert(“Welcome to JS”);

2) isNaN(): To check whether the given value is a number or not. It returns a Boolean value. If the value is not a number(NaN) then this function returns a true value otherwise it returns a false value.
Eg.
1. isNaN(“BVM”); returns true

2. isNaN(8172); returns false

3. isNaN(“680121”); returns false

4. alert(isNaN(8172); displays a message box as false

3. toUpperCase(): This is used to convert the text to upper case.
Eg.varx-”bvm”;
alert(x.toUpperCase());

4. toLowerCase()-: This is used to convert the text to lower case.
Eg: var x=”BVM”;
alert(x.toLowerCase());

5. charAt(): It returns the character at a particular position.
Syntax: variable.charAt(index);
The index of first character is 0 and the second is 1 and so on.
Eg:varx=”HIGHER SECONDARY”; alert(x.charAt(4));

Eg 2.
var x=”HIGHER SECONDARY”;
alert(“The characters @ first position is “+ x.charAt(O));

6. length property : It returns the number of characters in a string.
Syntax : variable.length;
Eg.
var x=”HIGHER SECONDARY”;
alert(“The number of characters is “+ x.length); Output is as follows(note that space is a character)
(Write any 3)

Question 24.
Briefly explain different types of web hosting.
Answer:
Types of web hosting
Various types of web hosting services are available. We can choose the web hosting services according to our needs depends upon the storage space needed for hosting, the number of visitors expected to visit, etc.

1. Shared Hosting
2. Dedicated Hosting
3. Virtual Private Server (VPS)

Question 25.
(i) Define the term Data independence. (1)
(ii) Explain different levels of Data independence. (2)
Answer:
Data Independence – It is the ability to modify the scheme definition in one level without affecting the scheme definition at the next higher level.
a) Physical Data Independence – It is the ability to modify the physical scheme without causing application programs to be rewritten.

b) Logical Data Independence – It is the ability to modify the logical scheme without causing application programs to be rewritten.

Question 26.
Explain the differentAlter commands and its various use to modify the structure of a table in SQL.
Answer:
Following are the clauses used with Alter command

1. add – Used to add a new column to an existing table
2. modify – used to modify the existing columns in an existing table
3. drop – remove an existing column in a table
4. rename – to rename an existing table.

Question 27.
(i) Define constraint. (1)
(ii) Explain any two column constraints. (2)
Answer:
i) It ensures the correct data is to be entered in the database.

ii) a) NOT NULL: it specifies that a column can
never have null values, i.e., not empty
b) UNIQUE: it ensures that no two rows have same value in the specified column.
c) PRIMARY KEY: it declares a column or a set of columns as the primary key of the table. This constraint makes a column NOT NULL and UNIQUE.
d) DEFAULT: it sets a default value for a column when the user does not enter a value for that column.
e) Auto_increment: This constraint is used to perform autojncrement the values in a column. That is automatically generate serial numbers. Only one autojncrement column per table is allowed.

Question 28.
Explain any three benefits of ERP system.
Answer:
Benefits of ERP system

1. Improved resource utilization : Resources such as Men, Money, Material and Machine are utilized maximum hence increase the productivity and profit.
2. Better customer satisfaction : Without spending more money and time all the customer’s needs are considered well. Because customer is the king of the market. Nowadays a customer can track the status of an order by using the docket number through Internet.
3. Provides accurate information: Right information at the right time will help the company to plan and manage the future cunningly. A company can increase or reduce the production based upon the right information hence increase the productivity and profit.
4. Decision making capability: Right information at the right time will help the company to take good decision.
5. Increased flexibility: A good ERP will help the company to adopt good things as well as avoid bad things rapidly. It denotes the flexibility.
6. Information integrity: A good ERP integrates various departments into a single unit. Hence reduce the redundancy, inconsistency, etc.

Question 29.
Define the following terms:
(i) copyright
(ii) patent (1)
(iii) infringement (1)
Answer:
i) Copyright: The tradd mark is ©, copy right is the property right that arises automatically when a person creates a new work by his own and by Law it prevents the others from the unauthorized or intentional copying of this without the permission of the creator for 60 years after the death of the author.

ii) Patents: A person or organization invented a product or a creation can be protected from unauthorized copying or creation without the permission of the creator by law. This right is called Patent. In India the validity of the right is up to 20 years. After this anybody can use freely.

iii) Infringement (Violation): Unauthorized copying or use of Intellectual property rights such as Patents, Copy rights and Trademarks are called intellectual property Infringement(violation). It is a punishable offence.

* Patent Infringement: It prevents others from the unauthorized or intentional copying or loop once even if the condition is false then check the condition, do use of Patent without the permission of the creator.
Piracy: It is the unauthorized copying, distribution and use of a creation without the permission of the creator. It is against the copy right act and hence the person committed deserve the punishment.

* Trademark Infringement: It prevents others from the unauthorized or intentional copying or use of Trademark without the permission of the creator.

* Copy right Infringement: It prevents others from the unauthorized or intentional copying or use of Copy right without the permission of the creator.

Answer any 2 questions 30 to 32. Each carries 5 score. (2 × 5 = 10)

Question 30.
(a) What is looping statements in C++? (1)
(b) Explain different looping statements. (2)
(c) What are the main components of a looping statement? (2)
Answer:
a) Repeat the execution of a specified block of code till specific condition is satisfied or not.

b) Iteration statements : If we have to execute a block of statements more than once then iteration statements are used,

* while statement
It is an entry controlled loop. An entry controlled loop first checks the condition and execute(or enters in to) the body of loop only if it is true. The syntax is given below
Loop variable initialised
while(expression)
{
Body of the loop;
Update loop variable;
}
Here the loop variable must be initialised before the while loop. Then the expression is evaluated if it is true then only the body of the loop will be executed and the loop variable must be updated inside the body. The body of the loop will be executed until the expression becomes false.

for statement
The syntax of for loop is
for(initialization; checking; update loop variable)
{
Body of loop;
}
First part, initialization is executed once, then checking is carried out if it is true the body of the for loop is executed. Then loop variable is updated and again checking is carried out this process continues until the checking becomes false. It is an entry controlled loop.

* do – while statement: It is an exit controlled loop. Exit control loop first execute the body of the
loop once even if the condition is faLse then check the condition.
do
{
Statements
}while(expression);
Here the body executes at least once even if the condition is false. After executing the body it checks the expression if it false it quits the body otherwise the process will be continue.

c) Initialisation, Test expression, Update expression and body of loop.

Question 31.
(i) Differentiate Client side Scripting and Server side scripting. (2)
(ii) Explain two Scripting languages in each Scripting languages of client side and server side Scripting languages. (3)
Answer:
i) Two types of scripts

1. Client scripts – These are scripts executed by the browser.
   Eg: VB Script, Javascript etc.
2. Server scripts – These are scripts executed by the server.
   Eg: ASP, JSP, PHP, Perl, etc.
   * The languages that are used to write scripts are known as scripting languages.

ii) Scripting Languages
a. JavaScript: Java script(developed by Brendan Eich for the Netscape browser) is a platform independent scripting language. Means It does not require a particular browser. That is it runs on any browser hence it is mostly accepted scripting language.

Ajax : It is a technology to take data from the server and filled in the text boxes without refreshing (without reloading the entire page) the web page. Ajax is Asynchronous JavaScript and Extensible Mark up Language (XML). XML is an Extensible Mark up Language, it allows to create our own new tags. This technology uses JavaScript to perform this function. When we turned off JavaScript features in the browser, the Ajax application will not work.

b. VB Script: VB Script(developed by Microsoft) is a platform dependent scripting language. Means it requires a particular browser(MS Internet Explorer) to work that is why it is not widely accepted scripting language.

Question 32.
(i) Define DBMS. (1)
(ii) Explain any four advantages of DBMS over conventional file system (4)
Answer:
DBMS means Data Base Management System. It is a tool used to store large volume of data, retrieve and modify the data as and when required. DBMS consists of data and programs.

Advantages of DBMS

1. Data Redundancy
2. Inconsistency can be avoided
3. Data can be shared
4. Standards can be enforced
5. Security restrictions can be applied
6. Integrity can be maintained
7. Efficient data access
8. Crash recovery

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2021 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Paper March 2021

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60

Instructions:

• Answer the following questions from 1 to 37 up to a maximum Score of 60.
• From the following questions, answer for 40 scores from Part-A and 20 Scores from Part-B.

Part – A
Accounting

I. Questions from 1 to 4 carry 1 score each. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
The excess of income over expenditure in a not-for-profit organisation is called __________________
(a) Surplus
(b) Deficit
(c) Capital
(d) Revenue
Answer:
(a) Surplus

Question 2.
The written agreement of partnership is called __________________
(a) Articles of Association
(b) Memorandum of Association
(c) Partnership Deed
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Partnership Deed

Question 3.
Reconstitution of a partnership happens at the time of __________________
(a) Admission of a partner
(b) Retirement of a partner
(c) Death of a partner
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 4.
The ratio in which the continuing partners share the profit of outgoing partner is called __________________
(a) Old Ratio
(b) Gaining Ratio
(c) Sacrificing Ratio
(d) New Ratio
Answer:
(b) Gaining Ratio

II. Questions from 5 to 7 carry 2 scores each. (3 × 2 = 6)

Question 5.
Write any 2 characteristics of not-for-profit organisations.
Answer:

• Their main objective is to render services to members and the public.
• They are not expected to earn profit.

Question 6.
How will you treat the following items in partnership accounts in the absence of a partnership deed?
(a) Profit Sharing Ratio
(b) Interest on Drawings
Answer:
(a) Profit sharing ratio – Equal
(b) Interest on drawings – No interest is charged on drawings.

Question 7.
Write down the journal entries for the following at the time of dissolution of a partnership firm.
(a) For sale of assets
(b) For payment of realisation expenses
Answer:
(a) For sale of assets
Cash/Bank A/c Dr.
To Realisation A/c

(b) For payment of realisation expenses
Realisation A/c Dr.
To Cash/Bank A/c

III. Questions from 8 to 10 carry 3 scores each. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 8.
List out the 3 differences between Income & Expenditure Account and Receipts & Payments Account.
Answer:

Receipts and Payment A/c	Income and Expenditure A/c
1. It is a real account.	1. It is a nominal account.
2. It is a summary of cash book.	2. It is like a Profit and Loss A/c.
3. It starts with an opening balance of cash/bank.	3. It does not start with cash/bank balance.
4. Its debit side shows receipts and credit side shows payments.	4. Debit side shows expenses and credit side shows incomes and gains.

Question 9.
What do you mean by goodwill? List out any 2 factors affecting goodwill.
Answer:
Goodwill is the value of the reputation of a firm in respect of the profits in future over and above the normal profits.
Factors affecting goodwill:

• Nature of business
• Efficiency of management
• Location of business
• Requirement of capital

Question 10.
List out any 6 accounting treatments involved on the retirement or death of a partner.
Answer:
Accounting Treatment on the retirement/death of a partner

• Calculation of new profit sharing ratio.
• Treatment of goodwill.
• Treatment of accumulated profits and losses.
• Revaluation of assets and liabilities.
• Calculation of profit or loss upto the date of retirement/death.
• Ascertainment of the total amount due to the retiring/deceased partner.
• Payment of the amount due to the retiring/deceased partner.

IV. Questions from 11 to 15 carry 4 scores each. (5 × 4 = 20)

Question 11.
Write any 4 differences between fixed capital and fluctuating capital methods.
Answer:

Fixed Capital Method	Fluctuating Capital Method
1. Under this method, two accounts, namely capital account and current account, are prepared for each partner.	1. Each partner has one account, i.e. Capital account.
2. All adjustments are made in the current account and not in the capital accounts.	2. All adjustments for drawings, salary, interest on capital, etc. are made in the capital accounts.
3. The capital account balance remains unchanged unless there is an addition to or withdrawal of capital.	3. The balance of the capital account fluctuates from year to year.
4. The capital account always shows a credit balance.	4. The capital account may sometimes show a debit balance.

Question 12.
Amala and Nandana are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio 3 : 2. They decided to admit Hajara as a new partner for a 1/5th share in profits, which she acquired equally from Amala and Nandana. Calculate the new ratio after admission.
Answer:
Old Ratio = 3 : 2
Hajara’s share = \(\frac{1}{5}\) (\(\frac{1}{10}\) from Amala and \(\frac{1}{10}\) from Nandana)
Amala’s New share = \(\frac{3}{5}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{6-1}{10}=\frac{5}{10}\)
Nandana’s New share = \(\frac{2}{5}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{4-1}{10}=\frac{3}{10}\)
Hajara’s share = \(\frac{1}{5}\) i.e. \(\frac{2}{10}\)
New ratio = 5 : 3 : 2

Question 13.
Abhinav and Adarsh are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3. Ananya is admitted in the firm for 1/5th share of profits. She has to bring in Rs. 20,000 as capital and Rs. 4,000 as her share of goodwill. Give the necessary journal entries if the amount of goodwill is retained in the business.
Answer:
Old Ratio = 5 : 3
Ananya’s share = \(\frac{1}{5}\)
Sacrificing ratio = 5 : 3
Ananya’s share of goodwill = 4000

Question 14.
Ameena, Fidha and Gayathri are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2. Fidha retires from the firm and her share was acquired by Ameena and Gayathri in the ratio of 2 : 1. Calculate the new ratio.
Answer:
Old Ratio = 5 : 3 : 2
Retiring partner’s (Fidha) share of profit = \(\frac{3}{10}\)
Fidha’s share taken over by Ameena = \(\frac{3}{10} \times \frac{2}{3}=\frac{6}{30}\)
Fidha’s share taken over by Gayathri = \(\frac{3}{10} \times \frac{1}{3}=\frac{3}{30}\)
Ameena’s New share = \(\frac{5}{10}+\frac{6}{30}=\frac{15+6}{30}=\frac{21}{30}\)
Gayathri’s New share = \(\frac{2}{10}+\frac{3}{30}=\frac{6+3}{30}=\frac{9}{30}\)
New ratio = 21 : 9 or 7 : 3

Question 15.
Adithyan and Theertha are partners of Aswani Traders in the ratio of 2 : 3. Their Balance Sheet as on 31.12.2019 stood as follows:
Balance Sheet as on 31.12.2019

Prepare the realisation account on the assumption that the firm is dissolved on the above date by considering the following:
(i) Land & Buildings realised Rs. 60,000.
(ii) Furniture sold for Rs. 20,000.
(iii) Stock taken over by Adithyan Rs. 15,000.
Answer:
Realisation A/c

V. Questions from 16 to 20 carry 5 scores each. (5 × 5 = 5)

Question 16.
As per Receipts and Payment Account for the year ended on March 31, 2019, the subscriptions received were Rs. 50,000. Additional information given is as follows:
(i) Subscriptions outstanding on 1.4.2018 Rs. 5000
(ii) Subscriptions outstanding on 31.3.2019 Rs. 3,000
(iii) Subscriptions received in advance as on 1.4.2018 Rs. 2,000
(iv) Subscriptions received in advance as on 31.3.2019 Rs. 4,000
Calculate the amount of subscriptions for the year 2018-19 to be credited to Income & Expenditure Account.
Answer:

Question 17.
Briefly explain the steps in the preparation of Receipts & Payments account.
Answer:
Procedure for preparation of Receipts and payments account as follows.

• This account always starts with an opening balance of cash in hand and cash at bank, cash in hand has a debit balance and hence appears on the debit side as the first item. Cash at bank has either a debit balance or a credit balance (overdraft)
• All receipts made in cash during the accounting year will be shown on the debit side and all cash payments made during the accounting year are shown on the credit side.
• Only actual cash receipts and cash payments are recorded in this account.
• At the end of the accounting period, this account is balanced and it shows the closing balance of cash in hand and at bank or bank overdraft, as the case may be.

Question 18.
Calculate interest on drawings from the following:

Month & Year	Amount
Jan 1, 2018	12,000
Feb 28, 2018	6,000
April 1, 2018	8,000
Aug 1, 2018	6,000
Nov 30, 2018	4,000
Dec 31, 2018	2,000

Accounting year closes on Dec. 31st every year and interest on drawings charged at 6% p.a.
Answer:
Calculation of Interest on Drawings

Interest on drawing at 6% p.a. = 3,10,000 × \(\frac{6}{100}\) = 18,600
Interest on drawings for one month = 18,600 × \(\frac{1}{12}\) = 1550

Question 19.
The profits for 5 years of a firm are as follows:
2013 – Rs. 12,000
2014 – Rs. 18,000
2015 – Rs. 17,000
2016 – Rs. 14,000
2017 – Rs. 24,000
Calculate the goodwill of the firm based on 3 3-year purchase of the 5-year average profits.
Answer:
Goodwill =Average Profit × No. of the year’s purchase
Average Profit = \(\frac{12000+18000+17000+14000+24000}{5}\) = 17000
Goodwill = 17000 × 3 = 51,000

Question 20.
What are the different modes of reconstitution of a partnership firm? Briefly explain.
Answer:
Modes of Reconstitutions
Reconstitution of a partnership firm usually takes place in any of the following ways:

• Change in the profit sharing ratio of the existing partners.
• Admission of a partner
• Retirement of a partner
• Death of a partner
• Amalgamation of two firms.

VI. Questions from 21 to 22 carry 8 scores each. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 21.
Prepare the Receipts and Payments Account of Megha Charitable Trust for the year ending March 31, 2019 based on the following information:

Answer:
Receipts and Payment A/c for the year ending 31.03.2019

Question 22.
Abhirami and Dayana are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses equally. Their balance sheet as on 31st Dec. 2018 was as follows:
Balance Sheet as on 31st Dec. 2018

They decided to admit Manju as a partner on that date for a 1/4 share in profit and the following were agreed upon:
(i) Manju contributed Rs. 20,000 as capital and Rs. 10,000 as her share of goodwill.
(ii) Furniture is valued at Rs. 28,000.
(iii) Land and Buildings found appreciated by 10%.
(iv) A provision for doubtful debt is to be created at 5% of debtors.
Prepare Revaluation account and Capital account of the firm after admission.
Answer:
Revaluation A/c

Capital A/c

Balance Sheet

Part – B
Computerised Accounting

VII. Questions from 23 to 26, Carry 1 score each. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 23.
Each cell in a Spreadsheet is identified with a unique name, which is known as __________________
(a) Range
(b) Columns
(c) Cell Address
(d) Rows
Answer:
(c) Cell Address

Question 24.
Pick out the one which is not a component of the computerised accounting system.
(a) Procedure
(b) Data
(c) People
(d) Virus
Answer:
(d) Virus

Question 25.
Which among the following financial functions is used for calculating the straight line method of depreciation?
(a) SLN
(b) DB
(c) PMT
(d) PV
Answer:
(a) SLN

Question 26.
Find the suitable voucher type used for recording ‘Payment by cash or cheque’ from the following in GNUKhata accounting software.
(a) Receipt
(b) Purchase
(c) Payment
(d) Sales
Answer:
(c) Payment

VIII. Questions from 27 to 30, carry 2 scores each. (4 × 2 = 8)

Question 27.
Write 2 methods to add a new worksheet in a Spreadsheet (Libre Office Calc).
Answer:

• Right click mouse on ‘sheet Tab’ and select ‘Insert Sheet’ from popup menu.
• Click ‘Plus mark’ (+) near sheet Tab.

Question 28.
List out any 4 types of charts that can be prepared with the help of LibreOffice Calc.
Answer:
(a) Bar chart
(b) Column chart
(c) Pie chart
(d) Line chart

Question 29.
Write any 4 elements of a chart.
Answer:
(a) Chart area
(b) Data series
(c) Grid Lines
(d) Plot Area
(e) Title
(f) Data point

Question 30.
Complete the given table based on the hint given:

Name of Ledger	Group
Hint: Purchase	Direct Expense
(a) Sales	?
(b) Wages	?
(c) Discount Received	?
(d) Salary	?

Answer:
(a) Sales – Direct Income
(b) Wages – Direct Expenses
(c) Discount Received – Indirect Income
(d) Salary – Indirect Expense

IX. Questions from 31 to 32, carry 3 scores each. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 31.
Write the equation to calculate Gross Salary and Net Salary, if B.P. (Basic Pay), DA, HRA and PF are given in a payroll statement.
Answer:
(a) Gross salary – Basic pay + DA + HRA
(b) Net Salary = Gross Salary – PF

Question 32.
Write any 3 features of GNUKhata Accounting Software.
Answer:

• It is free and open source accounting software.
• It is based on double entry book keeping.
• All financial reports can be prepared.
• Display of dual ledger facility.

X. Questions from 33 to 35, carry 4 scores each. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 33.
Write any 4 merits of computerised accounting system.
Answer:

• Financial reports can be prepared in time.
• Alterations and additions in transactions are easy and give the changed result in all books of accounts instantly.
• It ensures effective control over the system.
• Economy in the processing of accounting data.

Question 34.
Name the functions and syntax used to display the following results in LibreOffice Calc.
(a) Current System date
(b) Current date with time
(c) Count of numeric values in a given range of cells
(d) To count the number of empty cells in a given range.
Answer:

	Name of Function	Syntax
(a) Current System date	TODAY	=TODAY()
(b) Current data with time	NOW	=NOW()
(c) Count of numeric values	COUNT	=COUNT(Range)
(d) Count of empty cells	COUNTBLANK	=COUNTBLANK(Range)

Question 35.
Briefly explain how a ‘Table’ is created in LibreOffice Base. (First 4 steps)
Answer:
(a) Application → Office → LibreOffice Base → Click on ‘Create Table’ in ‘Design View’.
(b) Enter FIELD NAME
(c) Enter FIELD TYPE
(d) Enter FIELD Properties
(e) ‘Save’ Table with suitable name.

XI. Question from 36 to 37, carry 5 scores each. (2 × 5 = 10)

Question 36.
Briefly explain the features of the computerised accounting system.
Answer:

• Simple and Integrated: Computerised accounting system is designed to integrate all the business operations such as sales, finance, purchase, etc.
• Accuracy and Speed: Computerised Accounting system provides data entry forms for fast and accurate data entry of the transactions.
• Scalability: The system can cope easily with the increase in the volume of business transactions. The software can be used for any size and type of the organisation.
• Security: This system is highly secured and the data and information can be kept confidential.
• Reliability: Computerised accounting system makes sure that the critical financial information is accurate, controlled and safe from data corruption.

Question 37.
Write down the 5 features of LibreOffice Calc. Briefly explain.
Answer:

• It is a spreadsheet application.
• It is both free software and open source software.
• It can be used to calculate, analyse, and manage data.
• The worksheet in LibreOffice Calc contains Rows and Columns in a Table format.
• The data stored in the spreadsheet can be converted into graphs, charts, etc.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2020 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Economics Previous Year Question Paper March 2020

Answer any 10 questions from 1 to 12. Each carries 1 score. (10 × 1 = 10)

Question 1.
The famous book “General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money” was written by
a) Adam Smith
b) J.M. Keynes
c) Paul A. Samuelson
d) David Ricardo
Answer:
b) J.M. Keynes

Question 2.
In a Centrally Planned Economy all important economic activities are organised by
a) Government
b) Market
c) Both government and market
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Government

Question 3.
Which of the following causes rightward shift of the supply curve?
a) Rise in input price
b) Technological progress
c) Imposition of unit tax
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Technological progress

Question 4.
Total revenue curve under perfect competition is
a) Downward sloping from left to right
b) Upward rising from the point of origin
c) Parallel towards X axis
d) Parallel towards Y axis
Answer:
b) Upward rising from the point of origin

Question 5.
Financial year in India
a) 1 January to 31 December
b) 1 July to 30 June
c) 1 April to 31 March
d) 1 October to 30 September
Answer:
c) 1 April to 31 March

Question 6.
Which of the following is not a feature of capitalist economy?
a) Private ownership of the means of production
b) Profit motive
c) Planning mechanism
d) Price mechanism
Answer:
c) Planning mechanism

Question 7.
Which of the following represents budget line equation?
a) P₁ X₁ + P₂ X₂ = M
b) P₁ X₁ + P₂ X₂ < M
c) P₁ X₁ + P₂ X₂ > M
d) None of these
Answer:
a) P₁ X₁ + P₂ X₂ = M

Question 8.
Freeentryand exitof firms under perfect competition ensures
a) Super-normal profit
b) Loss
c) Normal profit
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Normal profit

Question 9.
Under monoploy market situation if marginal revenue is positive.
a) e_D = 1
b) e_D > 1
c) e_D < 1
d) e_D = 0
Answer:
b) e_D > 1

Question 10.
In the equation C = C + cY, C represents
a) Autonomous Consumption
b) Marginal Propensity to Consume
c) Marginal Propensity to Save
d) Consumption Function
Answer:
a) Autonomous Consumption

Question 11.
Which of the’following does not include in Revenue Receipt?
a) Tax Revenue
b) Recovery of Loans
c) Grants in aid from foreign countries
d) Dividends on investment made by Government
Answer:
b) Recovery of Loans

Question 12.
Which of the following is not included in the Current Account of Balance of Payments?
a) Trade in goods
b) Trade in services
c) Investments
d) Transfer payments
Answer:
c) Investments

Answer any 5 questions from 13 to 18. Each carries 1 score. (5 × 2 = 10)

Question 13.
Complete the schedule given below:

Labour	0	1	2	3	4	5	6
Total Product	0	3	10	18	24	29	33
Marginal Product
Average Product

Answer:

Labour	0	1	2	3	4	5	6
Total Product	0	3	10	18	24	29	33
Marginal Product	–	3	7	8	6	5	4
Average Product	–	3	5	6	6	5.8	5.6

Question 14.
Classify the following into microeconomics and macroeconomics: Economic Growth, Individual Demand, General Price Level, profit of Firm.
Answer:

Micro Economics	Macro Economics
Individual demand	Economic growth
Profit of a firm	General price level

Question 15.
Distinguish between marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save.
Answer:
A certain percentage of increase in income will go as consumMion. This protion is known as MPC. The
rest is known as MPS.
MPC = \(\frac{\Delta C}{\Delta Y}\)
MPC = \(\frac{\Delta S}{\Delta Y}\)

The ratio between the change in consumption to change in income is known as MPC. The proportion between change in savings to change in income is known as MPS.

Question 16.
Define Oligopoly market. List any two ways by which firms in Oligopoly market behave.
Answer:
Oligopoly is known as competition among firms Firms act like these two features in the market which are:

1. I nterdependence of firms
2. Products may be homogeneous or differentiated.

Question 17.
Distinguish between normal profit and super- normal profit.
Answer:
When a firm’s total revenue are equal to its total costs in a market, this situation is known as normal profit. The profit earned by the firm over and above the normal profit is known as super normal profit.

Question 18.
Distinguish between balance of payments and balance of trade.
Answer:
Balance of payment is the complete record of the financial transaction made between a country and the rest of the world. Balance of trade is the difference between the visible export and visible import of a country with the rest of the world.

Answer any 6 questions from 19 to 25. Each carries 3 score. (6 × 3 = 18)

Question 19.
Draw the outline of a production possibility frontier and mark the following situations:
i) Fuller utilization of resources
ii) Under utilization of resources
Answer:

Any point lying on the production possibility curve shows the efficiently utilised resources point lyinginside the PPC implies under utilization of resources.

Question 20.
Identify any three features of indifference curve.
Answer:
Three features of indifference curve are given below.

1. Indifference carves are convex to origin.
2. Higher indifference curves show higher levels of satisfaction.
3. It do not interest each other.

Question 21.
Expain the three laws of returns to scale.
Answer:
There are three laws of returns to scale which are given below.

1. Increasing returns to a scale (IRS)
   If a proportionate increase in all the inputs leads to more than proportionate change in output. It is the stage of IRS.
2. Constant returns to a scales (CRS)
   If proportionate increase in inputs leads to proportionate increase in output, it is called constant returns to scale.
3. Decreasing Return to Scale
   If a proportionate change in inputs leads to less than proportionate change in output is called diminishing returns to a scale (DRS). This laws of returns can be expressed in figure.

Question 22.
Recently the government of India have decided to restrict the export of onion towards foreign countries. Diagrammatically illustrate the immediate effect of this decision on the equilibrium priceand quantity of onion in India.
Answer:

The immediate effect of this decision leads to decrease in equalibrium price decrease and increase in equilibrium quantity increases in the market.

Question 23.
Compare monopoly and monopolistic competition based on the features given below:

Features	Monopoly	Monopolistic ComDetition
Number of firms
Entry of firms
Nature Profit in the long-run

Answer:

Features	Monopoly	Monopolistic ComDetition
Number of firms	Single	Fairly large
Entry of firms	No	Freedom of entry
Nature Profit in the long-run	super Normal	Normal

Question 24.
Distinguish between Public goods and private good Write an example of each.
Answer:
Public goods are provided by the goernment for the Common use. They are non-rivalary and non-excludable. eg: Road, National defence Private goods are rival and excludable. For purchasing private goods, we have to pay price.
eg: car, cloths and food items etc.

Question 25.
Explain the concept of ‘Paradox of Thrift’.
Answer:
If all the people of Jhe economy increases the proportion of income they save, the total value of saving in the economy will not increase, it either decrease of remain unchanged.

Answer any 4 questions from 26 to 30. Each carries 4 score. (4 × 4 = 16)

Question 26.
a) Distinguish between concept Nominal GDP and Real GDP. (1)
b) Which one is considered as a better concept for comparing the GDP among countries? (1)
c) Name the index representing the raito of Nominal GDPto Ral GDP. (1)
Answer:
a) Ifthe money value of final goods and services are calculated on the basis of current year price it is known as Nominal GDP.
If the money value of final goods and services are calculated on the basis of base year price. It is known as Real GDP.

b) Real GDP

c) GDP Deflator

Question 27.
Explain the determination of equilibrium national output and aggregate demand in a two sector economy with the help of a diagram.
Answer:

Question 28.
The diagram showing short – run Average Cost (SAC) Curve is given below:
a) I ncorporate Average Variable Cost (AVC) Curve and Short-run Marginal Cost (SMC) Curve in the diagram. (2)
b) Identify the relationship between Short -run Marginal Cost (SMC) and Short-run Average cost (SAC). (2)

Answer:
(a)

b) I) When SAC s deaeasng SMC curve will be be4ow Ue SAC.

Question 29.
Market determined price of paddy in Kerala is Rs. 2. per Kilogram. But government intervenes in the market and sets Rs. 26 per Kilogram as its minimum price with a veiw to protect the interests of paddy farmers.
a) By what name this policy of government is known? (1)
b) Analyse the consequences of this policy with the help of a diagram. (3)
Answer:
a) Price Floor/Minimum Suppport Price b)
b)

The government will intervene in the market and fix P, as floor price. This floor price will be higher than market determined price. The fixation of floor price will lead to excess supply. The excess supply situation is countered by the government through procurement.

Question 30.
Diagrammatically analyse the short -run equilibrium of a monopoly firm by using total revenue curve and total cost curve.
Answer:

Under monopoly a firm will produce that level of output where profit is maximised. This is the output level that satisfied the following conditions.

1. TR should be greater than TC
2. The vertical distance between TR and TC should be minimum.

Answer any 2 questions from 31 to 33. Each carries 5 scores (2 × 5 = 10)

Question 31.
a) Define foreign exchange market. Identify any two major participants in foreign exchange market.(2)
b) Distinguish between flexible exchange rate and fixed exchange rate. (2)
c) List any two merits of flexible exchange rate. (1)
Answer:
a) The market in which national currenciess arte traded for one another is known as foreign exchange market. Commercial banks and foreign exchange brokers are two majour participants in foreign exchange market.

b) Flexible exchange rate. It is also known as floating exchange rate determination. Here the exchange rate is determined by the forces of demand and supply of foreign exchange. The central bank has no role in the determination of exchange rate and no transaction in the official reserve account.

Fixed exchange rate
Under this system the exchange rate will be determined by central bank. If there occurs a change in exchange rate the central bank will intervene in the market to fix it to the already determined exchanged rate.

In a country where there is fixed exchange rate I the change in exchange rate occurs due to delibrate action by the government or by the central bank.

c) Credibility and automatic stabilisation are two merits of flexible exchange rate.

Question 32.
a) Identify any four features of a perfectly competitive market.
b) Diagrammatically explain the profit maximization of a firm in the short- run under perfect competition.
Answer:

1. Large number of buyers and sellers.
2. Homogeneous product
3. Freedom of entry and exit
4. Perfect knowledge’about the market.

b) Under perfect competition, there are 3 conditions of profit maximisations.
1) Price most be equal to MC or (MR = MC)

2) MC must be non decreasing at equilibrium.

3) Price must be great than or equal toAVC (PAVC)

Question 33.
a) Identify the formulae for calculating revenue deficit, fiscal deficit and primary deficit. (3)
b) Suggest any two measures for reducing fiscal deficit. (2)
Answer:
a) Revenue Deficit = Revenue expenditure – Revenue Receipts
Fiscal Deficit = Total expenditure – (Revenue receipts. Non debt creating captial receipts)
Primary deficit = Fiscal deficit – net interest Liabilities.

b) i) Reduces government expenditure.
ii) Increase public revenue.

Answer any 2 questions from 34 to 36. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 34.
a) Define price elasticity of demand. Analyse any two factor determining price elasticity of demand for a commodity. (3)
Answer:
The degree of responsiveness of demand due to a change in price is known the price elasticity of  demand (e_D). Nature of the goods and availability of Close substitutes are the two factors determining price elasticity of demand for a commodity.

b) Draw three constant elasticity demand curves and mark the value of price elastity of demand on each of them. (3)
Answer:
Three constant elasticity demand curves are given below.
i) Perfectly inelastic demand curve

Even if the price increase or decrease demand will be same. Then demand is said to be perfect’y inelastic.

ii) Perfectty elastic demand (e_D = ∝)
If a very small change in price leads to infinite change in demand it is the case of perfectly elastic demand.

(iii) Unity elastic demand

c) When the price of a commodity falls from Rs. 6 to Rs. 4 per unit, its quantity demanded rises from 40 units to 50 units. Calculate the price elasticity of demand. (2)
Answer:
price elasticity of demand: = \(\frac{p_o}{q o} x \frac{\Delta q}{\Delta p}\)
= \(\frac{6}{40} \times \frac{10}{2}=\frac{60}{80}\) = 0.75

Question 35.
a) Explain the product method and expenditure method of calculating gross domestic product.(2)
b) Discuss any two limitations of using gross domestic product as an index of welfare of a country. (2)
Answer:
a) Product Method Product method is also known as the value added method and outpad’method. GDP according to product method is the sum of the gross value added by the entire production units in the economy. If there are N firms in an economy, the GDP = sum total of the gross value added of all the firms in the economy
GDP = GVA₁ + GVA₂ + ……… + GVAN
there fore GDP = \(\sum_{i=1}^N \mathrm{GVA}_i\)
Here GDP is calculated on the basis of market price.
GDP_MP = \(\sum_{i=1}^N \mathrm{GVA}_i\)

Expenditure method:
This method is an alternative way to calculate the GDP and it looks at the demand side of the production. The expenditure method estimates national income by measuring final expenditure on gross domestic production. Consider firm T in the economy firm T can make the final expenditure on final goods on the following accounts.

1. The final consumption expenditure on the goods and service produced by the firm (c).
2. The final investment expenditure, incurred by other firms to purchase capital goods produced by firm ‘l’ (l)
3. The expenditure that the government makes on the final goods and services produced by firm ‘i’ (G_i)
4. The export revenues that firm ‘i’ earns by selling its goods and services abroad (X_i)
   Therefore GDP_MP = C + I + G + (X – M)

b) There are some limitations of GDP as an index of welfare of a nation which are given below.

1. GDP.and externalities The measure of externalities is not included in GDP. So GDP is not a good measure of economic welfare.
2. GDP and non-monetary exchanges. Subsistance production of an economy is not included in the calculation of GDP so GDP does not reveal the actual income in an economy.
3. Distribution of GDP is not uniform As GDP increases welfare may not increase. So in this situation the increase in GDP is not a good indicator of economic welfare.

Question 36.
People desire to hold money balance mainly for two motives. Explain these two motives.
Answer:
People like to hold money in the form of cash, people desire to hold money balance mainly for two motives which are given below.
i) Transactions motive: It is defined as the desire of people hold cash in order to make transaction. The number of times a unit of money changes hands during a period is called velocity of circulation of money. As the volume of GDP increases transactions demand for money will also increase.
\($M_T^d=K P Y$\)
PY = NominalGDP
P = General price level
Y = Real GDP
The transactions demand for money has a positive relationship with GDP.

ii) Speculative motive
In order to make profits from the p urchase and sale of bonds and securities individuals will hold
cash. This is known as speculative motive. The relationship between interest rate and bond price
is negative. When the market rate of interest is high the bond price .will be less. There is a negative relationship between the market rate of interest and speculative demand for money. The speculative demand for money can be written as follows.

The speculative demand curve for money can be drown as follows.

When the market rate of interest reaches or minimum the speculative demand curve will be parallel to ‘x’ axis. This situation is known as liquidity trap. The total demand for money includes precautionary motive, transactions motive and speculative motive. Among these the most important are transactions demand and speculative demand for money.