Plus Two

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Model Question Paper 3

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to candidates:

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all questions from 1 to 5 (5×1 = 5)

Question 1.
The blueprint or prototype that defines the properties and behavior of similar objects is called …………..

Question 2.
Write an example of a dynamic data structure.

Question 3.
Which is the default port number of HTTP service ?

Question 4.
The attribute .required in the tag for internal linking is ………..

Question 5.
SFTP stands for ………..

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16 (9×2 = 18)

Question 6.
What are the differences between array and structure in C++ ?

Question 7.
How can you create a dynamic array of size N, if N is inputted by the user ?

Question 8.
What is the advantages of circular queue over linear queue ?

Question 9.
Differentiate alink and vlink attribute in body tag.

Question 10.
Correct the JavaScript code fragment given below to display the value entered in the text box.

<form Name = ‘myform’>
input a number <input type = “text” name =num>
<input type = “button” value = “check”.......>
</form>
function Myform()
{
num = ........;
alert (num);
}

Question 11.
Write any two mouse events in JavaScript and its description.

Question 12.
Write short notes on primary key and foreign key.

Question 13.
Consider the given table PRODUCT and answer the following questions in relational algebra.

a. Select all details of product where quantity is above 60.
b. Select Pname and Quantity.

Question 14.
Why do we need PHP Script in web pages? What type of output is generated when a PHP script is processed ?

Question 15.
What is e-banking ? What are the areas where e-banking is effectively utilized?

Question 16.
What is GIS?

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27 (9 x 3 = 27)

Question 17.
a. What is nested structure ?

b. Consider the following structure definition.

struct Student 
{
int rno;
char Name[2o]; 
char dob;
}

How can you implement the concept of nested structure using the member ‘dob’ ?

Question 18.
Explain any three concepts of object oriented programming.

Question 19.
Write an algorithm to remove an item from a Queue ?

Question 20.
List and explain any three attributes of TABLE tag in HTML.

Question 21.
What are the different ways to add JavaScript in a webpage ?

Question 22.
What is meant by web hosting ? Briefly explain any two stages of web hosting.

Question 23.
Explain different level of data abstraction in DBMS.

Question 24.
Which constraints are used to define the following cases in SQL.
a. set a field to uniquely identify rows in a table.
b. increment the value of a field automatically.
c. set the value of a field to be not null.

Question 25.
Consider the data given below.
Data in first array : 12, 36, 29, 34, 48
Data in second array : Pen = 35, Pencil = 40, Eraser = 5, Brush = 25
a. Name the suitable types of arrays to store these data.
b. Write the PHP code to create these arrays to store the data.

Question 26.
What is meant by distributed computing ? Discuss any two distributed computing paradigms.

Question 27.
What are the different types of interaction between stakeholders in e-Governance ?

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30 (2 x 5 = 10)

Question 28.
a. Why do we need dynamic webpage ?
b. What is the role of web servers ?
c. Differentiate static webpage and dynamic webpage.

Question 29.
a. What is the use of rowspan and colspan in a table in HTML ?

b. Correct the given HTML code to get the output as shown in the figure.

<HTML>
<B0DY>
<TABLE> 
<TR>
<TD ALIGN </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD > Rollno </TD> 
<TD > name </TD> 
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>Arun</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Question 30.
Write SQL queries based on the table EMPLOYEE given below.

a. List EID and name of all employees.

b. Find all employees with Jobcode TA1 and salary greater than 39000.

c. Find all employees whose name begins with letter D.

d. Delete all employees with Jobcode ME3.

e. Display the details of employees in ascending order of salary.

Answers

Answer 1.
Class

Answer 2.
Linked list

Answer 3.
80

Answer 4.
Href

Answer 5.
Secured File Transfer Protocol

Answer 6.
Array:

• It is a derived data type.
• A collection of same type of data.

Structure:

• It is a user-defined data type.
• A collection of different types of data.

Answer 7.

int *ptr = new int[N];

Answer 8.
We can overcome the drawbacks of queue, using circular queue. Imagine the worst situation that there is only one element at the last position of the queue. If we try an insertion operation in this queues, there will he overflow situation. This limitation of linear queue can be overcome by circular queue.

Answer 9.
Alink: It specifies the colour of the active hyperlink. The default Alink colour is green.
Vlink: It specifies the colour of the hyperlink which is already visited by the viewer. The default colour for Vlink is purple.

Answer 10.

<form Name = ‘myform’> 
input a number
<input type = “text” name = num> 
<input type = “button” value = “check” onClick = “Myform”>
</form> 
function Myform()
{ 
num = document.myform.num.value alert (num);
}

Answer 11.
onClick() : This event occurs when the User clicks on the element.
onMousedown() : This event occurs when the user presses a mouse button over an element.

Answer 12.
Primary key: It is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify tuples within the relation. It cannot contain null value and duplicate value.
Foreign key: A key in a table can be called foreign key if it is a primary key in another table. Since a foreign key can be used to link two or more tables it is also called a reference key.

Answer 13.
a. σ _Quality>60  (PRODUCT)
b. π_{Pname, Quality} (PRODUCT)

Answer 14.
PHP is needed to accept the data sup-plied through the clients and process them within the server computer and give results back to the clients. PHP returns html files after processing.

Answer 15.
Internet banking and core banking help in transforming traditional banking into e-Banking. e-Banking or electronic banking is defined as the automated delivery of banking services directly to customers through electronic channel. E-Banking is utilized in ATMs, bill payments, Internet banking and core banking.

Answer 16.
GIS is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking and displaying data related to various positions on earth’s surface. GIS can show many different kinds of data on a map.

Answer 17.

struct Student
{
int rno;
char Name[20];
struct
{
int dd, mm, yy;
} dob;
};

Answer 18.
Data abstraction: Refers to showing only the essential features of the application and hiding the details from outside world. Data abstraction separates interface and implementation. Implementation denotes how variables are declared, how functions are coded, etc. It is through interface (function header/function signature) a communication is send to the object as messages.
Encapsulation: An OOP concept that binds together the data and functions that manipulate the data, and keeps both data and function safe from outside interference and misuse. C++ implements encapsulation through the declaration of a class. A class can contain private, protected and public members.
Polymorphism refers to the ability of a programming language to process objects differently depending on their data type or class. More specifically, it is the ability to redefine methods for derived classes.

Answer 19.
Algorithm: To perform DELETION operation in a queue
Consider an array QUEUE[N], where N is the maximum size of the array. FRONT and REAR keeps track of the front and rear position of the queue. VAL is a variable to be removed from the queue.

Start
1: If (FRONT > -1 AND FRONT < REAR) 
Then // empty status checking 
2: VAL = Q[FRONT]
3: FRONT = FRONT + 1 
4: Else
5: Print “Queue underflow”
6: End of If
7: If (FRONT > REAR) Then 
8: FRONT = REAR = -1 
9: End of If 
Stop

Answer 20.
1. Border: It specifies the thickness of the border line around the table.
2. Bordercolor: It is used to assign colour to the table border.
3. Align: It specifies the position of the table inside the browser window.

Answer 21.

1. Inside <BODY>: Placing scripts inside the <BODY> tag, the scripts will be executed while the contents of the web page is being loaded. The web page starts displaying from the beginning of the document. When the browser sees a script code in between, it renders the script and then the rest of the web page is displayed in the browser window.
2. Inside <HEAD>: It is a visual practice to include scripts in the head section of the web page. The main reason for this is that the body section of most of the HTML pages contains a large volume of text that specifies the contents to be displayed on the web page. Mixing a function definition also with this will create a lot of confusion for the web designer for making any kind of modification in the page.
3. External JavaScript file: We can place the scripts into an external file and then link to that file from within the HTML document. This file is saved with the extension ‘.js’. Placing JavaScripts in external files has some advantages. This is useful if the same scripts is used across multiple HTML page or a whole website.

Answer 22.
Web hosting is the service of providing storage space in a web server to serve files for a website to be made available on the Internet.
The two stages of web hosting are:
1. Purchase of hosting space.
2. Registration of domain name.
Two types of web hosting are:
Shard web hosting: It is the most common type of web hosting. It is referred to as shared because many different websites are stored on one single web server and they share resources like RAM and CPU. The features available on shared web servers are generally basic and are not flexible to suit a website that require specific features. Dedicated web hosting: It is the hosting where the client leases the entire web server and all its resources. The web server is not shared with any other website. Dedicated servers provide guaranteed performance, but they are very expensive. Since the bandwidth is not shared with other websites, it speeds up the access of the website. If the client is allowed to place their own purchased web server in the service
providers facility, then it is called co-location.

Answer 23.
1. Physical level: It is the lowest level of abstraction. The physical level describes complex lowlevel data structures in detail. We must decide what file organisations are to be used to store the relations and create auxiliary data structures, called indexes, to speed up data retrieved operations.
2. Logical level: It is is the next higher level of abstraction describes what data is stored in the database, and what relationship exist among those data. It describes the entire database in terms of a small number of relatively simple structures. The user of the logical level does not need to be aware of the complexity. Logical level is also referred as conceptual level.
3. View level: It is the highest level of database abstraction and is closest to the users. It is concerned with the way in which individual users view the data. It describes only a part of the entire database. Most of the users are not concerned with all the information that is contained in the database.

Answer 24.
a. UNIQUE
b. AUTO_INCREMENT
c. NOT NULL

Answer 25.
a. First case: Indexed array
Second case: Associative array

b. $arr1 = array(12, 36, 29, 34, 48); 
$arr2 = array (“Pen” =>35,“Pencil”
= >40, “Eraser”=>5, “Brush”=> 25);

Answer 26.
Distributed computing is a method of computing in which large problems can be divided into many small problems which are distributed to many computers. It provides a way to reduce the time it takes to perform a large task.
Grid computing is described as a world in the computational power (resources, services, data) is readily available. Here users get access to computational power just like electricity through wall side with no care or consideration for where or how the electricity is actually generated. Computers on a grid have a program on them, that allows unused resources to be used by another computer on the grid.
Cluster computing is a form of computing in which a group of personal computers, storage devices etc. are linked together so that they can work like a single computer. The components of a cluster are connected to each other through fast local area networks. Clusters provide computational power through parallel processing. It is relatively low cost form of a parallel processing machine used for scientific and other applications.

Answer 27.
i. Government to Government (G2G): It is the electronic sharing of data and/ or information among government agencies, departments or organizations. The goal of G2G is to support e- Governance initiatives by improving communication, data access and data sharing.
ii. Government to Citizens (G2C): If creates an interface between the government and citizens. Here the citizens enjoy a large range of public services. It increases the availability and accessibility of public services. It also improves the quality of services. Its primary purpose is to make the government citizen-friendly.
iii. Government to Business (G2B): e- Governance tools are used to aid the business community to interact with the government. The objective is to capitalism, save time, reduce operational costs and create a more transparent business environment while dealing with the government.
iv. Government to Employees (G2E): Government, being the biggest employer has to interact with its employees on a regular basis. This interaction is a two-way process between the government and the employees.

Answer 28.
a. Dynamic web pages are required to display information retrieved from the database based on the input given through the client
eg., Web page that displays the results of class XI examinations.
b. A web server is a powerful computer which is always switched on and connected to a high bandwidth Internet connection. This will facilitate Internet users around the world to access the websites and services hosted by it at any point of time.
c. a. Static websites:
1. The content and layout of a web page is fixed.
2. Static web pages never use data-bases.
Dynamic websites:
1. The content and layout may change during run time.
2. Database is used to generate dynamic content through queries.

Answer 29.
a. Colspan: It defines the number of columns occupied by that particular cell.
Rowspan: It defines the number of columns occupied by that particular cell

b. <HTML>
<BODY>
<TABLE Border = “1”>
<TR>
<TH Colspan="2"> Science</TH> 
</TR>
<TR>
<TH > Roll No. </TH>
<TH > Name </TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>Arun</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>2</TD> 
<TD>Aliya</TD> 
</TR>
</TABLE>

Answer 30.

a. SELECT EID, Name FROM EMPLOYEE;
b. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE JobCode = “TA1” AND Salary>
39000;
c. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Name LIKE = “D%”;
d. DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE JobCode =“ME3”;
e. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE ORDER BY Salary;

Plus Two Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Model Question Paper 2

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to candidates:

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all questions from 1 to 5 (5×1 = 5)

Question 1.
The variables declared inside the class are known as ……….

Question 2.
Queue follows the……principle.

Question 3.
A link to a particular section of the same document is called………..

Question 4.
The keyword used to declare a variable in JavaScript is………..

Question 5.
Name a protocol that provides secure file transfer.

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16 (9×2 = 18)

Question 6.
Orphaned memory blocks are undesirable. How can they be avoided ?

Question 7.
“Structure is a user-defined data type”. Justify this statement.

Question 8.
How does stack overflow and underflow occur?

Question 9.
What is the role of payment gateway in online purchases?

Question 10.
Write two different uses of “+” operator in JavaScript ?

Question 11.
What are the advantages of writing JavaScript code in the head section of an HTML page?

Question 12.
What happens when we use DELETE FROM command without a WHERE clause?

Question 13.
What are the features of AUTO_ INCREMENT constraint?

Question 14.
Write a PHP program to display the perfect numbers below 100.

Question 15.
Why is cyber law important ?

Question 16.
List some uses of biometrics.

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27 (9×3 = 27)

Question 17.
What are the advantages of character pointer over character array?

Question 18. How C++ implements encapsulation and data hiding?

Question 19.
Write a procedure to implement traversal operation in a linked list.

Question 20.
Create a table with 5 types of fruit names, use headings as serial number, name and cost.

Question 21.
Discuss about six built in functions used in JavaScript.

Question 22.
Categorize the cloud service models.

Question 23.
Using the instance of the EMPLOYEE relation given below, write the result of the following relational algebra expressions.

Question 24.
Explain about the components of SQL.

Question 25.
What is the use of $_SERVER? $_SERVER

Question 26.
Define the following cyber crimes:

a. Cyber terrorism
b. Website defacement
c. Attacks against e-governance web-sites

Question 27.
Explain how cloud service models change the way we use computers

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30 (2 x 5 = 10)

Question 28.
Explain about column constraints.

Question 29.
How can we connect a website hosted in a Webserver to a domain name?

Question 30.
Create a form that accepts information regarding a student. Fields necessary are name, age, class, sex, roll number, hobbies and date of birth. Use appropriate form controls.

Answers

Answer 1.
data member

Answer 2.
FIFO (First In First Out)

Answer 3.
Internal linking

Answer 4.
var

Answer 5.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Answer 6.
If the memory allocated using new operator is not freed using delete, that memory is said to be an orphaned memory block -a block of memory that is left unused, but not released for further allocation. Remedy for memory leak is to ensure that the memory allocated through new is properly deallocated through delete. Memory leak takes place only in the case of dynamic memory allocation. But in case of static memory allocation, the operating system takes the responsibility of allocation and deallocation without user’s instruction. So there is no chance of memory leak in static memory allocation.

Answer 7.
C++ provides facility to define new data types by which such aggregate or grouped data can be represented. The data types defined by user to represent data of aggregate nature are generally known as user-defined data types. Structure is a user-defined data type which represents a collection of logically related data items. It can represent a group of different types .of data under a common name.

Answer 8.
Once the stack is full, and if we attempt to insert an item, an impossible situation arises. This is known as stack overflow.
If the stack is empty and we try to delete an item from the stack, an unfavorable situation arises. This is known as stack underflow.

Answer 9.
Payment gateway is a server that acts as a bridge between merchant server and bank server and transfers money in an encrypted format whenever an online payment/money transfer is made.

Answer 10.
Operator + is used to add two strings. Adding two string means concatenating two strings. If the operands are numbers, it will add the numbers. If the operands are strings it will concatenate the strings. If + operator sees any one operand as string, it will treat both the operands as string type and concatenate the strings.

Answer 11.
It is a visual practice to include scripts in the head section of the web page. The main reason for this is that the body section of most of the HTML pages contains a large volume of text that specifies the contents to be displayed on the web page. Mixing a function definition also with this will create a lot of confusion for the web designer for making any kind of modification in the page. Moreover, the head section of a web page is loaded before the body section. Therefore, if any function call is made in the body section, the function will be executed as the function will be executed as the function definition is already loaded in the memory.

Answer 12.
The rows which are to be deleted are selected by using the WHERE clause. If the WHERE clause is not used, all the rows in the table will be deleted.

Answer 13.
It performs an auto-increment feature. By default, the starting value for this constraint is 1 and will be incremented by 1 for each new record. Only one AUTO_INCREMENT column per table is allowed.

Answer 14.

<?
function is_perfect($number)
{
for ($n = 2; $n <= sqrt($number); $n++)
{
if (!($number % $n))
{
$d += $n;
if ($n <> $number / $n)
$d += $number / $n;
}}
return ++$d == $number;
}
for ($n = 1; $n < 100; $n++) 
if (is_perfect($n)) 
echo $n . '<br />';
?>

Answer 15.
Cyber law is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions and activities using internet. Whether we realist it or not, every action and every reaction in cyberspace has some legal perspectives.

Answer 16.
Biometrics authentication is used in identification of individual. Biometrics identifiers are the distinctive, measurable characteristics used to label and describe individuals.
Biometric identification is popularly used in attendance management system authentication in computers and other devices, Adhar cards, etc.

Answer 17.
1. Since there is no size specification, a string of any number of characters can be stored. There is no wastage or insufficiency of memory space. But it should be done with initialization, (e.g., char *str = “Program”;)
2. Assignment operator (=) can be used to copy strings.
3. Any character in the string can be referenced using the concept of pointer arithmetic which makes access faster.
4. Array of strings can be managed with optimal use of memory space.

Answer 18.
C++ implements encapsulation and data hiding through the declaration of a class. A class can contain private, protected and public members.

Private: By default, all items defined in a class are private. Members declared under private section are not visible outside the class.

Protected: Members declared as protected are visible to its derived class, but not outside the class.

Public: All variables or functions defined after the public access specifier are accessible anywhere in our program.

Answer 19.
In linked list, traversal begin from the first node. The pointer Start gives the address of the first node, so that we can access the data part using arrow (->) operator. Then we access the link part of the first part, which is the address of the second node. Using this address, we can access the data and link of the second node. This process is continued until we found NULL pointer in the link of a node.

Answer 20.

<HTML>
<HEAD> <TITLE> Fruits Details </ TITLE> </HEAD>
<BODY> <TABLE Border = “1”>
<TR> <TH> Serial number </TH> 
<TH>Name </TH>
<TH>Cost</TH> </TR>
<TR> <TD>1</TD>
<TD>Mango</TD>
<TD>70</TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD>2</TD>
<TD > Apple < /TD >
<TD>100</TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD>3</TD>
<TD>Orange</TD>
<TD>40</TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD>4</TD>
<TD>Grapes</TD>
<TD>90</TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD>5</TD>
<TD>Plum</TD>
<TD>150</TD> </TR>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Answer 21.

1. alert() function: This function is used to display a message on the screen. This function is used to display a message to the user at the time of data validation, eg., alert (“Welcome to JavaScript”);
2. isNaN() function: This function is used to check whether a value is a number or not. In this function, NaN stands for Not a Number. The function returns true if the given value is not a number, eg., isNaN(“Abc”);
3. toUpperCasef) function: This function returns the upper case form of the given string. It is called along with the name of the string variable.
   eg., x.toUpperCaseO; returns the upper case form of the string in the variable x.
4. toLowerCaseO function: It returns the lower case form of the given string. If all the characters in the string are already in the, lower case, the toLowerCase () returns the same string.
   eg., var x, y;
   x = “Anuvritha”;
   y = x.toLowerCase ();
   alert(y);
5. charAt() function: It returns the character at a particular position. charAt(0) returns the first character in the string. charAt(1) returns the second character in the string and so on.
   eg., var x, y;
   x = “Orange”;
   y = x.charAt(2);
   alert(y);
   This will display character ‘a’.
6. length property: It returns the length of the string, length means, the number of characters in the string. The property is called along with the variable.
   eg., var x, y;
   x = “Orange”;
   y = x.length;
   alert(y);

Answer 22.
Software as ab Service (SaaS): It gives subscribers access to both resources and applications. Here a complete application is offered to the customer, as a service on demand. Consumers purchase the ability to access and use and an application or service that is hosted in the cloud.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): A PaaS system goes a level above the software as a Service setup. A PaaS provider gives subscribers access to the components that they require to develop and operate applications over the internet. The customer has the freedom to build his own applications, which run on the provider’s infrastructure.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): In this, as the name states, deals primarily with computational infrastructure. IaaS provides basic storage and computing capabilities as standardized services over the network. The customer would typically set up his own software on the infrastructure.

Answer 23.

Answer 24.
1. Data Definition Language (DDL): These are used to create, modify and remove database objects.
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML): It provides commands for data manipulations. DML is a component of SQL that enhances efficient user interaction with the data system by providing a set of commands.
3. Data Control Language (DCL): It is used to control access to the database, which is very essential to a database system with respect to security concerns.

Answer 25.
It holds information about headers, script locations etc. Its elements are:

$_SERVER [‘PHP_SELF’] - returns the file name of the currently executing script.
$_SERVER [‘SERVER_NAME’] - re-turns the name of the host server.
$_SERVER [‘SCRIPT_NAME’] - Same as $_SERVER [‘PHP_SELF’]

Answer 26.
a. It is a cyber attack against sensitive computer networks like nuclear power plants, air traffic controls, gas line controls, telecom, etc. These types of attacks against governments are increasing globally. Cyber terrorism focuses on the use of the internet by anti-nationals to affect a nation’s economic and technological infrastructure. It may prove to be very costly to a country. Therefore governments provide very powerful security mechanisms for their servers.
b. This is a common cyber attack against a government. Defacement of websites includes hacking of government websites and posting derogatory comments about a government in those websites.
c. These types of attacks deny a particular online government service. This is done using a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. They gain access to website administration through content management system and destroy the data. This causes huge loss to the government.

Answer 27.
Software as ab Service (SaaS): It gives subscribers access to both resources and applications. Here a complete application is offered to the customer, as a service on demand. Consumers purchase the ability to access and use and an application or service that is hosted in the cloud.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): A PaaS system goes a level above the software as a Service setup. A PaaS provider gives subscribers access to the components that they require to develop and operate applications over the internet. The customer has the freedom to build , his own applications, which run on the provider’s infrastructure.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): In this, as the name states, deals primarily with computational infrastructure. IaaS provides basic storage and computing capabilities as standardized services over the network. The customer would typically set up his own software on the infrastructure.

Answer 28.
These are applied only to individual columns. They are written immediately after the data type of the column. They are:

• NOT NULL: It specifies that a column can never have NULL values. NULL is a keyword that represents an empty value.
• Two NULL values cannot be added, subtracted and compared.
• AUTO_INCREMENT: It performs an auto-increment feature. By default, the starting value for this constraint is 1 and will be incremented by 1 for each new record. Only one AUTO_ INCRE-MENT column per table is allowed.
• UNIQUE: It ensures that no two rows have the same value in the column specified with the constraint.
• PRIMARY KEY: It declares a column as the primary key of the table. It is similar to UNIQUE except that it can be applied only to one column or combination of columns. The primary keys cannot contain NULL values.
• DEFAULT: A default value can be set for a column, in case the user does not provide a value for that column of a record.

Answer 29.
Domain names are used to identify a website in the Internet. After finalizing a suitable domain name for our website, we have to check whether this domain name is available for registration or its is already in use by somebody else. The websites like www.whois .net check the database of ICANN that contain the list of all the registered domain names. If the domain name entered is available, we can proceed with the registration. The registration requires filling information for WHOIS database of domain names for ICANN. WHOIS information requires the name, address, telephone number and e-mail address of the registrant. After paying the annual registration fees online, the domain is purchased and is registered in our name. Our domain name has to be connected to the IP address if the web server where the web pages are stored. This is done using ‘A record’ (Address record) of the domain. An ‘A record’ is used to store the IP address of a web server connected to a domain name. The ‘A record’ can be modified by logging into the control panel of the domain.

Answer 30.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
< TITLE > Details of Students </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<FORM name = myform METHOD = post action = “save.php”> 
<FIELDSET>
<LEGEND> Enter Details of student </LEGEND>
Name <INPUT TYPE = “text” Name = txtname> <BR>
Age<INPUT TYPE = “text” Name = txtage> <BR>
Class<INPUT TYPE = “text” Class= txtclass> <BR>
Sex<INPUT TYPE = “radio” Name = sex VALUE = Male> Male &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<INPUT Type = “radio” Name = sex VALUE = Female> Female <BR> 
Hobbies <INPUT Type = “checkbox” Name = chkGarden > Gardening &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<INPUT Type = “checkbox” Name = chkRead> Reading <BR>
< INPUT Type =“Submit” Value= “Save”> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 
<INPUT Type=“Reset”Value= “Clear”> 
</FIELDSET>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Plus Two Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Model Question Papers Paper 1 with Answers

Board	SCERT
Class	Plus Two
Subject	Computer Science
Category	Plus Two Previous Year Question Papers

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all questions from 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
The blueprint or prototype that defines the properties and behaviour of similar objects is called ________
Answer:
class

Question 2.
Write an example of dynamic data structure.
Answer:
stack or queue or linked list

Question 3.
Which is the default port number of HTTP service?
Answer:
80

Question 4.
The attribute required in the <A> tag for internal linking is ________
Answer:
<a href=”#Top”>.
Here href is the attribute and # symbol is essential for internal linking.

Question 5.
SFTP stands for __________
Answer:
Secure Shell File Transfer Protocol

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16 (2 scores each)

Question 6.
What are the differences between array and structure in C++?
Answer:

Structure	Array
1. It is a user-defined data type	1. Predefined data type
2. It is a collection of different types of logically related data under one name.	2. Collection of data elements of the same data type having a common name.
3. Elements referenced using dot operator(.)	3. Elements reference using its subscripts (position value)
4. When an element of a structure becomes another structure nested structure and complex structures are formed	4. When an element of another becomes another array, multidimensional arrays are formed.
5. Structure contains array as its elements.	5. Array of structure can be formed.

Question 7.
How can you create a dynamic array of size N, if N is inputted by the user?
Answer:
int *ptr=new int[N];

Question 8.
What is the advantage of circular queue over linear queue?
Answer:
As the name implies logically the shape of the circular queue is a shape of a circle, The linear queue has some limitations such as some occasions the capacity of the linear queue cannot be used fully. The limitation of the linear queue can overcome by circular queue. Circular queue is a queue in which the two endpoints are connected.

Question 9.
Differentiate alink and vlink attribute in body tag?
Answer:
ALINK – Specifies the colour of hyperlinks
VLINK – Specifies the color of hyperlinks which are already visited by the viewer.
Eg. < BODY ALINK= “Cyan” LINK-“Magenta” VLINK= “Orange”>

Question 10.
Correct the javascript code fragment given below to display the value entered in the text box.

<form Name =‘myform’>
<input a number <input type = “text” name=num>
<input type = “button” value = “check” .........>
</form>
function Myform()
{
num= .........;
alert(num);
}

Answer:
The correct code is as follows:

<html>
<head>
<Script Language="JavaScript">
function Myform()
{
var num;
num=document.myform.num.value;
alert(num);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<form name="myform">
input a number
<inputtype="text" name="num">
<input type="button" value="check"
Click="Myform()">
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>

Question 11.
Write any two mouse events in javascript and its description.
Answer:

1. onClick() – This event occurs when the user clicks on an object by using mouse
2. onMouseEnter() – This event occurs when the mouse pointer is moved onto an object.

Question 12.
Write short notes on primary key and foreign key.
Answer:
Primary key – It is a set of one or more attributes used to uniquely identify a row.
Foreign key – A single attribute or a set of attributes, which is a candidate key in another table is called a foreign key.

Question 13.
Consider the given table PRODUCT and answer the following questions in relational algebra.
a) Select all details of product where quantity is above 60 (1 score)
b) Select Pname and Quantity (1 score)

PIN	Pname	Quantity	Amount
1	Pen	20	40
2	Pencil	30	80
3	Eraser	70	90
4	Sharpner	90	120

Answer:
a) σ Quantity > 60 (PRODUCT)
b) π Pname, Quantity (PRODUCT)

Question 14.
Why do we need a PHP script in Webpages? What type of output is generated when a PHP script is processed?
Answer:
Client-side scripts(JavaScript) are run faster but it has some limitations. The limitations are we can view the source code hence it is less secure. On the other hand, PHP is executed on the server and the result is sent back to the client (browser) so it is impossible to view the source code.

Question 15.
What is e-banking? What are the areas where e-banking is effectively utilized?
Answer:
E-banking (Electronic Banking): Through electronic channels doing all the banking activities at any time and place through the internet. Through this one can transfer funds from our account to another account, hence one can pay bills such as telephone, electricity, purchase tickets(Flight, Train, Cinema, etc).

Question 16.
What is GIS?
Answer:
Geographical Information System: Geographic Information System(GIS) technology is developed from the digital cartography and Computer-Aided Design(CAD) database management system. GIS as the name implies capturing, storing for future reference, checking and displaying data related to various positions on the earth’s surface. GIS-can be applied in many areas such as soil mapping, agricultural mapping, forest mapping, e-Governance, etc.
GIS is used in development planning like strategic rural and urban planning, infrastructure planning, precision agriculture planning, etc.

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27 (3 scores each)

Question 17.
a) What is the nested structure? (1 score)
b) Consider the following structure definition
struct Student
{
int rno;
char Name [20];
char dob;
}

How can you implement the concept of nested structure using the member ‘dob’?
Answer:
If a structure declaration contains another structure as one of the members, it is called a nested structure.
struct date
{
short day, month, year;
};
struct Student
{
int rno;
charname[20];
date dob;
};

Question 18.
Explain any three concepts of object-oriented programming?
Answer:
Advantages of using OOP are

1. OOP allows modularity(divide the large programs into smaller ones)
2. It is good for defining abstract data types.
3. It allows data abstraction. That is it hides or protects data.
4. It allows code reusability
5. Real-life entities can be easily created
6. It supports creating new data types.

Question 19.
Write an algorithm to remove an item from a Queue?
Answer:
Step 1: If front = Null then print “UNDERFLOW” and return
Step 2: Set item = Queue[front]
Step 3: If front = rear then
Set front = Null and rear = Null
Else if front = N then set front = 1
Else
Set front = front +1
End if
Step 4: stop

Question 20.
List and explain any three attributes of TABLE tag in HTML
Answer:
<Table> Attributes (Any three)

1. Border – It specifies the thickness of the borderlines.
2. Border color – Colorful border lines.
3. Align – Specifies the table alignment in the window.
4. Bg-color – Specifies background colour.
5. Cellspacing – Specifies space between table cells.
6. Cellpadding – Specifies space between cell border and content.
7. Cols – Specifies the number of columns in the table.
8. Width – Specifies the table width.
9. Frame – Specifies the border lines around the table.
10. Rules – Specifies the rules (lines) and it overrides the border attribute.

Question 21.
What are the different ways to add javascript in a webpage?
Answer:
Ways to add scripts to a web page.
1. Inside <BODY> section
Scripts can be placed inside the <BODY> section.

2. Inside <HEAD> section
Scripts can be placed inside the <HEAD> section. This method is a widely accepted method

3. External (another) JavaScript file
We can write scripts in a file and save it as a separate file with the extension .js. The advantage is that this file can be used across multiple HTML files and can enhance the speed of page loading.

Question 22.
What is meant by web hosting? Briefly explain any two pages of web hosting?
Answer:
Web hosting
Buying or renting storage space to store website in a web server and provide service(made available 24×7) to all the computers connected to the Internet. This is called web hosting. Such service providing companies are called web hosts. Programming languages used are PHP, ASP.NET, JSP.NET, etc.

Types of web hosting
Various types of web hosting services are available. We can choose the web hosting services according to our needs depends upon the storage space needed for hosting, the number of visitors expected to visit, etc.

1. Shared Hosting: This type of hosting shares resources, like memory, disk space, and CPU hence the name shared. Several websites share the same server. This is suitable for small websites that have less traffic and it is not suitable for large websites that have large bandwidth, large storage space, and have a large volume of traffic. Eg: Shared hosting is very similar to living in an Apartment(Villas) complex. All residents are in the same location and must share the available resources(Car parking area, Swimming pool, Gymnasium, playground, etc) with everyone.

2. Dedicated Hosting: A web server and its resources are exclusively for one website that has a large volume of traffic means a large volume of requests by visitors. Some Govt, departments or large organizations require uninterrupted services for that round the clock power supply is needed. It is too expensive but it is more reliable and provides good service to the public.
Eg: It is similar to living in an Our own house. All the resources in your house are only for you. No one else’s account resides on the computer and would not be capable of tapping into your resources.

3. Virtual Private Server (VPS): A VPS is a virtual machine sold as a service by an Internet hosting Service. A VPS runs its own copy of an OS(Operating System) and customers have super level access to that OS instance, so they can install almost any s/w that runs on that OS. This type is suitable for websites that require more features than shared hosting but less features than dedicated hosting.
Eg: It is similar to owning a Condo

Question 23.
Explain the different levels of data abstraction in DBMS?
Answer:
Levels of Database Abstraction

1. Physical Level (Lowest Level) – It describes how the data is actually stored in the storage medium.
2. Logical Level (Next Higher Level) – It describes what data are stored in the database.
3. View Level (Highest level) – It is closest to the users. It is concerned with the way in which the individual users view the data.

Question 24.
Which constraints are used to define the following cases in SQL?
a) set a field to uniquely identify rows in a table.
b) increment the value of a field automatically.
c) set the value of a field to be not null
Answer:
a) Primary key
b) auto increment
c) not null

Question 25.
Consider the data given below
Data in first array: 12, 36, 29, 34, 48
Data in Second array: Pen = 35, Pencil = 40, Eraser = 5, Brush = 25.
a) Name the suitable types of arrays to store these data. (1 score)
b) Write the PHP code to create these arrays to store the data. (2 scores)
Answer:
a) first array – Indexed array
second array – Associated array

b) i) $mark=array(12, 36, 29, 34, 48);
ii) $price=array(“Pen”=>”35″,”Pencil”=>”40″, “Eraser”=>”5”, “Brush”=>”25”);

Question 26.
What is meant by distributed computing? Discuss any two distributed computing Paradigms.
Answer:
Distributed computing is a method of computing in which large problems can be divided into smaller ones and these smaller one are distributed among several computers. The solution for the smaller ones are computed separately and simultaneously. Finally, the results are assembled to get the desired overall solution.

1. Parallel computing
In Serial computation, the problem is divided into a series of instructions and these instructions are executed sequentially, i.e. one after another. Here, only one instruction is executed at a time. But in parallel computing, more than one instruction is executed simultaneously at a time.

2. Grid computing
It is a system in which millions of computers, smartphones, satellites, telescopes, cameras, sensors, etc. are connected to each other as a cyber world in which computational power (resources, services, data) is readily available like electric power. Any information at any time at any place can be made available at our fingertips. This is used in disaster management, weather forecasting, market forecasting, bio information, etc.

Question 27.
What are the different types of interaction between stakeholders in e-Governance?
Answer:
e-Governance facilitates interaction between different stakeholders in governance

• Government to Government(G2G): Electronically exchanging data or information among Government agencies, departments or organizations.
• Government to Citizens(G2C): Exchange information between Government and Citizens Government to Business(G2B): Interaction between the Government and Businessmen.
• Government to Employees(G2E): The exchange of information between the Government and its employees

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30 (5 scores each)

Question 28.
a) Why do we need a dynamic webpage? Give an example.
b) What is the role ofwebservers?
c) Differentiate static webpage and dynamic webpage
Answer:
a) Some pages are displaying the same content(same text, images, etc) every time. Its content is not changing. This type of web page is called a static page. Conventional web pages display static pages and have some limitations.
Advanced tools are used to create web pages dynamic, which means pages are more attractive and interactive. For this JavaScript, VBScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, etc are used.

b) A computer with high storage capacity, high speed, and processing capabilities is called a web server. Hence it is a powerful computer with a server operating system and software for providing services like www, e-mail, etc. Popular server operating systems are Redhat, OpenSUSE, Debian, Ubuntu, Sun Solaris, Microsoft Windows Server, etc.
c)

Static web pages	Dynamic web pages
Content and layout is fixed	Content and layout is changed frequently
Never use database Run by browser	The database is used It runs on the server and result get back to the client (browser)
Easy to develop	Not at all easy

Question 29.
a) What is the use of rowspan and colspan in a table in HTML?
b) Correct the given HTML code to get the output as shown in the figure

Science
Roll No.	Name
1	Arun
2	Aliya

<html>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td align='centre'>science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rollno</td?
<td>name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Arun</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Answer:
a) Colspan – Specifies the number of columns span for the cell.
Rowspan – Specifies the number of rows span for the cell.

b) <html>
<body>
<table border=''1">
<tr>
<td colspan=”2" align=”center”>Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rollno</td>
<td>name</td>
</tr>
<tr> <td>1</td>
<td>Arun</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Aliya</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body
</html>

Question 30.
Write SQL queries based on the table EMPLOYEE given below.

EID	Name	Job Code	Salary
1876	Syam	ME3	45000
1114	Abdu	FA5	32000
1556	John	TA1	39000
1354	Dhyana	TA1	50000
1130	Dhanam	ME3	42000

1. List EID and name of all employees
2. Find all employees with Job code TA1 and salary greater than 39000
3. Find all employees whose name begins with the letter D
4. Delete all employees with Job code ME3
5. Display the details of employees in ascending order of salary

Answer:

1. Select EID, Name from EMPLOYEE;
2. Select * from EMPLOYEE where JobCode=’TA1′ and Salary>39000;
3. Select * from EMPLOYEE where Name like ‘D%’;
4. Delete from EMPLOYEE where JobCode=’ME3′;
5. Select * from EMPLOYEE order by Salary;

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Previous Year Question Paper March 2018 with Answers

Board	SCERT
Class	Plus Two
Subject	Computer Science
Category	Plus Two Previous Year Question Papers

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Part – A

Answer all questions from 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
Showing only the essential features and hiding complexities from Outside World refers to ________
Answer:
Abstraction

Question 2.
Name the data structure where memory allocation is done only at the time of execution.
Answer:
Linked List

Question 3.
The space between content and cell border in a table can be changed using ________ attribute.
Answer:
cell padding

Question 4.
What is the expansion of LAMP?
Answer:
Linux Apache MySQL PHP

Question 5.
New domain names are checked in the database of ________ before approving registration.
Answer:
www.whois.net

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16. (Scores: 9 × 2 = 18)

Question 6.
Identify the correct errors in the following code fragment:
Struct
{
int regno;
char name [20];
float mark = 100;
};
Answer:
The errors are given below:
1. Instead of Struct write struct with a tag name as follows
struct student

2. The variable mark is a float variable hence it must be initialized with a float value as follows
float mark=100.0;
The correct code is as follows
struct student
{
int regno;
charname[20];
float mark=100.0;
};

Question 7.
What is the difference between static and dynamic memory allocation?
Answer:
We know that memory is classified into two primary and secondary. Just like that data structures are classified as static and dynamic. Static data structure is associated with primary memory. The needed memory is allocated before the execution of the program and it is fixed throughout the execution. The array is an example of this. In a Dynamic data structure, memory is allocated during execution. A linked list is an example of this.

Question 8.
Write an algorithm to add a new item into a stack.
Answer:
Push operation
the algorithm is given below:
Step 1: If top=N. Then print “OVERFLOW” and return
Step 2: Set top = top+1
Step 3: Set Stack[top]=item
Step 4: stop

Question 9.
Write the HTML code fragment to insert an image “Profile.jpg” aligned in center of a webpage.
Answer:
<center>
<img src=”Profile.jpg” width=100 height=100>
</center>

Question 10.
The following code in HTML will call the Show Message () in Java Script.
<input type = “button” value = ‘show’ onClick=”ShowMessage();”>
Modify the code to call the ShowMessage() when”
(a) User moves the mouse over the button
(b) User presses any key on the keyboard
Answer:
(a) <input type=”button” value=”show” onMouseEnter=”ShowMessage()”>
(b) <input type=”button” value=”show” onKeyDown=”ShowMessage()”>

Question 11.
Consider two strings “Education is the most powerful weapon” and “you can use to change the world”.
Write JavaScript code to:
(a) Store these strings in two variables
(b) Combine the two string variables.
Answer:

<html>
<head>
<Script Language="JavaScript">
function combine()
{
var str1, str2, str3;
str1="Education is the most powerful weapon";
alert(“First string is-”+str1);
str2="You can use to change the world";
alert(“Second string is-”+str2);
str3=str1+"."+str2;
alert("The combined string is-"+str3);
}
</Script>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<form name="frm">
<input type="button" value="Combine two strings" onClick="combine()">
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>

Question 12.
What is the primary key? What is the significance of the primary key in a relation?
Answer:
Primary key – It is a set of one or more attributes used to uniquely identify a row. It does not allow to enter same values in a column.

Question 13.
Consider the given table SPORTS and write relational expressions for the following questions:

P/D	Name	Goals	Games
1	Maradona	90	85
2	Carlos	70	68
3	Messi	80	49
4	Robert	75	60

(a) Select the name of all players
(b) Select Name and Goals scored by players who have scored more than 70 goals.
Answer:
(a) p Name (SPORTS)
(b) p Name, Goals (s Goals > 70 (SPORTS))

Question 14.
Name the global variables used for passing data using HTTP GET and POST requests.
Answer:
$_GET: Data passed using the HTTP GET method
$_POST: Data passed using the HTTP POST method.

Question 15.
What is cyberspace? How cyberspace has influenced our life?
Answer:
Nowadays telephone systems and computer System are integrated and create a virtual(unreal) environment. This is called cyberspace. The result of this integration is that tremendous speed and it is very cheap. The various departments of Govt, are providing speed, reliable and convenient online service hence increase productivity. Online shopping, Online banking, Online debate, Online Auction, etc. are the various services offered by the Internet.

Question 16.
What Is Artificial Neural Networks?
Answer:
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN): The brain is a complex, nonlinear, and parallel computer with the ability to perform tasks such as recognise pattern, perception and motor control. ANN is the method of simulate biological neural systems to learn, memorise and generalize like human beings. A human brain cortex consists of 10-500 billion neurons with 60 trillion synapses (a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron to pass electrical)

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27. (Scores: 9 × 3 = 27)

Question 17.
Read the following code fragment;
int a [ ] = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25};
int *p = a;
Predict the output of the following statements:
(a) count<<*p;
(b) count<<*p+1;
(c) count<<*(p+1);
Answer:
(a) 5 (i.e. the content of the starting address)
(b) 6 (i.e. the content of the starting address, 5+1=6)
(c) 10 (i.e. the content of, the starting address+1. The second element)

Question 18.
What is the object-oriented programming paradigm? Give any two advantages.
Answer:
There are many drawbacks in Procedural Programming Paradigm, OOP eliminates these problems. It wraps data and functions into a single unit. Such units are called objects.
Advantages of using OOP are

• OOP allows modularity(divide the large programs into smaller ones)
• It is good for defining abstract data types.
• It allows data abstraction. That is it hides or protects data.
• It allows code reusability
• Real-life entities can be easily created
• It supports creating new data types.

Question 19.
What is the data structure? How are they classified?
Answer:
Data Structure: It is a particular way of organizing similar or dissimilar logically related data items into a single unit.
Classification of data structures: Classified as simple(Array and structure) and compound. Compound(mixture) data structure is further classified as linear and nonlinear. A data structure is said to be linear if its elements form a sequence(it needs contiguous memory location) otherwise it is called a non-linear data structure needs random memory)
The examples of Linear data structures are stack, queue, and linked list.

Question 20.
List and explain any three attributes of the BODY tag in HTML.
Answer:
Attributes of the Body tag.
Bgcolor: Used to set the background colour.
Text: This specifies the colour of the text content in the page.
Background: It sets an image as the background for the document body.

Question 21.
Identify suitable JavaScript data types for the following:
(a) “supercomputer”
(b) “true”
(c) 67.5
Answer:
(a) String
(b) String/Boolean
(c) Number

Question 22.
What is Responsive Web Design? What is its significance in modem computing devices?
Answer:
The home page is displayed differently according to the screen size of the browser window(different screen sized devices-mobile phone, palmtop, tablet, laptop, and desktop) we used. The website is designed dynamically(flexibly) that suit the screen size of a different device introduced by Ethan Marcotte. Before this, companies have to design different websites for different screen sized devices. By responsive web design, companies have to design only one website that suitably displayed according to the screen size of the devices.

Question 23.
Define the following terms:
(a) Relation
(b) Candidate key
(c) Tuples and attributes
Answer:
Relation – Tables are called relation
Candidate key – It is used to uniquely identify the row.
Tuple – Rows are called tuples
Attributes – Columns are called attributes.

Question 24.
Write short notes on any three data types in SQL.
Answer:
Data Types

1. Char – It is used to store a fixed number of characters. It is declared as char(size).
2. Varchar – It is used to store characters but it uses only enough memory.
3. Dec or Decimal – It is used to store numbers with decimal pdint. It is declared as Dec (size, scale). We can store a total of size number of digits.
4. Intorlnteger – It is used to store numbers without a decimal point. It is declared as int. It has no argument. Eg: age int.
5. Smallint- Used to store small integers.
6. Date – It is used to store date. The format is yyyy-mm-dd. Eg:‘1977-05-28’.
7. Time – It is used to store time. The format is HH:MM:SS. Eg: ‘22:32:45’.

Question 25.
What is the difference between echo and print in PHP?
Answer:
echo and print are used to display all types of data but echo is used to produce multiple outputs.
Parenthesis is optional.
eg: echo “ first output”, “second output”;
or
echo (“ first output”, “second output”);
print “only one output”;
or
print (“only one output”);

Question 26.
Define the following cybercrimes:
(a) Identify Theft
(b) Harassment
(c) Impersonation and cheating
Answer:
a) Identity theft: The various information such as personal details(name, Date of Birth, Address, Phone number, etc) , Credit / Debit Card details(Card number, PIN, Expiry Date, CW, etc), Bank details, etc. are the-identity of a person. Stealing this information by acting as the authorized person without the permission of a person is called Identity theft. The misuse of this information is a punishable offense.

b) Harassment: Commenting badly about a particular person’s gender, color, race, religion, nationality, in Social Media is considered as harassment. This is done with the help of the Internet is called Cyberstalking (Nuisance). This is a kind of torturing and it may lead to spoiling friendship, career, self-image, and confidence. Sometimes may lead to a big tragedy of a whole family or a group of persons.

c) Impersonation and cheating: Fake accounts are created in Social media and act as the original one for the purpose of cheating or misleading others.
Eg: Fake accounts in Social Medias (Facebook, Twitter, etc), fake SMS, fake emails, etc.

Question 27.
Briefly explain different types of cloud services.
Answer:
It is an emerging computing technology. Herewith the use of the Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Example of this is Email service, Office Software (word processor, spreadsheets, presentations, database, etc), graphic software, etc. The information is placed in a central remote server just like clouds in the sky hence the name cloud computing.
Cloud Service Models (3 major services)
1. Software as a Service (SaaS): A SaaS provider company provides more services on demand such as they allow to access both resources and applications. Examples are Google Docs, Adobe creative cloud, Microsoft Office 365, Facebook.com etc.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): A PaaS provider company provides subscribers access to the components that they require to develop and operate applications over the Internet.
Example: LAMP platform (Linux, Apache Server, MySQL, and PHP), ASP.NET, PHP and Python, Google’s App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Force.com, etc.
3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): It provides basic storage devices and computing capabilities as standardized services over the network.
Example: Amazon Web Services, Joyent, AT&T, GoGrid, etc.

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30. (5 score each) (Scores: 2 × 5 = 10)

Question 28.
Write SQL queries based on the table STUDENT given below:

1. Add a new field percentage to the table.
2. Update percentage of all students (Percentage = Total /3)
3. Find the average column total from students in the commerce batch.
4. Delete all students in the Humanities batch.
5. Find the number of students whose percentage is greater than 90.

Answer:

1. ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD Percentage decimal (5, 2);
2. UPDATE STUDENT SET Percentage=Total/3;
3. SELECT AVG(Total) FROM STUDENT WHERE Group=’Commerce’;
4. DELETE FROM STUDENT WHERE Group=’Humanities’;
5. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM STUDENT WHERE Percentage >90;

Question 29.
(a) Name the different types of communication on the web and explain briefly. (Scores: 3)
(b) What is a web server? (Scores: 2)
Answer:
(a) Client to web server communication
This communication is carried out between the client to the webserver (shopping site). The technology used to protect data that are transferred from, client to the webserver is HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure). This encrypts user name, password, etc., and sent to the server. HTTPS works using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) ensures privacy as well as prevents it from unauthorised access (changes) from other websites.
Following are the steps

1. A browser requests a web page to the server.
2. The server returns its SSL certificate.
3. Browser checks the genuinity of the certificate by the authorised certification authority (Eg: Verisign).
4. The certificate authority certifies whether it is valid or not.
5. If it is valid the browser encrypts the data and transmits it. The certificate can be viewed by click on the lock symbol.

Web server to web server communication: This communication is usually carried out between the webserver (seller) to another webserver (normally a bank). For safe transactions, a Digital certificate issued by third-party web sites is used.
A payment gateway is a server (Computer) that acts as a bridge (interface) between the merchant’s server and bank’s server to transfer money.

(b) Webserver
A computer with high storage capacity, high speed, and processing capabilities is called a web server. Hence it is a powerful computer with a server operating system and software for providing services like www, e-mail, etc. Popular server operating systems are Redhat, OpenSUSE, Debian, Ubuntu, Sun Solaris, Microsoft Windows Server, etc.

Question 30.
Identify errors in the following HTML code:
(a) <UL type = “A” start = 5>
(b) <h1><b> web programming </b> </i> </hl>
(c) <img src = ‘Profile.jpg’ size = 50>
(d) <a href = “Contact@gmail.com”>
(e) <frameset rows = “50%, 25%, 25%”>
<frame src = “1.html”>
<frame src = “2.html”>
</frameset>
Answer:
(a) <UL> tag has no type and start attribute. It is an Ordered list hence use <OL>
The correct code is <OL type=”A” start=5>

(b) <i> tag is missing
The correct code is <h1> <i><b> web programming</b></i></h1>

(c) <img> tag has no size attribute.
The correct code is
<img src=”Profile.jpg” width=”100″ height=”100″>

(d) missing mailto: while creating an email link
The correct code is
<a href=mailto:”Contact@gmail.com”>

(e) Here the browse window is divided into three rows hence one frame is missing.
The correct code is
<frameset rows =”50%, 25%, 25%”>
<frame src=”1 .html”>
<frame src=”2.html”>
<frame src=”3.html”>
</frameset>

Kerala Plus Two Business Studies Model Question Paper 4

General Instructions to Candidates :

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions from 1 to 7. Each carries 1 score.

Question 1.
Mr Rahul is working as a production manager in petro Ltd. Identify the level of management he belongs to.
a. Top level
b. Operate level
c. Middle level
d. Bottom level

Question 2.
Find the odd one
a. Unity of command
b. Division of work
c. Discipline
d. Functional foremanship

Question 3.
It is the study to find out the best way of doing the job. Identify the technique.
a. Time study
b. Fatigue study
c. Method Study
d. Motion study

Question 4.
Complete the diagram.

Question 5.
The technique used by managers to study the relationship between cost, volume and profit is ______
a. Budgetary control
b. Ratio analysis
c. Break even analysis
d. Management audit

Question 6.
Which of the following is not a money market instrument?
a. Commercial bill
b. Commercial paper
c. Bonds
d. Certificate of deposit

Question 7.
Complete the series.

Answer any 7 questions from 8 to 15. Each carries 2 score.

Question 8.
In a classroom debate Nvami argued that managent is multidimentional? Do you agree? why?

Question 9.
Brifly narrate motion study?

Question 10.
It is the basis of all other fuctions of management.
a. Identify the fuction.
b. State any two feathures of it.

Question 11.
Recruitment is regard as a positive process and selection is a negative process. Comment your views.

Question 12.
State the objective of financial management?

Question 13.
What are the elements in the communication process in between the receiver and the sender?

Question 14.
Some products have certain unique features because of which people make special efforts in their purchase.
a. Identify the product discussed above.
b. Write any two features of it.

Question 15.
State any two responsibilities of a customer while purchasing and using goods and services?

Answer Answer any 4 questions 16 to 20. Each Carries 3 score.

Question 16.
‘Efficiency and effectiveness are the two sides of the same coin’. Comment your views in the light of management

Question 17.
Describe informal organisation and its two merits?

Question 18.
“Directing function is regarded as the heart of the man agent process” Give reasons to support this statement.

Question 19.
Explain any three rights of consumer under the consumer protection Act 1986.

Question 20.
Describe the role and functions of entrepreneurs in their enterprise?

Answer any 4 questions from 21 to 25. Each carries 4 score.

Question 21.
Explain the importance of principles of management.

Question 22.
“Government of india withdrawn the old 500 and 1000 Rupee currency notes from 08.11.2016 on wards”
a. Identify the environment of the business it affected mostly.
b. State the features of this environment.

Question 23.
Explain briefly the various steps involved in the organizing process?

Question 24.
“Planning and controlling are insperable twins of management” Comment.

Question 25.
A devision in financial management is concerned with the quantum of finance to be raised from iongterm sourses.
a. Name the type of devision referred above.
b. Explain any three factors affecting this devision.

Answer any 3 questions from 26 to 29. Each carries 5 score.

Question 26.
It is an activity of thinking rather than doing.
a. Identify the activity
b. Narrate its steps.

Question 27.
Explain the important factors affecting the working capital requirement of a business?

Question 28.
it is the regulatory and developmental agency of Indian Securities market. Name the agency and narrate the different functions performed by them.

Question 29.
Describe the functions of labeling in the marketing of a product?

Answer any 2 questions from 30 to 32 . Each carries 8 score.

Question 30.
“Money is the only factor to motivate employees”
a. Do you agree this statement.
b. Give detailed justification.

Question 31.
Explain the different factors which affect the fixation of the price of a product?

Question 32.
Micro Ltd decided to fill 10 posts of Accountant from outside the organisation. Suggest the maximum possibilities of recruitments available to micro limited.

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
c. Middle level

Answer 2.
d. Functional foremanship

Answer 3.
c. Method study

Answer 4.

Answer 5.
c. Break even analysis

Answer 6.
C. Bonds

Answer 7.
Manager: Controling

Answer 8.
I agreed this statement because of In modern, concept, management has therefore, been defined as a process of getting things done with the aim of achieving goals effetively and effeciently.

i. Process

The functions of management performs to getting things done through others by planning, organising, staffing, directing, and controlling.

ii. Effectiveness

Effectiveness in management is concerned with doing the right task, completing activities and achieving goals.

iii. Efficiency

Efficiency means doing the task correctly and with minimum cost.

Answer 9.
Motion study

It involves the study of the movement of operations of a worker. It aims at eliminating unnecessary, ill directed and inefficient movement so as to perform the work in the best possible manner.

Answer 10.
a. Planning

FEATURES OF PLANNING

1. Planning focuses on achieving objectives

Every organisation has a set of goals to be achieved. Planning involves setting goals and determining the most economical and viable course of action to achieve the predetermined goals.

2. Planning is a primary function of management

It lays down the base for all other functions of management. All other managerial functions are performed within the framework of the plans drawn.

Answer 11.
Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective candidates and inducing them to apply for jobs. Its aim is to create a large pool of applicants for jobs, so it is a positive process.

Selection is concerned with choosing from those who have applied for jobs. Its aim is to ensures the most component people for jobs, so it is a negative process.

Answer 12.
The primary aim of financial management is to maximise share holders wealth. The objective if financial management is to maximise the current price of equity shares of the company or to maximise the wealth of owners of the company, that is shareholders.

Answer 13.
1. Sender

The process of communication begins when one person called the sender or communicator conveys a message or an idea to another person is called the receiver.

2. Message

It is the subject matter of communication. It may consist of facts, information, ideas, opinion etc.

3. Encoding

In order to make the receiver understand the message, the sender translates the message into words, symbols, or some other form. It is known as encoding the message.

4. Channel

It is the medium or path through which the encoded message is transmitted to the receiver. The channel may be a written form, face to face, phone call, internet etc.

5. Receiver

The person who receives the message is called the receiver or communicate. The receiver may be a listener, a reader or observer.

6. Decoding

It is the process of converting encoded symbols of the sender.

7. Feedback

The receiver sends his response to the sender of the message. This response is known as feedback.

8. Noise

It means an obstruction or hindrance in the communication process.

Answer 14.
a. Speciality products
b. Special efforts for during these are available for sale at few places only.
Demand for these products remains low.

Answer 15.
a. Consumer must be quality consious/ Do Not compromise on quality.
b. Do Not forget get Receipt and Guarantee/Warranty card
c. Do Not buy in hurry

Answer 16.
Effectiveness

Effectiveness in management is concerned with doing the right task, completing activities and achieving goals.

Efficiency

Efficiency means doing the task correctly and with minimum cost.

Answer 17.
INFORMAL ORGANISATION

Within the informal organisation, individuals carry out the assigned task in co-operation with each other. They interact or communicate on personal whims, likes, dislikes, prejudice, etc. among themselves in the course of their work. This gradually develops into friendly relations and forms small social groups. Such relations arise spontaneously and are not created by the top management.

Advantages of Informal organisation
1. Quick communication is possible
2. Give importance to social needs of employees
3. Better feedback from subordinates to superiors

Answer 18.
Directing function is regarded as the heart of the management process, because of Directing is a complex function that includes all those activities which are designed to encourage subordinates to work effectively and efficiently.following are the importance of directing.

1. Initiate action

Planning, organizing and staffing are preparations for doing work. The work actually begins only when the manager performs the directing function. Thus directing initiates action.

2. Integrates employees efforts

It integrates the efforts of individual and group to achieve common objectives. This is possible by supervision, guidance and counselling.

3. Provides leadership

Effective directing provides motivation and leadership to the employees, which helps them to identify their potentials and realise their latent capabilities, leading to growth.

4. introduces changes

Most of the employees resist changes. They prefer to go on performing their routine work and remain indifferent to new ideas and techniques. Through effective direction, employees are induced to accept changes and challenges of the job.

5. Provides stability

Effective directing helps to develop co-operation and commitment on part of subordinates. This provide stability to the organisation.

Answer 19.
THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
1986 
The Consumers Protection Act (CPA) seeks to protect and promote the consumers interest through speedy and inexpensive redressal of their grievances.

CONSUMER RIGHTS

1. Right to safety

The consumer has a right to be protected against goods and services which are hazardous to life and health.

2. Right to be informed

The consumers has a right to have complete information about the product he intends to buy including its ingredients, date of manufacture, price, quantity, directions for use etc.

3. Right to choose

The consumer has the freedom to choose from a variety of products at competitive prices.

Answer 20.
Following are the functions of entrpreneurs

1. Contribution to GDP

Increase in the Gross Domestic Product or GDP is the most common definition of economic development. Entrepreneurs generate income via organisation of production be it agriculture, manufacturing or services.

2. Capital formation

To integrate the capital of others into entrepreneurial capital is known as capital formation. The entrepreneurial decision, in effect, is an investment decision that augments the productive capacity of the economy and hence, results in capital formation.

3. Generation of Employment

Every new business is a sources of employment to people with different abilities, skills and qualifications. Thus the entrepreneurship provides employment opportunities this will leads to economic development.

4. Generation of business opportunities for others

Every new business creates opportunities for the suppliers of inputs and the marketers of the output.

5. Improvement in economic efficiency

Efficiency means to have greater output from the same input. Entrepreneurs imp¬rove economic efficiency by providing, reducing wastes, increasing yield, and bringing about technical progress etc.

6. Increase the spectrum and scope of economic activities

Development does not merely mean ‘more’ and ‘better’ of the existing, it also and more crucially means diversification of economic activities across the geographic, sectrol, and technological scope. Entrepreneurs lead the process of economic development via bringing about sectoral change.

ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURS

1. Opportunity scouting

One may rely on personal observation, discovery or invention, personal experience may also help in identifying business opportunities.

2. Identification of specific product offering

While the environment scan leads to the discovery of more generalised business opportunities.

Clearly decision on specific product offering necessities decisions on who is buying, why, and what are the value expectations. You will be able to succeed when the value delivered not only meets but also exceeds customers expectations and create vow impact.

3. Feasibility analysis

The product offering idea must be technically feasible, that is it should be possible with the available technology to convert the idea into a reality.

Answer 21.
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

1. Providing managers with useful insights into reality

Principles help managers to improve their knowledge and understanding of managerial situations.

2. Optimum utilisation of resourcesand effective administration.

Optimum utilisation of resources emphasise that resources should give maximum benefit with minimum cost, it also increase the effeciency of managemtent.

3. Scientific decisions

Management principles helps in thoughtful decision making because they are based on logic rather than blind faith. Such decisions are free from bias and prejudice.

4. Meeting changing environment requirements

Modem business environment is complex and ever changing ln order to be successful, organisations have to adapt these changes. Principles are dynamic in nature.

5. Fulfilling social responsibility

Management principles are evolved or developed to serve the demands of society. These principles establish certain ethics in response to social responsibility towards society.

6. Management training, education and research

Management principles act as a base of doing research and development in management studies. These principles provide basic groundwork for the development of managers.

Answer 22.
a. Economic Enviroment
b. The economic environment consist of the factors and forces concerning with means of production and distribution of wealth. It comprises of interest rate, rate of inflation, value of GDP, per capita income, tax rates, disposible income etc.

• Directly related with economic activities.
• Impact of Non-economic factors
• Impact of ideology of the people
• Impact of basic infrastructure
• Economic disparties, Economic planning
• Public morality
• Directives of the govt.
• Availability of capital

Answer 23.
STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF ORGANISING

1. Division of work

This is the first step in organising. The need for setting up an organisation arises because the total work of an organisation cannot be performed by a single individual. The total work is, therefore, to be divided into various functions or activities so that each activity may be one person or a group of persons. This brings in specialisation of efforts and skills.

2. Departmentalistion

Once, work has been divided into small and manageable activities, then those activities which are similar in nature,are grouped together. This process is called departmentalisation.

3. Assigning duties

The next step involves the allotment of various activities of different individuals according to their ability and aptitude. Each one is given a specific job and he is responsible for its execution. However, he should be given appropriate authority also. ‘Right man at the right job is the motto’.

4. Establishing reporting relationships

It is at this stage that the various members of the organisation are linked by authority responsibility relations, in other words, an authority structure is created to facilitate the smooth functioning of the business.

Answer 24.
Planning and controlling are closely related. After plan becomes opeational, control is necessary to measure the performance to locate deviations and to take remedial measures. Without planning, there is no basis for controlling activities and without effective system of control, planned activities cannot be properly implemented. It is true that planning depends upon controlling. Control system provides certain standards for measuring and appraising performance which are laid down by planning. Planning without control is meaningless and control without planning is blind.

Answer 25.
CAPITAL MARKET

Capital market is a market for medium and long term funds. This market facilitates the institutional arrangement through which long term funds, both debt and equity are raised and invested.

a. Performance of domestic companies: The performance of the companies or rather corporate earnings is one of the factors which has direct impact or effect on capital market in a country.weak corporate earnings indicate that the demand for goods and services in the economy is less due to slow growth in per capital income of people.

b. Political stability and government policies : For any economy to achieve and sustain growth it has to have political stability and pro growth government policies. This is because when there is political stability there is stability and consistancy in government’s attitude which is communicated through various government policies. The vice versa is the case when there is no political stability. So capital market also rea¬cts to be nature of government, attitude of government and various policies of the government.

c. Growth prospectus of an economy When the national income of the country increases and per capital income of people increases it is said that the economy is growing . Higher income also means higher expenditure and higher savings. Thus when an economy is growing at a good place capital market of the country attrats more money from investors, both from within and outside the country and vice versa. So we can say that growth prospectus of an economy does have an impact on capital market.

Answer 26.
a. PLANNING

According to Koontz and O’Donnell “Planning is deciding in advance, what to do it, when to do it and who is to do it. Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go. It makes possible for things to occur which could not otherwise happen.”

b. As we all know, planning is to decide in advance what to do and how to do. It is an activity, which follows certain logical steps.

1. Setting Objectives

Every organisation operates to achieve certain objectives. Objectives specify what the organisation wants to achieve. Therefore, the first step in planning is to define and describe clearly the objectives of the organisation and each departments or unit within the organisation.

2. Developing premises

The manager is required to make certain assumptions about future. These assumptions are known as premises. Premises are the base, upon which plans are drawn. They may be forecasts, existing plans or past information.

3. Identifying Alternative course of action

Once the objectives and planning premises are established, it becomes necessary to discover the various course of action, which may be used to achieve the established objectives.

4. Evaluating Alternative course

The next step is to weigh the pros and cons of the alternative. It is necessary to evaluate the positive and negative aspect of each alternative in the light of the objectives to be achieved.

5. Selecting an alternative

This is the real point of decision making. The best plan has to adopted and implemented. An ideal plan would be one which most profitable feasible and has the least negative consequences.

6. Implementing the plan

This step is to concerned with putting the plan into action and doing what is required. The managers start communicating the plans to employees and initiate them to carry out the activities according to the specifications of plans.

7. Follow-up action

Planning is a continuous process, so the manager keep on following up the plans to see that activities are performed as per the shedule or not.

Answer 27.
1. Nature of business

A trading organisation usually needs a smaller amount of working capital compared to manufacturing organisation.

2. Scale of operation

For increase the size of business,the requirement of working capital is also increases.

3. Business cycle

Different phases of business cycles affect the requirement of working capital by a firm.

4. Seasonal factors

Most business have some seasonality in their operations. In peak season, because of higher level of activity, larger amount of working capital is required. The seasonal factors also determining the requirement of working capital.

5. Production cycle

Some business have a longer production cycle while some have a shorter one. Duration and the length of production cycle, affects the amount of working capital requirement.

Answer 28.
SEBI

REGULATORY FUNCTIONS

1. Registration of brokers and sub brokers and other players in the market.


2. Registration of collective investment schemes and mutual funds.

3. Calling of information by under taking inspection, conducting inquiries and audit of stock exchange and inter mediaries.

4. Levying fee or other charges for carrying out the purpose of the act.

5. Performing such other functions may be prescribed.

DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONS

1. Training of intermediaries of the securities market.

2. Conducting research for the above purposes

3. To encourage online marketing

PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS

1. Prohibition of fradulent and unfair trade practices.

2. Controlling insider trading and imposing penalties for such practices.

3. Undertaking steps for investor protection.

Answer 29.
LABELLING

Labelling means putting identification mark on the package. A label contains details regarding the product and then manufacturer. It also give information about brand and grade of the product.

Functions of labeling

1. Describe the product and specify its contents : it specifies the contents and other features of the product. It enables the manufacturer to give clear instructions to the consumer about the proper use of his product.

2. Identification of the product or brand: It gives a definite idendity to the product or brand and therefore, the identification of a product becomes easy.

3. Grading of products:
It enables the manufacturer to grade the products in to different categories.

4. Helps in promotion of products:
A good label can attract attention, describe the product and stimulate the buyer to buy the product. it helps in the promotion of the product.

5. Providing information Required by law : It provides information required under law.

Answer 30.
lam not agree with this statement because of money is the only one factor to motivate the employees, that an individual have certain psychological,emotional and social needs which money cannot satisfy.in order to sataisfy these factors, non finanacial incentives are required. Following points contribute the same :

i. Status in business terms, status means ranking of positions in the organisation. The authority,responsibility, rewards, recognition , perquisites and prestige of job indicate the status given to a person holding a managerial position

ii. Organisational climate Better conditions in an organisation like individual autonomy,reward orientation, consideration to employees, risk taking etc.provide an organisation to be different from the other organisations, positive measures taken in these aspects,helps to devolope better organisational climate.

iii. Career advanced opportunity When employees are provided opportunities to grow in status and resposibility, they are satisfiedand are commited to organisational goals. Appropriate skill developed programmes and sound promotion policy help employees to improve their skills and be promoted to higher levels and exhibit improved performance.

Answer 31.
The term pricing denotes the money value of a product or service. It is the value which a buyer passes on the seller in return for a product or services provided.

There are number of factors which affect the fixation of the price of a product.

1. Production cost

One of the most important factor affecting price of a product or service is its cost. This includes the cost of producing, distributing and selling the product.

There are three types of costs; Fixed costs, variable cost and semi costs.

2. The utility and demand

If the demand is elastic, price should be set at a lower level and if the demand is less elastic or inelastic price can be set at a higher level.

3. Extent of competition in the market

Competitors prices and their anticipated reactions must be considered before fixing the price of a product.

4. Government and legal regulations

In order to protect the interest of public against unfair practices in the field of price fixing, Government can intervene and regulate the price of commodities. Government can declare a product as essential product and regulate its Price

5. Pricing objectives

If the firm decides to maximise profits in the short run, it would tend to charge maximum price for its products. But if it is to maximise its total profits in the long run. It would opt for a lower per unit price so that it can capture larger share of the market.

6. Marketing methods used

Price fixation process is also affected by other elements of marketing such as distribution system, sales promotion, publicity, advertising, etc.

Answer 32.
External sources
External sources refers to recruitment from outside the organisation.

1. Direct recruitment

Under this, a notice is placed on the notice board of the enterprise specifying the details of the jobs available. On that basis the candidate give applications and attend the interview.

2. Casual cailers

Some business organisations keep a database of of unsolicited applicants in their offices. A list of such job seekers may be prepare and screened to fill the vacancies which may arise,

3. Advertisement

This is the best method of recruiting persons for higher and experienced jobs. Advertisement may be given in local or national press, trade or professional journals. The requirements of jobs are given in the advertisement.

4. Employment Exchanges

Employment exchanges are a good source of recruitment. The job seekers and job givers are brought into contact by the employment exchanges.

5. Campus Recruitment

Colleges and institutes of management and technology also offer opportunities to employers to recruit students freshly passing out of their portals. This has become a popular source of recruitment.

Plus Two Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus Two Business Studies Model Question Paper 3

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes
Maximum : 80 Score

General Instructions to Candidates :

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions from 1 to 7. Each carries 1 score.

Question 1.
Departmental managers are included in which level?

Question 2.
Budget is an instrument of _______

Question 3.
Spot the odd one among the following persons working at different levels of management.

a. Purchase manager

b. production manager

c. Managing Director

d. Marketing manager

Question 4.
‘It is the systematic effort to delegate to the lowest levels all authority except that which can only be excersied at central points’. This cause of

a. Delegation

b. Centralisation

c. Decentralisation

d. Departmentalisation

Question 5.
The communication network which all subordinates under a manager communicate through the manager only is :

Question 6.
The first step in the control process which a manager to do is ______

Question 7.
Complete the diagram .

Answer any 7 questions from 8 to 15. Each carries 2 score.

Question 8.
Is management a ‘profession’ Do you agree this statement.Why?

Question 9.
Explain the role of marketing in economy.

Question 10.
Suppose, you are familiar with an organisation, who is protecting and promoting the interests of consumers.in this context,
a. Identify the organisation.
b. Write any two functions of this organisation

Question 11.
Write any two benefits of internal sources of recruitment.

Question 12.
Which principal of management aims at securing the loyalty and devotion of the employees by giving them fair and just treatment.? Explain this principle.

Question 13.
This is the oldest stock exchange in Asia.
a. Identify this stock exchange.
b. Prepare a short note about this stock exchange.

Question 14.
“Forecasting is one of the important elements involved in the planning process, without which effective planning cannot be done”. Do you think so? Explain.

Question 15.
‘An effort to control everything may end up in controlling nothing.’ Explain.

Answer any 4 questions from 16 to 20 each carries 3 score

Question 16.
Explain what are the problems faced by the organisation in implementing a effective control system.

Question 17.
They don’t sell, but they induce customers to make sales’ identify the concept stated in the statement.Explain the any 4 functions of this statement.

Question 18.
What you mean by packaging. Explain the levels of packaging.

Question 19.
Rahul, a manager of Telton Ltd believes that management is an art. Do you agree with the view point of Rahul? Give reasons in support of your answer, and also prepare a short note about the nature of management.

Question 20.
” It was set – up to provide small and medium companies an access to the capital market for raising finance in a cost effective manager”
a. Identify this function.
b. Explain the objectives of this function

Answer any 4 questions from 21 to 25 Each carries 4 score.

Question 21.
Explain by giving any four reasons, why principle of management are needed.

Question 22.
Which function of management helps in obtaining right people and putting them on the right place/jobs? Explain any five points of importance of this function.

Question 23.
Veena and Meera are working in different departments, but are very close friends.During lunch time, Veena informs Meera that due to the up gradation of latest technology,many people are leaving their jobs.
Which type of communication is this? State advantages and disadvantages of this type of communication.

Question 24.
Economic,Social, Political and legal conditions have a considerable impact on the performance of the company Discuss them briefly.

Question 25.
“Organizing is the backbone of management and it contributes to the success of an enterprise”.point out your arguments in favour of this statement.

Question 26.
It is the process of determining the objectives,policies,procedures, programmes and budgets to deal with financial activities of an enterprise.
a. Identify this function.
b. What are the objectives and importance of this function. Explain.

Question 27.
Henry Fayol suggested that there should be one head one plan for a group of activities having the same objective.
a. Identify the management principle refered here.
b. Explain any four principle of henry fayol.

Question 28.
What you mean by NSE. Explain the various segments of NSE.

Question 29.
A consumer have no right while purchasing or using a product. Do you agree this statement? Explain.

Answer any 2 questions from 30 to 32.Each carries 8 score

Question 30.
Define the meaning of controling and what are the techniques of managerial controling.

Question 31.
Explain the role of ‘public relations’in marketing management.

Question 32.
It is deciding in advance,What to do it,when to do it and who is to do it .
a. Identify this function.
b. Explain the process of this function.

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
b. Middle level management

Answer 2.
d. Control

Answer 3.
b. Managing Director

Answer 4.
c. Decentralisation

Answer 5.
a. Wheel pattern

Answer 6.
Establishing standards

Answer 7.

Answer 8.
No I don’t agree as management is not considered as full-fledged profession. It is on the path of becoming a profession.

Answer 9.
Role in economy

Marketing plays a significant role in the development of an economy. It acts as a catalyst in the economic development of a country and helps in raising the standards of living of the people.

Answer 10.
a. Consumer organisation and NGO
b. 1. Educating the general public about consumer rights by organising training programmes, seminars and work shops.

2. Publishing periodicals and other publications to impart knowledge about consumer problems, legal reporting, reliefs available and other matters of interest.

Answer 11.
i. It creates industrial peace in the enterprise
ii. It creates a sense of security among the personnel.

Answer 12.
Equity

Equity means justice and kindness The principle suggest that a fair and just treatment is asured to people in similar positions.

Answer 13.
a. Bombay stock exchange
b. Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. It was originally established as The Native share and stock broker’s association in 1875. It is the first stock exchange in India which got permanent recognition in 1956 from the Government of India.

Answer 14.
Planning involves looking ahead and preparing for the future. It involves forecasting of future events such as customers’ demand, competition, go government policies, etc. In other words, planning attempts to handle future events to the best advantage of the organisation.

Answer 15.
An important principle of organisational control is control by exception, According to this principle, only significance deviations from standards of performance must be brought to the management’s attention.

Answer 16.
Limitations of controlling

1. Difficulty in setting quantitative standards

Control system is effective when standards are defined in quantitative terms. But in some case, like employee morale, job satisfaction, etc, It is not possible to set quantitative standards.

2. Little control on external factors

There are certain external factors like change in government policies, technological changes, competition, etc. Which are beyond the control of the organisation.

3. Resistence to change

Employees often resist control as they consider it as restriction on their freedom.

Answer 17.
Marketing.
Following are the functions of marketing.

1. Gathering and anlaysing market information

One of the important functions of a marketer is to gather and analyse market information. This is necessary to identify the needs of the customers and take various decisions for the successful marketing of the products and services,

2. Market planning

Another important activity or area of work of a marketer is to develop appropriate marketing plans so that the marketing objectives of the organisation can be achieved.

3. Product Designing and development.

Another important marketing activity or decision area relates to product design-ing and development. The design of the product contributes to making the product attractive to the target customers. A good design can improve performance of a product and also give it a competitive advantage in the market.

4. Standardisation and Grading

Standardising refers to producing goods to predetermined specifications. Which help in achieving uniformity and consistency in the output.

Grading is the process of classification of products into different groups, on the basis of some of its important characteristics such as quality, size, etc.

Answer 18.
Packaging may be defined as the function of designing and producing the package for a product. A package is a container or a wrapper or a box in which a product is enclosed or sealed. It is absolutely necessary to provide protective packing as the goods so that they may not get damaged in transit,

LEVELS OF PACKAGING

1. Primary packaging

It refers to the product’s immediate container. In some cases, the primary package is kept till the consumer is ready to use the product e.g. toothpaste tube

2. Secondary packaging

It refers to additional layers of protection that are kept till the product is ready for use e.g. toothpaste cover.

3. Transportation packaging

It refers to further packaging components necessary for storage, identification or transportation.

Answer 19.
i agreed this statement management is an art because of art is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired results. Management is an art because It involves the application of the general principles for achieving the goals of the organisation.

Nature of management.

The nature of management is studied in terms of its dynamic function.

Management as an art

Art is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired results. Management is an art because It involves the application of the general principles for achieving the goals of the organisation.

Management as a science

Science refers to a systemtised body of knowledge acquired by mankind through observation and experimentation and which is capable of verification. Management is an inexact science. Peter F. Drucker rightly opines,’’management can never be an exact science”.

Management as a profession

All professions are based on a well- defined body of knowledge that can be acquired through instructions

Answer 20.
a. Over the Counter Exchange of India

b. OTCEI was set-up to provide small and medium companies an access to the capital market for raising finance in a cost effective manner. It was also meant to provide investors with a convenient, transparent and efficient avenue for capital market investment.

OBJECTIVES OF OTCEI

1. To provide a nationwide investor base to small companies

2. To provide trading facility in securities to investors

3. To ensure transparent dealings in securities

4. To offer quick trading facility to in vestors

Answer 21.
1. Providing managers with useful insights into reality

Principles help managers to improve their knowledge and understanding of managerial situations,

2. Optimum utilisation of resources and effective administration.

Optimum utilisation of resources emphasise that resources should give maxi-mum benefit with minimum cost, it also increase the effeciency of management.

3. Scientific decisions

Management principles helps in thoughtful decision making because they are based on logic rather than blind faith. Such decisions are free from bias and prejudice.

4. Meeting changing environment requirements

Modern business environment is complex and ever changing. ln order to be successful, organisations have to adapt these changes. Principles are dynamic in nature.

Answer 22.
It is satffing .Following are the importance of staffing

1. It helps in discovering and obtaining competent personnel for various jobs,

2. Makes for higher performance, by putting right person on the right jobs.

3. Ensures the continuous survival and growth of the enterprise through the succession planning for managers.

4. It helps to ensures optimum utilisation of the human resources.

5. Improves job satisfaction and morale of employees.

Answer 23.
a. Informal Communication

b. Advantages of Informal Communication
1. Employees can develop friendly relationship
2. It is very flexible and faster than formal communication
3. Employees attitudes, reactions etc., to the plans and policies can be easily ascertained’.
4. It reduces tension in employer- employee relations.
5. It can be used in conveying certain information which cannot be passed through official channel.
6. Special efforts and expenses are not necessary for informal organisation.

Disadvantages of Informal organisation

1. It tends to carry inaccurate and distroyed information
2. It is unsystamatic and cannot be relied upon
3. It leads to leakage of confidential information
4. It often carries rumors and misunderstanding.

Answer 24.
Business environment consists of factors that influnces many enterprises at the same time. These are called dimensions of business environment.

1. Economic environment

The economic environment consist of the factors and forces concerning with means of production and distribution of wealth. It comprises of interest rate, rate of inflation, value of GDP, per capita inco me, tax rates, disposibie income, etc.

2. Social environment

The social environment consists of all the social and cultural forces with in which business firms operate. It comprises of customs and traditions, values, social trends, etc.

3. Technological environment

It refers to the change, taking place in the method of production and use of equipment to improve the quality of product.

In other words, we can say technological environment includes forces relating to scientific improvements and innovations, which provide new ways of producing goods and services and methods and technique of operating a business.

4. Political environment

The political environment consists of the forces concerning management of public affairs and their impact on business. It includes political conditions in the country and attitude of the government towards business and business policy.

5. Legal environment

Legal environment includes the Acts that have been passed by central parliament and state legislature. The laws related to business made by government are utmost importance

Answer 25.
Following are the importance of organisation.

1. Specialisation

Since the activities are divided and subdivided into convenient jobs, it encourages specialisation, increased efficiency and productivity.

2. Clarity in working relationships

The establishment of working relation-ships clarifies lines of communication and specifies who is accountable to whom.

3. Optimum utilisation of resources

It leads to proper usage of all materials, financial and human resources by proper assignment of jobs. Assignment of jobs to workers reduces duplication of work, prevents confusion, minimise wastage and allows the best possible use of resources.

4. Adaption to change

It facilitates modification in organisational structural and revision of inter relationships among people in order to adapt to environmental changes.

5. Effective Administration

It gives a clear description of duties and responsibilities of each individual. This helps to avoid confusion regarding work and avoids duplication of activities. Thus, it helps in bringing efficiency in administration.

6. Development of personnel

It stimulates creativity among st the managers. Effective delegation allows the managers to reduce their workload by as-signing routine jobs to their subordinates. Thus, it helps in the development of personnel.

7. Expansion and growth

Organising helps in the growth and diversification of an enterprise by adding more job positions, departments had new lines of product.

Answer 26.
a. Financial planning
b. Following are the objectives of financial planning .

1. To ensure availability of funds When ever required.

This include a proper estimation of funds required for different purposes such as for the purchase of long-term asset or to meet day-to -day expenses of busies etc.

2. To see that the firm does not raise resources unnecessarily

Excess funding is almost as bad as in adequate funding. Even if there is some surplus money, good financial planning would put in to the best possible use so that the financial resources are not left idle and don’t unnecessarily add the cost.

Importance of financial planning.

1. It helps in forecasting what may happen in future under different business situation.

2. It helps in avoiding business shocks and surprises and helps the company in preparing for the future.

3. It helps in coordinating various business function,

4. Detailed plans of action prepared under financial planning reduce waste, duplication of efforts.

5. It provide a investment and financing decisions on a continuous basis.

Answer 27.
a. Unity of Direction

It implies that there should be one head and one plan for a group of activities having the same objective.

Henry fayols principles of management

1. Division of Work

Work is divided into small tasks and assigned to trained specialists, then it will help in taking the advantage of specialisation.

2. Authority and Responsibility

Authority means the right to give orders and obtain obedience. On the other hand, responsibility means obligation to complete the asigned task on time. There must be a balance between authority and responsibility

3. Discipline

It is the sincerity and obedience towards organisational rules and regulations, as these are necessary for smooth functioning of an organisation.

4. Remuneration of Employees

According to Fayol, the quantum and methods of remunertion payable to employees should be fair and resonable lt should be satisfactory to both employees and employers.

Answer 28.
NSE provides countrywide screen based and online trading facilities to investors. There is no trading ring and members buy and sell securities through their computer terminals which are linked with the central computer at the NSE.

The NSE provides trading in the following two segments
1. Wholesale debt market
2. Capital market segments

Whole sale debt market

This segments provides a trading platform for a wide range of fixed income securities that include central government securities, treasury bill, state development loans, bonds issued by public sector undertaking, floting rate, zero coupons, commercial paper, certificate of deposit, etc.

Capital market segments

Market segment of NSE provides an efficient and transparent platform for trading in equity, preference, deb entures, exchange, funds as well as retail government securities.

Answer 29.
No lam not agreed this statement. Following are the rights of consumer.

The Consumer Protection Act provides for six rights of consume’rs they are :-

1. Right to safety

The consumer has a right to be protected against goods and services which are hazardous to life and health.

2. Flight to be informed

The consumers has a right to have complete information about the product he intends to buy including its ingredients, date of manufacture, price, quantity, directions for use etc.

3. Right to choose

The consumer has the freedom to choose from a variety of products at competitive prices.

4. Right to heard

The consumer has a right to file a complaint and to be heard in case of dissatisfaction with a goods or a service.

5. Right to seek Redressal


The consumer has a right to get relief in case the product or services falls short of his expectations.

6. Right to consumer education

The consumer has a right to acquire knowledge and to be a well informed consumer throughout the life.

Answer 30.
According to Koontz and O’Donnell” Managerial control implies the measurement of accomplishment against the standard and the correction of devia¬tions to assure attainment of objectives according to plans”.

TECHNIQUES OF MANAGERIAL CONTROL

The various technique of managerial control may be classified into two broad categories: Traditional techniques and Modern techniques.

TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES

Traditional techniques include :

1. Personal observation

In this method managers observe the working time of an employee. It creates a psychological pressure on the employees. It is a very time consuming exercise

2. Statistical reports

The organisation uses various statistical techniques for standardising the performance.

3. Breaken even analysis

Breakeven point is a point when there is no profit no loss. It is technique used by managers to study the relationship between costs, volume, and profits.

4. Budgetory control

It is a technique of managerial control in which all operations are planned in advance in the form of budgets and actual re suits are compared with budgetory standards.

MODERN TECHNIQUES

It includes the following

1. Return on investment

It is used for measuring whether or not invested capital has been used effectively for generating reasonable amount of return,

2. Ratio analysis

It refers to analysis of financial statements through computation of ratio,

3. Responsibity accounting

It is system of accounting in which different sections, divisions, and departments of an organisation are setup as responsibility centres. Responsibilty centres are cost centre, Revenue centre, investment centre.

4. Mangement

Management audit refers to systematic appraisal of the overall performance of the management of an organisation,

5. PERT and CPM

PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method) are important network techniques useful in planning and controlling.

6. Management Information System(MIS)

MIS is a computer based information system that provides information and support for effective managerial decision-making.

Answer 31.
Role of public relations

The role of public relations can be dis-cussed with respect to functions per-formed by public relations department. These functions are.

1.Smooth Functioning of business As quoated in defintion by public association relation.lt helps in analysing trends, predicting their consequences, counseling organisational leaders and implementing planned programme of action, and thus help in smooth func-tioning of business and achievement of objectives.

2. Building corporate image and brand equity

Public relations covers a wide range of tactics,tools and programmes to pro-mote and protect company image and products lt uses the tools to build corporate image which ultimately affects favourally on its products.lt pursues for this purpose-up keep of parks, gardens, sponsoring sports events,etc.

3. Launching New products
The good image promotion itself lends credibility to new launches of the organisations

4. Press Relations
The public relations department is in contact with the media to present true facts and a correct picture about the company, otherwise, news can get distroyed if it is taken from other source.

5. Corporate Communication
The Publicrelations department pro¬motes the image of the company by communicating with the public and the employees of the organisation.

6. Lobbying
The public relations department is liable to maintain healthy relationships with government officials,ministers of industry finance,associations of commerce and industry,etc.At the same time, they have to be proactive in promoting or defeating regulations that affect them.

7. Counseling
The public relations department ad¬vises the management on general , issues that affect the general public and the good will of the company. Factors such as environment,wildlife,social issues,education,etc.help in promoting public relations and creating good will of the company in the market.

Answer 32.
a. Planning

b. 1. Setting Objectives

Every organisation operates to achieve certain objectives. Objectives specify what the organisation wants to achieve. Therefore, the first step in planning is to define and describe clearly the objectives of the organisation and each departments or unit within the organisation.

2. Developing premises

The manager is required to make certain assumptions about future. These assumptions are known as premises. Premises are the base, upon which plans are drawn. They may be forecasts, existing plans or past information.

3. Identifying Alternative course of action.

Once the objectives and planning ‘ premises are established, it becomes necessary to discover the various course of action, which may be used to achieve the established objectives.

4. Evaluating Alternative course

The next step is to weigh the pros and cons of the alternative. It is necessary to evaluate the positive and negative aspect of each alternative in the light of the objectives to be achieved.

5. Selecting an alterative

This is the real point of decision making. The best plan has to adopted and implemented. An ideal plan would be one which most profitable feasible and has the least negative consequences.

6. Implementing the plan

This step is to concerned with putting the plan into action and doing what is required. The managers start communicating the plans to employees and initiate them to carry out the activities according to the specifications of plans.

7. Follow-up action

Planning is a continuous process, so the manager keep on following, up the plans to see that activities are performed as per the shedule or not.

Plus Two Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus Two Business Studies Model Question Paper 2

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes
Maximum : 80 Score

General Instructions to Candidates :

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions from 1 to 7. Each carries 1 score.

Question 1.
Which of the following is NOT a principle of management given by Taylor?

a. Science, not rule of the Thumb
b. Functional foremanship
c. Maximum not restricted output
d. Harmony not discard

Question 2.
Which among the following is not an elment of co ordination.

a. Integration
b. Balancing
c. proper timing
d. Directing

Question 3.
A network of social relationship that arise spontaneously due to interaction at work is called :

a. Formal organisation
b. Informal organisation
c. Decentralisation
d. Delegation

Question 4.
Complete the diagram

Question 5.
‘It is the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience.’ This is called

a. Responsibility
b. Accountability
c. Authority
d. Parity

Question 6.
Identify the odd one among the incentives obtained by a managers from his company?

a. Bonus
b. Medical reimbursement
c. Commision
d. Participative decision making

Question 7.
Face to face contact between the employer and candidate is called?

Answer any 7 questions from 8 to 15. Each carries score 2

Question 8.
State two points that highlight the importance of organising.

Question 9.
Define management?

Question 10.
It is deciding in advance, what to do it when to do it and who is to do it. it bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go. it makes possible for things to occur which could not other-wise happen.
a. Identify this function.
b. Explain two features of this function

Question 11.
Mr. Satheesh, a newly appointed personnel manager of the view that their is no need for training the workers but the trade unions and management strongly disagree to the views expressed by Mr. Satheesh whom do you favour? Give reasons in support of your answer?

Question 12.
What are the elements of directing?

Question 13.
Explain the advantages of branding to marketers of goods and services.

Question 14.
Product is a bundle of utilities? Do you agree? Comment.

Question 15.
Mrs. Sudha purchased some curry powder from a provision store. But she found that the curry powder is mixed with some other elements which are harmful to health. She complained about the product to the shop owner. But he did not accept the claim. In this situation where Mrs. Sudha can file a com¬plaint? Can you help her?

Answer any 4 questions from 16 to 20 Each carries 3 score.

Question 16.
“Business is an organisation like human body” Do you agree with this comment?

Question 17.
Explain the redressal mechanism avail-able to consumers under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Question 18.
Explain the functions of entrepreneur-ship in relation to economic development

Question 19.
Explain any four points regarding significance of Principles of management.

Question 20.
If we follow the principles of scalar chain strictly, there is a possibility of unnecessary delay in the communication and execution of task. Business problems need immediate solution,so we can not always depend on the established scalar chain.

What is the alternative proposed by HenryFayol to overcome this issue?explain.

Answer any 4 questions from 21 to 25 Each carries 4 score

Question 21.
’’It is an orderly arrangement of group efforts to products unity of action in the pursuit of a common purpose” in the light of this satatement.
a. Explain this function.
b. State the importance of this function

Question 22.
Expain briefly the importance of staffing.

Question 23.
“Training and development are inter-related. Explain this statement.”

Question 24.
Briefly explain the elements of communication.

Question 25.
’Money is spent on advertising is not wasteful, but an investment’ Do you agree with this view ? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Answer any 3 questions from 26 to 29. (Each carries 5 score).

Question 26.
What is marketing ? What functions does it perform in the process of exchange of goods and services? Explain.

Question 27.
” It is the ability of a manager to include subordinates to work with confidence and zeal.”
a. Identify this function.
b. Explain it’s importance.

Question 28.
Goka Crackers Ltd, fire cracker manufacturing company,launched some new products on the eve of Diwali which : attracted many customers. To meet the increased demand, the company employed children from nearby villages and in the urgency of work, they ignored to specify safety warnings on packets of crackers.
i. Identify which consumer right is being ignored.
ii. Identify any two values which were violated by the company. Also explain the importance of consumer protection from the point view of business.

Question 29.
Define money market what are the important money market instruments.

Answer any 2 questions from 30 to 32 Each carries 8 score.

Question 30.
Explain fayols principles of management.

Question 31.
’’To train means to impart information or skill through instruction or drill.”In the light of above statement explain methods of trainning.

Question 32.
Explain the importance of controlling in an organisation.What are the problems faced by the organisation in implementing an effective control system?

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
b. Functional foremanship

Answer 2.
d. Directing

Answer 3.
b. Informal organisation

Answer 4.

Answer 5.
c. Authority

Answer 6.
d. Participative decision making

Answer 7.
Interview

Answer 8.
1. Specialisation

Since the activities are divided and sub-divided into convenient jobs, it encourages specialisation, increased efficiency and productivity.

2. Clarity in working relationships

The establishment of working relation ships clarifies lines of communication and specifies who is accountable to whom.

Answer 9.
According to Mary Parker Follet “Management is the art of getting things done through other people”.

Answer 10.
a. Planning

b. 1.Planning focuses on achieving objectives

Every organisation has a set of goals to be achieved. Planning involves setting goals and determining the most economical and viable course of action to achieve the predetermined goals.

2. Planning is a primary function of management

It lays down the base for all other functions of management. All other managerial functions are performed within the framework of the plans drawn.

Answer 11.
The views expressed by Mr. Satheesh is wrong and favour. Training helps to increase the employees efficiency and productivity. Less supervision, less wastage of training.

Answer 12.

Answer 13.
1. Enables marking product differentiation

2. Helps in advertising

3. Differential pricing

4. Ease introduction in new product.

Answer 14.
Yes, A product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption; it includes physical objects,services, personalities, place, organisation and ideas.

Answer 15.
Here in this case Mrs. Sudha can approach district forum to compliant about the product, because the value of the product is less than Rs. 20 lakhs. District forums generally receive complaints where the value of the goods or services and the compensation claimed is less than Rs. 20 lakhs.

Answer 16.
The above statement is definitely correct. Business organisation are like a human body. Biologists consider the human as an organisation, because all organs are knit together for the smooth functioning of human body. In the case of business, top executives consider organisation as the process of bringing together physical, financial,and human resources in the best possible manner so as to achieve the goals.

Answer 17.
For the redressal of consumer grievances, the consumer protection Act provides for setting up of a three tier en forcement machinery at the District level, State level, and the National levels.

REDRESAL AGENCIES

1. District Forum

The District Forum consists of a President and two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They all are appointed by the State Government concerned. A complaint can be made to the appropriate District Forum when the value of goods or services in questions, along with the compensation claimed, does not exceed Rs.20 lakhs.

2. State Commission

Each state Commission consists of a President and not less than two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are appointed by the State Commission when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceed Rs. 20 lakhs but does not exceed Rs. 1 crore.

3. National Commission

The National Commission consists of a President and at least four other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are appointed by the Central Government. A complaint can to be made to the National Commission when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceed Rs. 1 crore.

Answer 18.
1. Contribution to GDP

Increase in the Gross Domestic Product or GDP is the most common definition of economic development. Entrepreneurs generate income via organisation of production be it agriculture, manufacturing or services.

2. Capital formation

To integrate the capital of others into entrepreneurial capital is known as capital formation. The entrepreneurial decision, in effect, is an investment decision that augments the productive capacity of the economy and hence, results in capital formation.

3. Generation of Employment

Every new business is a sources of employment to people with different abilities, skills and qualifications. Thus the entrepreneurship provides employment opportunities this will leads to economic development.

4. Generation of business opportunities for others,

Every new business creates opportunities for the suppliers of inputs and the marketers of the output.

5. Improvement in economic efficiency

Efficiency means to have greater output from the same input. Entrepreneurs imp¬rove economic efficiency by providing,reducing wastes, increasing yield, and bringing about technical progress etc.

6. Increase the spectrum and scope of economic activities

Development does not merely mean ‘ more’ and ‘better’ of the existing, it also and more crucially means diversification of economic activities across the geographic, sectrol, and technological scope.

Entrepreneurs lead the process of economic development via bringing about sectoral change.

Answer 19.
Significance of management

1. Providing managers with useful insights into reality

Principles help managers to improve their knowledge and understanding of managerial situations.

2. Optimum Utilisation of resources and effective administration.

Optimumutilisation of resource sem-phasise that resources should give maximum benefit with minimum cost, it also increase the efficiency of management.

3. Scientific decisions

Management principles helps in thoughtful decision making because they are. based on logic rather than blind faith. Such decisions are free from bias and prejudice.

4. Meeting changing environment requirements

Modern business environment is complex and ever changing. In order to be successful, organisations have to adapt these changes. Principles are dynamic in nature.

Answer 20.
The main drawback of the scalar chain is that a good portion of time is required for the communication to reach the destination. There is a possibility of distrution of message in the course of transmission. In order to overcome this difficulty. Fayol proposed an alternative i.e., creation of “gang plank”. It means the short circuit in the chain for quick communication. Under the system of gang plank the person of same rank may communicate to each other.

Answer 21.
a. Co-ordination as a function of Management refers to the process of integrating the activities of different units of an organisation to achieve the organisational goals.

As organisations grown in size, the number of people employed by the organisation also increases. For organisational efficiency, it is important to harmonise individual goals and organisational goals through coordination.

2. Function differentiation

Functions of an organisation are divided into departments divisions and sections all these departments may have their own objectives polices and their own style of working the process of linking the activities of various departments is accomplished by co-ordination

3. Specialisation

Specialisation is inevitable because of the completies of modern technology and diversity of task to be performed. So there requires some mechanism to co-ordinate the efforts of various specialists in an organisation.

Answer 22.
According to Koontzand O’Donnell” The managerial function of staffing involves manning the organisational structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal and development of personnel to fill the roles designed into the structure”.

IMPORTANCE OF STAFFING

1. It helps in discovering and obtaining competent personnel for various jobs.

2. Makes for higher performance, by putting right person on the right jobs.


3. Ensures the continuous survival and growth of the enterprise through the succession planning for managers.

4. It helps to ensures optimum utilisation of the human resources.

5. Improves job satisfaction and morale of employees.

Answer 23.
Training and development

To train means to impart information or skill through instruction or drill. Train¬ing is an organised activity for increasing the knowledge and skills of people for a definite purpose.

Development involves growth of an employee in all respects. It is a process by which employees acquire skills and knowledge to perform their present jobs and increase their capabilities for accepting higher position in future.

Answer 24.
According to Newman &Summer”Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons”.

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Sender

The process of communication begins when one person called the sender or communicator conveys a message or an idea to another person is called the receiver.

2. Message

It is the subject matter of communication. It may consist of facts, information, ideas, opinion etc.

3. Encoding

In order to make the receiver under-stand the message, the sender translates the message into words, symbols, or some other form. It is known as en-coding the message.

4. Channel

It is the medium or path through which the encoded message is transmitted to the receiver. The channel may be a writ¬ten form, face to face, phone call, internet etc.

5. Receiver

The person who receives the message is called the receiver or communicate. The receiver may be a listener, a reader or observer.

6. Decoding

It is the process of converting encoded symbols of the sender.

7. Feedback

The receiver sends his response to the sender of the message. This response is known as feedback.

8. Noise

It means an obstruction or hindrance in the communication process.

Answer 25.
I agreed this statement because of advertising is Any paid form of non personal presentation or promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor.

ADVANTAGES OF ADVERTISING

1. It educate the masses about the various uses of goods and also the methods of use.

2. It provide the consumer full information about the products like use, quality, price, source of supply, etc.

3. It helps to appeal directly to the consumers and to eliminate middlemen.

4. It creates demand for new products

5. It raises the standard of living of the people.

6. It increase employment opportunity.

Answer 26.
The marketing concept

Marketing orientation implies that focus on satisfaction of customer’s need is the key to the success of any organisation in the market.

Functions of marketing

1. Gathering and anlaysing market information

One of the important functions of a marketer is to gather and analyse market information. This is necessary to identify the needs of the customers and take various decisions for the successful marketing of the products and services.

2. Market planning

Another important activity or area of work of a marketer is to develop appropriate marketing plans so that the marketing objectives of the organisation can be achieved.

3. Product Designing and development

Another important marketing activity or decision area relates to product designing and development. The design of the product contributes to making the product attractive to the target customers. A good design can improve performance of a product and also give it a competitive advantage in the market.

4. Standardization and Grading

Standardizing refers to producing goods to predetermined specifications. Which help in achieving uniformity and consistency in the output.

Grading is the process of classification i of products into different groups, on the basis of some of its important characteristics such as quality, size, etc.

5. Packaging and labelling

Packaging may be defined as the function of designing and producing the package for a product. A package is a container or a wrapper or a box in which a product is enclosed or sealed. It is absolutely necessary to provide protective packing to the goods so that they may not get damaged in transit.

Labelling means putting identification mark on the package. A label contains details regarding the product and then manufacturer. It also give information about brand and grade of the product.

6. BRANDING

Brand names helps in creating product differentiation i.e., providing basis for dis tinguishing the product of a firm with that of the competitor.

7. Customer support services

Avery important function of the marketing management relates to developing customer support services such as after sales services, handling customer complaints and adjustments. All these services aims at providing maximum satisfaction to the customers, which is the key to marketing success in modern days.

8. Pricing of product

Price of product refers to the amount of money customers have to pay to obtain a product. Prices is an important factor affecting the success or failure of a product in the market.

9. Promotion

Promotion of products and services involves informing the customers about the firm’s product, its features, etc, and persuading them to buy the products.

10. Physical distribution

In physical distribution include two decisions there are

(i) Decision regarding channels of distribution

(ii) Physical movement of the product from where it is produced to a place where it is required by the customers for their consumption or use.

11.
Transportation

Transportation involves physical movement of goods from one place to the other.

12.
Storage and Warehousing

It is the process of holding and preserving goods between the time of their production and the time of sale. Usually, there will be a time gap between the production and consumption of goods. Thus there is the need for storage so as to make them available to buyers on demand.

Answer 27.
LEADERSHIP

According to Koontz and O’Donnell “Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce subordinates to work with confidence and zeal”.

IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP

1. Influence the behaviour of people

A good leader influence the behaviour of people and contributes their energies for the benefits of the organisation.

2. Provide confidence

A leader maintains personal relations and helps his followers in fulfilling their needs.He provides confidence, support and encouragement to his followers.

3. Introduces changes

Leaders plays a key role in introducing required changes in the organisation.

4. Handles conflicts

A good leader helps in solving the conflicts among the employees.

5. Provide training

Leaders make training to their subordinate, in order to make them efficient and to facilitate a smooth succession process.

Answer 28.
i. Right to be informed is being ignored by the company. A consumer has the right to get true and complete information about the quality, quantity price,contents,safety warning signals of the product which he intends to buy.

ii. Following values were violated by the company :
a. By providing employment to children, it violates human values.
b. By avoidance of necessary information on packers,it may harm the life of several innocent people.

Following are the importance of consumer protection from the point view of business.

1. Long-term interest of business

2. Business uses society’s resources

3. Social responsibility

4. Moral justification

5. Government Intervention

Answer 29.
MONEY MARKET

“Moneys market is the collective name given to the various firms and institutions that deal in the various grades of near money “

The important money market instrument are as follows :-

are short term credit instruments for a period ranging from 14 to 364 days. Such instruments are sold to banks and to the public. Treasury bills are negotiable instruments and hence they are freely transferable.

2. Commercial paper

It is an unsecured promissory note with a fixed maturity period ranging from 3 to 12 months. This instruments is issued by corporate entities.

3. Call money

Money which can be called back within qi short time period, say, one day, is known as call money. The market deals in one day loans is called call money market.

4. Certificates of deposits

This is a time deposit issued by bank against the deposits kept of companies and institutions. The time period ranges from 91 days to 1 year. Only banks can issue such a certificate.

5. Commercial

It is a bill of exchange used by business firms to meet their working capital requirement.

Answer 30.
FAYOL’S PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

Hentry Fayol is popularly known as the father of modern management. Fayol concentrated management at top level.

1. Division of Work

Work is divided into small tasks and assigned to trained specialists, then it will help in taking the advantage of specialisation.

2. Authority and Responsibility

Authority means the right to give orders and obtain obedience. On the other hand, responsibility meansobligation to complete the assigned task on time. There must be a balance between authority and responsibility.

3. DisCipline

It is the sincerity and obedience towards organisational rules and regulations, as these are necessary for smooth functioning of an organisation.

4. Unity of Command

The principle unity of command states that each participant in a formal organisation should receive orders and is answerable to only one superior.

5. Unity of Direction

It implies that there should be one head and one plan for a group of activities having the same objective.

6. Subordination of individual interest to general interest

The interest of an organisation is to achieve its goals.These goals are achieve dafterinteg rating the efforts of different individuals who are working in the organisation to satisfy their own personal needs.

7. Remuneration of Employees

According to Fayol, the quantum and methods of remuneration payable to employees should be fair and reson-able. It should be satisfactory to both employees and employers.

8. Centralisation and Decenralisation

The concentration of decision making authority is called centralisation where as its dispersal among more than one person is known as dcentralisation. According to Fayol, an organisation should strive to achieve a proper balance between centralisation and de-centralisation according to size of organisation, ability of superiors, ability of subordinate, etc.

9. Scalar chain

According to Fayol, scalarchain refers to the chain of authority and communication that runs from top to bottom and should be followed by managers and their subordinates

10. Order

As per this principles, should be an orderly arrangement of men and material which implies that there is a fixed place for everything and everyone in the organisation.

11. Equity

Equity means justice and kindliness. The principle suggest that a fair and just treatment is assured to people in similar positions.

12. Stability of personnel

Fayol emphasised that managers and workers should not be shifted from their position frequently. A person need time to adjust himself to new work environment.

13. lnitiative

Initiative implies the power of thinking out and executing a pian. Employees at all levels should be given opportunities to take initiative in work related matters.

14. Espirit de corps

The term espirit de crops means of loyality and devotion to the group which one belongs. The principle implies that there should b§ co-operation and team spirit

Answer 31.
METHODS OF TRAINING

Training methods are categorized into two :

1. On-the-job methods

2. Off-the-job methods

1. On-the-job methods

It refers to those methods that are ap-plied to the work place, while the employee is actually working. The concept underlying on-the-job methods is ‘learning while doing’. Some important on- the job methods of training are :-

(i) Apprenticeship programmes

Apprenticeship programmes put the trainee under the guidance of a master worker.

(ii) Coaching

In this method, the superiors guide and instruct the trainee as a coach. The coach counsels or suggest how to achieve goals, periodically reviews the trainees progress and suggest changes required in behaviour and performance.

(iii) Internship training

It is a joint programme of training, in which educational institutions and business firms co-operates in order to impart training to selected candidates.

(iv) Job rotation

It involves shifting of employees from one job to another, or one department to another, or one shift to another. This helps the employee to learn varied skills to do a variety of jobs.

2. Off-the-job methods

Off-the-job methods are used away from he work place. It means learning before doing’.

(i) Classroom lectures/conferences

The lecture or conference approach is well adapted to convey specific information, rules, procedures or methods.

(ii) Films

To provide training using films as visual effects.

(iii) Computer modeling

It stimulates the work environment by programming a computer to imitate some of the reality of the job and allows to take experience of real life situations, without incurring high risk or cost.

(iv) Case study

Taken from actual experiences of organisations, cases represent attempts to describe, as accurately as possible real problems that managers have faced. Trainees study the cases to determine problems, analyse causes, develop alter-native solutions, select what they believe to be the best solution, and impliment it.

Answer 32.
1. Accomplishing organisational goals

It measures progress towards the organisational goals and find out deviations. In the absence of control system, activities may not be carried out according to the plans.

2. Judging accuracy of standards

Through an effective control system. Managers can easily judge the accuracy of standards. It also keeps a careful check on the changes taking place in the organisation.

3. Making efficient use of resources

By exercising control, a manager seeks to reduce wastage and spoil age of resources,

4. Improving employees motivation

It hepls employees in realizing what they are expected to do and what are the standards of performance.

Limitations of controlling

1. Difficulty in setting quantitative standards

Control system is effective when standards are defined in quantitative terms. But in some case, like employee morale, job satisfaction, etc, It is not possible to set quantitative standards.

2. Little control on external factors

There are certain external factors like change in government policies, technological changes, competition, etc. Which are beyond the control of the organisation.

3. Resistence to change

Employees often resist control as they consider it as restriction on their freedom.

Plus Two Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers.

Plus Two Business Studies Model Question Papers Paper 1

Board	SCERT
Class	Plus Two
Subject	Business Studies
Category	Plus Two Previous Year Question Papers

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes
Maximum : 80 Score

General Instructions to Candidates:

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all the questions from 1 to 7. Each carries 1 score. (Scores: 7 × 1 = 7)

Question 1.
Mr. Rahul is working as a production manager in Petro Ltd. Identify the level of management he belongs to.
a) Top level
b) Operative level
c) Middle level
d) Bottom level
Answer:
c) Middle level

Question 2.
Find the odd one
a) Unity of command
b) Division of work
c) Discipline
d) Functional foremanship
Answer:
d) Functional foremanship

Question 3.
It is the study to find out the best way of doing the job. Identify the technique.
a) Time study
b) Fatigue study
c) Method study
d) Motion study
Answer:
c) Method study

Question 4.
Complete the diagram

Answer:
a) Political Environment
b) Social Environment

Question 5.
The technique used by managers to study the relationship between cost, volume and profit is ………….
a) Budgetary control
b) Ratio analysis
c) Break even analysis
d) Management audit
Answer:
a) Budgetary control

Question 6.
Which of the following is not a money market instrument?
Answer:
a) Commercial bill
b) Commercial paper
c) Bonds
d) Certificate of deposit
Answer:
c) Bonds

Question 7.
Complete the series.
a) Manager: ………..
b) Entrepreneur: Profit
Answer:
Salary

Answer any 7 questions from 8 to 15. Each carries 2 score. (Scores: 7 × 2 = 14)

Question 8.
In a classroom debate Navami argued that ‘management is multidimensional?’ Do you agree? Why?
Answer:
Yes. Management is multidimensional. Management is series of activities like planning, organising, staffing, directing, controlling, etc. The different functional areas coverd by management are purchase, production, finance, marketing, human resources, sales, etc. So management is multidimensional.

Question 9.
Briefly narrate motion study.
Answer:
Motion study involves close observation of the movements of the workers and machines to perform a particular job. It helps to eliminate unnecessary movements of men, materials and machine.
This technique of management is given by F.W. Taylor.

Question 10.
It is the basis of all other functions of management.
a) Identify the function
b) State any two features of it.
Answer:
a) Planning
b) Features of Planning

• Planning is goal oriented
• It is the primary function of management

Question 11.
Recruitment is regarded as a positive process and selection is a negative process. Comment your views.
Answer:
Recruitment:

• It is the process of searching for candidates and making them apply for the job
• It is a positive process
• It is simple
• It is less expensive

Selection:

• It is the proces of selection of most suitable candidates
• It is a negative process
• It is complex
• It is more expensive

Question 12.
State the objectives of financial management?
Answer:
Objectives of Financial Management: The primary aim of financial management is to maximise shareholder’s wealth. It means maximisation of the market value of equity shares. It is the responsibility of the company to pay reasonable dividend and also to maximize the value of its shares.

Question 13.
What are the elements in the communication process in between the receiver and the sender?
Answer:
Sender → Message → Encoding → Channel → Receiver → Decoding → Feedback

Question 14.
Some products have certain unique features because of which people make special efforts in their purchase.
a) Identify the product discussed above
b) Write any two features of it.
Answer:
Speciality Products: Speciality products are those consumer goods which have certain special features because of which people make special efforts in their purchase. The buyers are willing to spend a lot of time and efforts on the purchase of such products. The demand for these goods is inelastic.

Question 15.
State any two responsibilities of a customer while purchasing and using goods and services.
Answer:

1. Be aware about various goods and services available in the market.
2. Buy only standardised goods as they provide quality assurance.

Answer any 4 questions from 16 to 20. Each carries 3 score. (Scores : 4 × 3 = 12)

Question 16.
‘Efficiency and effectiveness are the two sides of the same coin’.
Comment your views in the light of management.
Answer:
Efficiency and effectiveness are both commonly used management terms. Efficiency means whatever we produce or perform; it should be done in a perfect way. Efficiency refers to doing things in a right manner. It is defined as the output to input ratio and focuses on getting the maximum output with minimum resources. Effectiveness has a broader approach, which means the extent to which the actual results have been achieved to fulfill the desired outcome, i.e., doing accurate things. Being effective is about doing the right things, while being efficient is about doing things right.

Question 17.
Describe informal organisation and its two merits?
Answer:
Informal Organisation: Informal organisation refers to relationship between individuals in the organisation based on interest, personal attitude, emotions, likes, dislikes, etc. The network of social groups based on friendship is called informal organisation.

Advantages:

1. There can be faster spread of communication.
2. It helps to fulfil the social needs of the members and this enhances their job satisfaction.

Question 18.
“Directing function is regarded as the heart of the management process”. Give reasons to support this statement.
Answer:
Meaning: Directing referstothe process of instructing, guiding, counselling, motivating and leading people in the organisation to achieve its objectives.

Importance of Directing:

• Directing helps to initiate action by people in the organisation towards attainment of desired objectives.
• Directing integrates employees’ efforts in the organisation in such a way that every individual effort contributes to organizational performance.
• Directing guides employees to fully realise their potential and capabilities by motivating and providing effective leadership.
• Directing facilitates introduction of needed changes in the organization.

Question 19.
Explain any three rights of consumer under the consumer protection Act 1986.
Answer:

1. Right to be Heard: The consumer has a right to file a complaint and to be heard in case of dissatisfaction with goods or services.
2. Right to seek Redressal: The consumer has a right to get relief in case the product or service falls short of his expectations.
3. Right to Consumer Education: The consumer must be educated about the rights and remedies available under different laws.

Question 20.
Describe the role and functions of entrepreneurs in their enterprise?
Answer:

• Dealing with public bureaucracy (concession, licenses and taxes)
• Managing the human relation within the firm.
• Managing customer and supplier relations.

Answer any 4 questions from 21 to 25. Each carries 4 scores. (Scores: 4 × 4 = 16)

Question 21.
Explain the importance of Principles of Management.
Answer:

1. Increase efficiency: The understanding of the management principles provides guidelines to the managers for handling effectively the complex problems.
2. Optimum utilization of resources: The principles of management helps in the optimum utilization of resources through division of work, delegation of authority, etc.
3. Scientific decision: Management principles help in thoughtful decision-making. Such decisions are free from bias and prejudices.
4. Meeting the changing environmental requirements: Management principles are flexible and can be modified to meet changing requirements of environment.

Question 22.
“Government of India withdrawn the old 500 and 1000 Rupee currency notes from 08.11.2016 onwards”
a) Identify the environment of the business it affected mostly.
b) State the features of this environment.
Answer:
a) Economic environment

b) Economic Environment: Interest rates, inflation rates, changes in disposable income of people, stock market indices and the value of rupee are some of the economic factors that can affect the business enterprise.

Features of economic environment:

• It is the sum total of all economic forces prevailed in a country.
• It is related with all other environmental factors,

c) Factors of economic environment are always changing.

Question 23.
Explain briefly the various steps involved in the organising process.
Answer:

• Division of Work: The first step in the process of organising involves identifying and dividing the work that has to be done. Division of work leads to specialisation.
• Departmentation: The second step is to group similar or related jobs into larger units, called departments. The grouping of activities is known as departmentation.
• Assignment of duties: The next step is to allocate the work to various employees according to their ability and competencies.
• Establishing authority – responsibility relationship: The last step is creation of authority – responsibility relationship among the job positions. It helps in the smooth functioning of the organisation.

Question 24.
“Planning and controlling are inseparable – twins of Management”. Comment.
Answer:

1. Planning and control are interdependent and inseparable functions of management.
2. Planning is a prerequisite for controlling.
3. Planning initiates the process of management and controlling complete the process.
4. Planning is prescriptive where as controlling is evaluative.

Question 25.
A decision in financier management is concerned with the quantum of finance to be raised from longterm sources.
a) Name the type of decision referred above.
b) Explain any three factors affecting this decision.
Answer:
a) Finance Decision

b)

1. Cash flow position of the business: In case the cash flow position of a company is good enough, then it can easily use borrowed funds.
2. Fixed operating costs: If a business has high fixed operating costs, lower debt financing is better.
3. Control considerations: Issues of more equity may lead to dilution of management’s control over the business.

Answer any 3 questions from 26 to 29. Each carries 5 scores. (Scores: 3 × 5 = 15)

Question 26.
It is an activity of thinking rather than doing.
a) Identify the activity.
b) Narrate its steps.
Answer:
a) Planning

b)

• Setting Objectives: The first step in planning is setting objectives. Objectives may be set for the entire organisation and for each department. The objective must be specific and clear.
• Developing premises:Planning is based on certain assumptions about the future. These assumptions are called planning premises. Forecasting is important in developing planning premises.
• Identifying alternative courses of action: The next step in planning is to identify the alternative courses of action to achieve the objectives.
• Evaluating alternative courses: The pros and cons of various alternatives must be evaluated in terms of their expected cost and benefits.
• Selecting an alternative: After evaluating the alternatives the manager will select that alternative which gives maximum benefit at minimum cost.
• Implement the plan: Implementation of plan means putting plans into action so as to achieve the objectives of the business.
• Follow up action: Plans are to be evaluated regularly to check whether they are being implemented and activities are performed according to schedule.

Question 27.
Explain the important factors affecting the working capital requirement of a business.
Answer:

1. Nature of Business: A trading organisation usually needs a smaller amount of working capital as compared to a manufacturing organisation.
2. Scale of operations: A large scale organisation requires large amount of working capital as compared to the organisations which operate on a lower scale.
3. Business Cycle: In the boom period larger amount of working capital is needed to meet the demand. In case of depression, demand for goods declines so less working capital is required.
4. Seasonal Factors: During peak season demand of a product will be high and thus high working capital will be required as compared to lean season.
5. Production Cycle: Production cycle is the time span between the receipt of raw material and their conversion into finished goods. Working capital requirement is higher in firms with longer processing cycle and lower in firms with shorter processing cycle.

Question 28.
It is the regulatory and developmental agency of Indian Securities market. Name the agency and narrate the different functions performed by them.
Answer:
a) Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
b) 1) Regulatory Functions:

• Registration of brokers and sub-brokers and other players in the market.
• Registration of Mutual Funds.
• Regulation of stock brokers, portfolio exchanges, underwriters, etc.

2) Development Functions:

• Training of intermediaries of the securities market.
• Conducting research and publishing information useful to all market participants.
• Undertaking measures to develop the capital markets by adapting a flexible approach.

3) Protective Functions:

• Prohibition of fraudulent and unfair, trade practices.
• Controlling insider trading price rigging, etc. and imposing penalties for such practices.
• Undertaking steps for investor protection.

Question 29.
Describe the functions of labelling in the marketing of a product.
Answer:
Labelling: Labelling means putting identification marks on the package. It is a simple tag attached to the product.

Functions of Labelling:

• It describes the product, its usage, cautions in use, etc. and specify its contents.
• It helps in identifying the product.
• It helps grading the products into different categories.
• It helps in promotion of products.
• It provides information required by law.

Answer any 2 questions from 30 to 32. Each carries 8 score. (Scores: 2 × 8 = 16)

Question 30.
“Money is the only factor to motivate employees”
a) Do you agree with this statement?
b) Give detailed justification.
Answer:
a) Yes, I agree.
b) Financial and Non-Financial Incentives: Incentive means all measures which are used to motivate people to improve performance. These incentives may be –
Financial Incentives: Financial incentives refer to incentives which are in direct monetary form or measurable in monetary term and serve to motivate people for better performance. Financial incentives are:

• Pay and allowances: It includes basic pay, dearness allowances and other allowances.
• Commission: Under this system, a sales person is guaranteed a minimum wage as well as commission on sales. A commission plan motivates him to work better.
• Bonus: Bonus is an incentive offered over and above the wages/salary to the employees.
• Profit Sharing: Profit sharing is meant to provide a share to employees in the profits of the organisation.
• Co-partnership/Stock option: Under these incentive schemes, employees are offered company shares at a price which is lower than market price.
• Retirement Benefits: Several retirement benefits such as provident fund, pension, and gratuity provide financial security to employees after their retirement.
• Perquisites: It includes car allowance, housing, medical aid, and education to the children, etc., over and above the salary.

(OR)

a) No, I do not agree.
b) Financial and Non-Financial Incentives: Incentive means all measures which are used to motivate people to improve performance. These incentives may be –
Non-Financial Incentives: Incentives which are not measurable in terms of money are called Non- Financial Incentives. These incentives are essential for satisfying physiological, social and emotional needs. Some of the important non- financial incentives are:

• Status: status means ranking of positions in the organisation. Physiological, social and esteem needs of an individual are satisfied by status given to their job.
• Organisational Climate: It includes individual autonomy, reward orientation, consideration to employees, etc. These characteristics influence the behaviour of individuals in the organization.
• Career Advancement Opportunity: Managers should provide opportunity to employees to improve their skills and be promoted to the higher level jobs.
• Job Enrichment: It is a method of motivating employee by making the task to be performed by him more interesting and challenging.
• Employee Recognition Programmes: It includes Congratulating the employee for good performance, Displaying on the notice board about the achievement of employee, installing award or certificate fof best performance and Distributing mementos or complimentaries, etc.
• Employee Participation: It means involving employees in decision making of the issues related to them.

Question 31.
Explain the different factors which affect the fixation of the price of a product.
Answer:
Pricing: Price may be defined as the amount of money paid by a buyer in consideration of the purchase of a product or a service.

Factors Affecting Price Determination:

• Product Cost: One of the most important factors affecting price of a product or service is its cost of production and distribution. Fixed Costs, Variable Costs and Semi-Variable Costs are to be considered for determining the price.
• Demand: The price of a product is affected by the elasticity of demand of the product. If the demand of a product is inelastic, the firm is in a better position to fix higher prices.
• Competition: Competitors’ prices and their anticipated reactions must be considered before fixing the price of a product. In case of high competition, it is desirable to keep price low.
• Government and Legal Regulations: In order to protect the interest of public against unfair practices, prices of some essential products are regulated by the government under the Essential Commodities Act., e.g. Medicines.
• Pricing Objectives: Another important factor affecting the fixation of price of a product is pricing objectives, e.g. maximisation of profit, market share, etc.

Question 32.
Micro Ltd. decided to fill 10 posts of Accountant from outside the organisation. Advice them regarding the various sources of recruitment available to them.
Answer:
Meaning: Staffing is concerned with determining the manpower requirement of enterprise and includes functions like recruitment, selection, placement, promotion, training, growth and development and performance appraisal of employees in the organization.

• Direct Recruitment: Under the direct recruitment, a notice is placed on the noticeboard of the enterprise specifying the details of the jobs available. Job seekers assemble outside the premises of the organisation on the specified date and selection is done on the spot. It is suitable for filling casual vacancies.
• Casual Callers: Many reputed business organisations keep a database of unsolicited applicants in their office. These list can be used for recruitment.
• Advertisement: Advertisement in newspapers or trade and professional journals is generally used when a wider choice is required.
• Employment Exchange: Employment exchanges keep records of job seekers and will be supplied to business concern on the basis of their requisition.
• Placement Agencies and Management Consultants: These agencies compile bio-data of a large number of candidates and recommend suitable names to their clients.
• Campus Recruitment: Business enterprises may conduct campus recruitment in educational institutions for selecting young and talented candidates.
• Recommendations of Employees: Applicants introduced by present employees, or their friends and relatives prove to be a good source of recruitment.
• Labour Contractors: Labour contractors maintain close contacts with labourers and they can provide the required number of unskilled workers at short notice.

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers.

Kerala Plus Two Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper March 2017 with Answers

Board	SCERT
Class	Plus Two
Subject	Business Studies
Category	Plus Two Previous Year Question Papers

Time: 2½ Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to Candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2½ hrs.
• You are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Question 1.
National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) started its operations in
a. 1992
b. 1994
c. 1993
d. 2000

Question 2.
Jewellery is an example of
a. Convenience Product
b. Durable Product
c. Shopping Product
d. Non-durable Product

Question 3.
Zero working capital means
a. Current Asset > Current Liability
b. Current Asset < Current Liability
c. Current Asset = Current Liability
d. Current AssetCurrent Liability

Question 4.
“in spite of global economic crisis India is expected to achieve a growth rate of 6.8% in the F-Y. 2015-16.” In light of the above statement briefly explain the impact of Government policy changes in business and Industry.

Question 5.
Explain briefly the techniques of Scientific Management as propounded by F.W. Taylor.

Question 6.
Capital structure is the ratio between owned capital and borrowed capital. Several factors are to be considered in determining an appropriate capital structure.
Prepare a chart showing the factors affecting the capital structure.

Question 7.
Spot the odd one:
a. Production Manager
b. Marketing Manager
c. General Manager
d. Personal Manager

Question 8.
The integration of the various economics of the world-leading to¬wards the emergence of a cohesive global economy is known as______

Question 9.
State the important characteristics of entrepreneurship.

Question 10.
“Pianning is certainly important as it tells us where to go; it provide direction and reduces the risk of uncertainly. Briefly explain the importance of planning in the light of above statement.

Question 11.
“It’s a managerial function of filing and keeping filled the positions in the or¬ganization structure.” Identify the management function and state different steps followed in it.

Question 12.
Diagrammatically present communication process involved in a telephonic conversation between X and Y.

Question 13.
“It is a decision regarding the distribution of profit to shareholders.” Identify the decision and explain the factors affecting such decisions.

Question 14.
The basic material upon which plans are drawn is known as________

Question 15.
Match the following:

Question 16.
Volks Wagen a famous car manufacturing company decided to call back some of its models due to poor pollution standards. By doing so they upheld one of the objectives of management. Briefly explain the objectives of management in the light of above action.

Question 17.
“Packaging performs a number of functions in the marketing of goods.”Give the important functions of packaging.

Question 18.
V.Guard Ltd. a leading company in Kerala is engaged in diversified business namely electricals, textil es, amusement parks etc Each of these have different departments namely marketing. Prduction fina nee, Research and Development etc. Suggest a suitable organizational structure to this company and list its merits and demerits.

Question 19.
Briefly explain different methods of floating new issues in the primary market.

Question 20.
Identify the idea behind the diagram and explain its importance.

Question 21.
Consumers also have some responsibility while purchasing and consuming goods and services. Do you agree with this? State any four consumer responsibility in this regard.

Question 22.
a. Pecuniary and non-pecuniary incentives are used to motivate employees to improve their performance. Explain the pecuniary and non-pecuniary incentives used by organizations nowadays.
OR
b. What is leadership? What qualities should a leader possess to become a successful one? Briefly explain its different styles.

Question 23.
a. After completing her Post Graduate Diploma in Marketing, Smt. Jayas- ree was appointed as the Marketing Manager of Alpha Ltd. She is of the opinion that the marketing effort of her organization should be formulated after analysing the concept behind it. Explain different marketing management concepts she should consider before formulating her marketing strategies.
OR
b. “It is a process of giving a name or sign or symbol to a product.” Identify the definition and explain its advantage to marketing and consumers.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Model Question Paper Set 1 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two English Model Question Paper Set 1 with Answers

Board	SCERT
Class	Plus Two
Subject	English
Category	Plus Two Previous Year Question Papers

Time: 2^1/2 Hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum: 80 Score

General Instructions to Candidates:

• There is a ‘cool off-time’ of 15 minutes and a writing time of 2^1/2 hours.
• You are not allowed to write your answers or to discuss anything with others during the cool-off time’.
• Read questions carefully before answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examina­tion Hall.

(Questions 1 – 3) Read the Excerpt from ‘Matchbox’ and answer the questions that follow.

“An indigent widow, without husband or son, she was successful in consigning her daughter to a wealthy family’s house on the strength of looks alone. But the good lady has never stopped taking credit, at the slightest opportunity, for her skill in the matter”

Question 1.
‘Indigent’in the excerpt means ……… (1)
Answer:
Poor or destitute

Question 2.
How could she send her daughter to a wealthy family? (1)
Answer:
She could send her daughter to a wealthy family because of the beauty of her daughter.

Question 3.
Why did it say that she never stopped taking credit? (1)
Answer:
She is a widow and had no sons. Still, she could marry off her daughter to a wealthy family. So she has never stopped taking credit.

Question 4.
Bring out the message of the following lines from the poem ‘Stammer’ by Satchidanandan
“When a whole people stammer becomes their mother tongue;
Just as it is with us now”. (3)
Answer:
The poet considers stammer as a sacrifice to the God of meanings. Unknowingly we make a sacrifice to a language by giving a different utterance to it. If all people stammer, it will become an accepted practice and a common phenomenon in society. It would even develop as the mother tongue of the people.

Question 5.
It has been decided to conduct a debate in your school on the topic ‘Women deserve equality and not reservation?’ Write one point to support the topic and one point to counter it. (2)
Answer:
For – Equality would enable all the talented women to show their skills and flourish in various domains. Against – Equality without any reservation may become a stumbling block to women from entering certain fields as it may limit their opportunities.

Question 6.
Edit the following Notice for errors (4)

Answer:
Students are requested to register their names for participating in the Mr. and Ms.Kerala competition. Registration forms are available from the cultural Forum Office. The closing date for registration is 20 March 2018. The event will take place ]n the school auditorium, on Friday, 23 March.

Question 7.
An inter school Badminton singles match is being hosted by your school. You have been selected as the announcer. Prepare the announcement script to introduce the match and the players. (3)
Answer:
Good morning dear friends,
Welcome to you all to the very exciting Badminton Singles match final being conducted in our school in connection with our Annual Sports Meet. Binoy and Vincent Roy representing SNHSS and GHSS Mavelikkara are to fight for the Badminton singles title 2018. The official scorer of the game is Mr. Daniel and Mr.Vineeth Mohan will be in the pitch counter. The judges are Mr. Ravi Kumar and Mr. John Varghese. Our two referees will be Mr.Roy and Mr.Mevin Jose. We also have our SPC and NSS teams working as volunteers and as table monitors, cheer up crew and snacks suppliers.

Please don’t stand near the court and don’t block the view of our audience. Be assured that we are going to get a feast for our eyes.

Let’s enjoy the match with its splendour. Wish our sports participants a grand success!

Question 8.
The poem ‘Mending wall’ presents the paradox in ‘Something there is that doesn’t love a wall’ and ‘good fences make good neighbours.’ Both seem to be equally true but contrasting points of view. Substantiate your own view on this. (4)
Answer:
The poet is of the view that man builds walls between their properties for convenience, but nature doesn’t like a wall. He finds no reason for the wall as it blocks the communication between the speaker and the neighbour. He stresses universal brotherhood. But the neighbour is sticking to the tradition. So he says – good fences make good neighbours. It shows that the neighbour likes his privacy and his own space. Actually, the annual act of mending wall provides an opportunity for them to interact or communicate with each other and develop their relationship.

(Questions 9 – 13) Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.

The issue of road accidents requires serious attention. Day by day, it is becoming a matter of great concern. Call it the negligence of the government or the rashness of the drivers, the underlying fact is that at the end of the day, the common man is the one who suffers the most. The commoner, driving a two-wheeler or walking along the side, who is hit by a speeding car, even though following the traffic rules, has nowhere to go to seek redressal for the grievances or injury.

Part of the problem lies in the attitude and mentality of the driver behind the steering wheel. The car is a personal vehicle and one possesses the freedom to drive it at one’s own will. But one must understand that the road on which one drives is open to the public. This blurring of the division between the public and the private leads to reckless behaviour on the roots. A little consideration for road rules and the adoption of simple safety measures can go a long way in reducing road accidents.

Question 9.
Suggest a suitable title to the passage. (1)
Answer:
Road safety, Need of the hour

Question 10.
Why does the common man suffer in instances of road accidents? (2)
Answer:
Because of the rashness of drivers and the negligence of the government

Question 11.
Find out the word which means ‘making unclear’, from the passage. (1)
Answer:
Blurring

Question 12.
Give two solutions for reducing road accidents. (2)
Answer:
Lawbreakers should be punished severely and their license can be cancelled.

Traffic rules should be made more strict and traffic squads must be present in the black spots for checking rash driving in such areas.

Question 13.
Prepare notes based on the above passage in the format. (2)
1. Reasons for road accidents
1.1 negligence of the government
1.2 …………

2. The driver should
2.1 understand ……….
2.2 follow road rules
Answer:
1.2 rashness of the drivers
2.1 that road is for the public

Question 14.
The following is a conversation among the postal assistant, the policeman and the farmer in the post office of ‘Post Early for Christmas’, when the parcel was suspected to be a time-bomb.
Assistant : It’s a time-bomb, constable
Police man : Bert Higgins. Have you been up to some more of your mischief?
Farmer : Look here, constable, there’s a time-bomb in that parcel
Policeman : Don’t talk nonsense, sir,
Fanner : Very well, the, listen for yourself.
Later Bert Higgins reported the scene to his friends. This is how he began his report:
The assistant told the constable that it was a time-bomb …………. Complete Bert’s report. (4)
Answer:
The assistant told the constable that it was a time-bomb. The police man then asked me whether I had been up to some more of my mischief. But the farmer told the constable that there was a time-bomb in that parcel. The policeman warned him not to talk nonsense. The farmer replied sarcastically that he should listen for himself.

(Questions 15 – 19) Answer any four questions. Each question carries 5 scores.

Question 15.
A teacher is a mentor and has great role in moulding the personality of a child. Analyse the character of the teacher in the story ‘Crime and Punishment’ by R.K. Narayan.
Answer:
The story is about a teacher-student relationship. The pranks of the boy made the teacher lose his patience. He lost his control and committed the crime of slapping the boy on his cheek. The teacher failed to manage the boy as he desired. When the boy asks him to repair the train, he gets desperate. At last, the teacher decides to reveal the matter to the boy’s parents because he thinks that it is better than blackmailing the boy. But, when the parents enquire about the boy’s studies at the end, the teacher replies that the child would be alright except for the table of 16. He felt confident that the boy would not give him up.

The teacher trusts the boy much. Whatever may be the attitude of the boy, the teacher hopes for the best from him and believes he would change his attitude. A teacher always aims at the success of his students and his trust, care and love for students are idealized in the role played by the teacher in the story.

Question 16.
You are a participant in a Group Discussion on the topic ‘India needs more job creators than job seekers’. What arguments would you raise? Draft the script for your presentation in about 80 words.
Answer:
Good morning, everybody!
India is becoming a very highly developed country. It has freedom, and development and it has strengthened itself in many fields like arts, literature, science and technology, economic and military power too. It is seen that most of our talented youth are working abroad. With the increase in technology and scientific advancements, the demand for skilled workers who can contribute to the industrial sector or manufacturing units are still on the rise.

If the young generation entrepreneurs are coming up, it is sure that manifold job opportunities would be created for the needy ones. The new generation has smart ideas and different perspectives and innovations helpful for the people as well as the nation. India, as an agrarian nation, it can make a revolution if the job seekers turn to be job creators.Then we can turn to be a prime nation for research, production and economic development.

Question 17.
In the essay The Three L’s of Empowerment’, Christine Lagarde suggests various means of empowering women. Write a paragraph on the 3 L’s of empowerment suggested by her.
Answer:
Christine Lagarde recommends 3Ls for the empowerment of women. The 3Ls are learning, labour and leadership. Learning, the key to women empowerment, will enable them to realize their power and break the chains of discrimination. Labour would promote per capita income. She upholds equal pay for equal work and stresses the merit of gender equality.

Leadership will enable women to rise and with their inborn abilities and talents achieve great things. She is optimistic in women’s power of making good decisions with the common agreement and long-term sustainability. She emphasizes that women should be ready to face challenges and it will make all the difference. According to her, the 3Ls would lead to the empowerment of nations by empowering their women.

Question 18.
You are fascinated by the innovative ventures undertaken by Irfan Alam, and decide to invite him to your school for a career orientation talk. Write an email to him inviting him to talk to the students and teachers of your school.
Answer:
From
The Principal
Crescent Public School
Mala, Pin: 680 310

To
Irfan Alam
Sammaa N Foundation
Kalina, Mumbai
Pin : 580 010 18.08.2018

Dear sir,
Sub: Invitation to deliver a lecture

We are really proud of your venture SammaaN Foundation as it has uplifted the lives of many people especially rickshaw pullers.

It gives us immense pleasure to learn that the innovative ventures undertaken by you are helping the rickshaw pullers as it would benefit them as well as the society. It is sure, if the present generation gains more knowledge on latent opportunities and develops entrepreneurship skills accordingly, it can uplift our society. We strongly believe that by being experienced in this Venture, you are the apt person to inspire the new generation, to make them you aspire for greater things.

Hence sir, we invite you to our institution. We, the student and the teaching community, would be privileged if you spare some time to come for motivating the budding entrepreneurs with a career orientation talk. We will arrange a session at our school according to your convenience.
Thanking you,

Yours Sincerely,
Nithin Babu

Question 19.
In ‘Horegallu’, Sudha Murthy shows how a burden of troubles can be relieved by talking to a good listener. Comment on the suitability of the title ‘Horegallu’
Answer:
Horegallu means a stone that can hold weight. Sudha Murthy says that the burden of troubles can be relieved by talking to a good listener. As it is said in the anecdote, it refreshes the tired man. It helps him to regain his strength. When our problems are shared, it gives mental relief even though it won’t get us any solution. Similarly, when one takes rest during a journey, it revives and refreshes him. Thus it gives physical relief. So it can be said that horegallu is a relief in all ways and the title is suitable.

(Questions 20 – 22) Answer any two questions. Each question carries 6 scores.

Question 20.
Drug addiction is a problem that is increasing steadily in our society today. Prepare a write up in about 200 words on the physical consequences and the social impact of Drug Abuse.
Answer:

DRUG ABUSE

Many people abuse drugs for some temporary pleasure without realizing how dangerous drug abuse can be. Drug abuse has both mental and physical impacts. The drug addict experiences sensory deprivation. He ba$ a general feeling of physical discomfort and there are personality changes in him. the addict feels depressed. He fails to respond to his environment or to other people. His mental disturbance can be like paranoia.

The addict knows he has a problem but he does not know what the cause for it is. He looks at external objects with suspicion. Anything outside scares him and draws further and further into himself. There are also drug related physical disorders. Dry needles and solutions used for injecting drugs can cause abscesses in the arms and veins. They can cause liver disease, venereal diseases and infection of the kidney and brain. Sniffing cocaine and amphetamines can damage the tissue of the nose.

Marijuana and tobacco smoking can cause lung diseases. Babies of women who are addicted to opiates are likely to be born addicted and suffer from withdrawal symptoms. Cocaine and amphetamines cause hair fall. Marijuana can damage cells. A drug addict can easily get pneumonia, tuberculosis, malnutrition and weight loss. An overdose of any sensual drug can cause respiratory or cardiac failure and death.

Question 21.
An anti-corruption campaign is being conducted in your school. You are asked to deliver a speech. Draft a speech on the topic “Corruption: the curse that ruins society.”
Answer:

CORRUPTION THAT RUINS THE SOCIETY

Respected Principal, my dear teachers, and friends, The word corruption comes from the Latin word ‘corruptus’ which has something to do with abuse or destroy. It now means dishonest or illegal behaviour. In philosophical, theological or moral discussions, corruption is spiritual or moral impurity or deviation from an ideal. We often use this word in matters related to economy. Corruption is payment for services which a person has to get free in the normal course of law. This may be called bribery or kickback.

But it is known by different names in different countries. Small bribes are called ‘baksheesh’ in the Middle East, ‘For petrol’ in some African countries, ‘for tea’ in India. Small scale corruption is worse in developing countries than in developed countries. In the government office we often have to pay bribes even to get small things done. Go to the local government office for a birth certificate, death certificate, income certificate or something of that kind.

You won’t easily get them unless you are ready to pay the official who issues the certificate. In Kerala corruption is worst, people say, in the Registration offices and Transport offices. To get a property registered, to get a driving license, etc., you end up bribing the officials responsible for doing that work, If you don’t bribe them they will make you go to the office a number of times and you will end up spending more money on transport and other things if you are coming from a distant place.

Corruption is a universal phenomenon. I have heard people saying that in the Scandinavian countries like Sweden, Norway and Denmark and in some European countries like Switzerland there is less corruption. At one time China was reputed to be with less corruption but things have changed there now. Kerala, which is reputed to be God’s own country, is a den of corrupt officials who will ask for a bribe for everything. If you don’t wear a helmet while riding your bike or a seat belt while driving, you can always hope to get away by giving the officer a small bribe. Recently the nation was shocked by stories of huge corruption.

The 2-G spectrum scam, the Adarsh flat scam, the coal-field scam, etc., involve millions of rupees and big politicians and bureaucrats. People are corrupt because of their insatiable greed. Some people say you can make government officials free from corruption by giving them adequate salaries and other benefits. But the question is how much is ‘adequate’?

I am not a pessimist by nature. But somehow I feel that corruption will stay with man because of his nature to acquire more and more and it can’t be eradicated completely. Anna Hazare and Baba Ramdev are trying to free India from corruption. I think theirs is a fond dream.

Question 22.
The following is an advertisement that came in a leading newspaper. You are qualified to apply for the same. Prepare a job application letter and a resume to apply for the post.

Answer:
Name
Address

To
The Director
Ethihad Airways
Abudhabi
Date:

Sir,
In response to your advertisement in The Hindu dated 10/03/2018, I would like to apply for the post of Onboard Food and Beverage Manager in your firm. As far as my qualification, I have passed Bachelor’s Degree in Hotel Management from MG University. I have 3 years of experience in the same field. I enclose my CV and relevant certificates for your further consideration.

Sir, I assure you, if selected, I will do my best to your entire satisfaction.

Yours sincerely,
Name

(Questions 23 – 25) Answer any two questions. Each question carries 8 Scores.

Question 23.
An Essay Writing Competition is being conducted in your school in connection with the Environment Day celebrations. Write an essay on the environmental crisis, suggesting possible measures to overcome it.
Answer:
In recent times many environmental problems have increased as a result of human activities which induce many undesirable effects on the environment which can be threatening to human health, economic and natural resources.

Earth is home to million of species. The global human ecosystem is getting affected by various factors like climate change, pollution, land contamination, ozone depletion, soil erosion, degradation, habitat loss etc. If the earth is to remain a supportive habitat for humans and other species, then there should be an immediate solution to this. Hence there should be an awareness of the need for conserving natural resources and resultant loss due to its exploitation. Overpopulation is putting greater pressure on essential natural resources leading to a struggle for existence.

As a remedy to this global illness, certain measures can be adopted to reduce its intensity. For example, fossil fuels can be replaced with renewable energy. Overgrazing, monoculture planting, overexposure to pollutants, and other such factors aggravate soil damage. Crop rotation would be a savior here.

Initiatives from the School level would propagate this mission easily. Distributing seeds and saplings for Kitchen garden, bio-gas plants, herbal garden, seed bank, maintaining vermin-composing pits and constructing water harvesting structure, etc., would enable us to preserve natural resources for our posterity. Moreover, environment-friendly technology should be adopted. Renewable energy resources would enhance ecological balance and industrial growth also.

Question 24.
You are deputed to cover the boxing match between Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas for a local newspaper. Prepare a news report giving emphasis to the climax of the contest.
Answer:
Golden Gloves Championship Tournament Selection Square Park, 7 Aug: Feliz Vargas and Antonio Cruz, the well-known boxing champions fought each other in the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament Selection match to find out who will represent their town.

The fight was at Tompkins Square Park. The square was filled with people. Both the contestants appeared on the stage and the crowd cheered them up. They bowed gracefully and raised their arms. The match started. During the rounds, both took some heavy blows and sustained damage. At the end of the final round, the boys fought so intensely that they did not hear the bell. The crowd was uneasy, fearing further violence.

However, when the referee was about to announce the winner, they had already left the ring and their friendship restored. The game showed that they care more about their friendship than they care about winning the match. It was really a match with good sporting spirit and a display of true friendship as well.

Question 25.
Read the following poem and prepare an appreciation of it, comparing it with ‘Any woman’ by Katherine Tynan.

Mother O’ Mine
– Rudyard Kipling-

If I were hanged on the highest hill,
Mother O’ mine, O mother O’ mine!
I know whose love would follow me still,
Mother O’mine, O mother O’mine.

If I were drowned in the deepest sea,
Mother O’mine, O mother O’mine
I know whose tears would come down to me,
Mother O’ mine, O mother O’ mine!

If I were damned of body and soul,
I know whose prayers would make me whole,
Mother O’ mine, O mother O’ mine!
Answer:
“Mother O’ Mine” by Rudyard Kipling speaks of the exceptional love of a mother. If the poet is hanged on the highest hill, his mother would follow him to that height. If he was drowned in the deepest sea, his mother’s tears would go down to him. If his body and soul were damned, it would be the prayers of the mother that would save him.

No one in the world is comparable to a mother and her love for her child. | “Any Woman” by Katherine Tynan shows the importance of the mother. She is the pillar of the house. She is the keystone of the arch, if you take her away, the roof and the wall will fall down. She is the fire upon the hearth, She is the light of the sun. She is the heat that warms the sun. The children get their warmth from her.

She is the light if their love. Without her, the children would not thrive. She holds the children together. She is the wall that protects the children from all kinds of dangers. She constantly prays to God to keep her alive until her children are grown up.

Both poems celebrate the importance of mothers. There are apt personifications in both poems. There is also hyperbole in both of them. There is also repetition in ^eth. Both are short and sweet. Between the two, I prefer Mother O’ Mine by Kipling.