By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 9 Towards Equality Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.
Class 5 Social Science Chapter 9 Towards Equality Notes Questions and Answers
Class 5 Social Science Chapter 9 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus
Question 1.
What could be the reasons for the difference in income between families?
Answer:
- People who work in different jobs earn different amounts of money.
- Families with higher education and special skills can often get better-paying jobs.
- People in big cities often earn more because jobs in those areas pay more compared to small towns.
Question 2.
By reading the thoughts of Neenu and Vickey after returning from Peeli’s Village, list out the source of income of both the families.
Answer:
| Source of family income of Neenu | Source of family income of Vickey |
| Lease | Business |
| Government job | Pension from government |
Question 3.
The table shown below gives an approximate estimate of the monthly income of both families.
| Family | Monthly Income (approx.) |
| Vicky | 3,00,000 – 5,00,000 (between three lakh and five lakh) |
| Neenu | 1,00,000 – 3,00,000 (between one lakh and three lakh) |
Is the income of the two families the same?
Answer:
No
Question 4.
The table shown below gives the approximate monthly income of various families in a panchayath. Observe the table and identify the family with the highest income and the one with the lowest income.
| Family | Monthly Income (approx.) |
| A | 4,00,000 – 5,00,000 (between four lakh and five lakh) |
| B | 3,00,000-4,00,000 (between three lakh and four lakh) |
| C | 2,00,000-3,00,000 (between two lakh and three lakh) |
| D | 1,00,000-2,00,000 (between one lakh and two lakh) |
| E | 50,000-1,00,000 (between fifty thousand and one lakh) |
| F | 25,000-50,000 (between twenty-five thousand and fifty thousand) |
| G | 10,000-25,000 (between ten thousand and twenty five thousand) |
Answer:
- Family with the highest income – A
- Family with the lowest income – G
Question 5.
Discuss the extent of influence of family income in meeting the needs of your family.
Answer:
Family income has a big influence on meeting a family’s needs. A higher income helps cover basics like food, shelter, clothing, and healthcare more easily. It also allows families to afford better education, entertainment, and savings for the future. With less income, families may need to prioritise essentials and make careful choices about spending. So, the more income a family has, the easier it is to meet both basic needs and extra wants.
Question 6.
What kind of inequalities are mentioned in inter dining, Upper cloth protest, Ayyankali- Panchamim Memorial school?
Answer:
- Lack of opportunity to dine together
- Inequality in dress
- Denial of Education
Question 7.
Why did people from certain social groups have to face discrimination? Do similar situations exist in society? Discuss.
Answer:
People from certain social groups have faced discrimination because of unfair beliefs and stereotypes about them. This means that people judge them based on things like their skin colour, religion, language, gender, or social background instead of who they truly are. Such discrimination led to fewer opportunities for jobs, education, and fair treatment. Even today, similar situations can exist. Some people still face unfair treatment because of who they are or where they come from. However, many people and organisations are working hard to reduce discrimination and create a fairer society for everyone.
Question 8.
Discuss the causes leading to social inequality and the factors influencing them in your class and make notes.
Answer:
Social inequality happens when people don’t have the same opportunities or resources. This can be caused by differences in education, as not everyone has access to good schools. Jobs and income also play a role, as some jobs pay more than others, and people with less income may struggle to get what they need. Discrimination is another cause where some people are treated unfairly because of things like their skin colour, religion, or background. Health issues can also make it harder for people to have the same chances as others. Additionally, where people live can affect their access to services, good jobs, and education. All these factors together influence social inequality.
Question 9.
Shanti is studying in class 5. Her family consists of father, mother, sister and brother. Being in the coastal area, they live in fear when the sea gets rough. The biggest problem they face is the absence of a safe and secure home.
Akash and his family live in a hilly area. It is difficult for Akash and his sisters to go to school due to inadequate transport facilities.
Consider the above two scenarios. What are the problems they face?
Answer:
Lack of security
Lack of basic amenities
Question 10.
Find and discuss, in the class, the opportunities and schemes that help to uplift the students educationally, address their backwardness and reduce inequality.
Answer:
Scholarships and Financial Aid: Many governments, NGOs, and companies provide scholarships and financial help for students who can’t afford school or college fees.
Free or Low-Cost Education: Public schools often offer free or low-fee education, and some countries even provide free university education to reduce inequality.
Extra Learning Support: Remedial classes, tutoring programs, and special grants help students who need extra academic help due to educational gaps.
Access to Digital Resources: Programs provide free or low-cost online courses, laptops, and internet » access to students who lack these resources.
Question 11.
Conduct interviews with elected representatives of local self-governments to gather more information about Life Mission, Theeramythri, Kaivalya, Vidyavahini.
Answer:
To interview local government leaders about programs like Life Mission, Theeramythri, Kaivalya, and Vidyavahini, follow these steps:
Find the Right Person: Look for leaders in your area, like a panchayath president or council member, who know about these programs.
Prepare Simple Questions:
Life Mission: “How does this program help people find homes?”
Theeramythri: “How does it support women starting businesses?”
Kaivalya: “How does this help with mental health and well-being?”
Vidyavahini: “How does this improve education?”
Ask About Their Work: Find out how they help run these programs and any challenges they face. Take Notes: Write down their answers or record with permission to remember important details.
Thank Them: After the interview, thank them for sharing information about these important programs.
Question 12.
Complete the table given below.
Answer:
| Projects | Beneficiaries | Features |
| Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme |
Those who have completed 18 years of age in the rural area. | Each family is provided with a maximum of 100 days of employment in a financial year. |
| Life Mission | Low-income families, Homeless people, and people living in poor housing | Provide house |
| Vidhyavahini | Children in the Scheduled Castes category | It provides better learning resources, ensuring that all students, especially in rural areas, have access to quality education. |
| Theeramaithri | Fisherwomen | Economic and socisl uplift of fisherwomen. |
| Kaivalya | Differently abled persons between the ages of 21 and 55 years | Equality of opportunity |
Extended Activities
Question 1.
Identify the various schemes and their objectives implemented by the Central/State Governments to materialise socio-economic equality in post-independent India. Note them in a chart and display in the class.
Answer:
| SCHEMES | YEAR | AIM/OBJECTIVE |
| Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) | 2005 | Provides 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in rural areas. |
| Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) | 2001 | Promotes financial inclusion by opening bank accounts for all. |
| Mid-day Meal Scheme | 2016 | Provides free meals in schools to improve nutrition and attendance. |
Question 2.
Conduct a seminar on ‘Socio-Economic Inequalities and National Development.’ Sub-topics to be covered in the seminar: Social inequality, economic inequality, reasons for inequality.
Answer:
“Socio-Economic Inequalities and National Development”
Social Inequality: Some people don’t have the same chances as others because of their background, like caste or gender. This can make life unfair for many.
Economic Inequality: This is when wealth isn’t shared equally. Some people have a lot, while others have very little. This can lead to poverty.
Reasons for Inequality:
Lack of education
Poverty
Social discrimination
Few job opportunities in rural areas
Impact on the Nation: When people don’t have equal chances, it holds the whole country back. If everyone has the same opportunities, the country can grow stronger and happier.
Question 3.
Organise public awareness programmes under the auspices of the Social Science Club by preparing placards, posters, etc., of the schemes implemented by the government to resolve socio-economic inequalities.
Answer:
Make placards and posters with the help of elders, such as the examples given below.
- “End social inequality.”
- “The rich and the poor are no longer there-we are a country.”
- “Economic equality is national progress.”
Class 5 Social Science Towards Equality Notes Questions and Answers
Question 1.
What are the reasons for the difference in family income?
Answer:
The reasons for the difference in family income are mainly in two ways. Difference in Income from employment
Difference in the sources of income
Question 2.
According to Chinnu, families can be divided into three categories based on the availability of income. Do you agree with this statement?
Answer:
Yes, I agree with this statement. Generally, families can be classified into three groups based on their income. They are: Families with an amount of high income, Families with an amount of moderate income, Families with an amount of low income.
Question 3.
When does inequality form in a society?
Answer:
Inequality occurs when the available resources in a society are not distributed equally.
Question 4.
Define the terms?
a) Social Inequality
b) Economic Inequality
Answer:
a) Social Inequality:
Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities and status within a society. Social inequality manifests itself in various forms, such as inequality in income and wealth, lack of access to education and healthcare, discrimination based on race and gender and unequal representation in political and social institutions. The Government formulates policies aimed at promoting equality, justice, and equal opportunities for all members of society to address social inequality.
b) Economic Inequality:
Economic inequality refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, income or resources among individuals or groups in a society. This often leads to inequalities of access to opportunities, education, employment, healthcare and political power. Governments seek to address economic inequality through implementing various policies and initiatives aimed at a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities.
Question 5.
Define the struggle of the women of Travancore in the early 19th century.
Answer:
The Upper Cloth Protest was led by the women of South Travancore from the beginning of the nineteenth century for the right to use upper cloth as part of their dress. After a series of protests, the Travancore Government proclaimed the right to wear any dress for everyone, irrespective of caste or religion, according to their will and pleasure. However, many were not able to wear their favourite clothes due to the customs imposed by the caste system.
Question 6.
What are the scholarships that students get for educational purposes?
Answer:
A number of scholarships have been introduced for students for educational purposes. They are:
- Pre-Matric Scholarship
- Post-Matric Scholarship
- Merit Scholarship
- T.H. Muhammed Koya Scholarship
Question 7.
What is the aim of the Vidyavahini project?
Answer:
Vidyavahini is a project to provide transportation facilities for tribal students to go to school. This scheme is implemented to ensure transportation facility for students who belong to the tribal. communities and to prevent dropouts.
Question 8.
Write the difference between The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) and the Life Mission Scheme.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: The scheme ensures unskilled physical employment for not less than 100 days in a financial year to any family residing in rural areas. Its beneficiaries are individuals above 18 years old. It is a poverty alleviation scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.
Life Mission: The objective of the complete housing scheme (LIFE) is to provide a safe and decent housing system in Kerala for all the landless, homeless people with homes that have not been fully constructed and those whose existing houses are not fit to live in. This is a scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.
Question 9.
Fill in the blanks.
Answer:
a) The project is being implemented by the Government of Kerala for the educational advancement of children in the coastal areas…………
b) ………. is a scheme implemented by the Government of Kerala to provide nutritious food to pregnant women and mothers belonging to the tribal communities.
Answer:
a) Prathibhatheeram
b) Janani Janmaraksha
Question 10.
Write a note on Welfare pensions.
Answer:
The governments implement various schemes for the uplift of the people who face inequality. Central and State governments have been implementing various schemes to provide food, shelter, education, healthcare, and other basic facilities to all sections of people.
Question 11.
What are the various welfare pensions implemented by the government?
Answer:
Various welfare pensions implemented by the governments:
- Agriculture Labour Pension
- Old Age Pension
- Women Pension Schemes
- Disability Pensions
Question 12.
Make a note of the various schemes given below.
a) MGNREGP
b) Kaivalya
c) Vidhyavahini
Answer:
a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: The scheme ensures unskilled physical employment for not less than 100 days in a financial year to any family residing in rural areas. Its beneficiaries are individuals above 18 years old. It is a poverty alleviation scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.
b) Kaivalya: This is a rehabilitation scheme implemented by the Government of Kerala for the differently abled job seekers. The objectives of this project consist of equality of opportunity and social inclusion.
c) Vidyavahini: Vidyavahini is a project to provide transportation facilities for tribal students to go to school. This scheme is implemented to ensure transportation facilities for students who belong to the tribal communities and to prevent dropouts.
Towards Equality Class 5 Notes Pdf
- The reasons for the difference in family income are mainly in two ways:
Difference in Income from employment
Difference in the sources of income - Based on the nature of employment, the income from it varies.
- Families can be classified into three groups based on their income: Families with an amount of high income, Families with an amount of moderate income, Families with an amount of low income.
- The inequality in employment and income leads to the economic inequality in the society.
- Inequality occurs when the available resources in a society are not distributed equally.
- Inequalities can be classified into social inequalities and economic inequalities.
- If there is a difference in wealth, income, assets, salary, etc., in a society, it is called economic inequality.
- Inequality in employment and income leads to economic inequality in society.
- Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of power, status, and resources among individuals and groups in a society.
- The governments implement various schemes for the uplift of the people who face inequality.
- Central and State governments have been implementing various schemes to provide food, shelter, education, healthcare, and other basic facilities to all sections of people.
- The governments implement various schemes for the uplift of the people who face inequality.
- A subsidy is a financial benefit or support provided by the government to individuals or institutions as per criteria.
- Vidyavahini is a project to provide transportation facilities for tribal students to go to school.
- Life Mission scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.