By reviewing Kerala Syllabus SCERT Class 6 Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Towards South Indian History Important Questions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.
Towards South Indian History Extra Questions and Answers Class 6 Social Science Chapter 8 Kerala Syllabus
Towards South Indian History Class 6 Important Questions
Question 1.
Sangam Literature is the main historical source providing information about ancient Tamizhakam.
(a) Who is the author of “Tirukural”?
i. Thiruvalluvar
ii. Iiango Adigai
iii. Chithalai Chathanar
iv. Avvaiyar
Answer:
i. Thiruvalluvar
(b) Which Tamil epic tells the story of Kannaki and Kovalan?
Answer:
Silappadikaram
(c) Define Sangam Age.
Answer:
The period in which the “Sangham works” were composed is called the “Sangha period”.
Question 2.
Megalithic Monuments that made of huge stones or stone slabs they are called Megalithic Monuments.
(a) Write some Megalithic Monuments in South India.
Answer:
Kudakkallu (umbrella stone), Thoppikkallu (cap stone), and Muniyaras (dolmens)
(b) Define Iron Age.
Answer:
Numerous iron tools were found from Megalithic monuments, this period is also known as the Iron Age.
Question 3.
Complete the flowchart.
Answer:
(a) Kurumtokai
(b) Akananuru
(c) Pathittupathu
Question 4.
There are many historical sources that provide information about ancient Tamizhakam.
(a) Mention some sources of information about ancient Tamizhaka.
Answer:
Pazhamthamizhpattukal, Coins, Travelogues and Inscriptions,
(b) Which Tamil literary works, apart from Sangam literature, give information about ancient Tamizhakam?
Answer:
Tirukural’, ‘Silappadikaram’, and ‘Manimekalai
(c) How are Sangam literary works generally classified? Explain.
Answer:
- Sangam works are generally classified into two Akam songs and Puram songs.
- The Akam songs refer to the family life and social life. The Puram songs refer to the economic, political and military life.
Question 5.
The evidences of the Megalithic Age are found in most parts of South India.
(a) Which are the important Megalithic sites in South India?
Answer:
Marayoor, Cheramanangad, Kuppakkolli and Mangad in Kerala, Adichanallur in Tamil Nadu, Brahmagiri in Karnataka, and Nagaijunakonda in Andhra Pradesh.
(b) Which states and Union Territories are included in South India?
Answer:
Indian states: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana Union Territories: Puducherry and Lakshadweep.
(c) Name the things buried with remains of the dead.
Answer:
Ornaments, Weapons, Tools, Vessels, and Coins
Question 6.
Ancient Tamil songs have references to the social life, agriculture, cattle rearing, salt extraction, and the exchange of goods.
(a) Differentiate the features of the socio-economic life during the Sangam Age.
Answer:
| Social life | Economic life |
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(b) Who were the rulers of ancient Tamizhakam?
Answer:
The Chera, Chola and Pandya who ruled ancient Tamizhakam were collectively known as ‘Muvendar’ or ‘Muvarasar’. Although many ruling powers existed in Tamizhakam, the Muvendar had an authoritative position. These kings were referred to as Ko, Kon, and Kadumko.
Question 7.
The lifestyle and livelihoods of the people in each Tinai varied according to its geographical features.
(a) Define Aintinais.
(b) Complete the table.
| Tinais | Geographical Features | Means of Livelihood |
| Kurinchi | ….(i)…. | Collection of forest produce, hunting |
| Mullai | Grasslands, bushes | —(ii) |
| (iii) | Arid region | Robbery and plunder |
| Marutham | Agricultural field | (iv)…. |
Answer:
(a) Sangam works mention five geographical divisions based on its terrain which existed in ancient Tamizhakam. These are known as ‘Aintinais’.
(b) i. Forest, Mountain
ii. Cattle rearing
iii. Palai
iv. Agriculture
Question 8.
In ancient Tamizhagam, people in each Tinai exchanged resources.
(a) What were the trade centres called?
Answer:
Angadis (Markets)
(b) How were ‘Allalavanam’ and ‘Nalangadi’ markets different from each other?
Answer:
Allalavanam: Evening markets
Nalangadi: Daytime markets
Question 9.
After the Sangam Age, the regions which were under the control of the Cheras later came under the Perumal rule.
(a) Which was the centre of administration of the Perumals?
(b) What titles did the kings of Mahodayapuram adopt?
(c) Who were the prominent rulers of Mahodayapuram?
Answer:
(a) Mahodayapuram (Makotai), near present-day Kodungallur.
(b) Perumal. Cheraman and Kulasekhara.
(c) Ramarajasekharan. Sthanu Ravi, Indukotha, and Bhaskara Ravi
Question 10.
In the 9th century CE, Perumal rule was established.
(a) Arrange the administrative units in the correct order from highest to lowest.
(Karas, Nadus,Perumal, Desam)
Answer:
Perumal → Nadus → Desam → Karas
(b) There was a strong economic foundation during the reign of Perumals. Prepare a note.
Answer:
Along with agriculture, trade also flourished during that period. The spice trade with foreign countries and the customs duties (taxes) collected through ports, resulted in the economic changes in the Perumal kingdom. The commercial activities of trading groups like Anchuvannam, Manigramam, Valanjiar, and Nanadesikal, which were prevalent throughout South India at that time, helped the economic development in this region.
Question 11.
During the Perumal rule, there were significant changes in the cultural sphere as well,
(a) Complete the flowchart.
Answer:
- Temples emerged as the core of cultural life as they were the centres of agrarian villages.
- The caste system emerged as people continued the same occupation traditionally from birth.
- Architecture, sculpture, painting, instrumental music, dance, and music, flourished around temples.
- Ritualistic arts like Koothu and Koodiyattam also developed during this period.
Question 12.
The emergence of independent and autonomous Naduvazhi Swaroopams significantly altered the socio-economic and political structures of medieval Kerala.
(a) The System that controlled the socio-economic and political spheres in medieval Kerala.
Answer:
Janmi System
(b) Complete the concept map including the major Naduvazhi Swaroopams.
Answer:
i. Kolathunadu
ii. Nediyiruppu
iii. Perumpadappu
iv. Trippappur
Question 13.
The princely states that evolved from the Naduvazhi Swaroopams were unified to form the modern state of Kerala.
(a) Which of the following is not related to Naduvazhi Swaroopams?
i. With the expansion of Naduvazhi rule, the Janmi system (landlordism) became widespread.
ii. Joint families based on the ‘Marumakkathayam’ system controlled the ‘Swaroopams’.
iii. Swaroopams were self-governing regions that existed based on the ‘Makkathayam’ system.
iv. The rise of Naduvazhi Swaroopams was the result of expansion of the Janmi System.
Answer:
iii. Swaroopams were self-governing regions that existed based on the Makkathayam System.
(b) What is the main difference between the Makkathayam and Marumakkathayam systems of inheritance?
Answer:
Makkathayam is the system of inheritance from father to children whereas Marumakkathayam was a system by which right of inheritance was passed to the sons of the sister in the family.
(c) During whose reign did Venad develop into a powerful princely state called Travancore?
Answer:
Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma
d) Who transformed the Perumpadappu Swaroopam into the Kochi kingdom?
Answer:
Sakthan Thampuran
Question 14.
(a) Examine the given details about major Naduvazhi Swaroopams and arrange them in the table correctly.
- The ruler was known as ‘Kolathiri’
- It was later known as the Kochi Royal Family
- The ruler was known as ‘Samoothiri’ (Zamorin)
- Later it evolved into the powerful princely state of Travancore
Answer:
| Kolathunadu Swaroopam | Nediyiruppu Swaroopam | Perumpadappu Swaroopam | Trippappur Swaroopam |
| The ruler was known as ‘Kolathiri’ | The ruler was known as ’Samoothiri’ (Zamorin) | It was later known as the Kochi Royal Family | Later it evolved into the powerful princely state of Travancore |
((b) Write some of the reforms introduced by Marthanda Varma and Sakthan Thampuran.
Answer:
| Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma | Sakthan Thampuran |
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