Kerala Plus One Geography Question Paper June 2022 with Answers

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Kerala Plus One Geography Previous Year Question Paper June 2022

Time : 2 Hours
Total Scores : 60

Section – A

Answer any eight questions from 1 to 11. Each carries 2 scores. (8 × 2 = 16)

Question 1.
Identify the four branches of biogeography.
Answer:
a. Cultural Geography
b. Biogeography
c. Economic Geography
d. Zoogeography

Question 2.
Name any two countries in the Indian Sub-continent other than India.
Answer:
a. Pakistan
b. Nepal
c. Bhutan
d. Bangladesh

Question 3.
List the primary forces that influence the Ocean Currents.
Answer:
a. Unequal distribution of land and water.
b. Wind
c. Ocean Currents
d. Influence of the Land

Question 4.

Pressure System	Pressure condition at the centre	Wind direction in Northern Hemisphere	Wind direction in Southern Hemisphere
Cyclone	(a)	Anti-clockwise	(b)
(c)	High	Clockwise	(d)

Answer:

Pressure System	Pressure condition at the centre	Wind direction in Northern Hemisphere	Wind direction in Southern Hemisphere
Cyclone	less	Anti-clockwise	clockwise
anti cyclones	High	Clockwise	anticlockwise

Question 5.
Find a single term for the following :
(a) Species which are in danger of extinction.
(b) Species with very small population.
Answer:
a. Endangered
b. Rare

Question 6.
Find out any two reasons for declining wild life in India.
Answer:
a. Overexploitation of natural resources.
b. Hunting
c. Climate changes

Question 7.
How does a V-shaped valley differ from a U-shaped valley?
Answer:
V-shaped valleys are formed because of the flow of the river.
U-shaped valleys are formed because of the working of glaciers.

Question 8.
What is ozone hole ? How is it formed?
Answer:
Ozone hole is the large scale reduction in the ozone in the stratosphere because of changes in the seasons. This happens more in Antarctica in the Spring Season. This was first discovered towards the end of the 1970s. It is because of the complex chemical reactions of the CFC gases that the ozone hole is formed.

Question 9.
Distinguish between Biotic Factors and Abiotic Factors.
Answer:
Biotic factors:
These are living beings. They include producers, consumers, and decomposers.

Abiotic Factors:
They are non-living things. These include rain, temperature, solar energy, etc.

Question 10.
Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during SW monsoon season. List the two factors responsible for it.
Answer:

1. Western monsoon stays comes parallel to the southern branch of the Bay of Bengal.
2. The south-western monsoon stays under the rain shadow area of the branch of the Arabian Sea.

Question 11.
Identify the plate margins where the plates move away from each other. Write an example for the margin.
Answer:
Mid-Ocean ridges

Section – B

Answer any eight questions from 12 to 23. Each carries 3 scores. (8 × 3 = 24)

Question 12.
Examine the given diagram and identify the wind. How is it formed?
Answer:
During day time, the land becomes hot faster than the sea. As the sea has less temperature it has high pressure. But the land is warm and so the pressure is less. As a result wind blows from the sea with the higher pressure to the land with the lower pressure. This is called the sea breeze.

Question 13.
Prepare a note on the type of tides based on frequency.
Answer:

1. Semi-Diurnal Tides: The most common tidal pattern featuring two high tides and two low tides each day. These are the most common tides. These happen one after the other and their heights are almost the same.
2. Diurnal Tides: There is only one high tide and one low tide during each day. These tides that happen continuously have almost the same height.
3. Mixed Tides: These are tides having variation in heights. These tides are common on the western coat of America, and in many Islands in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 14.
Compare the Eastern and Western coastal plains of India.
Answer:
Western Coastal Plains:
Western Coastal Plains extend from Gujarat in the north to Kerala in the south. They are parallel to the , Arabian Sea. They are examples for submerged plains. It is believed that Dwarakapuri, which was situated in the western coast, was submerged in the Sea.

1. As the plains were submerged the circumstances there were conducive to open natural ports. It also helped in developing the ports.
2. The main ports on the western coast are Kandla, v Mazaaon, Jawharlal Nehru, Nhava sheva, Mormugao, Mangaluru, and Kochi.
3. The Western coast can be divided into 4 sub sections:
   • Kutch-Kathiavar coast in Gujarat
   • Konkan coast in Maharashtra
   • Goan coast in Karnataka
   • Malabar Coast in Kerala
4. Western Coastal Plains are comparatively narrow in the middle part. But when move towards the north and south they become wider. No Deltas are formed in Western Coastal plains, by small rivers. The large backwaters on the Malabar Coast are very useful for fishing, inland water transport and tourism. The world famous Nehru Trophy Boat Race is conducted in the Punnamada Kayal in Kerala every year.

Eastern Coastal Plains:
Compared to Western Coastal Plains, Eastern Coastal Plains are winder. Eastern Coastal Plains extend from the Sundarban regions of West Bengal to Kanyakumari. Eastern Coastal Plains are examples for raised coasts.

1. The Rivers that flow through the Eastern Coastal Plains into the Bay of Bengal form deltas on the eastern coast.
2. The deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri include in these deltas.
3. Since they are raised coasts, ports and harbours are less here.

Question 15.
List any six immediate hazardous effects of earthquake.
Answer:
Tsunami, landslides, floods, fires, droughts, volcanic explosions.

Question 16.
Write a short note on the depositional landforms developed within the limestone caves.
Answer:
Through the processes of getting heated up, liquefied and crystallized, the salts in the ricks expand. Salts like calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, and barium expand this way. Their expansion is relative to the amount of temperature and the reaction of the salts to it. For example the high difference in temperature (between ,30°C and 50°C) felt in the deserts is helpful in the expansion of salts.

1. The salt crystals located in the small holes close to the surface of the rocks make the grains of the rocks to get separated. This causes the fragmentation of the rocks.
2. The process by which rocks get fragmented into small grains is called Granular Foliation.

In the salt decaying process the most effective is the crystallization of salt. In some regions changes in climate – wet at times and dry at times – are frequent. Because of this the salt crystals in the rocks expand pushing the grains around them to the sides. In the deserts, the crystals of sodium chloride and gypsum raise the layer above them. Because of this many multiple angled cracks are created. They later cause the fragmentation of rocks. The salty crystals become big. First, the limestone is-fragmented. Then sandstone, shale, gneiss, granite, etc. also get fragmented.

Question 17.
Suggest any three mitigation measures to reduce the impact of land slides.
Prepare short notes on the following :
(a) Asthenosphere
(b) Lithosphere
(c) Nife
Answer:

1. Encourage large-scale afforestation schemes.
2. Terrace cultivation should be encouraged.
3. Limit agriculture to valleys and flat places.
4. Exercise control over constructions & other developmental activities.

Question 18.
Prepare short notes on the following:
(a) Asthenosphere
(b) Lithosphere
(c) Nife
Answer:
a. Asthenosphere is the upper layer of the earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere. Astheno is a prefix meaning “weak”. Asthenosphere is supposed to be 400 km thick.

b. Lithosphere is the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. Its thickness is about 10 200 km.

c. The Core is made of very heavy things like nickel and iron. This is called NIFE Layer. Ni is the chemical symbol for Nickel and Fe is the chemical symbol for Iron and that is why it is called NIFE.

Question 19.
Identify the types of rock based on formation. Describe the features of any one of them.
Answer:
Rocks
Rocks are natural substances composed of solid crystals of different minerals that have been fused ‘ together into solid lumps. The crust of the earth is made up of rocks. Rocks can be very hard or not very hard and they are seen in different colours. Black rock is very hard but soap stone is less hard. Gabbro rocks are black in colour. Quartzite is white colour.

1. Rocks don’t have a fixed mineral structure. Feldspar and quartz are the minerals that are usually seen in rocks.
2. The scientific study of rocks is called petrology. It is the science of rocks.
3. Petrology comes from the Latin word “Petrus”. Petrus means rock.
4. A petrologist studies about rocks, and their various aspects. Their mineral structure, crystal order, colour, form, origin, transformation, the places where they are seen, relations with other rocks – all these are the subject matters of the petrologist’s studies.
5. There is inalienable relation between rocks and the parts of the earth and rocks and soil. On the basis of their formation, rocks are divided into three – igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks are formed by the solidifying of the lava and magmainside the earth. They are called igneous because they are formed because of heat. As they are formed from lava and magma, they are also called primary rocks. The word igneous comes from the Latin word “ignis” which means fire.

1. The magma from the inner part of the earth flows out and then it is cooled and solidified. This is how igneous rock is formed.
2. Magma gets cooled, either after coming to the surface of the earth or when it is below the earth’s crust. Depending of the internal structure of the igneous rocks, they are divided into two types:
   • Intrusive rocks
   • Extrusive rock
3. If the magma gets cooled and solidified deep down the earth’s surface, they are called intrusive igneous rocks. They are also called plutons.
4. Through volcanoes and the cracks on the earth’s crust, lava comes to the surface and then its gets solidified. Then it is called extrusive igneous rocks.

If the melted magma gets solidified very deep inside in the earth the grains of the minerals will be very large. If the magma cools quickly on the surface of the earth, the grains of the minerals will be small and soft. If the magma gets cooled between the above two places the grains will be moderate in size.

1. All other rocks are formed from igneous rocks. Therefore they are mother rocks or primary rocks.
2. Granite, gabbro, pegmatite,basalt, volcanic breccia, tuff etc. are examples for igneous rocks.

Question 20.
Analyse the importance of the Himalayan mountains as a factor determining the climate of India.
Answer:

1. As the northern boundary, the Himalayas stand tall, the Himalayas and its continuous ranges play a big role in th climate.
2. The Himalayas prevent the cold winds coming from the north and protecting the country from extreme cold.
3. The Himalayas stop the monsoon winds and make rain in the Indian subcontinent.

Question 21.
(a) Define the term ‘Condensation’.
(b) Identify the different forms of Condensation.
Answer:
a. Condensation is the process of water vapour becoming liquid. The reason for that is the loss of temperature.
b.

1. dew
2. frost
3. fog
4. mist
5. clouds.

Question 22.
Write any three evidences in support of the continental drift.
Answer:

1. Fit of the continents
2. The age of the rocks found on both sides of the ocean is the same.
3. Tillite deposits
4. Deposits of mineral sand
5. The distribution of fossils

Question 23.
Write the features of the following :
Answer:
a) Bhabar: Bhabar is a narrow belt which lies parallel to the Shiwalik range. It is 8 to 10 km wide. The rivers that come from the mountain region deposit huge round stones and pebbles in this belt.

b) Terai: It is seen on the south of Bhabar. This is 20 to 20 km wide. We find a lot of water clogged areas and marshes here. These marshy lands are also known as Terai. Here different species of plants grow luxuriantly. There are also many animal species in this area.

c) Alluvial Plains: Bhangar and Khadar are regions that are found on the southern part of the Terai sector. They are formed by the old and new sediments deposited by the rivers. The areas formed by the old deposits are Bhangar. Khadar is formed from the new deposits. Sand banks, meandering water flows, oxbow lakes and twisted channels are the special features of these plains.

The Brahmaputra Plain is famous for its river islands, sand banks and meandering water flows. Here there are frequent floods and the rivers change their course. This causes rivers to get entangled. On the mouths of some of these rivers we find the largest deltas in the world. Sundarban Delta is an example.

1. Between the Sindhu and Ganga Rivers we see Haryana and Delhi States separating them.
2. Contrary to this, the Brahmaputra turns 90°south at Dhubri, and from northeast direction it changes course and flows southeast. On these river banks there is plenty of fertile alluvial soil. Different crops are cultivated here and many people make their living through agriculture

Section – C

Answer any five questions from 24 to 31. Each carries 4 scores. (5 × 4 = 20)

Question 24.
Describe the features of the following layers of the atmosphere.
(a) Troposphere
(b) Stratosphere
Answer:
a) Troposphere:

1. This is the lowest layer of the atmospherq, From the earth’s surface it is 13 km high on an average. At the poles its height is 8 km and at the equator it is 18 km. It has maximum height at the equator. Because of strong vertical winds, the temperature radiates into higher areas and that is why the height is more here.
2. Troposphere contains the highest amount of dust and water vapour.
3. This layer has all kinds of climatic phenomena rain, snow and wind.
4. The layer in which all bio and organic activities take place.

Here as we go higher for every 165 meter height, at the rate of 1°C temperature becomes less. Tropopause separates troposphere from stratosphere. The temperature is -80°Catthe equator and -45°C at the Poles. The temperature at the tropopause is nearly the same.

b) Stratosphere:
The stratosphere the layer just above the troposphere. It extends to nearly 50 km from the surface of the earth. Here there is no dust, cloud, or water vapour. The Ozone layer is here. That is the greatest Importance of this layer because it absorbs the dangerous ultraviolet rays from the sun and thus makes a protective cover above the earth.

Question 25.
How do the inner planets differfrom the outer planets?
Answer:
Inner Planets

1. Also known as terrestrial planets.
2. Mercury, Venus and Earth are terrestrial planets

Question 26.
Make a comparison between Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers.
Answer:

Features	Himalayan Rivers	Peninsular Rivers
Place of origin	The Himalayas	Peninsular Plateau & Central Highland
Water flow	Throughout the year	Seasonal, based on the monsoon rains
Way of flowing	In the plain centric model	Kallos, radial, square model
Nature of the river	In mountains, lengthy, but in plains direction changes.	Short, fixed way
Catchment area	Very small	Small
Age of the rivers	young, active	Old

Question 27.
Mention the factors affecting Ocean Salinity.
Answer:
a. Evaporation
b. Rain
c. Ice solidifying and melting
d. Wind
e. Ocean currents
f. Temperature
g. Density

Question 28.
Suggest some measures for soil conservation.
Answer:
Soil Conservation
Man is the main cause for soil erosion and it is the same man that is doing things to conserve the soil. Soil conservation contains a set of methods for maintaining the fertility of the soil, for preventing soil erosion and bringing back the fertility the soil has lost. There are many ways to conserve soils. Some of them are the following:

1. It is unscientific methods of cultivation that increases soil erosion. So such methods should be discontinued. For example cultivating on the open slopes of hills should be stopped. Where the slope is 15 to 20% or more, cultivation must be fully stopped. If cultivation is essential in these areas, then it should be terraced and then it can be cultivated.

2. Overgrazing, and overuse of the land make the land lose its natural cover and soil erosion results. So villagers must be made aware of these problems.

3. Encourage contour terracing.

4. Encourage contour bunding.

5. Implement regulated forestry.

6. Control grazing of cattle.

7. Grow cover cropping.

8. Encourage mixed farming.

9. Encourage crop rotation.

10 .Make efforts to reduce and prevent gully erosion. Terrace farming, making bunds, gully plugging, making tree cpver, will prevent gully erosion.

11. In the arid and semi arid regions, soil should be protected from the spread of sand dunes. Planting rows of trees,  afforestation in the cultivating lands, etc. will help. To prevent the spread of sand dunes in Rajasthan, the CAZRI (Central Arid Zone Research institute) is making different experiments.

Unified land use programmes are the best for soil conservation. Land should be categorised according to its quality. Land use maps should be made. The land should be properly used for fulfilling the needs, the final responsibility of soil conservation should be with the people who use it and enjoy the benefits derived from it.

Question 29.
Identify the factors controlling the temperature of air at any place over the surface of earth. Explain any one among them.
Answer:
Forces that influence the temperature of Ocean water The following are the forces that influence the temperature of Ocean water:
1. Latitude: As we move from Equator to the Poles, the temperature of the surface water gets less. The reason for this is as we move towards the Poles, the effect of the solar energy becomes less and less,

2. Unequal Distributidn of Land and Water: The oceans in the northern hemisphere get more solar energy than the oceans in the southern hemisphere. Since they are close to large land masses they get more solar energy.

3. Prevailing Winds: When the winds blow from the land to the sea, the warm water on the surface of the ocean is pushed away from the shore towards the middle of the ocean interiors. Because of this the cold water from below comes up. This causes vertical temperature chang,e in ocean water. Bit when the wind blows from the ocean to the land the warm water reaches the shore which increases the temperature of the land.

4. Ocean Currents: The warm and cold currents in the ocean cause changes in the temperature of the ocean water. Warm currents increase the temperature in the cold zones of the ocean. The cold currents lessen the temperature in the hot zones. For example the Gulf Stream, a warm current, increases the warmth in the ocean water close to the eastern coast of North America and the western shores of Europe. At the same time the cold current, Labrador Current, causes the reduction of temperature in the ocean waters close to the north-eastern shores of North America.

All the above factors cause regional changes in the temperature of ocean water. In the lower latitudes, the seas, surrounded by land, are warmer than the open oceans. On the contrary, in the higher latitudes, the seas, surrounded by land, will be less warm than open oceans.

Question 30.
Identify and mark the following geo information on the given outline map of India.
(a) The marine biosphere reserve located in the South of Tamilnadu.
(b) The river rises from the Brahmagiri hills in Karnataka.
(c) The Western most state in India.
(d) The biosphere reserve located in the delta of Ganga river.
Answer:
a) Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve
b) Kaveri
c) Gujarat
d) Sundarban Biosphere Reserve

Question 31.
Identify any four soil forming factors. Explain any one of them.
Answer:
Soil Forming Factors: The major factors affecting the formation and control of soil are five:

1. Parent material
2. Topography
3. Climate
4. Vegetation and other life-forms
5. Time.

Besides these, human activities also influence it to a large extent.
1. Parent Material: The parent materials are the most important factor in the formation of soil. This is an indirect factor. Soil inherits many properties from the parent material from which it forms. Soil can also be brought from other places by rivers.

• Soil formation takes places according to the size of rock material or deposits, the minerals in them and their chemical structure.
• It is also affected by the method of decay, rate, and the thickness of decayed material.

It is possible that above similar parent material, different kinds of soil are seen. Similarly over different parent material the same type of soil can be seen. If the soil kinds are not too old, they will show the nature of parent material. The soils in some limestone regions show the features of the parent material.

2. Topography (Relief, Altitude and Slope):
Topography is often considered another passive factor modifying the effects of soil formation. In sol formation the influence of Topography depends on two factors.

• The amount of sunlight falling on the surface having the parent material.
• The flow of water on the source on the surface and the flow of water through the parent rocks.

The thickness of the soil depends of the relief of the place. In slopes, the thickness will be less but in the plains it will be more. In the plains organic material also get mixed producing thick clay. This gives the soil dark colour.

Very slight slopes, Where the water goes down slowly, are good for soil formation. In the southern slopes of mid altitude as the sunlight falls very strongly, different kinds of soils and plants can be seen. But in the northern slopes, the soil and plants are different from those of the southern slopes. It is because here the coldness and hum idity are more.

3. Climate: The role of climate is very crucial in soil formation. The inputs of heat and moisture affect the rate of weathering of the parent rock and the soil gets its energy from it. It makes the chemical and organic functions of the soil possible.

• I n areas that experience a lot of rai nfal I, water percolating down through soil tends carry down the nutrients and organic matter out of the upper layers. This process is called eluviations. These nutrients are stored at the bottom layer of the soil. It is known as illuviation.
• Where there is heavy rain, minerals like calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium etc. are removed from the soil. A good amount silica is also removed. T|he process of removing silica from the soil is called desilication.

In dry climates evaporation will be more. As a result through capillary action, the underground water reaches the surface. When this water is evaporated, all the salts in it will be deposited in the soil. This salt deposit becomes like a covering to the soil. These coverings are known as hardpans. Temperature influences soil formation in two ways. Temperature increases or decreases the chemical and organic activities of the soil.

• In high temperature, chemical activity increases. In low temperature it decreases. It is because of the heat, in warm areas soil is seen in different layers as it goes deep.
• In very cold climates chemical activities do not happen. That is why in cold areas like the Tundra regions, in the soil mechanically broken rock pieces are found.

4. Biological activities (Vegetation and other life-forms): Biological activities help in the formation of soil. In the areas where there is parent material, the flora and fauna, from the very beginning, help the soil to maintain moisture and help in adding nitrogen and other nutrients to the soil.

• Dead plants and the remnants of other organic things give humus to the soil. Some organic acids that are formed from the decaying organic matter help in fragmenting the minerals in the parent material.
• Depending on the temperature, the working of bacteria also changes. In warm areas the intensity of bacteria is more. But in cold areas the growth of bacteria is less. This influences the nature of the soil.

Since the activities of bacteria are much less in the sub-arctic regions and Tundra region the organic matter do not decay and get accumulated in the soil. As a result layers of peat are formed. In the warm regions and in the equatorial regions the activities of bacteria are more and so the measure of organic matter is less. Moreover bacteria and other minute organisms draw nitrogen from the atmosphere and make it a useful chemical for the plants. This process is called nitrogen fixation. The bacteria called Rhizobium found on the roots of plants belonging to the pulses help in the process of nitrogen fixation.

• Ant, earthworm, termites, burrowing rats etc. help in the physical changes of the soil. They also help in the formation of the soil as they turn it upside down.
• Earthworms survive eating soil. The soil that comes of the earthworms changes in its chemical structure and texture.

5. Time: Time is an active factor in the formation of soil. It is time that determines the maturity and form of soil. Only if the soil formation factors work for long, mature soil will be formed. Soil that comes from recently deposited silt or the soil brought by glaciers is young soil. It may not have sufficiently matured layers. It is through the activities of a long time the new soil become mature. It is not possible to determine how long it would take for the new soil to develop and acquire maturity.

Soil forming factors
Active Factors	Passive Factors
Climate	Parent material
Biological activities	Topography
Time