Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus One Geography Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2023 to improve time management during exams.
Kerala Plus One Geography Previous Year Question Paper March 2023
Time : 2 Hours
Total Scores : 60
Section – A
Answer any 8 questions from 1 to 10. Each carries 2 scores.
Question 1.
Define the term ‘Geomorphology’.
Answer:
Geomorphology is the branch of Physical Geography that studies landforms, their evolution and the processes related to them.
Question 2.
Classify the following landforms into erosional landforms and depositional landforms: Gorge, Alluvial Fans, V-Shaped Valley, Deltas.
Answer:
Erosional landforms:-Gorge, V-Shaped Valley Depositional landforms:-Alluvial Fans, Deltas.
Question 3.
Mention the importance of water vapour in the atmosphere
Answer:
Importance of water vapour in the atmosphere:
- Water vapour is an atmospheric gas that is subject to constant change. As the height of the atmosphere increases, the quantity of water vapour gets less and less.
- In the tropic regions some 4% water vapour is found in the atmosphere. But in the arid and dry deserts, and in the Polar Regions, the measure of water vapour is only less than 1%.
- Water vapour absorbs parts of the radiation from the sun and preserves the earth’s radiated heat.
- It acts like a blanket allowing the earth neither to become too cold nor too hot.
- It also contributes to the stability and instability in the air.
Question 4.
What are Clouds? How are they formed?
Answer:
On reaching a certain height, water vapour present in the air condenses to form tiny droplets of water. These water droplets collect to form clouds that float in the air. Since the clouds are formed far above from the surface of the earth, they are seen in different shapes. Clouds are formed on the basis of height, breadth, density, and transparency.
Question 5.
Identify the following:
(a) The line of longitude from which the Indian Standard Time (IST) is calculated.
(b) An important line of latitude which passes through almost middle of India.
Answer:
a) 82 1/2° E longitude/The Standard Meridian of India
b) 23 1/2° N Latitude/Tropic of Cancer
Question 6.
Suggest any two measures to mitigate Landslides.
Answer:
a) Make afforestation very extensive
b) To reduce the flow of water, make check dams.
c) Bring control over the construction of roads, factories and other development projects.
Question 7.
What is Bio-diversity?
Answer:
Biodiversity is the number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that are’ living in an ecosystem. Biodiversity-is a measure of the variety of organisms that exist in different ecosystems. Bio means ‘life’, diversity means ‘variety’.
Question 8.
Examine the facts given below identify the layers of the atmosphere.
(a) The layer in which all changes in climate and weather take place.
(b) The layer that contains the Ozone layer.
Answer:
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
Question 9.
List out the two climatic variables used by Koeppen for the classification of the climate.
Answer:
The two climatic variables are used by Koeppen for classification of the climate are:
a) temperature, and
b) the amount of precipitation,Koppen’s climate classification scheme divides climates into six main climate groups:
a) Tropical,
b) Dry,
c) Temperate,
d) Continental,
e) Polar and
f) Mountain
Question 10.
How do the following factors affect the temperature distribution of ocean water?
(i) Latitude
(ii) Ocean Currents
Answer:
i) Latitude: As we move from the Equator towards the Poles, the temperature of the Ocean surface gets less and less. The reason for this is the amount of the sun’s radiation gets less as we move towards the Poles.
ii) Ocean Currents: Hot Ocean Currents increase the temperature in the cold regions and the Cold Ocean currents reduce the temperature of the hot regions. The Gulf Stream, which is a Hot Current, increases the temperature in the waters of the ocean close to the shores of North America and the western shores of Europe. At the same time the Cold Labrador Current reduces the temperature of the ocean close to the north-eastern shores of North America.
The above mentioned factors cause local or regional variations in the ocean water. In the lower latitudes, the temperature in the seas surrounded by land masses will be les.s than the temperature in the open seas
Section – B
Answer any eight questions from 11 to 20. Each carries 3 scores.
Question 11.
Write a short note on the indirect sources of information about the interior of the earth.
Answer:
Indirect sources of information about the interior of the earth:
- Temperature
- Pressure: As it gets deeper below the earth’s surface, the temperature and pressure increase.
- Density: As the depth increases, the density of stones increases.
- Meteorites: Meteorites are formed when materials similar to the earth matters get frozen. So the conclusion is that the
- Earth also has a similar structure.
- Gravitation: In the various latitudes of the earth, the amount of gravitation is notthe same. Since the Polar Regions are closer to the Centre of the Earth, the gravitation there is more. As the equatorial regions are away from the earth centre, there the gravitation will be less.
Question 12.
What do you understand by Intrusive forms? Briefly describe any two intrusive forms.
Answer:
Intrusive landforms are formed when the magma solidifies inside the crust of the Earth. This solidified magma takes different forms. These forms are called intrusive landforms. The main intrusive land forms are Batholiths, Laccoliths, Lopoliths, Phacoliths, Sills and Dykes.
Batholiths: Batholiths are large bodies of igneous rock formed beneath the Earth’s surface by the intrusion and solidification of magma. They are commonly composed of coarse-grained rocks like granite with a surface exposure of 100 square km (40 square miles) or larger. Only when the things on their surfaces are removed by the flow of water, they are seen on the earth’s crust. They extend to large areas. They may be several kilometres deep.
Dykes: Magma penetrates the fractured or broken areas of the earth’s interior. When it cools down wall-like formations are made. They are called dykes. In western Maharashtra such dykes are commonly found.
Question 13.
There are three types of plate boundaries. Identify them and explain any one of them.
Answer:
There are three types of plate boundaries.
a) Divergent boundaries.
b) Convergent boundaries.
c) Transform boundaries.
Divergent Boundaries:
A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. When they move away from each other a new surface is formed. The spots from which the plates move away are called divergent sites. The best example for a divergent boundary is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Question 14.
Prepare a note on ‘Sea Floor Spreading’.
Answer:
Sea Floor Spreading As a counter hypothesis for the Big Bang Theory, the American geophysicist Harry H. Hess put forward a new hypothesis in 1961. This new hypothesis is called the Sea Floor Spreading theory. Hess argued that the constant volcanic explosions in the ridges of the sea floor create fractures on the sea surface. The new magma that flows out through these fractures pushes out the surface of the sea floor towards the opposite sides. Thus the Sea Floor spreads. Hess also argued that sea floors which are pushed away from the centre of the sea ridges to the sides through volcanic eruptions sink deep into the bottoms of the sea and there they melt and become magma again.
Question 15.
How is heat transferred in the atmosphere?
Answer:
Heating and cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere happen mainly due to 3 different processes Conduction, Convection and Advection.
Conduction: The air in interaction with the land gets heated gradually and the upper layers in touch with the lower layers also get heated. This process is called conduction. This process takes place when two bodies of uneven temperature are in contact with one another, there is a flow of energy from the warmer to the cooler body. The heat transfer continueš intil both the bodies reach the same temperature or the contact is interrupted. This process is significant in heating the lower layers of the atmosphere.
Convection : The air in contact with the earth upsurges vertically on heating in the form of currents and transfers the heat of the atmosphere. This vertical heating of the atmosphere is known as convection. The convective transfer of energy is limited only to the troposphere.
Advection: The transfer of heat through the horizontal movement of air is called advection. The horizontal movement of the air is comparatively more significant than the vertical movement. Most of the diurnal variation in weather is caused by advection only in the middle latitudes.
Question 16.
The amount and the intensity of insolation vary during a day in a season and in a year. Identify any three factors that cause these variations in insolation.
Answer:
- The rotation of the earth on its own axis.
- The angle at which the sun’s rays fall on the earth.
- The length of the day.
- The transparency of the atmosphere,
- The structure of the region.
Question 17.
What is atmospheric pressure ? How does it affect the wind?
Answer:
Just like any other matter, the air also has weight. The air uses its weight as pressure on the earth’s surface. The weight the air exerts on the earth’s surface is called atmospheric pressure. In other words, atmospheric pressure of a given place is the weight of the air between the surface of the earth to the top of the atmosphere.
On the earth’s surface, temperature is not the same everywhere. When the air gets heated it expands and when it gets cooled it contracts. These changes create alterations in the atmospheric pressure. Because of the variations in the atmospheric pressure the air moves. From areas of high pressure the air moves to the areas of low pressure.
- Wind is the parallel movement of the air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
- It is the atmospheric pressure that determines when the air should rise and when it should fall.
- The winds play a major role on main-taining a stable temperature throughout the earth. The winds make it possible by redistributing the temperature and density everywhere.
- When the moist air rises vertically, it gets frozen and solidifies causing the formation of clouds which lead to rainfall.
Question 18.
Define the following:
(i) Tides
(ii) Waves
(iii) Ocean Currents
Answer:
i) Tides: Because of the gravitational pull by the sun and the moon, everyday once or twice the sea-levels rise and fall. These rises and falls are called tides.
ii) Waves: A wave is not a movement of water. It is the flow of energy throughout the surface of the sea. As each wave passes, the water merely moves in a circle. Waves are most commonly caused by wind. When the wind blows into the water, its energy is transferred to the water. With the energy absorbed from the wind, the waves move through the sea surface. When the waves reach the shore, the energy is realised. This movement that happens only on the surface of the sea does not affect the deep parts of the sea. The waters at the depths or the sea remain unruffled. ‘
iii) Ocean Currents: Ocean currents are like the rivers of the ocean. An Ocean current is the regular flow of sea water like a river in a particular direction and on a particular path.
Question 19.
Write the characteristic features of Tropical Evergreen Forest.
Answer:
eatures of Tropical Evergreen Forests Tropical Evergreen Forests in India are found on the western slopes of the Western Ghats, in the North Eastern regions of India, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The average annual rainfall here is above 200 cms and the annual average temperature is above 22°C and they are usually found in the Warm-Moist regions. These forests are rich with trees that grow to heights above 60 metres. The trees that are most common in these forests are Teak, Ebony, Mahogany, Rosewood, Wild Jack (Aanjili), and Terminalia crenulata Roth (Karimaruth).
Question 20.
What is Frontogenesis ? Name the different types of fronts.
Answer:
When two types of air fronts – warm front and cold front – come face to face, the boundary line that forms in their middle is called Frontogenesis.
There are four types of weather fronts:
i) Cold front
ii) Warm front
iii) Stationary front
iv) Occluded front
Section – C
Answer any 5 questions from 21 to 27. Each carries 4 scores.
Question 21.
Give an account of the first two stages in the evolution of Universe according to The Big Bang Theory.
Answer:
The big bang theory is the most famous theory about the origin of the universe. This is also known as the Theory of the Expansion of the Universe. In 1920, this theory was put forward by the astronomer Edwin Hubble. The basis of this theory is that this universe is expanding. This theory argues that as the universe expands, the galaxies are getting away from one another. When a balloon is blown up with air, just like the points in it get separated wider and wider, the distance among the galaxies get wider. Thus, the universe goes on expanding. The increase in the distance among the galaxies is called the expansion of the universe. It is the distance among the galaxies that is increasing. But the size of the galaxies does not increase, nor do they expand. The Big Bang theory points out that there are three stages in the expansion of the universe.
- In the first stage, all the things in the universe were just tiny particles. They were unimaginably small and very hot and had infinite density.
- In the second stage, the Big Bang took place. The original universe which was in the shape of a ball exploded. This caused the big expansion of the universe.
- It is commonly believed thatthat this Big Bang took place 7 billion years ago. The expansion that began then is still continuing. When the universe extended, some energy was turned into matter. Seconds after the Big Bang, the universe expanded with great speed. After that the speed became less. Within three minutes of the Big Bang, the first atom began to from.
- Within 300,000 years of the Big Bang, the temperature was reduced to 4500 Kelvin. This gave rise to the formation of atomic matter. Thus the universe became transparent.
Question 22.
Distinguish between Weathering and Erosion.
Answer:
- Weathering
- Weathering is working of the climatic factors on earthly things.
- Weather is the decomposition and breaking up of rocks, soil and minerals.
- Weathering is controlled by physical factors like the flora, climate and structure of the region.
- Amongst the factors of weathering, climatic factors have the highest role.
- The weathering processes depend on the climate. In the same way, the volume of the earth surface subjected to weathering is different.
- Erosion
- Erosion is the collection and the dis-placement of solids by wind, water and ice.
- The amount of erosion depends on the movement of factors that help erosion.
- Erosion causes the breakup of landforms and levelling the place.
- As the eroded materials rub against each other and they move by rubbing against the earth’s surface help the process of erosion.
Question 23.
Examine the diagram given below. A and B letters indicate some landforms formed by ground water, Identify the landforms and explain them.
Answer:
(A) Stalactites:
A stalactite is an icicle-shaped formation that hangs from the ceiling of a cave and is produced by precipitation of minerals from water dripping through the cave ceiling. They are of different sizes. Most stalactites have pointed tips. The base of the stalactite is generally broad. As it goes down to the tip it gets sharper. They are formed in different shapes.
(B) Stalactites :
A stalagmite is an upward-growing mound of mineral deposits that have precipitated from water dripping onto the floor of a cave. They are formed from the water drops from the ceiling of the cave or from the tips of the stalactites. Most stalagmites have rounded or flattened tips. They are calcium carbonate upward mounds seen on the floor of the cave. They are seen in different shapes like pillars, or smooth round disks or even craters. With the passage of time the stalactites and stalagmites might get joined to one another making different types of pillars in the caves.
Question 24.
Make a comparison of the western and eastern coastal plains of India.
Answer:
The Western Coastal Plain: A coastal plain is a flat, low lying area of land near the sea. As the coastal plains got submerged in those areas there developed Circumstances conducive to the working of natural ports. The ports could also be developed easily. The most important ports on the Western Coastal Plain are Kandla, Mazagaon, Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Navasheva, Marmagoa, Mangaluru and Kochi.
The Western Coastal Plain can be divided into 4 subsections:
- Kachchh and Kathiawar coast in Gujarat
- Konkan coast in Maharashtra
- Goan Coast in Karnataka
- Malabar Coast in Kerala.
Eastern Coastal Plain:
Compared to the Western Coastal Plain, the Eastern Coastal plain is broader. The Eastern Coastal Plain extends from the Sundarban region in West Bengal to Kanyakumari. The Eastern Coastal Plains are examples of raised or elevated plains.
- The rivers that flow through the Eastern Coastal Plains and empty their waters into the Bay of Bengal create deltas in the Eastern Coastal Plains.
- The deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri include in these deltas.
- As they are elevated plains, there are less ports and harbours here.
Question 25.
Describe the Himalayan Drainage System.
Answer:
The Himalayan Draining System The measure of the water that flows in the rivers is not the same throughout the year. It will change as per the seasons. The general characteristics of the water flowing in a river throughout the year are called the river system.
1. The North Indian Rivers originating in the Himalayas never become dry. In the summer, water comes to the rivers because of the melting ice and in the rainy season they have the rain water. But the nature of the South Indian Rivers is different. They do not originate in icy regions. Therefore the flow of water varies depending on the seasons. The flow of water in the South Indian Rivers depends on the rains. During the monsoon seasons the flow of water increases considerably in these rivers.
2. The water that flows in a river within a certain period of time is called the water flow rate. In the River Ganges from January to June, the water flow rate will be the least. The highest flow rate is in the months of August and September. After September the flow rate decreases drastically.
3. When compared to the Himalayan Rivers, the water flow in the Peninsular Rivers shows much difference in the river system. This difference is clearly seen in the river systems of Narmada and Godavari. From January to July, the water flow in the Narmada River is very little. In August, the water flow increases drastically. By October it reaches its lowest rate.
4. In Garudeshwar, the flow rate of Narmada is 2300 cubic feet and the lowest rate is 15 cubic feet. In Godavari the lowest flow rate is in the month of May.
5. It is in July-August months, the highest water flow is experienced. After August, the water flow decreases quickly. At Polavaram, the flow rate of Godavari is 3200 cubic feet and the least flow is 50 cubic feet.
Question 26.
Name the four distinct seasons experienced in India as per the Indian Meteorological Department. Explain any one briefly.
Answer:
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) designates four distinct seasons: Winter, Summer, South Western Monsoon, Post Monsoon.
Winter Season:
- In North India the winter season usually starts in the middle of November.
- The coldest months in North India are December and January.
- In most places the average temperature is less than 21°C.
- There are three reasons for the extreme cold felt in North India during this period.
- The States of Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana are located far away from the seashore. So the moderating effect of the sea is not felt in these areas.
- The snowfall in the Himalayan Ranges close-by causes cold winds.
- By February, from the shores of the Caspian Sea and from Turkmenistan cold winds blow causing cold wave, snow and mist in North-western India.
Pressure and Winds:
By then end of December, the sun reaches above the Tropic of Capricorn. During this time weak High Pressure Belts are formed in the North Indian plains. The isobar 1019 mb passes through the North-western India and the 1013 isobar passes through the Southern parts of India. From the High Pressure regions of the North West, the wind blows to the Low Pressure regions of the Indian Ocean.
Rainfall:
Winter Monsoon winds blow from the land to the sea. Therefore they do not give any rain. There are some reasons why the Winter Monsoon winds do not cause any rain.
- First, these winds contain very little moisture.
- Second, the land whirlwinds reduce the chances of rain in these winds.
In most regions of India there is no rain in the Winter. But there are some exceptions, to this. In Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, and Western Uttar Pradesh there might be some rain. The moderate cyclones that blow from the Mediterranean Sea cause the rains in these places. Although the amount of the rain is less, they are very useful for the Rabi crops. In the months of October and November, when the North Eastern Moneoon winds travel through the Bay of Bengal, they absorb moisture bringing heavy rains to the Tamilnad shores, regions in the southern parts of Andhra Pradesh and the southern parts of Karnataka.
Question 27.
Identify and mark the following geo information on the given outline map of India:
(a) The highest peak of Peninsular Plateau,
(b) The only active Volcano in India.
(c) The largest Peninsularriver.
(d) The region in West Bengal where the mangrove forests are extensively found.
Answer:
a) Anamudi
b) Barren Island
c) Godavari
d) Sundarbans