Kerala Plus One Geography Question Paper September 2021 with Answers

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus One Geography Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf September 2021 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus One September Previous Year Question Paper September 2021

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Total Scores : 80

Answer all questions from 1 to 6. Each carries 1 score. (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 1.
The shadow zone for ‘P’ waves
a) Beyond 105°
b) Between 105°-145°
c) Beyond 140°
d) Between 110°-130°
Answer:
b) Between 105°-145°

Question 2.
Tides formed when the position of the earth, the moon and the sun are in straight line
a) Neap tide
b) Low tide
c) Spring tide
d) Mixed tide
Answer:
c) Spring tide

Question 3.
The most explosive of the earth’s volcanoes
a) Shield volcano
b) Composite
c) Caldera
d) Flood basalt
Answer:
c) Caldera

Question 4.
The periodic rise and fall in the sea level is called
a) Tide
b) Wave
c) Drift
d) Current
Answer:
a) Tide

Question 5.
The layer of the earth known as ‘NIFE’
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Aesthenosphere
d) Core
Answer:
d) Core

Question 6.
A cold current
a) Kuroshio
c) Labrador
b) Gulf stream
d) Aghulhas
Answer:
c) Labrador

Answer any five questions from 7 to 16. Each carries 2 scores. (5 × 2 = 10)

Question 7.
Identify the four branches of Physical geography
Answer:

1. Geomorphology
2. Climatology
3. Hydrology
4. Soil Geography

Question 8.
List the factors affecting ocean temperature distribution.
Answer:
Latitudes, Unequal distribution of land and water, Prevailing wind, Ocean currents.

Question 9.
Name the forces suggested by Alfred Wegener for the movement of continents.
Answer:
Pole Fleeing Force, Tidal Force

Question 10.
‘Carbon dioxide is meteorologically an important gas’. Comment on the statement.
Answer:
It is the green house gas that lets solar rays fall onto the earth. Its presence in the atmosphere keeps some of the radiant energy received by Earth from being returned to space.

Question 11.
Distinguish between dew and frost.
Answer:
On the cold surface of solid things small water temperature falls below 0°C, the water drops get frozen and this is frost.

Question 12.
Name any two minor plates.
Answer:
Cocos, Nazca, Philippine, Arabian, and Caribbean.

Question 13.
What do you mean by inversion of temperature?
Answer:
Inversion of temperature: Normally in the troposphere, the higher you go, the less is the temperature. But when the sky is clear, as the earth radiation is more, the atmosphere gets cooled fast. Then, the situation changes. The higher it goes, the temperature also gets higher. This phenomenon is called Inversion of temperature.

Question 14.
List the basic factors that control the formation of soils.
Answer:
Parent material, topography, climate, biota (organisms) and time.

Question 15.
Write the importance of water vapour in the atmo-sphere.
Answer:
Water vapour also, like the greenhouse gases, absorbs earth’s radiation and controls the temperature of the atmosphere.

Question 16.
Suggest any two differences between terrestrial and jovian planets.
Answer:
Terrestrial Planets: The terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus and Earth. One of the main differences between terrestrial and Jovian planets, is their surfaces. The terrestrial planets are made of solid surfaces. Density is more. Solar energy plays a big role here. They are small planets.

Jovian Planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the Jovian planets. They are made of gaseous surfaces. They are less dense when compared to the terrestrial planets, because they are mainly composed of hydrogen gas. They are huge. Less influenced by solar energy. Atmosphere is thicker.

Answer any four questions from 17 to 26. Each carries 3 scores. (4 × 3 = 12)

Question 17.
Write a short note on I ndian desert.
Answer:
Situated north-west of the Aravali Hills.

1. Annual rainfall less than 150 mm.
2. During the rainy season, one can find the streams here but they do not reach the seas , as they do not have sufficient water to carry them to the sea.
3. During daytime it is very hot.

Question 18.
List the branches of geography based on regional approach.
Answer:

1. Regional Studies
2. Regional Planning
3. Regional development
4. Regional analysis and interpretation

Question 19.
Mention the indirect sources of information about the interior of the earth.
Answer:

1. As we go deeper into the surface of the earth, the temperature, pressure and density gradually increase.
2. We can conclude that the structure of the earth is very similar to the structure of meteors.
3. The difference in the actual gravity and the expected gravity in a region gives some idea about what the things are deep down the surface.
4. The difference in the magnetic power of the earth gives some indication about the distribution of magnetic materials.
5. The movements of earthquake waves and the magma give us strong ideas about the core of the earth.

Question 20.
What are the significances of weathering?
Answer:

1. Through weathering, rocks get fragmented and it paves the way for the formation of soil.
2. Weathering helps in creating landforms such as mountains, valleys, canyons, and plateaus.
3. It is because of weathering and the consequent readjustment that iron, manganese, aluminium and copper ores get concentrated in certain places.

Question 21.
Differentiate betwefen east coastal and west coastal plains of India.
Answer:

Eastern Coastal Plains	Western CoastalPlains
Example for elevated shore.	Example for lowered shore.
Very wide.	Not wide.
Deltas are formed.	Deltas are not formed.
Not deep enough for ports.	Conducive circumstances for ports.

Question 22.
Distinguish between Himalayan rivers and peninsular rivers.
Answer:

• Himalayan Rivers
  1. Originate from the Himalayas.
  2. Water throughout the year.
  3. Flows as per the slope and acquires the model of a tree.
  4. Long rivers.
  5. Very big river basin.
  6. Rivers comparatively young.
• Peninsular Rivers
  1. Originate from the Peninsular Plateau.
  2. They are seasonal. In the summerthey become dry.
  3. Since the flow stops and restarts, the course of these rivers is normally fixed and without meanders.
  4. Comparatively short rivers.
  5. Comparatively smaller river basins.
  6. They are in their old stage.

Question 23.
Ecosystem are of two major types. Comment on it.
Answer:
Terrestrial ecosystem can be divided into different biomes. Aquatic ecosystem can be divided into marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems.

Question 24.
Describe diastrophism.
Answer:
Diastrophism: Diastrophism, also called tectonism, is the large-scale deformation of Earth’s crust by natural processes.

1. Vertical movements that can raise or lower the parts of the earth’s crest.
2. Earthquakes
3. Plate Movements

Question 25.
Write the characteristic features of two major island groups in India.
Answer:

• Lakshadweep
  1. Located in the Arabian Sea, 280 to 480 km away from the Kerala shore.
  2. There are 36 islands here. There is human habitation in 11 of them.
  3. 11°Channel divides these islands into Amini Islands and Cannanore Islands.
  4. They are coral islands.
• Andaman Nicobar
  1. located in the Bay of Bengal, this s group of 572 islands.
  2. 10° Channel divides these islands into Andaman and Nicobar.
  3. These islands are the upper crests of sea- mountains.
  4. Barren island, an active volcano, is Nicobar.

Question 26.
Explain the concept of Sea floor spreading.
Answer:
Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. The magma flowing out from the volcanic activity pushes away the existing crusts’ and spreads making new sea floors.

Answer any five questions from 27 to 36. Each carries 4 scores. (5 × 4 = 20)

Question 27.
Describe the classification of tides based on fre-quency.
Answer:
Based on their frequency, tides are divided into three.

1. Semi-Diurnal Tides: The most common tidal pattern featuring two high tides and two fow tides each day.
2. Diurnal Tides: There is only one hi§h tide and one low tide during each day.
3. Mixed Tides: Tides having variation in heights.

Question 28.
Discuss any two evidences that support continental drift theory.
Answer:
Evidences that support Continental Drift Theory

1. The Matching of Continents: The shorelines of Africa and South America facing each other have a remarkable and unmistakable match.
2. Rocks of Same Age Across the Oceans: The belt of ancient rocks of 2,000 million years from Brazil coasf matches with those from western Africa.
3. Tillite: The Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counterparts in six different landmasses of the Southern Hemisphere. Counterparts of this succession are found in Africa, Falkland Island, Madagascar, Antarctica and Australia besides India.
4. Deposits of gold in the Ghana coast in Africa and the gold-bearing rocks in Brazil indicate that the gold deposits of Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side.
5. Distribution of Fossils: Identical species of plants and animals found in different continents

Question 29.
List out any four immediate hazardous effects of earthquakes.
Answer:
Hazardous effects of earthquakes

1. Himalayan Deer Project
2. Landslides
3. Tsunamis
4. Destructions of buildings and other structures
5. Ground shaking and rupture
6. Liquefaction
7. Fire
8. Change of directioft of Rivers and the floods created by dams

Question 30.
What are the basic requirements for the formation of a tropical cyclone?
Answer:

1. High sea temperatures of at least 27°C.
2. Influence of the Coriolis force.
3. Converging winds near the ocean surface forcing air to rise and form storm clouds.
4. Winds that do not vary greatly with height – known as low wind shear.
5. Places with low pressure.
6. Warm air rising quickly.

Question 31.
Write a short note on the northen plains of India.
Answer:
Northern Plains of India
The Northern plains were formed by the alluvial soil brought and deposited by the Sindhu, Ganges and Brahmaputra Rives. North-West diameter 3200 km. Average width 150 to 300 km. Divided into four sectors:
a) Bhabhar,
b) Terai,
c) Khadar,
d) Bhangar.

a) Bhabhar: At the bottom of the Shivalik Hills, this is a narrow part with a lot of rocks and round stones.

b) Terai: This is the sector where the rivers surface again after flowing under the deposits of the Bhabhar Sector. This area is full of stagnant pools and marshes. A lot of plant species and wild animals can be seen here.

c) Khadar: This is the new alluvial deposits found at the top layer.

d) Bhangar: The old alluvial deposits at the bottom.

Question 32.
Write the characteristics of ocean currents, miasipseel
Answer:
The speed of the ocean currents is more on the surface of the ocean (Up to 5 knots). As they go down, the speed becomes less and reaches up to 0.5 knot. The speed of the flow is the same as the force of the flow. Therefore on the surface the flow is strong and at the bottom it is weak.

Question 33.
Suggest some measures to protect wildlife.
Answer:

1. In 1973 Project Tiger was implemented.
2. In 1992, Project Elephant was helpful to the
3. States in which the number of wild elephants was getting reduced.
4. Crocodile Conservation Project
5. Himalayan Deer Project
6. In collaboration with the UNESCO, the Indian Government took steps in the preservations of its flora and fauna.

Question 34.
Briefly explain the volvanic intrusive forms.
Answer:
Volcanic Intrusive Forms
Batholith : A batholith is a large mass of intrusive igneous rock that forms from cooled magma deep in Earth’s crust.\

Laccolith : A laccolith is a body of intrusive rock with a dome-shaped upper surface and a level base.

Lapolith : A large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region, like a saucer.

Phacolith : A phacolith is a form of igneous rock that is shaped live waves.

Sill : Flat horizontal shape.

Dyke : Vertical formation like a wall.

Sheet : Very thin Sills.

Question 35.
Define the term ‘Plate tectonics’
Answer:
Plate Tectonics: Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that explains how major landforms are created as a result of Earth’s subterranean movements. In plate tectonics, Earth’s outermost layer, or lithosphere – made up of the crust and upper mantle – is broken into large rocky plates. These plates lie on top of a partially molten layer of rock called the asthenosphere. Due to the convection of the asthenosphere and lithosphere, the plates move relative to each other at different rates, from two to 15 centimetres (one to six inches) per year. This movement is called Plate Tectonics.

Question 36.
Identify the primary forces that influence the ocean currents.
Answer:

1. Heating by solar energy
2. Wind
3. Gravity
4. Coriolis force

Answer any one question from 37 to 39. Carries 6 scores. (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 37.
Prepare a note on the three different layers of the interior of the earth.
Answer:
Three different layers of the interior of the earth
Crust: This is the outer layer of the Earth. This includes the continents and the sea floor. At the continents the thickness is more, between of 5 to
30 km. But in the mountain regions it can be up to 70 km. It is made up of mainly basalt rocks. Average density is 2.7 gm/cubic cm.

Mantle: The interior part beneath the crust is called mantle. It extends to about 2,900 km. In the upper part of the mantle called asthenosphere the top rock remains solid, whereas in the lower part the rocks are in molten form. It goes deep up to 400 km. Volcanoes get their lava from asthenosphere. Density is 3.4 g/cm3 The crust and the upper part of the asthenosphere together are called Lithosphere.

The core: This is the innermost and hottest layer of the Earth which lies below the mantle. This extends from 2900 km to the centre of the earth. It is divided into outer core and inner core. The outer core is in liquid state and the inner core is in solid state. When the centre is reached the density is 13 g/cm³. The core composed mainly of Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe) and so it is called NIFE.

Question 38.
Explain the northern most physiographical division of India, with its sub-divisions.
Answer:
North and North Eastern Mountains
This includes the Himalayas and the North-Eastern Hills. In the Himalayas, the main parallel ranges are Greater Himalaya and Shivalik. Their average length is 2500 km and width 260 to 400 km.
The Himalayas are not only the natural boundary of India but play a major role in the climate, water flow and culture.
As per the topography, the Himalayas can be divided into 5 divisions.

1. Kashmir/North-Western Himalayas
2. Himachal/Uttaranchal Himalayas
3. Darjeeling/Sikkim Himalayas
4. Arunachal Himalayas Eastern Hills
5. Eastern Hills

Question 39.
Mention the characteristics features of the different layers of the atmosphere.
Answer:
Based on the temperature, the atmosphere can be divided into the following layers:
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
e) Exosphere

a) Troposphere:

1. The lowest layer
2. Average height 8 -18 km
3. The layer where all kinds climatic phenomena – rain, snow, wind – are formed.
4. Normal temperature lapse rate
5. The layer in which all bio and organic activities take place.
6. The limit of the troposphere is tropopause. Temperature -80°C at the equator and -45°C at the Poles.

b) Stratosphere

1. Second layer
2. Extends to nearly 50 km
3. Ozone layer -1 important
4. Ozonosphere
5. Stratopause

c) The Mesosphere

1. Above the Stratosphere
2. Extends up to 80 km
3. Temperature-100°C(80km)
4. Mesopause

d) The Thermosphere

1. Thermosphere has two parts – Ionosphere
2. Extends from 80 km to 400 km
3. Ion atoms with electrical charges
4. Radio broadcasts

e) The Exosphere

1. The topmost layer
2. We have only limited knowledge about this layer.
3. Slowly dissolves into space

Question 40.
Identify and mark the following on the given outline map of India.
a) An island group in the Arabian Sea
b) The strait separating India and Sri Lanka
c) The largest state in India
d) The eastern most state in India
e) The capital of Tamil Nadu
f) The Highest peak of South India
Answer:
a) Lakshadweep
b) Palk Strait
c) Rajasthan
d) Arunachal Pradesh
e) Chennai