Kerala Plus One Sociology Board Model Paper 2021 with Answers

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus One Sociology Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2021 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus One Sociology Board Model Paper 2021 with Answers.

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Total Scores : 80

I. Answer any 4 questions from 1 to 8. Each carries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
_______ is a position of an individual in a society or in a group.
Answer:
Status

Question 2.
Bhopal tragedy is an example of disaster.
Answer:
Man-made environmental tragedies

Question 3.
_______ is the dynamic’behavioural aspects of a status.
Answer:
Role

Question 4.
Complete the chart:

Answer:
Informal

Question 5.
The groups whose life styles are emulated are known as _______.
Answer:
Reference Group

Question 6.
______ the application of one’s own cultural values in evaluating the behaviour and belief of people from other culture.
Answer:
Ethnocentrism

Question 7.
Identifying the cartoon of a politician is an example of _____.
Answer:
Cognitive ability

Question 8.
Give an example for revolutionary social change.
Answer:
The French Revolution

II. Answer any three questions from 9 to 14. Each carries scores. (3 × 2 = 6)

Question 9.
What is Psychology?
Answer:

1. This is the science dealing with the behaviour of a person.
2. Psychology is the study related to a person.
3. The subject matters of psychology are a person’s study, intelligence, memory, inspirations, nervous system, reaction time, hopes, expectations, dreams and anxieties.

Question 10.
Explain the term kinship.
Answer:
Kinship is the relation one gets either through marriage or through blood relation. The basis of kinship is marriage or blood connection.

Question 11.
Write any two characteristics of culture.
Answer:

1. The style or methods of thoughts, attitudes, beliefs.
2. The total life style of a people

Question 12.
Give two limitations of interview method.
Answer:

1. The nature of interview might be disrupted because of the changes in the mental attitude of the respondent. Sometimes the concentration of the interviewer might be lost.
2. The structure of an interview is unstable and beyond prediction.
3. When the interview is recorded some important information could be lost.

Question 13.
What is ecology?
Answer:
Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms, including human beings, to one another and to their physical surroundings. Mountains, rivers, plains, oceans, and all the flora & fauna are part of Ecology.
Scientific studies about these this is Environmental Science. Ecology is a branch of it.

Question 14.
Explain the term gentrification.
Answer:
Gentrification is the process by which members of a lower class become members of the middle class or the upper class. This is a phenomenon that happens in urban regions.

III. Answer any 3 questions from 15 to 20. Each carries 3 scores. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 15.
a) Name the sociologist who coined the concept sociological imagination.
b) Explain sociological imagination.
Answer:
a) C. Wright Mills
b) It describes how individuals and the society are mutually related.

1. It is clear awareness about the relation between personal experience and the broader social and historical context.
2. It is the ability to view a thing socially.
3. A person with social imagination can take decisions as per the circumstances and thus he is able to move forward.
4. This helps in the observation of the society based on facts.

Question 16.
Select the appropriate terms from the bracket for the question below.
(Polygyny, Polyandry, Family of orientation, Family of procreation, Monogamy, Polygamy)
a) One man marries one woman at a time.
b) One woman marries more than one man at a time.
c) The family in which an individual is bom.
Answer:
a) Monogamy – One man marries one woman at a time.
b) Polyandry – A woman marries more than one man at a time.
c) Family of Orientation – the family in which an individual is bom.

Question 17.
Explain the three dimensions of culture.
Answer:
Culture has three dimensions-cognitive, normative and’material.

1. Cognitive: It is the process by which we give meanings to things after having become aware of them by seeing and hearing them.
2. Normative: This indicates rules of behaviour.
3. Material: Any activity using material things is included in this.

Question 18.
List out the basic form of advantages which privilage groups enjoy.
Answer:
a) Opportunities in life
b) Social status
c) Political influence

Question 19.
Why environmental problems are also social problems?
Answer:

1. Environmental problems often become social problems.
2. This is connected with social inequality. Therefore environmental problems affect different groups in different ways.
3. It is social status and power that help people to save themselves from Environmental problems.
4. But the solutions they find often increase social inequalities.
5. Some environmental problems are universal. They affect all.

Question 20.
What is the difference between achieved status and ascribed status?
Answer:
The social status one gets by birth and without his will is called ascribed status. Examples – Age, case, gender, race, kinship. All the status one gets through them is ascribed status. In simple and traditional societies, status is ascribed. Acquired status is what one willingly acquires through his capabilities, achievements, values and choices.

IV. Answer any 3 questions from 21 to 26. Each carries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 21.
Differentiate between Com monsense Knowledge and Sociological Knowledge.
Answer:

Sociological Knowledge	Common sense Knowledge
Makes use of scientificmethods.	No scientific frame or review of information.
Asks specific questions.	No possibility for self reflexivity.
Uses precise methods for studies and collecting data.	The findings of Common sense
Findings are subjected to scientific studies and analyses.	Knowledge are not questioned.
All knowledge can be questioned.	It is not compulsory to believe in Common sense Knowledge.
Tries to find out the truth about knowledge.	It can be right or wrong.

Question 22.
Classify the following items into appropriate columns: (Open system, Closed system, Ascribed status, Achieved status, Birth, Rigid, Income, Flexible)
Answer:

Caste	Class
Closed system	Open System
Ascribed status Acquired status Birth	Income
Rigid	Flexible

Question 23.
Distinguish between objectivity and subjectivity.
Answer:
Objectivity has no prejudices. It is impartial. Conclusions are based only on facts. When we make an objective approach we can’t give’any consideration to our personal feelings or emotions. Subjectivity is based on personal values and preferences. A person’s emotions and interests are reflected here. A person’s feelings, emotions and interests will be reflected there

Question 24.
Write any four challenges to social order in urban areas.
Answer:

1. Gated community
2. Gentrification
3. Homogenization of community
4. Density of population

Question 25.
Explai n the concept welfare state proposed by A. R. Desai.
Answer:

1. Welfare state is a creative (positive) state.
2. It s a democratic state.
3. It is a state in which there is mixed economy.

Question 26.
Match the following:

A	B
Karl Marx	Social fact
Emile Durkheim	Alienation
Max Weber	Rational thinking
Enlightment	Social action

Answer:

A	B
Karl Marx	Alienation
Emile Durkheim	Social Fact
Max Weber	Social action
Enlightment	Rational thinking

V. Answer any 3 questions from 27 to 32. Each carries 5 scores. (3× 5 = 15)

Question 27.
List out the similarities and differences between Sociology and Anthropology.
Answer:

Sociology	Anthropology
1. Studies about contemporary societies.	1. Studies primitive societies or simple societies.
2. It is the study of modern and complex societies. It teaches more about Bureaucracy, religion, caste, social dynamism, all of which are part of society.	2. Special studies were based regions where there are simple societies, e.g. Andaman Islands, Melanesia, etc.
3. It makes use of	3. The study method of social anthropologists is field work. They stay with the people about whom they want to study and make researches about their race and other important details.
research methods like survey, questionnaire, etc. to gather data for analysis and making conclusions. ,	4. Anthropology studies a society in its entirety. They study all aspects of the society and they study an make appropriate interpretations.
4. Sociologists make complete studies about social institutions like family, marriage, etc.	Anthropology

Question 28.
Match the following:

A	B
Primary Group	School
Secondary Group	Family
Peer Group Doctor	Doctor
Ascribed status	Same age group
Achieved status	Caste

Answer:

A	B
Primary Group	Family
Secondary Group	School
Peer Group Doctor	Same age Group
Ascribed status	Caste
Achieved status	Doctor

Question 29.
Distinguish between endogamy and exogamy as rules of marriage.
Answer:

• Endoaamv
  1. A method in which life partner is chosen from the same community.
  2. Marriage outside the community is not allowed. Example: Marriages of caste, race, tribe groups.
• Exoaamv
  1. A method in which a person marries from a different community.
  2. This is just opposite to endogamy. This is practised in groups based on caste, religion, race, or region.

Question 30.
Prepare a short note on cosmopolitanism.
Answer:

1. Cosmopolitanism recognises and respects the differences in other cultures.
2. A person with cosmopolitan attitude does not assess people who have other values and beliefs with the criteria of his own culture.
3. People with cosmopolitan attitude respect and imbibe some of the good things in other cultures and thus make their own culture richer.
4. It encourages cultural exchanges and borrowings.

Question 31.
Explain the basic features of bureaucracy.
Answer:
a) The working of the officials.
b) Hierarchical division of official positions.
c) Belief in the written documents.
d) Running the Office.
e) Behaviour in the office.

Question 32.
Write short note on:
a) Competition
b) Conflict
Answer:

• Competition
  1. It is a universal phenomenon.
  2. It is sociological process.
  3. The modern society and the capitalist economy are based on competition.
  4. Capitalists give greater importance to profit and efficiency.
• Conflict
  1. It is the shortage of resources in the society that leads to conflicts.
  2. The efforts to get resources and control them lead to conflicts.
  3. The fight among different interests is called conflict.

IV. Answer any 3 questions from 33 to 38. Each carries 6 scores. (3 × 6 = 18)

Question 33.
Examine the scope of Sociology.
Answer:
The scope pf sociology is very big.

1. It studies different types of social relations – at the individual, social, and global level.
2. The study of sociology helps to have clear cut attitudes.
3. Sociology gives greater importance to factual knowledge.
4. It releases people from the narrow-mindedness created by race, class, region, religion, etc.
5. It discusses social problems like unemployment, caste conflicts, laws that deny the rights of forest dwellers, the entry of foreign universities in the country, etc. and suggests steps to solve them.
6. It discusses the need for social solidarity.
7. It discusses various and regional and international issues and things like social- cultural changes, relations, stratification, group, status, population, social organisations, etc.

Question 34.
Explain the role of any three agencies in Social Control.
Answer:
There are many agencies that ensure social control. Family, Peer groups, school and mass media are some of them.

Family:
Socialization starts from the family. Some children live with their parents and siblings in the nuclear family whereas other children live in extended families with many members. In a nuclear family, the parents are the main socializing agents. But in joint or extended families grandparents, uncles etc. also become socializing agents.

1. In traditional societies, the family into which a child is born decides its social status.
2. The area of the family into which a child is born and the social class there seriously affect its socialization models. Children imbibe their behaviour and manners from their parents and the people in the neighbourhood.
3. Some children accept the attitudes of their without questions. This is true especially in the contemporary times.

Peer Groups:
Peer groups are another agency for socialization. Children of the same age who are friendly with one another are the peer groups. Children of 4 or 5 years of age spend a lot of time with their peers.

1. Peer means equal. The friendliness among children will be based on equality.
2. Physically stronger children might try to dominate the weaker ones. Still there will be friendship among them and the consequent give and take.

Parents often use their authority to enforce discipline among their children. But in the peer groups they do mutual cooperation. Peer group influence plays a big role in a person’s life. In moulding his nature, life style, attitudes and behaviour, it plays a big role. Schools:
Study in school is a formal process. There is a fixed curriculum there. Even then schools are an important agency of socialization. The knowledge and values the teachers give the students help in their socialization process.

1. Sociologists point out that along with the curriculum, there is a hidden syllabus which helps their studies.
2. In India and South Africa, in some schools, the . girls there are expected to keep the classrooms swept and clean.
   In some schools there have been protests against this practice. They showed their protest by making the boys and girls do certain things which are not expected from them by the society.

Question 35.
Prepare a short note on survey method.
Answer:
In sociology survey is the most-used research method. Information is collected from a group of selected people and in this way a detailed view about the subject becomes available. The people selected for making the study are called respondents.

Question 36.
Explain that resource depletion is a major environ-mental problem.
Answer:

1. Overuse of natural resources which can’t be recreated or renewed brings about resource depletion.
2. The petroleum that is taken from underground depletes fast.
3. Overexploitation of water and earth and the lowering of the underground water cause serious resource depletion.
4. The topsoil has been formed as a result of the work of many, many years. Its loss causes soil erosion, stagnant water pools like marshy land and saltif ication of the surface.

Question 37.
Explain the six features of caste system emphasised by G.S. Ghurye.
Answer:
a) Segmental division of society.
b) Hierarchy or stratification
c) Civil & religious disabilities and privileges.
d) Lack of unrestricted choice of occupation.
e) Restriction on food, drinks & social contacts
I) Marriage restrictions.

Question 38.
Distinguish between Mechanical Solidarity and Or-ganic Solidarity.
Answer:

Mechanical Solidarity	Organic Solidarity
This is a feature of primitive societies.	It is a feature of complex industrial society.
Similarity is the reason for unity.	Dissimilarity (Diversity) is the reason for unity.
Exits in small communities.	Exists in larger communities.
Self-sufficient	Not self-sufficient
Differences between them will be less.	Division of labour is more.
Division of labour is less.	People live depending on others.
Believes, emotionality, sense of righteousness make them united.	Individual are given importance.
	Laws are subject to corrections and changes.

VII. Answer any 2 questions from 39 to 42. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 39.
a) Explain the concept family (2)
b) Examine the different forms of family based on rule of residence, authority and tradition. (6)
Answer:
a) • Family is the basic unit of the society.
• The most important primary group in the society is family.
• Family is a universal institution and it is stable. Marriage, kinship etc. are important in all societies.

b) Different forms of families:
• Depending on the nature of dwelling, we divide families into two: Matrilocal families and Patrilocal families.
• In matrilocal families the couple stays with the parents of the bride.
• In patrilocal families the couple stays with the parents of the bridegroom.

• Depending on authority, families are divided into two:
  1. Patriarchal families, Matriarchal families.
  2. In patriarchal families man has the authority.
  3. In matriarchal families woman has the authority. Here the mother has all the authorities.
• Depending on the Line of Descent, families are divided into two:
  1. Matrilineal and Patrilineal
  2. In matrilineal families, the line of descent is through the mother.
  3. In patrilineal families, the line of descent is through the father.

Question 40.
Prepare an eassy on the role of different agencies of Socialisation.
Answer:

1. The most important process in a person’s life is socialization.
2. This is a process that lasts from birth to the death of a person.

Question 41.
Explain any four causes for social change.
Answer:
Social changes can be categorised on the basis of their sources/reasons. The reasons can be internal or external.
Reasons for Social Change

• Environmental
• Technical
• Economic
• Political
• Cultural

Question 42.
a) Explain participant observation.
b) Write three merits and demerits of participant observation.
Answer:
a) Participant observation is very common in sociology and social anthropology.

b) In this method, a social scientists or a researcher immerses himself in the daily activities of the participants in order to record the behaviour in as many scenarios as possible. The researchers can observe the daily life of the people: their exchanges with each other, their formal and informal conversations, habits, etc. Participant observation is quite different from the other methods of research. The field work here includes mutual contacts between the researcher and the participants for a very long time.

Sociologists or researchers spend a year or more with the group of people about whom they are making the studies or doing the research. The sociologists that are not part of the group about which they are studying fully immerse themselves in the culture and various activities of the group. They learn their language and become participants in their daily life. By this, they are able to collect information about their inborn abilities, knowledge and expertise.

The aim of participant observation is learning the entire life style of the group which the researcher is studying. The social scientist and the social anthropologist study the things as if they are in a new world. Participant observation is often called field work. Field work came from the natural sciences like botany, zoology and geology. The scientists in these fields do not confine themselves to the laboratories. They go to the fields and study everything about rocks, insects, plants and animals. That is who the name field work came.