Kerala Plus Two Geography Question Paper March 2021 with Answers

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Geography Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2021 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Geography Previous Year Question Paper March 2021

Maximum : 60 Scores
Time : 2 Hours
Cool-ff time : 15 minutes

Each Questions from 1 to 6 carries 1 scores. (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 1.
Identify the pull factor of migration:
a) Water shortage
b) Unemployment
c) Educational facitities
d) Epidemics
Answer:
c) Educational facitities

Question 2.
Which among the following is a primary activity?
a) Hunting
b) Trade
c) Transport
d) Tourism
Answer:
a) Hunting

Question 3.
Which of the following streams of internal migration where male migrants dominate in India?
a) Rural-Rural
b) Rural-Urban
c) Urban-Rural
d) Urban-Urban
Answer:
b) Rural-Urban

Question 4.
A health indicator used to measure Human Development in India.
а) Rich resource base
b) Life free from illness
c) Education
d) Employment
Answer:
b) Life free from illness

Question 5.
Name the port located on the River Hugli.
a) Visakhapatnam Port
b) Chennai Port
c) Mumbai Port
d) Kolkata Port
Answer:
d) Kolkata Port

Question 6.
The target area planning sutiable for Rajasthan Desert:
a) Hill Area Development Programme
b) Command Area Development Programme
c) Drought Prone Area Development Programme
d) Tribal Area Development Programme
Answer:
c) Drought Prone Area Development Programme

Each question from 7 to 14 carries 2 scores. (8 × 2 = 16)

Question 7.
Define Human Geography.
Answer:
Human Geography is the study of the socio-cultural environment created by man through his interaction with the physical environment.

Question 8.
What is Population Pyramid?
Answer:
Population Pyramid is the graph showing the number of men and women of different ages in the population.

Question 9.
What do you mean by Public Sector Industries? Give one example.
Answer:
Public Sector Industries are those which are owned and controlled by the government, e.g. Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO).

Question 10.
Distinguish between quaternary and quinary economic activities.
Answer:
Quaternary economic activities are those services centred on research and development in the areas of gathering, production and exchange of information. These are services that need special knowledge and technical expertise, and they are fast-developing. Quinary economic activities are the activities of the decision makers and policy formulators.

Question 11.
What are Ports of Call? Give one example.
Answer:
Ports of Call are those ports along the chief ocean or sea routes. The ships passing through these routes stop at these ports for refuelling and collecting other necessities like food, water and various others things. An example is the port of Singapore.

Question 12.
List out any two factors affecting the location of rural settlements.
Answer:
Availability of water and materials for making things.

Question 13.
Define the following:
a) Conurbation
b) Megalopolis
Answer:
a) Conurbation is different towns and cities merging together and making a large city complex.
b) Megalopolis is conurbations merging into a huge urban complex with large populations.

Question 14.
Write any two problems of Indian Agriculture.
Answer:
a) Over-dependence on the monsoons.
b) Low productivity.

Each question from 15 to 25 carries 3 scores. (11 × 3 = 33)

Question 15.
Name three components of population change.
Answer:
Birth Rate, Death Rate, Migration.

Question 16.
Distinguish between Growth and Development.
Answer:
Growth is quantitative and beyond values. It can be positive or negative. Development means favourable and positive growth. When the growth is positive, there is development.

Question 17.
‘Equity’ is one of the pillars in the idea of Human Development. Write the other major pillars.
Answer:
Apart from Equity, the other pillars of Human Development are Stability, Productivity, and Empowerment.
Stability: This refers to the availability of continuous opportunities. For stable human development, each generation should have the same amount of opportunities. Each generation should ensure opportunities for the future generations.

Productivity: Productivity refers to the making of things using human labour. By developing the talents and abilities of people, productivity must be increased. Knowledge and health-care will increase productivity.

Empowerment: Empowerment means getting the knowledge and energy to choose opportunities properly. When freedom and abilities increase, this energy is obtained. To empower people, good administration and people-centred policies are necessary. The empowerment of socially and economically backward people should be given special importance.

Question 18.
Write a short note on the characteristic features of plantation agricultrue
Answer:
In plantation agriculture, the main crops are tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, oil palm, sugar cane, banana, and pineapple. Some of the other features of plantation agriculture are:

1. Large estateS/groves
2. high capital
3. technical management
4. scientific agricultural methods
5. single crop production.

Question 19.
Write a short note on underground mining.
Answer:
When mineral ores lie buried deep below the earth’s surface, underground mining becomes necessary. In this type of mining vertical tunnels are made and through them the gathered ores are brought to the surface. For this, lifts, drilling equipment and ventilator facilities etc. are essential. Poisonous gases, fire, floods, landslides etc. can be risky factors in underground mining.

Question 20.
Write any three characteristic features of Inland water transport.
Answer:

1. Least expensive mode of transport.
2. Many possibilities for tourism.
3. Most suitable for transporting heavy goods and large numbers of travellers.
4. Causes less atmospheric pollution.

Question 21.
Define density of population. Distinguish between physiological density and agricultural density.
Answer:
Density is the proportion between the largeness of the area and the population of that area. It is calculated on the basis of how many people are there per square kilometre.
Density = Population/the area of the region.
Physiological density = Total population/net cultivated area.
Agricultural density = Total agricultural population/ net agricultural land.

Question 22.
What are Border Roads? Write its importance.
Answer:
Border roads are the roads built on the international borders. These roads play a big role in uniting the people in isolated places and to ensure their safety. Most countries have such roads to transport things to the border villages and military camps.

Question 23.
Classify the Indian towns on the basis of their evolution.
Answer:
On the basis of their evolution, the Indian cities are divided into three:
Ancient cities, Medieval cities and Modem cities. Ancient cities: These are cities with a historical background of more than 2000 years. Most of these cities developed as cultural centres. Examples are Varanasi, Patliputra and Prayag.

Medieval cities: Most of these developed as capitals of principalities and provinces. Fort cities also are also included in this category. Examples are Delhi, Hyderabad, and Agra.

Modern cities: These are cities developed in India by the British and other Europeans. Commercial port cities like Surat, Daman, Goa, British administrative centres like Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, and Industrial centres like Jamshedpur come in this category.

Question 24.
Write any three merits of rain water harvesting.
Answer:

1. Replenish ground water sources.
2. Resists reduction of water levels.
3. Prevents landslides and floods.
4. Prevents salt water seeping into the areas near seashores.

Question 25.
Write a short note on the Petroleum resources of India.
Answer:
Petroleum mining started in India in Digboi in Assam. Recently new oil deposits were discovered in the western and eastern regions of India. The main oil fields are Digboi, Naharkatia and Moran in Assam, Ankleshwar, Kalol, Mehsana, Navagam, Kosamba, Lunej in Gujarat, and Mumbai High in Maharashtra. Mumbai High is an offshore oil field, 160 km away from Mumbai.

Each Questions from 26 to 35 carry 4 scores. (10 × 4 = 40)

Question 26.
Explain briefly about the pull factors of migration.
Answer:
The main pull factors of migration are better job opportunities, better life, peace and stability, security of life and property, good climate, etc. Better educational opportunities, better health care facilities, better entertainment facilities also are other pull factors.

Question 27.
Distinguish between the positive growth of population and negative growth of population.
Answer:
When the birth rate is more than the death rate in a given period, there is positive growth of population. Here the population increases. If there is a lot of migration into a country, then also, positive growth of population takes place. When the population decreases in an area in a given period there is negative growth of population. When birth rate is less than death rate, or people migrate in large to other countries, there will be negative growth of population.

Question 28.
Explain the various approaches in Human Development.
Answer:
The various approaches in Human Development are:

1. income approach
2. welfare approach
3. basic needs approach
4. capability approach

Income approach: This was the early time approach to Human Development. This approach states that the freedom an individual enjoys is reflected in his income. If the income level is higher, then it leads to higher human development.

Welfare approach: This approach looks at people as the beneficiary of all development programmes. This approach focuses on higher Government expenditure on health, education, social welfare and basic amenities. By spending more on welfare schemes it is the duty of the government to make human development possible.

Basic Needs approach: The International Labour Organisation (ILO) proposed the basic needs approach. As per this approach, six basic needs of the human needs are identified and they are: health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing. These needs are stressed in this approach.

Capability approach: This approach was given by Indian economist, Dr Amartya Sen. As per capability approach, the key to increasing human development is access to resources, building human capabilities in the areas of education, and health.

Question 29.
List the features of Dairy Farming.
Answer:
Characteristic Features of Dairy Farming:

1. High breed milch animals are reared scientifically in the most modern ways.
2. It needs high capital investment.
3. Stable, cattle feed, milking machines, etc. increase the expenses.
4. More importance to breeding and the health of the animals.
5. Many workers are needed.
6. No holiday time, orvacation, asavailable in other kinds of farming.
7. Because it is market-oriented, they are located near big city and industrial centres.

Question 30.
Explain briefly the characteristic features of Nomadic Herding.
Answer:
Features of Nomadic herding:

1. An ancient means of livelihood.
2. Shepherds depend on their animals for their food, clothes, stay, and travel.
3. They move with their animals from one place to another.
4. Each group will have definite grazing areas.
5. In different areas different kinds of animals are reared. It also depends on the climate.
6. Because of definite international borders and new housing regulations, this way of living is becoming less popular.
7. This is concentrated on three areas: a) From the western shores of Africa to Mongolia, China, b) the Tundra Regions of Eurasia, c) Africa- Madagascar.

Question 31.
Write a short note on the significance of Satellite Communication.
Answer:
Significance of Satellite Communication:

1. Internet is the huge electronic chain that links people all over the world.
2. It reduces the expenses for communication and lessens the relevance of time.
3. Through satellites, long distance communication, television and radio broadcasting, and climatic forecasts have become more efficient.
4. E-mail, E-commerce, E-learning, E-governance etc. are made possible.
5. It makes the concept of global village possible.

Question 32.
What do you mean by migration? Differentiate between life time migrant and migrant by last residence.
Answer:
The moving of people from one region to live in another region, permanently or temporarily, is called migration.
If the region recorded in the census is different from ones’ region of birth, such migrants are called life time migrants.
If the region recorded in census is different from the previously recorded region, such migrants are called migrants by last residence

Question 33.
List out the differences between rural and urban settlements.
Answer:

1. Rural settlements depend on primary activities connected with the land for their livelihood.
2. Urban settlements depend more on industrial and service sectors.
   Villages give cities their food items, and raw materials. In return the cities give services to the villages in their jurisdiction.
3. In villages, the relations among people are stronger. But in cities people are always busy; they live a complex life, and their social relations will be merely official.
4. In villages, the population and its density will be less. But in cities, the population and its density will be more.

Question 34.
What are non-conventional sources of energy? Write a short note on any one of them.
Answer:
Non-conventional sources of energy are solar, wind; energy, geothermal, tidal, and biomass. They are renewable and stable sources of energy. They are distributed everywhere in almost equal measure. They are environmental friendly, and less expensive, except for the initial cost.

Solar energy: Solar technologies convert sunlight into electrical energy either through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors that concentrate solar v radiation. This energy can be used to generate electricity or be stored in batteries or thermal storage. It is less expensive, environmental friendly and can be easily made.

Question 35.
Write a short note on Mumbai-Pune Industrial region.
Answer:
Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region: This region extends from Thane to Pune and in adjoining districts of Nasik and Sholapur. This region’s development began with the first cotton industry in Mumbai. When the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, the Mumbai port became important and this helped in the growth of this industrial region. Moreover the starting of different chemical industries, and the work of Mumbai High offshore oil fields added energy to this region.

Industries producing engineering products, oil purification, petroleum based products, hides and skins, synthetics, plastics, medicines, chemical fertilizers, electrical goods, ship-building, electronics and software industries grew up here. The main centres here are Mumbai, Colaba, Kalyan, Thane, Trombay, Pune, Nasik and Sholapur.

Each Questions from 36 to 38 carries 6 scores. (3 × 6 = 18)

Question 36.
Describe briefly the demographic transition theory.
Answer:
Demographic transition theory can be used to explain and forecast the future population of any region. This theory points out that when a community moves from rural-agricultural-iIIerate level to urban- industrial-literate level, the population there moves from high birth-death rate to low birth-death rate. These changes that have been happening for ages are generally called demographic transition.

As can be seen in the picture, demographic transition is in three stages. 4 In the early stage birth rate and death rate were high. To compensate for the loss of lives due to contagious diseases and unequal distribution of food, people started producing more children. Since both the death rate and birth rate were high, the population growth was very slow.

During this stage most of the people were illiterate, and did agricultural work. Technical knowledge was very little. Longevity was less. 4 In the second stage, although in the beginningthe birth rate remained high, slowly it began to decrease. Death rate also slowly decreased. The reason was the improvement in the sanitation
and health care sectors. This difference in the birth rate and death rate resulted in the population increasing.

In the final stage, both birth and death rates reseriously reduced. In the birth rate either there is stability or very slow growth. Urbanization, high literacy, and technical knowledge made people to deliberate reduce the size of their families.

Question 37.
Explain briefly the social and economic consequences of migration.
Answer:

• Social consequences of migration:
  1. Migration works as the driving force for social change. Ideas connected with the new technology, family planning, women education etc. move from urban centres to villages.
  2. Migration brings together people of different cultures.
  3. The mental horizons of people become enlarged and their narrow thinking vanishes.
  4. The social emptiness caused by the strangeness of the place and people and boredom etc. are some of negative results of migration. These things may lead some people even to commit crimes and become alcohol and drug addicts.
• Economic Consequences of Migration:
  1. The money sent by the migrants is the main gain for the people from where the people migrate. This is big sources of foreign exchange.
  2. Just like international migration, internal migration also helps in the growth of regions.
  3. The money sent by the migrants is used for food, marriage, agriculture, and house construction by the people who remain at home.

Question 38.
Explain the classification of urban centres based on their function with suitable example.
Answer:
Based on their functions urban centres can be classified as shown below:
a) Administrative towns and cities: The more important administrative institutions are situated here. Examples: New Delhi, Bhopal.

b) Industrial cities: These are cities where industries are concentrated.
Examples are: Murnbai, Salem.

c) Transport Cities: These cities are ports or centres of internal transport.
Examples: Kochi, Agra

d) Commercial cities: They are famous for
Examples: Kolkata, Sahranpur.

e) Mining Cities: These are cities that flourish in mineral rich areas.
Examples: Raniganj, Jharia

f) Defence Cities: They are cities which developed as military centres.
Examples: Ambala, Jalandhar

g) Educational Cities: They started as educational centres or Campus cities.
Examples: Chennai, Bangalore

h) Cultural Cities: They are linked to culture and religion.
Examples: Varanasi, Mathura

i) Entertainment Cities: They cater mainly to the tourist industry.
Examples: Shimla, Mount Abu

Question 39.
Identify the following Geo-information and locate them on the given outline map of India. Each carries 1 score. (7 x 1 = 7)
a) The urban agglomeration which received the higher number of migrants.
b) The state which is the leading producer of Coffee.
c) A market based oil refinery.
d) The largest coal field.
e) The headquarter of Northern Railway Zone.
f) The most polluted tributary of the river Ganga.
g) The state which is the leading producer of Manganese.
Answer:

a) Greater Mumbai
b) Karnataka
c) Barouni
d) Jharia
e) New Delhi
t) Yamuna
g) Odisha