Kerala Plus Two Political Science Board Model Paper 2023 with Answers

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Political Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2023 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Political Science Board Model Paper 2023 with Answers.

From Questions 1 to 12 answer for 16 scores.

Question 1.
Name the leader of the Freedom Movement of India who was popularly known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’.
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
(d) Sardar Patel
Answer:
(c) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

Question 2.
Match the following:

(a) Socialist Party	i) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
(b) Communist Party	ii) C. Raj ag opal achari
(c) Bharatiya Jana Sangh	iii) A.K. Goplan
(d) Swatantra	iv) Acharya Narendra Dev

Answer:

(a) Socialist Party	i) Acharya Narendra Dev
(b) Communist Party	ii) A.K. Goplan
(c) Bharatiya Jana Sangh	iii) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
(d) Swatantra	iv) C. Raj ag opal achari

Question 3.
Shimla Agreement was signed by and
(a) Lai Bahadur Shastri and General Ayub Khan
Answer:
(c) Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Question 4.
Who is known as the ‘Architecture of first five year plan’?
Answer:
Dr. K.N. Raj

Question 5.
Which organization led to the formation of Right to Information Act?
Answer:
M.K.S.S

Question 6.
Which commission recommended 27% reservation for OBC candidates in all levels or government?
Answer:
Mandal Commission

Question 7.
Identify the American President who declared “Operation Enduring Freedom”.
Answer:
George Bush

Question 8.
Complete the following table related to ASEAN: (2)
Answer:
(a) ASEAN Security Community
(b) ASEAN Economic community

Question 9.
Which of the following is not a SAARC country?
(a) India
(b) Nepal
(c) Indonesia
(d) Bangladesh
Answer:
(c) Indonesia

Question 10.
Write the expansion of‘NIEO’.
Answer:
New International Economic Order

Question 11.
Kyoto Protocol deals with which of the following areas?
(a) Migration
(b) Climate Change
(c) Human Rights
Answer:
(b) Climate Change

Question 12.
Match the following:

Sheikh Abdullah	Mizo National Front
E.V. Ramaswami	Operation Blue Star
Indira Gandhi	National Conference
Laldeng	Dravidar Kazhagam

Answer:

Sheikh Abdullah	National Conference
E.V. Ramaswami	Dravida Kazhagam
Indira Gandhi	Operation Blue Star
Laldeng	Mizo National Front

Answer any four questions from 13 to 17. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 13.
What are the factors responsible for the dominance of Congress Party in the first three General Elections?
Answer:

1. Heritage of national movement.
2. Organisational set up throughout the country.
3. Charismatic leaders like Nehru and others.

Question 14.
Explain any three consequences of emergency declared on 25th June, 1975.
Answer:

1. Widespread arrest of opposition leaders.
2. Censorship on press.
3.  Excessive use of preventive detection.

Question 15.
India and Bangladesh have.differences over several issues. Identify any three of them.
Answer:

1. Ganga-Brahmaputra water sharing.
2. Illegal migration.
3. Denial of natural gas to India.

Question 16.
Explain Non-traditional concept of security.
Answer:

1. Human security – Security of humans
2. Rather than physical structures
3. Global security – Security of all countries

Question 17.
Mention any two outcomes of Rio-Summit.
Answer:

1. Countries are agreed upon the issues of climate change, afforestation and bio-diversity.
2. Implementation of agenda 21.

Answer any four questions from 18 to 22. Each carries 4 scores. (4 × 4 = 16)

Question 18.
Evaluate two positive and two negative consequences of the Green Revolution.
Answer:
Green revolution: Positive effects
(a) Increase in food production especially wheat.
(b) Punjab, Haryana and western UP were the beneficiaries.

Negative effects.
(a) Rich landlords and peasants were the beneficiaries.
(b) Ordinary farmers remained poor and a middle class farmers emerged.

Question 19.
What are the reasons which led to the failure of Janatha Government?
Answer:
Lack of proper leadership and common agenda.
No fundamental change in the policies.
Differences of opinion among parties in the coalition.

Question 20.
The anti-arrack movement in Andhra Pradesh drew the attention of the country to some serious issues. What were these issues?
Answer:

1. The women in Nellore district came forward to protest against arrack trade.
2. The protest demanded the authorities to impose prohibition of arrack in the area.
3. The women folk of the society and their struggle addressed the issues of domestic violence, dowry, sexual violence and their campaign increased social awareness about womens problems.
4. The movement demanded equal representation to women’s in politics.

Question 21.
What was the main outcome of Rajiv Gandhi- Longowal Accord in July 1985?
Answer:

1. Chandigarh would be transferred to Punjab.
2. A separate commission will look into the border dispute between Punjab and Haryana.
3. A tribunal will decide the sharing of Ravi-Beas river water among Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
4. Compensation would be provided to those affected by the military.
5. Armed forces special Powers Act in Punjab would
6. be withdrawn.

Question 22.
Assess the role of ASEAN as an economic association.
Answer:

1. ASEAN was established in 1967 and its headquarters at Jakarta, in Indonesia.
2. ASEAN was one of the powerful alternative centres of power of the South East Asian Nations.
3. ASEAN adopted a vision 2020, which was their economic manifesto for the new millennium.
4. ASEAN has trade relations and agreements with European countries, U.S.A, China and India.
5. After the formation of ASEAN, the economy of the South East Asian countries became very powerful.

Answer any four questions from 23 to 27. Each carries 5 scores. (4 × 5 = 20)

Question 23.
India and Pakistan have a largely hostile relationship that is rooted in historical and political events. Identity those incidents that have shaken the relationship between the two after partition.
Answer:
Arms race between the two countries went on uninterrupted.

1. The Indian side says that Pakistan is helping the Kashmir militants with arms, money and trasings.
2. Pakistan had helped the pro Khalistan militants.
3. Sharing of water is another bone of contention between India and Pakistan.
4. Another issue between two countries is about the demaration line in the Rann of Katch.

Question 24.
Discuss the major issues which led to the formal split of the Congress Party in 1969.
Answer:
On president Zakir Hussain’s death a new president had to be elected. Syndicate nominated Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy as the president candidate. Indira Gandhi asked V.V Giri to file the nomination as an independent candidate. Congress president issued whip asked to vote for Neelam Sanjeev Readdy. Indira Gandhi called conscience vote and supported V.V. Giri. In this election V.V. Giri elected as the president of India. Sanjeeva Reddy defeated and the Congress party had split. The congress led by the syndicate came to be known as the Congress (0) and the group led by Indira Gandhi to be called Congress (R).

Question 25.
Explain the three types of U.S. Hegemony. Give exam pies for each.
Answer:
Hegemony as Hard Power:
Hard power implies dominance of super power on ground of military power.
Eg. War on Terror, Operation Iraqi freedom.

Hegemony as structural power:
Structural power implies the dominance of super power on grounds of economic terms.
Eg: Academic degree MBA, Bretton Wood twins and their role in structural policy.

Hegemony as Soft Power:
Soft power impels dominance of super power on grounds of cultural spheres,
eg: Capacity to manufacturing consent, Blue Jeans, Coco-cola, MC-Donald etc.

Question 26.
Explain the main issues in Indian Politics in the period after 1989.
Answer:
1. End of congress system : The election is 1989 marked the end of Congress system .and the emergence of multi-party system. It led to the coalition government also when regional parties played a critical role in forming alliance.

2. Mandal Issue : In 1990 the V.P. Singh government decided to implement the recommendations of second backward class commission popularly known as Mandal Commission. The major recommendation was reservation of 27% seats in educational institution and government jobs for backward classes. Violent anti-Mandal protests broke out in different parts of the country.

3. New Economic Policy : Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh started new economic reforms to change the direction of Indian economic policy. Liberalisation, privatisation, globalisation were the three core aspects of that policy. It was really a radical change in the economic policy of India.

4. Demolition of Babri Majid: The Babri Masjid was demolished in December 1992. The demolition marked many changes in Indian politics. Secular fabric of the country was disturbed and widespread riots took place all over India. The demolition was marked as a’point of time when religious sentiments used for electoral purposes.

Question 27.
What is globalisation? Analyse the political and cultural consequences of globalisation.
Answer:
The concept of globalization is the exchange of ideas, materials and human resources. Now this exchange is possible among nations without much control. Looked at this way, it assumes different levels of political, economic and cultural meanings. In this sense it has merits and demerits. Some societies may be affected only very little, but some may be affected much more. Let us see how it works:

Political results:
Politically speaking, the authority of the government gets weaker. It will have to reduce its welfare schemes. Instead of social welfare, the stress is on the market. With the coming MNCs (Multi National Corporations), it becomes difficult for the governments to take independent decisions. According to the advocates of globalization, no political power of the government is lost. The essential things will remain under the authority of the government. Since technology has advanced so much, governments can do a lot. Technology helps governments to know the details of their citizens and make the administration efficient.

Economic Results:
Globalization has influenced the economic sphere greatly. World Bank, IMF, WTO etc. play big roles. All these are controlled mainly by America and its allies. The world economy itself has come tinder their influence. In this, a re-thinking is necessary. It is high time that we found out who the beneficiaries of globalization are.

As a result of globalization, import controls are reduced or removed. The developed nations can now invest their capital in the developing nations. Investing in the developing nations is more profitable.’ Technologies develop without any limits of borders. But regarding the movement of people, the developed nations have made certain rules. Their countries are kept safe from foreign workers through the policy of Visa. Because of the visa rules, the jobs of their citizens are not taken away by emigrants.

There are arguments in favour and against economic globalization. Although the policy is the same, different places get different results. Those who think of social justice can look at the limitations on government only as a demerit of globalization. Those who are economically backward need some special security not to suffer from the demerits of globalization.

Some people believe that globalization makes the poor people poorer and so it must be stopped. But globalization brings about huge economic growth and the social welfare of many. Large scale commerce makes the economy better. It is not easy to prevent globalization in the forward march of history.

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 28.
‘Partition was not only a division of geographical area but a division of hearts also.’ Based on the above statement, explain the difficulties and consequences of partition.
Answer:
There were three reasons for that. First of all in British India, there was not a single area which had only Muslims, there were two areas in which the majority was Muslims, one in the West and the other in the East. Therefore Pakistan was formed consisting of two areas – West Pakistan and East Pakistan. Between them there were large areas of Indian Territory.

Secondly, not all areas with majority Muslim population wanted to become part of Pakistan. Khan Abdul Gaffer Khan, who was the leader of the North Western Province had objected to the Two-Nation Theory. But ignoring his objection, the North West Province was included in Pakistan.

The third problem was that British India’s Punjab and Bengal were areas with Muslim majority. Butin these huge provinces there were very many non- Muslims. Therefore the Provinces were divided into Districts and Panchayats depending on the religious majority of the population there. The result was that on the day of Independence many people did not know to which country they belonged – India or Pakistan. It deeply wounded the people.

The problem of the minorities in each country was the worst of all. The Hindus and Sikhs in the Pakistani areas and the Muslims in Punjab arid Bengal were unfortunate preys to this division of the country. When the division was decided upon, there was large scale violence against the minorities in both the countries.

The division of British India in 1947 into India and Pakistan was a very tragic incident in history. In the border areas many people on both sides were killed because of their religion and caste. Huge cities like Lahore, Amritsar and Calcutta became religious areas. Muslims avoided going to areas of Hindus and Sikhs. Similarly Hindus and Sikhs did not want to go near the Muslim areas. People were forced to flee their homes, suffering a lot of difficulties on their way. Many of the people in the minorities in the border areas had to live in refugee camps.

The govern ments and the police were not there to help them. People had to walk or ride in some vehicles from their homes to their new places. During the journey, many were attacked and killed; women were raped. Many were forced to accept the majority religion and marry people against their will. In many homes v women were killed by their own relatives in the name of honour.

Children were separated from their parents and guardians. People who came to the new land had no houses and they had to live in refugee camps. Not only the land, but even moveable properties like tables and chairs were divided. The government and railway workers were divided. People who were living like brethren were divided. It is believed that be-tween 5 to 10 lakh people lost their lives in this tragic division of the country.

Question 29.
Describe the causes of Soviet disintegration.
Answer:
There are many reasons for the disintegration of the USSR:
a) Political reasons
b) Economic reasons
c) The reforms of Gorbachev
a) Political Reasons

1. In the Soviet system there was bureaucratic misrule and misuse of authority. The life of ordinary people was not at all smooth.
2. Lack of democracy and lack of freedom of expression.
3. Although on paper Russia was just one of the 15 republics, it either suppressed or controlled the people of all other republics.

b) Economic reasons
To become equal with the US in weapons, USSR spent a lot of its money on weapons. USSR was behind the West in technology and internal structure. It had no ability to protect the political and economic interests of its people.

c) Reforms of Gorbachev
His two important reforms were Glasnost and Perestroika. They did not bring the expected results. They brought more troubles to the country leading to its disintegration.

Question 30.
Evaluate the proposed reforms of structure and process of UNO.
Answer:
There is a need to reform UNOaspertheneedofthe time. The circumstances today are different from those existing at the time of the formation of the UNO. There should be objective solutions to the problems of the world. No country should assume the role of world police.

There should be structural change in the UN to enable it to eradicate terrorism. There should be proper representation of the developing nations in the UN. The demand of India to have permanent membership in the Security Council is a logical and just demand. India wants permanent membership because of the following reasons:

1. It has the world’s second largest population.
2. It is the largest democracy in the world.
3. India has participated in the UN activities since its inception.
4. It has long relations with the UN Peacekeeping force.
5. India’s economic situation is improving.
6. India gives regularly to the UN budget. It has never defaulted on any payment.

The above reasons are good enough for India to get a permanent membership in the UN Security Council. Permanent membership has its own significance. India’s importance will increase in world matters. Our foreign policy will influence others.