Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Political Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2022 to improve time management during exams.
Kerala Plus Two Political Science Previous Year Question Paper March 2022
A. Answer any questions from 1 to 6. Each carries 1 Score. (4 × 1 = 4)
Question 1.
Khan Abdul Gafar Khan is also known as
a) Bengal Gandhi
b) Kerala Gandhi
c) Frontier Gandhi
Answer:
c) Frontier Gandhi
Question 2.
Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India?
a) T.N.Seshan
b) SukumarSen
c) A. Sam path
Answer:
b) SukumarSen
Question 3.
rom which country we adopted the concept of Five Year Plan?
a) Canada
b) USSR
c) USA
Answer:
b) USSR
Question 4.
Find out the person who called for Total Revolution.
a) Morarji Desai
b) Indira Gandhi
c) Jayaprakash Narayan
Answer:
c) Jayaprakash Narayan
Question 5.
Which of the following country adopted an open door policy?
a) China
b) South Korea
c) Japan
Answer:
a) China
Question 6.
Identify the leader Mizo National Front (MNF).
a) Lai Denga
b) Sheikh Abdullah
c) Agami Zappu Phizo
Answer:
a) Lai Denga
B. Answer all questions from 7 to 10. Each carries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)
Question 7.
During cold war superpowers formed a number of alliances. Find out the US led military alliance from the list given below.
a) Warsaw Pact
b) NATO
c) SEATO
Answer:
b) NATO
c) SEATO
Question 8.
The first Gulf war of 1990 is also known as
a) Operation Iraqi Freedom
b) Operation desert storm
c) Operation blue star
Answer:
b) Operation desert storm
Question 9.
Tamil Eelam is associated with which organisation?
a) NATO
b) LTTE
c) Maoist Group
Answer:
b) LTTE
Question 10.
In 1992 the first earth summit was held under the leadership of UNO. The summit was held at
a) France
b) Rio de-Janeiro
c) New York
Answer:
b) Rio de-Janeiro
Part – II
A. Answer any 3 questions from 11 to 15. Each . carries 2 scores. (3 × 2 = 6)
Question 11.
Congress Party get dominance in the first three general elections, ist out any two reasons for the dominance.
Answer:
- Inherited the legacy of the National Movement
- Strong organisational structure all over India.
- Charismatic leaders like Nehru, Azad etc.
Question 12.
Find out any two major objectives of Nehru’s Foreign Policy.
Answer:
- Preserve hard earned sovereignty
- Protect territorial integrity
- Promote rapid economic development
Question 13.
Write a short note on Chipko Movement.
Answer:
Chipko movement was started in 1923 in two or three villages of Uttarkand. The forest department prevented the villagers from cutting down a certain kind of trees Maximum PuSCisders with which they made their working implements but gave permission to a sports manufacturing company to cut down trees for commercial purposes. When the workers came to cut the trees, the villagers stood near the trees embracing them. As a result of the movement, the government issued an order to prohibiting the cutting down of trees in the Himalayan region.
Question 14.
Match the following:
| (i) India | (a) Gamal Abdul Nazar |
| (ii) Egypt | (b) Nehru |
| (iii) Indonesia | (c) Josip Broz Tito |
| (iv) Yugoslavia | (d) Sukarno |
Answer:
| (i) India | (a) Nehru |
| (ii) Egypt | (b) Gamal Abdul Nazar |
| (iii) Indonesia | (c) Sukarno |
| (iv) Yugoslavia | (d) Josip Broz Tito |
Question 15.
Soviet System has certain unique features. Identify any two features of Soviet System.
Answer:
- Egalitarian society
- Abortion of private property
B. Answer any 2 questions from 16 to 18. Each caries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)
Question 16.
Fill in the blanks.
ASEAN Community comprising three pillars. Namely ASEAN Security Community, ASEAN _____ Community, ASEAN ______ Community.
Answer:
Economic, Socio – cultural
Question 17.
From the list given below identify two permanent members of UN Security Council.
Answer:
USA, India, Brazil, China
Question 18.
India’s stand on environmental issue is always posi-tive. Identify two programmes adopted by India for environmental protection.
Answer:
- National Auto-full policy
- Energy conservation Act-2001
- National Mission on Bio-diesel
- Electricity Act of 2003
- Adoption of clean coal technologies (any two points)
Part – III
A. Answer any 3 questions from 19 to 23. Each caries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)
Question 19.
Briefly explain the differences between first and second five year plan.
Answer:
- First five year plan
- A renowned economist Dr. K.N. Raj prepared the draft plan of first five year plan.
- Priority to agriculture
- Poverty eradication
- Hasten slowly.
- Second five year plan
- P.C. Mahalanobis prepared the draft proposal of . the second five year plan
- Rapid industrialisation
- Priority to heavy industries
- Tariff on imported goods
Question 20.
Write a short note on Anti-Arrack movement. jaiaosccDailosrau
Answer:
In the 1990’s a large section of women in Nellur district of Andra Pradesh started an agitation against the drinking habit of their rhen-folk. Drinking alcohol causes both physical and mental harm. It also adversely affect the economic condition of the family. The women in Nellur protested against alcoholism and forced wine shops to close down.
They held : meetings and passed resolutions and sent them to the authorities. The protest in Nellur spread to the rest of the state.
Question 21.
Explain any two security threats faced by the con-temporary world.
Answer:
Terrorism:
Terrorist attacks make the life of ordinary citizens difficult. The try to bring about changes by threats or armed attacks. Their activities include hijacking planes and bombing towns and markets and other places where people assemble. The World Trade Centre attack of New York on 11 September 2001 was an example of extreme terrorism.
Human Rights violations:
We see that throughout the world there are human right violations wars, invasions, subjugations etc. are resulted in human rights issues.
Question 22.
Explain the consequences of shock therapy.
Answer:
- Many large scale industries under government control were closed.
- Rouble, the Russian currency, lost its value.
- Many big industries under government control collapsed.
- Because of inflation people lost the vaiue of their savings.
- The social welfare schemes were abandoned.
- Privatization made economic inequality among people.
Question 23.
Explain the political and economical consequences of Globalization.’
Answer:
- Political consequences
- Erosion of state capacity
- Welfare state giving way to minimalist state
- The market determines economic and social priorities
- Entry of multi-national companies
- Use of technology boost state capacity.
- Economic policies
- Economic ruls of weaker states
- Greater economic flows among different countries
- Economic rain of weaker states
- Promote interdependence and integration.
B. Answer any 1 Question from 24 to 25. Carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)
Question 24.
Explain Indians relations with Bangladesh.
Answer:
- Sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputhra river water..
- Issue of Illegal migration
- Refusal to allow Indian troops to move through its territory
- Extract natural gas.
- Coorperation on disaster management and environmental issues.
Question 25.
What are the main provisions of Punjab accord?
Answer:
Punjab Accord was an agreement signed between Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Longowal in 1985. This was also known as Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord. The main conditions are
a) Handover Chandigarh to Punjab
b) Appoint a new commission to solve border disputes
c) Establish a tribunal to solve water disputes.
d) Compensation and better treatment
e) Withdrawal dfAFSPA.
Part – IV
A. Answer any 3 questions from 26 to 29. Each caries 6 scores. (3 x× 6 = 18)
Question 26.
Indian General election of 1952 became a landmark in the history of democracy all over the world. Explain the challenges faced to conduct the first general election.
Answer:
The first election also was expected in 1950. In a country like India a free and fair election was not easy to conduct. We had 3 major challenges the formation of electoral constituencies, the making of the voters’ list, and participation of the people. For all this, a lot of time was required. The first voting was a really big event.
Such a huge event had never taken place anywhere in the world before. The people with voting rights were nearly 17 crores, but only 15% of them were literate. There fore the Commission had to think about the system of voting. The Election Commission trained nearly 300,000 officials and polling officers.
The election of this country with such a huge amount of illiterate people was very unusual. It was a really big experiment. Until then only developed nations had democratic governments, notably North America and Europe. In Europe, women had no voting rights. In such circumstances, Universal Adult Franchise in India was really a great adventure. Many criticized it.
The first election in India took place between October 1951 and February 1952. Election propaganda, voting, and counting the votes took more than 6 months. There was tough competition. For each seat, an average of 4 candidates competed. More than 50% of the people voted. When the results were declared the winners and losers accepted the verdict. Thus the Indian experiment was a success and India was able to contain the evil tongues that pre¬dicted disaster.
Question 27.
The process of partition was not an easy process. Explain the causes and process of partition.
Answer:
Causes of partition
a) Two Nation theory part forward by Muslim League
b) Political competition between Indian National congress and Muslim League.
c) The British policy of divide and rule
Process
- There was no single belt of muslim majority areas in British India
- Not all Muslim majority areas wanted to be in Pakistan.
- The Muslim majority areas like Punjab and Bengal had large number of others communities.
- Unsolved problem of minorities on the both sides of the borders.
Question 28.
Explain the circumstances that led the split of Congress in 1969.
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru had great influence in the party because of his dynamic personality. His death created a vacuum in the party. Gradually the central group known as the Syndicate established itself in the Congress.
In 1969 there arose a difference between Indira Gandhi and the Syndicate. When Dr. Zakir Hussain died, the Presidential post was vacant.
The Syndicate nominated Indira Gandhi’s long time rival and the then speaker Sanjiva Reddy to the post. But Indira Gandhi preferred the then Vice President VV. Girl to be the next President. V.V. Girl long time rival and the then speaker Sanjiva Reddy to the post. But Indira Gandhi preferred the then VicePresident V.V. Giri to be the next President. V.V. Giri was elected.
The failure of the official candidate of the Syndicate caused the formal division of the Congress. The Congress President suspended Indira Gandhi from the Party. Indira claimed that her group was the real Congress. In 1969, the Congress led by the Syndicate was known as Congress (O) and the one led by Indira Gandhi was called Congress (R).
Question 29.
Explain the internal and external dimensions of Kashmir issue.
Answer:
When India got independence, Jammu-Kashmir was a Princely State. Initially, the King Raja Hari Singh refused to join either India or Pakistan as he wanted to remain independent. The Pakistani leaders believed that since Jammu-Kashmir had a lot of Muslims, it would join Pakistan. The people there were known as Kashmiris. Under the leadership of Sheikh Abdulla there was an agitation to remove the King from power. But he also did not want to join Pakistan. National Conference was a secular organization. It was also pro-Congress. In October 1947 Pakistan encouraged some tribal groups to capture Pakistan. Then the King sought assistance from India.
The King signed the “Instrument of Accession” and so the Indian army helped the Jammu-Kashmir King. There was also a condition that when things become normal there would be a referendum. For the welfare of the people Sheikh Abdulla became the Prime Minister. India granted J&K autonomy.
External and Internal Squabbles:
Because of external and internal problems, J&K is always in the midst of crimes. On one side there is Pakistan claiming the Kashmir Valley. After the 1947 War, a part of Kashmir came under Pakistani control. India calls it illegal occupation. Pakistan calls this area Azad Kashmir. Internally also the Kashmir problems is a headache for the Centre.
According to Article 370, Kashmir is given greater autonomy than other States. This Article is applicable only to Jammu and Kashmir. The special concession causes problems. Many believe that this autonomy given to Kashmir will adversely affect the unity and indivisibility of the country. They feel that Article 970 should be removed. But the Kashmiris feel that the autonomy they got by Article 370 is not enough. Some Kashmiris put forward 3 complaints.
- No referendum has taken place so far.
- The status promised by Article 370 is only on paper, not in practice. They need more autonomy.
- They also say that the kind of democracy implemented in other States of India is not found in J&K.
B. Answer any 2 questions from 30 to 32. Each carries 6 scores. (2 × 6 = 12)
Question 30.
After 1980’s India witnessed five major developments that brought a long lasting impact in our politics. Explain any three developments.
Answer:
a) In 1989, Congress fost the election. With that election the ’Congress System’ ended.
b) Mandal issue in national politics: In the 1990s,the government decided to implement the job reservations recommended by the Mandal Commission. Reservations were also made for Other Backward Classes. This resulted in a move against the Mandal Commission throughout the country.
c) The economic policy changed according to the change in the government. A new economic policy was implemented in the name of Structural Adjustment.
d) In 1992, the Babri Masjid was demolished as a result of many things. It was an incident that threatened the unity and integration of the country. It happened because of the coming of BJP with its Hindutva agenda.
e) The Murder of Rajiv Gandhi (1991): This brought changes in the leadership of Congress. In the next election, Congress won the maximum seats.
Question 31.
Explain the political, economic and military influ-ences of European Union.
Answer:
After the WW II, many European countries faced serious financial crises. European leaders met together to find out ways of coming out of this problem. At this tim£ the Cold War between the US and USSR had started. America gave a lot of financial help to Europe. It is known as the Marshall Plan. Under NATO, America also signed a security treaty.
In 1948, under the Marshall Plan, “European Economic Cooperation” was founded. Its aim was to help West European countries. It became a fellowship and the member countries decided to cooperate in trade and other economic problems. For political cooperation, in 1949, “Council of Europe” was established. The unity among members finally led to the formation of European Economic Community in 1957. The coming of the European Parliament made the prganization very strong.
The disintegration of the USSR quickened the pace of . the growth of the European Union which was established in 1992. It helped in having a common foreign policy, law and justice and internal affairs. It also brought out a common currency the “Euro”. European Union became the world largest economic system. According to the statistics of 2005, their GDP was 12 trillion dollars.
This is more than the economy of America. Euro is stronger than American dollar. EU has become an important part of the WTO. European Union has great political and diplomatic importance. Britain and France which are its members have permanent membership in the UN Security Council. Therefore the EU can influence in the formation of important policies. For example, the nuclear programme of Iran. Militarily EU has the second.position in the world. Britain and France are also nuclear powers. In space research and communication, the EU occupies the second place.
Question 32.
Explain the principal organs of U.N.O.
Answer:
It was the realization that war would bring only ruin to mankind that prompted strong nations to think about peace. They realized that a 3rd world war would destroy humankind itself and they so they wanted lasting peace. In San Francisco in California, representatives from 50 countries met from 25 April to 26 June 1945 and formed the UN Charter. On October 24 1945, the UN formally came into existence.
The headquarters of the UN is situated in a 15-acre area in the Manhattan Island. This space was donated by John D. Rockefeller. The first meeting of the UN took place in London in 1946.
Veto Power : Security Council has 5 permanent members. If any of these votes against a resolution, it would be cancelled. This special power given to the permanent members is called veto power.
Secretariat : This carries out the day-today activities of the UN. Its head is the Secretary General, who will be in power for 5 years. He should be a person who does not have any Special loyalty to, or interest in, any particular country. There are Under Secretary- Generals and Asstt. Secretary Generals and Deputy Secretary General.
General Assembly:
When all the members of the UN meet together it is called the World Parliament. Its first meeting was in London in 1964. At present the UN has 193 member countries. In 2002, Montenegro joined the UN as its the 192nd member and later South Sudan joined as the 193rd member. Each country can send 5 representatives to the General Assembly. But each country has only one vote. Once every year the General Assembly will meet. Security Council: Security Council decides on the administrative policies of the UN. Its main concerns are International peace and security. It is the Security Council that decides about the membership of any country. It has 15 members. America, China, Britain, Frances and Russia are the permanent memb’ers. India, Brazil, South Africa, Japan and Germany are countries that are trying to get permanent membership.
Security Council has 5 permanent members and 10 members who are chosen for a period of 2 years. The Chairmanship of the Council will be on a rotating basis each month. Its responsibilities are settling disputes between nations, plan arms control activities, resist attacks and take military action against the attacker, recommend the appointment of the Secretary General, recommend the inclusion of new members in the UN, etc. To take decisions ‘ on any matter there should be at 9 votes in favour including the 5 votes of the permanent members. Economic and Cultural Council: This has 54 members. It channelizes the working of the main agencies of the UN.
International Court of Justice:
This solves the disputes between member nations. Its headquarters is Hague in Netherlands. It consists of 15 judges, who are appointed for a period of nine years. The first Indian to be appointed as ajudge here is Justice Narenda Singh. BN Rao and RS Pathak also served as judges later.
Part – V
Answer any 2 questions from 33 to 35. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)
Question 33.
Explain the causes of India – China war of 1962 and its consequences.
Answer:
In the beginning India and China had cordial relations. Our relations have a historical and cultural background. Nehru played a crucial role in making the relations better. India was the first country to recognize China after the Revolution. Nehru tried to help China in international matters. Because of these good relations, on the India-China border there were only paramilitary forces and not regular armymen.
The Panchsheel Agreement was a big landmark out India China relations. It was signed on April 29 by the PMs of both countries, Nehru of India and Chou- en-Lai of China. Nehru visited China and Chou-en- Lai visited India getting the love and respect of people. Nehru had an open-hearted approach to China. But people like Patel thought China was not a country to be believed. Nehru never expected any attack from China. But in 1962, China did attack India.
Two things spoiled the relations between India and China. One was the Tibetan Issue and the other was border disputes. Even in the 1950s when they were friends, India and China had border disputes. China was not ready to accept our suggestions regarding the border. China claimed Ladakh in Kashmir and some areas of Arunachal Pradesh to be theirs. During the period of 1957-59, they also took Aksai Chin sector and built the Karakoram Highway. The second issue was Tibet. In 1950, China annexed Tibet. It was a breach of faith.
In the beginning India kept quiet. But the Chinese started imposing their culture on the Tibetans. In 1959, the Tibetan Spiritual leader, Dalai Lama, sought refuge in India. China then accused India saying that India was acting against the interest of China. In October 1962 China infiltrated into Indian territories which she claimed to be hers. The first attack lasted a week. Chinese army occupied some places in Arunachal Pradesh. The next attack came a month later. But the Indian army stopped the Chinese in the western part of Ladakh. China declared a unilateral ceasefire and retreated from the places it had taken.
Results of the India-China War:
During the war, Russia kept her neutrality. India had to seek support from America and Britain. The war was shameful to the country. But it strengthened national feeling. Nehru’s close friend and the then defence minister V.K. Krishna Menon had to resign. Nehru was criticised for blindly believing China and for his lack of military preparation to prevent the attack. A no confidence motion was brought against his government. In Lok Sabha there were a lot of discussions. In many bye-elections Congress lost.
The Opposition was also affected by the war. In 1964 Communist Party split into two – Pro-Chinese and Pro-Russia. One was CPI (M) and the other was CPI. The War awakened the nation. The North Eastern region was backward. The Chinese war prompted the nation to keep its unity and to embark upon developmental projects.
Question 34.
Explain the causes of national emergency declared in India On 1975.
• Economic Context
• Gujarat and Bihar movements
• Conflict with Judiciary
• Allahabad High Court Verdict
Answer:
After the 1971 election, Indira became a popular leader with a lot of support from the people. This time there were serious problems in the Party. There were three main reasons:
a) Economic Reasons
b) Gujarat & Bihar Movement
c) Dispute with the Judiciary
Economic Reasons:
The main slogan in the 1971 election was ‘garibi hatao’. But when the government came to power it could not improve the economic condition of the country. There were a number of reasons for that. First of all there was the refuge problem. Then there was the Bangladesh Crisis, followed by the Indo- Pakistan War. All these things created financial problems. Secondly, after the War, America stopped its aids to India. Thirdly, there was a sharp increase in oil prices.
The 4th reason was inflation which made the life of ordinary people very difficult. The 5th problem was negative growth in industrial output. Unemployment increased, especially in the rural sector. Sixthly, the salaries of government employees had to be reduced and even stopped. Seventhly, lack of rain caused serious shortfall in foodstuff.
All the above things created an economic crisis in the country. There was general discontentment in the country. This gave the Opposition Parties an opportunity to organise protests.
Guiarat and Bihar Movement:
The second biggest problem was the students’ protest in Gujarat and Bihar which were Congress- ruled States. The main reason was the increase in the prices of essential commodities. Shortage of food, unemployment and corruption made the students angry. In both these States the Opposition Parties supported the students. In Gujarat, Presidential Rule was imposed. At this time the main opponent of Indira Gandhi and the leader of Congress (O), Moraiji Desai, decided to go on an indefinite hunger strike.
He did that for demanding elections in Gujarat. In June 1975, because of heavy pressure from various sources, election was conducted. Congress lost the election. In Bihar the students invited Jay Prakash Narayan to lead their protest. He accepted the invitation insisting that the protest must be non-violent. He asked for the dismissal of the Bihar government. He argued that there was a need for a revolution in social, economic and political spheres. But the Bihar government refused to resign. The entire country discussed the issue.
Jay Prakash Narayan wanted to spread the protest to all parts of the country. In the meantime the railway workers went on a strike. It would make the entire country come to a stand-still. In 1975, Jay Prakash Narayan organized a march to the Parliament. It was the biggest rally the capital had ever seen. The Opposition saw in him an alternative to Indira Gandhi. Both the protests were anti-Congress. Voices also rose against the leadership of Mrs. Gandhi. She believed that all this was done to take revenge on her.
Dispute with the Judiciary:
Another reason for the declaration of Emergency was Indira Gandhis dispute with the Judiciary. The Supreme Court said that some of the things the government did were against the Constitution. Congress argued that the Supreme Court judgement was against democracy and the authority of the Parliament. The Party said that the Court was standing against some welfare measures taken to help the poor people. The dispute was mainly in three things.
Firstly, Can the Parliament change the Fundamental Rights? The Court said no. Secondly, Can the Parliament change ownership of land? Again the Court said no. Thirdly, the Parliament said that it had the right to reduce fundamental rights. It amended the Constitution. But the Supreme Court objected. All these were the reasons for the dispute between the Government and the Supreme Court.
There were two more reasons. In the Kesavananda Bharati case, the Supreme Court judged that the Parliament can’t change the basic structure of the Constitution. Soon the post of the Chief Justice became vacant. Normally the senior most judge is appointed as the Chief Justice. But keeping aside 3 eligible-judges, the government appointed A.N. Roy as the Chief Justice. This appointment became controversial. Besides, the Uttar Pradesh High Court declared the election of Indira (Sandhi as null and void. All these were the reasons for Mrs Gandhi to declare Emergency in June 1975.
Question 35.
After the cold war USA dominates all spheres of international politics. Discuss the hegemonic power and explain three areas of hegemony.
Answer:
World nations try to gain and maintain dominance over others by using military, economic and cultural power. During the Cold War the fight was between the Soviet Union and America. With the disintegration of the Soviet, Union America remains the only Superpower. Dominance or hegemony is attained through three things:
a) Hard Power
b) Structural Power
c) Soft Power
Hard Power:
This includes military power and the relations between nations. Today America is in the forefront of military power. There is nobody to challenge its military might. It has the capacity to reach any corner of the world any moment. They, spend a major part of their budget to maintain this position. They spend huge sums “of money for research and technological developments. It is technology that keeps America in the forefront. With their military might they are even ready to police the world,.and punish the culprits.
Structural Power :
This dominance is. based on the economic structure. The global economic system relies on America. If America helps the global economic system, it is mainly for their benefits and profits. But America does a lot of good things for the world. For example, communication channels through the oceans. Merchant ships travel through sea routes and America has much authority on the water transport system. It is the American navy that keeps the sea-routes safe for ships.
The next is the Internet. In fact it was an American military project. It was started in 1950. Today the global network functions using satellites. Most of them belong to America. 28% of the world economy is controlled by America. 15% of the international trade is also done by them. In any economic sector, at least one of out of three biggest companies will be American. The world economic structure follows the Breton Woods style of America. The World Bank, I.M.F. and World Trade Organization etc. are examples of American supremacy in world business and finance.
Now comes another example – the MBA degree. It was America that made this course and the degree so popular. It was Americans who discovered that business is a profession that could be taught. The first Business School was established in Pennsylvania in 1881. Its name was Wharton School. Today in all countries MBA has become a prestigious degree.
Soft Power:
This is the ideological and cultural dominance. America has become the model for all other nations and they try to copy America. In weak countries, America is able to make the people like its culture. We all speak highly of the American life style and personal success. America is number one in the world. By using,‘soft power, and not force, America is able to achieve this dominance over the world.