Kerala Syllabus Class 9 Biology Chapter 6 Classification Notes Solutions

A thorough understanding of Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Biology Textbook Solutions Chapter 6 Classification Notes Questions and Answers English Medium can improve academic performance.

SCERT Class 9 Biology Chapter 6 Notes Questions and Answers Classification

Std 9 Biology Chapter 6 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus English Medium Solutions Questions and Answers

Class 9 Biology Chapter 6 Let Us Assess Answers Classification

Question 1.
Draw an evolutionary tree of the organism by analysing the table given below:

Peculiarities	Shark	Frog	Kangaroo	Man
Vertebral column	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Two pairs of limbs	–	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mammary glands	–	–	Yes	Yes
Placenta	–	–	–	Yes

Answer:

Question 2.
Different animals and the phyla to which they belong are given below. Make pairs as shown in the model.
Model: Man – Chordata

Answer:

• Sponges – Porifera
• Snail – Mollusca
• Hydra-Cnidaria
• Roundworm – Nematoda
• Starfish – Echinodermata
• Earthworm – Annelida
• Cockroach – Arthropoda
• Planaria – Platyhelminthes

Question 3.
How is the DNA barcoding technology used for identifying different species?
Answer:
DNA barcoding technology is used for identifying different species by classifying the organisms and then comparing the special molecular sequences (codes) of their DNA. It helps to recognise the species at the molecular level.

Question 4.
Plants without conducting tissues are included in a single group in Kingdom Plantae. Comment.
Answer:
Algae and Bryophyta are the two groups without conducting tissues or vascular tissues. Because they share many characteristics that are present in plants, so they are included in a single group in Kingdom Plantae.

Question 5.
The peculiarities of certain divisions of Kingdom Plantae are given below. Identify and name the divisions by analysing them.
a) Vascular tissues are present, reproduction through spores.
b) No fruits to cover the seeds. reproduction through seeds.
c) No vascular tissues. Reproduction with the help of gametes and spores.
Answer:
a) Pteridophyta
b) Gymnosperms
c) Bryophyta

Question 6.
Make corrections, if any, in the underlined portions of the given statements:
a) Species is the taxonomic level placed above the Kingdom.
b) Vertebrates are included in sub phylum vertebrata of Phylum Chordata
c) Mammalia is the class containing organisms that complete their life cycle on land and in water.
Answer:
a) Phylum is the taxonomic level placed above the Kingdom
b) No corrections.
c) Amphibia is the class containing organisms that complete their life cycle on land and in water.

Question 7.
Analyse the statement and reason, find the correct answer and write down.
Statement: Viruses are not included in any category of the current six-kingdom classification
Reason: Viruses are inactive outside any living cell.
a) Statement correct, reason false
b) Statement and reason are correct.
c) Statement false, reason correct.
d) Statement and reason are false.
Answer:
b) Statement and reason are correct.

Question 8.
Identify the relation and fill in the blanks:
a) Jelly fish: Cnidaria; Hook worm: …………
b) Crab: Arthropoda; Octopus: ………….
Answer:
a) Platyhelminthes
b) Mollusca

Question 9.
Which of the following category includes Mango tree and Coconut tree?
a) Bryophyta
b) Pteridophyta
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms
Answer:
d) Angiosperms

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare a Local Biodiversity Register including the common name and scientific name of various organisms in your locality, and submit it to the local self-government institution in your area.
Answer:
Local Biodiversity Register for Kochi:

Common Name	Scientific Name
Indian Peacock	Pavo cristatus
Coconut palm	Cocos nucifera
Mango tree	Mangifera indica
Housefly	Musca domestica
Indian oil sardine (നെയ്യ് മത്തി)	Sardinella longiceps
Indian Mackerel (അയല)	Rastrelliger kanagurta
Common crow	Corvus splendens
House sparrow	Passer domesticus
Indian banyan tree	Ficus benghalensis
Mangrove	Rhizophora mucronata
Malabar grey hombill	Ocyceros griseus

For more details, you can visit the Kerala Forest & Wildlife Department website.

Question 2.
Set up a Seed Library by collecting available seeds from your locality.
Answer:
(Hints to set up a seed library are given below).

• Students should collect seeds from their homes, gardens, or nearby farms, local seed banks or online retailers. You can also purchase fruits and vegetables and extract seeds.
• Label each seed packet with the following details: Plant Name, Common Name, Source, Date of collection, and any special care instructions.
• Store seeds in a cool, dry and dark place. Airtight containers or polythene bags can also be used.
• Organise the seeds by plant type (e.g., herbs, vegetables, flowers).
• Create a catalogue using cards that include Plant names and Common names, descriptions, planting instructions, germination time, and any special care requirements.

Question 3.
Collect data on the organisms recently discovered in Kerala, prepare a wall magazine and exhibit it in your class.
Answer:
(Hints: Some organisms recently discovered in Kerala are given below as a reference for your wall magazine preparation).

• Agasihyagama edge – A Species of kangaroo lizard discovered in the Kulamavu region of Idukki
• Oedocladium salyadricum – A new algal species discovered in the Westem Ghats
• Habrocestum sahavadri & Irura shendarmey – Two new species of jumping spiders discovered in the Shenduruney Wildlife sanctuary in the southem Western Ghats.
• Gongronema sasidharanii – A new plant species discovered in Pambadum Shola National Park, Idukki district.
•  Caltoris bromus sadasiva-A newly discovered butterfly species in the Westem Ghats.

Hints to prepare wall magazine:
Take a chart paper and then you can stick pictures of the newly discovered species and then write the scientific name and common name and try to make the chart creative and innovative and you can display the wall magazine in your classroom.

Question 4.
Observe the organisms that can be seen in your school campus and surroundings and classify them.
Answer:

• Angiosperms – Hibiscus, mango tree, coconut tree
• Fungi – mushrooms, moulds, yeast (on decaying matter)
• Algae – in ponds or water bodies (green algac, blue-green algae)
• Insects – ants, cockroaches, butterflies, moths, beetles, mosquitoes
• Birds – sparrows, crows, pigeons, parrots, peacocks.
• Mammals – Cats, dogs, rats, mice, squirrels, etc.
• Reptiles-Lizards, snakes.

Classification Class 9 Notes Questions and Answers Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
What are the contributions of Carl Woese in taxonomy?
Answer:
Scientist Carl Woese examined Kingdom Monera and found that certain microorganisms within it differ from bacteria. He observed that they exhibit structural differences and possess various adaptations for sustaining several environmental changes. Their genetic composition differs from that of bacteria. Carl Woese classified Kingdom Monera into Bacteria and Archaea based on these observations.

Question 2.
Mention different domains and their corresponding kingdoms.
Answer:
Domain is the classification level that exists above kingdom. There are three main domains under which six kingdoms are classified as follows:

Question 3.
Complete the illustration by including the peculiarities of kingdoms, citing suitable examples.

Answer:

Question 4.
Understand how organisms in the animal kingdom are classified into different phyla and complete the worksheet.

Answer:

Peculiarity	Phylum	Example
Marine organisms with a spiny body	Echinodermata	Sea Urchin, Star Fish
Round-bodied long worms	Nematoda	Roundworm, Pinworm, Hookworm
Aquatic organisms with minute pores throughout their body	Porifera	Sponges
Aquatic organisms with tentacles bearing cnidoblast	Cnidaria,Coelenterata	Hydra, Jellyfish,Sea anemone
Soft-bodied organism with shells made of calcium carbonate	Mollusca	Snail, Octopus
Segmented bodied organisms	Annelida	Earthworms, Leech
Jointed appendages and exoskeleton	Arthropoda	Prawn, Cockroach, Crab.
Flat bodied worms	Platyhelminthes	Tapeworm, Planaria
Notochord present	Chordata	Man, Fish, Frog

Question 5.
Complete the table by including the organisms given in the box.

Frog, Rohu, Cat, Crocodile, Mackerel, Tree frog, Kiwi, Viper, Crow, Wall lizard, Garden lizard, Domestic Fowl, Cow, Pigeon, Tiger, Pearl spot, Shark, Dolphin, Salamander, Alligator, Snake, Elephant, Penguin.
Answer:

Question 6.
Find out the number of heart chambers of Crocodile and Alligator.
Answer:
The number of chambers of the heart of a crocodile and alligator is four, while other reptiles have three-chambered heart.

Question 7.
Observe the other animals in your surroundings and group them into different classes. Now, create a digital presentation and present it in the class.
Answer:

Question 8.
Mention the different divisions of the kingdom Plantae.
Answer:
Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are the different divisions under the kingdom Plantae.

Question 9.
What are the peculiarities in reproduction among the members of different divisions in the kingdom Plantae?
Answer:
Members of the kingdom Plantae reproduce in a variety of ways, including sexually and asexually, and the different divisions of the kingdom have different reproductive strategies:

• Algae : Both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction are seen.
• Bryophyta : Reproduction is through gametes and spores
• Pteridophyta : Reproduction is mainly through spores
• Gymnosperms : Reproductive structures known as cones are present
• Angiosperms : Reproductive parts are present in the flowers.

Question 10.
Explain the presence of vascular tissues in different plant groups.
Answer:
Vascular tissues are present in different plant groups because they allow plants to transport nutrients and water more efficiently, which enables them to grow larger and support more complex structures. The xylem and phloem are the two main vascular tissues present in plants to conduct water and food, respectively.

Members of the division Algae and Bryophyta are termed non-vascular plants due to the absence of these vascular tissues. Due to evolution, vascular tissues with simple structures are seen in the division Pteridophyta. In gymnosperms and angiosperms, more complex vascular tissues are seen, but xylem vessels are absent in gymnosperms, and both tracheids and vessels are present in angiosperms.

Question 11.
How will the plants included in the herbarium be scientifically classified and given names?
Answer:
A herbarium is a collection of preserved plant and fungal specimens that are used for scientific study. Plants in a herbarium are scientifically classified and named using a system called binomial nomenclature. This system was introduced by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century and is still used today. In Binomial Nomenclature, each plant species is given a unique scientific name consisting of two parts, Genus name (this is the first part of the name and is always capitalised) and Specific epithet or species name (this is the second part of the name and is always lowercase).

Question 12.
How can we understand that a newly discovered organism is not currently classified? Write down your assumption.
Answer:
A newly discovered organism is not currently classified if it is not genetically different enough from a known species. Scientists often sequence the DNA of a newly discovered organism to compare it to known species. If the organism is genetically different enough, it can be proposed as a new species.

Question 13.
Explain the structure of a virus.
Answer:
Viruses have a simple structure devoid of cytoplasm, cell organelles and nucleus. Genetic materials (DNA or RNA) are found inside an outer protein coat called a capsid. They infect a wide variety of organisms, including plants, animals, bacteria and archaea.Organisms having the ability to reproduce, respond to the environment, to grow, and do metabolic activities are included in the process of classification. Viruses cannot multiply without the help of a host cell.

They are inactive outside any living cell. Due to these unique characteristics, they are not included in any category of the current six-kingdom classification. By considering their structure, mode of division, genes, etc., virologists and taxonomists have classified viruses into families, genera and species, which are meant only for them. This classification of viruses helps scientists to study their nature, evolution, development, etc., and develop methods to combat viral diseases.

Question 14.
Write the differences between viruses and other cells.
Answer:
Viruses are distinct from other cellular organisms in several ways:

Features	Viruses	Other cells
Cellular structure	Lack of cellular organelles and membrane-bound structures	Possess cellular organelles and a cell membrane
Genetic material	Contain either DNA or RNA, but not both	Contain both DNA and RNA
Reproduction	Require a host cell to replicate	Can reproduce independently
Metabolism	Lack their own metabolic machinery	Possess their own metabolic machinery
Sensitivity to antibiotics	Not affected by antibiotics	Can be affected by antibiotics

Question 15.
Write the reason for not including viruses in the classification.
Answer:
Viruses have a simple structure devoid of cytoplasm, cell organelles and nucleus. Genetic materials (DNA or RNA) are found inside an outer protein coat called a capsid. They infect a wide variety of organisms, including plants, animals, bacteria and archaea.Organisms having the ability to reproduce, respond to the environment, to grow, and do metabolic activities are included in the process of classification. Viruses cannot multiply without the help of a host cell.

They are inactive outside any living cell. Due to these unique characteristics, they are not included in any category of the current six-kingdom classification. By considering their structure, mode of division, genes, etc., virologists and taxonomists have classified viruses into families, genera and species, which are meant only for them. This classification of viruses helps scientists to study their nature, evolution, development, etc., and develop methods to combat viral diseases.

Question 16.
What are the features that should be considered while constructing an evolutionary tree?
Answer:
Evolutionary Tree

The diversity of the earth is formed as a result of evolution. An evolutionary tree is a represenation used to illustrate the evolutionary relationship between different organisms as branches of a tree. The place where branches develop indicates ancestral organisms. Evolutionary trees aid in the study of classification by accurately illustrating evolutionary relationships and providing an in-depth understanding of bio diversity.

Things to be considered when we construct an evolutionary tree:

• Select the species or organisms you want to compare. For example, you could choose different mammals like humans, chimpanzees, and dogs.
• Observe and record the physical traits (like body structures or specific features) of each organism. Look for traits that are similar and may indicate a common ancestor.
• If possible, find information about the DNA or protein sequences of the organisms. Compare these sequences to see how similar or different they are. Organisms with more similarities in their genetic makeup are likely to be more closely related.
• Check for fossil records of the organisms or their ancestors. Fossils can provide clues about when species evolved and when certain traits appeared.
• Start organising the organisms into a tree based on how closely related they are. Use the physical, genetic, and fossil evidence to decide where species split (branch) from a common ancestor.
• Draw a tree-like structure. At the base is the common ancestor, and the branches represent the evolutionary path of each species. The closer the branches are, the more closely related the species are.
• Add the names of the organisms and any important traits or features that help show how they evolved. You can also include the time frame if you know when the species split based on fossils or molecular data.

Question 17.
What can we assume from organisms having all these features in common?
Answer:
If two organisms have features in common, we can assume that these two organisms have a common ancestor.

Question 18.
Analyse the given illustration and record your inferences about how the Evolutionary Tree of these organisms is constructed based on the characteristics given in the table.

Organisms	Peculiarities
	Skull	Forelimbs	Hair/fur	Lactation
Lung Fish	Yes	No	No	No
Wall Lizard	Yes	Yes	No	No
Dog	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Man	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Answer:
Here, the evolutionary tree is constructed by comparing and analysing a variety of characteristics, like the presence of skull, forelimbs, hair or fur and lactation, from different organisms like Lungfish, wall lizards, dogs and man. The presence of the skull is common in all four creatures. Forelimbs are present in three of them except lungfish. The presence of hair or fur and the feature of lactation are seen only in dogs and men. These features are depicted in the above given evolutionary tree.

Question 19.
What is DNA barcoding
Answer:
Barcoding is the method of classifying organisms by comparing molecular sequences/codes of DNA. It is an advanced scientific technology for identifying species in biological research. In contrast to traditional methods, this method helps in identifying species at the molecular level. This is made possible with the help of creating and sharing DNA barcodes by researchers and laboratories all over the world.

Question 20.
What is the importance of DNA barcoding?
Answer:
DNA barcoding is a powerful tool for classifying organisms because it allows researchers to identify species accurately and quickly, even when other methods are difficult or impossible.