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Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Important Questions and Answers Indian Economy: Growth and Transformation
Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Indian Economy: Growth and Transformation Important Questions
Indian Economy: Growth and Transformation Class 10 Important Questions
Question 1.
Assertion (A): M. Visvesvaraya is considered the Father of Indian economic planning.
Reason (R): He prepared a plan in 1934 titled “The Planned Economy of India”, which
emphasized systematic economic development through state intervention.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer:
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 2.
Who developed the Human Development Index?
a) World Bank
b) United Nations
c) NITI Aayog
d) IMF
Answer:
b) United Nations
Question 3.
Which factor is NOT included in HDI?
a) Life expectancy
b) Literacy and school enrollment
c) Per capita income
d) Infant mortality
Answer:
d) Infant mortality
Question 4.
Who developed PQLI?
a) Amartya Sen
b) Morris David Morris
c) Mahbub ul Haq
d) Gunnar Myrdal
Answer:
b) Morris David Morris
Question 5.
Which of the following is included in PQLI?
a) GDP per capita
b) Life Expectancy
c) Per capita income
d) National income
Answer:
b) Life Expectancy
Question 6.
The SDGs were adopted by the UN in the year:
a) 2010
b) 2012
c) 2015
d) 2018
Answer:
c) 2015
Question 7.
In India, SDGI is prepared by NITI Aayog in collaboration with:
a) World Bank
b) IMF
c) United Nations
d) UNESCO
Answer:
c) United Nations
Question 8.
Find out the correct pairs.
| Score | Category |
| a. 0 – 49 | Achiever |
| b. 50 – 64 | Aspirant |
| c. 65 – 99 | Front Runner |
| d. 100 | Performer |
a) only a is correct
b) a and b are correct
c) only c is correct
d) a and c are correct
Answer:
Only c is correct
Question 9.
Find out the correct pairs.
| Change | Type |
| a. Increase in GDP | Economic Growth |
| b. Better living standards | Economic Development |
| c. Quantitative Change | Economic Growth |
| d. Qualitative Change | Economic Development |
a) a and b are correct
b) a, c and d are correct
c) b, c and d are correct
d) a, b, c and d are correct
Answer:
d) a, b, c and d are correct.
Question 10.
Arrange the table connected with SDG
| a. Economic goals | i. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (SDG 16) |
| b. Environmental goals | ii. Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7) |
| c. Social goals | iii. Life on land (SDG 15) |
a) a – ii, b – iii, c – i
b) a – iii, b – i, c – ii
c) a – i, b – ii, c – iii
d) a – i, b – iii, c – ii
Answer:
a – ii, b – iii, c – i
| a. Economic goals | ii. Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7) |
| b. Environmental goals | iii. Life on land (SDG 15) |
| c. Social goals | i. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (SDG 16) |
Question 11.
Write the year in which plan belongs to:
a. Gandhian Plan: ……………………..
b. People’s plan: ………………………..
Answer:
a. 1944
b. 1945
Question 12.
What are the major objectives of planning?
Answer:
Equity, Modernisation, Growth, Self-reliance
Question 13.
Complete the table related to its category of income.
| PCI in US Dollar | Category |
| Less than 1145 | (a) |
| 1146 To 4515 | (b) |
Answer:
(a) Low income
(b) Low middle income
Question 14.
Write the year in which the following initiatives were launched:
a. Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM): …………………
b. Kerala Development and Innovation Strategy Council (K-DISC): …………………….
Answer:
a. 2006
b. 2018
Question 15.
Explain any two ways in which the Knowledge Economy is transforming the agriculture and industry sectors in India.
Answer:
Agriculture: Use of Agri Tech like sensors and drones helps farmers decide when to water and – fertilize crops, improving yields, reducing costs, and increasing income.
Industry: Industry 4.0 uses computers, automation, and the Internet to make factories more efficient, produce better-quality goods, reduce wastage, and create diversified jobs.
Question 16.
How economic growth is different from economic development.
Answer:
Economic growth is the increase in a country’s Gross Domestic Product compared to the previous year.
Economic development is the process of improving the standard of living and economic well-being of people through growth in income, education, and infrastructure.
Question 17.
Write the objectives of Economic activities.
Answer:
- Increase in infrastructure
- Better employment opportunities
- Increased income and purchasing power
- Higher quality of life
Question 18.
What is the difference between Per Capita Income (PCI) and Personal Income (PI)?
Answer:
PCI is the average income of people in a country, used to compare economic growth, while PI is the actual income of an individual. The two are usually different.
Question 19.
Name the three components used to calculate the Human Development Index (HDI) and explain what the HDI measures.
Answer:
- HDI measures the level of human development and economic progress in a country.
- It is calculated using life expectancy, literacy and school enrollment rates, and per capita income.
Question 20.
Give two examples each of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to economic, social, and environmental goals.
Answer:
- Economic goals: Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7), Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8)
- Social goal§: No Poverty (SDG 1), Quality Education (SDG 4)
- Environmental goals: Climate Action (SDG 13), Life on Land (SDG 15)
Question 21.
Explain the Kerala Model of Development and the objectives of the Nava Kerala Mission.
Answer:
The Kerala Model of Development focuses on high literacy, low infant mortality, and improved life expectancy through land reforms, public health and education, social security schemes, and public participation. The Nava Kerala Mission, launched in 2016, aims at holistic development through four main missions: Aardram (health), Life (housing),’ Vidhyakiranam (education), and Haritha Keralam (environment). Its main goal is to improve people’s lives by addressing key issues in these areas. Nava Kerala Mission-2, started in 2021, seeks to promote economic and social progress while tackling new challenges.
Question 22.
What is economic planning, and why did India adopt it after independence?
Answer:
Economic planning is the preparation made to achieve the main economic goals of a society by using available resources efficiently. India adopted a mixed economy after independence to rebuild and develop the economy, which was fragmented during British rule. Planning helped in outlining how the country’s resources should be used to achieve common national goals.
Question 23.
What were the main factors that led to the Economic Reforms in India in 1991?
Answer:
The Economic Reforms of 1991 were triggered by a severe economic crisis in India, including a high fiscal deficit and low foreign exchange reserves. Other factors included inefficiency in the public sector, changes in the world market, and the impact of the 1990 Gulf War. Additionally, India was influenced by the economic growth of East Asian countries and the conditions imposed by the World Bank and IMF.
Question 24.
What is privatization and disinvestment? Name the four main types of disinvestments.
Answer:
Privatization is the process of reducing the role of the public sector and giving more opportunities to the private sector. Disinvestment is the sale of the government’s investment in public sector enterprises to the private sector. The four main types of disinvestments are: Wholesale (entire sale), Share sale (partial sale of shares), Capital sale (selling government capital in non-essential sectors), and Strategic sale (selling shares to a selected – partner).
Question 25.
What is a knowledge Economy, and what are its main characteristics?
Answer:
A Knowledge Economy is an economic system that depends on knowledge, information, and innovative ideas for production, distribution, and growth. In this economy, human resources play a key role because skilled people use technology and knowledge effectively. Its main characteristics include continuous research and innovation, development of new products and services, and the use of advanced skills and technology to improve efficiency and economic progress.
Question 26.
What is the Sustainable Development Goals Index (SDGI) and how is it implemented in India?
Answer:
The Sustainable Development Goals Index (SDGI) measures the efforts of countries to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted in 2015. It is a comprehensive
index that assesses progress across economic, social, and environmental sectors. In India, the SDG India Index is prepared by NITI Aayog in collaboration with the United Nations. Launched in 2018, it evaluates the performance of all states and union territories across all 17 SDGs to track development progress and identify areas needing improvement.
Question 27.
Briefly explain the history of planning in India before independence and the role of the Planning Commission.
Answer:
Planning in India started even before independence, as thinkers and leaders realised the need for \ organised economic development. Early initiatives included the Ten-Year Plan (1934) by JRD Tata, the Gandhian Plan (1944) focusing on village-based development, and the People’s Plan (1945) proposed by MN Roy. The National Planning Committee was set up in 1938 under M. Visvesvarayya to prepare strategies for industrialization and economic growth. After independence, the Planning Commission was established in 1950 under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to design and implement national plans, ensuring efficient use of resources and achieving the country’s economic and social goals.
Question 28.
Write the major 4 objectives of economic planning.
Answer:
Question 29.
As an indicator of economic growth, per capita income has certain shortcomings, which are they?
Answer:
- It is only an average income.
- Information about the distribution and inequality of wealth is not reflected in the income index.
- Since per capita income is calculated on the basis of national income, the limitations of calculating national income also affect per capita income.
- Factors that enhance the quality of life are not included in the scope of the PCI index.
Question 30.
Explain the objectives and main features of the Nava Kerala Mission.
Answer:
The Nava Kerala Mission, launched in 2016, is an action plan aimed at holistic development in Kerala. It includes four main missions: Aardram Mission (health), Life Mission (housing), Vidhyakiranam (education), and Haritha Keralam Mission (water conservation, waste management, and organic farming). Its main objective is to improve people’s lives by addressing key issues in these areas. From 2021, Nava Kerala Mission-2 includes the Rebuild Kerala Initiative and aims to promote economic and social progress while addressing new challenges and ensuring the benefits of development reach all sections of society.
Question 31.
Write the major objectives of NITI Aayog.
Answer:
- To create a vision for India’s development priorities and plans.
- To promote sustainable development and inclusive growth.
- To promote economic growth through innovation, entrepreneurship, and job creation.
- To collaborate with international organizations and countries to leverage global diversity and resources.
- To develop and implement strategic and long-term policies and programs.
Question 32.
Write the main goals of reforms.
Answer:
- To liberalize the Indian economy and open it to the world economy
- To deregulate the private sector
- To reduce the government regulation in various sectors
- To remove the trade restrictions with foreign countries.
Question 33.
Write a note about LPG programmes.
Answer:
LIBERALIZATION: Liberalization is a policy change that gives a country’s economy more freedom by relaxing restrictions imposed on various sectors to promote economic growth and development.
The main areas where liberalisation has been implemented are as follows:
- Industrial sector reforms
- Financial sector reforms
- Tax reforms
- Foreign exchange reforms
- Foreign trade sector reforms
PRIVATIZATION: Privatization is the process of reducing the role of the public sector and providing more opportunities for the private sector.
- Disinvestment is the most important of the privatisation processes and is implemented through the sale of shares.
- Disinvestment is the sale of the government’s investment or capital in a public sector enterprise to the private sector. This is mainly done in four ways:
- Wholesale: Entire sale of any public sector
- Share sale: Sale of a portion of the share capital of a public sector undertaking
- Capital sale: Selling government capital in a sector where government intervention is riot required
- Strategic sale: Selling a portion of the capital share to a selected partner
GLOBALISATION: Liberalization and privatization are economic policies. Globalization is a consequence of these policies.
• Globalization is the integration of a country’s economy with the global economy.
This will significantly reduce import duties and encourage foreign investment. This means the further globalizing of trade, capital investment, and the transfer of technology and human resources. Liberalization and privatization are economic policies. Globalization is a consequence of these policies. Globalization is the result of policies that have made economies more interconnected and integrated. With this, global trade becomes regulated by the World Trade Organization and global production comes to be determined by multinational corporations.
Question 34.
Write a note on economic development indices.
Answer:
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI)
- This is an index developed by the United Nations based on human development to measure economic development.
- The Human Development Index is calculated based on three factors:
- Life expectancy
- Literacy and gross school enrollment rate
- Per capita income
The Human Development Index is prepared by calculating the value of each of these separately and finding their average. Their value will be between zero and one. Based on the value of this index, the countries of the world are divided into four groups. According to the 2023 report, India is ranked 130th out of 193 countries.
PHYSICAL QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX (PQLI)
- The economic development of a country should be such that the standard of living of the people increases and the basic needs are met. Based on this, this is the development index developed by a renowned economist, Morris David Morris, in 1979.
- The Physical Quality of Life Index is prepared based on three indices:
- Basic Literacy Index (BLI): Basic literacy is the percentage of the population that can read and write.
- Infant Mortality Index (IMI): It refers to the number of deaths of infants under the age of one per 1,000 live births.
- Life Expectancy Index (LEI): it is calculated based on the average number of years a person lives.
- The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is the average of these three indicators.
PQLI
The drawback of this index is that it does not consider the respondent’s annual income while preparing the physical quality life index.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELEOPMENT GOAL INDEX
- Sustainable Development Goals that were adapted by the United Nations in 2015.
- The Sustainable Development Goals Index assesses the efforts taken by countries to achieve the sustainable development goals.
- In India, the Sustainable Development Goals Index is prepared by the NITI Aayog in collaboration with the United Nations to measure the development progress of states and union territories.
- The SDG India index, launched in 2018, assesses India’s performance across all 17 sustainable development goals across economic, social, and environmental sectors.
- The SDGI score is calculated by averaging the values of each of the Sustainable Development Goals, which are calculated between zero and 100.