Extension of Democracy through Institutions Notes Class 9 History Chapter 7 Kerala Syllabus Questions and Answers

Students often refer to SCERT Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 9 History Chapter 7 Extension of Democracy through Institutions Notes Questions and Answers English Medium that include all exercises in the prescribed syllabus.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science History Notes Chapter 7 Extension of Democracy through Institutions

Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 7 Notes Question Answer Kerala Syllabus Extension of Democracy through Institutions

Class 9 History Chapter 7 Notes Kerala Syllabus English Medium

Question 1.

In the news given above the different mechanisms that have been set up for the institutionalisation of democracy are mentioned. Can you find out what they are?
Answer:

• National Commission for minorities
• National Commission for Backward classes
• Election commission
• The national commission for scheduled caste and scheduled tribe
• The national commission for women

Question 2.

The images above depict various stages of the electoral process. Examine each picture and identify the specific step in the election process that it represents.
Answer:

• Queuing up to vote
• Voting machines

Question 3.
Prepare a digital album including the names of Election Commissioners of India and their tenures.
Answer:
(Hints: Complete the album by including the names and periods of the commissioners based on the hints given)

Question 4.
Collect more information regarding the activities of Election Commission.
Answer:

• Organising Elections
• Managing Voter Lists
• Provides Voter Education
• The Election Commission uses Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and other tools to make voting easy and transparent.
• It works with the police and security forces to keep elections peaceful and prevent any fraud or violence.
• The Commission looks into complaints about candidates or parties breaking election rules.

Question 5.
Can the voters caste their votes only in the polling booth? Has the Election Commission made any other arrangements? Organise a discussion in the class.
Answer:

• Postal Voting: Some people, like military personnel or voters living far away, can vote by sending their ballot through the mail (postal vote).
• Voting for the Elderly or Disabled: In some cases, people who are elderly or have disabilities may get special assistance to vote, like voting from home (home voting) or getting help at the polling booth.
• Online or Remote Voting: In some countries, there are discussions about using online voting, but it is not common yet in many places because of security concerns.

Question 6.
Note the date in the given calendar. Find out what is special about this day

Answer:
December 10 is observed as Human Rights Day. It is the day when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948.

Question 7.
Hope you may make preparations for the observance of the International Human Rights Day under the auspices of the School Social Science Club, what would be the programmes that you plan in connection with this?
Answer:
Poster Exhibition, Seminar, Quiz competition, Speech, Video presentation

Question 8.
Media bring to us, from various parts of the world, a lot of news regarding the situations like wars, riots, terrorist attacks that make decent living of the people difficult. Do you know that such human rights violations happen in our locality? Have you come across such incidents? List them.
Answer:
Discrimination against children, Discrimination against women, Discrimination against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Discrimination against guest workers

Question 9.
Collect newspaper cuttings related to the activities of the National Human Rights Commission and prepare a digital album including the collected news.
Answer:
(Hints: Collect more newspaper reports as given below and prepare an album)

Question 10.
Identify the issues in which the National Human Rights Commission intervened recently.
Answer:
Discussion with Human Rights Defenders and NGOs (NHRC): Human Rights Defenders (HRDs) and NGOs jointly discussed the challenges they face and the need for legal and policy support for them. The Commission recognised that human rights defenders play a crucial role in highlighting people’s rights violations and raising awareness.

Involvement in Komamudra clashes: The NHRC has been monitoring objectionable incidents, such as clashes between the Meitei and Kuki communities in Manipur. The delay in government intervention in such conflicts and the issues have been highlighted by the NHRC and other human rights organisations.

Support for Backward Communities: The NHRC has made several interventions to protect the rights of Dalits, tribal groups, religious minorities, etc.

Question 11.
Amnesty International is a voluntary organisation working against human rights violations at the international level. Are there voluntary organisations of this type working in our country? Identify.
Answer:
People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL): PUCL is one of the oldest human rights organisations in India. It works against unjust arrests, police atrocities, violations of agitations, etc.

Aishwarya Sena (AIDWA): It is an active organisation that works on issues such as violence against women and children, workers’ rights and poverty.

Equal Rights Trust: An organisation that works to promote equality and humanity in the Indian justice system and against oppression against anti-equality laws.

Snehalaya, Rescue Foundation: Snehalaya and Rescue Foundation are two separate NGOs in India, both working toward empowering marginalised individuals, particularly focusing on rescuing and rehabilitating victims of human trafficking, abuse, and exploitation.

Question 12.

Observe the picture above. What are the issues raised by women agitators? Have you n any other issues faced by women? Discuss them.
Answer:
Discrimination at working places, Sexual harassment, Domestic violence, Gender discrimi Discrimination in the field of education

Question 13.
Collect news and pictures about the activities of the National Women’s Commission. Include the collected information in the Social Science album.
Answer:
(Collect more pictures as given below)

Question 14.
Identify, with the help of teachers, the cases/incidents the National Women’s Commission intervened in for the protection of the rights of women.
Answer:
The National Commission for Women (NCW) has raised several issues as it has intervened in various cases of anti-women incidents and rights violations.

Sexual harassment cases: NCW has been actively involved in cases of sexual harassment faced by women in colleges, workplaces and public places.

Domestic Violence: NCW provides support for women to lodge complaints of domestic violence and seek safe shelter.

Internet Abuse: NCW also deals with complaints against cyberbullying on social media and other online platforms that violate women’s privacy.

Question 15.
Make preparations for the observance of the National Women’s Day in your school. Prepare an invitation letter for the same.
Answer:
Dear teachers and students,
National Women’s Day, which celebrates the rights and victories of women, is being celebrated with great enthusiasm in the school this year. Women’s Day is an opportunity to Remember women’s involvement, capabilities and virtues and to encourage their life’s successes.

Date of Observance: 8 March 2024
Location: School Auditorium
Time: From 10:00 am onwards
Sequences:
Chief Guest Greeting Speech: Women’s literacy, self-security, life successes, etc. were the topics. Cultural programmes: Dances and music performed by the students of the school.

Poster and dissertation competition: Issues related to women’s empowerment.
Awards: Awards are given to the winners of competitions that raise contemporary issues.
Contact: For information and participation, please get in touch with the class teacher or school coordinator. We hope that your presence will make our celebrations more prosperous.

With regards,
Principal.

Question 16.
Collect news about problems faced by women and intervention of the Women’s Commission in those issues and make a news album.
Answer:
(Collect more pictures as given below)

Question 17.

Read the television news given above. The news is about the demands raised by minority organisations about the various issues faced by the minorities. What are the issues raised here?
Answer:
Economic backwardness, Educational backwardness, Script Protection, Guarantee social progress Discrimination issues.

Question 18.
Collect news regarding the interventions of the National Minority Commission.
Answer:

Question 19.
Identify whether there are linguistic minorities in your area.
Answer:
Linguistic minorities are generally considered to be those who speak a language that is not dominant in a state or region. For example, In Kerala, minority languages are languages other than Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Gujarati and Malayalam. (Based on this hint, speak with an adult in your area with the help of your family members to find out if there are linguistic min orities, and prepare a note about them.)

Question 20.
Discuss and prepare notes on the issues faced by the linguistic minorities and their remedies.
Answer:
Issues Faced by Linguistic Minorities
Education Challenges: Struggle to understand lessons if taught in a different language.
Job Limitations: Fewer job opportunities if they don’t speak the main language.
Loss of Culture: Pressure to use the main language can weaken their cultural identity.
Lack of Support: There is not enough help from the government to learn both languages.

Remedies
Bilingual Education: Classes in both languages help students learn comfortably.
Job Programs: Support to learn the main language for better job chances.
Cultural Events: Festivals and classes to celebrate their language and culture.
Government Help: Laws and resources to support minority languages.
Awareness: Programs to promote respect and inclusion for all languages.

Question 21.
What are the developmental activities that should be done for the Scheduled Caste-Scheduled Tribe sections, according to Nehru? Discuss.
Answer:

• Roads and communication facilities
• Healthcare activities
• Schools
• More industries

Question 22.
Find out and enlist the various welfare projects implemented by the government for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Answer:
Education Support
Scholarships: Provides money to SC and ST students so they can pay for school and college.
Hostels: Special hostel facilities are available for SC and ST students, so they have a place to stay while studying.

Employment and Skill Training
Skill Development Programs: Offers training programs to help SC and ST individuals learn skills for better jobs.
Job Reservations: Certain government jobs are reserved for SC and ST people to ensure they have good work opportunities.

Housing and Financial Help
Housing Schemes: Provides affordable houses and housing loans to help SC and ST families get homes.
Financial Aid for Businesses: SC and ST people get special loans and financial support to start small businesses.

Health and Medical Aid
Free Medical Camps: Organises free health check-ups and treatments in areas where SC and ST communities live.
Healthcare Insurance: Gives free or low-cost health insurance to SC and ST families to help with medical costs.

Question 23.
Collect newspaper reports regarding the interventions of the National Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Commissions.
Answer:

Question 24.
From the speech delivered by Dr. Ambedkar. What are the suggestions put forward by him for the progress of the backward sections?
Answer:

• Make higher education less costly
• Bring equality
• Give special consideration to those in the lower status
• Eliminate discrimination

Question 25.
Find out the present Chairpersons of the National and State Backward Classes Commissions.
Answer:

• Hansraj Gangaram Ahir is the chairman of the National Commission for Backward Classes.
• Justice G Sasidharan is the chairman of the State Backward Classes Commission.

Question 26.
Prepare a note on the activities of the National Commission for Backward Classes.
Answer:

• Identifies Backward Classes: NCBC creates and updates a list of Backward Classes to make sure they get the help they need.
• Advises the Government: It gives advice to the government on how to improve the lives of Backward Classes, like by creating new programs or laws.
• Monitors Programs: NCBC checks that government programs for Backward Classes are working well and reaching the people who need them.
• Protects Rights: It listens to complaints if Backward Classes face unfair treatment and helps find solutions.
• Promotes Education and Jobs: NCBC supports reservations (special seats) in education and government jobs for Backward Classes.

Question 27.
Organise a panel discussion in the class on ‘The Role of Institutions in the Extension of Democracy.’
Answer:
Panel Discussion: The Role of Institutions in Democracy
Steps:
Choose Panelists: Pick classmates to represent different groups (like Government, Courts, Election Commission, Media, and Schools).
Prepare Points:
Government: Makes rules for the people.
Courts: Protect people’s rights and make sure laws are followed.
Election Commission: Manages elections to keep them fair.
Media: Shares news so people know what’s happening.
Schools: Teach us about democracy and being good citizens.
Discussion:
Moderator (another classmate) asks each panelist, “How does your group help democracy?”
Each panelist shares their answer in a few sentences.
Questions: Classmates can ask simple questions to learn more.
Conclusion: Moderator shares the main points.

Extension of Democracy through Institutions Class 9 Extended Activities

Question 1.
Organise a seminar on the topic’ Women’s Safety’ in connection with International Women’s Day.
Answer:
Seminar on Women’s Safety (for International Women’s Day)
Objective: To learn about the importance of women’s safety

Introduction:
Date: Organise it around International Women’s Day (March 8).
Purpose: Understand why women’s safety is important and how everyone can contribute.

Guest Speakers:
Invite speakers, such as a local police officer, a counsellor, or a teacher, who can talk about women’s safety, self-defense tips, and laws that protect women.

Topics Covered:
Basic Safety Tips: How to stay safe in public places, online, and at school.
Support Systems: Knowing who to reach out to in case of danger (helplines, family, or teachers).
Respect and Equality: Why it’s important to treat everyone with respect and work together for safety.

Student Participation:
Encourage students to share their thoughts or ask questions about safety and equality.

Conclusion:
End with a few reminders about how each of us can help make our communities safer for everyone. This seminar helps us understand the importance of women’s safety and what we can do to support it.

Question 2.
You must have noticed the implementation of school parliament election in your school. Shall we conduct a model election in the class to assess the duties of the election commission? What are the preparations needed for that?
Answer:

• Create Election Guidelines
• Set Up a Campaign Period
• Prepare Voting Materials
• Set Up Voting and Counting Stations
• Announce the Results
• Reflection and Feedback

Question 3.
Collect boards and pictures and organise an exhibition for creating awareness about human rights violations and to suggest remedies for them.
Answer:
(Hints: Collect more pictures as shown below)

Question 4.
Stage a play on ‘the problems faced by women in the society and their solutions’ in the class.
Answer:
Title: “Girls Can Do Anything!”
Characters:
Aanya: A 15-year-old girl who wants to become a scientist.
Mom: Aanya’s supportive mother, but she is a worried mother.
Teacher: Encourages Aanya and her friends to follow their dreams.
Friend 1 and Friend 2: Aanya’s classmates who have different views on what girls can do.
Narrator: Explains each scene to the audience.

Scene 1: Classroom
Narrator says, “This story is about Aanya, who dreams of becoming a scientist.”
Aanya tells her friends, “I want to be a scientist!”
Friend 1 replies, “But isn’t science hard for girls?”
Teacher hears this and says, “Girls can do anything! Don’t let anyone tell you otherwise.”
Message: Girls should be free to choose any career, like boys.

Scene 2: At Home
Mom tells Aanya, “I worry about you coming home late from school.”
Aanya says, “But, Mom, I want to study hard so I can reach my goals.”
Mom thinks and says, “You’re right. I will support you.”
Message: Parents can help girls feel safe and confident in reaching their goals.

Scene 3: A Group Chat
Aanya and her friends talk about issues girls face, like being told they can’t do certain things or concerns about safety. They talk about solutions, like speaking up for each other, raising awareness, and learning to protect themselves.
Teacher joins and says, “If we support each other, things will improve.”
Message: Support from friends, family, and teachers can help girls reach their dreams.

Final Scene: Back in Class
Aanya thanks everyone for their support. She says, “With support, we can make a better world for girls!”
Narrator wraps up: “When everyone helps, girls can do anything!”
End Message:
All characters say together, “Girls dreams matter!”

Question 5.
Complete the table.
Enter the names and year of information of the various commission constituted for the extension of democracy in the table given below.

Answer:

	Name of Commission	Year of Formation
1	Election Commission	1950
2	National Human Rights Commission	1993
3	National Commission for women	1992
4	National Commission for minorities	1993
5	National Commission for Backward classes	1993

Std 9 History Chapter 7 Notes Kerala Syllabus Extra Question Answer

Question 1.
Where do constitutional institutions derive power from?
Answer:
Constitutional institutions derive their power and responsibilities from the Constitution of India. The supreme court, parliament, constituent assemblies, election commission, etc. are the main constitutional bodies.

Question 2.
What are the important constitutional institutions?
Answer:

• Election Commission
• Human Rights Commission
• Women’s Commission
• Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

Question 3.
Write the difference between constitutional institutions and extra constitutional institutions.
Answer:
Institutions can be classified into two: constitutional bodies and extra constitutional bodies. The constitutional bodies are autonomous bodies formed when the Constitution came into force. The Constitution is the source of power of the constitutional bodies. Constitutional amendment is essential for effecting any change in the power or structure of these bodies. Extra constitutional bodies are formed by the laws passed by the Parliament. They can be given constitutional status as and when required.

Question 4.
a. ‘In our country, it is the Election Commission that prepares the voter list and issues identity cards to the voters’. Do you agree with this statement?
b. Write down the duties of the Election Commission?
Answer:
a. Yes, I agree with this statement.
b.

• Preparation of electoral roll and issuance of identity card.
• Supervise, administer, and control the elections to the offices of the President and the Vice President of India, Members of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies.
• Promulgation and enforcement of the codes of conduct.
• Recognition of political parties and allotment of symbols to them.

Question 5.
Write a note on Representation of People Act 1951.
Answer:
The Representation of People Act 1951 is an act to provide for the conduct of elections to the Indian Parliament and State legislatures and, to determine the eligibility and disqualification of those elected, and provide for the settlement of election disputes.

It deals with the crimes related to election, and the eligibility and disqualification of the members of the Parliament. According to this act, any organisation that wants to become a political party has to register with the Election Commission. It also stipulates the criteria for national party and regional party status and the rules to obtain election symbols.

Question 6.
What is the name of the process by which the Chief Election Commissioner can be removed? Explain.
Answer:
Impeachment.
Impeachment is the process of removing persons holding constitutional positions through parliamentary proceedings.

Question 7.
When was the National Human Rights Commission came into being?
Answer:
October 12, 1993

Question 8.
‘The Human Rights Commission has three members’. Do you agree with this statement?
Answer:
The statement shown above is incorrect. The commission has six members, including the chairperson.

Question 9.
Who is the chairman of the Human Rights Commission?
Answer:
A retired High Court Chief Justice / High Court judge will be the chairman.

Question 10.
State the importance of the Human Rights Commission in society.
Answer:
The National Human Rights Commission plays an important role in the protection of the human rights of the citizens and thereby ensuring the extension of democracy. Human rights violations are denial of the civil rights and values promised by the

Constitution of India. Human Rights are the rights to life, liberty, equal treatment and dignity, as assured by the Constitution of India and international agreements ratified by India.

Question 11.
How is the State Human Rights Commission different from the National Human Rights Commission?
Answer:
Similar to the National Human Rights Commission, there are Human Rights Commissions in the States also. Kerala State Human Rights Commission came into existence on 11 December 1998. There are three members of the Commission, including the Chairperson. A retired Chief Justice/Judge of the High Court shall be the Chairperson of the Human Rights Commission. Members of the Commission are appointed by the Governor.

Question 12.
Define Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
Answer:
The Dowry Prohibition Act was passed by the Parliament in 1961 to eradicate the evil practice of dowry from society and prevent atrocities in the name of dowry. Dowry is the exchange of wealth on the occasion of marriage as per prior agreement or under compulsion. If a person consents to marriage based on the promise of certain sum of money, jewellery or wealth, it is also dowry. Both, accepting and giving dowry are punishable under this law.

Question 13.
When is women’s day celebrated?
Answer:
March 8

Question 14.
What are the functions of national commission for women.
Answer:

• Examine the constitutional provisions and laws for the safety of women.
• Submit proposals for legislation to protect women’s rights.
• Activities for ensuring gender justice

Question 15.
Write down the major functions of the National Commission for minorities.
Answer:

• Evaluate the progress of the social development of the minorities
• Evaluate the functioning of the constitutional provisions and laws for the protection of the minorities.
• Submit reports on the issues and crises faced by minorities from time to time.
• Examine the complaints regarding the violation of the rights of minorities and make recommendations for further action.

Question 16.
How is the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Commission different from the National Commission for Minorities?
Answer:
The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Commissions were formed with the objective of protecting the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes from discrimination and exploitation and bringing them to the mainstream of society. It is important to protect their cultural diversities and identities along with this. Both the commissions came into existence in 2004. The commission consists of a Chairperson, a Vice Chairperson and three other members. The members of the commission are appointed by the President of India. The members term in office is three years.

Question 17.
State true or false
a) The National Election Commission was established in 1993.
b) The National Commission for Backward Classes was established in 1993.
c) The year in which the State Women’s Commission came into existence was March 18, 1996.
d) A retired high court judge will be the chairman of the Human Rights Commission.
Answer:
a) False – came into existence in 1950 .
b) True
c) False – March 16, 1996.
d) True

Question 18.
Define the role of institutions in the context of the spread of democracy.
Answer:
It is imperative to address the socio-economic backwardness of the different sections of people in our country with such a large geographical area, high population and cultural diversity. This backwardness can be redressed only by ensuring equality of opportunity, social justice and participation envisioned by the Constitution. The constitutional and extra constitutional bodies have an important role in ensuring the participation of different sections of the people in the political process.

For instance, the Election Commission expands the scope of political democracy by fostering an environment where citizens can exercise their political rights freely and without fear, and thereby broadening the foundation of democratic participation. Since 1951-52, the Election Commission has been taking measures to strengthen electoral democracy and to ensure free and just polls. The Election Commission’s functions, include the delimitation of electoral constituencies, preparation of electoral rolls, implementation of universal adult suffrage, recognition of political parties, implementation of electoral reforms, and promotion of electoral literacy, which have significantly strengthened Indian democracy.

Question 19.
Write a short note on the State Minority Commission of Kerala.
Answer:
The Kerala State Minority Commission was established in 2013. There are four members in the commission, including the chairperson and the vice chairperson. The state government nominates them. Their term in office is three years. The responsibility of the commission is to ensure that religious and linguistic minorities enjoy the constitutional rights granted to them. The commission also makes recommendations regarding the establishment of educational institutions by minorities.