SSLC History Chapter 6 Important Questions Mass Movement for Freedom

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Class 10 History Chapter 6 Important Questions and Answers Mass Movement for Freedom

Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 6 Mass Movement for Freedom Important Questions

Mass Movement for Freedom Class 10 Important Questions

Question 1.
Find the ones from ‘B’ that match the “A” category given below.

A	B
Kheda Strike	i) Peasant Strike ii) Bihar iii) Local Movements

a) i, ii
b) i, iii
c) ii, iii
d) iii only
Answer:
b) i) Peasant Strike, iii) Local Movements

Question 2.
Arrange the given items in chronological order.
i. Jallianwala Bagh massacre
ii. Chauri Chaura Incident
iii. Champaran Satyagraha
iv. Ahmedabad textile mill strike
a) ii – i – iii – iv
b) iv – ii – i – iii
c) iii – i – ii – iv
d) iii – iv – i – ii
Answer:
d) iii. Champaran Satyagraha – iv. Ahmedabad textile mill strike – i. Jallianwala Bagh massacre – ii. Chauri Chaura Incident

Question 3.
Arrange the table below.

A	B
A. Dr. Satyapal	i. Khilafat movement
B. Raj Kumar Shukla	ii. Swaraj Party
C. Muhammad Ali	iii. Anti-Rowlatt agitation
D. C. R. Das	iv. Champaran Satyagraha

a) a – ii, b – iii, c – i, d – iv
b) a – iii, b – iv, c – ii, d – i
c) a – iii, b – iv, c – i, d – ii
d) a – iv, b – iii, c – i, d – ii
Answer:
c) a – iii, b – iv, c – i, d – ii

A	B
A. Dr. Satyapal	iii. Anti-Rowlatt agitation
B. Raj Kumar Shukla	iv. Champaran Satyagraha
C. Muhammad Ali	i. Khilafat movement
D. C. R. Das	ii. Swaraj Party

Question 4.
Find out which is not related to the Bardoli strike.
a) The strike took place in 1928.
b) Bardoli is located in Gujarat.
c) The main cause was increase in tax.
d) Finally, the government did not revoke the increased tax.
Answer:
d) Finally, the government did not revoke the increased tax

Question 5.
Choose the correct answer by reading the given assertion and reason.
Assertion: Gandhiji initiated the Civil Disobedience Movement by making salt on Dandi beach. Reason: The aim was to reduce public participation.
a) Both assertion and reason are correct
b) Assertion is correct, Reason is wrong
c) Assertion is wrong, Reason is correct
d) Both assertion and reason are wrong
Answer:
b) Assertion is correct, Reason is wrong

Question 6.
Find out which of the following is not related to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
a) Gandhi signed the Irwin Pact in 1931.
b) Congress participated in the first round table conference
c) Ended the Civil Disobedience Movement
d) Gandhiji participated in the Second Round Table Conference
Answer:
b) Congress participated in the first round table conference

Question 7.
Arrange the given items in chronological order.
i. Simla Conference
ii. Mountbatten Plan
iii. Quit India Movement
iv. Cabinet Mission
a) iv – ii – iii – i
b) ii – i – iii – iv
c) iii – i – iv – ii
d) iii – ii – i – iv
Answer:
c) iii. Quit India Movement – i. Simla Conference – iv. Cabinet Mission – ii. Mountbatten Plan

Question 8.
Who was the last Viceroy of British India?
Answer:
Mountbatten

Question 9.
Who was the first Prime minister of Independent India?
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 10.
Explain the provisions of the Rowlatt Act.
Answer:

• Anyone could be arrested without a warrant.
• Anyone could be jailed without trial.

Question 11.
Who were the leaders of the Khilafat movement in India?
Answer:
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

Question 12.
Explain about Chauri Chaura incident.
Answer:
On February 5, 1922, while the Non – Cooperation Movement was underway, tensions escalated between protesters and police at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh. An enraged mob set the police station on fire, resulting in the deaths of 22 policemen. Recognising that the agitation violated the principle of non-violence, Gandhiji decided to stop the movement. This decision surprised other leaders and Gandhiji faced severe criticism. Subhas Chandra Bose later described this decision as a “national calamity.” Later, Gandhiji was arrested, tried, and sentenced to six years of imprisonment.

Question 13.
Explain the reason for the Rampa Rebellion.
Answer:

• The tribals were driven to agitation by the British forest laws, which restricted their rights to graze their cattle in the forest.
• Exploitation by moneylenders.

Question 14.
What did Gandhi participate in the Khilafat Movement?
Answer:
Gandhiji recognised the importance of extending the movement to rural areas as well. Ele also understood that Hindu-Muslim unity was essential for national solidarity. To achieve this, he took up the Khilafat issue.

Question 15.
The First World War had severe economic impacts on India. Elucidate the statement.
Answer:
INDIA AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR

• The First World War (1914 – 1918) had severe economic impacts on India.
• Additional wartime taxes were levied on the people.
• Huge quantities of food grains were exported for soldiers which led to a severe food shortage.
• Crop losses and epidemics during that period worsened the situation. Many people died of famine.

Question 16.
List the names of members of the Cabinet Mission.
Answer:

1. Stafford Cripps
2. Pethick Lawrence
3. A. V. Alexander

Question 17.
Analyze the early struggles in which Mahatma Gandhi intervened in India.
Answer:

Indigo farmers in Champaran (1917)	Ahmadabad Cotton Mill strike (1918)	Peasant Struggle in Kheda (1918)
In 1917, he was persuaded by Raj Kumar Shukla to study issues faced by indigo cultivators in Champaran district, Bihar. They were exploited by European planters. As a result, the British administration appointed a commission, with Gandhiji as a member, to investigate the grievances. Consequently, the issues of the peasants were largely resolved.	Gandhiji participated in the struggle of textile mill workers in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The struggle demanded a wage hike. Gandhiji went on a fast, and subsequently, the workers’ wages were increased.	In 1918, Gandhiji fought for the peasants of Kheda in Gujarat. They are unable to pay tax due to natural calamities. They launched a movement demanding tax remission. Gandhiji toured the villages and encouraged them. Eventually, the government agreed to grant tax remission who had lost their yield.

Question 18.
Explain the importance of the Lahore Congress.
Answer:
LAHORE CONGRESS: THE TURNING POINT
The annual session of the Indian National Congress was held in Lahore in December 1929. The Lahore Congress was significant in the history of India’s freedom struggle for several reasons.

• The Congress demanded complete independence for the first time.
• It entrusted Gandhiji with the responsibility to launch a mass movement to achieve this goal.
• The tricolour flag was formally adopted.

‘Independence Day Celebration’ Before Independence
January 26, 1930, was celebrated as ‘Independence Day’ across India as per the decision of the Lahore Congress. Meetings were convened in villages and towns simultaneously and the participants declared independence. People participated in the celebrations by hoisting the national flag and singing patriotic songs. Spinning the charkha, promotion of abstinence from alcohol, and fostering Hindu – Muslim unity were also part of the celebrations. January 26 was celebrated as Independence Day in subsequent years as well. This paved the way for January 26 to be chosen as Republic Day after independence.

Question 19.
Choose the correct answer from the given options.
i. Who led the Rampa Rebellion?
a) Motilal Nehru
b) C.R. Das
c) Dr. Satyapal
d) Alluri SitaramaRaju
Answer:
d) Alluri SitaramaRaju

ii. Who led the formation of the Awadh Kisan Sabha?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) C.R. Das
c) Motilal Nehru
d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer:
a) Jawaharlal Nehru

iii. Who led the farmers’ strike in Bardoli?
a) C.R. Das
b) Raj Kumar Shukla
c) Motilal Nehru
d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Answer:
d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

iv. Who was the president of the Lahore Congress annual session in 1929?
a) Motilal Nehru
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) C.R. Das
d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer:
b) Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 20.
Arrange the table given below.

A	B
Bhagat Singh	Satara
Surya Sen	Congress Socialist Party
Jayaprakash Narayan	Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
Nana Patil	Chittagong armoury

Answer:

A	B
Bhagat Singh	Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
Surya Sen	Chittagong armoury
Jayaprakash Narayan	Congress Socialist Party
Nana Patil	Satara

Question 21.
Why did Indians boycott the Simon Commission?
Answer:
The British government appointed a commission, led by Sir John Simon, to recommend constitutional reforms for India. All seven members of the commission were British. For this reason, the Congress and some other political parties decided to boycott the Simon Commission. The entire country observed a hartal on the day the commission arrived in India (February 3, 1928). Streets across India resounded with the slogan “Simon Go Back.” During the protests, Lala Lajpat Rai was severely injured in a lathi charge in Lahore and later succumbed to his injuries.

Question 22.
Peasants and workers protested against the British rule in India. Elucidate the statement.
Answer:
In the 1920s, farmers started organising themselves by forming “kisan sabhas.” The movement in Awadh, Uttar Pradesh, during this period was known as the Eka Movement. The formation of the All India Kisan Sabha in 1936 marked a significant milestone in the history of the peasant movement. In the 1940s, peasant uprisings played a crucial role in the country’s path to freedom.

With the advent of modern industries, a modern working class emerged in India. The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was the first labour organisation in India to be formed on a national basis. The strikes of railways and telegraph workers in the post – World War II shook India. In 1946, a strike organised by labourers in Bombay in support of the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny led to violence.

Question 23.
Explain the background of the Quit India Movement.
Answer:
QUIT INDIA
After the end of World War II, India’s support became crucial for Britain. To secure this, Sir Stafford Cripps came to India. However, Cripps failed to persuade Indian leaders through negotiations. This marked the beginning of the final mass movement led by Gandhiji. The ‘Quit India’ movement began as part of a speech Gandhiji delivered while addressing a mass meeting in Mumbai on August 8, 1942. The movement spread across the country even though leaders, including Gandhiji, were imprisoned.

• Students, youth, workers, and women all took up the struggle and carried it forward.
• Post offices, telegraph offices, and railway stations were targeted.
• Leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, Arana Asaf Ali, and Sucheta Kripalani led the struggle from hiding. They communicated with activists through Congress Radio, which operated secretly from Bombay.

Although the straggle turned violent in several areas, Gandhiji did not condemn it. He alleged that it was the brutality of the government that provoked the people. He declined pressure from the government to denounce the violence and instead declared a 21-day fast in jail. International newspapers demanded Gandhiji’s release, but he completed the fast by overcoming all odds. During the Quit India Movement, certain areas were liberated from British control, and temporary governments were established in those regions.

• Ballia: In Ballia, Uttar Pradesh, a parallel government was established under Chittu Pandey.
• Satara: The parallel government was formed under Nana Patil in Satara, Maharashtra, which lasted until 1945.
• Tamluk: The parallel government in Tamluk in Bengal lasted for a year. It operated effectively by allocating funds to schools, establishing courts, and distributing surplus grain to the poor.

Question 24.
Examine how various sections of society participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:

Peasants	Peasants participated in the movement by refusing to pay tax to the government and rent to the landlords.
Labourers	Labourers in railways, ports, and mines participated in the movement. The labour strike at Sholapur (Maharashtra) turned violent.
Tribal People	They went into the forests to collect resources defying forest laws.
Women	They actively participated in programmes of the movement, such as salt making, and picketing shops that sold foreign goods.
Traders and Industrialists	They refused to buy or sell imported products.

Question 25.
Explain the importance of the Non-Cooperation Movement and participation of various sections of society.
Answer:
A non-violent, non-cooperation movement was launched under the joint leadership of the Khilafat Committee and the Indian National Congress.

The methods of the Non-Cooperation Movement included:

• Returning titles of honours granted by the British government
• Resigning from government jobs
• Advocates boycotting British courts
• Students boycotting British-run schools
• Boycotting foreign goods
• Boycotting legislative assemblies
• Strengthening social harmony, promoting the use of national products, popularising khadi, and establishing national schools were also key programmes during the movement.

Participation of various sections of society:
Women: Women participated in the movement by boycotting foreign goods, and collecting and burning foreign clothes.

Workers: Workers also responded actively to the Non-Cooperation Movement. Workers of the Buckingham Carnatic Mills in Madras, plantation labourers in Assam, and workers of the Assam – Bengal Railway, are among others who went on strike in support of the movement.

Students: Thousands of students boycotted government schools and colleges. They enrolled in national institutions to continue their studies. The Kashi Vidyapeeth in Banaras, Gujarat Vidyapeeth, and Jamia Millia Islamia in Aligarh were among the national institutions founded during this time.

Tribal People: The tribal communities participated in the movement by defying British-imposed forest laws. These laws had restricted access to forest resources.

Peasants: Peasants participated in the movement in large numbers. The ‘Awadh Kisan Sabha’ was formed under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru during this period. In Bengal, peasants boycotted jute cultivation. They chose to grow rice and cotton instead of jute.

Question 26.
Write a short note about JallianwalaBagh Massacre.
Answer:
RESISTANCE TO BRITISH REPRESSION
The British government took a few steps to repress the Indian freedom movement which gained momentum after World War I. The Rowlatt Act of 1919 was implemented as part of this effort. According to this law:

• Anyone could be arrested without a warrant.
• Anyone could be jailed without trial.

Gandhiji called for a national hartal on April 6, 1919, to protest this repressive law that curtailed fundamental rights. A ‘Satyagraha Sabha’ was formed to publicise the movement. There was a massive popular participation in the hartal. Gandhiji described this national hartal as the ‘most wonderful spectacle.’ The anti-Rowlatt agitation was very strong in Punjab and Lahore. Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew, the popular leaders of Punjab, were arrested and imprisoned. Martial law was declared in Amritsar.

On April 13, 1919, people gathered on a ground for a public meeting at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to protest against the arrest of their leaders. Following the orders of General Reginald Dyer, the British police opened fire on the crowd without warning. The ground had only one entrance. According to official records, 379 people were killed during the 10-minute firing. However, actual casualties were likely much higher, with over a thousand injured. The British government appointed Hunter Commission to inquire into various incidents including the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

The Political Training Ground in South Africa
It was South Africa that shaped the political leader Mahatma Gandhi. He spent twenty years in South Africa. He arrived there as a legal assistant to Dada Abdullah Javeri, a migrant Gujarati merchant. During that time, Gandhiji led a struggle against racial discrimination faced by the Asians and the coloured people at the hands of the whites. It was in South Africa, that Gandhiji developed his Satyagraha, a form of struggle based on non-violence. South Africa served as a training ground for his real struggle. Gandhiji returned to India in 1915.