Prasanna

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Physics Question Paper Set 1 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Syllabus Std 9 Physics Model Question Paper Set 1 English Medium

Time: 1½ Hours
Max Score: 40 Marks

Instructions:

• First 15 minutes is given as cool off time. This time is to b. spent for reading and understanding the questions.
• Answer the questions according to the directions.
• Score and time to be considered while answering.

I. Answer any three questions from 1 to 4. (1 score each) (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 1.
A body of mass 4 kg is moving with a velocity of 4m/s. What is its momentum?
(16 kgm/s, 12 kgm/s, 24 kgm/s, 48 kgm/s)
Answer:
16 kgm/s

Question 2.
Value of ‘g’ at the centre of the Earth is _____
Answer:
Zero

Question 3.
Identify the relation between the first pair and complete the second
Velocity : m/s
Acceleration : _____
Answer:
m/s²

Question 4.
Speed of light in a medium having high optical density will be _____.
Answer:
lower

II. Answer any Seven questions from 5 to 13. (2 score each) (7 × 2 = 14)

Question 5.
An object weighs 60 kg. wt. on the Earth. What is its weight on the Moon?
(g_moon = 1.62 m/s²)
Answer:
Weight on moon = \(\frac { 60 }{ 9.8 }\) × 162 = 9.918 kg.wt.

Question 6.
Write down equations of motion.
Answer:
v = u + at
s = ut + 1/2 at²
v² = u² + 2as

Question 7.
Match the following.

Twinkling of stars	Total internal reflection
periscope	Reflection and total internal reflection
Mirage	Refraction
Straw in water appears bent	Atmospheric refraction

Answer:

Twinkling of stars	Atmospheric refraction
periscope	Total internal reflection
Mirage	Reflection and total internal reflection
Straw in water appears bent	Refraction

Question 8.
A car and a lorry are travelling at the same velocity.
Which has greater momentum? Why?
Answer:
Lorry has greater momentum. This is because. as mass increases. momentum Increases.

Question 9.
II a ball of mass 20 kg and another ball of mass 10 kg fall simultaneously from the top of a tower, which one will reach the ground first? Why?
Answer:
Both the balls will reach the ground at the same time. It is because the acceleration due to gravity does not depend on the mass of the body.

Question 10.
Write down the action and reaction while we are walking on a floor?
Answer:
Action – When we are walking on a floor, we apply a force on the floor.
Reaction – The floor applies a force n the opposite direction.

Question 11.
The massof the Earth is 6 × 10²⁴kg, and that of the Moon is 7.4 × 10²²kg. The distance between Earth and. Moon is 3.84 × 10⁵ km. Calculate the force of attraction. (G = 6.7 × 10^-11 Nm² kg^-2)
Answer:
M = 6 × 10²⁴kg
m = 7.4 × 10²²kg
d = 3.84 × 10⁵km
F = \(\frac{G M m}{d^2}\)
= \(\frac{6.7 \times 10^{-11} \times 6 \times 10^{24} \times 7.4 \times 10^{22}}{\left(3.84 \times 10^5\right)^2}\)
= 20.17 × 10⁵N

Question 12.
Find out the appropriate law for the given situations.
a) When the tip of an inflated bauoon is released, the balloon moves in a direction opposite to the direction of motion of air.
b) When a bus moves forward suddenly from rest, the standing passengers tend to fall back.
c) During a pole wait jump, the impact is reduced by falling on the foam bed.
d) Gas at high pressure pushed out from the chambers of rocket causes rocket propulsion.
Answer:
a) Newton’s third law of motion
b) Newton’s first law of motion
c) Newton’s second law of motion
d) Newton’s third law of motion

Question 13.
The refractive index of glass is 1.5. If the speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 10⁸ m/s, find speed of light in glass.
Answer:
Refractive Index of glass n = 1 .5
Speed of light in vacuum = 3 × 10⁸ m/s
Speed of light in glass,
v = \(\frac { c }{ n }\) = \(\frac{3 \times 10^8}{1.5}\) = 2 × 10⁸ m/s

III. Answer any five questions from 14 to 19. (3 score each) (5 × 3 = 15)

Question 14.
A car starting from rest attains a velocity of 30 m/s within 3 s.
a) Calculate the acceleration of the car.
b) Find displacement of the car within 3 s.
Answer:
u = 0
v = 30 m/s
t = 3s
a) a = \(\frac{v-u}{t}\) = \(\frac{30-0}{3}\) = 10m/S²

b) S = Ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\)at² = 0 × 3 + \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 10 × 3² = 45m

Question 15.
Assume that a body of mass 1 kg is kept at the poles, equator and centre of the Earth.
a) In which place does this body experience maximum weight?
b) In which place does this body experience minimum weight?
c) Justify your answer.
Answer:
a) At the poles.

b) Weight at equator will be less than that at poles.
Weight at the centre of Earth will be zero:

c) Weight = mxg, but g = GM/R²
Here, R is the radius of the earth. As R decreases, weight increases and as R Increases, weight decreases. Radius of earth (R) is not the same everywhere because earth is not a perfect sphere.

Question 16.
A car moving with a speed of 54 km/h comes to rest after 3s on applying brake. If the mass of the car, including the passengers, is 1000kg. What will be the force applied when the brake is applied?
Answer:
u = 54 Km/h = \(\frac{54 \times 5}{18}\) = 15m/s
t = 3s
m = 1000 kg
v = 0
F = ma = \(m\left(\frac{v-u}{t}\right)\)
= 1ooo × \(\left(\frac{0-15}{3}\right)\) = –\(\frac { 15000 }{ 3 }\) = -5000N

Question 17.
Why do stars appear to twinkle?
Answer:
The light coming from the stars reaches our eyes by traveling through the atmosphere. The optical density of the medium through which the light travels changes as the physical conditions (pressure, temperature etc.) of the layers of the atmosphere change continuously. Hence, the light undergoes an irregular refraction. Therefore, when the light rays from the stars reach the eyes after refracted several times, the star cannot be seen continuously at the same position. This is the reason for the twinkling of stars.

Question 18.
State and prove the impulse-momentum principle.
Answer:
The product of the force and the time is the impulse of the force. The impulse of force is equal to the change in momentum. This is the impulse-momentum principle. According to Newtons second law of motion.
F = \(\frac{m v-m u}{t}\)
F × t = m (v – u)
F × t = mv – mu
i.e. impulse = change in momentum
This is known as impulse – momentum principle.

Question 19.
An object starting from rest travels with a uniform acceleration of 6 m/s². Calculate the velocity and distance travelled after 1 minute?
Answer:
u = 0
a = 6m/s²
t = 1 minute = 60s
y = u + at
= 0 + 6 × 60
= 360 m/s
s = ut + 1/2 at²
= 0 × 60 + 1/2 × 6 × 60²
= 10800 m

IV. Answer any two questions from 20 to 22. (4 score each) (2 × 4 = 8)

Question 20.
Give reason.
a) Karate experts move their hands with great speed to break strong bricks.
b) While catching a cricket ball, the player moves his hands backwards along with the ball.
c) A running athlete cannot stop himself abruptly at the finishing line of a race.
d) It Is easy to stop a rolling empty drum but difficult to stop a rolling drum filled with tar.
Answer:
a) The force acting on a body will be inversely proportional to the time taken. That is, as time decreases, force increases.
b) The force acting on a body will be inversely proportional to the time taken. That is, as time increases force decreases.
c) Due to inertia of motion
d) As mass increases, inertia increases.

Question 21.
a) Define centripetal acceleration and centripetal force. What is their direction?
b) What happens to the hammer, which is under circular motion, if it loses the centripetal force?
c) A hammer of mass 2 kg is subjected to circular motion along a circular path of radius 2 m with a velocity of 2 m/s. Calculate its centripetal force.
Answer:
a) The acceleration experienced by an object in a circular motion, along the radius, towards the centre of the circle, is known as centripetal acceleration. The force that creates a centripetal acceleration is called centripetal force. Centripetal acceleration and centripetal force are directed towards the centre.

b) It will be thrown off along the tangent at that point.

c) m = 2kg.
v = 2m/s
r = 2m
F_c = \(\frac{m v^2}{r}\) = \(\frac{2 \times 2^2}{2}\) = 4N

Question 22.
a) Define critical angle. What change in the path of light will be observed if the angle of incidence is increased from critical angle?
b) Will total internal reflection occur for a ray of light entering from water to air at an angle of 49.8°? Why?
Answer:
a) Critical angle -when a ray of light enters from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium the angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction becomes 90° is the critical angle.
If the angle of incidence is increased from critical angle, then the ray will undergo total internal reflection, ie., the ray will be reflected back to the same medium.

b) Total internal reflection will occur for a ray of light entering from water to air at an angle of 49.8° because the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle of water.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Biology Question Paper Set 5 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Syllabus Std 9 Biology Model Question Paper Set 5 English Medium

Time: 1½ Hours
Max Score: 40 Marks

Instructions:

• First 15 minutes is given as cool off time. This time is to be spend for reading and understanding the questions.
• Answer the questions according to the directions.
• Score and time to be considered while answering.

I. Answer any 4 from questions 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
Plants grow in water as well as on land. Who are the producers in the ocean and other water bodies?
Answer:
Aquatic plants include larger plants, or macrophytes, and microscopic algae, or phytoplankton. These are the primary producers in the ocean and other water bodies.

Question 2.
The small intestine involves mechanical processes, namely ……………….. and ………………… to help in
the movement of food and the blending of food with digestive fluids.
Answer:
Peristalsis and Segmentation

Question 3.
What is the function of the small intestine?
Answer:
The small intestine is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.

Question 4.
List the two major stages involved in cellular respiration.
Answer:

• Glycolysis
• Krebs cycle

Question 5.
Which are the two main categories of metabolic processes?
Answer:
The two main categories of metabolic processes are anabolism and catabolism.

II. Answer any 4 from questions 6 to 10. Each carries 2 score (4 × 2 = 8)

Question 6.
The exchange of oxygen from the air which has entered the alveolus into the blood, and the exchange of carbon dioxide into the alveolus from the blood is called the alveolar exchange of gases.’
a) What are the characteristic features of the walls of the alveolus and blood capillaries?
b) What is the importance of moisture in the wall of the alveolus?
Answer:
a) The walls of the alveoli are very thin, which makes it easier for oxygen and CO₂ to pass between the alveoli and very small blood vessels (capillaries). Both are made up of a single layer of cells.

b) Moisture is important for gas exchange because, in order for oxygen and carbon dioxide to effectively cross the alveoli membrane, they must dissolve in an aqueous-like solution. With the right amount of moisture, gas exchange occurs properly.

Question 7.
Your school health club is conducting an awareness class on the topic ‘Bad habits and Health of the heart’. Mention any four points that to be included in the awareness class.
Answer:
Points to be included in the awareness class,

• While some risk factors are uncontrollable (age, genetics), many lifestyle habits significantly influence heart health.
• Excessive saturated and trans fats raise bad cholesterol, clogging arteries.
• High sodium intake increases blood pressure, putting strain on the heart.
• A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease
• Smoking increases the risk of blood clots and heart attacks. (Any four)

Question 8.
a) Name the scientist who explained the reactions in the dark phase of photosynthesis,
b) Complete the illustration by including the reactants and products of photosynthesis.

Answer:
a) Melvin Calvin

Question 9.
“Stomata remain open in the day time and closed at night.” Give the reason.
Answer:
Photosynthesis occurs during the day and thus stomata are open to supply the carbon dioxide required for the process. The stomatal openings remain closed at night as photosynthesis is not conducted without sunlight. They are closed to prevent water loss via the stomatal pores.

Question 10.
Complete the illustration related to photosynthesis suitably.

Answer:
i) Light Phase
ii) Water

III. Answer any 4 from questions 11 to 15. Each carries 3 scores (4 × 3 = 12)

Question 11.
Observe the figure and answer the following questions.

a) Why is the dialyis fluid removed from the dialysis unit in due course of time?
b) When is kidney transplantation required?
Answer:
a) If the dialysis fluid is not removed properly, it can cause swelling in blood vessels and increase your blood pressure, which makes your heart work harder. Too much fluid can build up in the lungs, making breathing difficult. Hemodialysis removes fluid as the blood is filtered through the dialysis machine.

b) Kidney transplantation is done when a person whose kidneys no longer function properly.

Question 12.
Observe the figure and answer the questions.

a) Which is the cell organelle?
b) Identify and write the parts A and B.
c) Name the two steps in the process of food formation (photosynthesis) that take place in chloroplasts?
Answer:
a) Chloroplast
b) A – Grana,
B – Stroma lamellae
c) Light phase, Dark phase.

Question 13.
A flowchart on the path of nutrients is given below. Observe it and answer the questions.

a) Name the blood vessels indicated by the letters A, B and C.
b) Do all the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine have the same path? Explain.
Answer:
a) A – Portal vein, B – Hepatic vein, C – Venacava

b) No. Nutrients like amino acids and glucdse are absorbed into the blood capillaries of the villus and are transported to the liver through the portal vein. Then they are carried to vena cava through hepatic vein. Substances like fatty acid and glycerol are absorbed by the lacteal of villus. They are carried to vena cava by lymph vessels. Vena cava carries all these nutrients to the heart.

Question 14.
a) Mention the role of haemoglobin in respiration.
b) Write any two healthy habits that can be followed to prevent anaemia.
Answer:
a) Haemoglobin is an iron-containing proteinaceous pigment which imparts red colour to the red blood cells (RBCs). Structurally haemoglobin can bind with respiratory gases like O₂ and CO₂ and it helps in the transportation of these gases to and from the cells.

b)

• Eat foods rich in iron and B vitamins.
• Eat fruits and vegetables high in vitamin C, which helps your body absorb iron.

Question 15.
The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. There are three main steps for urine formation and these processes ensure that only waste and excess water are removed from the body.
a) What are the three main steps for urine formation?
b) Name the diseases that may caused due to abnormal amounts of glucose and calcium oxalate crystals in urine.
c) What are the major components of urine?
Answer:
a) Steps for urine formation,

• Glomerular filtration (Ultrafiltration)
• Reabsorption
• Secretion

b) Abnormal amount of glucose – Diabetes Abnormal amount of Calcium oxalate crystals – Kidney stone

c) Water, urea, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium salts, phosphate, uric acid, creatinine, etc. are’the components of urine.

IV. Answer any 4 from questions 16 to 20. Each carries 4 scores (4 × 4 = 16)

Question 16.
Prepare a short note on how hemodialysis is done.
Answer:
Hemodialysis is a process of filtering the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally. Hemodialysis helps control blood pressure and balance important minerals, such as potassium, sodium, and calcium, in your blood.

In this process, blood with a high quantity of waste materials is passed to the dialysis unit after adding heparin to prevent coagulation. When blood flows through the dialysis unit the waste materials in the blood diffuse into the dialysis fluid. This fluid is removed in due course. Antiheparin is added to the purified blood and is returned to the body.

Question 17.
One cardiac cycle is known as one heartbeat.
a) Which are the phases included in a cardiac cycle?
b) Why SA node is known as the pacemaker?
c) Expand ECG.
d) Define pulse.
Answer:
a)

• Atrial systole
• Ventricular systole
• Joint diastole

b) It is the SA node in the wall of the right atrium that sends out the electrical signals that make the heart chambers contract. So, they are known as the Pacemaker.

c) Electrocardiogram (ECG)

d) The wave-like movement formed due to the contraction and relaxation of the heart is felt throughout the walls of the arteries is pulse.

Question 18.
Write the role of each of the following in the exchange of gases.
a) Plasma
b) RBC
c) Haemoglobin
d) Tissue fluid
Answer:
a) Plasma: The cells need oxygen for metabolism, which creates carbon dioxide as a waste product. The carbon dioxide is absorbed from the cells by the blood plasma (some of it binds to hemoglobin too) and is transported back to the lungs in the bloodstream.

b) RBC: Oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells, which travel back to the heart. At the same time, the carbon dioxide molecules in the alveoli are blown out of the body the next time a person exhales.

c) Haemoglobin: Haemoglobin is a molecule that is responsible for carrying almost all of the oxygen in the blood. It is composed of four subunits, each with a heme group and a globin chain. A single haemoglobin molecule can carry four 02 molecules along with the blood.

d) Tissue fluid: It is also called lymph or interstitial fluid helps to bring oxygen and nutrients to cells and to remove waste products from them.

Question 19.
Mangrove forests help in controlling Tsunamis to some extent.
a) Who is the Keralite environmental activist who made us aware of the ecological importance of mangrove forests?
b) What is the ecological importance of mangrove forests?
c) Mention any value-added product of the given economically important plant. Coconut tree –
d) List the economically important plants.
Answer:
a) Kallen Pokudan

b)

• They are a repository of biodiversity.
• They are a source of fish wealth.

c) Coconut tree – Coconut oil.

d)

• Coconut
• Rubber
• Coffee plant
• Tea plant

Question 20.
a) How does the food we swallowed enter the oesophagus properly without entering the trachea? Explain?
b) What do you mean by peristalsis?
c) What are the nutrients we get from food?
Answer:
a) The Tongue compresses the food into balls with the help of the palate. That time, Uvula closes the nasal cavity that opens to the pharynx and the trachea tilts up and it is closed by the epiglottis.

b) Peristalsis is the wave like movement of the oesophagus, stomach and intestines, that facilitates the movement of food through the digestive tract and helps to mix the food with digestive juices.

c) Carbohydrate, Protein, fat, Minerals, vitamins & water.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Biology Question Paper Set 4 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Syllabus Std 9 Biology Model Question Paper Set 4 English Medium

Time: 1½ Hours
Max Score: 40 Marks

Instructions:

• First 15 minutes is given as cool off time. This time is to be spend for reading and understanding the questions.
• Answer the questions according to the directions.
• Score and time to be considered while answering.

I. Answer any 4 from questions 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
Photosynthesis occurs within the _____________ cell organelles.
Answer:
Chloroplasts.

Question 2.
Name the first part of the small intestine.
Answer:
Duodenum

Question 3.
Which among the given animals is the odd one in connection with their excretory organ? Write the common features of others.
(Snake, Earthworm, Fish, Frog)
Answer:
Earthworms, others possess kidneys

Question 4.
Plants cannot store glucose, the product of photosynthesis as such. Which of the following is the reason for this?
• Glucose is soluble in water.
• Glucose is insoluble in water.
• Glucose can be converted into other forms.
• Glucose is an unstable compound.
Answer:
Glucose is soluble in water.

Question 5.
The exchange of gases occurs between the alveoli and blood capillaries by ____________ .
Answer:
By Simple diffusion.

II. Answer any 4 from questions 6 to10. Each carries 2 score (4 × 2 = 8)

Question 6.
Some situations in daily life are given below. Discuss how anaerobic respiration is beneficial in such situations and prepare short notes on the same.
a) Yeast is added to leaven the dough.
b) Curd is added to milk to prepare curd.
Answer:
a) Yeast is added to leaven the dough:
Yeasts ferment the sugar and produce carbon dioxide in this process. Fermentation is otherwise called anaerobic respiration. Production of carbon dioxide results in the leavening or rising of the dough to three times its original size.

b) Curd is added to milk to prepare curd:
A teaspoon of curd is added to milk contains the bacteria Lactobacillus. As the bacteria gets more lactose, it will produce lactic acid in the milk, converting the entire milk into curd.

Question 7.
Give reasons for each of the following.
a) Glucose and amino acids are not present in urine.
b) Differences in the diameters of afferent vessels and efferent vessels help in ultrafiltration.
Answer:
a) Essential materials such as glucose, amino acids, etc. formed after ultrafiltration are reabsorbed into the blood. So that they are not present in urine.
b) The afferent arteriole is larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole; This is to provide for the increased blood pressure in the glomerulus for ultrafiltration to take place.

Question 8.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food. List the components required for photosynthesis.
Answer:

• Chlorophyll
• Sunlight
• Water
• Carbon dioxide

Question 9.
Observe the picture of chloroplast and answer the following.

a) What does ‘X’ indicate?
b) Write any two accessory pigments found in ‘X’.
Answer:
a) X – Grana
b) Chlorophyll b, Carotene, and Xanthophyll (Any two).

Question 10.
Describe the structure of the small intestine that aids in absorption.
Answer:
The small intestine is a long, coiled shape tube and has small diameter, maximizing its length for increased absorption. The inner wall is lined with finger-like projections called villi, which significantly increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.

III. Answer any 4 from questions 11 to 15. Each carries 3 scores (4 × 3 = 12)

Question 11.
The normal blood pressure of a healthy person is recorded as 120/80 mmHg. Blood pressure rising above this level is called hypertension and lowering from this level is called hypotension.’
What is the reason for variations of blood pressure? How does it affect the body? Find out.
Answer:
The normal rate of blood pressure is 120/ 80 mmHg. The disease condition in which the blood pressure increases above the normal rate is called hypertension. This happens due to many reasons like, unhealthy habits such as excess use of salt and fat, smoking, lack of exercise etc. The condition in which the blood pressure rate goes below the prescribed rate is called hypotension. These hypotension and hypertension may lead to stroke or heart attack.

Question 12.
Complete the table related to photosynthesis in plants.

Photosynthesis
Hints	Light phase	Dark phase
Place where reaction taken place
Reactions
Products

Answer:

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Hints	Light phase	Dark phase
Place where the reaction takes place	Grana	Stroma
Reactions	Water splits into hydrogen and oxygen	Glucose is formed by combining hydrogen and carbon dioxide
Products	Hydrogen, Oxygen, ATP	Glucose, Water

Question 13.
Make corrections if any in the underlined portions of the following statements.
a) Glucose is converted into fructose and stored in oil seeds.
b) Glucose is transported to various parts of the plant body through phloem tubes.
c) Plants store glucose in the form of starch in the leaves.
d) Glucose is converted into protein and stored in fruits
Answer:
a) Fat
b) Sucrose
d) Fructose

Question 14.
Observe the figure and answer the following questions.

a) Identify the process.
b) Identify and write X and Y.
c) The peculiarities of X and Y are suitable for performing its functions effectively
Answer:
a) Alveolar gaseous exchange
b) X = Alveolus, Y = Blood capillary
c) The inner wall of the alveoli is always kept moist. The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are made up of a single layer of cells.

Question 15.
“In case of kidney failure, blood is purified by passing through artificial kidneys”.
Answer:
a) What is the name of this process?
b) Name the chemical substance used in this process.
c) Write the importance of this chemical substance.
Answer:
a) Haemodialysis.
b) Heparin.
c) Heparin prevents the clotting of blood.

IV. Answer any 4 from questions 16 to 20. Each carries 4 scores (4 × 4 = 16)

Question 16.
Redraw the diagram of chioroplast and answer the questions.

a) Name and label the parts according to the following hints.
Hints:
(i) The part where synthesis of glucose takes place.
(ii) The part where dissociation of water takes place.
b) Which are the phases of photosynthesis that take place in parts (i) and (ii)?
Answer:

b) (i) Stroma – Dark phase
(ii) Grana – Light phase

Question 17.
Redraw the diagram. Identify and label the parts mentioned below.

a) Living tissue which forms the tooth.
b) Part where blood vessels are present.
c) The hardest part of the tooth.
Answer:
a) Dentine
b) Pulp
c) Enamel

Question 18.
The biochemical process in which the cells of an organism obtain energy by combining oxygen and glucose, to release carbohydrates and energy is called respiration.
a) Prepare a short note on respiration in plants.
b) Does anaerobic respiration take place in human beings? Find out.
Answer:
a) Plants do not have a respiratory system or separate organs for the transport of gases. But they
have special features in leaf, stem, and root for the exchange of gases. The small pores on the surface of leaves and young stems are called stomata. Stomata remain open in the daytime and have special features in leaf, stem, and root for the exchange of gases. The small pores on the surface of leaves and young stems are called stomata. Stomata remain open in the daytime and close at night.

During the day photosynthesis and respiration take place simultaneously in the mesophyll cells of leaves. Since the rate of photosynthesis is high during the day, oxygen formed is used for respiration and the excess oxygen is expelled. CO₂ formed as a result of respiration is utilized for photosynthesis and insufficient CO₂ is received from the atmosphere. At night when stomata close, respiratory gas exchange occurs through diffusion.

Lenticels are the lens-shaped openings found on th§ surface of mature stems and roots. They also help in gaseous exchange in plants.

Plant roots have special cells that perform gaseous exchange with the air that is present in the soil particles.

b) Yes. In humans, aerobic respiration takes place in all cells as part of energy production in mitochondria. But in certain conditions, our cells lack oxygen to produce enough energy. For example, when we are doing strenuous exercises or something like that, our muscle cells lack oxygen. In such situations, muscle cells respire without oxygen which results in the production of lactic acid in cells.

Question 19.
Analyse the illustration and answer the following questions.

a) Identify the process given in the illustration.
b) Identify (i) and (ii).
c) In which circumstance, the formation of (i) takes place in the human body?
Answer:
a) Anaerobic respiration

b) (i) Lactic acid, (ii) Alcohol

c) When we are doing strenuous exercises or something like that, our muscle cells lack oxygen. In such situations, muscle cells respire without oxygen which results in the production of lactic acid in cells.

Question 20.
A Seminar on the topic ‘Health and Dental care’ is conducting in your school.
a) What are the main points to be included in the seminar regarding things to be taken care for proper dental care?
b) Prepare a poster regarding the topic.
Answer:
a) The most important things people can do to maintain good oral health are:

• Brush your teeth twice a day
• Flossing once a day removes plaque and food particles from between the teeth, where a brush, can’t reach ,
• Schedule dental checkups and cleanings at least once a year.
• Don’t use tobacco products
• Drink plenty of water
• Consider using mouthwash

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Biology Question Paper Set 3 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Syllabus Std 9 Biology Model Question Paper Set 3 English Medium

Time: 1½ Hours
Max Score: 40 Marks

Instructions:

• First 15 minutes is given as cool off time. This time is to be spend for reading and understanding the questions.
• Answer the questions according to the directions.
• Score and time to be considered while answering.

I. Answer any 4 from questions 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
What are some examples of molecules that can easily pass through plasma membrane?
Answer:
Water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Question 2
……………….. is a calcium containing connective tissue that holds the tooth in the socket of the gum.
Answer:
Cementum

Question 3.
The double-layered membrane that surrounds and protects the heart.
Answer:
Pericardium

Question 4.
Complete the illustration suitably.

Answer:
Lactic acid.

Question 5.
Name the pores present at the tip of the grass leaves to eliminate excess water.
Answer:
Hydathodes.

II. Answer any 4 from questions 6 to 10. Each carries 2 score (4 × 2 = 8)

Question 6.
Differentiate between alveolar exchange and systemic exchange of gases.
Answer:
Alveolar exchange is the exchange of oxygen from the air which has entered the alveolus, into the blood and carbon dioxide into the alveolus from the blood.

Systemic gas exchange is the movement of respiratory gases between blood in systemic capillaries and systemic cells.

Question 7.
Anaerobic respiration takes place in human muscles under certain circumstances.
a. Give reason for this.
b. Name the product of this process.
Answer:
a) When oxygen availability decreases due to strenuous exercise or work, anaerobic respiration takes place in muscle cells.
b) Lactic acid.

Question 8.
Complete the flow chart related to metabolism.

Answer:

Question 9.
“A substantial amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is released by producers in the ocean. Pollution is the most serious threat the marine ecosystem faces.”
Write any two steps to be taken to prevent ocean pollution.
Answer:
Reduce plastic production & waste, Improve wastewater systems, Use eco-friendly products, Reduce chemical pollution (Any two)

Question 10.
Observe the figure and answer the following questions.

a) What is lymph?
b) What is the role of the lymphatic system in digestion?
Answer:
a) Lymph is a fluid derived from tissue fluid that enters specialized vessels called lymph capillaries.
It differs from blood in that it lacks red blood cells and large protein molecules.

b) The lymphatic system plays a vital role in transporting certain products of fat digestion and fat soluble vitamins absorbed from the small intestine. These are transported through lymph vessels instead of directly entering the bloodstream.

III. Answer any 4 from questions 11 to 15. Each carries 3 scores (4 × 3 = 12)

Question 11.
Arrange the given steps of blood circulation in the correct order, starting from Right atrium.
• Blood from different parts of the body reaches the right atrium.
• Blood passes through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
• Right ventricle contracts.
• Blood reaches the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
• Right ventricle receives blood through the tricuspid valve.
• Left ventricle receives blood through the bicuspid valve.
Answer:
• Blood from different parts of the body reaches the right atrium.
• Right ventricle receives blood through the tricuspid valve.
• Right ventricle contracts.
• Blood pass through the pulmonary artery to lungs.
• Blood reaches the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
• Left ventricle receives blood through the bicuspid valve

Question 12.
Complete the flowchart using the hints.
Hints:
• Portal vein
• Lacteal of villus
• Amino acids
• Glycerol
• Hepatic vein
• Lymph vessel

Answer:

Question 13.
Give reasons for the following.
a) Plasma membrane is known as a selectively permeable membrane.
b) When raisins are placed in freshwater, they will bulge.
c) Plants store glucose in the form of starch in leaves.
Answer:
a) The plasma membrane is called a selectively permeable membrane, because, it allows only
certain molecules to pass through it.

b) When raisins are placed in fresh water, they will bulge, because a high amount of water enters into it. This is because of the movement of water molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration.

c) Since glucose is readily soluble in water, it can not be stored. Hence it is converted into insoluble starch in plants.

Question 14.
Observe the figure related to breathing and answer the questions.

a) Identify the step of breathing.
b) Name the parts indicated as X and Y.
c) How does the combined action of X and Y help in this process?
Answer:
a) Inspiration
b) X – Intercostal muscles, Y – Diaphragm
c) During inspiration, air enters the lungs by the contraction of both the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.

Question 15.
Complete the following table related to cellular respiration suitably.

Indicator	Glycolysis	Kreb’s cycle
Location	(i) ……………………..	(ii) ……………………..
Need of oxygen	(iii) ……………………..	(iv) ……………………..
Process	(v) ……………………..is converted into Pyruvic acid	Pyruvic acid is converted to (vi) ……………………..

Answer:
(i) Cytoplasm
(ii) Mitochondria
(iii) No need of Oxygen
(iv) Oxygen required
(v) Glucose
(vi) Carbon dioxide, water and 28 ATP.

IV. Answer any 4 from questions 16 to 20. Each carries 4 scores (4 × 4 = 16)

Question 16.
Classify the given items under two suitable headings in the given table below.
Calcitonin, Sucrase, Progesterone, Salivary amylase, Testosterone, Lipase, Pepsin, Thymosine, Thyroxine

……………………..	………………………….

Answer:

Enzymes	Hormones
1. Salivary amylase in saliva	1. Sex hormone – Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesteron
2. Pepsin in the gastric juice	2. Thyroxine
3. Sucrase	3. Calcitonin
4. Lipase	4. Thymosin

Question 17.
“Nature and humans are receiving countless services from plants. Most plant parts have economic importance in one way or the other.”
a) Mention the economic importance of plants.
b) List any three services provided by plants to the biosphere.
Answer:
a) Besides food and medicines, plants and trees play an essential role in industries. Many raw
materials are obtained from plants and giant trees, and used to produce various industrial products, including paper, spices, cosmetics, pencils, rubber, furniture, and other household products.

b)

• Provide food
• Provide oxygen
• Decrease the level of global warming by the absorption of CO₂.
• Mitigate natural calamities
• Act as the storehouse of biodiversity
• Provide economically important resources (Any three).

Question 18.
Transport in plants takes place through two types of complex tissues in plants, namely Xylem and Phloem.
a) What are the main forces that drive water movement through the xylem?
b) How does water loss from leaves through transpiration contribute to water movement?
Answer:
a) The main forces responsible for water movement through thexylem are cohesion and adhesion:
Cohesion: The attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding. This allows water molecules to form a continuous chain that pulls water upwards.
Adhesion: The attraction of water molecules to the walls of the xylem tubes. This helps create a continuous water column that resists breaking.

b) Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from leaves through tiny pores called stomata. As water evaporates from leaves, it creates a suction force that pulls water upwards through the xylem from the roots. This “pull” is aided by the cohesive and adhesive properties of water.

Question 19.
Observe the figure and answer the questions.

i) Which is the method of treatment indicated in the figure?
ii) When is this treatment needed?
iii) Write the stages of this treatment in correct order.
Answer:
i) Haemodialysis

ii) Haemodialysis is the process proposed by modern medicine for the removal of wastes from the blood when both kidneys become non-functional

iii) a) Blood which contains wastes from the artery is pumped into the dialysis unit. Heparin is
added to prevent coagulation.
b) Wastes from the blood are diffused into the dialysing fluid when it flows through the cellophane tube.
c) Purified blood is pumped back to the veins through another tube.

Question 20.
Redraw the diagram, label the parts, and write their functions.

Answer:

a) Kidney: They remove waste products from the blood and produce urine. Kidneys control the levels of many substances in the blood. Kidneys help to control our blood pressure.

b) Ureters: The ureters are the part of the urinary system, The ureter’s role in the process is to carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Contractions in the ureter, force urine away from the kidneys and into the bladder.

c) Urinary bladder: A hollow organ that stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.
Urethra: The urethra acts as a passage to expel urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Biology Question Paper Set 2 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Syllabus Std 9 Biology Model Question Paper Set 2 English Medium

Time: 1½ Hours
Max Score: 40 Marks

Instructions:
• First 15 minutes is given as cool off time. This time is to be spend for reading and understanding the questions.
• Answer the questions according to the directions.
• Score and time to be considered while answering.

I. Answer any 4 from questions 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
What are the main components of the plasma membrane?
Answer:
The plasma membrane is primarily made up of phospholipid layers and proteins.

Question 2.
Name the biomolecules formed in cells to aid and regulate metabolism.
Answer:
Enzymes and hormones

Question 3.
Which are the major excretory substances in our body?
Answer:
The main excretory product generated by the human body is urea. The urea is excreted out of the body via urine. Sweat is another excretory substance from skin.

Question 4.
Name the membrane that covers the lungs.
Answer:
Pleura

Question 5.
Write any two services that plants provide to the living world.
Answer:

• Providefood.
• Provide oxygen.

II. Answer any 4 from questions 6 to 10. Each carries 2 score (4 × 2 = 8)

Question 6.
Give reason for the following:
a. Light phase takes place in grana.
b. Xanthophyll and Carotene are called accessory pigments.
Answer:
a. Pigments that absorb sunlight are found in the grana of chloroplast.
b. Pigments other than chlorophyll a, absorb light and transfer it to chlorophyll a. so, they are termed as accessory pigments.

Question 7.
Why doesn’t food enter trachea while swallowing it?
Answer:
Tongue compresses the food into balls with the help of palate. Uvula closes the nasal cavity that opens to the pharynx. Posterior part of the tongue allows food to move over the epiglottis into the oesophagus. Trachea rises up and is closed by the epiglottis. Thus, the food does not enter to trachea.

Question 8.
How does ammonia is converted into urea in liver?
Answer:
Synthesis of urea takes place in the liver. Amino acids are formed by the breakdown of proteins. As a result of the metabolic activities of amino acids, several nitrogenous by-products are formed. The most harmful among these is ammonia. The ammonia formed in tissues diffuses into blood through tissue fluids and blood transports it to the liver. In the liver with the help of certain enzymes, ammonia combines with carbon dioxide and water to form urea.

Question 9.
Mention the main excretory organs and the excretory products respectively of the following organisms.
a) Insects
b) Reptiles
c) Earthworms
d) Birds
Answer:
a) Insects – Malplghian tubules – Uric acid
b) Reptiles – Kidney – Uric acid
c) Earthworms – Nephridia – Urea
d) Birds – Kidney – Uric acid

Question 10.
What is the role of chemical digestion?
Answer:
Chemical digestion breaks down complex nutrients (like proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) into simpler absorbable forms (like amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids). This is achieved by enzymes present in digestive juices secreted by various organs along the digestive tract.

III. Answer any 4 from questions 11 to 15. Each carries 3 scores (4 × 3 = 12)

Question 11.
Kidney stone, nephritis, uremia etc. are some diseases affecting the kidneys. Prepare a table including the causes and symptoms of these diseases.
Answer:

Diseases	Causes	Symptoms
Kidney stone	Not drinking enough water	Severe pain in your back or side, Blood in urine, A burning feeling when urinating.
Nephritis	Diabetes, genetic disorder link that affects the kidneys.	Decreased urine output, High blood pressure, urine appears dark, tea- coloured, or cloudy
Uraemia	Diabetes, High blood pressure	Nausea, Vomiting, Loss of appetite

Question 12.
a) Define metabolism
b) What role do enzymes play in metabolism?
c) Why is homeostasis important for metabolism?
Answer:
a) Inside the cell, biomolecules and many other chemicals work together to show all signs of life. All such chemical reactions together taking place in an organism are called metabolism.

b) Enzymes act as biological catalysts, speeding up the countless chemical reactions that occur constantly within an organism.

c) Maintaining homeostasis, a stable internal environment, is crucial for the smooth functioning of metabolism.

Question 13.
Nutrients are essential for metabolism.
a) How do animals get nutrients?
b) How do plants get nutrients?
c) Which is known as the energy currency of the cell?
Answer:
a) Animals get their nutrients from their surroundings, and they depend on other organisms for their food. They are heterotrophic organisms.

b) Plants follow an autotrophic mode of nutrition. They can prepare their own food by photosynthesis.

c) ATP

Question 14.
Cellular respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose inside the cells.
a) What are the two stages of cellular respiration?
b) Name the cell organelle in which the second phase of cellular respiration takes place.
c) What are the end products of cellular respiration?
Answer:
a) Glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle.
b) Mitochondrion.
c) CO₂ and water

Question 15.
Find out the functions of different proteins in plasma.
Answer:
Albumin – Regulates blood pressure
Globulin – Helps in defence
Fibrinogen – Plays a major role in the coagulation of blood.

IV. Answer any 4 from questions 16 to 20. Each carries 4 scores (4 × 4 = 16)

Question 16.
Briefly explain the parts of the Human respiratory system and prepare a flowchart to illustrate the path of atmospheric air, entering the nostrils till it reaches the alveoli.
Answer:

The human respiratory system consists of a group of organs and tissues that help us to breathe. The major parts include:
A pair of external nostrils: To inhale and exhale air.

Nasal chamber: This is lined with hair and mucus to filter the air from dust and dirt.

Pharynx: It is a passage behind the nasal chamber and serves as the common passage for both air and food.

Larynx: It is the sound box

Trachea: A long tube passing through the mid-thoracic cavity also known as a windpipe. The walls of the trachea comprise C-shaped cartilaginous rings which give hardness to the trachea and maintain it by completely expanding. The trachea extends further down into the breastbone and splits into two bronchi, one for each lung

Bronchi: The trachea divides into left and right bronchi.

Bronchioles: Each bronchus is further divided into finer channels known as bronchioles.

Alveoli: The bronchioles terminate in balloon-like or sac-like structures known as the alveoli,Through which gaseous exchange takes place.

Lungs: Humans have a pair of lungs, which are sac-like structures and covered by a double-layered membrane known as pleura.

Question 17.
Though photosynthesis is ultimately anabolism, it also involves catabolism’. Analyze the statement.
Answer:
Photosynthesis is an anabolic process during which plants use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas and water into sugar molecules. But during this anabolic process, some breaking down reactions have also happened. An example of a catabolic reaction during photosynthesis is the process of food digestion, where different enzymes break down food particles, so that they can be absorbed easily by the small intestine.

Question 18.
Chloroplasts are the cell organelles that are responsible for the photosynthetic process, in plants.
a) Which are the 3 types of plastids present in plant cells?
b) What is the role of carotenoid pigments?
c) Which is known as the colourless plastids?
d) Define thylakoids.
Answer:
a) Chloroplast, Chromoplast, and leucoplast

b) Carotenoid pigments are responsible for different colours like yellow, orange, and red colour imparted to fruits, flowers, old leaves, roots, etc.

c) Leucoplasts

d) Thylakoids are the numerous membranous sacs arranged like stacks of coins within the stroma of chloroplast.

Question 19.
Analyse the figure and answer the questions.

a) Write the names of the circulations X and Y.
b) Write the names of the blood vessels i, ii, iii, iv, v.
c) What is the role of these circulations in the exchange and transport of gases?
d) Explain the role of these circulations in the process of excretion.
Answer:
a) X-Alveolar exchange of gases (Pulmonary circulation), Y – Systemic exchange of gases (Systemic circulation).

b) (i) Inferior vena cava,
(ii) Superior vena cava,
(iii) Pulmonary artery,
(iv) Pulmonary vein,
(v) Aorta

c) Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart. Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

d) The pulmonary veins by pulmonary circulation return oxygenated blood to the heart, which releases CO from the deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gaseous exchange. The release of CO₂ is a kind of excretion. In systemic circulation, blood with oxygen, nutrients, and hormones travels from the heart to the rest of the body. In the veins, the blood picks up waste products as the body uses up oxygen, nutrients, and hormones.

Question 20.
Complete the given flow chart using the hints.

Answer:

Students can read Kerala SSLC Social Science Board Model Paper March 2023 with Answers English Medium and Kerala SSLC Social Science Previous Year Question Papers with Answers helps you to score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Board Model Paper March 2023 English Medium

Time: 2½ Hours
Total Score: 80 Marks

PART – A

Question 1.
The physiographic division known as ‘the store house of minerals’: (1)
(a) Coastal plains
(b) Northern Great plains
(c) Northern mountain region
(d) Penisular plateau
Answer:
(d) Penisular plateau

Question 2.
Which is the last popular struggle organized by Gandhiji in India? (1)
(a) Non-cooperation Movement
(b) Civil Disobedience Movement
(c) Quit India Movement
(d) Khilafat Movement
Answer:
(c) Quit India Movement

Question 3.
Which among the following activities reflect civic consciousness? (1)
(a) Environmental pollution
(b) Conservation of nature
(c) Corruption
(d) Disobeying the traffic rules
Answer:
(b) Conservation of nature

Question 4.
The leading rubber producing state in lndia? (1)
(a) West Bengal
(b) Assam
(b) Tamil Nadu
(d) Kerala
Answer:
(d) Kerala

Question 5.
Which among the following is the tax imposed by local self government? (1)
(a) Proffesional Tax
(b) Land Tax
(c) Stamp duty
(d) Corporate Tax
Answer:
(a) Proffesional Tax

Question 6.
Link column ‘A’ with appropriate items from column ‘B’.

A	B
Visva Bharati university	M.A.Ansari
Jamia Millia Islamia	Mahatma Gandhi
Kerala Kalamandalam	Rabindranath Tagore
Wardha Education plan	Vallathol Narayana Menon

Answer:

A	B
Visva Bharati university	Rabindranath Tagore
Jamia Millia Islamia	M.A.Ansari
Kerala Kalamandalam	Vallathol Narayana Menon
Wardha Education plan	Mahatma Gandhi

Question 7.
What are the geographical factors required for rice cultivation? (3)
Answer:
Crop season – Rice is a Kharif crop
Alluvial soil is most suitable for rice cultivation.
Rice requires a temperature above 24° C
Rainfall – More than 150 cm. cultivation is possible in regions with less rainfall if irrigation is possible.
Rice is mostly cultivated in river basins and coastal plains.

Question 8.
Media plays an important role in the formulation of civic consciousness. Substantiate the statement. (3)
Answer:
Media plays an important role in the formulation of civic consciousness. Print and electronic media influences the society tremendously. News and^ information reach the masses through the media. Judicious and objective information lead to the formulation of creative ideas. Media should be independent and impartial. The information from the media should be evaluated critically.

Question 9.
Write a short note on observation, a method of study in sociology. (3)
Answer:
Observation is a method by which whatever is seen, heard and experienced is recorded truthfully. It is more relevant where methods like interview are not practically feasible. Such data collected directly helps in accurate assessment. Two types of observations are i. Participant observation, ii. Non participant observation.

Question 10.
Mention the characteristics of winter season in India. (3)
Answer:
India experiences winter when the sun is in the southern hemisphere. Most places in India experience intense fog and snowfall occurs in the valleys of the Himalayas during this season. During the months of December, January, and February India experiences cold weather.

During the cold weather season days are generally warm and nights are severely cold in North India. Western disturbances is a feature of this period.

Question 11.
What do you mean by Budget? Distinguish between surplus budget and deficit budget. (3)
Answer:
Budget is the financial statement showing the expected income and expenditure of the government during a financial year.

Surplus budget.: – When income is more than expenditure, it is called surplus budget.
Deficit budget: – When expenditure is more than income, it is called deficit budget.

Question 12.
Elucidate the roll of Subhash Chandra Bose in the national movement of India. (4)
Answer:
Subhash Chandra Bose expressed his difference of opinion on Gandhian ideas of struggle. Quitting the Congress, he formed a political party called Forward Block. -He took the charge of the Indian National Army (INA) formed by Rash Bihari Bose to attain freedom for India. He formed a provisional government for free India in Singaoore, with the aim of forcing the British to quit India. The Indian National Army had a women wing called the Jhansi Regiment with Captain Lakshmi, a Keralite, in-charge. With the support of the Japanese army the Indian National Army marched to the east west border of India and hoisted Indian flag in Imphal.

Question 13.
Mention the compensations for consumer disputes obtained through consumer courts. (4)
Answer:

• Replacing the product
• Repayment of cash paid or excess amount appropriated
• Monetary compensation for the loss
• Direction to rectify the defects in services.
• Stopping harmful trade practices
• Prohibition of the sale of harmful food items
• Reimbursement of the expenses incurred in lodging the complaint.

Question 14.
Explain the resistance of Keralavarma Pazhassi Raja against the british in Malabar. (4)
Answer:
Keralavarma Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam royal family led the resistance against the British in Malabar. The British promised Pazhassi the right to collect tax from Kottayam region as a reward for helping them in the wars against Mysore. The British refused to keep their promise after the triumph in the battle. Moreover, the British claimed their dominance over Wayanad. Pazhassi Raja organised the people and fought against the British. He unleashed guerilla war against the British with the help of Chempan Pokker, Kaitheri Ambu Nair, Edachena Kunkan Nair and Thalakkal Chandu, the leader of the Kurichias. In the fight against the British he was assulted his life on 30 November 1805.

Question 15.
Mark and label the given geo information in the outline map of India provided. (4)
(A) River Godavari
(B) Malwa Plateau
(C) Eastern Ghats
(D) Kochi Port
Answer:

PART – B

Question 16.
List out any three features of the permanent land revenue settlement (3)
OR
Write a note on the integration of the princely states of India.
Answer:
British Governor General Lord Cornwallis imlemented the permanent land revenue settlement, the tax was collected by zamindars who were considered as the owners of the land he had the jurisdiction to collect tax. In this system, actual farmers became tenants. Farmers were to pay up to 60% of the yield as tax. Tax was to be paid even at the time of poor yield. The tax was to be paid in cash strictly before the cut-off date replacing the traditional system of paying in kind.
OR
After independence the task of the integration was entrusted to Sardar Vallabhbh&i Patel who was the home minister and he appointed V.P.Menon, a Keralite, as Secretary of the Department of States. Patel and V. P. Menon prepared an Instrument of Accession, which stipulated that the princely states had to transfer their control over defence external affairs, and information and communication to the Government of India. Following the diplomacy of the government and popular protests, majority of the princely states signed the Instrument of Accession and joined Indian Union. -But some states such as Hyderabad, Kashmir and Junagarh resented. Finally, they were also integrated into the Indian Union through conciliation talks and military interventions.

Question 17.
What are local winds? Give examples for local winds in India. (3)
OR
Write a note on spring season. (3)
Answer:
Local winds – Local winds are winds whose effects are limited to a relatively smaller area. Formed as a result of the local pressure differences, these winds are weak. Such winds exist in different parts of the world in different names. Local winds in India are Loo, -Mangoshowers, -Kalbaisakhi
OR
Spring season -The Northern Hemisphere generally experiences spring season between 21 March and 21 June. Spring is the season of transition from winter to Summer. During spring the plants sprouts, Mango trees blooms. Jack fruit trees bearing buds.

Question 18.
Mention any three causes that led to the first war of Indian Independence, 1857.
OR
What are the recommendations of the Kothari Commission of 1964?
Answer:
Causes that led to the first war of Indian Independence, 1857: Miseries of farmers. Poverty of the craftsmen. Dissatisfaction of kings. Miseries of the sepoys.
OR
Recommendations of Kothari Commission (1964)
Implement 10 + 2 + 3 pattern of education.
Start Vocational education at secondary level.
Focus on value education.

Question 19.
Compare the obligatory functions and the discretionary functions of state. (4)
OR
Elucidate the importance of the Right to Information Act.
Answer:
Obligatory functions: – Functions that are to be always implemented By the state at any cost are said to be obligatory functions. State cannot abstain from its obligatory functions. The life and property of the people cannot be protected if the obligatory functions are not performed. Protection of boundary, maintain internal peace, Protection of rights, Implementation of justice are the main obligatory functions of the state.

Discretionary functions: – These are functions that are to be implemented as per the economic condition of the state. Implementation of functions like education, health care etc. will provide better living conditions for the people.
OR
We can collect information from any government office about its working. People got this opportunity under the Right to Information Act 2005. The efforts of Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Samghathan of Rajasthan led to the legislation of Right to Information Act. This ensures the right of all citizens of India to receive information. The main objectives of this Act are to prevent corruption, create responsibility and make the functioning of the government transparent. The citizens will get copies of public documents if they apply for them.

Question 20.
What are the major goals of microfinance? (4)
OR
Explain how healthy persons can participate in the progress of a country.
Answer:
Helps in collective development by mobilising money from individuals. Helps to increase the standard of living of the poor. Encourages saving habit. Makes use of the individual potential for group development. Provides loans to members in need. Starts small scale enterprises.
OR

• Production increases with the increase in efficiency and the number of working days.
• Natural resources can be utilized properly.
• Medical expense can be reduced, thereby reducing the government’s expenditure.
• Economic development is possible through increase in production.

Question 21.
Population is an indispensable factor in the formation of a state. Substantiate the statement. (4)
OR
Explain any two categories of Indian civil service
Answer:
Population is an indispensable factor in the formation of a state. For the existence of a state, the people should live unitedly, with mutual understanding, inter dependence and common public interest. There is no state without people. However, the minimum and the maximum number of people for a country are not fixed. Population which is too much or too less is not good for a state. These two aspects will adversely affect the development of a state.
OR
The Indian Civil Service is made up of all the officers of the Central Government and the State Government and various Public Sector Enterprises. The Indian Civil Service is divided into three categories:

• All India Services -Recruits at national level. Appoints in central or state service Eg: Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service
• Central Services -Recruits at national level. Appoints in central government departments only Eg: Indian Foreign Service, Indian Railway Service
• State Services -Recruits at state level. Appoints in state government departments only Eg : Sales tax officer.

Question 22.
Distinguish between aerial remote sensing and satellite remote sensing (4)
Answer the following questions by analsing the given model reference grids.

(i) Identify the cultural features shown in the given grids.
(ii) Locate the settlements and fort using 4-Figure grid reference method.
Answer:
Aerial Remote Sensing:-Aerial remote sensing is a continuous process of taking pictures from the sky with the help of a camera mounted on balloons or aeroplanes. Aerial remote sensing is generally used to gather information about comparatively smaller areas.

The process of collecting information using sensors fixed on artificial satellites is called satellite remote sensing. The artificial satellites are mainly divided into two types. Geostationary satellites -Sun synchronous satellites.
OR

1. Cultural factors – fort, well, temple, settlements, grave
2. Settlement – 8534 Fort – 8134

Question 23.
What are the main services provided by non banking financial companies?
OR
Explain how birth rate, death rate and migration affect the population of a country.
Answer:
Provide hire purchases.
Provide loan for construction of house. Provide gold loan.
Provide loan based on fixed deposits.
Running chitty. Kerala State Financial Enterprises (KSFE) is the major non-banking financial company operating in Kerala.
OR
Birth rate increases death rate decreases. Population increases – Birth rate decreases death rate increases. Population declines. Birth rate and death rate are equal. No change in population. Migration – Population increases in one region but decreases in another region.

Question 24.
Explain the following related to the apparent movement of the sun.
(i) Utharayanam
(ii) Dakshinayanam
OR
Explain how equatorial low pressure belt and subtropical high pressure belts are formed. Identify the planetary wind that blows between these pressure belts.
Answer:
UtharayanamNorthward apparent movement of the Sun from Tropic of Capricorn to Tropic of Cancer is termed as ‘Utharayanam’. The period is 22 December to June 21. The duration of day in the northern hemisphere gradually increases during this period.

Dakshinayanam: -Southward apparent movement of the Sun from Tropic of Cancer to Tropic of Capricorn is termed as ‘Dkshiayanam’. The period is 21 June to 22 December. The duration of day in the Southern hemisphere gradually increases during this period.
OR
Formation of Equatorial low pressure belt. The area where the sun rays are perpendicular throughout the year. The air expands due to sun’s heat and rises on a massive scale in this area. This is the reason for the low pressure experienced throughout this zone. Formation of Sub tropical high-pressure belt-(30 °N & 30 °S). This pressure belt: is located at 30 ° latitude in both hemispheres. The warm air rising from the equatorial low-pressure belt (0°) gradually cools and drops to 30° latitudes under the influence of the Earth’s rotation.Planetary wind blows between Equatorial low-pressure belt and Sub tropical high-pressure belt is. Trade Winds

Question 25.
Analyse the Russian Revolution on the basis of following hints.
Hints.
♦ February Revolution
♦ October Revolution
OR
Explain the causes and results of the second world war.
Answer:
February Revolution.

Workers’ organizations called “the Soviets” were formed all over Russia to conduct strikes. When the strikes gained massive strength, the emperor was compelled to form a legislative assembly called Duma. Ignoring the protest from Duma, Nicholas II, the then Tsar decided to participate in the First World War. A lot of Russian soldiers were killed in this war.

Food shortage became severe by 1917. Thousands of women marched along the streets of Petrograd on 8 March 1917 clamouring for bread.

The workers organized protest march in Petrograd.

Though the soldiers dashed with the demonstrators in the beginning, later they joined the workers. It was the tragic experience during the First World War that induced them to do so. The workers captured Petrograd and Nicholas II was thrown out of power. A provisional government was formed under Alexander Kerensky, the Menshevik leader. This revolution that took place in March came to be known as the February Revolution.

October Revolution:- A group of soviets did not approve of the provisional government. -Vladimir Lenin, who had been in Switzerland, came to Russia and strongly opposed the provisional government. Lenin argued that the entire power should be transferred to the Soviets if they were to realize the aims of the revolution. The Bolsheviks and the Soviets supported him. -They propagated that only proletarians’ (workers) government could eradicate centuries old economic backwardness and inequality. In October 1917, the Bolsheviks organized an armed Rebellion against the provisional government. Kerensky fled from the country and Russia came under the control of the Bolsheviks. This event, through which the Bolsheviks attained power, is known as the October Revolution (as per Russian Calendar).
OR
Causes

• Versailles Treaty
• Failure of the League of Nations.
• Military alliances
• Policy of Appeasement
• Immediate cause: German attack on Poland, 1^st September 1939.

Result

• Over 10 million people died
• Economic system of European countries was destroyed
• European dominance in world diminished
• Freedom movements in Asia and Africa intensified
• America and Soviet Union emerged as global ‘ powers
• In a bid to preserve and maintain world peace, the United Nations Organization (UNO) was formed.

Students can read Kerala SSLC Social Science Board Model Paper March 2024 with Answers English Medium and Kerala SSLC Social Science Previous Year Question Papers with Answers helps you to score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Board Model Paper March 2024 English Medium

Time: 2½ Hours
Total Score: 80 Marks

PART – A

Question 1.
Identify the largest oil field in India (1)
(A) Digboi
(B) Jharia
(C) Neyveli
(D) Mumbai High
Answer:
(D) Mumbai High

Question 2.
Who was the President of the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress held in 1929? (1)
(A) Subhash Chandra Bose
(B) Mahatma Gandhi
(C) Jawaharlal Nehru
(D) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
Answer:
(C) Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 3.
Identify the institution constituted at national level to prevent corruption. (1)
(A) Lokayuktha
(B) State Vigilance Commission
(C) Lokpal
(D) State Information Commission
Answer:
(C) Lokpal

Question 4.
The number of people per square kilometer area: (1)
(A) Birthrate
(B) Density of population
(C) Population structure
(D) Sex ratio
Answer:
(B) Density of population

Question 5.
Which among the following is a peculiarity of Winter season in India? (1)
(A) Hot wind called Loo
(B) Kalbaisakhi
(C) Western disturbance
(D) Mangoshower
Answer:
(C) Western disturbance

Question 6.
Elucidate the importance of the study of Sociology (3)
Answer:
The importance of sociology is:

• Helps to formulate the right perspective of society.
• Helps to get an objective knowledge of one’s society and other societies.
• Helps to know the relation between the individual and the social institutions. Studies social problems precisely.
• Helps to find solutions for social problems.
• Benefits social planning and development.

Question 7.
Write any three features of bureaucracy (3)
Answer:

• Hierarchical organisation
• Permanence
• Appointment on the basis of Qualification
• PoliticalNeutrality
• Professionalism

Question 8.
Prepare a short note on Eastern highlands. (3)
Answer:
The region which is at an altitude of 500 to 3000 metres

• It is also known as Purvachal.
• Cherrapunji, the place receiving the highest rainfall in the world is situated here.
• This region is covered by dense tropical rainforests.

Question 9.
Explain the major cropping seasons in India (3)
Answer:
The major cropping seasons of India are three. They are Kharif, Rabi and Zaid.

Cropping seasons	Sowing period	Harvesting period	Major crops
Kharif	June (Onset of monsoon)	Early November (End of monsoon)	Rice, maize, millets, cotton, jute, sugarcane, groundnut
Rabi	November (Beginning of winter)	March (Beginning of summer)	Wheat, tobacco, mustard, pulses
Zaid	March (Beginning of summer)	June (Beginning of monsoon)	Fruits, vegetables

Question 10.
List any three different levels of Human resource Development (3)
Answer:
Three levels ofhuman resource development are:

• Family creates an environment for the development of the potential of individuals.
• Various institutions and agencies provide facilities for education and training.
• The nation provides the necessary facilities for its people to develop their skills.
• Individuals maka efforts to develop their skills.

Question 11.
Explain the circumstances that led to the linguistic re-organisation of States in India. (4)
Answer:
After the integration of the princely states many princely states with people speaking different languages arises.

• So there were demands from different parts of India for the formation of states on the basis of language.
• The Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress resolved to form its state committees on the basis of language.
• After independence, people agitated for the formation of states along linguistic lines.
• Potti Sriramalu, a freedom fighter, started satyagraha for the formation of Andhra Pradesh for Telugu-speaking people.
• After 58 days of fasting, his martyedom
• It intensified the mass agitation.
• Following this, in 1953, the Government of India formed the state of Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speaking people.

Question 12.
Mention the aspects a consumer expects while purchasing products and using services (4)
Answer:

• Quality
• Reliability
• After-sales service
• The correct size and weight
• The fair value
• Decent behaviour of the giver.

Question 13.
Write short notes on: (4)
(i) Champaran Satyagraha
(ii) Kheda Satyagraha
Answer:
Champaran Satyagraha
All three struggles were regional and based on economic issues. In Champaran, Gandhiji resorted
to disobedience of the British rules and Satyagraha and his involvement compelled the authorities to pass laws in favour of the indigo farmers. After his struggle in Champaran, Gandhiji worked for the progress of the Champaran region by establishing primary schools, initiating medical aids and involving in cleaning activities.

Kheda Satyagraha
Due to drought and crop failure, farmers in Kheda were living in utter misery. The rulers decided to collect taxes from these poor villagers. Then Gandhiji started Satyagraha in (1918) and protested against the decision. He advised people not to pay tax. Consequently, the authorities were forced to reduce tax rates. His early struggles based on Satyagraha and Ahimsa made Gandhiji a popular leader.

Question 14.
Arrange the items in column B appropriate to column A. (4)

A	B
Onnekal Kodi Malayalikal	Barrister G.P. Pillai
Nivarthana Prakshobham	Dr. Palpu
Malayali memorial	E.M.S. Nambudiripad
Ezhava Memorial	C. Kesavan

Answer:

A	B
Onnekal Kodi Malayalikal	E.M.S Nambudiripad
Nivarthana Prakshobham	C. Keshavan
Malayali memorial	Barrister G.P. Pillai
Ezhava Memorial	Dr. Palpu

Question 15.
Mark and label the given geo-information in the outline map of India provided. (4)
(A) River Godavari
(B) Western ghats
(C) Chennai port
(D) Kachchh penisula
Answer:
im1

Part – B

Question 16.
Explain the role of Raja Rammohan Roy in the field of Social reform in India (3)
OR
What were the reasons for the decline of Indian textile Industry during the British rule?
Answer:
Raja Rammohun Roy was the pioneer among the social reformers who strived for the modernisation of Indian society. He opposed the caste system and ‘Sati’, social evils that prevailed in the Indian society and established the Brahma Samaj in Bengal. He propagated the idea of a unified Indian society in the place of a society fragmented over caste lines. This idea prompted patriotism among the people. Thus, the concept of a unified nation became one of the objectives of social reform. To improve the status of women, he advocated for the right of women to own property. Taking a cue from his ideologies, many leaders from various parts of India ventured to reform society

Raja Ram mohan Roy:

• Pioneer among the reformers.
• Opposed social evils, caste system and ‘Sati’
• Established Brahma samaj in Bengal – Propagated the idea of a unified Indian society
• Advocated for the right of women to own property

OR

• Large scale import of machine-made British textiles
• Cheap rate of machine-made British textiles
• The expansion of railway
• Britain increased to export tax for Indian textiles.
• Weavers gave up their work massively due to the exploitation and torture ofthe British officers. So they searched for other jobs.

Question 17.
Mention the characteristic features of Spring season (3)
OR
What are Cyclones? Compare the cyclones of Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere.
Answer:
Spring Season

• The season of Transition from winter to summer
• Sprouting, blooming, and bearing are the main peculiarities
• March & April are months in the Northern Hemisphere.

Question 18.
How did the dissatisfaction of kings and sepoys lead to the revolt of 1857? (3)
OR.
Mention the social evils abolished by the British through legislation in India.
Answer:
Dissatisfaction of kings.

• Addition to the Doctrine of Lapse, the princely states were convicted of inefficient rule and were annexed by the British.
• This made the kings to lead the rebellion. Miseries of Sepoys:
• Poor salary
• Abuse by the British officers
• The rumour that the cartridge in newly supplied Enfield rifles were greased with
• The fats of cows and pigs provoked them.
• It wounded the religious sentiments of Hindu and Muslims soldiers

OR

• Prevented marriage of girls below 12 Years of age
• Banned female infanticide
• Abolished Sati and slavery
• Permitted widow remarriage
• Prevented Child marriage and polygamy

Question 19.
Prepare a note on modem trends in banking sector (4)
OR
List out the reasons for an increase in India’s public debt.
Answer:
Modern Trends in the banking sector:
Electronic banking (E-Banking)

• Electronic banking is a method by which all transactions can be carried out through net banking and telebanking.
• Anytime banking, anywhere banking, net banking, mobile phone banking, etc., are part of electronic banking.
• For this, the assistance of the bank employees is not required.
• A Bank account and net banking facility alone are required for this.

Core Banking

• Core banking is a facility that is arranged in such a way that the branches of all banks are brought under a central server
• so that banking services from one bank, to another are made possible.
• As a result, ATMs, debit cards, credit cards, net banking, telebanking mobile banking, etc, have been brought together.
• Naturally, transactions have become simple.

OR
Reasons for increasing public expenditure:

• Increased defence expenditure
• Increase in population
• Social welfare activities
• Developmental activities

Question 20.
What are the factors that formulate Civic-consciousness? (4)
OR
Mention the discretionary functions of the State.
Answer:
The major factors that determine civic consciousness are Family, education, associations, media and the democratic system

Family: The role of the family is crucial in promoting and maintaining responsibility among its members. Inspiration and encouragement from the family will develop civic consciousness.

The family environment should foster the idea that each person is part of the family and the family is part of society.

Education: Education will help to develop value consciousness, tolerance, leadership qualities, scientific temper, etc. Education enables science and technology to be utilised in a useful manner for society. A value-oriented educational approach can foster effcivie consciousness among the people.

Associations: There are several political, social, economic and cultural associations in our society. Several voluntary associations are working in the fields of environmental protection, human rights protection, charity, etc. These associations can create awareness among individuals about the environment and human rights.

Media: Media plays an important role in the formulation of civic consciousness. Society is significantly impacted by print and electronic media, which distribute news and information to the masses.

Democratic system: Democracy is a necessary component of civic consciousness. It is a way of life more than a form of government. All our activities should have a democratic approach. Democracy encourages individuals to think about their fellow humans and work towards safeguarding their freedom, equality, and rights.
OR

• Protection of health
• Provide educational Facilities
• Implement welfare Programmes
• Provide transportation facilities put forward

Discretionary functions are those which have to be implemented as per the economic condition of the state. Implementation of functions like education, health care, etc., will provide better living conditions for the people.

Question 21.
What is Satellite remote sensing? How are Satellite imageries prepared? (4)
OR
Answer the following questions by analysing the given reference grids.
im
(i) Locate the tube well using 6 figure grid reference method
(ii) Identify the feature represented by grid reference 314874.
(iii) Locate the settlements using 4 figure grid reference method
(iv) Identify the feature represented by grid reference 3186
Answer:
The process of gathering information using the sensors installed in artificial satellites is known as satellite remote sensing.

Satellite remote sensing is the process of getting information from artificial satellites that have devices on them.

There are two main types of artificial satellites:
Geostationary satellites and Sun-synchronous satellites.

Geostationary Satellites – These are the satellites that move in equal velocity with the earth’s rotation.

Sun-synchronous satellites – The artificial satellites that pass around the earth along the poles.

Features – * They orbit the earth at an elevation of about 36000 kilometres above the earth. * One-third of the earth comes under its field of view. * As the movement of these satellites corresponds to the speed of rotation of the Earth, they stay constantly above a specific place on the Earth. * This helps in the continuous data collection of an area. * It is used in telecommunication and for weather studies. * India’s INS AT satellites are examples of geostationary satellites.

Features- * The orbit of these satellites is about 900 km in altitude. * The surveillance area is less than that of the geostationary satellites. * The repetitive collection of information about a region at regular intervals is possible. * Used for the collection of data on natural resources, land use, groundwater, etc. * These satellites are mainly used for remote sensing purposes. * Satellites in the IRS and Landsat series are examples of sun-synchronous satellites.

Satellite Imageries – Artificial satellites have sensors that can tell the difference between things
on the ground by their spectral signature and send that information to terrestrial stations in digital form. With computers’ help, this is read and turned into picture forms. These are known as satellite imagery.
OR
i) 328873
ii) Spring
iii) 3286
iv) Grave

Question 22.
What are the methods for overcoming the challenges faced by Civic consciousness? (4)
OR
What are the theories related to the origin of State?
Answer:
The methods to overcome the challenges of civic consciousness are:

• Each one should evaluate his activities critically.
• Should work for one’s interest without going against the public interest.
• Be the change that you expect from others.
• Equal weight should be given to both rights and duties.
• Individuals should act democratically

OR

1. Divine Right Theory	The state is the creation of God. King is the representative of God. King is answerable only to God.
2. Evolutionary Theory	The state was an evolution of the family. It was formed by social evolution.
3. Social Contract Theory	The Origin of the state was in a social contract.
4. Force Theory	Authority of a group. The state came into existence as a result of the establishment of power by the Strong over the weak.

Question 23.
Explain the main aims of Co-operative Banks (4)
OR
Distinguish between Surcharge and Cess.
Answer:
Major aims of co-operative banks:

• Provide loans to the public.
• Protect the villagers from private moneylenders
• Provide loans at low interest rates
• Encourage the saving habits of the people.

OR
Surcharge

• Surcharge is an additional tax on the tax amount.
• This is imposed for a certain period.
• Usually, the surcharge is imposed as a given percentage of income tax.

Cess

• Cess is an additional tax for meeting some special purpose of government.
• Cess is withdrawn once sufficient revenue is collected.
• Education cess on income tax is an example.

Question 24.
Distinguish between Local time and Standard time. Explain the importance of Standard time (5)
OR
Explain the formation of Equatorial low pressure belt and Sub tropical high pressure belts. Also mention the permanent wind between these belts.
Answer:
Local time
The time estimated at each place, based on the position of the Sun, is termed as the local time.

Standard time

• The local time would be different at each longitude.
• The longitude that,passes through the middle of a country is the standard Meridian.
• The local time at this standard Meridian is the standard time of that country.

Importance Of standard time

• If we start calculating the local time at different places based on the longitude there, it would create a lot of confusion.
• To solve this, the local time at the longitude that passes through the middle of a country is selected as the common time for the whole country.

Question 25.
Explain the circumstances that led to the formation of People’s Republic of China. (6)
Hints :
• Republic of Dr. Sun Yat Sen
• Role of Mao Zedong
OR
The conflicts among the imperialist powers led to the outbreak of the First World War. Explain the causes of the First World War, based on the given hints:
Hints:
• Military alliances
• Aggressive Nationalism
• Imperialist crises
Answer:
Republic of Sun Yat Sen:

• In 1911 under Dr. Sun Yat Sen revolt against Manchu dynasty.
• Manchu monarchy came to an end.
• Dr. Sun Yat-Sen formed Kuomintang Party in China.
• He gave importance to ideologies like Nationalism, Democracy, and Socialism.
• Kuomintang party established a republican government in Southern China under the leadership of Sun Yat-Sen.
• He nullified the unjust treaties signed with the foreign countries and wanted to maintain equality with western countries.
• The Kuomintang republic adopted measures for the progress of agriculture and industry.
• China received assistance from Russia.
• The Chinese Communist Party was formed and co operated with the government of Sun Yat Sen.

Role of Mao Zedong:

• In 1934, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, a journey started from Kiangsi in South China.
• The adventurous trip ended at Yanan in North Western China.
• Throughout the journey they seized out agricultural land and villages from lords and distributed them among the farmers.
• Journey covered around 12000 kms. So it is known as the ‘Long March’.
• Hence Mao Zedong and the Communist Party became the symbol of struggle of the Chinese against foreign power.
• Chiang Kai-Shek had to seek political asylum in Taiwan, when the Red Army of Mao Zedong captured the centre of Kuomintang rule.
• China became the People’s Republic of China on 1 October 1949 under Mao Zedong.

OR
Formation of Military Alliances:

• The European nations vied with each other in establishing colonies.
• This competition led to conflicts among them and caused mutual distrust and enmity.
• This led to formation of Military Alliances.

Triple Alliance	Triple Entente
Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy	England, France, Russia

Aggressive Nationalism:

• Aggressive nationalists considered their own nations as the supreme and justified whatever be the actions of their nations.
• Various movements in Europe were an offshoot of aggressive nationalism. Pan-Slav Movement, Pan-German Movement, Revenge Movement.

Imperialist Crisis:
Morocan Crises

• Under a secret treaty between Britain and France in 1904, Britain recognized
• French rule in Morocco.
• Germany did not accept this treaty.
• Germany sent warship to Morocco.
• The problem was solved by handing-over parts of French – Congo to Germany.

Balkan Crisis

• The Balkan territory, which was part of the Ottoman Empire, was annexed by the Balkan Alliance during the 1912 war.
• Disagreements between nations in the Balkan Alliance over sharing the benefits of war led to wars between nations.

Students can read Kerala SSLC Social Science Question Paper March 2021 with Answers English Medium and Kerala SSLC Social Science Previous Year Question Papers with Answers helps you to score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Question Paper March 2021 English Medium

Time: 2½ Hours
Total Score: 80 Marks

Questions (a) to (1) carry 1 score each.(12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
a) Name the author of the Novel The Mother
i) Pablo Neruda
ii) Leo Tolstoy
iii) Maxim Gorky
iv) Karl Marx
Answer:
iii) Maxim Gorky

b) The expected average years of life of a person lives is:
i) Life expectancy
ii) Infant Mortality rate
iii) Literacy rate
iv) Birth rate
Answer:
i) Life expectancy

c) Which of the following is an All India Service?
i) Indian Foreign Service
ii) Indian Police Service
iii) Indian Railway Service
iv) Sales Tax Officer
Answer:
ii) Indian Police Service

d) Name the major season experienced in the Northern Hemisphere during 22^nd December to 21^st March,
i) Summer
ii) Spring
iii) Autumn
iv) Winter
Answer:
iv) Winter

e) Who is the father of Sociology?
i) D.P. Mukjarjee
ii) Emile Durkheim
iii) Herbert Spencer
iv) Auguste Comte
Answer:
iv) Auguste Comte

f) Local time of which longitude is selected as the standard time of India:
i) Zero degree
ii) 82\(\frac{1}{2}\)°E
iii) 180°
iv) 15°E
Answer:
ii) 82\(\frac{1}{2}\)°E

g) The Champaran Satyagraha took place in the year:
i) 1918
ii) 1930
iii) 1919
iv) 1917
Answer:
iv) 1917

h) Who ensures the weights and measures standards?
i) Legal Metrology Department
ii) Food Safety Department
iii) Dentral Drugs Price Control Committee
iv) Drugs Control Department
Answer:
i) Legal Metrology Department

i) The place receiving the highest rainfall in the world:
i) Chirapunji
ii) Shimla
iii) Dehradun
iv) Darjeeling
Answer:
i) Chirapunji

j) Who gives verdict on consumer disputes where compensation claimed is above 20 lakhs but upto rupees one crore?
i) State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
ii) National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
iii) District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum
iv) Food Safety Department
Answer:
i) State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

k) Identify the method by which whatever is seen, heard and experienced is recorded truthfully.
i) Observation
ii) Case study
iii) Social survey
iv) Interview
Answer:
i) Observation

l) Which among the following is a Himalayan river originating from lake Manasarovar in Tibet?
i) Indus
ii) Ganga
iii) Mahanadi
iv) Godavari
Answer:
i) Indus

Questions from 2 to 25 carry 3 scores each.

Question 2.
Name the planetary winds. (3)
Answer:

• Trade winds (North-East T rade winds) (Northern Hemisphere)
• South East Trade Winds (Southern Hemisphere)
• Westerlues – North West Westerlies (Northern Hemisphere)
• South West westerlies – (Southern Hemisphere)
• Polar Easterlies (Both Hemisphere)

Question 3.
What are the features of bureaucracy? (3)
Answer:

• Hierarchical organisation
• Permanence
• Appointment on the basis of Qualification
• Political neutrality
• Professionalism

Question 4.
One of the advantages of developing human resource is that it increases productivity of workers. List down any other three advantages of developing human resources. (3)
Answer:

• Productivity of the workers increases
• Entrepreneurship improves
• Makes possible the development and use of advanced technology
• Social welfare is ensured
• Natural resource is utilized effectively
• Economic inequality is reduced

Question 5.
Identify the countries which belonged to the Axis powers of the Second World War. (3)
Answer:
Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, Japan

Question 6.
Elucidate the significances of Public Administration. (3)
Answer:

• Formulate governmental policies
• Ensure welfare of the people
• Find out solutions to public issues
• Provide goods and services

Question 7.
List any three projects implemented in India to develop education and skills. (3)
Answer:

• Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
• SamagraShikshaAbhiyan (SSA)
• Rashtriya Uchthal Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)
• National Skill Development and Monetary Reward Scheme

Question 8.
What are the causes for the decline of the Indian textile industry? (3)
Answer:

• Demand for Indian made clothes decreased with the import of cheap mill clothes from Britain
• Expansion of railways helped the British to carry the imported fabrics from port towns to interior villages and the cotton collected from villages to the ports for exporting to Britain
• Thus Indian weavers lost their business in village market too.
• Due to the higher tax levied, the price of Indian textiles exported to Britain increased. So it lost the British market too.

Question 9.
Write a short note on Central Services. (3)
Answer:

• Recruits at national level
• Appoints in central government departments only. Eg: Indian Foreign Service, Indian Railway Service

Question 10.
Explain how healthy persons can participate in the progress of a country. (3)
Answer:

• Production increases with the increase in efficiency and the number of working days.
• Natural resources can be utilised properly.
• Medical expense can be reduced, thereby reducing the government’s expenditure.
• Economic development is possible through increase in production

Question 11.
What do you mean by E-goverance? Mention any two examples. (3)
Answer:
E-governance is the use of electronic technology in administration. This helped to obtain government services easily in a speedy manner. The single window system for admission to Higher-Secondary courses, online applications for various scholarships, etc. are examples for E-governance.

Question 12.
Write a short note on topographic maps. (3)
Answer:
Topographic maps depict in minute detail all the natural and manmade features on the earth’s surface. These maps contain the important surface features such as the undulations of the terrain, rivers, other water bodies, forests, agricultural land, barren land, villages, towns, and transport and telecommunication systems.

Question 13.
Explain how education helps in the development of a country. (3)
Answer:

Question 14.
What are the limitations of aerial remote sensing? (3)
Answer:

• The shaking of aircrafts affects the quality of photos.
• The aircrafts require open space for takeoff and landing.
• Landing the air crafts frequently forrefueling increases the cost.
• It is not practical to take photographs of regions that are vast and extensive.

Question 15.
Write any three social evils legally abolished by the British in India. (3)
Answer:

• Prevented child marriage and polygamy
• Prevented marriage of girls below the age of 12 years Banned female infanticide
• Abolished Sato Permitted Widow remarriage
• Prohibited Slavery

Question 16.
Distinguish between All India Services and State Services. (3)
Answer:
All India Services

• Recruits at national level
• Appoints in central or state service
  Eg: Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service.

State Services

• Recruits at state level
• Appoints in state government departments only
  Eg : Sales tax officer

Question 17.
Write any three recommendations of the National Policy on Education 1986. (3)
Answer:

• Focusing on primary and continuing education.
• Launching Operation Blackboard Programme to universalise primary education and to improve infrastructure facilities in schools.
• Starting Navodaya Vidyalayas in every district
• Encouraging girls’ education

Question 18.
Mention any three collateral that the banks accept to provide loans. (3)
Answer:

• Physical assets – gold, property documents, etc.
• Fixed deposit certificates.
• Banks also provide loans by accepting salary certificates

Question 19.
Point out the role of associations in fostering civic consciousness. (3)
Answer:
There are several political, social, economic and cultural associations in our society. Such associations many a time equip the individuals to work voluntarily with a service mind.

Several voluntary associations are working in the fields of protection of environment, protection of human rights, charity, etc. These associations can create awareness among individuals about environment and human rights.

Question 20.
Write any three main principles of India’s foreign policy. (3)
Answer:

• Resistance to colonialism and imperialism
• Hostility to racism
• Trust in the United Nations Organization
• Peaceful co-existence
• Panchsheel principles
• Emphasis on the necessity of foreign assistance
• Policy of Non – alignment

Question 21.
What are the advantages of non-conventional energy souces? (3)
Answer:
Non- conventional energy resources are cheap, re-newable, arid environment – friendly.

Question 22.
What are the three types of budgets? (3)
Answer:
When income and expenditure are equal, it is called a balanced budget. When income is more than expenditure, it is called surplus budget. When expenditure is more than income, it is called deficit budget.

Question 23.
Write a short note on Pazhassi Revolts. (3)
Answer:
Keralavarma Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam royal family led the resistance against the British in Malabar. The British promised Pazhassi the right to collect tax from Kottayam region as a reward for helping them in the wars against Mysore. The British refused to keep their promise after the triumph in the battle. Moreover, the British claimed their dominance over Wayanad. Pazhassi Raja organised the people and fought against the British. He unleashed guerilla war against the British with the help of Chempan Pokker, Kaitheri Ambu Nair, Edachena Kunkan Nair andThalakkal fchandu, the leader of the Kurichias in Wayanad. In the fight against the British he was assulted his life on 30 November 1805.

Question 24.
Mention any three levels of human resource development. (3)
Answer:
Individuals take efforts to develop their own skills.

• Family creates an environment for the development of the potential of individuals.
• Various institutions and agencies provide facilities for education and training.
• Nation provides the necessary facilities for its people to develop their skills.

Question 25.
What is citizenship? Identify the two types of citizenship. (3)
Answer:
Citizenship is the full and equal membership in a nation.
Citizenship by birth is natural citizenship. When a person acquires citizenship on the basis of the legal procedure of a nation, it is acquired citizenship. One can acquire citizenship, if the criteria of citizenship are fulfilled.

Questions from 26 to 38 carry 4 scores each.

Question 26.
Preapre a note on International Date Line. (4)
Answer:
International Date Line
180 degree longitude is known as the international Date Line. There is a time difference of 24 hours on either side of this line. The travellers who cross this line from the West calculate the time by advancing it by one day and those who cross the line from the west deduct one day. To avoid confustion if the line passes through a country necessary adjustments are made so that this line passes through sea.

Question 27.
How did the American War of Independence influence the later history of the world? (4)
Answer:
Gave direction and motivation to the later freedom struggles and revolutions all over the world

• Put forward the concept of republican form of government
• Prepared the first written constitution.
• Contributed to the concept of federal system that ensured freedom and authority of states in the union.

Question 28.
What are the results of the Russian Revolution? (4)
Answer:
Russia withdrew from the first World War.

• Seized out the land and distributed among the peasants
• Gave importance to public sector
• Introduced centralized planning
• Achieved develops in the field of Science, Technology and Economy.
• New constitution came to force in 1924.
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republic was formed by consolidating different Soviet Republics.
• Spread the Socialist ideas all over the world.

Question 29.
What are the characteristic features of Himalayan rivers? (4)
Answer:
Himalayan rivers

• Originate from the Himalayan
• Extensive catchment area
• Intensive erosion
• Create gorges in the mountain region and meander in plains
• High irrigation potential
• Navigable along the plains

Question 30.
Write a short note on the soils of peninsular plateau. (4)
Answer:
A major portion of the deccan plateau, which is the southern part of the peninsular plateau, has been formed by the cooling of lava that spread over the region millions of years ago. Black soil is extensively found in this region made of igneous rocks, named basalt. As this soil is best suited for cotton cultivation, it is also called black cotton soil. Red soil also occurs in large quantities. This soil formed by the weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks is comparatively less fertile. The presence of iron gives red colour to this soil. Lateritesoil is formed in the regions with monsoon rains and intermittent hot seasons.

Question 31.
Match items in column ‘A’ with those in column’ B’. (4)

A	B
Payyannur	Bengal
Bombay	Tamil Nadu
Noakhali	Keralam
Vedaranyam	Maharashtra

Answer:

A	B
Payyannur	Keralam
Bombay	Maharashtra
Noakhali	Bengal
Vedaranyam	Tamil Nadu

Question 32.
Write a note on the early struggles that Mahatma Gandhi took up in India. (4)
Answer:
In Champaran, Gandhiji resorted to disobedience of the British rules and Satygraha and his involvement compelled the authorities to pass laws in favour of the indigo farmers. After his struggle in Champaran, Gandhiji worked for the progress of Champaran region by establishing primary schools, initiating medical aids and involving in cleaning activities.

Cotton mill workers in Ahmedabad started their strike in 1918 when they were denied ‘Plague Bonus’. Gandhiji got involved in this strike and adopted the same method of protest that he used in Champaran. Following his Satygraha, the authorities agreed to hike the wages of the employees and the strike came to an end. Due to drought and crop failure farmers in Kheda were living in utter misery. The rulers decided to collect tax from these poor villagers. Starting Satygraha in (1918) Gandhiji protested against the decision. He advised people not to pay tax. Consequently, the authorities were forced to reduce tax rates. His early struggles based on Satyagraha and Ahimsa made Gandhiji a popular leader.

Question 33.
Explain the characteristic features of Eastern Coastal Plain. (4)
Answer:
Eastern coastal plain

• Between the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Ghats
• From the Sundarban delta region to Kanyakumari
• Comparatively wide
• Can be divided into north Zircar plain and Coromandal coast
• Delta formation takes place

Question 34.
Explain the benefits of E-governance. (4)
Answer:
The benefits of E- governance:

• Can receive service with the help of information technology.
• Need not to wait in government offices for services.
• Government services offered speedily and with less expense.
• Efficiency of the offices and quality of the service get enhanced.

Question 35.
Explain the qualitative aspects of human resources. (4)
Answer:

• Education
• Healthcare
• Training
• Social capital

Question 36.
Complete the following table. (4)

Day	Apparent position of the Sun	Peculiarity of the day
March 21	Equator	(a) ……………
(b) ……………..	Tropic of Cancer	Summer solstice
September 23	(c) …………….	Equinox
(d) ……………..	Tropic of Capricon	Winter sostice

Answer:
(a) Equinoxes
(b) June 21
(c) Equator
(d) December 22

Question 37.
What are the achievements of independent India in the fields of Science and Technology? (4)
Answer:
Independent India made remarkable achievements in science and technology. Technology and technocrats have played a significant role in her development in agriculture and industry. Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, an ardent fan of modern science and technology, India made great achievements in science and technology and established several research institutions for the development of science and technology. Some of them are:

• Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
• Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
• Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

Two stalwarts of Indian science, Homi Jahangir Bhabha and S.N. Bhatnagar, helmed the projects of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. H. J. Bhabha was the head of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Indian Atomic Energy Commission.

Question 38.
Mark and label the following on the outline Map of India provided. (4)
a) Aravalli ranges
b) Chottanagpur plateau
c) River Tapti
d) Western ghats
Answer:

Questions from 39 to 42 carry 6 scores each.

Question 39.
Explain Greenwich Mean Time and Indian Standard Time. (6)
Answer:
Greenwich Time
The zero degree longitude is known as the Greenwich . Meridian. It acquires its name from Greenwich, the place where the Royal British Observatory is situated and through which this line passes. Time is calculated worldwide based on the Greenwich Line. Hence this line is also known as the prime meridian. The local time at the prime meridian is known as the Greenwich Mean Time. Based on the Greenwich Merdian, the world is divided into 24 zones,

Indian Standard Time (IST)
The longitudinal extent of India is from 68°E to 97°E. The 821/2°Elongitude which passes almost through the middle of these longitudes has been fixed as the standard meridian of India. The local time along this longitude is generally considered as the Standard Time of Indian. This is known as the Indian Standard Time.

Question 40.
Explain the French revolution based on the following hints. (6)
Hints:
• Three Estates of the French Society
• Thinkers
Answer:
First Estate First estate

• Clergy
• Held vast Land
• Exempted from all taxes
• Collected tax called ‘Thithe’ from the farmers
• Held higher positions in administrative and military services

Second Estate

• Nobles
• Engaged in military services
• Exempted from taxes
• Collected various taxes from the farmers
• Made farmers work without wages
• Held vast lands
• Led luxurious life

Third Estate

• Middle class including traders, writers, lawyers, officials, teachers, bankers farmers and craftsmen
• No role in the administration
• Paid land tax called Tallie to the government
• Low social status

Paid taxes to clergy and nobles Voltaire

• Ridiculed the exploitation of clergy.
• Promoted rational thinking, ideals of equality and humanism.

Rousseau
Spelled out the importance of freedom with the statement, ‘Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains’.
Declared that the people are the sovereign.

Montesquieu

• Suggested division of powers of the government into legislature, executive, and judiciary
• Encouraged democracy and the Republic

Question 41.
Explain the characteristic features of Himadri and Himachal ranges. (6)
Answer:
Himadri

• The highest mountain range.
• Average altitude is 6000 metres.
• Origin of the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra.
• Has a number of peaks above 8000 metres (Eg: Kanchenjunga, Nandadevi)

Himachal

• Situated to the south of the Himadri.
• Average altitude is 3000 metres.
• The hill stations like Shimla, Darjeeling, etc. are situated in the southern slopes of this range.

Question 42.
Explain the Civil Disobedience Movement based on the following hints. (6)
Hints:
• Lahore Session of Indian National Congress
• Salt as a powerful weapon
Answer:
The Lahore session of the Indian National Congress held in 1929 under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru was a turning point in the history of freedom movement in India.

• The session declared that the ultimate aim of Indian freedom struggle was to attain complete freedom (Poorna Swaraj) for the country.
• It also resolved to start the civil disobedience movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
  The reasons why Gandhiji selected salt as a powerful weapon against the British.
• Salt tax constituted two fifth portion of the income collected by the British through taxes.
• This tax was a heavy burden for the poor people.
• The British government banned small scale,indigenous salt production.
• There was three fold hike on salt price.
• The demand for lifting salt tax was a slogan suitable to inspire all segments of the society.

Students can read Kerala SSLC Malayalam 2 Board Model Paper March 2022 (Adisthana Padavali) and Kerala SSLC Malayalam Previous Year Question Papers with Answers helps you to score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Malayalam 2 Board Model Paper March 2022 (Adisthana Padavali)

Time: 1½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

വിദ്യാർത്ഥികൾക്കുള്ള പൊതുനിർദ്ദേശങ്ങൾ:

• നിർദ്ദിഷ്ട സമയത്തിന് പുറമെ 15 മിനിറ്റ് സമാശ്വാസ സമയം ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കും.
• ഈ സമയം ചോദ്യങ്ങൾ പരിചയപ്പെടാനും ഉത്തരങ്ങൾ ആസൂത്രണം ചെയ്യാനും ഉപയോഗിക്കുക.
• വ്യത്യസ്ത സ്കോറുകളുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങൾ വിവിധ പാർട്ടുക ളായാണ് നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്നത്.
• ചോദ്യങ്ങളുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട നിർദ്ദേശങ്ങൾ വായിച്ചു മന സ്സിലാക്കി ഉത്തരമെഴുതുക.
• ഉത്തരമെഴുതുമ്പോൾ സ്കോർ, സമയം എന്നിവ പരിഗണി ക്കണം.
• 1 മുതൽ 24 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് 40 സ്കോർ ആയി രിക്കും പരമാവധി ലഭിക്കുക.

പാർട്ട് – I
1 മുതൽ 9 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് 1 സ്കോർ വീതം.

A. 1 മുതൽ 6 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങളിൽ ഏതെങ്കിലും 4 എണ്ണത്തിന് ഉത്തരമെഴുതുക. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
“തമ്പ്രാ. ഏനു നെല്ലു കൂലി മതി. ചക്രം മേ”.
കോരൻ ഇങ്ങനെ പ്രതികരിച്ചതെന്തുകൊണ്ട്?

• പണത്തോടുള്ള അനിഷ്ടം
• നെല്ലിന്റെ അമിതവില
• പണത്തിന് ആവശ്യമില്ലായ്മ
• നെല്ലിന്റെ വിലക്കുറവ്

Answer:
നെല്ലിന്റെ അമിതവില

Question 2.
“മാർക്കോസ് പിടിക്കുന്ന ഭാഗത്തിന്റെ എതിരുപിടിക്കുക എന്നത് മത്തായിയുടെ വ്രതമായി.”
അടിവരയിട്ട പദത്തിന് ഏറ്റവും യോജിച്ച ആശയം ഏത്?

• അനുകൂലമായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കുക.
• അനുയോജ്യമായത് ചെയ്യുക.
• പ്രതികൂലമായി നിൽക്കുക.
• പ്രതിഫലം ആഗ്രഹിക്കുക.

Answer:
പ്രതികൂലമായി നിൽക്കുക

Question 3.
“പെറ്റുകിടക്കും തെരുവുപട്ടിക്കെന്തൊ-
രൂറ്റം, കുരച്ചത് ചാടിക്കുതിക്കുന്നു”.
ഈ വരികളിൽ തെളിയുന്നതെന്ത്?

• തെരുവു പട്ടിയുടെ ദൈന്യത
• അമ്മയോടുള്ള ദേഷ്യം
• സ്വന്തം കുഞ്ഞിനോടുള്ള സ്നേഹം
• മകനോടുള്ള സഹതാപം

Answer:
സ്വന്തം കുഞ്ഞിനോടുള്ള സ്നേഹം

Question 4.
“പഴയൊരു പുള്ളവനാണല്ലോ ഞാൻ” (ഓണമുറ്റത്ത്)
ഇവിടെ പുള്ളുവൻ എന്ന് വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കുന്നത് ആരാണ്?
Answer:
കവിയെ (വൈലോപ്പിള്ളി ശ്രീധരമേനോൻ

Question 5.
അർത്ഥവ്യത്യാസം വരാതെ ഒറ്റവാക്വമാക്കി എഴുതുക.
ചികിത്സിക്കാനും രക്ഷിക്കാനുമുളള വഴികൾ ആരാഞ്ഞു. ഒന്നും കണ്ടുകിട്ടിയില്ല.
Answer:
ചികിത്സിക്കാനും രക്ഷിക്കാനുമുള്ള വഴികൾ ആരാഞ്ഞെങ്കിലും ഒന്നും കണ്ടു കിട്ടിയില്ല.

Question 6.
“ഞാനിവിടെ ഒറ്റക്കാണെന്ന് എനിക്കു തോന്നീട്ടില്ല.” (ഓരോ വിളിയും കാത്ത്)
അമ്മയുടെ ഈ വാക്കുകളിലെ സൂചനയെന്ത്?
Answer:
അച്ഛൻ മരിച്ചെങ്കിലും സാന്നിധ്വം ഇപ്പോഴും അനുഭവിക്കുന്ന

B. 7 മുതൽ 9 വരെയുള്ള എല്ലാ ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്കും ശരിയായ ഉത്തരം തെരഞ്ഞെടുത്തെഴുതുക. (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 7.
“എന്റെ കണക്കൊക്കെ തെറ്റിലോ മത്തായി മൂപ്പരേ”
ചാക്കുണ്ണി ഇങ്ങനെ പറയാനിടയായ സാഹചര്യമെന്ത്?

• റേഡിയോ പണയം വച്ചു
• മകന്റെ അകാല വേർപാട്
• അളവുകൾ തെറ്റി തയ്ച്ചു
• ചെമ്പുമത്തായി ചതിച്ചു

Answer:
മകന്റെ അകാല വേർപാട്

Question 8.
“നമ്മൾ വിദേശത്തു നിർമ്മിച്ചൊരമ്മതൻ
ബിംബമായാതിഥശാലയിൽ ശോഭനം”
ഈ വരികൾ നൽകുന്ന സൂചനയെന്ത്?

• മാതൃഭാഷയോടുള്ള ആദരവ്
• അന്യഭാഷയോടുള്ള അനിഷ്ടം
• മാതൃഭാഷയോടുള്ള അവഗണന
• വിദേശികളോടുള്ള സ്നേഹം

Answer:
മാതൃഭാഷയോടുള്ള അവഗണന

Question 9.
“പത്രങ്ങൾ ചെയ്യുന്ന ഏറ്റവും വലിയ സേവനം, അച്ചടിച്ചത് കണ്ടാൽ അവിശ്വസിക്കാൻ ജനങ്ങളെ പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നു എന്നതാണ്”.
ഈ പ്രസ്താവനകൊണ്ട് അർത്ഥമാക്കുന്നതെന്ത്?

• പ്രതങ്ങൾ അന്ധവിശ്വാസം പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.
• പത്രവാർത്തകളെല്ലാം സത്വമാണ്.
• പത്രങ്ങൾ വലിയ സേവനം ചെയ്യുന്നില്ല.
• പത്രവാർത്തകൾ പലതും സത്യവിരുദ്ധമാണ്.

Answer:
പത്രവാർത്തകൾ പലതും സത്വവിരുദ്ധമാണ്.

പാർട്ട് – II
10 മുതൽ 12 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് 2 സ്കോർ വീതം.

A. താഴെ നൽകിയിട്ടുള്ള ചോദ്യത്തിന് ഒന്നോ രണ്ടോ വാക്യത്തിൽ ഉത്തരമെഴുതുക. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 10.
“അന്നത്തെ സൂചിപ്രയോഗത്തിൽ നീറ്റൽ പോലൊന്ന് മനസ്സിലൂട പ്പോൾ കടന്നുപോയ്”.
അടിവരയിട്ട പ്രയോഗം നൽകുന്ന സൂചനകൾ വ്യക്തമാക്കുക.
Answer:

• കുട്ടിക്കാലത്ത് തനിക്ക് പനി വന്നപ്പോൾ ചികിത്സയ്ക്കായി ആശുപത്രി പടികൾ കയറിയത്.
• വാർധക്യവും രോഗവും ബാധിച്ച അമ്മയെ ഉപേക്ഷിക്കു ന്നതിലെ കുറ്റബോധം/പാപബോധം.

B. 11 മുതൽ 12 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങളിൽ 1 എണ്ണത്തിന് ഒന്നോ രണ്ടോ വാക്യത്തിൽ ഉത്തരമെഴുതുക. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 11.
“ഓരോന്നിനോരോ മൊഴിച്ചന്ത, മമ്മയാം
നേരിന്റെയിണവും താളവുമിമ്പവും
അമ്മയ്ക്കു മാത്രം തരാൻ കഴിയുന്നതാം
വെൺമയും ഞാനാകുമോർമ്മതൻ ഭൂമിയും”.
ഈ വരികളിൽ സൂചിതമാവുന്ന മാതൃഭാഷയുടെ രണ്ട് സവിശേ ഷതകൾ കണ്ടെത്തി എഴുതുക.
Answer:
സംസ്കാരവും വിജ്ഞാനവും അമ്മ വാത്സല്യത്തോടെ പകർന്ന് തരാൻ മാതൃഭാഷയ്ക്ക് മാത്രമേ കഴിയൂ. അമ്മ തന്നെ മാതൃഭാഷ.

Question 12.
“ചെമ്പുമത്തായിയുടെ അടുക്കൽ ചെന്ന് റേഡിയോ പണയം വയ്ക്കുമ്പോൾ ചാക്കുണ്ണിയുടെ ഉള്ളിൽ തിയായിരുന്നു”.
അടിവരയിട്ട പ്രയോഗത്തിന്റെ അർത്ഥതലം കണ്ടെത്തുക.
Answer:

• മകന്റെ അസുഖം വർധിച്ചു വരുന്നതിലെ ആധി സങ്കടം.
• ഇഷ്ടപ്പെട്ട റേഡിയോ പണയ വസ്തുവായതിലെ സങ്കടം.

പാർട്ട് – III
13 മുതൽ 17 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് 3 സ്കോർ വീതം.

A. 13 മുതൽ 16 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങളിൽ 3 എണ്ണത്തിന് മുന്നോ നാലോ വാക്യത്തിൽ ഉത്തരമെഴുതുക. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 13.
“വിൽക്കാനുള്ളതല്ല, ആളുകൾക്ക് ഒന്നും രണ്ടും പെറുക്കിത്തി ന്നാനുള്ളതാണ് എന്റെ മാങ്ങ എന്നായിരുന്നു യുടെ നില”.
-കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചി കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചിയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ഈ നിരീക്ഷണം നമുക്കു നൽകുന്ന സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ എന്തെല്ലാം?
Answer:
പണത്തിന് ബുദ്ധിമുട്ട് നേരിട്ടപ്പോൾ അമ്മ കൊച്ചുചക്കരച്ചിയിലെ മാങ്ങ വിൽക്കാൻ ശ്രമിച്ചു. എന്നാൽ അവ പറിച്ച് വിൽക്കാനുള്ള തല്ല, ആളുകൾക്ക് ഒന്നും രണ്ടും പെറുക്കിത്തിന്നാനുള്ളതാണ് എന്നായിരുന്നു കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചിയുടെ നില അതുകൊണ്ടുതന്നെ മാങ്ങാ പറിക്കാൻ എത്തിയവരെ അതിലെ ചാവേറ്റു പടയായ നീറുകൾ തുരത്തിയോടിച്ചു.

Question 14.
“അതെന്തൊരു അക്ഷന്തവ്യമായ അപരാധമാണ്? ഒരു തരത്തിലും ആ തെറ്റു ന്യായീകരിക്കാവുന്നതല്ല”. (പ്ലാവിലക്കഞ്ഞി)
കോരന്റെ കുറ്റബോധത്തിനുളള കാരണം വിശകലനം ചെയ്യുക.
Answer:
കോരന്റേയും ചിരുതയുടേയും വിവാഹവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഉണ്ടായ അഭിപ്രായ വ്യത്യാസങ്ങളുടെ പേരിൽ അച്ഛനെ ഉപേക്ഷിച്ച് ചിരുതയെയും കൊണ്ട് കോരൻ നാടുവിട്ടു. ഒരു ദിവസം പണി കഴിഞ്ഞെത്തിയ കോരൻ കണ്ടത് കുടിലിൽ ചിരുതയുമായി സംസാരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന അച്ഛനെയാണ്. അച്ഛന്റെ രൂപം കണ്ട് കോരന്റെ കണ്ണുകൾ നിറഞ്ഞു. ആനയുടെ കരുത്തുണ്ടായിരുന്ന അച്ഛന് ഇന്ന് എഴുന്നേറ്റു നിൽക്കാനുള്ള ആരോഗ്യം പോലു മില്ല. താൻ കൂടെയുണ്ടായിരുന്നെങ്കിൽ അച്ഛന് ഈ അവസ്ഥ വരി ല്ലായിരുന്നു എന്ന് കോരൻ ഓർക്കുന്നു. അപരാധബോധം കോരനെ വേദനിപ്പിച്ചു.

വൃദ്ധനായ അച്ഛനെ തനിച്ചാക്കി, തന്റെ സുഖം മാത്രം നോക്കി പെണ്ണുമായി മറുനാട്ടിലേക്ക് പോന്നതിൽ കോരന് കുറ്റബോധം തോന്നി. കോരന്റെ ഈ കുറ്റബോധം ധാർമിക ബോധത്തിൽ നിന്നുണ്ടായതാണ്. വർത്തമാനകാലത്ത് ഇത് ചുരുക്കം പേരിൽ മാത്രമേയുള്ളൂ. വൃദ്ധരായ മാതാപിതാക്കളെ ഉപേക്ഷിക്കുന്നവരും അവരെ ഒറ്റയ്ക്കാക്കി ഉപജീവനത്തിനായി ജോലി തേടി മറുനാട്ടിൽ പോകുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നവരാണ് ഇന്ന് ഏറെയും. വൃദ്ധസദനങ്ങളും മറ്റും പെരുകുന്ന പുതിയ കാലത്ത് കോരൻ സ്നേഹത്തിന്റേയും കരുതലിന്റേയും പ്രതീകമാകുന്നു. കോരന്റെ ഈ ധാർമ്മികബോധം അനുകരണീയമാണ്.

Question 15.
“നല്ലതുതന്നെ നാം കാണുമാറാവുക
നല്ലതുതന്നെ നാം കേൾക്കുമാറാവുക.”
ഈ വരികളിലെ ആശയം ‘കോഴിയും കിഴവിയും’ എന്ന കഥ യിലെ മത്തായിയുടെ അമ്മ എന്ന കഥാപാത്രത്തിന് എത്രമാത്രം അനുയോജ്യമാണ്? നിങ്ങളുടെ അഭിപ്രായം കുറിക്കുക.
Answer:
‘കോഴിയും കിഴവിയും’ എന്ന കഥ എഴുതിയത് കാരൂർ നീലക ണ്ഠപ്പിള്ളയാണ്. ഈ കഥയിലെ പ്രധാന കഥാപാത്രമാണ് മത്താ വിയുടെ അമ്മ, അയൽക്കാരും തമ്മിൽ മത്സരിക്കുന്നത് മത്തായിയുടെ അമ്മ ഇഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നില്ല. കള്ളം പറഞ്ഞു മറ്റൊരു വ്യക്തിയേയോ കുടും ബത്തെയോ ചതിക്കുന്നത് തിന്മയാണ്. സത്യം പറയുന്നതും അയൽക്കാരെ സ്നേഹിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്ന നന്മയാണ് മത്താ യിയുടെ അമ്മ ഇഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത്. മറ്റുള്ളവർ ചെയ്ത ഉപകാരത്തെ ക്കുറിച്ച് അമ്മയ്ക്കോർമ്മയുണ്ട്. സ്വന്തം മക്കൾ തെറ്റു ചെയ്താലും അതു തെറ്റാണെന്നു തുറന്നു പറയുന്ന സ്വഭാവ മാണ് അമ്മയുടേത്. സ്വന്തം മകൻ ചെയ്ത തെറ്റിനെ അമ്മ ന്യായീ കരിക്കുന്നില്ല. സത്വം സമൂഹത്തിനു മുമ്പിൽ തുറന്നു കാട്ടുന്ന നന്മയുടെ പ്രതീകമാണ് മത്തായിയുടെ അമ്മ.

Question 16.
“നല്ല വെള്ളാല്ല, നിലാവൂല്ല, കൂമന്റെ ഒച്ചേം ഇല്ല. പിന്നെ എന്താ ആടെ ഒള്ളത്?”
അമ്മ യുടെ ഈ വാക്കുകളിൽ തെളിയുന്ന ആശങ്കകൾ എന്തെല്ലാം? വിശദമാക്കുക.
Answer:
ഈ വരികളിൽ തെളിയുന്നത് നഗരജീവിതത്തിലെ തിക്കും തിരക്കും ബഹളവും ആണ്. നഗരത്തിൽ ഗ്രാമീണതയുടെ ഭംഗി കാണാൻ കഴിയില്ല. ഗ്രാമാന്തരീക്ഷത്തിലെ മനോഹാരിത നഗരത്തിൽ ഇല്ല. നിലാവ്, പക്ഷികളുടെ ശബ്ദങ്ങൾ, ശുദ്ധമായ ജലാശയങ്ങൾ എന്നിവ ഗ്രാമത്തിൽ മാത്രമേ കാണാൻ കഴിയുകയുള്ളൂ. നാടി പ്രധാനം നഗരം ദരിദ്രം, നാട്ടിൻപുറം നന്മകളാൽ സമൃദ്ധം. നഗര ത്തിൽ ജീവിക്കുന്നവർ ഉപഭോഗസംസ്ക്കാരത്തിന്റെ പിന്നാലെ പായുന്നവരാണ്. എന്നാൽ ഗ്രാമത്തിലുള്ളവർ നന്മയുടെ പ്രതീക ങ്ങളാണ് എന്ന് നമുക്ക് പറയാം.

B. ചുവടെ നൽകിയിട്ടുള്ള ചോദ്യത്തിന് മുന്നോ നാലോ വാക്യത്തിൽ ഉത്തരമെഴുതുക. (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 17.
“ജാതിപ്പിശാചിനെ ഉച്ചാടനം ചെയ്തു കേരളീയരെ മനുഷ്യത്വം പഠി ഷിച്ച ഏകഗുരുനാഥനെന്നും ഈ ഋഷിവര്യനെ വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കാം.”
ശ്രീനാരായണഗുരുവിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ഈ പ്രസ്താവനയെ സാധൂകരിക്കുന്ന മൂന്ന് സൂചനകൾ എഴുതുക.
Answer:
സർവർക്കും ഉൾക്കൊള്ളാൻ കഴിയുന്ന സന്ദേശം

• മതമേതായാലും മനുഷ്യൻ നന്നായാൽ മതി.
• മനുഷ്യാണാം മനുഷ്യത്വം ജാതി
• ഒരു ജാതി ഒരു മതം ഒരു ദൈവം മനുഷ്യന്
• മനുഷ്യജാതി എന്ന വിശാലമായ ആശയം
• സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യബോധമുള്ളവരാക്കി
• എല്ലാ മത നദികളും ചെന്നു ചേരുന്ന കടലിനെ (മനുഷ്യമ ഹത്വം) കുറിച്ച് ബോധം പകർന്നു.

പാർട്ട് – IV
18 മുതൽ 22 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് 4 സ്കോർ വീതം.

A. 18 മുതൽ 20 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങളിൽ 2 എണ്ണത്തിന് അപ്പുറ ത്തിൽ കവിയാതെ ഉത്തരമെഴുതുക. (2 × 4 = 8)

Question 18.
“നാവുണ്ടായിരുന്നെങ്കിൽ കുടുംബത്തിന്റെ കഥ അവൾ പറയു മായിരുന്നു.”
“കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചി വീഴില്ല, വീണാലും അവർ ആപത്തുവരുത്തു കയില്ല” എന്ന ഒറ്റ ഉറച്ച നിലയിലായിരുന്നു അമ്മയ്ക്ക്.
“കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചി മനുഷ്യനും പ്രകൃതിയും തമ്മിലുള്ള ആത്മബ ന്ധത്തിന്റെ കഥയാണോ? തന്നിരിക്കുന്ന സൂചനകളും പാഠഭാ ഗത്തും മറ്റ് ആശയങ്ങളും ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തി വിശകലനക്കുറിപ്പ് തയ്യാ റാക്കുക.”
Answer:
കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചി എന്ന ലേഖനം എഴുതിയത് എ.പി.ഉദയഭാനു വാണ്. കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചി മനുഷ്യനും പ്രകൃതിയും തമ്മിലുള്ള ആത്മബന്ധത്തിന്റെ കഥയാണ്. വൃക്ഷങ്ങളിൽ വെച്ചു വൃക്ഷമായത് മാവു തന്നെയാണ്. മാവു തളിരിടുമ്പോൾത്തന്നെ നാട്ടിൻപുറത്ത് ഉത്സവമാണ്. ഗ്രാമീണാ ന്തരീക്ഷം മാമ്പൂവിന്റെ മൃദുലമായ പരിമളംകൊണ്ടും നിറയും. ഉണ്ണി മാങ്ങയുണ്ടാകുന്ന പരുവം മുതൽ മാവിൻ ചുവട്ടിലെ സദ്യ ആരംഭിക്കുകയായി. മാങ്ങാക്കാലം കഴിഞ്ഞാലും ആണ്ടോടാണ്ട് പല രൂപഭേദങ്ങളിൽ നാം മാങ്ങാവച്ച് സൂക്ഷിച്ച് ആസ്വദിക്കുന്നു. തിരിഞ്ഞു നോക്കുമ്പോൾ അനവധി മാവുകളുടെ ഓർമ്മ ലേഖ കനുണ്ടാകുന്നു. ആകാശം മുട്ടെ ഉയർന്നുനിൽക്കുന്ന മാവിനെ കുരുടച്ചി എന്നാണ് വിളിക്കുന്നത്. കാരണം അതിന്റെ മാങ്ങയ്ക്ക് ചക്കക്കുരുവിന്റെ വലുപ്പമില്ല. എന്നാൽ നറും മധുരമാണിത്. പല പല മാവുകൾ അവയുടെ പ്രത്യേക സ്വാദുകളുമായി ഓടിയെ ത്തുന്നു.

കൊതിയ സമാജം കൂടിയിരുന്നത് മുല്ലശ്ശേരിൽ പറമ്പിന്റെ അതി രിൽ നിന്ന ശർക്കരമാവിന്റെ കീഴിലായിരുന്നു. ചുള്ളിക്കമ്പുകൾ വിറകാക്കി ഉയർത്തിയ ഹോമാഗ്നിയിൽ മാങ്ങാനീര് ഹവിസ്സാക്കി കുട്ടികൾ അണ്ണാൻ പിറന്നാൾ എന്ന മഹായജ്ഞം നടത്തിയിരു ന്നു. ആ ഹോമധൂപം മാവിന്റെ ഉയരത്തിൽ ചെല്ലുമ്പോൾ മാവ് പ്രീതിയോടെ മാങ്ങ പൊഴിച്ചു തരും. വീണ മാങ്ങയുടെ ഞെട്ടി നുള്ളിൽ ഉണ്ണി ഇട്ടാൽ പകരം ഒരു മാങ്ങ വീഴും. അതിന്റെ അവ കാശി ഉണ്ണി ഇട്ട ആൾ ആണ്. ഇന്ന് മാവ് കാണാത്ത കുട്ടികൾ കേരളത്തിൽ ഉണ്ടാവില്ലെങ്കിലും പഴയ അപരിഷ്കൃത മട്ടുകൾ അവർ അറിയാനിടയില്ല. മാവിനോടുള്ള പ്രേമം നാട്ടിൻപുറത്തെ കുട്ടികളിൽ മാത്രമല്ല കവികളിലും കാണാം. കവി ഭാവനയെ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഉദ്ദീപ്തവും ഉന്മത്തവുമാക്കിയിട്ടുള്ളത് മാവു തന്നെയാണ്. കാമദേവൻ പുതസാ കനാകുമ്പോൾ അങ്ങനെ യാണ് വരുന്നത്.

പൂത്തിരി കത്തിച്ചതുപോലെയുള്ള മാമ്പൂക്കുല ഒടിച്ച് കുസൃതിക്കുട്ടനെപ്പോലെ കവിതാങ്കണത്തിൽ ഓടിയെ ത്തിയ വൈലോപ്പിള്ളി മാമ്പഴത്തിൽക്കൂടെ ഉൽക്കടമായ വേദന യുടെ മാധുര്യം പകർന്നു തന്നാണല്ലോ നമുക്ക് പ്രിയങ്കര നായിത്തീർന്നത്. കൊച്ചു ചക്ക തിരച്ചിയുമായി അടുത്തു പരിചയപ്പെട്ടതും സ്നേഹബന്ധം ഉദിച്ചതും ഭാഗം കഴിഞ്ഞ് ത വാട്ടുവീട്ടിൽ പാർപ്പുറപ്പിച്ചതോടെ ആയിരുന്നു. ഏകാന്തത വൃക്ഷ ലതാദികളോടുള്ള കൂട്ടുകെട്ടിനു കൂടുതൽ പ്രേരകമായി. തറ വാട്ടുവീട്ടിൽ മാവുകൾ പലതുണ്ടായിരുന്നെങ്കിലും കുലശ്രേഷ്ഠ കൾ ആയി എണ്ണിയതു വലിയ ചക്കരച്ചിയും കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചി യുമായിരുന്നു.

പണത്തിന്റെ ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടുകൊണ്ട് ഒന്നുരണ്ടു പ്രാവശ്യം കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചിയിലെ മാങ്ങ വിൽക്കാൻ അമ്മ ശ്രമിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. എന്നാൽ നീറുകൾ എന്ന ചാവേറ്റുപട കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചിയിൽ കയറാൻ ശ്രമി ച്ചവരെ എല്ലാം തോൽപ്പിച്ച് ഓടിച്ചു കളഞ്ഞു. വിൽക്കാനുള്ള തല്ല ആളുകൾക്ക് ഒന്നും രണ്ടും പെറുക്കിത്തിന്നാനുള്ളതാണ് എന്റെ മാങ്ങ എന്നായിരുന്നു കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചിയുടെ നില. യുദ്ധ കാലമായതോടെ മാവുകൾക്കും വിലകൂടി.

കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചിയുടെ ഇടതുഭാഗത്തായി താഴെനിന്ന് എട്ടുപത്തടി ഉയരത്തിൽ തൊലി പൊളിഞ്ഞ് തടി ജീർണ്ണിച്ചിരുന്നു. തടിക്കച്ച വടക്കാരൻ ആരോ തെക്കേപ്പുറത്ത് ആരും ഇല്ലാത്ത തക്കം നോക്കി തമരുവെച്ചു തുളച്ചതിൽനിന്നു വന്നതാവാമെന്ന അഭി പ്രായം പ്രബലമായി. ചികിത്സിക്കാനും രക്ഷിക്കാനുമുള്ള വഴി കൾ ആരാഞ്ഞു. ഒന്നും കണ്ടുകിട്ടിയില്ല. കാലവർഷക്കാറ്റു വന്ന് ആഞ്ഞടിച്ചാൽ മാവ് ഒടിഞ്ഞുവീഴുന്നത് താരിപുരയുടെ മേൽ ആണ്. അങ്ങനെ വന്നാലത്തെ നാശം ആർക്കും താങ്ങാൻ കഴി യികയില്ല. ആ നിലയ്ക്ക് അതിനെ വെട്ടുകയല്ലാതെ എന്തു യ്ക്കും. കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചി വീഴില്ല. വീണാലും അവർ ആപത്തു വരുത്തികയില്ല എന്ന ഒറ്റ ഉറച്ചനിലയിയായിരുന്നു അമ്മയ്ക്ക് ആശങ്ക നിറഞ്ഞ പത്തുകൊല്ലം കഴിഞ്ഞിട്ടും ഇച്ഛാശക്തി കൊണ്ട ന്നപോലെ ആ മാവ് നിലനിന്നു.

തുലാവർഷക്കാറ്റുകളും കാല വർഷക്കാറ്റുകളും ആ മുത്തശ്ശിയെ തള്ളിയിട്ടില്ല. ഇരുപത് വർഷം മുമ്പ് നേരിയ ഒരു വർഷവും കാറ്റും ഉണ്ടായി. അത് കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചിയുടെ ആത്മാവിനെ കൂട്ടിക്കൊണ്ടുപോകാൻ പ്രത്യേകം നിയുക്തമായവയായിരുന്നു. അൽപം തെക്കു പടിഞ്ഞാറു ചാഞ്ഞ് അത് മറിഞ്ഞുവീണു. പടിറ്റതിൽ വീടിന്റെ മതിൽ അല്പം പൊളിച്ചു. ഒരു തൈമാവിന്റെ ഒരു ശിഖരം ഒടിഞ്ഞു. കുളത്തിന രികിലെ പുളിമരത്തിന്റെ ഏതാനും ചെറിയ കൊമ്പുകൾ അടർന്നു. അതിനേക്കാൾ നിരുപദ്രവകരമായി അതിനെ മുറിച്ചി ടാൻ കഴിയുമായിരുന്നില്ല. കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചി നേരുള്ള മാവാണ്. അവൾ ദോഷം വരുത്തു കയില്ല എന്നുള്ള അമ്മയുടെ വിശ്വാസം ജയിച്ചു. അവിടെ കിളി ച്ചുപൊന്തിയ കൊച്ചു ചക്കരച്ചിയുടെ മകൾ പുളിച്ചിയാണ്.

Question 19.
“മലയാളത്തറവാട്ടിന്നങ്കണ്-
മണിപീഠത്തിലിരിഞ്ഞു, ഞങ്ങടെ
കൊച്ചുകിനാവുകൾ തേടിയലഞ്ഞു മ-
ലർക്കളമെഴുതിക്കാത്തോരരചന!” (ഓണമുറ്റത്ത്)
കവിയെ അഭിമാനം കൊള്ളിച്ച ഓണസംസ്കാരത്തിന് പുതിയ കാല ത്തിൽ മാറ്റം വന്നിട്ടുണ്ടോ? പ്രതികരണക്കുറിപ്പ് തയ്യാറാക്കുക.
Answer:
ഒരുമയുടേയും സമഭാവനയുടേയും സന്ദേശമാണ് ഓണാഘോ ഷത്തിന്റെ അകക്കാമ്പ്. കേരളത്തിന് അധികമായി കിട്ടിയ വസ ന്തോത്സവം തന്നെയാണ് ഓണം. ഇത് കാർഷിക കേരളത്തിന്റെ ഉത്സവം കൂടിയാണത്രേ. ചിങ്ങക്കൊയ്ത്തു കഴിഞ്ഞ് പുന്നെല്ല രിയും മറ്റു കാർഷിക വിളകളും ഇക്കാലത്ത് ധാരാളമാണ്. കേര ളത്തിന്റെ തനതു കായികാഘോഷമായ വള്ളംകളിയും ഓണാ ഘോഷത്തിന്റെ പ്രത്യേകതയാണ്.

ഓണം മലനാടിനെ എങ്ങനെയെല്ലാം അണിയിച്ചൊരുക്കുന്നു വെന്നും പ്രകൃതിയോടുചേർന്ന് മാനവജീവിതം മാവേലിമന്നനെ എങ്ങനെ വരവേൽക്കുന്നുവെന്നും കവി വർണ്ണിക്കുന്നു. ഓണ അപ്പനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ചിന്തകൾ കവിയെ പുള്ളുവനാക്കുന്നു. നഗ സംസ്കാരത്തിന്റെ അധിനിവേശത്താൽ നാടുകടത്തപ്പെടുന്ന നാട്ടുനന്മകളെ വിളിച്ചുണർത്തുന്ന ദൗത്വമാണ് ഈ കവിക്കു നിർവ്വഹിക്കാനുള്ളത്. അതുകൊണ്ട് മാവേലിത്തമ്പുരാന്റെ വര വറിയിക്കുന്ന പുള്ളുവനായി മാറാൻ കവി ശ്രമിക്കുന്നു. പരിഷ്കാ രത്തിന്റെ തിണ്ണയിലുള്ളവർ പരിഹസിച്ചേക്കാമെങ്കിലും കവിയുടെ ആത്മാഭിമാനത്തെ തളർത്തുവാൻ അവർക്കു കഴിയുന്നില്ല. അത്രയ്ക്ക് അചഞ്ചലവും ആത്മാർത്ഥവുമാണ് ഗ്രാമജീവനിൽ ധന്വതയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള കവിയുടെ സങ്കൽപ്പങ്ങൾ. അതുകൊണ്ടു തന്നെ ഓണക്കാലത്തിന്റെ വർണ്ണനാചിത്രത്തിനപ്പുറം മലനാട്ടുസം സ്കാരത്തിന്റെ മധുരോദാരവും പാവനവുമായ സങ്കല്പങ്ങളെ തോറ്റിയെടുക്കുന്ന ഗീതമായി ഈ കവിതയെ വിലയിരുത്താം.

ജാതിയുടേയോ മതത്തിന്റേയോ അതിർ വരമ്പുകളില്ലാതെ മനു ഷ്യർ ഒന്നാകുന്ന ഐശ്വര്യസമൃദ്ധമായ ആഘോഷമാണ് ഓണം. പൂപ്പാട്ടും പൂവിളിയും ഊഞ്ഞാലാട്ടവും ഓണസദ്യയും വിവിധ തരം ഓണക്കളികളും മത്സരങ്ങളും, നാനാതരത്തിലുളള പൂക്ക ളാൽ അണിഞ്ഞൊരുങ്ങിയ പ്രകൃതിയും എല്ലാം ചേർന്ന് ഓണ ക്കാലത്തെത സജീവമാക്കിയിരുന്നു. എന്നാൽ ഇന്ന് അത്തരത്തി ലുളള ഓണാഘോഷം ഇല്ലാതായിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. നാട്ടിൻപു റങ്ങളിൽപോലും ഓണം കച്ചവടത്തിന്റെ ഉത്സവമായി മാറിയിരി ക്കുന്നു. പൂക്കളം തീർക്കാനുള്ള പൂക്കൾ തുടങ്ങി സദ്യയ്ക്കുള്ള പച്ചക്കറികൾവരെ മറുനാട്ടിൽ നിന്ന് ഇറക്കുമതി ചെയ്യുകയാണ്. പ്രകൃതിയുമായുള്ള നമ്മുടെ മമതാബന്ധം, ഉപഭോഗസംസ്കാര ത്തിന്റെ തള്ളിക്കയറ്റത്തിൽ അറ്റുപോയിരിക്കുന്നു. ‘ഇൻസ്റ്റന്റ്’ ഓണത്തിന്റെ ഇക്കാലത്ത് പരമ്പരാഗതമായ ഓണാഘോഷം ഇല്ലാ തായി. ഒരു ചടങ്ങുമാത്രമായി തീർന്നുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നു.

Question 20.
“ഇവിടെ അമ്മയെ തനിച്ചുനിർത്തിയിട്ട് ഞാനെങ്ങന്യാ പോവ്വാ.” (ഓരോ വിളിയും കാത്ത്)
“ഒന്നിനും കൊള്ളരുതാത്തവനെന്നവൾ
ഇന്നും പഴി പറഞ്ഞേക്കും, മടങ്ങാതെ
വയ്യ, തലയ്ക്കകത്തെന്തോ പെരുക്കുന്നു.” (അമ്മത്തൊട്ടിൽ)
രണ്ടു സന്ദർഭങ്ങളിലേയും മക്കളുടെ പ്രവൃത്തികൾ താരതമ്യം ചെയ്ത് കുറിപ്പ് തയ്യാറാക്കുക.
Answer:
ഓരോ വിളിയും കാത്ത്

• അമ്മയുമായി ഊഷ്മള ബന്ധം കാത്തു സൂക്ഷിക്കുന്ന മകൻ.
• ഒറ്റക്കാവുന്ന ചിന്തയിൽ കൂടെ കൂടാൻ ശ്രമിക്കുന്നു.
• ഗ്രാമജീവിതത്തിന്റെ നന്മ പ്രകാശിച്ചു നിൽക്കുന്നു.

അമ്മത്തൊട്ടിൽ

• അമ്മയെ ഉപേക്ഷിക്കാൻ അനുയോജ്യമായ സ്ഥലം തിരയുന്നു.
• ബന്ധം ഊഷ്മളമല്ല.
• നഗരസംസ്കാരത്തിന്റെ ഇര.
• ഭാര്യയുടെ നിർബന്ധത്തിന് വഴങ്ങി പുറപ്പെടുന്നു.
• എങ്കിലും പ്രതീക്ഷയ്ക്ക് വക നൽകുന്ന, മകന്റെ മറിച്ചുള്ള ചിന്ത. (നന്മകൾ അസ്തമിച്ചിട്ടില്ല).

കുടുംബസ്നേഹത്തിന്റെ തീവ്രത വെളിപ്പെടുത്തുന്ന ഒരു പാഠ മാണ് ‘ഓരോ വിളിയും കാത്ത് സ്നേഹബന്ധം പ്രമേയമായി വരുന്ന ധാരാളം കഥകൾ നാം പഠിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മനുഷ്യനു പ്രകൃതി യോടുള്ള സ്നേഹവും കഥകൾക്ക് പ്രമേയമായിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഭാര്യ ഭർത്തബന്ധത്തിന്റെ വിശ്വാസ്വതയും ശാലീനതയും ഓരോ വിളിയും കാത്ത്’ എന്ന കഥയിൽ അനാവരണം ചെയ്യുന്നു. അമ്മത്തൊട്ടിൽ എന്ന കവിത മനുഷ്യമനസ്സാക്ഷിയെ ഞെട്ടിക്കു ന്നതാണ്. പിള്ളത്തൊട്ടിലും അമ്മത്തൊട്ടിലും പരിഷ്കൃത സമു ഹത്തിന് അപമാനമാണ്. ശാപമാണ്. വൃദ്ധസദനങ്ങളും അനാ ഥാലയങ്ങളും ഇന്നത്തെ സമൂഹത്തിൽ പെരുകി വരുന്നത് മനു ഷ്യരാശിക്ക് ഗുണത്തേക്കാൾ ദോഷം ചെയ്യുമെന്നതിന് സംശയമി ല്ല.

തന്റേതല്ലാത്ത തെറ്റിന് ശിക്ഷിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങളാണ് പിള്ളത്തൊട്ടിലിൽ എത്തുന്നത്. ആയകാലങ്ങളിൽ കഠിനാധ്വാനം ചെയ്തവരാണ് വയസ്സാവുമ്പോൾ വൃദ്ധസദനങ്ങളിൽ എത്തുന്ന ത്. ഇന്ത്യയെപ്പോലെയുള്ള പരിഷ്കൃത രാഷ്ട്രങ്ങൾക്ക് ഇത് അഭി മാനകരമാണോ എന്ന് ചിന്തിക്കേണ്ടകാലം അതിക്രമിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. മനുഷ്യ മനസ്സാക്ഷിക്കു മരവിപ്പു ബാധിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നതിന്റെ തെളി വുകളാണ് ഇതെല്ലാം. ഇതിനൊരു പരിഹാരം കണ്ടെത്താൻ പുതി യതലമുറ തയ്യാറെടുക്കേണ്ടിയിരിക്കുന്നു.

B. 21 മുതൽ 22 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങളിൽ 1 എണ്ണത്തിന് അരപ്പും ത്തിൽ കവിയാതെ ഉത്തരമെഴുതുക. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 21.
“ഈ റേഡിയോ പാട്ടിക്കെ ഇനിക്ക് പിട്, മന്ഷ്യരെ നെക്കെ ട്ത്താൻ ഓരോ ഏർപ്പാടോള്! ആ നേരം വല്ല പണീം എടുത്താല് നാല് കാര്ണ്ടാക്കാം”. (പ്രണയം)
തന്നിരിക്കുന്ന സൂചനയോടൊപ്പം കഥയിലെ മറ്റു സന്ദർഭങ്ങളും പരിഗണിച്ച് ചെമ്പുമത്തായി എന്ന കഥാപാത്രത്തെ നിരൂപണം ചെയ്യുക.
Answer:
ചെമ്പുമത്തായി
ചെമ്പുമത്തായി എന്ന കഥാപാത്രം സ്വർണ്ണപ്പണയം എടുത്ത് പലി ശയ്ക്ക് കൊടുക്കുന്ന മുതലാളിയാണ്. അയാൾ സ്വർണ്ണം മാത്രമേ പണയമായി എടുക്കാറുള്ളൂ. പാരമ്പര്യമായി കിട്ടിയ തൊഴിലാണ് അയാളുടേത്. അപ്പൻ ചാക്കോരു മാപ്ലയ്ക്ക് സ്വർണ്ണം ഉരച്ചുനോ ക്കുക പോലും വേണ്ടിയിരുന്നില്ല, അതിലെ ചെമ്പിന്റേയും സ്വർണ്ണ ത്തിന്റേയും കണക്കറിയാൻ റേഡിയോ പണയമെടുക്കുന്നത് ആദ്യമായാണ്. പക്ഷേ അത് മറ്റുരുപ്പിടികളെപ്പോലെ ഒരു പണയ പണ്ടം മാത്രമാണ് അയാൾക്ക്. നമ്പർ 129 റേഡിയോ അവിടിരു ന്നാലും അവിടെയാരും പാട്ടുകേൾക്കാൻ പോകുന്നില്ല. കാരണം പാട്ടുകേൾക്കുന്നത് വെറുതെ സമയം കളയാനുള്ള മാർഗ്ഗമാണ് അയാൾക്ക്. ആ സമയത്ത് എന്തെങ്കിലും ജോലി ചെയ്തു പണ മുണ്ടാക്കുകയാണ് വേണ്ടത്.

പണം ഉണ്ടാക്കുക എന്നതാണ് എറ്റവും പ്രധാനം. അയാൾ സ്വന്തം മക്കളെപ്പോലും ലാളിച്ചിട്ടി ല്ല. അതുപാടില്ല എന്ന പക്ഷക്കാരനുമാണ്. കുട്ടികളെ തല്ലി വളർത്തണം എന്നു കരുതുന്ന അയാളുടെ മക്കളാണ് ആ നാട്ടിൽ മാതാപിതാക്കളുടെ കയ്യിൽ നിന്ന് ഏറ്റവുമധികം തല്ലുകൊണ്ടിട്ടു ള്ളത്. മുതലും പലിശയും ഇല്ലാതെ പണയവസ്തു അയാൾ തിരി ച്ചുകൊടുത്തില്ല. ഞായറാഴ്ച പള്ളികളിൽ പോകണമെന്നും റേഡിയോ പരിപാടികൾ കേൾക്കുന്ന സമയം കുർബ്ബാന കേൾക്കണമെന്നും അയാൾ ചാക്കുണ്ണിയോട് പറയുന്നുണ്ട്. “നമ്മള് പള്ളിച്ചെല്ലുന്നില്ല” എന്ന് അച്ചന്മാർക്ക് പരാതീണ്ടാവരു ത്. ചാക്കുണ്ണി ബാലമണ്ഡലം കേട്ട് ആശ്വസിക്കുന്നത് മനസ്സിലാ ക്കാൻ അയാൾക്ക് കഴിയുന്നില്ല. അയാൾക്ക് പണയസ്വർണ്ണത്തിലെ തിളക്കവും മൂല്യവും ആയിരിക്കും സന്തോഷം നൽകുക.

Question 22.
“പത്രം അസത്യമാണെന്നറിഞ്ഞുകൊണ്ട് ഒരു കാര്യം പറയുകയും അത് സത്യമായിത്തീരുമെന്ന വിചാരത്തിൽ അക്കാര്വം ആവർത്തിച്ചു കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു.” (പതനീതി)
ഈ നിരീക്ഷണം സമകാലിക വാർത്താമാധ്യമങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചും പ്രസക്തമാണോ? വിലയിരുത്തി കുറിപ്പ് തയ്യാറാക്കുക.
Answer:
ബയനറ്റിനേക്കാൾ ഞാൻ പേടിക്കുന്നത് പ്രതത്തെയാണെന്ന് നെപ്പോളിയൻ തുറന്നു പറഞ്ഞിട്ടുണ്ട്. വലിയ പ്രതിദിന വാർത്താ മാധ്യമങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചാണ് ലേഖകൻ ഇവിടെ പരാമർശിക്കുന്നത്. പത്രങ്ങളെപ്പറ്റി വാഴ്ത്തിപ്പറഞ്ഞ വാക്കുകൾക്ക് ക്ഷാമമില്ല. രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിലെ നാലാമത്തെ മഹാശക്തിയാണ് പ്രതം. പ്രതത്തെ ക്കുറിച്ച് പല മഹാന്മാരുടേയും അഭിപ്രായങ്ങൾ ‘പ്രതനീതി’ എന്ന ലേഖനത്തിലൂടെ സുകുമാർ അഴിക്കോട് വിശകലനം ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഏതു മനുഷ്യനും വാർത്ത അറിയുന്നതിനു മാത്രമല്ല, വാർത്ത നൽകുന്നതിനും പത്രത്തെ ആശ്രയിക്കേണ്ടി വരുന്നു. പത്രം ലോകത്തെ നമ്മുടെ മടിയിലെത്തിക്കുമ്പോൾ നമ്മുടെ അകാ യിലെ സംഭവങ്ങളെ ലോകത്തിന്റെ മുൻപിലും എത്തിക്കുന്നു. പത്രത്തെ എതിർക്കേണ്ടി വന്നാൽ ആ എതിർപ്പിനുപോലും പ്രചാരം വേണമെങ്കിൽ പത്രത്തെത്തന്നെ ആശ്രയിക്കണമെന്ന താണ് പത്രം എന്ന വിരോധാഭാസം.

പത്രങ്ങളെപ്പറ്റി പലരും വാഴ്ത്തിപ്പറഞ്ഞിട്ടുണ്ട്. തന്റെ ആകെയുള്ള അറിവ് പത്രങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് കിട്ടിയതാണെന്ന് ഒരു എഴുത്തുകാ രൻ പറഞ്ഞു. പത്രമില്ലാതെയുള്ള ഭരണത്തേക്കാൾ താൻ അഭി ലഷിക്കുക ഭരണില്ലാതെയുള്ള പത്രമാണെന്ന് സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യപ്രേമി യായ ജഥൻ പറഞ്ഞു. അരാജകമായ ഒരവസ്ഥയിൽപ്പോലും സത്വവും നീതിയും പുലർത്തുന്ന പത്രങ്ങളുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം സമു ഹത്തെ രക്ഷിക്കുന്നു എന്നാണ് അതിന്റെ സാരം.

പത്രങ്ങൾക്ക് കിട്ടിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്ന ബഹുമതിക്ക് ഒരു കറുത്ത നിഴലുണ്ട്. എന്തിന്റേയും മറുവശം ചൂണ്ടിക്കാണിക്കുന്നതിൽ അതിവിരുതനായ ഓസ്കാർ വൈൽഡ് പ്രതങ്ങളുടെ ദ്രോഹകാ രിത്വത്തെ പലപ്പോഴും കളിയാക്കിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. സാഹിത്യം വായിക്ക പ്പെടുന്നില്ല. പത്രം വായിക്കാൻ കൊള്ളുകയുമില്ല” എന്ന് വൈൽഡ് പറഞ്ഞിട്ടുണ്ട്. “മൃഗങ്ങളുടെ മേൽ പരീക്ഷണം നട ത്തുന്ന ശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞർ പത്രപ്രവർത്തകരുടേയും രാഷ്ട്രീയപ്ര വർത്തകരുടേയും മേലേ ശസ്ത്രക്രിയ നടത്തി പരീക്ഷിക്കട്ടെ എന്ന് ഇബ്സർ പറഞ്ഞു.

പത്രങ്ങൾ വായിക്കുന്നത് അവയിൽ വരുന്ന പലതോതിലുള്ള കള്ളങ്ങൾ താരതമ്യം ചെയ്ത് അവയെപ്പറ്റി ആലോചിച്ച് ഒടുവിൽ എങ്ങനെയെങ്കിലും സത്വത്തിന്റെ സമീപത്ത് എത്തിച്ചേരാൻ കഴി യുമോ എന്നു നോക്കാൻ വേണ്ടിയാണ്. “പ്രതം അസത്യമാണ്. ന്നറിഞ്ഞുകൊണ്ട് ഒരു കാര്യം പറയുകയും അത് സത്വമായിത്തീരു മെന്ന വിചാരത്തിൽ അക്കാര്വം ആവർത്തിച്ചുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു’ എന്ന് മറ്റൊരെഴുത്തുകാരൻ പറഞ്ഞു. “പത്രങ്ങൾ ചെയ്യുന്ന ഏറ്റവും വലിയ സേവനം, അച്ചടിച്ചത് കണ്ടാൽ അവി ശ്വസിക്കാൻ ജനങ്ങളെ പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നു എന്നതാണ്” എന്നാണ് സാമുവൽ ബട്ലർ പറഞ്ഞത്.

പാർട്ട് – V
23 മുതൽ 24 വരെയുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് 5 സ്കോർ വീതം.

A. 23 മുതൽ 24 ചോദ്യങ്ങളിൽ 1 എണ്ണത്തിന് ഒരു പുറത്തിൽ കവി യാതെ ഉത്തരമെഴുതുക. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 23.
“ജീവിതത്തിന് എന്തെന്തു സംഭാവനകൾ ചെയ്ത ഒരു ജീവിത ത്തിന്റെ അവസാനാധ്യായങ്ങളാണ് ഒരു കുറുകുറുപ്പോടെ അവിടെ വലിച്ചു കഴിയുന്നത്.!” (പ്ലാവിലക്കഞ്ഞി)
കോരന്റെ അച്ഛനെപ്പോലെ ദുരിതങ്ങൾ മാത്രം അനുഭവിക്കുന്ന വരായിരുന്നോ കർഷകത്തൊഴിലാളികൾ? സൂചനയോടൊപ്പം പ്ലാവിലക്കഞ്ഞി എന്ന പാഠഭാഗവും ആനുകാലിക സംഭവങ്ങളും വിശകലനം ചെയ്ത് ‘കർഷകരുടെ പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ-അന്നും’ ഇന്നും എന്ന വിഷയത്തിൽ പ്രഭാഷണം തയ്യാറാക്കുക.
Answer:
‘കർഷകരുടെ പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ – അന്നും ഇന്നും’
മാന്യരെ,
കേരളം ദൈവത്തിന്റെ സ്വന്തം നാടാണ്. നമ്മൾ കൃഷിയെ ആശ്ര യിച്ചാണ് ജീവിക്കുന്നത്. പക്ഷേ പ്രാചീനകാലത്തെ കർഷകർ ഒത്തിരി പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ നേരിട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഇത് വെളിപ്പെടുത്തുന്ന തകഴി ശിവശങ്കരപ്പിള്ളയുടെ നോവൽ ആണ് ‘രണ്ടിടങ്ങഴി’. പകലന്തി യോളം പണിയെടുക്കുന്ന തൊഴിലാളിക്ക് ഭക്ഷണത്തിനുള്ള നെല്ലു പോലും കൂലിയായി നൽകാത്ത ജന്മിയുടെ മനോഭാവമ നാണ് പണ്ട് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. എങ്കിൽ ഇന്ന് നേരെ മറിച്ചാണ് ‘പാടത്ത് പണിയും വരമ്പത്ത് കൂലിയും’ ആണ്. തൊഴിലാളിക ളുടെ അധ്വാനഫലം രാത്രിയുടെ മറവിൽ കരിഞ്ചന്തയിൽ മറിച്ചു വിൽക്കുന്ന രീതിയായിരുന്നു പണ്ട് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. ഇന്ന് കർഷ തൊഴിലാളി ഉൽപാദിപ്പിക്കുന്ന സാധനത്തിന് സർക്കാർ ന്യായമായ വില നൽകി വാങ്ങുന്നു. പണ്ട് അസംഘടിതമായ തൊഴിലാളി വർഗമാണ് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നതെങ്കിൽ ഇന്ന് സംഘടിത മായ തൊഴിലാളി വർഗ്ഗമാണ് ഉള്ളത്. ആയിരക്കണക്കിന് പറ നെല്ല് ഉല്പാദിപ്പിക്കുന്ന തൊഴിലാളികൾക്ക് ഒരുനേരം പോലും വയർ നിറയെ ഭക്ഷണം കഴിക്കാനില്ലാത്ത അവസ്ഥയാണ് പണ്ട് ഉണ്ടാ യിരുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ ഇന്ന് ആർഭാടപരമായ ജീവിതമാണ് കർഷക തൊഴിലാളികൾ നയിക്കുന്നത്. ഉപഭോഗ സംസ്കാരത്തിന്റെ പിന്നാലെ പോകുന്നവരാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ കർഷകർ.

Question 24.
“അങ്ങനെ മുകളിൽ നിന്നു കീഴോട്ടൂർന്നിറങ്ങുന്ന മാർക്കോസും താഴെ നിന്നു മേലോട്ടു വളരുന്ന മത്തായിയും അയൽക്കാരായി പാർത്തു. രണ്ടുപേർക്കും അവരവരുടെ കാര്യമായി. ചെറുപ്പ ത്തിലെ ചെങ്ങാത്തം തേഞ്ഞുമാഞ്ഞു.” (കോഴിയും കിഴവിയും)
സാമ്പത്തികമായ അതിമോഹങ്ങൾ സംഘർഷങ്ങൾക്ക് കാരണാ കുന്നുണ്ടോ? കോഴിയും കിഴവിയും എന്ന കഥയുടെ അടിസ്ഥാ നത്തിൽ പ്രതികരണക്കുറിപ്പ് തയ്യാറാക്കുക.
Answer:
സാമ്പത്തികമായ അതിമോഹങ്ങൾ സംഘർഷങ്ങൾക്ക് കാരണ മാകുന്നു. ഇതിന് ഉദാഹരണമാണ് കാരൂർ നീലകണ്ഠപ്പിള്ളയുടെ ‘കോഴിയും കിഴവിയും’ എന്ന കഥ. ചെറുകഥാ പ്രസ്ഥാനത്തിന്റെ തലതൊട്ടപ്പനായിരുന്ന കാരൂർ നീല കണ്ഠപിള്ളയുടെ ചെറുകഥയാണ് കോഴിയും കിഴവിയും. സാധാ രണക്കാരുടെ ജീവിതപ്രശ്നങ്ങളെ ലളിതമായും രസകരമായും അവതരിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിൽ കാരൂർ സമർത്ഥനായിരുന്നു. അയൽവാ സികളായ രണ്ടു കുടുംബങ്ങളിൽ ഉണ്ടാകുന്ന നിസ്സാര സംഭവ ങ്ങൾ എങ്ങനെ ഗൗരവമുള്ളതായി തീരുന്നു എന്ന് കോഴിയും കിഴവിയും കഥയിലൂടെ കഥാകൃത്ത് ആവിഷ്ക്കരിക്കുന്നു. കോഴിയിറച്ചി തിന്നാനുള്ള മോഹം കൊണ്ടാണ് കോഴിയെ കൊല്ലു ന്നത്. അതിന്റെ ജീവൻ പോകുന്നതുകാണുമ്പോൾ ഒരു ജീവി യുടെ ജീവൻ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനെക്കുറിച്ചല്ല കൊല്ലുന്നതിനേക്കു റിച്ചാണ് ചിന്തിക്കുന്നത്, പകരം ഇറച്ചിയുടെ സ്വാദിനെക്കുറിച്ചാ ണ്. സ്വന്തം വയറുനിറയ്ക്കാനായി ഏതു ഹീനകൃത്യവും ചെയ്യാൻ മനുഷ്യനു മടിയില്ല.