Prasanna

Students can Download Chapter 6 Introduction to Programming Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions Chapter 6 Introduction to Programming

Plus One Computer Application Introduction to Programming 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
From the following which is ignored by the compiler
a) statement
b) comments
c) loops
d) None of these
Answer:
b) comments

Question 2.
Multi line comment starts with ____ and ends with
a) /’ and’/
b)*/and/*
c) /* and*/
d)’/ and /’
Answer:
c) /* and*/

Question 3.
Single line comment starts with _____.
a) **
b)@@
c) */
d) //
Answer:
d) //

Question 4.
Alvin wants to store the value of π From the following which is correct declaration
a) char pi=3.14157
b) const int pi=3.14157
c) const float pi=3.14157
d) long pi=3.14157
Answer:
c) const float pi=3.14157

Question 5.
To store 70000 which modifier is used with int.
a) long
b) short
c) big
d) none of these
Answer:
a) long

Question 6.
To store 60000 which modifier is used with int.
a) unsigned
b) short
c) big
d) none of these
Answer:
a) unsigned

Question 7.
Consider x++(post fix form). Select the correct definition from the following
a) The operation is performed after the value is . used
b) The operation is performed before the value is used
c) First change then use
d) None of these
Answer:
a) The operation is performed after the value is used

Question 8.
Consider ++x(pre fix form). Select the correct definition from the following
a) The operation is performed after the value is used
b) The operation is performed before the value is used
c) First use then change
d) None of these
Answer:
b) The operation is performed before the value is used

Question 9.
Consider the following
int a=10;
float b=4;
cout<<a/b;
We know that the result is 2.5 a float. What type of conversion is this ?
a) type promotion
b) type casting
c) explicit conversion
d) None of these
Answer:
a) type promotion(implicit conversion)

Question 10.
From the following which has the major priority?
a) ++
b) =
c) ==
d) &&
Answer:
++

Question 11.
From the following which has the major priority?
a) ++
b) =
c) ==
d) &&
Answer:
++

Qn. 11
One of your friend told you that post increment (eg:x++) has more priority than, pre increment (eg: ++x).
State True / False
Answer:
It is true.

Question 12.
Emerin wants to store a constant value. Which key word is used for this?
Answer:
constant.

Question 13.
Suppose x= 5. Then cout<<x++ displays _____.
Answer:
Here post increment first use the value then incremented

Question 14.
Suppose x= 5. Then cout<<++x displays _____.
Answer:
6. Here pre increment first incremented and then use the value.

Question 15.
Pick the odd one out :
a) long
b) short
c) unsigned
d) int
Answer:
d) int. it is fundamental data type and the others are type modifiers

Question 16.
Memory size and sign can be changed using ______ with fundamental data types.
Answer:
Type modifiers

Question 17.
“Its value does not change during execution”. What is it?
Answer:
constant.

Question 18.
“BVM HSS” is called ______.
а) integer constant
b) float constant
c) string constant
d) None of these
Answer:
c) string constant

Question 19.
he address of a variable is called ______.
Answer:
L-value (Location value) of a variable

Question 20.
The content of a variable, is called _____.
Answer:
R-value (Read value) of a variable

Question 21.
Suppose the address of a variable age is 1001 and the content i.e. age = 33. Then what is R-value and L-value?
Answer:
R-value is 33 and L-value is 1001

Question 22.
is it possible to declare a variable as and when a need arise . What kind of declaration is this ?
Answer:
Yes.lt is known as Dynamic declaration

Question 23.
In the following program, some lines are missing. Fill the missing lines and complete it.
#include<iostream.h>
{
4 int num1, num2, sum;
Cout<<“Enter two numbers:”;
…………..
…………
Cout<<“sum of numbers are=”<<sum;
}
Answer:
The correct program is given below.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int num1,num2,sum;
cout<<“Enter two numbers:”;
cin>>num1>>num2;
sum=num1+num2;
cout<<“Sum of numbers are=”<<sum;
}

Question 24.
The following program finds the sum of three numbers. Modify the program to find the average. . (Average should display fractional part also.)
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ( )
{
int x, y, z, result;
cout<<“Enter values for x, y, z”;
cin>>x>>y>>z;
result=x+y+z;
cout<<“The answer is =”<<result;
return 0;
}
Answer:
float result
result = (x + y + z) / 3.0;

Question 25.
Some of the C++ statements given below are invalid. ,
i) cin>>m, n;
ii) a + b = c;
iii) void p;
iv) cout<<28;
Identify them from the following alternatives:
a) Statement (i) and (ii) only
b) Statement (Ii) and (iii) only
c) Statement (i), (ii) and (iii) only
d) All the statements
Answer:
c) Statement (i); (ii) and (iii) only

Question 26.
Which one of the following is NOT a valid C++ statement?
a) x = x+ 10;
b) x + = 10;
c)x+10 = x;
d) x=10 + x;
Answer:
c)x+10 = x;

Plus One Computer Application Introduction to Programming 2 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you mean by pre processor directive?
Answer:
A C++ program starts with the pre processor directive i.e., # include, #define, #undef, etc, are such a pre processor directives. By using #include we can link the header files.that are needed to use the functions. By using #define we can define some constants.
Eg: #define x 100.
Here the value of x becomes 100 and cannot be changed in the program.

Plus One Computer Application Introduction to Programming 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
We know that a program has a structure. Explain the structure of C++program.
Answer:
A typical C++ program would contain four sections as shown below.
Include files
Function declarations
Function definitions
Main function programs
Eg:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int sum(int x, int y)
{
return (x+y);
}
int main( )
{
cout<<sum(2,3);
}

Question 2.
Write a program to print a message as” Hello, Welcome to C++”.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
cout<<” Hello, Welcome to C++”;
}

Question 3.
Following is a sample C++ program. Identify the errors if any in the structure. Correct the program..
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main [ ]
{
*/ It is a simple program */
Cout<< “Welcome to C++”
Cout<< “The End” .
}
Answer:
The multi line comment used in this program is wrong. So the correct code is as follows
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ( )
{
/* It is a simple program */
cout<< “Welcome to C++”
cout<< “\nThe End”
}

Question 4.
Write a program to read two numbers and find its sum.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n1,n2,sum;
cout<<“Enter two numbers”;
cin>>n1>>n2;
sum=n1+n2;
cout<<“The sum of “<<n1<<” and “<<n2<<” is “<<sum;
}

Question 5.
Write a program to read three scores and find the average.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main( )
{
ints1,s2,s3;
float avg;
cout<<“Enter the three scores”;
cin>>s1>>s2>>s3;
avg=(s1 +s2+s3)/3.0;
cout<<“The average CE score is “<<avg;
}

Question 6.
Write a program to find the area and perimeter of a circle.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
const float pi=3.14157;
float r,area,perimeter;.
cout<<“Enter the radius of a circle”;
cin>>r;
area=pi*r*r;
perimeter= 2*pi*r;
cout<<“Area of the circle is”<<area<<“\nPerimeter of the circle is “<<perimeter;
}

Question 7.
Write a program to find the simple interest.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std; ,
int main( )
{
float p,n,r,si;
cout<<“Enter the Principal amount”;
cin>>p;
cout<<“Enter the number of years”;
cin>>n;
cout<<“Enter the rate of interest”;
Cin>>r;
si=p*n*r/100;
cout<<“Simple interest is “<<si;

Question 8.
Write a program to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
float c,f;
cout<<“Enter the Temperature in Celsius:”;
cin>>c;
f=1,8*c+32;
cout<<c<<” Degree Celsius = “<<f<<” Degree Fahrenheit”;
}

Question 9.
Write a program to read weight in grams and convert it into Kilogram.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
float gm.kg;
cout<<“Enter the weight in grams:”;
cin>>gm; kg=gm/1000;
cout<<gm<<” grams = “<<kg<<” Kilograms”;
}

Question 10.
Write a program to generate the following table.

Use a single cout statement for output
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
cout<<“2013\t100%\n2012\t99.9%\n2011 \t95.5%\n2010\ t90.81 %\n2009\t85%”;
getch( );
}

Question 11.
Write a program to read your height in meter and cm convert it into Feet and inches
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int m,cm;
float inch;
int feet;
cout<<“Enter your height in Centimeter:”;
cin>>cm;
cout<<” Your height is “<<cm/100<<” Meters and “<<cm%100<<” cm \n”;
inch=cm/2.54;
feet=inch/12;
inch=(int)inch%12;
cout<<feet<<“feet and”<<inch<<” inch”;
}

Question 12.
Write a program to find the area of a triangle Triangle .
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
intb,h;
float area;
cout<<“Enter values for b and h”;
cin>>b>>h;
area=0.5*b*h;
cout<<“The area of the triangle is “<<area;
}

Question 13.
Write a program to find simple interest and compound interest.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cmath>
int main( )
{
float p,n,r,si,ci;
cout<<“Enter the Principal amount”;
cin>>p;
cout<<“Enter the number of years”;
cin>>n;
cout<<“Enter the rate of interest”;
cin>>r;
si=p*n*r/100;
ci=p*pow((1+r/100),n)-p;
cout<<“Simple interest is “<<si;
cout<<“\nThe compound interest is “<<ci;
}

Question 14.
Write a program to
i) print ASCII for a given digit
ii) print ASCII for backspace.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
char ch;
intasc.bak;
cout<<“Enter a digit:”;
cin>>ch;
asc=ch;
cout<<“ASCII for “<<ch<<” is “<<asc;
bak=’\b’;
cout<<“\nASCII for backspace is “<<bak;
}

Question 15.
Write a program to read time in seconds and convert it into hours, minutes and seconds .
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
long h,m,s;
cout<<“Enter the time in seconds:”;
cin>>s;
h=s/3600;
s=s%3600;
m=s/60.;
s=s%60;
cout<<h<<” hr:”<<m<<” min:”<<s<<” secs”;
}

Question 16.
Consider the following ‘
int a=45.65;
cout<<a;
What is the output of the above. Is it possible to convert a data type to another type? Explain.
Answer:
The output of the code is 45, the floating point number is converted into integer. It is possible to convert a data type into another data type. Type conversions are two types.
1) Implicit type conversion : This is performed by C++ compiler internally. C++ converts all the lower sized data type to the highest sized operand. It is known as type promotion. Data types are arranged lower size to higher size is as follows, unsigned int(2 bytes) ,int(4 bytes),long(4 bytes) , unsigned long(4 bytes), float(4 bytes), double(8 bytes), long double(10 bytes)

2) Explicit type conversion : It is known as type casting. This is done by the programmer. The syntax is given below.
(data type to be converted) expression
Eg. intx=10;
(float)’x; This expression converts the data type of the variable from integer to float.

Question 17.
Match the following numbers and data types in C++ to form the most suitable pairs.

1)	142789	a)	Signed
2)	240	b)	Double
3)	-150	c)	Long int
4)	8.4×10-4000	d)	Float
5)	0	e)	Long double
6)	0.0008	f)	Unsigned short
7)	-127	g)	Short int
8)	2.8×10308	h)	Signed char

Answer:

1)	142789	a)	Long int
2)	240	b)	Short int
3)	-150	c)	Signed
4)	8.4×10-4000	d)	Long double
5)	0	e)	Unsigned short
6)	0.0008	f)	Float
7)	-127	g)	Signed char
8)	2.8×10308	h)	Double

Question 18.
Determine the data type of the following expression.
If a is an int, b is a float, c is a long int and d is a double
\(\frac{(1-a c)^{25}}{(c-d)}+\frac{(b+a) / c}{(l o n g)(a+d)}\)
Answer:
In type promotion the operands with lower data type will be converted to the highest data type in the expression. So consider the following,

=double + long
= double (Which is the highest data type)

Question 19.
What is implicit type conversation? Why it is called type promotion?
Answer:
Type conversion : Type conversions are of two types.
1) Implicit type conversion: This is performed by C++ compiler internally. C++ converts all the lower sized data type to the highest sized operand. It is known as type promotion. Data types are arranged lower size to higher size is as follows, unsigned int(2 bytes), int(4 bytes),long (4 bytes) , unsigned long (4 bytes), float(4 bytes), double(8 bytes), long double(10 bytes)

Question 20.
Area of a circle is calculated using the formula πr², where π =3.14 and r is the radius of the circle. Fill in the blanks in the following program which finds the area of a circle.
void main ( )
{
int area,‘rad;
cout<<“Enter the radius”;
cin ………..
area = …………
cout …………
}
Answer:

Question 21.
With the help of an example, explain type casting in C++ programs?
Answer:
The output of the code is 45, the floating point number is converted into integer. It is possible to convert a data type into another data type. Type conversions are two types.
1) Implicit type conversion : This is performed by C++ compiler internally. C++ converts all the lower sized data type to the highest sized operand. It is known as type promotion. Data types are arranged lower size to higher size is as follows.
unsigned int(2 bytes) ,int(4 bytes),long(4 bytes) , unsigned long(4 bytes), float(4 bytes), double(8 bytes), long double(10 bytes)

2) Explicit type conversion : It is known as type casting. This is done by the programmer. The syntax is given below.
(data type to be converted) expression .
Eg. int x=10;
(float) x; This expression converts the data type of the variable from integer to float.

Question 22.
Comments in a program are ignored by the complier. Then why should we include comments? Write the methods of writing comments in a C++ program.
Answer:
To give tips in between the program comments are used. A comment is not considered as the part of program and cannot be executed. There are 2 types of comments single line and multiline.
Single line comment starts with //(2 slashes) but multi line comment starts with /* and ends with */

Question 23.
if A = 5, B = 4, C = 3, D = 4, then what is the result in X after the following operation?
X=A+B-C*D
OR
Is there any difference between (a) and (b) by considering the following statement?
char Gender;
a) Gender = ‘M’;
b) Gender = “M”;
Answer:
X=A+B-C*D
=5+4-3*4
=5+4-12(Reason :Multiplication has more priority than addition and subtraction).
=9-12
= – 3
OR
a) character constant ‘M’ is stored in the variable Gender.
b)“M” is a string constant hence it cannot be assigned by using an assignment operator. Use string function as follows strcpy(Gender,”Mn);

Plus One Computer Application Introduction to Programming 5 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Two pairs C++ expressions are given below.
i) a=10 a==10
ii) b=a++, b=++a
a) How do they differ?
b) What will be the effect of the expression ?
Answer:
i) = is an assignment operator that assigns a value 10 to the LHS (Left Hand Side)variable a But == is equality operator that checks whether the LHS and RHS are equal or not. If it is equal it returns a true value otherwise false .
ii) In a++ , ++ is a post(means after the operand) increment operator and in ++a, ++ is a pre(means before the operand) increment operator. They are entirely different.
Post increment
Here first use the value of ‘a’ and then change the value of ‘a’.
Eg: if a=10 then b=a++. After this statement b=10 and a=11
Pre increment
Here first change the value of a and then use the value of a.
Eg: if a=10 then b=++a. After this statement b=11 anda=11

Students can Download Chapter 5 Data Types and Operators Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions  Chapter 5 Data Types and Operators

Plus One Computer Application Data Types and Operators 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
________ is the main activity carried out in computers
Answer:
Data processing

Question 2.
The data used in computers are different. To differentiate the nature and size of data _____is used.
Answer:
Data types

Question 3.
Classify the following data types.
int
array
function
char
pointer
void
float
double
structure
Answer:
Fundamental data types
int
float
double
void
char
Derived data types
array
function
pointer
structure

Question 4.
Sheela wants to store her age. From the following which is the exact data type.
a) void
b) char
c) int
d) double
Answer:
c) int

Question 5.
Integer data type uses Integer data type ;
a) 5
b) 2
c) 3
d)4
Answer:
d)4

Question 6.
char data type uses ______ bytes of memory
a) 1
b) 3
c) 7
d) 8
Answer:
a)1

Question 7.
From the following which data type uses 4 bytes of memory
a) float
b) short
c) char
d) double
Answer:
a) float

Question 8.
Expand ASCII _______.
Answer:
American Standard Code for Information Inter-change

Question 9.
Ramu wants to store the value of From the fol-lowing which is correct declaration
a) char pi=3.14157
b) int pi=3.14157
c) float pi=3.14157
d) long pi=3.14157
Answer:
c) float pi=3.14157

Question 10.
From the following which is not true , to give a variable name.
a) Starting letter must be an alphabet
b) contains digits
c) Cannot be a key word
d) special characters can be used
Answer:
d) special characters can be used

Question 11.
Pick a valid variable name from the following
a) 9a
b) float
c)age
d) date of birth
Answer:
c)age

Question 12.
To perform a unary operation how many number of operands needed?
a) 2
b)3
c) 1
d) None of these
Answer:
c) 1 (Unary means one)

Question 13.
To perform a binary operation how many number of operands needed?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1
d) None of these.
Answer:
a) 2 (binary means two)

Question 14.
To perform a ternary operation how many number of operands needed?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1
d) None of these.
Answer:
b) 3 (eg: ternary means three)

Question 15.
In C++ 13% 26 =
a) 26
b) 13
c) 0
d) None of these
Answer:
% is a mod operator i.e, it gives the remainder. Here the remainder is 13.

Question 16.
In C++ 41/2 =
a) 20.5
b) 20
c) 1
d) None of these
Answer:
b) 20. (The actual result is 20.5 but both 41 and 2 are integers so .5 must be truncated)

Question 17.
++ is a ______ operator
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Ternary
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Unary.

Question 18.
Conditional operator is ______ operator
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Ternary
d)None of these
Answer:
c) Ternary

Question 19.
% is a operator ______.
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Ternary
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Binary

Question 20.
State true or false:
a) Multiplication, division, modulus have equal priority.
b) Logical and (&&) has less priority than logical or ( )
Answer:
a) True
b) False

Question 21.
_____ is composed of operators and operands.
a) expression
b) Key words
Identifier
d) Punctuators
Answer:
a) expression

Question 22.
Supply value to a variable at the time of declaration is known as _____.
Answer:
Initialisation

Question 23.
From the following which is initialisation
a) int k;
b)int k=100;
c) int k[10];
d) None of these
Answer:
b) int k=100;

Question 24.
State True / False
In an expression all the operands having lower size are converted(promoted) to the data type of the highest sized operand.
Answer:
True

Question 25.
Classify the following as arithmetic / Logical expression
a) x+y*z
b) xz
c) x/y
d) x>89 || y<80
Answer:
a) and c) are Arithmetic
b) and d) are Logical

Question 26.
Suppose x=5 and y=2 then what will be cout<<(float) x/y
Answer:
2.5 The integer x is converted to float hence the result.

Question 27.
Consider the following.
a = 10;
a =100;
Then a =
a) a = 100
b) a = 50
c)a = 10
d) a = 20
Answer:
a) a = 100. This short hand means a = a*10

Question 28.
Consider the following.
a=10 ;
a+=10;
Then a=
a) a= 30
b) a= 50
c)a=10
d) a=20
Answer:
d) a=20. This short hand means a=a+10

Question 29.
Pick the odd one out
a) structure
b) Array
c) Pointer
d) int
Answer:
d) int, it is fundamental data type the others are derived data types

Question 30.
From the following select not a character of C++ language
a) A
b) 9
c)\
d)@
Answer:
d)@

Question 31.
Consider the following
float x=25.56; cout<<(int)x; Here the data type of the variable is converted. What type of conversion is this?
a) type promotion
b) type” casting
c) implicit conversion
d) None of these
Answer:
b) type casting (explicit conversion)

Question 32.
Identify the error in the following C++ statement and correct it.
Answer:
The maximum number that can store in short type is less than 32767. So to store 68000 we have to use long data type.

Question 33.
Consider the following statements in C++ if(mark>=18)
cout<<“Passed”; ’
else ,
cout<<“Failed”;
Suggest an operator in C++ using which the same , output can be produced.
Answer:
Conditional operator (?:)

Plus One Computer Application Data Types and Operators 2 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Analyses the following .statements and write True or False. Justify
i) There* is an Operator in C++ having no special character in it
ii) An operator cannot have more than 2 operands
iii) Comma operator has the lowest precedence
iv) All logical operators are binary in nature
v) It is not possible to assign the constant 5 to 10 different variables using a single C++ expression
vi) In type promotion the operands with lower data , type will be converted to the highest data type in expression.
Answer:
i) True (size of operator)
ii) False( conditional operator can have 3 operands
iii) True
iv) False
v) False(Multiple assignment is possible,
eg: a=b=c=…..= 5
vi) True

Question 2.
Consider the following declaration.
const int bp;
bp = 100;
Is it valid? Explain it?
Answer:
This is not valid. This is an error. A constant variable cannot be modified. That is the error and a constant variable must be initialised. So the correct declaration js as follows, const int bp=100;

Question 3.
Consider the following statements in C++
1) cout<<41/2;
2) cout<<41/2.0; Are this two statements give same result? Explain?
Answer:
This two statements do not give same results. The first statement 41/2 gives 20 instead of 20.5. The reason is 41 and 2 are integers. If two operands are integers the result must be integer, the real part must be truncated. To get floating result either one of the operand must be float. So the second statement gives 20.5. The reason is 41 is integer but 2.0 is a float.

Question 4.
If mark = 70 then what will be the value of variable result in the following result = mark > 50 ? ’P’: ‘F’;
Answer:
The syntax of the conditional operator is given below Condition? Value if true: Value if false;
Here the conditional operator first checks the condition i.e.,70>50 it is true. So ‘P’ is assigned to the variable result.
So the result is ‘P’

Question 5.
Is it possible to initialise a variable at the time of execution. What kind of initialisation is this? Give an example
Answer:
Yes it is possible. This is known as Dynamic initialisation.. The example is given below
Eg: int a=10,b=5;
int c=a*b;
here the variable c is declared and initialised with the value 10*5.

Question 6.
Boolean data type is used to store True / False in C++. Is it true? Is there any data type Called Boolean in C++?
Answer:
No there is no data type for storing boolean value true / false.
But in C++ non -zero (either negative or positive) is treated as true and zero is treated as false.

Question 7.
Consider the following
n=-15;
if (n)
cout<<“Hello”;
else
cout<<“hai”;
What will be the output of the above code?
Answer:
The Output is Hello, because n = – 15 a non zero number and it is treated as true hence the result.

Question 8.
Is it possible to declare a variable in between the program as and when the need arise.? Then what is it?
Answer:
Yes it is possible to declare a variable in between the program as and when the need arise. It is known as dynamic initialisation.
Eg. int x=10,y=20;
…………..;
…………
int z=x*y

Question 9.
char ch;
cout<<“Enter a character”; cin>>ch;
Consider the above code, a user gives 9 to the variable ‘ch’. Is there any problem? Is it valid?
Answer:
There is no problem and it is valid since 9 is a character. Any symbol from the key board is treated as a character.

Question 10.
“With the same size we can change the sign and range of data”. Comment on this statement.
Answer:
With the help of type modifiers we can change the sign and range of data with same size. The important modifiers are signed, unsigned, long and short.

Question 11.
Write short notes about C++ short hands?
Answer:
x=x + 10 can be represented as x+=10, It is called short hands in C++. It is faster.
This is used with all the arithmetic operators as follows.

Question 12.
What is the role of ‘const’ modifier? ‘
Answer:
This ‘const’ key word is used to declare a constant, Eg. const int bp=100;
By this the variable bp is treated as constant and cannot be possible to change its value during execution.

Question 13.
Specify the most appropriate data type for handling the following data.
i) Rollno. of a student.
ii) Name of an employee.
iii) Price of an article.
iv) Marks of 12 subjects
Answer:
i) short Rollno;
ii) char name[20];
iii) float price;
iv) short marks[12j;

Question 14.
Write C++ statement for the following.
a) The result obtained when 5 is divided by 2.
b) The. remainder obtained when 5 is divided by 2.
Answer:
a) 5/2
b) 5%2

Question 15.
Predict the output.justify
int k = 5,
b = 0;
b = k++ + ++k;
cout<<b;
Answer:
Output is 12. In this statement first it take the value of k in 5 then increment it K++. So first operand for + is 5. Then it becomes 6. Then ++k makes it 7. This is the second operand. Hence the result is 12.

Question 16.
Predict the output.
a) int sum = 10, ctr = 5;
sum = sum + ctr –;
pout<< sum;
b) int sum = 10, ctr = 5;
sum = sum + ++ctr; cout<<sum;
Answer:
a)15
b) 16

Question 17.
Predict the output.
int a; .
float b; .
a = 5;
cout << sizeof(a + b/2);
Answer:
Output is 4. Result will be the memory size of floating point number

Question 18.
Predict the output.
int a, b, c;
a = 5; b = 2;
c = a/b;
cout<<c; Answer: Output is 2. Both operands are integers. So the result will be an integer.

Question 19.
Explain cascading of i/o operations
Answer:
The multiple use of input or output operators in a single statement is called cascading of i/o operators.
Eg: To fake three numbers by using one statement is as follows cin>>x>>y>>z;
To print three numbers by using one statement is
as follows
cout<<x<<y<<z;

Question 20.
Trace out and correct the errors in the following code fragments
i) cout<<“Mark=”45;
ii) cin <<“Hellow World!”; iii) cout>>”X + Y;
iv) Cout<<‘Good'<<‘Moming’
Answer:
i) cout<<“Mark=45”;
ii) cout <<“Hellow World!”;
iii) cout< iv) Cout<<“Good Morning”;

Question 21.
Raju wants to add value 1 to the variable ‘p’ and store the new value in ‘p’ itself. Write four different statements in C++ to do the task.
Answer:
1) P=P+1; 2) p++;(post increment) 3) ++p; (pre increment) 4) p+=1; (short hand in C++)

Question 22.
Read the following code: charstr[30]; cin>>str;
cout<<str; . If we give the input “Green Computing”, we get the . output “Green”. Why is it so? How can you correct that?
Answer:
The input statement cin>> cannot read the space. It reads the text up to the space, i.e. the delimiter is space. To read the text up to the enter key gets( ) or getline( ) is used

Question 23.
Match the following :

Answer:

Question 24.
Write a C++ expression to calculate the value of the following equation.
\(x=\frac{-b+\sqrt{b^{2}-4 a c}}{2 a}\)
Answer:

Question 25.
A student wants to insert his name and school address in the C++ program that he has written. But this should not affect the compilation or execution of the program. How is it possible? Give an example.
Answer:
He can use comments to write this information. In C++ comments are used to write information such as programmer’s name, address, objective of the codes etc. in between the actual codes. This is not the part of the programme.
There are two types of comments.
i) Single line (//) and ii) Multi line (/* and */)
i) Single line (//) : Comment is used to make a single line as a comment. It starts with //.
Eg : //programme starts here.
ii) Multi line (/* and */): To make multiple lines as a comment. It starts with /* and ends with */.
Eg : !* this programme is used to find sum of two numbers.*/

Question 26.
Consider the following C++ statements :
char word (20]
cin>>word;
coUt<<word; gets(word); puts(word); If the string entered is “HAPPY NEW YEAR”, predict the output and justify your answer.
Answer:
cin>>word;
cout<<word;
It displays “HAPPY” because cin takes characters upto the space. That is space is the delimiter for cin. The string after space is truncated. To resolve this use gets ( ) function. Because gets ( ) function reads character upto the enter key.
Hence gets (word);
puts (word);
Displays “HAPPY NEW YEAR”

Question 27.
Write the difference between x = 5 and x ==5 in C++.
Answer:
x = 5 means the value 5 of the RHs is assigned to the LHS variable x . Here = is the assignment operator. But x ==5, ==this is the relational (comparison) operator. Here it checks whether the value of RHS is equal to the value of LHS and this expression returns a boolean value as a result. It is the equality operation.

Question 28.
a) What is the output of the following program?
# include
void main ( )
{
int a;
a = 5+3*5;
cout << a;
}
b) How do 9, ‘9’ and “9” differ in C++ program?
Answer:
Here multiplication operation has more priority than addition.
hence a = 5 + 15 = 20
b) Here
9 is an interger
‘9’ is an character
“9” is a string

Question 29.
Read the following C++ program and predict the output by explaining the operations performed.
#include
void main ( )
{
int a=5, b=3;
cout<<a++ /–b;
cout<<a/ (float) b; . . }
Answer:
Here a = 5 and b = 3 a++ / – – b = 5/2 = 2 That is a++ uses the value 5 and next it changes its value to 6 So a/(float) b = 6/(float)2 = 6/2.0 = 3 So the output, is 2 and 3

Question 30.
What is preprocessor directive statement? Explain. with an example.
Answer:
A C++ program starts with the pre processor directive i.e., # include, #define, #undef, etc, are such a pre processor directives. By using #include we can link the header files that are needed to use the functions. By using #define we can define some constants.
Eg. #define x 100. Here the value of x becomes 100 and cannot be changed in the program. No semicolon is needed.

Question 31.
The following C++ code segment is a part of a program written by Smitha to find the average of 3 numbers. int a, b, c; float avg; cin>>a>>b>>c;
avg=(a+b+c)/3; ‘
cout<<avg; , What will be the output if she inputs 1, 4 and 5? How can you correct it?
Answer:
=(1 +4+5)/3 =10/3 =3.3333 Instead of this 3.3333 the output will be 3. This is because if both operands are integers an integer division will be occurred, that is the fractional part will be truncated. To get the correct out put do as follows
case 1: int a,b,c; is replaced by float a,b,c;
OR
case 2: Replace (a+b+c)/3 by (a+b+c)/3.0;
OR
case 3:Type casting. Replace avg=(a+b+c)/3; by avg=(float)(a+b+c)/3;

Plus One Computer Application Data Types and Operators 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In a panchayath or municipality all the houses have a house number, house name and members. Similar situation is in the case of memory.Explain Answer: The named memory locations are called variable. A variable has three important things 1) variable name : A variable should have a name 2) Memory address : Each and every byte of memory has an address, it is also called location (L) value 3) Content: The value stored in a variable is called content. It is also called Read(R) value.

Question 2.
Briefly explain constants
Answer:
A constant or a literal is a data item its value doe not change during execution. The keyword const is used to declare a constant. Its declaration is as follows , const data type variable name=value; eg.const int bp=100; const float pi=3.14157; const char ch=’a’; const ehar[]=”Alvis”; .
1) Integer literals : Whole numbers withbut fractional parts are known as integer literals, its value does not change during execution. There are 3 types decimal, octal and hexadecimal. Eg. For decimal 100,150,etc For octal 0100,0240, etc For hexadecimal 0x100, 0x1 A,etc
2) Float literals : A number with fractional parts and its value does not change during execution is called floating point literals. Eg. 3.14157,79.78, etc
3) Character literal: A valid C++ character enclosed in single quotes, its value does not change during execution. Eg. ‘m’, ‘f’, etc
4) String literal One or more characters enclosed in double quotes is called string constant. A string is automatically appended by a null character(‘\0’) . Eg. “Mary’s”,”India”,etc

Question 3.
Consider the following statements int a=10,x=20; float b=49000.34,y=56.78; i) a=b; ii) y=x; Is there any problem for the above statements? What do you mean by type compatibility?
Answer:
Assignment operator is used to assign the value of RHS to LHS. Following are the two chances

1) The size of RHS is less than LHS. So there is no problem and RHS data type is promoted to LHS. Here it is compatible.
2) The size of RHS is higher than LHS. Here comes the problem sometimes LHS cannot possible to assign RHS. There may be a chance of wrong answer. Here it is not compatible.
Here
i) a=b; There is an error since the size of . LHS is 2 but the size of RHS is 4.
ii) y=x; There is no problem because the size of LHS is 4 and RHS is 2.

Question 4.
A company has decided to give incentives to their salesman as per the sales. The criteria is given below. If the total sales exceeds 10,000 the incentive is 10% .
i) If the total sales >=5,000 and total sales <10,000, the incentive is 6 % ii) If the total sales >=1,000 and total sales <5,000, the incentive is 3 %
Write a C++ program to solve the above prob-lem and print the incentive after accepting the total sales of a salesman. The program code should not make use of ‘if statement. )
Answer:
#include
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
float sales,incentive;
cout<<“enter the sales”; cin>>sales;
incentive=(sales>10000 ? salesMO: (sales > =5000 ? sales * .06 : (sales >= 1000 ? sales * .03: 0)>>;
cout<<“\nThe incentive is ” << incentive;
}

Question 5.
A C++ program code is given below to find the value of X using the expression
\(x=\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}}{2 a}\)
where a and b are variables
#include
using namespace std;
intmain( )
{
int a;b;
float x ’
cout<<“Enter the values of a and b; cin>a>b;
x=a*a+b*b/2*a;
cout>>x;
}

Predict the type of errors during compilation, execution and verification of the output. Also write the output of two sets of input values
i) a=4 b=8
ii) a=0 b=2
Answer:
This program contains sortie errors and the correct program is as follows.
#include
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int a,b; . . .
float x;
cout<<“Enter the values of a and b”; cin>>a>>b;
x=(a*a+b*b)/(2*a);
cout<<x;
}
The output is as follows
i) a=4 and b= 8 then the output is 10
a=0 and b= 2 then the output is an error divide by zero error(run time error)

Question 6.
A list of data items are given below
45,8.432, M, 0.124,8 , 0, 8.1X 1031, 1010, a, 0.00025, 9.2 X1012O, 0471 ,-846, 342.123E03
a) Categorise the given data under proper headings of fundamental data types in C++
b) Explain the specific features of each data type. Also mention any other fundamental data type for which sample data is not given.
Answer:

b) i) int data type:- It is used to store whole numbers without fractional (decimal point) part. It can be either negative or positive. It consumes 4 bytes (32 bits) of memory.i.e.- 2³² . numbers. That is 2³¹ negative numbers and 2³¹ positive numbers (0 is considered as +ve ) So a total of 2³² numbers. We can store a number in between -2³¹ to + 2³¹-1.

ii) char data type :- Any symbol from the key board, eg. ‘A’ , ‘?’, ‘9’, It consumes one byte( 8 bits) of memory. It is internally treated as integers, i.e. 28 = 256 characters. Each character is having a ASCII code, ‘a’ is having ASCII code 97 and zero is having ASCII code 48.

iii) float data type:- It is used to store real numbers i.e. the numbers with decimal point. It uses 4 bytes(32 bits) of memory. Eg. 67.89, 89.9 E-15.

iv) double data type:- It is used to store very large real numbers. It uses 8 bytes(64 bits) of memory.

v) void data type :- void means nothing. It is used to represent a function returns nothing.

Question 7.
Write valid reasons after reading the following statements in C++ arid comment on their correctness by give reasons.
i) char num=66;
char num =’B’;
ii) 35 and 35L are different
iii) The number 14,016 and OxE are one and the same
iv) Char data type is often said to be an integer type.
v) To store the value 4.15 float data type is preferred over double
Answer:
i) The ASCII number of B is 66. So it is equivalent.
ii) 35 is of integer type but 35L is Long
iii) The decimal number 14 is represented in octal is 016 and in hexadecimal is OxE.
iv) Internally char data type stores ASCII numbers.
v) To store the value 4.15 float data type is better because float requires only 4 bytes while double needs 8 bytes hence we can save the memory.

Question 8.
Suggest most suitable derived data types in C++ for storing the following data items or statements :
rived data type
i) Age of 50 students in a class
ii) Address of a memory variable’
iii) A set of instructions to find out the factorial of a number
iv) An alternate name of a previously defined variable
v) Price of 100 products in a consumer store
vi) Name of a student
Answer:
i) Integer array of size 50
ii) Pointer variable
iii) Function
iv) Reference
v) Float array of size 100
vi) Character array

Question 9.
Considering the following C++ statements.
Fill up the blanks
i) If p=5 and q=3 then q%p is
ii) If E1 is true and E2 is False then E1 && E2 will be
iii) If k=8, ++k <= 8 will be = ______.
iv) If x=2 then (10* ++x) % 7 will be ______.
v) If t=8 and m=(n=3,t-n), the value of m will be ______.
vi) If i=12 the value i after execution of the expression i+=i– + –i will be _____.
Answer:
i) 3
ii) False
iii) False(++k makes k=9. So 9<=8 is false) ‘
iv) 2(++x becomes 3 ,so 10 * 3 =30%7 =2)
v) 5( here m=(n=3,8-3)=(n=3,5), so m=5, The maximum value will take)
vi) Herei=12
i + = i– + -i
here post decrement has more priority than pre decrement. .
So i– will be evaluated first. Here first uses the value then change so it uses the value 12 and i becomes 11
i + =12 + –i
now i =11.
Here the value of i will be changed and used so i~ becomes 10.
i — = 12 + 10
= 22
So i =22+10
i =32
So the result is 32.

Question 10.
The Maths teacher gives the following problem to Riya and Raju.
X=5 + 3*6. Riya got x=48 and Raju got x=23. Who is right and why it is happened ? Write down the operator precedence in detail?
Answer:
Here the answer is x=23. It is because of precedence of operators. The order of precedence of operators are given below.

Here multiplication has more priority than addition.

Question 11.
b) Explain the data types in C++
Answer:
Fundamental data types: It is also called built in data type. They are int, char, float, double and void
i) int data type: It is-used to store whole numbers without fractional (decimal point) part. It can be either negative or positive. It consumes 4 bytes (32 bits) of memory.i.e. 2³² numbers. That is 2³¹ negative numbers and 2³¹ positive numbers (0 is considered as +ve) So a total of 2 numbers. We can store a number in between -2³¹ to + 2³¹1.

ii) char data type: Any symbol from the key board,
eg. ‘A’,’?’, ‘9’ It consumes one byte(8 bits) of memory. If is internally treated as integers, i.e. 2⁸ = 256 characters. Each character is having a ASCII code, ‘a’ is having ASCII code 97 and zero is having ASCII code,48.

iii) float data type: It is used to store real numbers i.e. the numbers with decimal point. It uses 4 bytes(32 bits) of memory. Eg. 67.89, 89.9 E-15.

iv) double data type: It is used to store very large real numbers. It uses 8 bytes(64 bits) of memory.

v) void data type: void means nothing. It is used to represent a function returns nothing.
User defined Data types : C++ allows programmers to define their own data type. They are Structure(struct), enumeration (enum), union, class, etc.
Derived data types : The data types derived from fundamental data types are called Derived data types. They are Arrays, pointers, functions, etc

Question 12.
Predict the output of the following C++ statements:
int a = -5, b = 3, c = 4;
C+ = a+++ — b; .
cout<<a<<b<<c;
Answer:
a = -4, b = 2 and c = 1

Question 13.
Match the following

Answer:
1. (vi) *
2. (v) &&
3. (ii) >=
4. (iii) >>
5. (i) ++
6. (iv) ?:

Question 14.
Write any five unary operators of C++. Why are they called so?
Answer:
A unary operator is an operator that need only one operand to perform the operation. The five unary operators of C++ are given below.
Unary +, Unary -, ++, – – and ! (not)

Question 15.
Write C++ examples for the following:
a) Declaration statement
b) Assignment statement
c) Type casting
Answer:
a) int age;
b) age= 16;
c) avg=(float)a+b+c/3;

Plus One Computer Application Data Types and Operators 5 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.

Consider the above data, we know that there are different types of data are used in the computer. Explain different data types used in C++.
Answer:
i) int data type: It is used to store whole numbers without fractional (decimal point) part. It can be either negative or positive. It consumes 4 bytes (32 bits) of memory.i.e. 232 numbers. That is 231 negative numbers and 231 positive numbers (0 is considered as +ve) So a total of 232 numbers. We can store a number in between -231 to + 2311.

ii) char data type: Any symbol from the key board,
eg; ’A’.,’?’, ‘9’,…. It consumes one byte( 8 bits) of memory. It is internally treated as integers, i.e. 28 = 256 characters. Each character is having a ASCII code, ‘a’ is having ASCII code 97 and zero is having ASCII code 48.

iii) float data type: It is used to store real numbers i.e. the numbers with decimal point. It uses 4 bytes(32 bit?) of memory.
Eg. 67.89,89.9 E-15.

iv) double data type: It is used to store very large real numbers. It uses 8 bytes(64 bits) of memory.

v) void data type : void means nothing. It is used to represent a function returns nothing.

Question 2.
Define an operator and explain operator in detail.
Answer:
An operator is a symbol that performs an operation. The data on which operations are carried out are called operands. Following are the operators
1) lnput(>>) and output(<<) operators are used to perform input and output operation. Eg. cin>>n;
cout<<n;
2) Arithmetic operators: It is a binary operator. It is used to perform addition(+), subtractionf-), division (/), multiplication (*) and modulus (%- gives the remainder) operations.
Eg. If x=10 and y=3 then

x/y = 3, because both operands are integer, “to get the floating point result one of the operand must be float.
3) Relational operator: It is also a binary opera- tor. It is used to perform comparison or relational operation between two values and it gives either true(1) px false(O). The operators are <,<=,>,>=,== (equallty)and !=(not equal to)
Eg. If x-10 and y=3 then

4) Logical operators : Here AND(&&), OR(||) are binary operators and NOT(!) is a unary operator. It is used to combine relational operation? and it gives either true(1) or false(O).
If x=True and y=False then

Both operands must be true to get a true value in the case of AND(&&) operation If x=True and y=False then

Either one of the operands must be true to get a true value in the case of OR(||) operation If x=True and y=False then

5) Conditional operator: It is a ternary operator hence it needs three operands. The operator is?:. Syntax: expression ? value if true : value if false. First evaluates the expression if it is true the second part wilt be executed otherwise the third part will be executed.
Eg. If x=10 and y=3 then x>y ? cout< Here the output is 10.

6) sizeof( ): This operator is used to find the size used by each data type.
Eg. sizeof(int) gives 2.

7) Increment and decrement operator:  These are unary operators.

a) Increment operator (++): It is used to increment the value of a variable by one i.e., x++ is equivalent to x=x+1;
b) Decrement operator (–) : It is used to decrement the value of a variable by one i.e., x-is equivalent to x = x-1.

8) Assignment operator (=) : lt is used to assign the value of a right side to the left side variable.eg. x=5; Here the value 5 is assigned, to the variable x.

Students can Download Chapter 4 Getting Started with C++ Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions Chapter 4 Getting Started with C++

Plus One Computer Application Getting Started with C++ 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
IDE means _______.
Answer:
Integrated Development Environment

Question 2.
We know that C++ is a high level language. From the following which statement is true.
a) C++ contains English like statements.
b) C++ contains mnemonics
c) C++ contains only 0 and 1
d) None of these
Answer:
a) C++ contains English like statements.

Question 3.
C++ is a language ______.
a) High level
b) Low level
c) Middle level
d) None of these
Answer:
a) High level

Question 4.
C++ was developed at ______.
a) AT & T Bell Laboratory
b) Sanjose Laboratory
c) Kansas University Lab
d) None of these
Answer:
a) At & T Bell Laboratory

Question 5.
C ++ is a successor of ______ language.
a) C#
b) C c
c) Java
d) None of these
Answer:
b) C c

Question 6.
The most adopted and popular approach to write programs is ______.
Answer:
Structured programming

Question 7.
From the following which uses OOP concept _____.
a) C
b) C++
c) Pascal
d) Fortran
Answer:
b) C++

Question 8.
______ is the smallest individual unit
Answer:
Token

Question 9.
Pick the odd one out:
a) float
b) void
c) break
d) Alvis
Answer:
d) Alvis, the others are keywords.

Question 10.
Reserved words for the compiler is _______.
a) Literals
b) Identifier
c) Key words
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Key words

Question 11.
Pick an identifier from the following
a) auto
b) age
c) float
d) double
Answer:
b) age

Question 12.
Pick the invalid identifier
a) name
b) Date of birth
c) age
d) joining time
Answer:
b) Date of birth, because it contains space.

Question 13.
Pick the octal integer from the following
a) 217
b) 0x217
c) 0217
d) None of these
Answer:
c) 0217, an octal integer precedes

Question 14.
Pick the hexa decimal integer from the following
a) 217
b) 0x217
c)0217
d) None of these
Answer:
b) 0x217, an hexa decimal integer precedes Ox

Question 15.
From the following pick a character constant
a)’A’
b)’ALL’
c)’AIM’
d) None of these
Answer:
a) ‘A’, a character enclosed between single quote

Question 16.
Non graphic symbol can be represented by using ______.
Answer:
Escape Sequence

Question 17.
Manish wants to write a program to produce a beep sound. Which escape sequence is used to get an alert (sound)
a) \a
b) \d
c) \s
d)None of these
Answer:
a)\a

Question 18.
Ajo wants to print a matter in a new line. Which escape sequence is used for this?
a) \a
b) \n
c) \s
d)None of these
Answer:
b)\n

Question 19.
To represent null character ____ is used.
a) \n
b) \0
c) \f
d) \s
Answer:
b)\0

Question 20.
State True/ False a string is automatically appended by a null-character.
Answer:
True

Question 21.
From the following pick a string constant .
a) ‘a’
b) “abc”
c) ‘abc’
d) None of these
Answer:
“abc”, a character constant must be enclosed between double quotes.

Question 22.
C++ was developed by ______.
a) Bjarne stroustrup
b) James Gosling
c) Pascal
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Bjarne stroustrup

Question 23.
From the following which is not a character constant.
а) ‘c’
b) ‘e’
c) ‘d’
d) “c”
Answer:
d) “c”, It is a string constant the others are character constant.

Question 24.
From the following which is a valid declaration.
а) int 91;
b) int x;
c) int 9x;
d) int “x”;
Answer:
b) intx

Question 25.
Symbols used to perform an operation is called _____.
a) Operand
b) Operator
c) Variable
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Operator

Question 26.
Consider the following
C = A + B. Here A and B are called ______.
a) Operand
b) Operator
c) Variable
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Operand

Question 27.
The execution of a program starts at ______ function.
Answer:
main( )

Question 28.
The execution of a program ends with ______ function.
Answer:
main( )

Question 29.
______ is used to write single line comment.
a) //
b) P
c) */
d) None of these
Answer:
a) //

Question 30.
const k=100 means
a) const float k=100
b) const double k=100
c) const int k=100
d)const char k=100
Answer:
c) const int k=100

Question 31.
Qn. 31 ,
Each and every statement in C++ must be end with ______.
a) Semi colon
b) Colon
c) full stop
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Semi colon

Question 32.
From the following select the input operator.
a)>>
b)<< c) >
d) <
Answer:
a)>>

Question 33.
From the following select the output operator.
a)>>
b)<<
c) >
d) <
Answer:
b)<<

Question 34.
From the following which is known as string terminator.
a) ‘\0’
b) ‘\a’
c) ‘\s’
d) ‘\t’
Answer:
a) ‘\0’

Question 35.
Adeline wrote a C++ program namely sum.cpp and she compiled the program successfully with no error. Some files are generated. From the following which file is a must to run the program .
a) sum.exe
b) sum.obj
c) sum.vbp
d) sum.htm
Answer:
a) sum.exe

Question 36.
Adeline wrote a C++ program namely sum.cpp and she compiled the program successfully with no error. Some files are generated namely sum.obj and sum.exe. From this which file is not needed to run the program.
Answer:
sum.obj is not needed and can be deleted.

Question 37.
From the following which is ignored by the compiler.
а) statement
b) comments
c) loops
d) None of these
Answer:
b) comments

Question 38.
To write a C++ program, from the following which statement is a must _____.
a) sum( )
b) main( )
c) #include
d) #include
Answer:
b) main( ).
A C++ program must contains at least one main( ) function.

Question 39.
State True / False .
Comment statements are ignored by the compiler.
Answer:
True .

Question 40
More-than one input / output operator in a single statement is called ________.
Answer:
Cascading of I/O operator

Question 41.
Is 0x85B a valid integer constant in C++? If yes why ?
Answer:
Yes. It is a hexa decimal number

Plus One Computer Application Getting Started with C++ 2 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mr. Dixon declared a variable as follows int 9age. Is it a valid identifier. If not briefly explain the rules for naming an identifier.
Answer:
It is not a valid identifier because it violates the rule
1. The rules for naming an identifier is as follows.
1) It must be start with a letter(alphabet)
2) Under score can be considered as a letter
3) White spaces and-special characters cannot be used.
4) Key words cannot be considered as an identi-fier

Question 2.
How many bytes used to store ‘\a’.
Answer:
To store ‘\a’ one byte is used because it is an escape sequence. An escape sequence is treated as one character. To store one character one byte is used.

Question 3.
How many bytes used to store “\abc”.
Answer:
A string is automatically appended by a null character.
Here one byte for \a (escape sequence).
One byte for character b.
One byte for character c.
And one byte for null character.
So a total of 4 bytes needed to store this string.

Question 4.
How many bytes used to store “abc”.
Answer:
A string is automatically appended by a null character.
Here one byte for a.
One byte for character b.
One byte for character c.
And one byte for null character.
So a total of 4 bytes needed to store this string.

Question 5.
Consider the following code
{
cout<<“welcome to C++”;
}
After you compile this program there is an error called prototype error. Why it is happened? Explain
Answer:
Here we used the output operator cout<<. It is used to display a message “welcome to C++” to use this operator the corresponding header file must be included. We didn’t included the header file hence the error. .

Question 6.
In C++ the size of the string “book” is 5 and that of “book\n” is 6. Check the validity of the above statement. Justify your answer.
Answer:
A string is automatically added by a null character). The null character is treated as one character. So the size of string “book” is 5. Similarly a null character (\0) is also added to “book\n”. \n and \0 is treated as single characters. Hence the size of the string “book\n” is 6.

Question 7.
Pick the odd man out. Justify
TOTSAL, TOT_SAL, totsal5, Tot5_sal, SALTOT, tot.sal,
Answer:
tot.sal. Because it contains a special character dot(,). An identifier cannot contain a special character. So it is not an identifier. The remaining satisfies the rules of naming identifier. So they are valid identifier.

Question 8.
Write a C++ statement to print the following sentence. Justify.
“\ is a special character”
Answer:
cout<<“\\ is a special character” \\ is treated as an escape sequence.

Question 9.
A student type a C++ program and saves it in his personal folder as Sample.cpp. After getting the output of the program, he checks the folder and finds three files namely Sample.cpp, Sample.obj and Sample.exe. Write the reasons for the generation of the two files in the folder.
Answer:
After the compilation of the program sample.cpp, the operating system creates two files if there is no error. The files are one object file (sample.obj) and one executable file(sample.exe). Now the source file(sample.cpp) and object file(sample.obj) are hot needed and can be deleted. To run the program sample.exe is only needed.

Question 10. Mention the purpose of tokens in C++. Write names of any four tokens in C++.
Answer:
Token : It is the smallest individual units similar to a word in English orMalayalam language. C++ has 5 tokens.
1) Keywords
2) Identifier
3) Literals (Constants)
4) Punctuators
5) Operators

Question 11. The following are some invalid identifiers. Specify its reason.
a) Sum of digits
b) 1 year
c) First jan
d) For
Answer:
a) Sum of digits —> space not allowed hence it is invalid
b) 1 year —> First character must be an alphabet hence it is invalid
c) First.jan —> special characters such as dot (.) not allowed hence it is invalid.
d) For —> It is valid. That is it is not the key word for

Question 12.
Some of the literals in C++ are given below. How do they differ? (5, ‘5’, 5.0, “5”)
Answer:
5 – integer literal
‘5’ – Character literal
5.0- floating point literal
“5”- string literal

Question 13.
Identify the invalid literals from the following and write reason for each:
a) 2E3.5
b) “9”
c) ‘hello’
d) 55450
Answer:
a) 2 C 3.5 – The mantissa part (3.5) will not be a floating point number. Hence it is invalid
c) ‘hello’ -> It is a string hence it must be enclosed in double quotes instead of single quotes. It is invalid.

Question 14.
Which one of the following is a user-defined name?
a) Key-word
b) Identifier
c) Escape sequences
d) All of these
Answer:
b) Identifier

Question 15.
Identify whether the following are valid identifiers or not? If not give the reason.
a) Break
b) Simple.interest
Answer:
a) Break – It is valid( break is the keyword, not Break);
b) Simple.interest – It is not valid, because dot(.) is used.

Question 16.
Identify the invalid literals from the following and write a reason for each:
a) 2E3.5
b) “9”
c) ‘hello’
d) 55450
Answer:
a) Invalid, because exponent part should not be a floating point number
b) valid

Plus One Computer Application Getting Started with C++ 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Rose wants to print as follows
\n is used for New Line
Write down the C++ statement for the same.
Answer:
#include
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
cout<<“\\n is used for New Line”;
}

Question 2.
Alvis wants to give some space using escape sequence as follows
Welcome to C++
Write down the C++ statement for the same .
Answer:
#include
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
cout<<“Welcome to \t C++”;
}

Question 3.
We know that the value of pi=3.14157, a constant (literal). What is a constant? Explain it?
Answer:
A constant or a literal is a data item its value doe not change during execution.
1) Integer literals Whole numbers without fractional parts are known as integer literals, its value does not change during execution. There are 3 types decimal, octal and hexadecimal.
Eg. For decimal 100,150,etc
For octal 0100,(5240, etc
For hexadecimal 0x100, 0x1A,etc
2) Float literals A number with fractional parts and its value does not change during execution is called floating point literals.
Eg. 3,14157,79.78,etc
3) Character literal: A valid C++ character enclosed in single

Question 4.
Write a program to print the message “TOBACCO CAUSES CANCER” on screen,
Answer:
#include using namespace std; int main( )
{
cout<<” TOBACCO CAUSES CANCER”;
}

Question 5.
You are supplied with a list of tokens in C++ pro-gram, Classify and Categorise them under proper headings.
Explain each category with its features. tot_mark, age, M5,. …, break,( ), int, _pay, ; , cin
Answer:

Question 6.
Write a program to print the message “SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH” on screen. “SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH”
Answer:
#include
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
cout<<“SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH”;
}

Plus One Computer Application Getting Started with C++ 5 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Consider the following code
The new line character is \n.
The output of the following code does not contain the \n. Why it is happened? Explain.
Answer:
\n is a character constant and it is also known as escape sequence. This is used to represent the non graphic symbols such as carriage return key(enter key), tab key, back space, space bar etc. It consists of a back slash symbol and one more characters.

Question 2.
You are about to study the fundamentals of C++ programming Language. Do a comparative study of the basics of the new language with that of a formal language like English or Malayalam to familiarize C++?. Provide sufficient explanations for the compared items in C++ Language,
Answer:
Character set: To study a language first we have to familiarize the character set. For example to study English language first we have to study the alphabets. Similarly here the character set includes letters(A to Z & a to z), digits(0 to 9), special characters+,-,?,*,/, ) white spaces(non printable)
etc..
Token: It is the smallest individual units similar to a word in English or Malayalam language. C++ has 5 tokens
1) Keywords
Eg: float is used to declare variable to store numbers with decimal point. We can’t use this for any other purpose

2) identifier: These are user defined words. Eg: variable name, function name, class name, object name etc…

3) Literals (Constants): Its value does not change during execution
Eg: In maths π = 3.14157 and boiling point of water is 100.

4) Punctuators: In English or Malayalam language punctuation mark are used to increase the read-ability but here it is used to separate the tokens. Eg:{,},(,)……….

5) Operators: These are symbols used to perform an operation(Arithmetic, relational, logical, etc…)
These are reserved words for the compiler. We can’t use for any other purposes.

Students can Download Chapter 2 Components of the Computer System Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions Chapter 2 Components of the Computer System

Plus One Computer Application Components of the Computer System 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The Tangible parts of a computer is ______.
Answer:
Hardware

Question 2.
The instructions that tell the hardware to perform a task is ______.
Answer:
Software

Question 3.
The brain of the computer is ______.
Answer:
CPU

Question 4.
CPU means _____.
Answer:
Central Processing Unit

Question 5.
ALU is ______.
Answer:
Arithmetic Logic Unit

Question 6.
I am an input device. I can read text or picture on paper and translate into computer usable form. Who am i?
Answer:
Scanner

Question 7.
Odd man out.
Answer:
a) Track ball
b) Joy Stick
c) Scanner
d) LCD
LCD. It is an output device. Others are input device

Question 8.
Odd man out.
a) Inkjet
b) Laser
c) Dot Matrix Printer
d) Thermal
Answer:
Dot Matrix Printer.
It is impact printer others are non impact printers.

Question 9.
The storage capacity of a CD is ______
(a) 1.44 MB
(b) 700 GB
(c) 700 MB
(d) 650 GB IIP
Answer:
700 MB

Question 10.
_______ sheet is used to write answers in Kerala Entrance Exam.
Answer:
OMR Sheet

Question 11.
ABC textile uses ____ reader to input the item and its price.
Answer:
Bar code reader.

Question 12.
________ device senses the presence or absence of a pencil mark.
Answer:
OMR

Question 13.
Name any two printing devices.
Answer:
Mouse and touchpad.

Question 14.
______ is a device that draws pictures on a paper.
Answer:
Plotter.

Question 15.
Primary memory is classified into two What are they?
Answer:
RAM and ROM.

Question 16.
The storage capacity of a DVD is ______.
Answer:
4.7 GB.

Question 17.
Winzip is a ______ utility
Answer:
Compression utility.

Question 18.
Win Rar is a ______ utility
Answer:
Compression utility.

Question 19.
Most commonly used input device is ______.
Answer:
Keyboard or mouse.

Question 20.
Govt decided to conduct a test that contains all objective type questions. Which device is most suitable for evaluation.
Answer:
OMR

Question 21.
______ is used mostly for computer games.
Answer:
Joy stick.

Question 22.
I am an input device. I have a stick with two but-tons called triggers on the top. Who am I?
Answer:
Joy stick.

Question 23.
I am a pointing device. I am a stationary device. Who am I?
Answer:
Touchpad.

Question 24.
In portable computers which pointing device is suitable?
Answer:
Touchpad.

Question 25.
State true or false.
Hard copy devices are very slow compared to soft copy devices.
Answer:
True.

Question 26.
_______ is also called firm ware.
Answer:
ROM.

Question 27.
_______ is acts as an interface between user and computer.
Answer:
Operating system.

Question 28.
is used to create and modify any type of document.
Answer:
Word Processor.

Question 29.
_____ is a set of programs that manage the data base.
Answer:
DBMS.

Question 30.
package contains rows & columns.
Answer:
Spread sheet.

Question 31.
_____ is a presentation package.
Answer:
Power Point.

Question 32.
Your computer teacher asked you to explain the project work done by your group. Which package will help you to do so?
Answer:
Power Point.

Question 33.
_____ is a DTP Package.
(a) Excel
(b) PowerPoint
(c) PageMaker
(d) None of these
Answer:
PageMaker.

Question 34.
DTP is _______.
Answer:
Desk Top Publishing.

Question 35.
______ is designed to help computer for its smooth functioning.
Answer:
Utilities

Question 36.
Customised software is also called ________.
Answer:
Tailor made software.

Question 37.
_______ S/W is used to remove virus from a computer.
Answer:
Anti Virus S/W

Question 38.
Name any anti virus S/W.
Answer:
Norton Anti virus,.McAfee, Avira, AVG

Question 39.
Name the two classifications of output devices.
Answer:
Hard copy and soft copy.

Question 40
Name, the two classification of printers.
Answer:
Impact printer and non-impact printer.

Question 41.
________ gas is used in plasma panels
(a) Oxygen
(b) Neon
(c) Mercury
(d) helium
Answer:
Neon

Question 42.
_______ printers are used in fax machine.
Answer:
Thermal Printers

Question 43.
________ is read / write memory.
Answer:
RAM

Question 44.
______ is of volatile memory
(a) ROM
(b) RAM
(c) CD
(d) DVD
Answer:
RAM

Question 45.
From the following which is expensive?
(a) CD
(b) DVD
(c) HDD
(d) RAM
Answer:
RAM

Question 46.
You want to input your photograph into computer. Which device is used for this?
(a) Scanner
(b) Mouse
(c) OMR
(d) OCR
Answer:
Scanner

Question 47.
The primary memory which is commonly used in electronic billing machines to store price of products is
a) PROM
b) E P R O M
c)E EPROM
d) None of these
Answer:
EPROM

Question 48.
Name any three pointing devices.
Answer:
Mouse, Touchpad and light pen.

Question 49.
You want to print your brother’s resume which printer will you choose. Why ?
Answer:
I will choose either Ink-jet or Laser printer. Because these produce less noise and produce high quality printing output. They are used to print characters as well as graphics (Photos) with very high quality.

Question 50.
The fastest memory in a computer is
Answer:
Registers

Question 51.
The storage capacity of a single layer DVD is ______.
Answer:
4.7 GB

Question 52.
Give two examples for OS.
Answer:
Windows 7, Windows Vista.

Question 53.
A program in execution is called ______.
Answer:
Process.

Question 54.
Name the software that translates assembly language
Answer:
assembler.

Question 55.
DBMS stands for _____.
Answer:
Data Base Management System.

Question 56.
Duplicating disc information is called ______.
Answer:
Backup.

Question 57.
An example of free and open source software is _______.
Answer:
Linux.

Question 58.
The software that gives users a chance to try it before buying is ______.
Answer:
Shareware.

Question 59.
An example of proprietary software is ______.
Answer:
Tally.

Question 60.
Which software is used for calculation?
a) Word processor
b) Spreadsheet
c) Presentation
d) Multimedia
Answer:
b) Spread sheet.

Question 61.
Accumulator stores
a) address of data
b) instruction to be executed
c) address of next instruction to be executed
d) intermediate result
Answer:
d) intermediate result.

Question 62.
If Tracks and Sectors: Hard disk, then _______ Compact disk
Answer:
Pits and Lands (OR) 0 and 1

Question 63.
Which one of the following file extensions is different from others? ,
a) WAV
b) MP3
C) PNG
d) MIDI
Answer:
PNG, the others are audio files.

Question 64.
Which register holds the memory address of next instruction to the executed?
a) Accumulator
b) PC
c) MBR
d) MAR
Answer:
PC

Question 65.
a) Write the following memory devices in the order of their speed, (fastest to slowest order)
i) Cache
ii) RAM
iii) Hard Disk
iv) Registers
b) What do you mean by Freeware and Shareware?
Answer:
a) i) Registers
ii) Cache
iii) RAM
iv) Hard Disk
b) Freeware : A s/w with Copy right is available free of cost for unlimited use.
Shareware : It is an introductory pack distributed on a trial basis with limited functionality and period.

Plus One Computer Application Components of the Computer System 2 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The Higher Secondary Department wishes to conduct an examination for +1 students with multiple choice questions and publish results as soon as possible. Suggest a method to evaluate the answer scripts and publish the results quickily & correctly with the help of computers.
Answer:
OMR has to be used, it senses the presence or absence of a mark (bubbles) using a high density beam then converted into electric signals for computer. It needs good quality expensive paper and accurate alignment of printing on forms.

Question 2.
Remesh is a graphic designer who prepares his drawing using a computer. He desires for an alternative device by which he can draw directly on the screen. Suggest a device for this and explain it working.
Answer:
Light pens are used for this. It consists for a photocell placed in a small tube, it is able to detect the light coming from the screen. Hence locate the exact position on the screen. It is used by graphic designers, illustrators and drafting engineers, with the help of.CAD to draw directly on the screen.

Question 3.
You might have noticed that in some shops billing is done using computers without typing the item name, price, quantity, etc. Mention the device used for entering data and explain its working.
Answer:
A device called Bar Code Reader is used for this. It contains photoelectric scanner that read the bar code and input the information to the computer attached to it. It helps to reduce the errors and process the bills quickly.

Question 4.
Your school has arranged an excursion. You are having an ordinary camera whereas your friend has a digital camera. List the benefits your friend enjoys by using digital camera.
Answer:
1) Digital camera does not need film.
2) More number of shots can take
3) Operational cost is less
4) Very easy to manipulate images in digital form using computers.

Question 5.
A medical shop in your locality wishes to purchase a printer for their billing purpose. Which type of printer will you recommend if carbon copies are to be taken. Justify.
Answer:
Dot Matrix Printer.
To take carbon copies impact printer is a must, operational cost is less and it can print bills in a moderate speed.

Question 6.
Find the exact match.

1	Laser Printer	A	Heat Sensitive Paper
2	Dot Matrix Printer	B	Cartridge
3	Inkjet Printer	C	Ribbon
4	Thermal Printer	D	Toner

Answer:
1-D
2-C
3-B
4-A

Question 7.
Your friend wishes to start § DTP centre with facilities to design posters and notices, to scan pictures and modify them and to print them. What would be your suggestions regarding the computer and peripherals?
Answer:
The requirements are computer, scanner, printer and software.

Question 8.
Find the most appropriate match.

1	1 GB	A	230 bytes
2	220 bytes	B	230 KB
3	220 KB	C	1 MB
4	1 TeraByte	D	210 MB

Answer:
a) 1-D
b) 2-C
c) 3-A
d) 4 – B

Question 9.
Suggest a suitable device for the following.
a) High quality printing
b) High quality drawing
c) Printing with carbon copies
c) Economical printing of small quantities of data
d) data economically
Answer:
a) Non impact – Laser printers, Inkjet
b) Plotter
c) Impact (DMP(Dot Matrix Printer))
d) Dot Matrix Printers

Question 10.
“Not all primary memory is volatile”. Justify this statement.
Answer:
Primary Memory (Main memory) is classified into two RAM and ROM. Out of this RAM is volatile but ROM is non volatile.

Question 11.
Categorise the softwares in the list according to the appropriate classifications given below.’
Answer:
Classification : OS, Compiler, DTP Software, Com-pression software, Word processor
List : Open Office Writer, Photoshop, 7 Zip, MS Word, Unix, C++, PageMaker, Winzip, C, Windows 98,
OS – Unix, Windows 98
Compiler – C, C++
DTP Software – Photoshop, PageMaker
Compression – 7 Zip, Winzip ;
Word Processor – Open Office Writer, MS word

Question 12.
Your friend has just assembled a computer. Now he is provided with installation CD’s of MS Word and Microsoft Windows XP. In what order will he install them? Justify your answer.
Answer:
First he has to install the Microsoft Windows XP because it is the OS, it makes the computer to work other programmes. After that only he can install . MS Word it is a package.

Question 13.
A group of 20 students is given a test in 6 subjects. The examiner wishes to prepare a neatly formatted marklist with total and Rank. Suggest a suitable software to serve this purpose. Give reasons.
Answer:
The spread sheet Excel is a suitable software to serve this purpose. It consists of inbuilt functions, that facilitates to find total and rank easily

Question 14.
A program is written in BASIC, C and assembly language. Mention the difference in converting these programs to machine language.
Answer:
a) C – Compiler
b) BASIC – Interpreter
c) Assembly Language – Assembler

Question 15.
Your friend told you that he has a system. What is a system ? Explain..
Answer:
A computer is also called a system. A computer is not a single unit. It consists of more than one unit such as input unit, output unit, memory unit, ALU and control unit. Therefore a computer is called a system.

Question 16.
What is cache memory?
Answer:
A cache (pronounced cash) memory is a high speed memory placed in between the processor and pri-mary memory to reduce the speed mismatch be-tween these two.

Question 17.
What is the use of program counter register?
Answer:
This register stores the memory address of the next instruction to be executed by the CPU.

Question 18.
What is HDMI?
Answer:
Its full form is High Definition Multimedia Interface. Through this port we can connect high definition quality video and multi channel audio over a single cable.

Question 19.
Give two examples for customized software.
Answer:
1) Pay roll System : It keeps track of details of employee and their salary details-in an organisation
2) Inventory Management System : It keeps tack of all about inventory in a company

Question 20.
What do you mean by free and open source s/w?
Answer:
Here “free” means there is no copy right or licensing. That is we can take copies of the s/w or modify the source code without legal permission of its vendor (creator) we can use and distribute its copy to our friends without permission. That is Freedom to use, to modify and redistribute.

Question 21.
a) What do you mean by cache memory?
b) Write the names of the figures given below.
Answer:
a) It is a high speed memory placed in between . the CPU and RAM. CPU is a high speed memory compared to RAM. There is a speed mismatch between the CPU and RAM to resolve this problem a high speed memory called cache memory is placed in between the CPU and RAM
b) QR code and Bar Code such as input unit, output unit, memory unit, ALU and control unit. Therefore a computer is called a system.

Question 22.
What is the role of students in e-Waste disposal?
Answer:
Students’ role in e-Waste disposal

1. Stop buying unnecessary electronic equipments
2. Repair Faulty electronic equipments instead of buying a new one.
3. Give electronic equipments to recycle
4. Buy durable, efficient, quality, tbxic free, good warranty products
5. check the website or call the dealer if there is any exchange scheme
6. Buy rechargeable battery products

Plus One Computer Application Components of the Computer System 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why is the paper coming from the laser printer hot? Explain.
Answer:
Laser printer uses photocopying technology. It uses a positively charged drum and negatively charged toner (dry powder). A laser beam is used to scan the page to be printed on the drum with positive charge and then rolled through a reservoir of negatively charged toner. It uses a combination of heat and pressure to adhere the dry powder to the paper. That is why, the paper coming from the laser printer is hot.

Question 2.
Explain the process how data from the hard disk is taken to the processor for processing.
Answer:
A processor is a high speed device. It can access data only from the Primary Memory (RAM). So we have to transfer data from hard disk to RAM. We know that a hard disk is a slow device also. So data is first transferred to RAM. A RAM is comparatively slower than processor. To reduce the speed mis-match between the RAM and processor, the data has to transfer to CPU registers. Then the processor takes the data from the CPU register because CPU register has almost equal speed as processor.

Question 3.
Why computer is called as a system?
Answer:
A computer is also called a system. A computer is not a single unit. It consists of more than one unit such as input unit, output unit, memory unit, ALU and control unit. Therefore a computer is called a system.

Question 4.
Differentiate hardware and software.
Answer:
The tangible parts of a computer is called hardware. We can see, touch and feel the hardware in a computer.’
The set of instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task is called software. Without software computer cannot do anything

Question 5.
We all have a brain. Just like this, is the computer has a brain? Explain it?
Answer:
Yes. CPU is the brain of a computer. The CPU comprises three parts ALU, Control Unit and Memory. The control unit control the overall functioning of a system. ALU performs all the arithmetic calculations and takes logical decisions. Memory is used for storage of data for future reference.

Question 6.
Explain the various functions of a control unit.
Answer:
The control unit performs the following functions.
1) It controls data flow between input device. ALU, memory and output devices.
2) Normal execution of a program is line by line. The control unit controls this sequence with the help of ALU and memory.
3) It controls the decoding and interpretation of instructions.

Question 7.
Match the following

Answer:
1-c
2-d
3-f
4-a
5-b
6-e

Question 8.
Write down the full form of the following.
a) VDU
b) OMR
Answer:
a) VDU – Visual, Display Unit
b) OMR – Optical Mark Reader.

Question 9.
We know that a scanner is a hardware. What do you think of a virus scanner ? Explain.
Answer:
We know that a scanner is a hardware but a virus scanner is not a hardware. It is a program. That is a virus scanner is an antivirus software. That scans your disk (HDD, CD, DVD, Pen Drive ) for viruses and removes .them (if it can), if any virus is found.

Question 10.
Your friend told you that a compiler is a hardware. Is it true ? Justify your answer.
Answer:
It- is not true. A compiler is not a hardware but it is a software. A compiler is a collection of programs that translates program written in HLL into machine language

Question 11.
Anil purchased a product from a super market and he found that its wrapper contains light and dark bars. What is the purpose of this ?
Answer:
This light and dark bars are called bar code. It is used to record some details about the product such as item code, name, price etc…. A device called Bar Code Reader contains photo electric scanner that read the bar code and input the information to the computer attached to it. It helps to reduce error arid process the bills quickly.

Question 12.
What are the disadvantages of OMR ?
Answer:
The disadvantages are:
1) It heeds accurate alignment of printing on forms.
2) It needs good quality expensive paper.

Question 13.
Differentiate CRT and LCD (OR) Your friend going to purchase a computer. He asked you which is better, CRT or LCD ? What is your opinion ?
Answer:
The difference between CRT and LCD is given below:

CRT	LCD
It is heavy and bulky	It is neither heavy nor bulky
It consumes more power and emits heat	It consumes less power and’ does not emit heat
It is used in desk top computer	It is used with laptop and desktop
It is cheaper	It is expensive.

So LCD is more better than CRT

Question 14.
While you pressing “A” on the keyboard what is actually stored in the memory ?
Answer:
The keyboard is an electro mechanical device that is designed to Greate electronic codes when a key is pressed and this code is transmitted to the memory through the cable. Here while you pressing “A” on the keyboard, the electronic codes corresponding to the ASCII value 01000001 is transmitting to the memory.

Question 15.
Your family friend started a super market. He asked you, which printer is suitable to print bills. Give your suggestion.
Answer:
According to my opinion, dot matrix printer is most suitable. Because they are capable of faster printing as well as it is cheap also. It’s printing quality is not good but cost per copy is very cheap. Dot matrix printer consists of a ribbon catridge that is cheap and can be changed easily. Here we have to print more copies at a time. So dot matrix is suitable.

Question 16.
Suppose your brother is an engineer. He wants to draw some drawings. Which output device is suitable? Explain.
Answer:
Plotter is suitable for him. A plotter is a device that draws pictures or diagrams on paper based on commands from a computer. Plotters draw lines using a pen. Pen plotters generally use drum or flat bed paper holders. In a drum plotter the paper is mounted on the surface of a drum. Here the paper is rotated. But in a flat bed plotter the paper does not move and the pen holding mechanism provides the motion that draws pictures. Plotters are used in engineering applications where precision is needed.

Question 17.
Match the following.

Answer:
1-b
2-a
3-d
4-e
5-c

Question 18.
There are special purpose storage locations within  the CPU. What are they explain ?
Answer:
Registers are special purpose storage locations within the CPU. They are temporary storage locations. The processing power of a CPU depends on register. Registers appears with storage capacity of 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits an 64 bits. They accept, store and transfer data from the CPU at a very high speed.
Program Counter : This register stores the memory address of the next instruction to be executed by the CPU.
Instruction Register : The instruction to be executed is stored in this register.
Memory Address Register : The address on the memory location from which data has to be read is stored here.
Memory Buffer Register : The data read from the location specified by the MAR is stored in this register.
General Purpose Registers : These are used to store the result and interrpediate results during a processing.

Question 19.
What is an operating system? flag operating system
Answer:
An operating system acts as an interface between user and computer without an operating system computer is a bare machine. That is without an OS computer cannot do anything. The OS not only makes the system convenient to use but also use hardware in an efficient manner,
eg:- Windows XP, Vista, Linux* MS Dos, Windows 7.

Question 20.
We know that a computer only knows low level Ianguage and human beings use high level language.
So how is it possible to communicate? Explain.
Answer:
The language processors translate the programs written in HLL into machine language which is understood by the computer, The different language processors are given below:
i) Assembler : This language processor translates programs written in assembly language into ma-chine language.
ii) Interpreter : This language processor translates < programs written in HLL into machine language by converting and executing it line by line. If there is any error, the execution is stopped we can continue after the correction of the program.
iii) Compiler : This language processor is same as interpreter. But it translates HLL into machine language by converting whole lines at a time. If there is any error, correcting all the errors then only it will execute.

Question 21.
Normally a CD contains 700 MB. Is it possible to store a file with size 1 GB? Explain.
OR
Normally a Car has a seating capacity of 5 persons including the driver. But some adjustments more persons can be accommodated in Car. This is connected with a utility. Which is the utility? Explain.
Answer:
Compression utility is used for this. By using compression utility programs we can reduce the file size upto the one third of the file size. So by using this we can reduce 1GB file and store in a CD. It is provided by the OS. The other compression utility programs are Winzip, WinRar etc. It is possible to compress the files and when needed, these com-pressed files can be uncompressed and it is restored to their original form.

Question 22.
What is a Virus?
Answer:
A virus is a bad program or harmful program to damage routine working of a computer system. It reduces the speed of a computer. It may be delete the useful system files and make the computer useless.

Question 23.
What do you mean by Utilities?
Answer:
Utilities are useful programs which are designed to help computer for its smooth functioning. Some utilities are back up utility, Disk defragmentation. Virus scanner, etc. It is provided by the O.S.

Question 24.
Differentiate RAM and ROM.
Answer:
The difference between RAM and ROM is given below.

RAM	ROM
1. It is Random Access Memory	1. It is Read only Memory
2. It is Read/Write memory	2. We can’t write but we can only read memory.
3. It is temporary	3. It is permanently stored.
4. It is volatile	4. It is non volatile
5. RAM is faster	5. It is slower
6. It is used to store data and instructions needed by CPU for processing	6. It contains instructions to check the hardware components, BIOS operations etc.
	7. It is also called firmware.

Question 25.
Mention any two functions of OS.
Answer:
Major functions of an operating System
i) Process management: It includes allocation and de allocation of processes(program in execution) as well as scheduling system resources in efficient manner
ii) Memory management: It takes care of allocation and de allocation of memory in efficient manner
iii) File management : This includes organizing, naming , storing, retrieving, sharing , protecting and recovery of files.
iv) Device management : Many devices are connected to a computer so it must be handled efficiently.

Question 26.
Give two examples of human ware.
Answer:
(Write any two from the following)
The term refers the persons who use computer System Administrator: It is a person who has central control over the computer systems.
System Managers: He is responsible for all business transactions with all vendors and contractors.
System Analysts: He is responsible to improve the productivity and efficiency.
Database Administrator – It is a person who has a central control over the DBMS.
Computer Engineer: The person design either h/w or s/w of a computer system.
Application Programmer- These are computer professionals who interact with the DBMS through programs.
Computer operators : He is an end user and does not know computer in detail.

Question 27.
Explain how e-waste creates environmental and health problems. What are the different methods for e-waste disposal? Which one is the most effective in your point of view? Why?
Answer:
e-Waste(electronic waste) : It refers to the mal functioning electronic products such as faulty computers, mobile phones, tv sets, toys, CFL, batteries etc.
It contains poisonous substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium etc and may cause diseases if not properly managed.
A small amount is recycled. Due to this our natural resources are contaminated(poisoned). Some of them can recycle properly. But it is a very big problem in front of the Government to collect segregate, recycle and disposal of e-Waste.

e-Waste disposal methods

a) Reuse : Reusability has an important role of e – Waste management and can reduce the volume of e-Waste.
b) Incineration: It is the process of burning e Waste at high temperature in a chimney.
c) Recycling of e-Waste : It is the process of making new products from this e-Waste.
d) Land filling : It is used to level pits and cover b thick layer of soil.

Question 28.
What do you mean by e-waste? Explain the role of students in e-waste disposal.
Answer:
e-Waste(electronic waste) : It refers to the mal functioning electronic products such as faulty computers, mobile phones, tv sets, toys, CFL etc. It contains poisonous substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium etc and may cause diseases if not properly managed.

Students’ role in e-Waste disposal

1. Stop buying unnecessary electronic equipments
2. Repair Faulty electronic equipments instead of buying a new one.
3. Give electronic equipments to recycle
4. Buy durable, efficient, quality, toxic free, good warranty products
5. check the website or call the dealer if there is any exchange scheme
6. Buy rechargeable battery products

Plus One Computer Application Components of the Computer System 5 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write short notes about input devices.
Answer:
An input device is used to supply data to the computer. They are given below:
1) Key board : It is the most widely used device to input information in the form of words, numbers etc. There are 101 keys on a standard key board. The keys on the key board are often classified into alpha numeric keys (A to Z, 0 to 9), function keys (F1 to F12), special purpose keys (Special characters), cursor movement keys (arrow keys). While pressing a key, the corresponding code’s signal is transmitted to the computer.

2) Mouse : It is a pointing device, that controls the movement of the cursor, or pointer as a display screen. A mouse has two or three buttons, it is often used in GUI oriented computers. Under the mouse there is a ball, when the mouse moves on a flat surface this ball also moves. This mechanical motion is converted into digital values that represents x and y values of the mouse movement.

3) Optical Mark Reader (OMR): This device identifies the presence or absence of a pen or pen-cil mark. It is used to evaluate objective {ype exams. In this method special preprinted forms are designed with circles can be marked with dark pencil or ink. A high intensity beam in the OMR converts this into computer usable form and detects the number and location of the pencil marks. By using this we can evaluate easily and reduce the errors.

4) Bar code / Quick Response (QR) code reader: Light and dark bars are used to record item name, code and price is called Bar Code. This information can be read and input into a com-puter quickly without errors using Bar Code Readers. It consists of a photo electric scanner and it is used in super market, jewellery, textiles etc.
QR codes are similar to barcodes but it uses two dimensional instead of single dimensional used in Barcode.

5) Joy Stick: It is a device that lets the user move an object quickly on the screen. It has a liver that moves in all directions and controls the pointer or object. It is used for computer games v and CAD / CAM systems.

6) Light Pen : It is an input device that use a light sensitive detector to select objects directly on a display screen using a pen. Light pen has a photocell placed in a small tube. By using light pen, we can locate the exact position on the screen.

7) Scanner : It is used to read text or pictures . printed on paper and translate the information into computer usable form. It is just like a photostat machine but it gives information to the computer.

8) Digital Camera : By using digital camera, we can take photographs and store in a computer. Therefore we can reduce the use of film. Hence it is economical.

9) Touchpad: It is a pointing device found on the portable computers(lap top). Just like a mouse it consists of two buttons below the touch surface to do the operations like left click and right click. By using our fingers we can easily operate.

10) Microphone :“By using this device we can convert voice signals into digital form.

11) Biometric sensor: It is used to read unique human physical features like finger prints,retina, iris pattern, facial expressions etc. Most of you give these data to the Government for Aadhaar.

12) Smart card, reader: A plastic card(may be Iik6 your ATM. card) stores and transmit data with the help of a reader.

13) Digital Camera : By using digital camera, we can take photographs and store in a computer. Therefore we can reduce the use of film. Hence it is economical.

Question 2.
Briefly explain the various visual display units.
Answer:
The visual display units are given below:

1) Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) : There are two types of CRT’s, monochrome (Black and white) and colour. Monochrome CRT consists of one electron gun but colour CRT consists of 3 electron guns (Red, Green and Blue) at one end and the other end coated with phosphor. It is a vacuum tube. The phosphor coated screen can glow when electron beams produced by electron guns hit. It is possible to create all the colours using Reef, Green and Blue. The images produced by this is refreshed at the rate of 50 or 60 times each second. Its disadvantage is it is heavy and bulky. It consumes more power and emits heat. But it is cheap. Nowadays its production is stopped by the company.

2) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): It consists of two electrically conducting plates filled with liquid crystal. The front plate has transparent electrodes and the back plate is a mirror. By applying proper electrical signals across the plates, the liquid crystals either transmit or block the light and then reflecting it back from the mirror to the viewer afrid hence produce images. It is used in where small sized displays are required.

3) Light Emitting Diode(LED): It uses LED behind the liquid crystals in order to light up the screen.
It gives a better quality and clear image with wider viewing angle. Its power consumption is less.

4) Plasma Panels : It consists of two glass plates filled with neon gas. Each plate has several parallel electrodes, right angles to each other. When low voltage is applied between two electrodes, one on each plate, a small portion of gas is glow and hence produce images. Plasma displays provide high resolution but are expensive. It is used in, where quality and size is a matter of concern.

5) Organic Light Emitting Diode(OLED) Monitors: It is made up of millions of tiny LEDs. OLED monitors are thinner and lighter than LCDs and LEDs. It consumes less power and produce better quality images but it is very expensive.

Question 3.
Your friend wants to buy a printer. He wants to know more about printers. Explain different types of printers.
Answer:
Printer: There are two types of printers impact and non impact printers. Printers are used to produce hard copy.
Impact Printers: There is a mechanical contact be-tween print head and the paper.

1) Dot Matrix Printer: Here characters are formed by using dots. The printing head contains a vertical array of pins. The letters are formed by using 5 dot rows and 7 dot columns. Such a pattern is called 5 x 7 matrix. This head moves across the paper, the selected pins fire against an inked ribbon to form characters by dot. They are capable of faster printing, but their quality is not good.

2) Non-impact Printers : There is no mechanical contact between print head and paper so Carbon copies cannot be possible to take. They are inkjet, laser, thermal printers etc.

a) Ink jet Printer: It works in the same fashion as dot matrix printers, but the dots are formed with tiny droplets of ink to be fired from a bottle through a nozzle. These droplets are deflected by an electric field using horizontal and vertical deflection plates to form Characters and images. It is possible to generate colour output. They produce less noise and produce high quality printing output. The printing cost is higher. Here liquid ink is used.

b) Laser Printer: It uses photo copying technology. Here instead of liquid ink dry ink powder called toner is used. A drum coated with positively charged photo conductive material is scanned by a laser beam. The positive charges that are illuminated by the beam are dissipated. The drum is then rolled through a reservoir of negatively charged toner which is picked up by the charged portions of the drum. It adheres to the positive charges and hence creating a page image on the drum. Monochrome laser printer uses a single toner. whereas the colour, laser printer uses four toners. Its print quality is good less noise and printing cost is higher.

c) Thermal Printers : It is same as dot matrix printer but it needs heat sensitive paper. It produces images by pushing electrically heated pins to the special paper. It does not make an impact on the paper so we cannot produce carbon copies. It produce less noise, low quality print and inexpensive. It is used in fax machine.

3) Plotter: A plotter is a device that draws pictures or diagrams on paper based on commands from a computer. Plotters draw lines using a pen. Pen plotters generally use drum or flat bed paper holders. In a drum plotter the paper is mounted on the surface of a drum. Here the paper is rotated. But in a flat bed plotter the paper does not move and the pen holding mechanism provides the motion that draws pictures. Plotters are used in engineering applications where precision is needed.

4) Three Dimensional (3D) printer: This device is used to print 3D objects.

Question 4.
Your school got two printers. One dot matrix and one Laser printer through ICT scheme of Central Govt. What is the difference between these two printers? Explain. .
Answer:

Laser Printer	Dot Matrix Printer
It is non-impact printer	It is impact printer
Speed is high	Speed is less
Good quality text and	Low quality text and very
picture	poor quality picture
Less noise	More noise
Printing cost is high	Printing cost is low
Not possible to take	Possible to take carbon
carbon copy	copy
Toner is used	Ribbon is used

Question 5.
Explain Primary Memory in detail.
Answer:
Primary memory is classified into two, Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). The primary memory hold? the data which is to be processed by the CPU and the set of instructions to be executed next. The CPU can access the instructions in the primary memory only.

Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM is used to store data and instructions needed by the CPU for processing. RAM can be used for both reading and writing of data so it is called Read and Write memory. It is a volatile memory, that is contents of the RAM will be lost when the power is turned off. The invention of integrated circuits (chips) increased the memory capacity and redi/ced the size and cost. Static RAM, Dynamic RAM, Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM) are the various types of RAM.

Read Only Memory (ROM) : We can read this memory but we cannot write into this memory. It is a nonvolatile memory, that is its contents will not lost when the power is turned off. This memory is stored in the ROM chip at the time of manufacturing itself hence it is called firmware. ROM contains instructions to check the hardware components connected to the system, perform some basic input/ output operations (BlbS), initiates loading of essential software. The different categories are PROM, EPROM and EE PROM.

PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) : It is just like WORM. That meaiis the instructions are write once but read many. But we cannot change the instructions.

EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) : It functions just like PROM. But by using ultraviolet light we can erase the old data and can write new data.

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) : Here instead of ultraviolet light electric signals are used to erase old data ‘and write new data under software control. It is highly expensive than regular ROM chips.

Question 6.
Explain secondary memory in detail.
OR
To store large volume of data permanently. Which memory is used? Explain.
Answer:
Primary memory has a limited storage capacity and it is not permanent that is why to store large volume of data permanently secondary memory or storage devices are used. They are of many types . and they vary in the capacity of storage, speed of data access and media of storage. Nowadays magnetic disks and optical disks are commonly used.

1) Magnetic Disk : Magnetic disk allows the storage and retrieval for contents of the disk from anywhere at a moderate speed. Magnetic Disks available in various size and storage capacity but the storage media and data access mechanism are similar. The storage media is circular platters or disks coated with magnetic material.

It consists of a spindle capable of rotating with .the help of an electrical motor and a read/write head,
a) Floppy disk : Floppy means flexible or soft, it uses flexible disk. Its storage capacity is 1.44MB and slower in data transfer rate.
b) Hard Disk : Instead of flexible or soft disk it uses rigid material hence the name hard disk. Its storage capacity and data transfer rate are high and low access time. These are more lasting and less error prone. The accessing mechanism and storage media are combined together in a single unit and connect to the mother board via cable.
Therefore we call it as hard disk drive (HDD). It contains one or more rigid platters coated both sides with a special magnetic material and a spindle. Datas are recorded on either surface of the disk except the outer side of last and first disk. Each surface will have one or more read/write heads (fixed head or movable head). The spindle is attached to a motor that rotates at high speed typically 7200 rotation per minute (rpm). A floppy disk rotates only at 300 rpm.

2) Optical Disk: The high power laser uses a concentrated, narrow beam of light, which is focuses and directed with lenses, prisms and mirrors for recording data. The optical disks are given below:

a) Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CDROM): The data in CDROM is imprinted by the manufacturers. The user cannot erase or write on the disk but user can only read its contents. CDROM is written in a single continuous spiral unlike magnetic disks that uses concentric qrcles. Its storage capacity is 700MB.

b) Erasable Optical Disk: The disadvantage of CDROM is that we cannot change or erase the contents. But erasable disks can be changed and erased.

c) Digital Versatile Disk: It is capable of storing upto 4.7GB and more faster.

d) Blu-ray Disc: It is used to read and write High Definition video data as well as to store very huge amount of data. While Cd and DVD uses red laser to read and write but it uses Blue- Violet laser, hence the name Blu ray disc. The blue violet laser has shorter wave length than a red laser so it can pack more data tightly.

3) Semiconductor storage (Flash memory): It uses EEPROM chips. It is faster and long lasting.

a) USB flash drive: It is also called thumb drive or pen drive. Its capacity varies from 2 GB to 32 GB.
b) Flash memory cards : It is used in Camera, Mobile phones, tablets etc to store all types of data.

Question 7.
What do you mean by a computer software? Mention its different classification.
OR
Your friend wants to know more about software. Explain more about different classification.
OR
Your friend told you that COBOL and MS Word are same softwares. Do you agree with him. Explain. What is a software and its classification ?
Answer:
A Software is a collection of programs to perform a task. The softwares can be classified into two major groups,
1) System software
2) Application software

I. System Software

It is a collection of programs used to manage system resources and control its operations. It is further classified into two.
a) Operating System
b) Language Processor

a) Operating System: It is collection of programs which acts as an interface between user and computer. Without an operating system computer cannot do anything. Its main function is make the computer usable and use hardware in an efficient manner, eg:- Windows XP, Windows Vista, Linux, Windows 7, etc.

b) Language Processes : We know that a program is a set of instructions. The instructions to the computer are written in different languages. They are high level language (HLL) and low level language. In HLL english like statements are used to write programs. They are C, COBOL, PASCAL, VB, Java etc. HLL is very easy and can be easily understood by the human being.

Low level language are classifed into Assembly Language and Machine Language.
In assembly language mnemonics (codes) are used to write programs

In Machine Language 0’s and 1’s are used to write program. It is very difficult but this is the only language which is understood by the computer. Usually programmers prefer HLL to write programs because of its simplicity. But computer understands only machine language. So there is a translation needed. The program which perform this job are language processors. The different language processors are given below:

1. Assembler: This converts programs written in assembly language into machine language.
2. Interpreter: This converts a HLL program into machine language by converting and executing it line by line. The first line is converted if there is no error it will be executed otherwise you have to correct it and the second line and so on.
3. Compiler: It is same as interpreter but there is a difference, it translate HLL program into machine language by converting all the lines at a time. if there is no error then only it will executed.

II. Application Software

Programs developed to serve a particular application is known as application software,
eg:– MS Office, Compression Utility, Tally etc.
Application software can further be sub divided into three categories.
a) Packages
b) Utilities
c) Customized Software
a) Packages: Application software that makes the computer useful for people to do every task. Pack-ages are used to do general purpose application.
They are given below:

1) Word Processes : This is used for creation and modification of text document. That means a word processor helps the people to create, edit and format a textual data with less effort and maximum efficiency. By using word processor we can change font and font size of character, change alignment (left, right, center and justify), check spelling and grammar of the whole document etc.
eg:- MS Word.

2) Spread Sheets : It contains data or information in rows and columns and can perform calculation (Arithmetic, Relational and logical operation). It helps to calculate results of a particular formula and the formula can apply different cells (A cell is the intersection of a row and column. Each column carries an alphabet for its name and row is numbered). It is used to prepare budgets, balance sheets, P & L account, Pay roll etc. We can easily prepare graphs and charts using data entered in a worksheet. A file is a work book that contains one or more work sheets,
eg :- MS Excel is a spread sheet software.

3) Presentation and Graphics: You can present your idea with sound and visual effects with the help of presentation software by preparing slides. The application software that manipulate visual images is known as graphics software.
Eg:- MS Power Point is a presentation package.

4) Data base package : Data base is a collection of large volume of data. DBMS is a set of programs that manages the datas are for the centralised control of data such that creating new records to the database, deleting, records whenever not wanted from the database and modification of the existing database.
Example for a DBMS is MS Access.

5) Utilities : Utilities are programs which are designed to assist computer for its smooth functioning.
The utilities are given below:

1) Text editor: It is used for creating and editing text files.
2) Backup utility : Creating a copy of files in another location to protect them against loss, if your hard disk fails or you accidently overwrite or delete data.
3) Compression Utility : It is used to reduce the size of a file by using a program and can be restored to its original form when needed.
4) Disk Defragmenter: It is used to speeds up disk access by rearranging the files that are stored in different locations as fragments to contiguous memory and free space is consolidated in one contiguous block
5) Vims Scanner: It is a program called antivirus ” software scans the disk for viruses and removes them if any virus is found.

c) Customised software: It is collection of programs which are developed to meet user needs to serve a particular application. It is also called tailor made software

Question 8.
To use a computer not only the hardware but also software are required. Explain the classification of software.
Answer:
Software : The set of instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task is called software. Without software computer cannot do anything.
Two types System s/w and Application s/w System software :
It is a collection of programs used to manage system resources and control its operations.
It is further classified into two.
a) Operating System
b) Language Processor
a) Operating System : It is collection of programs which acts as an interface between user and computer. Without an operating system computer cannot do anything: Its main function is make the computer usable and use hardware in an efficient manner
eg:- Windows XP, Windows Vista,.Linux, Windows 7, etc.

Major functions of an operating System

i) Process management: It includes allocation and de allocation of processes(program in execution) as well as scheduling system resources in efficient manner
ii) Memory management : It takes care of allocation and de allocation of memory in efficient manner
iii) File management : This includes organizing, naming , storing, retrieving, sharing, protecting and recovery of files.
iv) Device management : Many devices are connected to a computer so it must be handled efficiently.

b) Language Processes : We know that a program is a set of instructions. The instructions to the computer are written in different languages. They are high level language (HLL) and low level language. In HLL English like statements are used to write programs. They are C, C++, COBOL, PASCAL, VB, Java etc. HLL is very easy and can be easily understood by the human being.
Low level language are classified into Assembly Language and Machine Language.
In assembly language mnemonics (codes) are used to write programs

In Machine Language 0’s and 1 ’s are used to write program. It is very difficult but this is the only language which is understood by the computer. Usually programmers prefer HLL to write programs because of its simplicity. But computer understands only machine language. So there is a translation needed. The program which perform this job are language processors. The different language processors are given below :

1) Assembler: This converts programs written in assembly language into machine language.
2) Interpreter: This converts a HLL program into machine language by converting and executing it line by line. The first line is converted if there is no error it will be executed otherwise you have to correct it and the second line and so on.
3) Compiler: It is same as interpreter.but there is a difference it translate HLL program into machine language by converting all the lines at a time. If there is no error then only it will executed.

II. Application Software

Programs developed to serve a particular application is known as application software. eg:- MS Office, Compression Utility, Tally etc. Application software can further be sub divided into three categories.
a) Packages
b) Utilities
c) Customized Software

a) Packages: Application software that makes the computer useful for people to do every task. Packages are used to do general purpose application.
They are given below:

1) Word Processes : This is used for creation and . modification of text document. That means a word processor helps the people to create,, edit and format a textual data with less effort and maximum efficiency. By using word processor we can change font and font size of character, change alignment (left, right, center and justify), check spelling and grammar of the whole document etc.
eg:-MS Word.

2) Spread Sheets : It contains data or information in rows and columns and can perform calculation (Arithmetic, Relational and logical operation). It helps to calculate results of a particular formula and the formula can apply different cells (A cell is the intersection of a row and column. Each column carries an alphabet for its name and row is numbered). It is used to prepare budgets, balance sheets, P & L account, Pay rolj etc. We can easily prepare graphs and charts using data entered in a worksheet. A file is a work book that contains one or more work sheets,
eg :- MS Excel is a spread sheet software.

3) Presentation and Graphics : You can present your idea with sound and visual effects with the help of presentation software by preparing slides. The application software that manipulate visual images is known as graphics softvyare,
Eg: MS Power Point is’a presentation package.

4) Data base package: Data base is a collection of large volume of data. DBMS is a set of programs that manages the datas are for the centralized control of data such that creating new, records to the database, deleting, records whenever not wanted from the database and modification of the. existing database.
Example for a DBMS is MS Access.

5) DTP Packages : DTP means Desk Top Publishing. By using this we can create books, periodicals, magazines etc. easily and fastly. Now DTP packages are used to create in Malayalam also,
eg:- PageMaker.

6) Utilities : Utilities are programs which are designed to assist computer for its smooth functioning.
The utilities are given below:

1) Text editor: It is used for creating and editing text files.
2) Backup utility : Creating a copy of files in another location to protect them against loss, if your hard disk fails or you accidentally overwrite or delete data.
3) Compression Utility: It is used to reduce the size of a file by using a program and can be restored to.its original form when needed.
4) Disk Defragmenter: It is used to speeds up disk access by rearranging the files that are stored in different locations as fragments to contiguous memory and free space is consolidated in one contiguous block.
5) Virus Scanner: It is a program called antivirus software scans the disk for viruses and removes them if any virus is found.
c) Specific purpose software (Customized software): It is collection of programs which are developed to meet user needs to serve a particular application. It is also called tailor made software.

Question 9.
Describe the different types of memories and memory devices in computer with features and examples.
Answer:
Storage Unit(Memory Unit): A computer has huge storage capacity. It is used to store data and instructions before starts the processing. Secondly it stores the intermediate results and thirdly it stores information(processed data), that is the final results before send to the output unit(Visual Display Unit, Printer, etc)

Two Types of storage unit
i) Primary Storage alias Main Memory: It is further be classified into Two – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory(ROM). The one and only memory that the CPU can directly access is the main memory at a very high speed. It is expensive hence storage capacity is less. RAM is volatile(when the power is switched off the content will be erased) in nature but ROM is non volatile(lt is permanent). In ROM a “boot up” program called BIOS(Basic Input Output System) is stored to “boots up” the computer when it switched on. Some ROMs are given below.

1) PROM(Programmable ROM) : It is programmed at the time of manufacturing and cannot be erased
2) EPROM (Erasable PROM): It can be erased and can be reprogrammed using special electronic circuit.
3) EEPROM (Electrically EPROM) : It can be . erased and rewritten electrically

Cache Memory : The processor is a very high speed memory but comparatively RAM is slower than Processor. So there is a speed mismatch between the RAM and Processor, to resolve this a highspeed memory is placed in between these two this memory is called cache memory. Commonly used cache memories are Level(L1) Cache(128 KB), L2(1 MB),L3(8 MB), L4(128MB).

ii) Secondary Storage alias Auxiliary Memory : Because of limited storage capacity of primary memory its need arises. When a user saves a file, it will be stored in this memory hence it is permanent in nature and its capacity is huge. Eg: Hard Disc Drive(HQD), Compact Disc(CD), DVD, Pen Drive, Blu Ray Disc etc.

i) Magnetic storage device: It uses plastic tape or metal/plastic discs coated with magnetic material.
Hard Disk : Instead of flexible or soft disk it uses rigid material hence the name hard disk. Its storage capacity and data transfer rate are high and low access time. These are more lasting and less error prone. The accessing mechanism and storage media are combined together in a single unit and connect to the mother board via cable.

ii) Optical storage device.
Optical Disk : The high power laser uses a concentrated, narrow beam of light, which is focuses and directed with lenses, prisms and mirrors for recording data. This beams burns very very small spots in master disk, which is used for making molds and these molds are used for making copies on plastic disks. A thin layer of aluminium followed by a transparent plastic layer is deposited on it. The holes made by the laser beam are called pits, interpreted as bit 0 and unburned areas are called lands interpreted as bit 1. Lower power laser beam is used to retrieve the data.

DVD(Digital Versatile Disc) : It is similar to CD but its storage capacity is much higher. The capacity of a DVD starts from 4.7 GB

Blu-ray Disc : It is used to read and write High Definition video data as well as to store very huge amount of data. While Cd and DVD uses red laserto read and write but it uses Blue-Violet laser, hence the name Blu ray disc. The blue violet laser has shorter wave length than a red laser so it can pack more data tightly.

iii) Semiconductor storage (Flash memory): It uses EEPROM chips. It is faster and long lasting.
USB flash drive: It is also called thumb drive or pen drive. Its capacity varies from 2 GB to 32 GB.
Flash memory cards: It is used in Camera, Mobile phones, tablets etc to store all types of data.

Question 10.
Explain how e-Waste creates environmental issues. Usually there are four methods for e-Waste dispoal.
Which one is the most effective? Why? Write a slogan to aware the public about e-Waste hazards.
Answer:
e-Waste disposal methods

a) Reuse : Reusability has an important role of e – Waste management and can reduce the volume of e-Waste
b) Incineration: It is the process of burning e Waste at high temperature in Q chimney
c) Recycling of e-Waste : It is the process of making new products from this e-Waste.
d) Land filling : It is used to level pits and cover by thick layer of soil.

Question 11.
With the help of a block diagram, explain the functional units of a computer.
Answer:
Functional units of computer
A computer is not a single unit but it consists of many functional units(intended to perform jobs) such as Input unit,Central Processing Unit(ALU and Control Unit), Storage (Memory) Unit and Output Unit.

1) Input Unit : Its aim is to supply data (Alphanumeric, image , audio, video, etc.) to the computer for processing. The Input devices are keyboard, mouse, scanner,mic, camera,etc

2) Central Processing Unit (CPU): It is the brain of the computer and consists of three components
Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU) – As the name implies it performs all calculations and comparison operations.
Control Unit(CU)- It controls over all functions of a computer
Registers- it stores the intermediate results temporarily.

3. Storage Unit(Memory Unit): A computer has huge storage capacity. It is used to store data and instructions before starts the processing. Secondly it stores the intermediate results and thirdly it stores information(processed data), that is the final results before send to the output unit(Visual Display Unit, Printer, etc) .

Two Types of storage unit

i. Primary Storage alias Main Memory : It is further be classified into Two- Random Access Memory(RAM) and Read Only Memory(ROM). The one and only memory that the CPU can directly access is the main memory at a very high speed. It is expensive hence storage capacity is less. RAM is volatile (when the power is switched off the content will be erased) in nature but ROM is non volatile(It is permanent).

ii. Secondary Storage alias Auxiliary Memory: Because of limited storage capacity of primary memory its need arises. When a user saves a file, it will be stored in this memory hence it is permanent in nature and its capacity is huge.
Eg: Hard Disc Drive(HDD), Compact Disc(CD), DVD, Pen Drive,Blu Ray Disc etc.

4. Output Unit: After processing the data we will get information as result, that will be given to the end user through the output unit in a human readable form. Normally monitor and printer are used.

Students can Download Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Computer Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Computer

Plus One Computer Application Fundamentals of Computer 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
________ is a collection of unorganized fact.
Answer:
Data

Question 2.
Data can be organized into useful ______.
Answer:
Information

Question 3.
________ is used to help people to make decision.
Answer:
Information

Question 4.
Processing is a series of actions or operations that convert inputs into _______.
Answer:
Output

Question 5.
The act of applying information in a particular con-text or situation is called ________.
Answer:
Knowledge

Question 6.
What do you mean by data processing?
Answer:
Data processing is defined as a series of actions or operations that converts data into useful information.

Question 7.
Odd man out and justify your answer.
(a) Adeline
(b) 12
(3) 17
(d) Adeline aged 17 years is in class 12.
Answer:
d) This is information. The others are data.

Question 8.
Raw facts and figures are known as ________.
Answer:
data

Question 9.
Processed data is known as ______.
Answer:
Information

Question 10.
Which of the following helps us to take decisions ?
(a) data
(b) information
(c) Knowledge
(d) intelligence
Answer:
(b) information

Question 11.
Manipulation of data to get information is known as _________.
Answer:
Data processing

Question 12.
Arrange the following in proper order .
Process, Output, Storage, Distribution, Data Capture, Input.
Answer:
a) Data Capture
b) Input
c) Storage
d) Process
e) Output
f) Distribution

Question 13.
Pick the odd one out and give reason
a) Calculation
b) Storage
c) Comparison
d) Categorization
Answer:
b) Storage
It is one of the data processing stage the others are various operations in the stage Process.

Question 14.
Information may act as data. State true or False.
Answer:
False

Question 15.
Complete the Series.
a) 1012,1112,10012 ______,_______.
b) 10112,11102,100012 , ______,______.
Answer:
a) 1011, 1101
b) 10101,10111

Question 16.
What are the two basic types of data which are stored and processed by computers?
Answer:
Characters and number

Question 17.
The number of numerals or symbols used in a number system is its _____.
Answer:
Base

Question 18.
The base of decimal number system is _____.
Answer:
Base

Question 19.
MSD is _______.
Answer:
Most significant digit

Question 20.
LSD is ________.
Answer:
Least significant digit

Question 21.
Consider the number 627. Its MSD is _____.
Answer:
6

Question 22.
Consider the number 23.87. Its LSD is ______.
Answer:
7

Question 23.
The base of Binary number system is ________.
Answer:
2

Question 24.
What are the symbols used in Binary number system?
Answer:
0 and 1

Question 25.
Complete the following series.
(101)2, (111)2, (1001)2, ……..
Answer:
1011, 1101

Question 26.
State True or False.
In Binary, the unit bit changes either from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 with each count.
Answer:
True

Question 27.
The base of octal number system is
Answer:
8

Question 28.
Consider the octal number given below and fill in the blanks.
0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, _
Answer:
10

Question 29.
The base of Hexadecimal number system is
Answer:
16

Question 30.
State True or False.
In Positional number system, each position has a weightage.
Answer:
True

Question 31.
In addition to digits what are the letters used in Hexa decimal number system.
Answer:
A(10), B(11), C(12), D(13), E(14), F(15)

Question 32.
Convert (1110.01011)2 to decimal.
Answer:
1110.01011 = 1 x 23 + 1 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 0 x 20 + 0 x 2- 1 + 1 x 2 – 2 + 0 x 2 – 3 + 1 x 2 – 4 + 1 x 2 – 5
= 8 + 4 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0.25 + 0 + 0.0625 + 0.03125
= (14.34375)₁₀

Question 33.
1 KB is ______ bytes.
(a) 2⁵
b) 2¹⁰
c) 2¹⁵
d) 2²⁰
Answer:
d) 2²⁰

Question 34.
The base of hexadecimal number system is _______ Hexadecimal number system .
Answer:
16

Question 35.
A computer has no _______.
(a) Memory
(b) l/o device
(c) CPU
(d) IQ
Answer:
IQ

Question 36.
Real numbers can be represented in memory by using ______.
Answer:
Exponent and Mantissa

Question 37.
Consider the number 0.53421 x d) 10^-8 Write down the mantissa and exponent.
Answer:
Mantissa : 0.53421
Exponent:- 8

Question 38.
Characters can be represented in memory by using ______.
Answer:
ASCII Code

Question 39.
ASCII Code of ‘A’ is
Answer:
(100 0001)₂= 65 .

Question 40
ASCII Code of ‘a’ is
Answer:
(110 0001)₂= 97

Question 41.
Find MSD in the decimal number 7854.25
Answer:
Because it has the most weight

Question 42.
Which is the MSB of representation of-80 in SMR?
Answer:
It is 1 because In SMR if the number is negative then the MSB is 1.

Question 43.
Write 28.756 in Mantissa exponent form.
Answer:
28756 = .28756 x 100
= .28756 x10₂
= .28756 E + 2

Question 44.
ASCII stands for ______.
Answer:
American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Question 45.
List any two image file formats.
Answer:
BMP, GIF

Question 46.
Name the character representation coding scheme developed in India and approved by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).
Answer:
lSCII(lndian Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Question 47.
Fill the series. Series
(151)₈, (153)₈, (155)₈ _____,_____.
Answer:
(157)₈, (161)₈

Question 48.
Meaningful and processed form of data is known as _______ Process
Answer:
Information

Question 49.
Choose the correct number system from the following to which the number 121 (one hundred and twenty one) belongs.
a) Octal and Decimal
b) Binary only
c) Binary, Octal, Decimal and Hexadecimal
d) Decimal only
Answer:
d) Decimal Only OR a) Octal and Decimal

Question 50.
Which one of the following is considered as brain of the computer?
a) Central Processing Unit
b) Control Unit
c) Arithmetic Logic Unit
d) Monitor
Answer:
Central Processing Unit

Question 51.
Which one of the following CPU resister helds address of next instruction to be executed by the processor?
a) Accumulator
b) Instruction Register (IR)
c) Memory address Register
d) Program Counter (PC)
Answer:
d) Program Counter (PC)

Question 52.
Processed data is known as ______.
a) facts
b) figures
c) information
d) raw material
Answer:
c) information

Plus One Computer Application Fundamentals of Computer 2 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why do we store information?
Answer:
Normally large volume of data has to be given to the computer for processing so the data entry may be taken more days, hence we have to store the data. After processing these stored data, we will get Information as a result that must be stored in the computer for future references.

Question 2.
Which is the final stage in data processing?
Answer:
Distribution of information is the final stage in data processing

Question 3.
What is source document.
Answer:
Acquiring the required data from all the sources for the data processing and by using this data design a document, that contains all relevant data in proper order and format. This document is called source document.

Question 4.
Convert (106)₁₀ = ( )₂?
Answer:

Question 5.
Convert (106)₁₀ = ( )₈
Answer:

Question 6.
(106)₁₀ = ( )₁₆?
Answer:

Question 7.
Convert (55.625)₁₀ = ( )₂
Answer:

Question 8.
Convert (55.140625)₁₀ = ( )₈
Answer:

Question 9.
(55.515625)₁₀ = ( )₁₆
Answer:

Question 10.
Convert (101.101)₂ = ( )₁₀?
Answer:

Question 11.
Convert (71.24)₈ = ( )₁₀?
Answer:

Question 12.
Convert (AB.88)₁₆ = ( )₁₀
Answer:

Question 13.
Convert (1011)₂ = ( )₈?
Answer:

Question 14.
Convert (110100)₂ = ( )₁₆?
Answer:

Question 15.
(72)₈ = ( )₂?
Answer:

Question 16.
Convert (AO)₁₆ = ( )₂ ?
Answer:

Question 17.
Convert (67)₈ = ( )₁₆ ?
Answer:

Question 18.
Convert (A1)₁₆ = ( )₈ ?
Answer:

Question 19.
Write short notes about Unicode Unicode
Answer:
it is like ASCII Code. By using ASCII, we can represent limited, number of characters. But using Unicode we can represent all of the characters used in the written languages of the world.
Eg:- Malayalam, Hindi, Sanskrit …….

Question 20.
What is the use of the ASCII Code ?
Answer:
ASCII means American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a 7 bit code. Each and every character on the, keyboard is represented in memory by using ASCII Code.
Eg:- A’s ASCII Code is 65 (1000001).
a’s ASCII Code is 97 (1100001)

Question 21.
Define the term’bit’?
Answer:
A bit stands for Binary digit. That means either 0 or 1.

Question 22.
Convert the decimal number 31 to binary
Answer:

Question 23.
Find decimal equivalent of (10001 )₂
Answer:

Question 24.
If (X)₈ =(101011 )₂ then find X.
Answer:
Divide the binary number into groups of 3 bits and write down the corresponding octal equivalent.

Question 25.
Fill the blanks
(____)₂ = (AB)₁₆
Write down the 4 bit equivalent of each digit
Answer:

Question 26.
Represent-60 in 1’s complement form – 60 am 1’s complement form
Answer:
Change all 1 to 0 and all 0 to 1 to get the 1’s complement.
– 60 is in 1’s complement is 11000011

Question 27.
Define Unicode.
Answer:
The limitations to store more characters is solved by the introduction of Unicode.
It uses 16 bits so 2¹⁶ =65536 characters(i.e,world’s all written language characters) can store by using this.

Question 28.
Find the smallest number in the list.
a) (1101)₂
b) (A)₁₆
c) (13)₈
d) (15)₁₀
Answer:
Convert all the numbers into a common base i.e. to decimal

Question 29.
Represent – 83 in 1’s complement form.
Answer:
Divide the number 82 by 2 successively and write down the remainders from bottom to top + 83=01010011
To take 1 ‘s complement of a binary number change all 1 s to 0 and all 0’s to 1.
Hence – 83 is 10101100

Question 30.
a) Write the two’s complement form of the decimal number-119.
b) State the benefit of using two’s complement representation as compared to one’s complement form.
Answer:
Binary equivalent of 119 in 8 bit is (0111 0111)2.
To find the 2’s complement of -119. First find the 1’s complement and Odd 1 to it.

b) If a computer uses 8 bit word length, 1 ’s complement method can represent numbers from – 127 to + 127. That means only 127 + 128 = 255 numbers can represent. But 2’s complement method can represent numbers from – 128 to + 127. That means we can represent a total of 256 numbers. We can represent one number more in 2’s complement representation.

Question 31.
Write a short note on Unicode.
Answer:
It is like ASCII Code. By using ASCII, we- can represent limited number of characters. But using Unicode we can represent all of the characters used in the written languages of the world.
Eg:- Malayalam, Hindi, Sanskrit,….

Question 32.
“Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer”. What is the role of Control Unit (CU) in the CPU?
Answer:
All the activities of a computer is controlled by the control unit. That means the function of key board, mouse, monitor, memory etc. are controlled by the control unit.

Question 33.
Storage of data, capturing of data, processing of data, input of data, and output of data are the different stages in data processing. Write these stages in correct order?
Answer:
1) Capturing of data
2) Input of data
3) Storage of data
4) Processing of data
5) Output of data

Question 34.
There is a memory inside the CPU. What is its name? Write down its purpose In the computer.
Answer:
It stores data, intermediate results, Address, instructions etc for CPU to process temperarily.

Question 35.
Convert the hexadecimal (A2D)₁₆ into its octal equivalent.
Answer:
Step 1: First convert the number into binary for this do the following.

Plus One Computer Application Fundamentals of Computer 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Briefly explain data, information and processing with real life example.
Answer:
Consider the process of making coffee.
Here data is the ingredients – water, sugar,milk and coffee powder.
Information is the final product- i.e, Coffee Processing is the series of steps to convert the in-gradients into final product, Coffee. That is mix the water,sugar and milk and boil it. Finally pour the coffee powder.

Question 2.
Differentiate manual data processing and electronic data processing?
Answer:
In manual data processing human beings are the processors. Our eyes and ears are input devices. We get data either from a printed paper, that can be read using our eyes or heard with ears. Our brain is the processor and it can process the data, and reach in a conclusion known as result. Our mouth and hands are output devices.
In electronic data processing the data is processing with the help of a computer. In a super market, key board and hand held scanners are used to in. put data, the CPU process the data, monitor and printers (Bill) are output devices.

Question 3.
Complete the series.
(a) 324₈,327₈,332₈ ,______,______.
(b) 567₈,576₈,605₈ ,______,_______.
Answer:

Question 4.
Fill up the missing digits
(a) (4___)₈=(___110)₂
(b) ( __7___ )₈ = (100 ___ 110)₂
Consider the following:

Answer:
a) 4 ……..100
and 110 ……… 6
So (46)₈ = (100 110)₂
b) 100 ……… 4
7 ………. 111
110 …….. 6
So (476)₈ = (100 111 110)₂

Question 5.
Fill up the missing numbers.
(a) (A ___)₁₆ = ( ___ 1001)₂
(b) ( __ B ___ )₁₆ = (1000 ___ 1111)₂
consider the following:

Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the Series.
(a) 6ADD , 6ADF , 6AE1 ___,____.
(b) 14A9,14AF , 14B5 , ___,____.
Answer:
a) Consider the Seguence.-
6ADD, 6ADF, 6AE1,
Here the ’numbers’ are
0,1,2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9,A,,B, C, D, E, F, 10, 11, ………
The difference between 6ADD & 6ADF is 2

So Add 2 to 6AE1 we will ge 6AE3 Then add 2 to 6AE3 we will get 6AE5 Therefore the missing terms 6AE3, 6AE5
b) Consider the sequence.

So the missing terms are 14BB and 14C1

Question 7.
Find the octal numbers corresponding to the following numbers using shorthand method.
Short hand method
(a) (ADD)₁₆
(b)(DEAD)₁₆
Answer:
a) Step 1 : Write down the 4 bit binary equivalent of each digit.

Step 2 : Divide this number into groups of 3 bits starting from the right and write down the octal equivalent.

b) Step 1 : Write down the 4 bit binary equivalent of each digit.

Step 2 :Divide this number into groups of 3 bits starting from the right and write down the octal equivalent.

Question 8.
The numbers in column A have an equivalent number in another number system of column B.
Find the exact match.

Answer:

Question 9.
ASCII Is used to represent characters in memory. Is it sufficient to represent all characters used in the written languages of the world ? Propose a solution. Justify.
Answer:
No It is not sufficient to represent all characters used in the written languages of the world because , it is a 7 bit code so it can represent 2⁷ = 128 possible codes. To represent all the characters Unicode is used because it uses 4 bytes, so it can represent 232 possible codes.

Question 10.
If (126)x = (56)y , then find x and y.
Answer:

Question 11.
If (102)x = (42)y then (154)x = (___) y.
Answer:

Question 12.
a) Name various number systems commonly used in computers.
b) Include each of the following numbers into all possible number systems
Answer:
a) The number system are binary, octal, decimal and hexa decimal.
b) 123 Octal, decimal and hexa decimal
569 Decimal, hexa decimal
1101 Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexa decimal

Question 13.
Fill up the missing digit. (Score 1)
(41)₈ = ( )₁₆
Answer:
Step 1 : Divide the number into one each and write doWn the 3 bits equivalent.
Step 2: Then divide the number into group of 4 bits starting from the right then write its equivalent hexa decimal.’

So the answer is 21.

Question 14.
Fill up the missing digit. (Score 2)
If (220)_a = (90)_b then (451 )_a = ( )₁₀
Answer:
It contains 2 & 9, so a and b 2, b 8. The values of a can be 8 or 19. The values of b can be 10 or 16, L.H.S > R.H.S. a The possible values of a and b are given below

Question 15.
Fill up the missing digit. . (Score.3)
If (121)_a = (441)_b then (121)_b = ()₁₀
Answer:

Question 16.
Fill up the missing digit. (Score 3)
If (128)_a = (450)_b then (16)_a = ()₁₀
Answer:

Question 17.
Fill up the missing digit.
(3A.6D)₁₆ = ( )₈
Answer:
Step I: Write down the 4 bits equivalent of each digit.

Step II : Divide this number into groups of 3 bit starting from the right side of the left side of the decimal point and starting from the left side of the right side of the decimal point.
So 00/111/010.011/011/010
Step III: Write the octal equivalent of each group: So we will get. (72.332)₈
(3A.6D)₁₆ = (72.332)₈

Question 18.
What are the various ways to represent integers in computer?
Answer:
There are three ways to represent integers in computer. They are as follows:
1) Sign Magnitude Representation (SMR)
2) 1’s Complement Representation
3) 2’s Complement Representation .
1) SMR : Normally a number has: two parts sign and magnitude, eg:- Consider a number +5. Here + is the sign and 5 is the magnitude. In SMR the most significant Bit (MSB) is used to represent the sign. If MSB is 0 sign is +ve and MSB is 1 sign is – ve.

Here MSB is used for sign then the remaining 7 bits are used to represent magnitude. So we can represent 27 = 128 numbers. But there are negative and positive numbers. So 128 + 128 = 256 number. The numbers are 0 to + 127 and 0 to – 127. Here zero is repeated. So we can represent 256 – 1 = 255 numbers.
2) 1’s Complement Representation : To get the 1’s complement of a binary number, just replace every 0 with 1 and every 1 with 0. Negative numbers are represented using 1’s complement but + ve number has no 1’s complement,
eg:- To find the 1 ‘s complement of 21 +21 = 00010101
To get the 1 ‘s complement change all 0 to 1 and all 1 to 0.
– 21 = 11101010
1’s complement of 21 is 11101010
3) 2’s Complement Representation : To get the 2’s complement of a binary number, just add 1 to its 1’s complement +ve number has no 2’s complement.
eg:- To find the 2’s complement of 21
+21 = 00010101
First lake the 1’s complement for this change all 1 to 0 and all 0 to 1

2’s complement of 21 is 1110 1011

Question 19.
Match the following.

Answer:
1-b
2-f
3-a
4-c
5-d
6-e

Question 20.
Pick invalid numbers from the following.
i) (10101 )₈
ii) (123)₄
iii) (768)₈
iv) (ABC)₁₆
Answer:
i) (10101 )₈ – Valid
ii) (123)₄ – Valid
iii) (768)₈ – Invalid. Octal number system does not contain the symbol 8
iv) (ABC)₁₆ – Valid

Question 21.
Find the largest number in the list
i) (1001 )₂
ii) (A)₁₆
iii) (10)₈
iv) (11)₁₀
Answer:
Convert all numbers into decimal

Question 22.
If (11011)₂ = (A)₈ = (B)₁₆ = (c)₁₀.
Find the value of A, B and C.
Answer:
i) To find the value of A, First divide the binary number (11011)₂ into groups of 3 bits (starting from the right) Then write down the corresponding octal number of each group for this insert a zero (0) in the left side of the binary number.

ii) To find the value of B, First divide the binary number (11011)₂ into groups of 4 bits (starting from the right). Then write down the corresponding.
Hexa decimal equivalent of each group. For this insert 3 zeroes in the left side of the binary number.

iii) To find the value of C find the decimal equivalent so as to do the following.

Question 23.
(i), Binary representation of +38 is 00100110. Which of the following is the 2’s compliment representation of -38?
a) 11011001
b) 00100111
c) 11011010
d) 11011011
ii) If the Octal representation of decimal number X is (64)8. Find the hexa decimal equivalent of X.
Answer:
i) (c) 11011010
ii) Step 1 : First convert the octal number (64)₈ into binary for this write down the 3 bit binary equivalent

Step II:- The obtained binary number is divided into groups of 4 bits, starting from the right. For this insert 2 zeroes in the left side. After that write down the corresponding Hexa decimal number .

Question 24.
Convert the decimal number 29 into binary. Using sign and magnitude form arid 1 ’s complement form represent +29 and -29 in memory in 8-bit word length?
Answer:

A computer with 8 bit word length, sign and magnitude representation of +29 is (00011101)₂ and -29 is (10011101)₂.
1 ’s complement form of (-29) is (11100010)₂.
Note : To find the 1 ’s complement of (+29), change all ones to zeroes and all zeroes to ones.

Question 25.
Data processing refers to the activities performed on dafa to generate information. List the stages of data processing.
Answer:
Data processing phases (6)
a) Capturing data – In this step acquire or collect data from the user to input into the computer.
b) Input- It is the next step. In this step appropriate data is extracted and feed into the computer.
c) Storage – The data entered into the computer must be stored before starting the processing.
d) Processing /Manipulating data – It is a laborious work. It consists of various steps like computations, classification, comparison, summarization etc. that converts input into output.
e) Output of information – In this stage we will get the results as information after processing the data.
f) Distribution of information – in this phase the information(result) will be given to the concerned persons / computers.

Question 26.
a) Convert (1010.11)₂ to decimal.
b) Find the missing terms in the following series.
Answer:

Plus One Computer Application Fundamentals of Computer 5 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the components of Data processing
Answer:
Data processing consists of the techniques of sorting, relating, interpreting and computing items of data in order to convert meaningful information. The components of data processing are given below.
a) Capturing data – In this step acquire or collect data from the user to input into the computer.
b) Input – It is the next step. In this step appropriate data is extracted and feed into the computer.
c) Storage – The data entered into the computer must be stored before starting the processing.
d) Processing / Manipulating data – It is a laborious work. It consists of various steps like computations, classification, comparison, summarization, etc. that converts input into output.
e) Output of information – In this stage we will get the results as information after processing the data.
f) Distribution of information – In this phase the information(result) will be given to the concerned persons / computers.

Question 2.
Define computer. What are the characteristics?
Answer:
A computer is an electronic device used to perform operations at very high speed and accuracy. Following are the characteristics of the computer.
1) Speed : It can perform operations at a high speed.
2) Accuracy : It produces result at a high degree . of accuracy.
3) Diligence: Unlike human beings, a computer is
free from monotony, tiredness, lack of concentration etc. We know that it is an electronic machine. Hence it can work four hours without making any errors.
4) Versatility: it is capable of performing many tasks. It is useful in many fields.
5) Power of Remembering: A computer consists of huge amount of memory. So it can store and recall any amount of information. Unlike human beings it can store huge amount of data and can be retrieved when needed.

Disadvantages of computer

(1)No. IQ : It has no intelligent quotient. Hence they are slaves and human beings are the masters. It can’t take its own decisions.
(2) No feelings: Since they are machines they have no feelings and instincts. They can perform tasks based upon the instructions given by the humans (programmers)

Students can Download Chapter 3 Principles of Programming and Problem Solving Notes, Plus One Computer Application Notes helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Notes Chapter 3 Principles of Programming and Problem Solving

Problem-solving using computers:
It has no intelligent quotient. Hence they are slaves arid human beings are the masters. It can’t make its own decisions. They can perform tasks based upon the instructions given by the humans (programmers).

Approaches in problem-solving
Top-down design: Larger programs are divided into smaller ones and solve each task by performing simpler activities. This concept is known as a top-down design in problem-solving

Bottom-Up design: Here also larger programs are divided into smaller ones and the smaller ones are again subdivided until the lowest level of detail has been reached. We start solving from the lowest module onwards. This approach is called a Bottom-up design.

Phases in programming
1. Problem identification: This is the first phase in programming. The problem must be identified then only it can be solved, for this, we may have to answer some questions. During this phase, we have to identify the data, its type, quantity, and formula to be used as well as what activities are involved to get the desired output is also identified for example if you are suffering from stomach ache and consult a Doctor. To diagnose the disease the doctor may ask you some questions regarding the diet, duration of pain, previous occurrences, etc, and examine some parts of your body by using a stethoscope X-ray, scanning, etc.

2. Deriving the steps to obtain the solution.
There are two methods, Algorithm and flowchart, are used for this.
a) Algorithm: The step-by-step procedure to solve a problem is known as an algorithm. It comes from the name of a famous Arab mathematician Abu Jafer Mohammed Ibn Musaa Al-Khowarizmi, The last part of his name Al-Khowarizmi was corrected to the algorithm.

b) Flowchart: The pictorial or graphical representation of an algorithm is called a flowchart.
Flow chart symbols are explained below
1) Terminal (Oval)

It is used to indicate the beginning and end of a problem

2) Input/Output (parallelogram)

It is used to take input or print output.

3) Processing (Rectangle)

It is used to represent processing That means to represent arithmetic operation such as addition, subtraction, multiplication

4) Decision (Rhombus)

It is used to represent decision making. It has one entry flow and two exit flows but one exit path will be executed at a time.

5) Flowlines (Arrows)

It is used to represent the flow of operation

6) Connector

3. Coding: The dummy codes (algorithm) or flowchart is converted into a program by using a computer language such s Cobol, Pascal, C++, VB, Java, ….. etc.

4. Translation: The computer only knows machine language. |t does not know HLL, but the human beings HLL is very easy to write programs. Therefore a translation’ is needed to convert a program written in HLL into machine code (object code). During this step, the syntax errors of the program will be displayed. These errors are to be corrected and this process will be continued till we get a “No errors” message. Then it is ready for execution.

5. Debugging: The program errors are called ‘bugs’ and the process of detecting and correcting errors is called debugging. In general, there are two types of errors syntax errors and logical errors. When the rules or syntax of the language are not followed then syntax errors occurred and it is displayed after compilation. When the logic of a program is wrong then logical errors occurred and it is not displayed after compilation but it is displayed in the execution and testing phase.

6. Execution and Testing: In this phase, the program will be executed and give test data for testing the purpose of this is to determine whether the result produced by the program is correct or not. There is a chance of another type of error, Run time error, this may be due to inappropriate data.

7. Documentation: It is the last phase in I programming. A computerized system must be documented properly and it is an ongoing process that starts in the first phase and continues till its implementation. It is helpful for the modification of the program later.

Students can Download Chapter 2 Components of the Computer System Notes, Plus One Computer Application Notes helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Notes Chapter 2 Components of the Computer System

Hardware: The tangible parts of a computer that we can touch and see are called hardware.
Eg: Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, CPU, Etc.

Processors: It is the brain of the computer and consists of three components
Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU) – As the name implies it performs all calculations and comparison operations.
Control Unit(CU)- It controls over all functions of a computer
Registers – It stores the intermediate results temporarily.

A CPU is an Integrated Circuit(IC) package that contains millions of transistors and other components. Popular Processors are Intel core i3, core i5, core i7, AMD Quadcore etc.
Important registers inside a CPU are

• Accumulator: After performing an operation (arithmetic or logical) the result is stored in the accumulator
• Memory Address Register(MAR): It stores the address of the memory location to which data is either read or written by the processor.
• Memory Buffer Register (MBR) : It stores the data, either to be written to or read from the memory by the processor.
• Instruction Register(IR): It stores the instructions to be executed by the processor.
• Program Counter(PC): It stores the address of the next instruction to be executed by the processor.

Motherboard: It is a Printed Circuit Board(PCB). All the major components like Processor (Remember the processor must be compatible with the Motherboard), RAM, ROM, HDD, Graphics card, Sound card, etc are connected to the Motherboard.

Peripherals and Ports

• Serial Port: It transmits data one bit at a time (eg: 101000001010). Its transmission speed
  is low but it is cheaper. It is suitable to transmit data over long distance.
• Parallel port: It can transmit data more than one bit at a time. It is faster and used to connect the printer.
• USB (Universal Serial Bus) port: It has high bandwidth hence it is faster. Nowadays it is used to connect all the devices like keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner, pen drive, digital camera, mobile phones, dongle etc.
• LAN port: By using this port we can connect our computer to another network by a cable.
• PS/2(Personal System/2) poet: It is introduced by IBM for connecting keyboard and mouse earlier.
• Audio ports: It is used to connect audio devices like speakers, mic etc.
• Video Graphics Array (VGA) port: It is introduced by IBM to connect a monitor or LCD projector to a computer.
• High Definition Multimedia Interface(HDMI): Through this port, we can connect high definition quality video and multi-channel audio over a single cable.

Memory
Storage Unit(Memory Unit): A computer has huge storage capacity. It is used to store data and instructions before starts the processing. Secondly it stores the intermediate results and thirdly it stores information(processed data), that is the final results before send to the output unit(Visual Display Unit, Printer, etc)
Memory measuring units are given below.

• 1 bit – 1 or 0(Binary Digit)
• 4 bits – 1 Nibble
• 1 bits – 1 Byte
• 1024 Bytes – 1 KB(KiloByte)
• 1024 KB – 1 MB(Mega Byte)
• 1024 MB – 1 GB(Giga Byte)
• 1024 GB – 1 TB(Tera Byte)
• 1024 TB – 1 PB(Peta Byte)

Two Types of the storage unit
i) Primary Storage alias Main Memory: It is further be classified into Two – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only Memory (ROM). The one and only memory that the CPU can directly access is the main memory at a very high speed. It is expensive hence storage capacity is less.

RAM is volatile(when the power is switched off the content will be erased) in nature but ROM is nonvolatile (lt is permanent). In ROM a “boot up” program called BIOS(Basic Input Output System) is stored to “boots up” the computer when it switched on. Some ROMs are given below.
1. PROM(Programmable ROM): It is programmed at the time of manufacturing and cannot be erased.
2. EPROM (Erasable PROM): It can be erased and can be reprogrammed using special electronic circuit.
3. EEPROM (Electrically EPROM): It can be erased and rewritten electrically Cache Memory: The processor is a very high speed memory but comparatively RAM is slower than Processor. So there is a speed mismatch between the RAM and Processor, to resolve this a high-speed memory is placed in between these two this memory is called cache memory. Commonly used cache memories are Level(L1) Cache(128 KB), L2(1 MB)

ii. Secondary Storage alias Auxiliary Memory: Because of limited storage capacity of primary memory its need arises. When a user saves a file, it will be stored in this memory hence it is permanent in nature and its capacity is huge. Eg: Hard Disc Drive(HDD), Compact Disc(CD), DVD, Pen Drive, Blu Ray Disc etc.

a) Magnetic storage device: It uses plastic tape or metal/plastic discs coated with magnetic material.
Hard Disk: Instead of flexible or soft disk it uses rigid material hence the name hard disk. Its storage capacity and data transfer rate are high and low access time. These are more lasting and less error-prone. The accessing mechanism and storage media are combined together in a single unit and connect to the motherboard via cable.

b) Optical storage device.
Optical Disk: The high-power laser uses a concentrated, narrow beam of light, which is focused and directed with lenses, prisms and mirrors for recording data. These beams burn very very small spots in master disk, which is used for making molds and these molds are used for making copies on plastic disks. A thin layer of aluminum followed by a transparent plastic layer is deposited on it. The holes made by the laser beam are called pits, interpreted as bit 0 and unbumed areas are called lands interpreted as bit 1. Lower power laser beam is used to retrieve the data.

DVD(Digital Versatile Disc): It is similar to CD but its storage capacity is much higher. The capacity of a DVD starts.from 4.7 GB

Blu-ray Disc: It is used to read and write High Definition video data as well as to store very huge amount of data. While Cd and DVD uses red laser to read and write but it uses Blue-Violet laser, hence the name Bid ray disc. The blue-violet laser has a shorter wavelength than a red laser so it can pack more data tightly.

iii) Semiconductorstorage (Flash memory): It uses EEPROM chips. It is faster and long-lasting.
USB flash drive: It is also called a thumb drive or pen drive. Its capacity varies from 2 GB to 32 GB.
Flash memory cards: It is used in Cameras, Mobile phones, tablets etc to store all types of data.

Input/Output devices: It is used to supply data to the computer for processing
1. Keyboard: It is the most widely used device to input information in the form of words, numbers etc. There are 101 keys on a standard keyboard. The keys on the keyboard are often classified into alpha numeric keys (A to Z, 0 to 9), function keys (F1 to F12), special purpose keys (Special characters), cursor movement keys (arrow keys). While pressing a key, the corresponding code’s signal is transmitted to the computer.

2. Mouse: It is a pointing device, that controls the movement of the cursor, or pointer as a display screen. A mouse has two or.three buttons, it is often used in GUI oriented computers. Under the mouse there is a ball, when the mouse moves on a flat surface this ball also moves. This mechanical motion is converted into digital values that represent the x and y values of the mouse movement.

3. Light Pen: It is an input device that use a light-sensitive detector to select objects directly on a display screen using a pen. Light pen has a photocell placed in a small tube. By using light pen, we can locate the exact position on the screen.

4. Touch screen: It allows the user to enter data by simply touching on the display screen. This technology is applied in tablets, cell phones, computers etc.

5. Graphic tablet: It consists of an electronic writing area. We can create graphical images by using a special pen.

6. Touchpad: It is a pointing device found on portable computers(laptop). Just like a mouse it consists of two buttons below the touch surface to do the operations like left-click and right-click. By using our fingers we can easily operate.

7. Joy Stick: It is a device that lets the user move an object Quickly on the screen. It has a liver that moves in all directions and controls the pointer or object. It is used for computer games and CAD/CAM systems.

8. Microphone: By using this device we can convert voice signals into digital form.

9. Scanner: It is used to read text or pictures printed on paper and translate the information into computer-usable form. It is just like a photostat machine but it gives information to the computer.

10. Optical Mark Reader (OMR): This device identifies the presence or absence of a pen or pencil mark. It is used to evaluate objective type exams. In this method, special preprinted forms are designed with circles can be marked with dark pencil or ink. A high-intensity beam in the OMR* converts this into computer-usable form and detects the number and location of the pencil marks. By using this we can evaluate easily and reduce the errors.

11. Bar code/Quick Response (QR) code reader: Light and dark bars are used to record item name, code and price is called Bar Code. This information can be read and input into a computer quickly without errors using Bar Code Readers. It consists of a photo electric scanner and it is used in supermarket, jewellery, textiles etc. QR codes are similar to barcodes but it uses two dimensional instead of single-dimensional used in Barcode.

12. Biometric sensor: It is used to read unique human physical features like fingerprints, retina, iris pattern, facial expressions etc. Most of you give this data to the Government for Aadhaar.

13. Smart card reader: A plastic card(may be like your ATM card) stores and transmit data with the help of a reader.

14. Digital Camera: By using digital camera, we can take photographs and store in a computer. Therefore we can reduce the use of film. Hence it is economical.

Output devices: After the data processing the result is displayed as soft copy(soft copy can view, only by using a device) or hard copy(it can read
easily).
1) Visual Display Unit
a) Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) There are two types of CRT’s, mpnochrome (Black and white) and colour. Monochrome CRT consists of one electron gun but colour CRT consists of 3 electron guns (Red, Green and Blue) at one end and the other end coated with phosphor. It is a vacuum tube. The phosphor coated screen can glow when electron beams produced by electron guns hit, It is possible to create all the colours using Red, Green and Blue. The images produced by this is refreshed at the rate of 50 or 60 times each second. Its disadvantage is it is heavy and bulky. It consumes more power and emits heat. But it is cheap. Nowadays its production is stopped by the company.

b) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): It consists of two electrically conducting plates filled with liquid crystal. The front plate has transparent electrodes and the back plate is a mirror. By applying proper electrical signals across the plates,1he liquid crystals either transmit or block the light and then reflecting it back from the mirror to the viewer and hence produce images.- It is used in where small sized displays are required.

c) Light Emitting Diode(LED): It uses LED behind the liquid crystals in order to light up the screen. It gives a better quality and clear image with wider viewing angle. Its power consumption is less.

d) Plasma Panels: It consists of two glass plates filled with neon gas. Each plate has several parallel electrodes, right angles to each other. When low voltage is applied between, two electrodes, one on each plate, a small portion of gas is glow and hence produce images. Plasma displays provide high resolution but are expensive. It is used in, where quality and size is a matter of concern.

e) Organic Light Emitting Diode(OLED) Monitors: It is made up of millions of tiny LEDs. OLED monitors are thinner and lighter than LCDs and LEDs. It consumes less power and produce better quality images but it is very expensive.
LCD projector : It is used to display video, images or data from a computer on a large screen. Its main component is a high intensity light-producing bulb and a lens.

2) Printer: There are two types of printers impact and non impact printers. Printers are used to produce hard copy.
Impact Printers : There is a mechanical contact between print head and the paper.

i) Dot Matrix Printer: Here characters are formed by using dots. The printing head contains a vertical array of pins. The letters are formed by’ using 5 dot rows and 7 dot columns. Such a pattern is called 5×7 matrix. This head moves across the paper, the selected pins fire against an inked ribbon to form characters by dot. They are capable of faster printing, but their quality is not good.

Non-impact Printers : There is no mechanical contact between print head and paper so carbon copies cannot be possible to take. They are inkjet, laser, thermal printers etc. .

a) Ink jet Printer: It works in the same fashion asdot matrix printers, but the dots are formed with tiny droplets of ink to be fired from a bottle through a nozzle. These droplets are deflected by an electric field using horizontal and vertical deflection plates to form characters and images. It is possible to generate colour output. They produce less noise1 and produce high quality printing output. The printing cost is higher. Here liquid ink is used.

b) Laser Printer: It uses photo copying technology. Here instead of liquid ink dry ink powder called toner is used. A drum coated with positively charged photo conductive material is scanned by a laser beam. The positive charges that are illuminated by the beam are dissipated. The drum is then rolled through a reservoir of negatively charged toner which is picked up by the charged portions of the drum. It adheres to the positive charges and hence creating a page image on the drum. Monochrome laser printer uses a single toner whereas the colour, laser printer uses four toners. Its print quality is good less noise and printing cost is higher.

c) Thermal Printers: It is same as dot matrix printer but it needs heat sensitive paper. It produces images by pushing electrically heated pins to the special paper. It does not make an.impact on the paper so we cannot produce carbon copies, ft produce less noise, low quality print and inexpensive. It is used in fax machine.

3. Plotter
A plotter is a device that draws pictures or diagrams on paper based on commands from a computer. Plotters draw lines using a pen. Pen plotters generally use drum or flat bed paper holders. In a drum plotter the paper is mounted on the surface of a drum. Here the paper is rotated. But in a flat bed plotter the paper does not move and the pea holding mechanism provides the motion that draws pictures. Plotters are used in engineering applications where precision is needed.

4. Three Dimensional (3D) printer: This device is used to print 3D objects.

5. Audio output devices: Speakers are used to produce sound by the backward and forward movement of the diaphragm in the speaker according to the electrical signals from the computer through the audio port.

e-Waste(electronic waste): It refers to the mal functioning electronic products such -as faulty computers, mobile phones, tv sets, toys, CFL etc.

Why should we concern about e Waste?
It contains poisonous substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium etc and may cause diseases if not properly managed.

What happens to e-Waste?
A small amount is recycled. Due to this our natural resources are contaminated(poisoned). Some of them can recycle properly. But it is a very big problem in front of the Government to collect segregate, recycle and disposal of e-Waste.

e-Waste disposal methods

• Reuse: Reusability has an important role in e-Waste management and can reduce the volume of e-Waste
• Incineration: It is the process of burning Waste at high temperature in a chimney
• Recycling of e-Waste: It is the process of making new products from this e-Waste.
• Landfilling: It is used to level pits and cover by a thick layer of soil.

Students role in e-Waste disposal

• Stop buying unnecessary electronic equipment
• Repair Faulty electronic equipment instead of buying a new one.
• Give electronic equipment to recycle
• Buy durable, efficient, quality, toxic-free, good warranty products
• check the website or call the dealer if there is any exchange scheme
• Buy rechargeable battery products

Green computing or Green IT: It is the study and practice of eco-friendly computing or IT such as designing, manufacturing, using and disposal of .computers and components (monitors, printers, storage devices etc.)
Following are some steps to follow to reduce the adverse impact on the global environment
Turn off computer and other devices when not in use ‘

• Use power saver mode
• Use laptops instead of desktops
• Avoid print outs if not needed
• Use LCD s instead of CRT s to save power
• Use Energy Star rated HA/V or S/w and Solar energy(Hybrid Energy)
• Dispose e Waste properly as per norms

Following are the steps to promote green computing
Green design: Design energy-efficient and eco-friendly devices
Green manufacturing: reduce non-eco-friendly parts while manufacturing
Green use: Use energy saver devices
Green disposal: Use easily disposable devices

Software: The set of instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task is called software. Without software, computers cannot do anything. Two types of System s/w and Application s/w
System software:
It is a collection of programs used to manage system resources and control its operations. It is further classified into two.

• Operating System
• Language Processor

a) Operating System: It is a collection of programs which acts as an interface between user and computer. Without an operating system computer cannot do anything. Its main function is make the computer usable and use hardware in an efficient manner.
eg: Windows XP, Windows Vista, Linux, Windows 7, etc.

Major functions of an operating System
i) Process management: It includes allocation and deallocation of processes(program in execution) as well as scheduling system resources in efficient manner
ii) Memory management: It takes care of allocation and de allocation of memory in efficient manner
iii) File management: This includes organizing, naming , storing, retrieving, sharing , protecting and recovery of files.
iv) Device management: Many devices are connected to a computer so it must be handled efficiently.

b) Language Processes: We know that a program is a set of instructions. The instructions to the computer are written in different languages. They are high-level language (HLL) andjow level language. In HLL English like statements are used to. write programs. They are C, C++, COBOL, PASCAL, VB, Java etc. HLL is very easy and can be easily understood by the human being.
Low level language are classified into Assembly Language and Machine Language.
In assembly language mnemonics (codes) are used to write programs
ADD A, B A = A + B
SUB A, B A = A – B
INC A A = A + 1

In Machine Language 0’s and 1’s are used to write program. It is very difficult but this is the only language which is understood by the computer. Usually programmers prefer HLL to write programs because of its simplicity. But computer understands only machine language. So there is a translation needed. The program which perform this job are language processors.
The different language processors are given below:
1) Assembler: This converts programs written in assembly language into machine language.
2) Interpreter: This converts a HLL program into machine language by converting and executing it line by line. The first line is converted if there is no error it will be executed otherwise you have to correct it and the second line and so on.
3) Compiler: It is same as interpreter but there is a difference it translates HLL program into machine language by converting all the lines at
a time. If there is no error then only it will be executed.

II. Application Software
Programs developed to serve a particular application is known as application software.
eg: MS Office, Compression Utility, Tally etc.
Application software can further be subdivided into
three categories.

• Packages
• Utilities
• Customized Software

a) Packages: Application software that makes the computer useful for people to do every task. Packages are used to do general-purpose applications.
They are given below:
1) Word Processes : This is used for creation and modification of text documents. That means a word processor helps the people to create, edit and format a textual data with less effort and maximum efficiency. By using word processor we can change font and font size of character, change alignment (left, right, center and justify), check spelling and grammar of the whole document etc. eg: MS Word.

2) Spread Sheets: It contains data or information in rows and columns and can perform calculation (Arithmetic, Relational and logical Operation). It helps to calculate results of a particular formula and the formula can apply different cells (A cell is the intersection of a row and column. Each column carries an alphabet for its name and row is numbered). It is used to prepare budgets, balance sheets, P & L account, Payroll etc. We can easily prepare graphs and charts using data entered in a worksheet. A file is a work.book that contains one or more work sheets, eg: MS Excel is spreadsheet software.

3. Presentation and Graphics: You can present your idea with sound and visual effects with the help of presentation software by preparing slides. The application software that manipulate visual images is known as graphics software.
Eg: MS PowerPoint is a presentation package.

4. Data base package: Database is a collection of large volume of data. DBMS is a set of programs that manages the datas are for the centralized control of data such that creating new fecords to the database, deleting, records whenever not wanted from the database and modification of the existing database. Example for a DBMS is MS Access.

DTP Packages: DTP means Desk Top Publishing. By using this we can create books, periodicals, magazines etc. easily and fastly. Now DTP packages are used to create in Malayalam also, eg:-PageMaker.

b) Utilities: Utilities are programs which are designed to assist computer for its smooth functioning. The utilities are given below:

1. Text editor: It is used for creating and editing text files.
2. Backup utility: Creating a copy of files in another location to protect them against loss, if your hard disk fails or you accidentally overwrite or delete data.
3. Compression Utility: It is used to reduce the , size of a file by using a program and can be restored to its original form when needed.
4. Disk Defragmenter: It is used to speeds up disk access by rearranging the files that are stored in different locations as fragments to contiguous memory and free space is consolidated in one contiguous block.
5. Virus Scanner: It is a program called antivirus software scans the disk for viruses and removes them if any virus is found.

c) Specific purpose software (Customized software): It is a collection of programs which are developed to meet user needs to serve a particular application. It is also called tailor-made software.

Free and open source software: Here “free” means there is no copy right or licensing. That is we can make copies of the s/w or modify the source code without legal permission of its vendor (creator) we can use and distribute its copy to our friends without permission. That is Freedom to use ,to modify and redistribute.
The Four freedoms are

• Freedom 0: To run program for any purpose
• Freedom 1: To study how it works and allows you to adapt according to your needs. Also allows accessing source code.
• Freedom 2: Allows to take copies and distribute
• Freedom 3: Allows you to change source code and release the program.

Examples for Free and open source software are given below
Linux: it is a free s/w. If was written by Linux Trovalds at the University of Helsinki. It is a GUI and multi-user, multi-tasking O.S. with many more other features. It is also independent of the hardware. It is used by ISP’s, programmers who uses Java to Write program, etc. The main Linux distributors are. Open Linux Red hat, Debian, Gnu Linux, etc…

GNU/Linux: It was organized by Richard Stallman in 1983

GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program): It is a very helpful software to perform all the activities to an image.

Mozilla Firefox: This web browser helps users to browse safely.

OpenOffice.org: This package contains different s/w s that help the users to draft letters neatly by using “Writer”, perform calculations by using “Calc” and prepare presentations by using “Impress”. It is platform-independent (That means it works on both Linux and Windows platfprms.

Freeware: A s/w with Copy right is available free of cost for unlimited use.

Shareware: It is an introductory pack distributed on a trial basis with limited functionality and period.