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Water and Life Class 5 Questions and Answers Notes

Class 5 Basic Science Chapter 3 Question Answer Notes Pdf  Water and Life

Basic Science Class 5 Chapter 3 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Let Us Assess

Question 1.
The change in state of water is illustrated below. Complete the flowchart by adding appropriate words.

Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the idea chart made on water.

Answer:

Question 3.
Examine the test report on water quality made on three different sources. Analyse the table and write your findings.

Property	River	Pond	Well
Colour	Muddy	Muddy	Clear
Odour	Foul odour	Foul odour	No odour
Organic waste	Yes	Yes	No
Chemical waste	Yes	Yes	No

a) Which source of water is the safest to drink?
b) Can we make river and pond water potable? How?
c) What can we do to prevent pollution of water sources?
Answer:
a) Well
b) Yes, Disinfection in water treatment plants can make them safe to drink.
c)

• Avoid dumping wastes into the waterbodies.
• Avoid dumping factory waste into the waterbodies.
• Make sure that fertilisers and pesticides do not flow into the water bodies.
• Use toilets and other sanitation facilities.

Question 4.
The properties of water are listed. Find out and complete the table with suitable details from daily life.

Answer:

Properties of water	Situation
Conducts heat	Cooking food items
Maintains level	Levels are set in building construction
Universal solvent	Preparing various solutions like salt solution
Ability to vapourise	Drying up of wet clothes, Drying up of washed surfaces

Extended Activities

Question 1.
What is the main source of drinking water in your locality?
Let’s conduct a surwey. Information should be collected about the sources of drinking water in your house and three neighbouring houses.

Drinking water source	In my house	Neighbourhood houses
		House 1	House 2	House 3
Well
Public water supply system
Borewell
Rain water storage tank
Other sources

Answer:

Drinking water source	In my house	Neighbourhood houses
		House 1	House 2	House 3
Well	✓	✓	✗	✗
Public water supply system	✓	✓	✓	✗
Borewell	✗	✗	✓	✗
Rainwater storage tank	✗	✗	✗	✓
Other sources	✗	✗	✗	✗

Most of the houses use public water supply systems to get water to satisfy their needs. Wells are also seen in common. Rainwater storage tanks and borewells are used by very few people in our locality.

Question 2.
Study and prepare a note on your school’s water usage.
Information to be collected

• What are the water sources at the school?
• How much water is used per day?
• For what needs?
• For what purpose water is most used?
• What practical suggestions can you make for reducing water use at present?

Answer:
Water Usage at Our School

• Water Sources: Our school primarily uses water from two sources: a municipal supply and a borewell on campus.
• Daily Water Usage: On average, our school uses about 5,000 litres of water per day.
• Needs: The water is used for various purposes such as drinking, cooking in the kitchen, cleaning classrooms, toilets, and watering plants.
• Most Used Purpose: The majority of water is used for maintaining cleanliness, including cleaning classrooms and toilets.

Suggestions for Reducing Water Use:

• Fix any leaky taps or pipes promptly to avoid wastage.
• Encourage students and staff to turn off taps tightly after use.
• Reuse water where possible, like using water for cleaning to watering plants.
• Educate everyone about the importance of conserving water and involve them in initiatives to save water

Question 3.
Design an apparatus to demonstrate experimentally that water maintains its level.
Answer:
Procedure:
1. Set up the Apparatus:

• Place the transparent container on a support stand or a flat surface.
• Fill the container with water up to a marked level (you can use a marker to make a clear indication).
• Insert one end of the flexible tubing into the container, ensuring it reaches the bottom.
• Keep the other end of the tubing above the water level.

2. Observe the Water Level:

• Take note of the water level in the container and the end of the tubing.

3. Add Food Colouring:

• If desired, add a few drops of food colouring into the water to make it easier to see.

4. Manipulate the Tube:

• Gently bend or curve the tubing without altering the height of the open end above the water level.

5. Observe Changes:

• Observe how the water level inside the tubing remains the same as the water level in the container.
• You can measure the height of the water column inside the tubing at different points to confirm that it matches the water level in the container.

Water and Life Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Do you get the water regularly in the same way?
Answer:
Yes, It’s delivered to homes and buildings through a system of pipes managed by local authorities.

Question 2.
What are the other sources of water you depend on?
Answer:
Wells, Tubewells, Rainwater, Lakes, Ponds, Streams etc.
Take a look at the table showing the approximate amount of water used by one person for various purposes.

Approximate daily use of water

Use of water	Quantity (in litres)
To drink	2.5 – 3.5
To cook food	3.0 -4.0
To wash vessels	6.0 – 8.0
To bath and to wash clothes	30.0
For sanitation	50.0
For other purposes	30.0
Total	121.5-125.5

Question 3.
Compare your daily use with the usage in the given table.
Answer:

• Toilets: A single flush can use between 3 and 7 litres of water exclamation.
• Showers: A five-minute shower can use between 60 and 100 litres of water.
• Clothes washer: A typical clothes washer uses between 50 and 100 litres of water per cycle
• Dishwasher: A dishwasher can use between 30 and 50 litres of water per cycle.
  We can control and limit the use of certain things, but not the drinking water.

Eg: Taking shorter showers, running washing machines and dishwashers only when they are full. increasing demand and decreasing availability. The availability of fresh water is decreasing due to an increase in population and an increase in the level of water pollution, it is estimated that 200 crore people in the world do not have access for a sufficient amount of fresh water. If this situation continues, it is expected that the water shortage will become more severe in the coming years. Millions of people die all over the world every year due to diseases caused by water pollution.

Question 4.
For what purpose do you use the water most? How many litres of water do you use approximately in your home per day? Find out and write in your science diary.
Answer:
For bathing and washing clothes. On average, a typical household might use anywhere from 100 to 400 litres of water per person per day, but this can vary widely.

Question 5.
What is the importance of water in our body?
Answer:
Most of the body activities need water. Water keeps us hydrated, cools us down, helps move nutrients, keeps joints healthy, and aids digestion. See the approximate amount of water in our body.

Water is an important component of the human body.
Water is essential for all life functions.

Water in plant
Plants also need water.
What are the functions of water in plants? Look at the illustration.

All living beings need water for life functions.

Question 6.
Did you notice the child’s opinion? Do you agree with this statement f
Answer:
No. water that is colourless and odourless may contain disease-causing microorganisms and harmful chemical substances dissolved in it.
Some information from the water quality testing report is given below.

Tested Factor	Presence
Colour	No
Odour	No
Bacteria	Yes

Question 7.
What is the benefit of testing water like this? Discuss.
Answer:
The presence of bacteria in water can be detected.The salts present in water can also be identified.

Question 8.
Write the definition of pure water.
Answer:
Pure water is Water that is very clean and safe to drink. It doesn’t have anything else mixed in it that could make you sick.
To find out whether the water you are drinking is clean, take a sample of the water and send it to the quality testing labs in your locality to get a test report.

Does water have a shape?

Question 9.
Take water ¡n containers of various shapes. Is there a relationship between the shape of the water and the shape of the container?
Answer:
Water has no definite shape. So it takes the shape of the container in which it is filled.
Observe the shape of the water in each container and draw it in your science diary.

Question 10.
Which of the following objects will float in water? Mark your findings ¡n the table.

Objects	Finding
Stone
Balloon
Coin
Wood piece
Camphor
Plastic
Iron nail
Leaf
Wax
Ice

Answer:

Objects	Finding
Stone	Sink
Balloon	Float
Coin	Sink
Wood piece	Float
Camphor	Float
Plastic	Float
Iron nail	Sink
Leaf	Float
Wax	Sink
Ice	Float

Question 11.
We often utilise the ability of objects to float in water, don’t we? Write some examples for such situations.
Answer:
Rafting, Swimming. Boating. Playing with Paper Boats. Using a Life Jacket, Water Park Fun, Plastic balls fixed to the fishing nets.

Question 12.
Do all substances dissolve in water?
How do we find substances that do not dissolve in water?
Answer:
No. If the substance remains visible as solid particles or floats on the water’s surface without dissolving, it indicates that it is insoluble in water.

Question 13.
(Sugar, salt, vinegar, baking soda, detergent, kerosene, coconut oil, ‘ax. camphor, copper sulphate, potassium permanganate)
Which of the above substances dissolve in water?
Answer:
Sugar, salt, vinegar, baking soda, detergent, copper sulphate, and potassium permanganate are the substances soluble in water.

Question 14.
Are there any substances that do not dissolve in water? Conduct the experiment and list your findings.

Substances that dissolve in water	Substances that does not dissolve in water
• Sugar	• Wax

Answer:
Yes

Substances that dissolve in water	Substances that does not dissolve in water
Sugar	Wax
SaIt	Kerosene
Vinegar	Coconut oil
Baking soda	Camphor
Detergent
Copper sulphate
Potassium permanganate

Question 15.
You have seen that some solids and liquids dissolve in water. Do gases dissolve in water?
Answer:
Yes. Gas can dissolve in water.

Look at the picture

Question 16.
Where do the fishes in the aquarium get oxygen to breathe?
Answer:
Fishes breathe the oxygen dissolved in water.

Question 17.
Have you seen the bubbles coming out of the soda bottle when you open it? How is soda water made?
Answer:
Soda water is made by dissolving carbon dioxide gas in water. The bubbles are caused by the release of carbon dioxide gas when the soda bottle is opened.

Question 18.
What was dissolved when the lemon juice was prepared? Where did they dissolve in?
Answer:
Lemon and sugar are dissolved in lemon juice. They are dissolved in water.
A substance that dissolves is called a solute and the substance in which it dissolves is called a solvent. A solution is formed when the solute is dissolved in the solvent.
SOLUTE + SOLVENT , SOLUTION

Question 19.
List the solution, solute and solvent in each of the previous activity.

Solution	Solute	Solvent
Sugar Solution Soda	Sugar	Water

Answer:

Solution	Solute	Solvent
Sugar Solution	Sugar	Water
Soda	Carbon dioxide	Water
Salt Solution	Salt	Water
Vinegar Solution	Vinegar	Water
Baking Soda Solution	Baking Soda	Water
Detergent Solution	Detergent	Water
Copper sulphate Solution	Copper sulphate	Water
Potassium permanganate Solution	Potassium permanganate	Water

Question 20.
Find more substances that dissolve in water and expand the table.
Answer:
Lemon juice, Coffee, Corn hour, Food colour, Shampoo, Chocolate syrup, Fertilizer etc.

Question 21.
How do you remove jackfruit gum and tar if they stick?
Answer:
We can remove jackfruit gum and tar by applying kerosene or coconut oil.

Question 22.
Why can’t these be washed off with water?
Answer:
It’s because jackfruit gum and tar are not soluble in water.

Question 23.
What is the best way to remove ballpoint pen ink on clothes?
Answer:
Spray spirit or sanitiser and brush it well.

Question 24.
Are the substances soluble in water, soluble in kerosene and coconut oil too?
Let’s experiment.

Answer:

Solvent	Solute
	Sugar	Salt	Baking soda	Copper sulphate	Camphor
Water	soluble	soluble	soluble	soluble	insoluble
Kerosene	insoluble	insoluble	insoluble	insoluble	soluble
Coconut oil	insoluble	insoluble	insoluble	insoluble	soluble

Water has the ability to dissolve many substances.
Hence water is called the universal solvent.

Question 25.
Write more examples that take advantage of the dissolving capacity of water.
Answer:
To wash clothes, To prepare solutions having water as the solvent, To dilute acids, To clean apparatus used in laboratories.
Do the following experiment using water, sugar and ink.
Situation I
Take water in two glasses and mix sugar grains in one and powdered sugar in the other.
Observation I
Powdered sugar dissolves in water faster.
Situation 2
Take two glasses of water. Dissolve the sugar in the first glass with stirring, and dissolve the sugar in the second glass without stirring.
Observation 2
On stirring, sugar dissolves faster in water.
Situation 3
Take hot water in one glass. cold water in another glass and mix a drop of ink in each.
Observation 3
Ink dissolves faster in hot water.

Question 26.
Is there any difference in the speed at which sugar and ink dissolve?
Answer:
Ink dissolves faster than sugar in water.

Question 27.
Find out and write don the factors that affect the speed of dissolution of substances.
Answer:

• Powdered substances base a greater speed of solubility
• On strong stirring, the speed of solubility increases.
• On getting hotter, the speed of solubility increases

Question 28.
How is ice formed?
Answer:
Water solidifies to form ice. Ice is the solid form of water.

Question 29.
What are the uses of ice?
Answer:

• To preserve food items from spoiling.
• To prepare cold drinks, ice creams etc
• To go skating in ice-cold mountain ranges.
• Eskimos use ice to make houses in polar regions.

Question 30.
What happens ¡f the ice is left outside for a short time?
Answer:
Ice melts to water.

Question 31.
Prepare a note by observing changes that happen to ice in different situations.

Situations	Observations
1. When ice is kept in a vessel
2. When ice is heated
3. When the water in the vessel boils
4. When looking at the bottom of the lid of the vessel, after boiling the water

Answer:

Situations	Observations
1. When ice is kept in a vessel	Ice changes to water slowly
2. When ice is heated	Ice melts to water very fast
3. When the water in the vessel boils	Water changes to water vapour
4. When looking at the bottom of the lid of the vessel, after boiling the water	Water sticks to the surface

Question 32.
In many soluations we use the ability of water to conduct heat. Which are those situations.
Answer:
For cooking rice. To keep water in a hotter state. In vehicle radiators, To cool down hotter objects faster, In boilers used in factories. Haven’t you noticed that when water is heated, it rises up as steam?

Question 33.
What happens to the moisture in the wet clothes as they get dry? Discuss.
Answer:
It vapourises and mixes in the atmosphere.
The spreading of small particles of liquid from its surface to the surroundings is called vapourisation. As the substance heats up, the rate of vapourisation increases. Vapourisation occurs at all temperatures. Water is the only substance that exists ¡n nature ¡n all the three states : solid, liquid and gas.

Question 34.
Make the apparatus as shown in the picture. Pour water into any bottle and observe what is happening. Write your findings in your science diary.
Answer:
The water level in all the bottles is the same.

Question 35.
What will happen to the water level in the wells of the nearby houses when water bodies dry up?
Answer:
When water bodies dry up the water level lowers in the nearby wells.

Question 36.
ill the uncontrolled use of water by industries affect the available in that area?
Answer:
Yes. Uncontrolled use of water lowers the water level. As a result wells in nearby area does not get water.
Water maintains its level. This is a property of water.

Question 37.
What is the main body of water on Earth’?
Answer:
Sea.
Sea water contains large amounts of dissolved salts, so it cannot be used for daily needs. The water reaches these water sources through the rain. There are many water sources like wells, ponds, rivers, lakes, canals, tube wells, springs, rain etc.

Question 38.
Write down the sources of fresh water around you
Answer:
Wells, tubewells, springs, rain.

Water drop says
Living beings cannot live without us. As the water bodies get heated up, we rise into the atmosphere. We then get cooled and turn into rain clouds. Then small particles in the rain clouds combine together as raindrops and fall to earth. Thus we become part of water sources.

Living beings depend on the freshwater available on Earth. But some human activities are causing water pollution.

Observe the cases given below.

Question 39.
Conduct a class seminar on water pollution and its remedies.
Answer:
Causes of water pollution

• Washing of clothes and vehicles in rivers.
• Dumping domestic waste into the rivers.
• Dumping factory waste into the rivers.
• Giving cattles a bath in the rivers.
• Flow of fertilisers and pesticides from agricultural fields to the rivers.
• Dumping of human excreta into the rivers.

Remedies

• Avoid washing of clothes and vehicles in rivers.
• Avoid giving cattles a bath in the rivers.
• Adopt suitable methods for waste disposal in houses.
• Avoid dumping factory waste into the rivers.
• Use fertilisers and pesticides wisely.
• Use toilets and other sanitation facilities.

Question 40.
What other methods can be used for water storage?
Answer:
Water fence.

Question 41.
Find out the methods that are being used in your area.
Answer:
Rainwater storage tank, check dam, stone wall, well recharging.

Basic Science Class 5 Chapter 3 Water and Life Question Answer Notes

Question 1.
What is vapourisation? What happens to the rate of vapourisation as a substance heats up?
Answer:
The spreading of small particles of liquid from its surface to the surroundings is called vapourisation. The rate of vaporisation increases as the substance heats up.

Question 2.
How do builders use water to check if two points are at the same level?
Answer:
Builders fill a tube with water and place it between two points. If the water in the tube is at the same height as the reference point, then the two points are at the same level.

Question 3.
Why is water called the universal solvent?
Answer:
Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve many different substances.

Question 4.
how is ice formed?
Answer:
Ice is formed when water freezes arid turns from a liquid to a solid.

Question 5.
In what ways is vapourisation beneficial for our day-to-day life?
Answer:

• The mopped wet floor dries off
• The wetness in the washed vessels disappears after some time.
• Wet clothes dry out.
• Water in the lakes and soil always changes into water vapour.

Question 6.
The gum that sticks to the knife while cutting a jackfruit is removed using kerosene. Which property of kerosene is utilised here?
Answer:
Kerosene acts as a solvent here. The gum is soluble in kerosene. So the gum can be easily removed from the knife.

Question 7.
How is rain formed?
Answer:
As the water bodies get heated up, water rises into the atmosphere. Then the water gets cooled and turns into rain clouds. Then small particles in the rain clouds combine together as raindrops and fall to earth as rain.

Question 8.
When does water pollution occur?
Answer:
Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water, making it unsafe for plants, animals, and people.

Question 9.
Point out any two causes of water pollution.
Answer:

• Washing of clothes and vehicles in rivers.
• Avoid dumping factory waste into the rivers.

Question 10.
How does water reach different water sources?
Answer:
By rain.

Question 11.
Find out the odd one.
a) Buttermilk, spirit, tender coconut water
b) Rivers, borewells, lakes
Answer:
a) Spirit – others help the growth of plants.
b) Borewells – others are surface water sources.

Question 12.
Suggest the solutions for the scarcity of drinking water in your locality.
Answer:

• Do not waste water.
• Minimise the overuse of water.
• Restrict water-polluting activities.
• Restrict deforestation.
• Build rain pits, rainwater reservoirs, etc.

Question 13.
Categorise the following objects into float or sink in water?
(Paper, plastic bottle, copper wire, steel plate, ice cube, honey)
Answer:

Objects that float on water	Objects that sink in water
Copper wire	Paper
Steel plate	Plastic bottle
Honey	Ice cube

Question 14.
Categorise the following objects into soluble or insoluble in water?
a) Sugar syrup
b) Lemon juice
c) Table salt
d) Palm oil
e) Sugar candy
f) Chilli powder
g) Cement
h) Rice batter
Answer:

Objects soluble in water	Objects insoluble in water
Sugar syrup Lemon juice Table salt Sugar candy	Palm oil Chilli powder Cement Rice batter

Question 15.
You might have seen air pumps fitted in the aquariums. What is its need?
Answer:
Fishes breathe the oxygen dissolved in water. Due to continuous breathing, the amount of oxygen in water can be decreased even upto zero per cent. It leads to the death of fish. So, to ensure the availability of oxygen, aquariums are fitted with air pumps.

Question 16.
Check whether the statements given below are true or false. Correct the false statements.
a) When temperature increases, the solubility of substances decreases..
b) Vapourisation occurs when it is hot.
c) Water has the maximum heat-holding capacity.
d) Rainwater is the purest form of water available in nature.
e) The maximum amount of substance present in a solution ¡s the solute.
Answer:
a) False
When temperature increases, the solubility of substances also increases.
b) False
Vapourisation occurs all the time.
e) True
d) True
e) False
The maximum amount of substance present in a solution is the solvent.

Question 17.
Match the following

A	B
Universal solvent	Check dam
Water storage	Chemical fertilisers
Water pollution	Clouds
Water sources	Solutions

Answer:

A	B
Universal solvent	Check dam
Water storage	Chemical fertilisers
Water pollution	Clouds
Water sources	Solutions

Question 18.
The various stages in the purification of water are given in disorder. Place them in the right order.
A. Allow waste to settle.
B. Disinfect.
C. Distribute water to houses.
D. Filter out large debris.
E. Store in tank.
F. Strain through multi-layered sieves.
Answer:
D. Filter out large debris.
A. Allow waste to settle.
F. Strain through multi-layered sieves.
B. Disinfect.
E. Store in tank.
C. Distribute water to houses.

Question 19.
Answer the following
a. Which body part has the maximum water content in it?
b. Which of the following does not sink in water?
(ice, coin, stone, iron nail)
c. Which is the only substance in nature that can exist in solid, liquid and in gaseous state?
Answer:
a. blood – 94%
b. ice
c. water

Question 20.
Answer the following
a. What do you know about the shape of water?
b. Name the universal solvent.
c. What is the gaseous state of water?
d. Which is the main water body on earth?
e. What are the main components of a solution?
Answer:
a. Water has no shape. It takes the shape of the container in which it is kept.
b. Water.
c. Water vapour.
d. Sea.
e. Solute and solvent.

Question 21.
Some properties of water are given in the box. And also their situations in which they are used. Match them correctly.
(Dissolves substances, flows, carries heat, has no definite shape. takes the shape of the container, Exists in the solid, liquid and gaseous state)
a. For sweetening drinks.
b. Carried through pipes.
c. Can be collected ¡n vessels of different shapes.
d. For sterilisation purposes.
e. Can be used in the ice industry.
f. Can be collected in various water reservoirs.
g. Can make puttu using steam.
h. For preparing soda water.
Answer:
a. Dissolves substances.
b. Flows.
c. Has no definite shape, takes the shapes of the container.
d. carries heat.
e. Exists in solid, liquid and gaseous states.
f. Has no definite shape, take the shape of the container.
g. Exists in solid, liquid and gaseous state.
h. Dissolves substances.

Question 22.
A) Complete the table suitably related to dissolving property.

Solute	a)	b)
c)	Water	Soda water
Sugar	Water	d)
e)	0	Copper sulphate solution

B) Three statements related to water are given below. Pick out the correct statements from them.

• The major portion of water present on the Earth is pure.
• Water is called the universal solvent due to its dissolving property.
• Water vapour ¡s the gaseous state of water.

Answer:
A)
a) Solvent
b) Solution
e) Carbon dioxide
d) Sugar solution
e) Copper sulphate
f) Water

B)

• Water is called the universal solvent due to its dissolving property.
• Water vapour is the gaseous state of water.

Question 23.
Observe the picture

a) Which property of water is picturised?
b) What changes in the water level can be seen if we put some sand in the middle vessel?
c) How is the water level in the nearby wells affected if sand ¡s mined from rivers?
Answer:
a) Water maintains its level.
b) Water level increases in the three vessels and thus water maintains its level.
e) If sand is mined from rivers water level in the nearby wells decreases.

Question 24.
Notice the following statement.
(The property of water to dissolve substances helps in washing clothes)
A. List any other two properties of water and write two daily life situations where these properties are used.
B. Complete the table

(i) ……………………..	(ii)……………………….	Solution
Sugar	(iii)……………………	Sugar solution
(iv)……………….	Water	Soda water
(v)…………..	Water	(vi)…………..

Answer:
A.

Properties of water	Situations used
Has no definite shape; takes the shape of the container	Can be collected in containers of different shapes
Exists in solid, liquid and gaseous state	Can be used in ice industry

B.

Properties of water	Situations used
Has no definite shape; takes the shape of the container	Can be collected in containers of different shapes
Exists in solid, liquid and gaseous state	Can be used in ice industry

Water and Life Class 6 Notes

All animals and plants need water to survive. Those who live on “dry” land get their water from the soil or from streams, rivers, lakes, puddles, dew or raindrops. Water is also vital for our own lives. We collect and store water for drinking and washing, for our pets and farm animals, and for irrigating our crops. Each person needs to take in atleast two litres of water daily, to stay alive and healthy. Wells, Tubewells, Rainwater, Lakes, Ponds, Streams etc are the main sources of water. The availability of fresh water is decreasing due to an increase in population and an increase in the level of water pollution.

Properties Of Water

• Water has no definite shape. So it takes the shape of the container in which it ¡s filled.
• Some objects, like coins and stones, sink in water whereas some other objects like paper boats and ice, float on water.
• Some substances like salt and vinegar are soluble in water whereas some other substances like kerosene and wax are insoluble in water.
• A solution is formed when the solute is dissolved in the solvent.
  Solute + Solvent —Solution
• Water has the ability to dissolve many substances. Hence water is called the universal solvent.
• The speed of dissolution of substances depends on the following factors:
  1. Powdered substances have a greater speed of solubility
  2. On strong stirring, the speed of solubility increases
  3. On getting hotter, the speed of solubility increases
• Water can exist in all three states of matter.
  Solid — ice, Liquid — water, Gas — water vapour
• The spreading of small particles of liquid from its surface to the surroundings is called vapourisation. As the substance heats up, the rate of vapourisation increases. Vapourisation occurs at all temperatures.
• Water maintains its level. This is a property of water. Builders fill a tube with water and place it between two points. If the water in the tube is at the same height as the reference point, then the two points are at the same level.

Water Sources

• Earth is a watery planet.
• As the water bodies get heated up, water rises into the atmosphere. Then the water gets cooled and turns into rain clouds.
• Then small particles in the rain clouds combine together.as raindrops and fall to earth as rain.
  Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water, making it unsafe for plants, animals, and people.

Causes of water pollution

• Washing of clothes and vehicles in rivers.
• Dumping domestic waste into the rivers.
• Dumping factory waste into the rivers.
• Giving cattles a bath in the rivers.
• Flow of fertilisers and pesticides from agricultural fields to the rivers.
• Dumping of human excreta into the rivers.

Remedies

• Avoid washing of clothes and vehicles in rivers.
• Avoid giving cattles a bath in the rivers.
• Adopt suitable methods for waste disposal in houses.
• Avoid dumping factory waste into the rivers.
• Use fertilisers and pesticides wisely.
• Use toilets and other sanitation facilities.
• The methods used for water storage include rainwater storage tanks, check dams, stone walls,well recharging,water fences, etc
• Pure water is precious. We should conserve it for our future.

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 11 The Law and The Society Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 11 The Law and The Society Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 11 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
What are the rules of the ‘Kulam Kara’ game?
Answer:

• Usually, this game requires a group of players, ideally 6 or more.
• Imagine the inside of the circle as a pond (Kulam) and the outside of the circle as a land (Kara).
• Children standing around the pool and the shore should take turns to jump as the child who controls the game in the middle of the circle repeatedly says ‘kulam and kara’. In this case, children who jump the wrong way will be eliminated.
• The child who stays until the end of the game is declared the winner.

Question 2.
a) We have to follow certain rules and guidelines for the smooth functioning of the school. What are they?
b) What will happen if these are not followed?
Answer:
a) Follow the time schedule, wear the school uniform, Respect elders and teachers, maintain discipline.
b) If the school’s conditions are not complied with, the punishment will be carried out according to their severity.

Question 3.
You have understood how the laws were formed. List out examples of laws formed in different ways.
Answer:

• Laws based on public opinion – Women’s Protection Laws
• Laws based on suggestions by health experts – the government’s vaccination plans
• Laws for Natural Disasters – Disaster Management Act

Question 4.
Observe and write the indications each of the road safety pictures shows.
Answer:

Question 5.
Prepare placards and slogans and organise a rally on Road Safety Day to create awareness of road safety rules.
Answer:
Placards and Slogans:
Make colourful placards with simple, bold messages like:

• “Follow the Rules, Stay Safe!”
• “Stop, Look, listen – Be Safe!”
• “Wear Helmets, Save Lives!”

(Draw pictures of traffic lights, seat belts, and safe driving.)

Question 6.
Roleplay the instructions for pedestrian safety as different groups.
Answer:
Pedestrian Safety Roleplay
Group 1: Crossing the Road.
Action: Look left, right, then left again.
Say: “Look both ways before crossing!”
Group 2: Walking on the Sidewalk
Action: Walk on the sidewalk, away from the road.
Say: “Stay on the sidewalk to be safe!”
Group 3: Traffic Signals
Action: Show Green = Go, Red = Stop.
Say: “Wait for green to cross!” Group 4: No Distractions
Action: Put away phones.
Say: “Focus on the road, not your phone!”
All Together: “Stay safe! Follow the rules!”

Question 7.
Find the laws you are familiar with and complete the table.
Answer:

Laws	Purpose
Right to Information Act, (2005)	Ensure the right of the public to avail information.
Forest Conservation Act, 1980	If the reserve forest is to be made not so, prior permission from the central government has to be obtained.
The Right to Service Act, 2012	Through this law, service became the right of all citizens. This Act guarantees effective and timely service to the citizens.

Question 8.
Look at the news collage. Which are the laws that are referred to here?

Answer:
Child Labour Prohibition Act, Right to Education Act, Juvenile Justice Act, Prohibition of Child Marriage Act.

Question 9.
Prepare a speech to be delivered in the ‘Balasabha’ regarding the rights of children.
Answer:
(Hints)
Good morning, everyone!
Today, I want to talk about children’s rights. Every child has these rights to help us grow up happy, healthy, and safe.

• Right to Education – Every child should be able to go to school and learn.
• Right to Safety – All children should be protected from harm.
• Right to Health – We deserve clean water, healthy food, and access to doctors.
• Right to Be Heard – Our ideas and opinions matter.
• Right to Play – We need time to play and enjoy life.

Let’s remember these rights and make sure every child gets them.

Question 10.
Prepare posters that spread the message of child rights.
Answer:

Question 11.
Conduct an interview with legal experts, gather information about the laws concerning children and prepare notes.
Answer:
(Hints: Include the questions provided in the interview.)

• What are the important laws that protect children’s rights?
• What is POCSO Act? What are its main limits?
• What are the major challenges faced in implementing these laws?

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Observe Road Safety Week under the auspices of the Social Science Club.
Answer:
(Hints:) Organise public meetings, road safety rallies, flash mobs, etc., in the school.

Question 2.
Organise class-level interviews with childline workers.
Answer:
1. “What does Childline do to help children?”
2. “How can children stay safe and protected?”
3. “What should a child do if they are in trouble?”
4. “How can we spread awareness about child rights?”

Question 3.
Make class-level rules with the help of the teacher.
Answer:

• Respect others and their belongings.
• Raise your hand before talking.
• Keep quiet when the teacher or classmates are talking.
• Always arrive on time.

Question 4.
Visit the nearby police station, observe the activities there and prepare a note.
Answer:
A visit to the police station is a great opportunity to understand the activities there and the duties of the police officers. On arrival at the station, the arrangements of various sections, the counter where complaints are registered, the Circle Inspector (CI) and the Sub-Inspector (SI) are taken care of. One of the main functions of the police station is to register an FIR (First Information Report) and take further action after considering the complaints filed by the citizens. In addition, this includes the investigation of crimes, the safety of the public, patrolling, traffic control, etc. The functions of the police station are crucial in ensuring the safety of the community. Cooperation between locals and police officers is essential for the implementation of social security programs, public meetings, security awareness meetings, etc. All the activities there play a big role not only in enforcing the law but also in cooperating with the people.

Question 5.
Observe the Local Self-Government Vigilant Committees and prepare an observation report on their dispute resolution mechanisms.
Answer:
The vigilance committees primarily carry out collective activities to meet the needs of the locals, resolve disputes and find peaceful ways. The Committee deals with various issues, especially land disputes, family disputes, small and big civil disputes etc. These are issues that can be resolved through mediation, discussion and resolution. Since the members of the committee are in close contact with the locals, they work in such a way that the problems can be solved at the local level without going to legal proceedings. This helps in ensuring a peaceful social life and giving fair treatment to any section of society.

Question 6.
Organise a seminar on the topic, ‘Traps in the Cyberspace’. Make use of the services of experts.
Answer:
(Hints: Organise a seminar on the topic of ‘Traps in the Cyber World’ by combining the given ideas)
Topics to Cover:
Types of Online Traps: Discuss common cyber traps like scams, fake websites, online predators, and social media risks.
Safe Online Behavior: How to protect personal information, create strong passwords, and avoid suspicious links.
Recognising Cyber Threats: Tips for spotting scams, fake profiles, and unsafe content online. Protecting Privacy: Why privacy is important and how to manage privacy settings on apps and websites.

Class 5 Social Science The Law and The Society Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is law?
Answer:
Law is the accepted set of rules and regulations for the existence and smooth functioning of the society.

Question 2.
Why Law is important in a society?
Answer:
Laws are essential to ensure a better life and protection for every individual in the society. Laws are meant for the welfare of everyone in the society.

Question 3.
What are the two main methods for the formulation of laws?
Answer:
Laws are formed mainly in two ways:

• Laws or rules formed through social norms or practices
• Laws formed by systematic mechanisms

Question 4.
What is Social norms?
Answer:
Social norms are the unwritten rules of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours that are considered acceptable in a particular social organisation or culture.

Question 5.
What are the main rules that pedestrians should pay attention to?
Answer:

• In our country, vehicular traffic is on the left side of the road. If you walk on the right side of the road, you can see the oncoming vehicles clearly.
• If we walk on the left side, we can not see the vehicles coming from behind. This increases the risk of accidents.
• If there are sidewalks, use them while walking on the road. Walk only on the right side of the road if there are no sidewalks.
• More than two people together should not walk on the same side of the road.
• Do not walk through areas where pedestrians are prohibited.
• Never walk on the road using mobile phones and headsets.

Question 6.
Match the following.
1. Prohibition of Child Labour Act- 2015
2. Right to Education Act-2012
3. The Juvenile Justice Act- 1986
4. POCSO Act-2009
Answer:
1. Prohibition of Child Labour Act- 1986
2. Right to Education Act- 2009
3. The Juvenile Justice Act-2015
4. POCSO Act-2012

Question 7.
Define Pocso Act.
Answer:
The POCSO Act (Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act, 2012) is a law that has been enacted to protect children from sexual assault regardless of gender. Government of India implemented this act by accepting the recommendations of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children in 1989.

Question 8.
Where are the Supreme Court and the Kerala High Court?
Answer:
The Supreme Court is located in New Delhi and the Kerala High Court is located in Ernakulam.

Question 9.
Draw the hierarchy of courts.
Answer:

Question 10.
Which is the Supreme Court of India?
Answer:
The Supreme Court

The Law and The Society Class 5 Notes Pdf

• Law is the accepted set of rules and regulations for the existence and smooth functioning of the society.
• Laws are essential to ensure a better life and protection for every individual in the society.
• Laws are meant for the welfare of everyone in the society.
• If the rules are not followed, conflicts arise. This endangers the existence of the society. Therefore, violation of rules is punishable.
• A safe and secure childhood is the right of every child. Our constitution guarantees certain rights to children for their safety.
• Our social life proceeds smoothly as we obey these rules. All citizens are equal before the law. The rule of law is a state of living subject to the equality of protection ensured by law.
• The duty of police is to maintain law and order. Courts have the power to resolve disputes and impose penalties/punishments.
• The Supreme Court is the highest court of law in India. It is located in New Delhi.
• The High Court is the highest court of law in the state. The Kerala High Court is located at Ernakulam.
• The chief duty of the courts is to ensure the supreme power of law.
• Laws are formed mainly in two ways: Laws or rules formed through social norms or practices; Laws formed by systematic mechanisms
  Social norms are the unwritten rules of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours that are considered acceptable in a particular social organisation or culture.
• All the laws that existed in the ancient society were formed from norms or practices.
• A state is a politically organise population permanently residing in a territory that is defined within the jurisdiction of a government.
• The elements of a state are population, territory, government, and sovereignty.

 

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 10 Wonders in the Sky and Splendours on the Earth Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 10 Wonders in the Sky and Splendours on the Earth Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 10 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
Draw a picture showing the beauty of nature at the time of sunrise or sunset.
Answer:

Question 2.
Roleplay the solar system with the help of your friends. Don’t forget to introduce each planet with its characteristics.
Answer:
Sun: “Hello, I’m the Sun! I’m the star of this solar system, providing light and warmth to everyone. I’m huge, fiery, and extremely hot. Without me, life wouldn’t exist on Earth!”

Mercury: “I’m Mercury, the smallest planet and closest to the Sun. I’m very hot during the day and freezing at night because I have no atmosphere to trap heat. My days and nights are extreme!”

Earth : “Hello, I’m Earth, the only planet with life. I’m just the right distance from the Sun, so I have water, breathable air, and a variety of climates. I’m home to plants, animals, and people.”

Question 3.
Discuss and make notes on the role of the atmosphere in sustaining life on the Earth.
Answer:
The atmosphere is essential for sustaining life on Earth by providing the air we breathe, regulating temperature, and protecting us from harmful solar radiation. It supplies oxygen for animals and carbon dioxide for plants, enabling vital processes like respiration and photosynthesis. The atmosphere’s greenhouse effect keeps the Earth warm enough for life, while the ozone layer shields us from harmful UV rays. Additionally, it plays a key role in the water cycle and supports ecosystems. Altogether, the atmosphere creates and maintains conditions necessary for diverse forms of life to thrive.

Question 4.
Observe the globe and find the location of Canada and India.
Answer:

Question 5.
Illustrate the revolution of the Earth on a chart and display it in the class.
Answer:

Question 6.

You have read Grandma’s experience. Here, Grandma refers to the changes in nature from her childhood. What changes are they?
Answer:
Rain, Drought, Cold, Heat, Shedding of leaves

Question 7.
Do we get all types of fruits every season? Discuss.
Answer:
No, we don’t get all types of fruits every season because each fruit has its own growing season based on climate and temperature needs. For example, mangoes and watermelons grow in the summer, while apples and oranges are available in winter. Seasonal conditions like sunlight, rainfall, and temperature affect how fruits grow, so some fruits are naturally abundant at certain. times of the year. While modern farming and storage methods make it possible to find some fruits year-round, they are freshest, tastiest, and often more nutritious when eaten in their natural season.

Question 8.
Which seasons do the given pictures refer to?

Answer:
Rainy season, Winter season, Summer season.

Question 9.
What are the sights around you during different seasons? Discuss in class and complete the list given below.
Answer:

Summer season	Rainy season	Winter season
Waterbodies dry up	Rivers overflow	Snowfall in areas with a high altitude
Drought	Frequent rainfall	Trees may shed leaves
Plenty of sunlight	Fresh green vegetation and blooming plants	Dew on grass

Question 10.
Complete the table below based on the two main motions of the Earth- rotation and revolution.
Answer:

Question 11.
How helpful are the accurate and scientific daily weather warnings in daily life? Discuss.
Answer:
Accurate and scientific daily weather warnings are very helpful in daily life as they help people plan their activities and stay safe. For example, knowing about heavy rain or storms can help people carry umbrellas, avoid flooded areas, or delay outdoor plans. Weather warnings also help in preparing for extreme conditions like heatwaves or cold fronts, allowing people to dress appropriately or take precautions for their health. Overall, these warnings make it easier to adapt to changing weather and reduce risks related to severe conditions.

Question 12.
The following is the part that mentions the life of the people in the snowy areas by famous travelogue writer S. K. Pottekkatt in his book ‘Pathirasuryante Nattil.’ What are the special characteristics of this area?

Answer:
Covered with snow most of the year, The ground will be covered with white snow during winter, Night time lasts for six months, and daylight for an hour or two to the maximum.

Question 13.
Locate Norway on the atlas.
Answer:

Question 14.
Prepare, with the help of your teacher, a digital album on the features of snow-covered areas and present it to the class.
Answer:

Question 15.
Complete the chart by writing down the features of desert regions.
Answer:

Question 16.
Prepare a wall magazine, with the help of your teacher, on the species that face the threat of extinction.
Answer:
(Hint) Prepare a wall magazine by using the given pictures and details.

The melting of ice in the Arctic makes hunting and survival more difficult. They are unable to hunt for food.

Under the influence of sea level rise and sea water temperature rise, turtles lose wing space. In addition, temperature changes have a great impact on gender sensitivity.

Bengal tigers are one of the most endangered species, especially in the Sunderbans. Their habitat is threatened by rising sea levels and the depletion of water resources.

Question 17.
Prepare posters to create awareness of climate change among people and display them in the class.
Answer:
(Hints) Prepare posters with the given messages.

• “Our actions today shape tomorrow’s world.
• “Save water to fight climate change
• “Raise Your Voice, Not the Temperature”
• “Be a Climate Hero – Plant a Tree!”

Question 18.
What environmental actions can you take to mitigate climate change? Post your suggestions on the bulletin board in your class.
Answer:

• Reduce air pollution
• Prevent deforestation
• Reduce the use of plastic
• Increase the use of organic fertilisers
• Use Sustainable Transportation
• Support Green Policies
• Choose Eco-Friendly Cleaning Products
• Avoid Single-Use Plastics

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Let’s observe the calendar. Observe the calendar of the current year and find the time of sunrise and sunset on the dates given below and complete the table. Is the time of sunrise and sunset on the table the same? What difference did you find in the length of night and day? Record the information you find in your observation diary.
Answer:

Sunrise and sunset are not the same in June and December. Because June is spring, the day will be longer. Similarly, the month of December is winter, so the length of the night is longer, and the day is shorter.

Question 2.
Collect news and pictures about the Sun, planets and other celestial bodies and prepare an album.
Answer:

Question 3.
Let’s prepare an observation calendar. Observe the seasonal changes in nature in your area and record them regularly in a notebook. Make the observation calendar attractive by including pictures.
Answer:
(Hint)

• The structure of the calendar: designate one page for each month.
• Observe the seasonal changes (spring, summer, rainy season, winter)
• Record the changes in nature every day (rain, sunshine, blooming of flowers, etc.)
• Make the calendar attractive by combining pictures and articles.

Question 4.
Prepare a digital presentation titled ‘Climate and the Life of the People in Desert and Polar Regions’ based on the given points.
Indications

• food
• style of dressing
• occupation
• housing construction
• flora and fauna

Answer:
(Hint)
Slide 1: Title Slide
Title: Climate and the Life of the People in Desert and Polar Regions
Slide 2: Introduction: Overview of the extreme climates of desert and polar regions. Deserts: Hot during the day, cold at night, low rainfall.
Polar Regions: Extremely cold, ice-covered, and short summers.
Slide 3: Food
Desert: Dates, grains, milk, and meat from livestock like camels
Polar: Fish, seal, whale meat
Slide 4: Style of Dressing
Desert: Loose, light robes and head coverings to stay cool and protected from the sun
Polar Regions: Heavy coats and insulated clothing for warmth
Slide 5: Occupation
Desert: Trading and tourism
Polar Regions: Fishing, hunting
Slide 6: Housing Construction
Desert: Mud or clay houses with thick walls, tents for nomads
Polar Regions: Igloos for temporary shelter, insulated houses
Slide 7: Flora and Fauna
Desert: Cacti, shrubs, camels, and lizards
Polar Regions: Moss, ferns, polar bears, and seals
Slide 8: Conclusion
Both desert and polar people have adapted in unique ways to live in extreme climates.

Question 5.
Prepare a magazine by collecting more information and including pictures about the solar system. Provide a suitable title to the magazine.
Answer:
(Hint)Prepare a magazine by including the given information.
Title: “Solar system: a celestial wonder”
Solar system: Shape and structure of the solar system.
Sun: It is the centre of the universe. Information about the structure of the Sun and its radiation process, as well as various layers.
The planets: The characteristics of the eight planets.
Satellites: Information about the major planets. For example, Earth’s moon, Jupiter’s Ganymede, and Saturn’s Titan.
Asteroids: Asteroids between Jupiter and Mars, the main asteroid belt.
Comets: Features of famous comets such as Halley and Hale Bopp and their composition.
Meteors: Explain how they come down to earth.
Images: Include a picture showing the entire structure of the solar system, as well as images of different parts of each planet, moons, comets, and meteors.

Class 5 Social Science Wonders in the Sky and Splendours on the Earth Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are planets, and how do they get their heat and light?
Answer:
Planets are celestial bodies that rotate and revolve around the Sun. They do not emit their own heat or light but get them from the Sun.

Question 2.
What is the solar system made up of?
Answer:
The Solar System consists of the Sun, the eight planets orbiting the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets, asteroids, meteors, and comets.

Question 3.
Complete the missed parts.
Satellite of the Earth – …………a…………..
Galaxy that includes the solar system – …………b………………
Centre of the solar system – ………………..C……..
Answer:
a) Moon
b) Milky Way
c) Sun

Question 4.
Define the given terms.
a) Galaxy
b) Planets
c) Universe
d) Orbit
Answer:
a) Galaxies are clusters of billions of stars.
b) Planets are celestial bodies that rotate themselves and revolve around the Sun.
c) The universe consists of billions of galaxies.
d) The orbit is the path of celestial bodies around the Sun.

Question 5.
Explain the Asteroid and Dwarf Planets.
Answer:
Asteroids are small planet-like chunks of rock found between Mars and Jupiter. Dwarf planets are smaller and spherical objects in the solar system that orbit around the Sun.

Question 6.
Match the planets to their characteristics.

Planets	Features
Earth	Closest to the sun
Mercury	The only planet in which life exists
Neptune	The coldest planet
Uranus	The planet that is farther from the sun

Answer:

Planets	Features
Earth	The only planet in which life exists
Mercury	Closest to the sun
Neptune	The planet that is farther from the sun
Uranus	The coldest planet

Question 7.
What is the difference between the weather and Climate?
Answer:
Weather is the atmospheric condition experienced at a certain time in an area. Climate is the average daily weather conditions experienced in an area over a long period.

Question 8.
Distinguish between Rotation and Revolution.
Answer:
Rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its imaginary axis. As it rotates, the Earth moves around the Sun on a fixed orbit. This is revolution.

Question 9.
How much time does it take for the Earth to complete a rotation?
Answer:
The Earth takes 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds to complete one rotation. This is calculated as a day.

Question 10.
What role does the atmosphere play in sustaining life on Earth?
Answer:
The atmosphere is the blanket of air covering the Earth. It contains gases, dust particles and water. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in sustaining life on the earth by regulating heat and cold.

Question 11.
Explain the life of the people in the polar regions.
Answer:
The people here wear air-tight footwear made of leather and clothes made of fur. It is a common sight to watch the local people called ‘Inuit,’ travelling on flat sledges pulled by domesticated dogs. During the winter season, which lasts for six months, they do not leave their dwellings, which is called an ‘Igloo.’ The chief plant species here are ferns and moss, which survive extreme winter. The chief species of animals are whales, fish, snow owls, seals and polar bears. Hunting and fishing are the means of livelihood of the people.

Question 12.
What are some of the challenges faced by desert regions?
Answer:
Desert regions face challenges like water scarcity, continuous drought, dry winds, and sandstorms.

Question 13.
What atmospheric factor primarily influences the climate of a region?
Answer:
The atmospheric conditions, especially temperature fluctuations, primarily influence the climate of a region.

Question 14.
What human activities are causing climate change?
Answer:
Human activities causing climate change include the emission of toxic gases from vehicles, deforestation, excessive use of plastics, and the application of chemical fertilisers in farms.

Question 15.
List some of the side effects of climate change.
Answer:
rising global temperatures, drought, melting of polar ice.

Question 16.
Why is Norway called the “Land of the Midnight Sun”?
Answer:
Norway is called the “Land of the Midnight Sun” because the northernmost regions of Norway, which are covered with snow for most of the year, experience six months of continuous day and six months of continuous night.

Question 17.
What are the main focus areas of the Haritha Keralam Mission?
Answer:
The Haritha Keralam Mission focuses on soil and water conservation, sanitation, waste management, and organic agriculture.

Question 18.
What kind of clothing is commonly worn by people in the desert, and why?
Answer:
People in the desert wear loose clothing and a headress that covers the face to protect against heat, sun, and sand.

Wonders in the Sky and Splendours on the Earth Class 5 Notes Pdf

• The Solar System consists of the Sun, the eight planets orbiting the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets, asteroids, meteors, and comets.
• Planets are celestial bodies that rotate themselves and revolve around the Sun.
• The Sun is the centre of the solar system.
• Galaxies are clusters of billions of stars.
• The Milky Way is a galaxy that includes the solar system.
• The universe consists of billions of galaxies.
• Rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its imaginary axis.
• The Earth takes 23 hours, 56 minutes 4 seconds to complete one rotation. This is calculated as a day.
• The Earth moves around the Sun on a fixed orbit this is called revolution.
• It takes 365 days for the Earth to go around the Sun once. It is considered as ‘one year. Seasons are experienced as a result of the revolution of the Earth.
• Weather is the atmospheric condition experienced at a certain time in an area.
• Climate is the average daily weather conditions experienced in an area over a long period.
• It is a common sight to watch the local people called ‘Inuit,’ travelling on flat sledges pulled by domesticated dogs.
• During the winter season, which lasts for six months, they do not leave their dwellings, which is called an ‘Igloo.’
• Tropical deserts are large areas of sand, and sand dunes.
• The desert areas are less populated.
• The regions with different characteristics have a different way of life adapted to the climate. Agriculture, occupation, food, clothing, house construction, celebrations, etc., of a region are all shaped according to the climate of that place.
• Natural calamities like snowmelt, droughts, cyclones, floods, etc., occur on the Earth due to climate change.
• Unscientific human activities like toxic gases emitted from vehicles, deforestation, excessive use of plastics, application of chemical fertilisers in farms, etc, cause climate change. Haritha Keralam Mission is a scheme implemented by the Government of Kerala to control the human activities that cause climate change and also to protect the environment.

Reviewing SCERT Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Basic Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Basic Science Chapter 2 Away from Diseases Question Answer Notes SCERT Solutions Pdf can uncover gaps in understanding.

Away from Diseases Class 5 Questions and Answers Notes

Class 5 Basic Science Chapter 2 Question Answer Notes Pdf Away from Diseases

Basic Science Class 5 Chapter 2 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Write down five decisions you have taken to maintain personal hygiene.
Answer:

• I make sure to wash my hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially before eating, after using the restroom, and after being in public places.
• I take a bath or shower daily to cleanse my body, remove dirt, and reduce the risk of skin infections.
• I brush my teeth at least twice a day and floss daily to maintain oral health and prevent dental problems like cavities and gum disease.
• I choose clean, comfortable clothing and change them regularly to avoid skin irritation and infections.
• I maintain a balanced diet and stay hydrated, which supports overall health and helps keep my skin and body in good condition.

Question 2.
Personal and social hygiene are important in preventing communicable diseases. Do you agree with this statement? Please elaborate.
Answer:
Yes, I agree that personal and social hygiene are important for preventing communicable diseases. When we wash our hands, bathe regularly, and brush our teeth, we help keep germs away from our bodies. Covering our mouths when we cough or sneeze and not sharing personal items also helps prevent germs from spreading to others. These practices protect us and those around us, especially those who are more vulnerable, like older people and those who are sick. By keeping ourselves clean and careful about how we interact with others, we can all help keep our community healthy.

Question 3.
Do you agree with the following precautions that we should take to control vector-borne diseases?

• Eliminate conditions that cause sewage accumulation.
• Disposal of garbage in public places.
• If water retention is unavoidable, breed fish such as Guppy and Gambusia in it.
• Food items need not be kept covered.
• Use food items only after rashing.
• Drink boiled water.
• Keep the house and surroundings clean.
• Practice proper waste disposal at the source.

Answer:

• I agree with the following precautions
• Eliminate conditions that cause sewage accumulation.
• If water retention is unavoidable, breed fish such as Guppy and Gambusia in it.
• Use food items only after washing.
• Drink boiled water.
• Keep the house and surroundings clean.
• Practice proper waste disposal at the source.

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare and present a play to educate the public about the circumstances in which communicable diseases spread and the precautions we need to take against them.
Answer:
Title: Germ Busters
Setting : A community park where people of all ages gather.
Characters:
Dr. Clean : The knowledgeable doctor who educates about health.
Deva : A curious young boy who loves playing outdoors.
Ms. Neat : A role model for cleanliness and good hygiene.
Mr. Messy: A character who often ignores hygiene rules.

Act 1 : Meet the Germs
Scene 1 : In the Park
Dr. Clean: (Enter, greeting the audience) “Hello, everyone! Today, we’re going on an adventure to learn about germs and how we can keep them away!”
Deva : “What are germs, Dr. Clean?”
Dr. Clean: “Germs are tiny creatures that can make us sick. They can spread in many ways, so
we need to be careful.”
Scene 2 : How Germs Spread
Dr. Clean: “Germs can spread through the air by touching things or by not washing our hands.”
Mr. Messy : (Ignoring the advice, touches his thee without washing his hands)
Ms. Neat : (Shows proper handwashing) “Always wash your hands with soap and water before eating and after playing.”

Act 2: Staying Safe
Scene 1 : In the Community
Deva : “What can we do to stop germs, Dr. Clean?”
Dr. Clean: “We can follow some simple rules to stay healthy.”
Ms Neat : “Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze, and use a tissue or your elbow.”
Dr. Clean: “Keep our surroundings clean. Dispose of trash properly, and don’t leave water
standing where mosquitoes can breed.”
Scene 2 : At Home
Dr. Clean: “At home, eat clean food, drink boiled water, and keep your living areas tidy.”
Ms Neat : “And remember, if you feel sick, tell an adult and get rest.”

Act 3 : Germ Busters in Action
Scene 1 : Everyone Joins In
Deva : (Excitedly) “Let’s all begerm busters and keep our community safe!”
Dr. Clean: “Great idea. By practising good hygiene, we can all help keep each other healthy.”
Ms Neat : “Let’s all work together and be responsible germ-busters!”
Finale:
Dr. Clean: “Thank you for learning about germs with us today! Remember, good hygiene is our best defence. Stay healthy, everyone!”

Question 2.
Prepare a ‘Waste Map’ of the school premises. Prepare guidelines for making the school environment litter-free on the basis of the information on the map.
Answer:
Creating a ‘Waste Map’ for the school and following guidelines to keep the school clean can be straightforward and effective.

Step 1: Prepare the Waste Map

• Identify Areas: Walk around the school and mark areas where waste is commonly found, like classrooms, hallways, and the cafeteria.
• Mark Bins: Place symbols on the map where different types of waste bins (for recyclables, compost, and trash) are located.

Step 2: Guidelines for a Litter-Free School

• Sort Waste: Teach students to separate their waste into recyclables. compost, and trash bins.
• Keep Bins Accessible: Make sure there are plenty of bins in convenient locations so everyone can use them easily.
• Educate Everyone: Hold talks or distribute information about why it’s important to dispose of waste properly.
• Encourage Reusable Items: Suggest using reusable water bottles, lunch boxes, and bags to reduce waste.
• Clean Regularly: Set up a schedule for cleaning different parts of the school to keep them tidy.
• Community Involvement: Organize events where students and staff can come together to clean up the school grounds.
• Monitor and Adapt: Keep an eye on how the waste management system is working and make changes if needed.
• Celebrate Cleanliness: Acknowledge the efforts of students and classes that do a good job at keeping their areas clean.
  By following these steps, your school can stay clean and make it a better place for everyone.

Away from Diseases Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What could be the reason for the fever?
Answer:
It might be spread from others having fever.

Question 2.
What should be done to prevent the spreading of the disease to others?
Answer:
Avoid contact with the infected people.
Avoid using things like towels used by infected people.
A disease is when your body isn’t working properly because of germs or problems inside it, making you feel sick.

Question 3.
Write the names of diseases you know.
Answer:
Fever, common cold, cough, chicken pox, cholera, asthma. dengue. cancer, diabetes, malaria, heart diseases etc.

Question 4.
Complete the table

Communicable diseases	Non-communicable diseases
Dengue fever	Cancer
Jaundice	Diabetes
—	—
—	—

Answer:

Communicable diseases	Non-communicable diseases
Dengue fever	Cancer
Jaundice	Diabetes
Common cold	Asthma
Malaria	Hypertension
Cholera	Blood pressure
Covid	Alzheimer’s disease

Question 5.
Why do we cover our nose and mouth with a handkerchief when we cough or sneeze?
Answer:
Little drops can fly into the air when we cough or sneeze. There are germs in these drops that could make other people sick. When we put a cloth over our mouth and nose, those droplets get caught and go nowhere. This stops the spread of diseases and helps keep everyone around us healthy.

Question 6.
Why do we keep food items covered?
Answer:
We keep food items covered to protect them from dirt. germs. and insects. When food is left uncovered, dust and tiny germs from the air can land on it, which might make us sick if we eat it.

Question 7.
In what ways do disease-causing microorganisms enter the human body? Discuss and complete the idea chart.

Answer:

Question 8.
Write down the conditions in which vectors multiply.

Vectors	Conditions in which they multiply
Housefly
Mosquito	Mosquitoes breed in discarded plastic bags, bottles, coconut shells and stagnant water.
Rat

Answer:

Vectors	Conditions in which they multiply
Housefly	Houseflies multiply quickly in warm, moist environments with a lot of decaying matter.
Mosquito	Mosquitoes breed in discarded plastic bags, bottles, coconut shells and stagnant water.
Rat	Rats multiply quickly in environments with plenty of food, water, shelter, and warmth.

Question 9.
What can we do to control vectors? Discuss ¡n the class and write down in the science diary
Answer:
To control vectors like mosquitoes and rats, you can:

• Keep living areas clean to reduce food and water sources.
• Eliminate stagnant water where mosquitoes breed.
• Install window screens and use bed nets to keep vectors out.
• Close gaps and cracks in buildings to prevent rats and insects from entering.
• Apply insect repellents on skin and clothing.
• Dispose of garbage properly to reduce breeding sites.
• Regularly clean and disinfect areas where food is prepared and stored.

Question 10.
What are the precautions to avoid mosquito bites?
Answer:

• Keep doors and windows closed in the evening.
• Apply mosquito repellants to your skin and clothes.
• Wear long sleeves and pants to cover your skin.
• Use mosquito nets, over your bed while sleeping.
• Mosquitoes arc weak fliers, so using fans can help to keep them away.

Some more methods to prevent diseases that spread through air, water, food, soil,etc. are

Diseases	Things to keep in mind to prevent diseases
Diseases that spread through food and water	Use fruits and vegetables after washing. Keep food items covered. Drink boiled water.
Diseases that spread through air and contact	Avoid contact with the sick person. Don’t use the sick person’s handkerchief, clothes, etc. Use mask. Maintain personal hygiene.
Diseases that spread through soil and sewage	Use footwear. Prevent wounds in the body from getting into contact with sewage. Wash hands and legs with soap if they get dirty.

Question 11.
What can you do to’ ensure that your home, school, and washrooms are clean to prevent disease?
Answer:

• Sweep, mop, and dust all areas regularly to remove dirt and germs.
• Dispose of garbage in closed bins and take out the trash frequently.
• Clean and disinfect toilets, sinks, and faucets regularly to kill germs.
• Repair any leaks in pipes and faucets to prevent mould and stagnant water where pests can breed.

Question 12.
Enquire about other diseases that affect plants and organisms. Write them in the science diary.
Answer:
Other diseases in plants

• Tobacco Mosaic Virus
• Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus
• Rusts that affect cereals and other crops
• Late Blight that affects potatoes and tomatoes
• Bacterial Wilt
• Banana Bunchy Top Virus

Other diseases in animals

• Avian Influenza
• White…Nose Syndrome
• Rabies
• Canine Parvovirus
• Anthrax
• Brucellosis

Question 13.
Prepare and display posters related to personal hygiene and environmental hygiene.
Answer:
Immunie
Our bodies naturally have the ability to control and fight pathogens once they enter the body. This is called natural immunity. This ability varies from person to person. The body is unable to develop natural immunity against some communicable diseases such as polio and hepatitis-B. We need to take vaccinations to avoid such diseases. This is called acquired immunity.

Question 14.
Which of these are good health habits? Tick them.

• Wash hands only after meals.
• Brush teeth every night after meals.
• Do not trim the nails of the feet and hands.
• Use footwear when walking outside.
• Eat fruits that birds gnaw.
• Do not consume snacks and drinks; keep them open.
• Spit in public places.
• Bathe daily.

Answer:

• Brush teeth every night after meals.
• Use footwear when walking outside.
• Bathe daily.

Question 15.
Which diseases should be vaccinated against?
Answer:
Tetanus, polio, Covid- 19, hepatitis A and B, and measles are some of the diseases that people should be vaccinated against.

Question 16.
Which are the mandatory vaccines to be taken by the age of 16? Discuss in class.
Answer:
The mandatory vaccines to be taken by the age of 16

• DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis)
• IPv (Inactivated Poliovirus)
• MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)
• Varicella (Chickenpox)
• Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)
• Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis)
• HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

Question 17.
Collect more information from interviews with health workers. Do you need to prepare a questionnaire to interview the healthcare professionals? Which questions can be included?
Answer:
Here are some questions that you can include in the interview.

• What are the mandatory vaccines that should be administered by the age of 16?
• Why are these vaccines important?
• At what ages should these vaccines be given?
• Are there any boosters required for these vaccines during childhood and adolescence?
• What are the common side effects of these vaccines?
• How do healthcare providers manage these side effects?
• Are these vaccines readily available in most healthcare facilities?
• How can families ensure they are keeping up with the vaccination schedule?

Question 18.
Complete the chart.

Preventive vaccines
Name of the vaccine	Age	Disease
Polio vaccine		Polio
Tetanus-Diphtheria	10 years
vaccine	16 years

Answer:

Question 19.
Proper awareness Is to be given to the people regarding the mode of transmission of diseases and the methods of prevention. What can we do about this?
Answer:

• Drama
• Puppetry
• Cartoon
• Poster
• Workshops and seminars
• Health fairs

Basic Science Class 5 Chapter 2 Away from Diseases Question Answer Notes

Question 1.
What could be the reason for the increase in communicable diseases during the rainy season?
Answer:
Due to sewage buildup

Question 2.
Enlist the names of some diseases that you are aware of.
Answer:

• Stomach pain
• Dengue
• Bird fever
• Rat fever
• Common cold
• Pig fever
• Chikungunya
• Headache
• Covid.

Question 3.
“All diseases are communicable”. Is this true or false?
Answer:
False

Question 4.
List the diseases ¡n the box as non-communicable diseases and communicable diseases.
Anaemia, Common cold, Chicken pox, Measles, Tuberculosis, Leptospirosis, Typhoid,Kwashiorkor, Diabetes, Hypertension, Headache, Stomachache, Acidity, Epilepsy,Asthma, Cholera, Jaundice, Diarrhoea, Elephantiasis, Malarial fever, Dengue fever,Chikungunya, Haemophilia, Heart diseases, kidney stone, Cancer, Mental diseases,Corona, Plague, Leprosy, Diphtheria, Asthma, Heart diseases, Kidney stone, Cancer,Mental diseases.
Answer:

Contagious/Communicable	Non-contagious/Non-communicable
Common cold	Anaemia
Chickenpox	Kwashiorkor
Measles	Diabetes
Tuberculosis	Hypertension
Leptospirosis	Headache
Typhoid	Stomachache
Cholera	Acidity
Jaundice	Epilepsy
Diarrhoea	Asthma
Elephantiasis	Heart diseases
Malarial fever	Kidney stone
Dengue fever	Cancer
Chikungunya	Mental diseases
Corona
Plague
Leprosy
Diphtheria

Question 5.
What are microorganisms?
Answer:
Diseases are caused by the action of microorganisms like viruses, fungi and bacteria. Diseases spread when these microorganisms get transmitted from one infected person to another.

Question 6.
What are the ways by which the disease-causing microorganisms get transmifted from one  person to another?
Answer:

• Through Water
• Through Food
• Through Air
• Through Creatures
• Through Waste Materials

Question 7.
How does the housefly transmit disease?
Answer:
House flies are carriers of microorganisms. Houseflies from dirty places sit on uncovered foods. When we eat this contaminated food, the microorganisms will reach our bodies and transmit diseases.

Question 8.
Fill up suitably.
Common cold : Air
Jaundice : ____?
Answer:
Contaminated food and water.

Question 9.
Are different diseases like Chikungunya, dengue fever, filariasis and diarrhoea spread by the same creature?
Answer:
No. Chikungunya, dengue fever and filariasis are spread by mosquitoes. However, diarrhoea is snread throwh contaminated water

Question 10.
Why do we take vaccines? How does it protect us from diseases?
Answer:
We take vaccines to protect us from diseases. Vaccinations provide artificial immunity to the body against diseases.

Question 11.
What arc the hygiene habits?
Answer:

• Wash the hands and mouth well before and after food.
• Cut nails once a week.
• Wear clean clothes.
• Wash hands with Soap after going to the toilet.
• Never eat uncovered food sold in the street.
• Never eat fruits without washing them properly.
• Keep the premiscs clean.
• Got to bed at night only after brushing teeth.
• Avoid very hot and very cold food.
• Use a handkerchief while coughing and sneezing.

Question 12.
What causes diseases?
Answer:
Microorganisms.

Question 13.
Activity
Listen to Appu’s opinion

a. What is your response to Appu’s opinion?
b. Complete the circles given below including the benefits of microorganisms.

Answer:
a. No. I do not support Appu’s opinion. Microorganisms are causing diseases, but they are also useful in many ways, like turning milk into curd, etc.
b.
a) Fermentation of rice batter.
b) Converting atmospheric nitrogen into salts in the soil, which plants easily absorb.
d) Decomposing faecal matter into the soil.

Question 14.
Find the odd one.
a. Common cold, chicken pox, measles, rat fever
b. Typhoid, cholera, conjunctivitis
c. Filariasis, Malaria, dengue fever, Cholera
Answer:
a. Rat fever [mode of transmission is through food & water]
b. Conjunctivitis [through contact]
c. Cholera [through housefly]

Question 15.
a. Are different diseases like Chikungunya. dengue fever, filariasis and diarrhoea spread by the same creature?
b. What are the ways by which the disease-causing microorganisms get transmitted from one person to another?
Answer:
a. No, mosquitos spread chikungunya, dengue fever and Filariasis. However, diarrhoea is spread through contaminated water.
b.

• through rater
• through food
• through air
• through vectors
• through waste materials
• through the use of an unsterilised needle

Question 16.
What are the diseases that can be prevented by destroying mosquitoes?
Answer:
Chikungunya, dengue fever, malaria and filanasis.

Question 17.
Microorganisms are very helpful too. Write some examples.
Answer:

• lurning milk into curd
• Fermentation of rice batter
• Converting atmospheric nitrogen into salts in the soil, which plants easily absorb.
• Decomposing faecal matter into the soil.
• Used in the industries of milk products, vinegar, jute. tobacco, leather, etc.
• Utilised in the field of medicine.

Question 18.
Activity
Read the news headlines

a. Prepare a poster to create awareness among the society against such pandemic diseases.
b. Name any two diseases that spread through contact.
Answer:
a. Avoid Artificial Food And Drinks.
Cover Your Mouth And Nose While Coughing Or Sneezing
Don’t Take Food Kept Open In The Air.
b.

• Common cold
• Chickenpox

Question 19.
Han fell sick because of mosquito bites.
a. What are the techniques we use in our house to escape from mosquito bites?
b. Write down three situations favourable for the multiplication of mosquitoes.
Answer:
a.

• Mosquito net
• Fogging
• Mosquito bat
• Mosquito coil
• Kundhirikkam
• Properly dispose of kitchen waste

b.

• Surroundings are let unhygienic and uncleared.
• Undestroyed waterfihled pots make the conditions they multiply.
• Coconut shells, plastic tins and cans, eg shells and useless Lyres are found scattered around that collect water.

Question 20.
a. Jaundice spreads through ———–.
b. Dengue fever is spread by ———–.
c. A disease spread through food and water
d. The disease spread through food.
e. Which disease is spread through animals.
Answer:
a. Water
b. Mosquito
e. Cholera
d. Polio
e. Rabies

Question 21.
Write some mosquito eradication activities that you can carry out in the surroundings of your school with the help of the Science club.
Answer:

• Keep the premises clean.
• Don’t allow wastewater to accumulate in the compound.
• Destroy the water-filled pots, coconut shells and fins found in the compound.
• Properly dispose of the waste materials.
• Don’t allow waste matter and water to accumulate in drains.
• Check whether the drainage system is effective.
• Use preventive medicines.

Question 22.
a. Do you think that medicines alone can prevent diseases? Substantiate your opinion.
b. We have understood why there is an Increase in diseases during the rainy season. What are the precautions to be taken before the rainy season to avoid this? Write any three precautions.
Answer:
a. No Medicines alone can’t prevent diseases. To prevent diseases, we should keep environment and food hygiene, eat nutritious food, drink pure water, breathe fresh air and do proper exercise.
b.

• To burn the dry leaves and other wastes.
• Destroy the water-filled pots, coconut shells and tins found in the compound.
• Proper disposal of kitchen waste.

Question 23.
Which of the following statements do you agree to?
a. All microorganisms do not cause disease.
b. All diseases can be kept at bay by keeping personal hygiene
c. By observing dry days once a week, we can prevent, to a certain extent, diseases caused by mosquitoes.
d. All vaccines are injected.
Answer:
I agree with the statements a, b and c.

Question 24.
Communicable diseases are illnesses that spread from one person to another.
a. What causes communicable diseases?
b. How can communicable diseases spread?
c. What should we do to prevent getting sick?
Answer:
a. Germs like bacteria and viruses cause communicable diseases.
b. Communicable diseases can spread through coughing (air), contaminated food and water,
touching contaminated surfaces, vectors, or close contact with someone who is sick.
c. To prevent getting sick, we should wash our hands, cover our mouths when we cough or sneeze, destroy the breeding sites of vectors, and stay home if we feel unwell.

Question 25.
Are the following statements true or false? Correct the incorrect ones.
a. All microorganisms are pathogens.
b. Dengue is an airborne disease.
c. Communicable diseases do not affect plants and animals.
d. Vaccines destroy immunity
Answer:
a. False All microorganisms are not pathogens.
b. False. Dengue is a vector-borne disease.
c. False. Communicable diseases too affect plants and animals.
d. False. Vaccines boost immunity.

Question 26.
Name two diseases affecting plants and animals each.
Answer:
Animals — lumpy skin disease, bird flu, etc.
Plants — Mosaic disease, brown leaf spot disease, etc.

Question 27.
Activity
Staying healthy is important for everyone. To avoid diseases, we should eat hea1th food, wash our hands regularly, and get enough sleep. Vaccinations also help protect us from many serious illnesses. By following these simple steps, we can keep our bodies strong and healthy.
a. Why is ¡t important to wash our hands regularly?
b. How do vaccinations help us stay healthy? .
c. Name two things we should do to avoid diseases.
Answer:
a. Washing our hands regularly is important because it helps remove germs that can cause diseases.
b. Vaccinations help us stay healthy by protecting us from many serious illnesses.
c. Two things we should do to avoid diseases are eating healthy food and getting enough sleep

Question 28.
a. What are the good food habits?
b.What are the diseases that may spread by consuming polluted food?
Answer:
a. Chew the food well before swallowing.
Keep punctuality ¡n taking food.
Wash your hands and mouth well before and after food.
Avoid stale food that is kept open in the air.
Avoid very hot and very cold food.
Drink atleast 10 to 12 glasses of water daily.

b. Cholera, typhoid, dysentery and polio are spread through polluted food.

Question 29.
Activity
By getting vaccinated, we can help eliminate diseases and keep everyone safe from this disease.
a. What disease does the polio vaccine protect against?
b. How does the polio vaccine help our bodies?
c. What are the two types of polio vaccines?
Answer:
a. The polio vaccine protects against polio, a serious disease caused by the poliovirus.
b. The polio vaccine helps our bodies by building immunity against the virus.
c. The two types of polio vaccines are the oral polio vaccine (OPV) and the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV).

Question 30.
At what age do children typically start receiving their first vaccinations?
Answer:
Children typically start receiving their first vaccinations shortly after birth, often around 2 months of age.

Question 31.
What diseases can vaccines protect us from?
Answer:
Vaccines can protect us from diseases like measles, polio, rhooping cough, and the flu, among others.

Question 32.
News Headline:
‘Global Efforts Intensify to Promote Hand washing to Prevent Disease Spread’
a. Why is hand washing important in preventing the spread of diseases?
b. What are some key times when people should wash their hands?
c. How can communities promote better hand hygiene practices?
Answer:
a. Hand washing removes germs from our hands, which can be transferred to others or to surfaces we touch.
b. People should wash their hands before eating, after using the bathroom, and after touching animals or coming home from public places.
c. Communities can promote better hand hygiene practices by educating people about the importance of hand washing, providing access to soap and clean water, and encouraging regular hand washing routines.

Question 33.
a. What does the measles and rubella vaccine protect against?
b. Why is it important to get the measles and rubella vaccine?
c. What disease does the tetanus vaccine protect against?
d. Why should we get the tetanus vaccine, especiaIl after an injury?
Answer:
a. It protects against measles and rubella, both of which are communicable diseases.
b. It’s important because the vaccine helps to prevent these diseases.
c. The tetanus vaccine protects against tetanus, a disease that can cause severe muscle stiffness and spasms.
d. We should get the tetanus vaccine, especially after an injury, because it helps to prevent tetanus, which can be caused by bacteria entering the body through wounds.

Question 34.
a. Find the relation
Treatment – Medicines
Immunity – _______
b. Name the vaccinations given at birth.
Answer:
a. Vaccines
b. OPV, BCG and Hepatitis-B vaccine.

Away from Diseases Class 6 Notes

Health is the state without disease. In this chapter, we are going to learn how to keep ourselves, out homes, and our surroundings healthy and free from diseases. We will discover simple and important ways to stay clean and prevent germs from spreading. Understanding how diseases spread and how we can stop them will help us to stay healthy and happy.

Diseases

• The action of microorganisms like viruses, fungi and bacteria causes diseases.
• These disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens.
• Diseases spread when these pathogens get transmitted from one infected person to another.

Communicable diseases

• Diseases transmitted from one person to another are called communicable diseases.
• Common cold, conjunctivitis, cholera, typhoid. chikungunya. dengue fever, filariasis, jaundice and rat fever are some common communicable diseases.

Non-communicable diseases

• The diseases that cannot be spread from person to person are called non-communicable diseases.
• Cancer, headache, kidney stones, heart attack, and hypertension are some examples.

Spreading of diseases is through

• Direct contact
• Contaminated food and water
• Air
• Vectors
• Soil

Vectors

• Organisms that bring disease-carrying microorganisms into our bodies are called vectors.
• Mosquitoes, cockroaches, houseflies, rats, etc. are examples.

Measures to prevent diseases b vectors

• Eliminate stagnant water where mosquitoes breed.
• Install window screens and use bed nets to keep vectors out.
• Regularly clean and disinfect areas where food is prepared and stored.
• Apply insect repellents on skin and clothing.
• Dispose of garbage properly to reduce breeding sites.

Hygiene habits

• Always wash your hands with soap and rater, especially before eating, after using the bathroom, and after being outside.
• Use a tissue or your elbow to cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze to prevent the spread of germs.
• Keep your home, school, and surroundings clean. Dispose of trash properly and clean up spills and food waste promptly to avoid attracting pests and breeding germs.
• Dispose of waste in designated bins and avoid littering to keep the environment clean and reduce the spread of disease.
• Ensure that water used for drinking, cooking, and cleaning is and clean water storage containers. clean and safe. Regularly check and clean water storage containers.

Immunity

• The ability of our body to control and fight pathogens once they enter the body is called natural immunity.
• Immunity acquired through vaccinations is called acquired immunity.
• Disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens.
• All microorganisms are not harmful. Some microorganisms help in milk curdling, fermentation, decaying dead matter, nitrogen fixation, etc.
• Diseases that spread from person to person are called communicable diseases. Common cold, chickenpox, malaria, tuberculosis, etc. are some examples.
• These communicable diseases spread through direct contact, contaminated food and water, air, vectors, and soil.
• Organisms that bring disease-carrying microorganisms into our bodies are called vectors.
  Mosquitoes, cockroaches, houseflies, rats, etc. are examples.
• African swine fever, lumpy skin disease, mosaic disease, bud rot of coconut, etc., are some diseases that affect plants and animals.
  The ability of our body to control and fight pathogens once they enter the body is called natural immunity.
• Immunity acquired through vaccinations is called acquired immunity.

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 9 Towards Equality Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 9 Towards Equality Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 9 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
What could be the reasons for the difference in income between families?
Answer:

• People who work in different jobs earn different amounts of money.
• Families with higher education and special skills can often get better-paying jobs.
• People in big cities often earn more because jobs in those areas pay more compared to small towns.

Question 2.
By reading the thoughts of Neenu and Vickey after returning from Peeli’s Village, list out the source of income of both the families.
Answer:

Source of family income of Neenu	Source of family income of Vickey
Lease	Business
Government job	Pension from government

Question 3.
The table shown below gives an approximate estimate of the monthly income of both families.

Family	Monthly Income (approx.)
Vicky	3,00,000 – 5,00,000 (between three lakh and five lakh)
Neenu	1,00,000 – 3,00,000 (between one lakh and three lakh)

Is the income of the two families the same?
Answer:
No

Question 4.
The table shown below gives the approximate monthly income of various families in a panchayath. Observe the table and identify the family with the highest income and the one with the lowest income.

Family	Monthly Income (approx.)
A	4,00,000 – 5,00,000 (between four lakh and five lakh)
B	3,00,000-4,00,000 (between three lakh and four lakh)
C	2,00,000-3,00,000 (between two lakh and three lakh)
D	1,00,000-2,00,000 (between one lakh and two lakh)
E	50,000-1,00,000 (between fifty thousand and one lakh)
F	25,000-50,000 (between twenty-five thousand and fifty thousand)
G	10,000-25,000 (between ten thousand and twenty five thousand)

Answer:

• Family with the highest income – A
• Family with the lowest income – G

Question 5.
Discuss the extent of influence of family income in meeting the needs of your family.
Answer:
Family income has a big influence on meeting a family’s needs. A higher income helps cover basics like food, shelter, clothing, and healthcare more easily. It also allows families to afford better education, entertainment, and savings for the future. With less income, families may need to prioritise essentials and make careful choices about spending. So, the more income a family has, the easier it is to meet both basic needs and extra wants.

Question 6.
What kind of inequalities are mentioned in inter dining, Upper cloth protest, Ayyankali- Panchamim Memorial school?
Answer:

• Lack of opportunity to dine together
• Inequality in dress
• Denial of Education

Question 7.
Why did people from certain social groups have to face discrimination? Do similar situations exist in society? Discuss.
Answer:
People from certain social groups have faced discrimination because of unfair beliefs and stereotypes about them. This means that people judge them based on things like their skin colour, religion, language, gender, or social background instead of who they truly are. Such discrimination led to fewer opportunities for jobs, education, and fair treatment. Even today, similar situations can exist. Some people still face unfair treatment because of who they are or where they come from. However, many people and organisations are working hard to reduce discrimination and create a fairer society for everyone.

Question 8.
Discuss the causes leading to social inequality and the factors influencing them in your class and make notes.
Answer:
Social inequality happens when people don’t have the same opportunities or resources. This can be caused by differences in education, as not everyone has access to good schools. Jobs and income also play a role, as some jobs pay more than others, and people with less income may struggle to get what they need. Discrimination is another cause where some people are treated unfairly because of things like their skin colour, religion, or background. Health issues can also make it harder for people to have the same chances as others. Additionally, where people live can affect their access to services, good jobs, and education. All these factors together influence social inequality.

Question 9.
Shanti is studying in class 5. Her family consists of father, mother, sister and brother. Being in the coastal area, they live in fear when the sea gets rough. The biggest problem they face is the absence of a safe and secure home.
Akash and his family live in a hilly area. It is difficult for Akash and his sisters to go to school due to inadequate transport facilities.
Consider the above two scenarios. What are the problems they face?
Answer:
Lack of security
Lack of basic amenities

Question 10.
Find and discuss, in the class, the opportunities and schemes that help to uplift the students educationally, address their backwardness and reduce inequality.
Answer:
Scholarships and Financial Aid: Many governments, NGOs, and companies provide scholarships and financial help for students who can’t afford school or college fees.

Free or Low-Cost Education: Public schools often offer free or low-fee education, and some countries even provide free university education to reduce inequality.

Extra Learning Support: Remedial classes, tutoring programs, and special grants help students who need extra academic help due to educational gaps.

Access to Digital Resources: Programs provide free or low-cost online courses, laptops, and internet » access to students who lack these resources.

Question 11.
Conduct interviews with elected representatives of local self-governments to gather more information about Life Mission, Theeramythri, Kaivalya, Vidyavahini.
Answer:
To interview local government leaders about programs like Life Mission, Theeramythri, Kaivalya, and Vidyavahini, follow these steps:
Find the Right Person: Look for leaders in your area, like a panchayath president or council member, who know about these programs.
Prepare Simple Questions:
Life Mission: “How does this program help people find homes?”
Theeramythri: “How does it support women starting businesses?”
Kaivalya: “How does this help with mental health and well-being?”
Vidyavahini: “How does this improve education?”
Ask About Their Work: Find out how they help run these programs and any challenges they face. Take Notes: Write down their answers or record with permission to remember important details.
Thank Them: After the interview, thank them for sharing information about these important programs.

Question 12.
Complete the table given below.
Answer:

Projects	Beneficiaries	Features
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme	Those who have completed 18 years of age in the rural area.	Each family is provided with a maximum of 100 days of employment in a financial year.
Life Mission	Low-income families, Homeless people, and people living in poor housing	Provide house
Vidhyavahini	Children in the Scheduled Castes category	It provides better learning resources, ensuring that all students, especially in rural areas, have access to quality education.
Theeramaithri	Fisherwomen	Economic and socisl uplift of fisherwomen.
Kaivalya	Differently abled persons between the ages of 21 and 55 years	Equality of opportunity

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Identify the various schemes and their objectives implemented by the Central/State Governments to materialise socio-economic equality in post-independent India. Note them in a chart and display in the class.
Answer:

SCHEMES	YEAR	AIM/OBJECTIVE
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)	2005	Provides 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in rural areas.
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)	2001	Promotes financial inclusion by opening bank accounts for all.
Mid-day Meal Scheme	2016	Provides free meals in schools to improve nutrition and attendance.

Question 2.
Conduct a seminar on ‘Socio-Economic Inequalities and National Development.’ Sub-topics to be covered in the seminar: Social inequality, economic inequality, reasons for inequality.
Answer:
“Socio-Economic Inequalities and National Development”
Social Inequality: Some people don’t have the same chances as others because of their background, like caste or gender. This can make life unfair for many.
Economic Inequality: This is when wealth isn’t shared equally. Some people have a lot, while others have very little. This can lead to poverty.
Reasons for Inequality:
Lack of education
Poverty
Social discrimination
Few job opportunities in rural areas

Impact on the Nation: When people don’t have equal chances, it holds the whole country back. If everyone has the same opportunities, the country can grow stronger and happier.

Question 3.
Organise public awareness programmes under the auspices of the Social Science Club by preparing placards, posters, etc., of the schemes implemented by the government to resolve socio-economic inequalities.
Answer:
Make placards and posters with the help of elders, such as the examples given below.

• “End social inequality.”
• “The rich and the poor are no longer there-we are a country.”
• “Economic equality is national progress.”

Class 5 Social Science Towards Equality Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the reasons for the difference in family income?
Answer:
The reasons for the difference in family income are mainly in two ways. Difference in Income from employment
Difference in the sources of income

Question 2.
According to Chinnu, families can be divided into three categories based on the availability of income. Do you agree with this statement?
Answer:
Yes, I agree with this statement. Generally, families can be classified into three groups based on their income. They are: Families with an amount of high income, Families with an amount of moderate income, Families with an amount of low income.

Question 3.
When does inequality form in a society?
Answer:
Inequality occurs when the available resources in a society are not distributed equally.

Question 4.
Define the terms?
a) Social Inequality
b) Economic Inequality
Answer:
a) Social Inequality:
Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities and status within a society. Social inequality manifests itself in various forms, such as inequality in income and wealth, lack of access to education and healthcare, discrimination based on race and gender and unequal representation in political and social institutions. The Government formulates policies aimed at promoting equality, justice, and equal opportunities for all members of society to address social inequality.

b) Economic Inequality:
Economic inequality refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, income or resources among individuals or groups in a society. This often leads to inequalities of access to opportunities, education, employment, healthcare and political power. Governments seek to address economic inequality through implementing various policies and initiatives aimed at a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities.

Question 5.
Define the struggle of the women of Travancore in the early 19th century.
Answer:
The Upper Cloth Protest was led by the women of South Travancore from the beginning of the nineteenth century for the right to use upper cloth as part of their dress. After a series of protests, the Travancore Government proclaimed the right to wear any dress for everyone, irrespective of caste or religion, according to their will and pleasure. However, many were not able to wear their favourite clothes due to the customs imposed by the caste system.

Question 6.
What are the scholarships that students get for educational purposes?
Answer:
A number of scholarships have been introduced for students for educational purposes. They are:

• Pre-Matric Scholarship
• Post-Matric Scholarship
• Merit Scholarship
• T.H. Muhammed Koya Scholarship

Question 7.
What is the aim of the Vidyavahini project?
Answer:
Vidyavahini is a project to provide transportation facilities for tribal students to go to school. This scheme is implemented to ensure transportation facility for students who belong to the tribal. communities and to prevent dropouts.

Question 8.
Write the difference between The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) and the Life Mission Scheme.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: The scheme ensures unskilled physical employment for not less than 100 days in a financial year to any family residing in rural areas. Its beneficiaries are individuals above 18 years old. It is a poverty alleviation scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.

Life Mission: The objective of the complete housing scheme (LIFE) is to provide a safe and decent housing system in Kerala for all the landless, homeless people with homes that have not been fully constructed and those whose existing houses are not fit to live in. This is a scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks.
Answer:
a) The project is being implemented by the Government of Kerala for the educational advancement of children in the coastal areas…………
b) ………. is a scheme implemented by the Government of Kerala to provide nutritious food to pregnant women and mothers belonging to the tribal communities.
Answer:
a) Prathibhatheeram
b) Janani Janmaraksha

Question 10.
Write a note on Welfare pensions.
Answer:
The governments implement various schemes for the uplift of the people who face inequality. Central and State governments have been implementing various schemes to provide food, shelter, education, healthcare, and other basic facilities to all sections of people.

Question 11.
What are the various welfare pensions implemented by the government?
Answer:
Various welfare pensions implemented by the governments:

• Agriculture Labour Pension
• Old Age Pension
• Women Pension Schemes
• Disability Pensions

Question 12.
Make a note of the various schemes given below.
a) MGNREGP
b) Kaivalya
c) Vidhyavahini
Answer:
a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: The scheme ensures unskilled physical employment for not less than 100 days in a financial year to any family residing in rural areas. Its beneficiaries are individuals above 18 years old. It is a poverty alleviation scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.

b) Kaivalya: This is a rehabilitation scheme implemented by the Government of Kerala for the differently abled job seekers. The objectives of this project consist of equality of opportunity and social inclusion.

c) Vidyavahini: Vidyavahini is a project to provide transportation facilities for tribal students to go to school. This scheme is implemented to ensure transportation facilities for students who belong to the tribal communities and to prevent dropouts.

Towards Equality Class 5 Notes Pdf

• The reasons for the difference in family income are mainly in two ways:
  Difference in Income from employment
  Difference in the sources of income
• Based on the nature of employment, the income from it varies.
• Families can be classified into three groups based on their income: Families with an amount of high income, Families with an amount of moderate income, Families with an amount of low income.
• The inequality in employment and income leads to the economic inequality in the society.
• Inequality occurs when the available resources in a society are not distributed equally.
• Inequalities can be classified into social inequalities and economic inequalities.
• If there is a difference in wealth, income, assets, salary, etc., in a society, it is called economic inequality.
• Inequality in employment and income leads to economic inequality in society.
• Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of power, status, and resources among individuals and groups in a society.
• The governments implement various schemes for the uplift of the people who face inequality.
• Central and State governments have been implementing various schemes to provide food, shelter, education, healthcare, and other basic facilities to all sections of people.
• The governments implement various schemes for the uplift of the people who face inequality.
• A subsidy is a financial benefit or support provided by the government to individuals or institutions as per criteria.
• Vidyavahini is a project to provide transportation facilities for tribal students to go to school.
• Life Mission scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.