Class 10

Students can read Kerala SSLC Malayalam 2 Question Paper March 2019 (Adisthana Padavali) and Kerala SSLC Malayalam Previous Year Question Papers with Answers helps you to score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Malayalam 2 Question Paper March 2019 (Adisthana Padavali)

Students can Download Biology Chapter 7 Genetics for the Future Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

SSLC Biology Chapter 7 Genetics for the Future Questions and Answers Malayalam Medium

SCERT 10th Standard Biology Textbook Chapter 7 Solutions Malayalam Medium

You can Download Genetics for the Future Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Solutions Chapter 7 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

SSLC Biology Chapter 7 Genetics for the Future Textbook Questions and Answers

SCERT Class 10th Standard Biology Chapter 7 Genetics for the Future Solutions

Question 1.
Observe illustration on the various stages in the production of bacteria that are capable of producing insulin. Analyze it based on the indicators and write down the inferences.

a) How insulin-producing bacteria are created?
b) What is the change that occurred in the genetic constitution of the bacteria that can produce insulin?
c) Will the future generation of this bacteria have the ability to produce insulin? Why?
Answer:
a) Insulin-producing bacteria are created through Genetic Engineering. Cutting the gene responsible for the production of insulin and joining it with bacterial DNA (plasmid).
b) The gene responsible for the production of insulin become part of the bacterial DNA.
c) Yes, the bacteria containing genes that the ability which controlling insulin production They replicates and forms more in number.

Question 2.
Observe the collage given below analysis and prepare notes about it.

Answer:
It is criticized that genetically modified varieties are threat to indigenous varieties and may cause health issues to human. There are possibilities to use the genetically modified organisms are bioweapons that might be applied any country to their enemies is called Bioware. This becomes a threat to the existence of human beings.

Genetic Engineering

The use of microorganisms and biological processes for various human requisites is called biotechnology. The ability of fungi and bacteria to convert sugar into alcohol was utilized to make wine, appam and cake. These can be considered as traditional methods of biotechnology. Genetic engineering is the modern form of biotechnology. Genetic engineering is the technology of controlling traits of Organisms by bringing about desirable changes in the genetic constitution of organisms.

Question 3.
What is the basis of genetic engineering?
Answer:
The basis of genetic engineering is the discovery of the fact that genes can be cut and joined.

• Restriction Endonuclease: The enzyme used to cut DNA at specific sites. This enzyme is known as genetic scissors.
• Liqase: The enzyme ligase is used for joining DNA at specific sites, this enzyme is called as genetic glue.
• Vectors: Plasmids in bacteria are generally used as vectors. A gene from one cell is transferred to another cell by using suitable vectors.

Question 4.
How is the new genes become a part of the genetic constitution of target cells?
Answer:
DNA with ligated genes enter the target cell. Thus the new genes become a part of the genetic constitution of target cells.

Question 5.
Scope of genetic engineering
Answer:
a) Gene therapy
b) Genetically modified animals and crops
c) Forensic test

Gene Therapy

Question 6.
Why is gene therapy essential?
Gene therapy is the method of curing genetic diseases by removing disease-causing genes from the genome and inserting normal functional genes. Gene therapy is beneficial for the sustenance of humankind.

Human Genome Project

Question 7.
What is the significance of the human genome project?
Answer:
The human genome includes about 30000 genes present in his 46 chromosomes. The secret of human genome is revealed through a project, known as the Human Genome Project started in 1990 and ended in 2003 in various laboratories of the world. The Gene mapping technology helped us to identify the location of a gene in the DNA.

Question 8.
What is the benefit of gene mapping ?
Answer:
Gene mapping is a technology by which we can locate a specific gene in the DNA responsible for a particular trait.

Question 9.
What is Junk genes ?
Answer:
In human DNA, majority of genes, except the genes that code for protein are non-functional. They are called junk genes.
The relevance of the Human Genome Project:

• Human genome has about 24000 functional genes.
• Major share of human DNA includes junk genes
• There is only 0.2 percent difference in DNA among humans.
• About 200 genes in human genome are identical to those in bacteria.

Genetically Modified Animals& Crops

Question 10.
Proteins that can be used for the treatment of diseases in humans are produced through genetic engineering.
Answer:

Protein required for treatment	Disease/Symptom
Interferons	Viral diseases
Insulin	Diabetes
Endorphin	Pain
Somatotropin	Growth disorders

Question 11.
One of the future promises of genetic engineering is pharm animals. What do you mean by pharm animals?
Answer:
Genes responsible for the production of human insulin and growth hormones etc. are identified and inserted in animals like cows or pigs to transform them into ‘pharm animals’ (animals providing pharmaceuticals or medicines). Medicines thus produced can be extracted from the blood or milk of such animals.

Question 12.
Instead of bacteria, animals like cows or pigs are used as medicinal animals or pharm animals. Why?
Answer:
It is easy to rear animals like cows or pigs than the culturing of bacteria. Moreover, medicines can be extracted from their blood or milk.

Dna Finger Printing

The arrangement of nucleotides in the DNA of each person differs. This finding leads to the DNA testing. The technology of testing the arrangement of nucleotides in each person also differs. Hence this technology is also called DNA fingerprinting. Alec Jeffrey in 1984 paved the way for DNA testing.

Question 13.
How are persons identified through DNA testing?
Answer:
The arrangement of nucleotides in the DNA of each person differs.

Question 14.
What is the basis of DNA testing?
Answer:
The arrangement of nucleotides in the DNA of each person differs. This finding lead to the DNA testing.

Question 15.
How is it possible to identify the person’s blood relatives?
Answer:
The arrangement of nucleotides among close relatives have many similarities. So DNA fingerprinting is helpful to find out hereditary characteristics, to identify real parents in cases of parental dispute.

Question 16.
What is the scope of DNA testing?
Answer:
DNA fingerprinting helpful to find out hereditary characteristics to identify real parents in cases of parental is missing due to natural calamities or wars. DNA of the skin hair, nail blood and other body fluids obtained from the place of murder, robbery, etc. is compared with the DNA of suspected persons. Thus the real culprit can be identified from among the suspected persons through this method.

Question 17.
Observe the collage given below analysis and prepare notes about it.

Answer:
It is criticized that genetically modified varieties are threat to indigenous varieties and may cause health issues to humans. There are possibilities to use the genetically modified organisms are bioweapons that might be applied any country to their enemies is called Bioware. This becomes a threat to the existence of human beings.

Question 18.
We should utilize science and technologies for the well being of man and other living beings. On the basis of the above statement, should we favor gene technology, which has a few demerits? Share your thought.
Answer:
Though there are certain possibilities of misuse, gene technology has many merits. Hence, we should utilize science and technologies for the well being of man and other living beings.

Question 19.
Is it right to misuse technologies that are used for human progress? As such possibilities prevail, can we promote genetic engineering, organize a debate in the class on this topic.

Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Which of the following is not a part of modern genetic engineering?
a) DNA profiling
b) Gene mapping,
c) DNA fingerprinting.
d) X-ray diffraction.
Answer:
d) X-ray diffraction.

Question 2.
Gene therapy is an example of the benefits of science for human existence.
a) What is gene therapy?
b) What was the discovery that led to gene therapy?
c) How does gene therapy become useful to human beings?
Answer:
a) Gene therapy is the method of curing genetic diseases by removing disease-causing genes from the genome and inserting normal functional genes.
b) Gene mapping
c) We can cure genetic diseases and disorders by gene therapy.

Question 3.
‘Since genetic engineering has many harmful effects, it can’t be promoted’. Do you agree to this statement? Why?
Answer:
No. Though there are certain possibilities of misuse, gene technology has many merits (like medicines, vaccines, treatment of genetic diseases, production of high yield and resistant varieties of food crops). Hence, we should utilize science and technologies for the well being of man and other living beings.

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare a slide presentation including the stages of production of insulin through genetic engineering.
Answer:

Question 2.
Prepare a science excerpt collecting pictures and news related to genetic engineering.

Genetics for the Future More Questions And Answers

Question 1.
Traditionally, human beings adopted and utilized various methods of biotechnology. Substantiate this statement with suitable examples.
Answer:

• Yeast (a fungus) was used to prepare food items like bread.
• Bacteria and fungi were utilized to convert sugar into alcohol or acids.
• Practiced the method of selecting and rearing of cattle or crops of superior hybrid variety

Question 2.
Give example for modern biotechnological practices.
Answer:

• Development of human insulin-producing bacteria.
• Production of ‘pharm animals’, that yielding medicines or vaccines.

Question 3.
The scope of modem biotechnology is endless. Substantiate this statement providing apt examples.
Answer:
The statement is true. Organisms that can withstand adverse conditions, beautiful flowers, amazing animals, effective vaccines, food crops, etc. can be developed through biotechnology.

Question 4.
Describe the stages in the production of human insulin bacteria through the process of genetic engineering.
Answer:

• From human DNA, cut the gene responsible for the production of insulin.
• This gene is joined with cutting of bacterial DNA (plasmid)
• Insert the joined DNA in the bacterial cell.

Question 5.
Both the genetic scissors and genetic glue are used in the process of genetic engineering. What do you mean by these?
Answer:
The enzymes like Restriction endonuclease, used to cut DNA at specific sites, are generally called as ‘genetic scissors’. The enzymes like Ligase, used for joining DNA at specific sites, are generally called as ‘genetic glue’.

Question 6.
Observe the given illustration and answer to the following questions

a) Name the technology indicated here.
b) Name the general term for enzymes that use to cut genes.
c) Which is the vector used in this process?
Answer:
a) Genetic engineering
b) Genetic scissor
c) Bacterial DNA (plasmid)

Question 7.
Define ‘vectors’ in genetic engineering.
Answer:
Vectors are other DNA (usually bacterial DNA), by which genes can be transferred from one cell to another.

Question 8.
Paravur Fire Tragedy: The remnants of body parts sent for DNA test to identify missed persons.
What is the test indicating in this news? How is it possible to identify any person from minute remnants of their body parts?
Answer:
DNA fingerprinting (DNA profiling or DNA Testing). DNA of the skin, hair, nail, blood and other body fluid obtained from the place is compared through DNA profiling with the DNA of suspected person’s blood relatives.

Question 9.
Identify this person. What is the technology that he put forwarded in 1984? Mention its importance.

Answer:
Alec Jeffrey.
He paved the way for DNA testing, by which we can find out hereditary characteristics, identify real parents in the case of parental dispute and also can identify persons found after long periods of missing.

Question 10.
Genetic engineering caused tremendous changes in medicinal field, how? Answer with examples.
Answer:

• Human insulin-producing bacteria.
• Pharm animals, which produce human insulin and growth hormones
• Medicine producing plants

Question 11.
Instead of bacteria, animals like cows or pigs are used as medicinal animals or pharm animals. Why?
Answer:
It is easy to rear animals like cows or pigs than the culturing of bacteria. Moreover, medicines can be extracted from their blood or milk.

Question 12.
Explain briefly about the merits of genetic engineering in the fields of food and agriculture?
Answer:
Genetic engineering influenced in the production of genetically modified disease resistant and high yield varieties of animals, food crops and cash crops.

Question 13.
Bioweapons are crucial threat to human beings. What are bioweapons? Which is the technology behind biowar?
Answer:
Bioweapons are genetically modified pathogens that might be applied any country to their enemies. Genetic engineering is the technology behind this kind of BioWare.

Question 14.
Make a few logo sentences that can be used for the awareness programme against the misuse of science and technology.
Answer:

• Genetic modification can be allowed only for the benefit of mankind.
• Avoid all weapons including bioweapons, save life.
• Science and technologies are meant for protection, not for destruction.

Question 15.
“Genetic engineering is the branch of Science that transforms the living world”.
a) What is your opinion on the above statement?
b) Give reason to substantiate your opinion.
Answer:
a) I agree with this statement
b) In agriculture, medicine, use of superbugs, DNA fingerprinting, misuses

Question 16.
BT Brinjal is less subject to pest attacks. (March 2013)
a) How is it possible?
b) What are the advantages of genetic modifications?
c) What are the harmful effects of genetic modifications?
Answer:
a) The gene which introduced in these plants causes the production of a protein since this protein can destroy pests.
b) Today insulin without any side effects is being manufactured through genetic engineering.

• Superbugs are one of the products of genetic engineering
• Bt cotton and Bt Brinjal are produced.
• The DNA fingerprinting which is used to prove disputed parentage and criminal offenses.

c) A possibility to the pathogens which will not yield to any medicine.

• Superbugs introduced in oil fields destroy oil fields

Genetics for the Future Questions & Answers

Question 1.
Analyze the word pair relationship and fill in the blanks: (Question Pool-2017)
a) Restriction endonuclease: genetic scissors
……………………………………..: genetic glue
b) DNA profiling: Tests the arrangement of nucleotides
………………………………………: Identifies the loca tionofageneinthe DNA
Answer:
a) Ligase
b) Gene mapping

Question 2.
Choose the right statement from those given below: (Question Pool – 2017)
i) Gene mapping is a technology that identifies the location of a gene in the DNA.
ii) The sum of genetic material presents in an organism is called its DNA.
iii) Enzyme Ligase is used to join the genes.
iv) Gene therapy is the technology that tests the arrangement of nucleotides.
Answer:
i) Gene mapping is a technology that identifies the location of a gene in the DNA.
iii) Enzyme Ligase is used to join the genes.

Question 3.
‘Pharm animals’ is one of the promises of genetic engineering. What is the significance of this concept? (Question Pool-2017)
Answer:

• Genes responsible for the production of insulin and growth hormones are inserted into animals, transforming
• them into pharm animals.
• These animals are easy to be reared and cared when compared to bacteria.
• Medicines can be extracted from their blood or milk.

Question 4.
Observe the logo given below. What does it indicate? (Question Pool-2017)

Answer:
Human Genome Project

Question 5.
“Gene therapy becomes the remedy for genetic diseases.” (Question Pool-2017)’
This is a note in Sethu’s science diary.
Do you agree to this note? Justify your opinion. (2)
Answer:

• Yes
• Gene therapy is the treatment for curing genetic diseases by removing disease-causing genes and inserting functional genes in the genome.

Question 6.
Suma murder case – trace of hair obtained from the site of incidence enabled to identify killer. (Question Pool-2017)
a) Read the above news. Name the technology that helped to find the killer?
b) Cite two other uses of this technology
Answer:
a) DNA fingerprinting
b) 1. to solve parental dispute
2. to identify culprits
3. to identify persons

Question 7.
“Insulin-producing bacteria created” – news report Santhosh raises the following doubts about the news. What explanations would you give as a student of Genetics? ‘
a) Which is the technology that helped to create insulin-producing bacteria?
b) Will the next generation of this bacteria be able to produce insulin? Give reason.
Answer:
a) Genetic Engineering
b) 1. Yes
2. Because the gene responsible for the production of insulin is there in the next generations

Question 8.
Given below are the various steps involved in the production of insulin through genetic engineering, Arrange them appropriately. (Question Pool – 2017)
a) Producing active insulin from this
b) Cutting the gene responsible for the production of insulin from human DNA.
c) Bacteria produce inactive form of insulin.
d) Isolating bacterial DNA.
e) Joining the gene with bacterial DNA and inserting it into the bacterial cell.
f) Providing a favorable medium for the multiplication of bacterial
Answer:
b → d → c → f → c → a

Question 9.
A debate has been organized in the topic. ‘Genetic Engineering – scope and challenges’. (Question Pool – 2017)
List out 3 scopes encountered in the field of Genetic Engineering for Anoop and 3 challenges for Safa respectively.
Answer:
Scopes: In the field of medicine, food crops, cash crops, cattle management, nature conservation, gene therapy, etc.
Challenges: Genetic modifications – violation of rights, bioweapons, BioWare, threat to indigenous varieties, health problems in man, superbugs, etc.

Question 10.
Identify the odd one and write the common feature of others: (1) (Question Pool – 2017)
DNA profiling, Electrocardiogram, gene mapping, gene therapy
Answer:
a) Electrocardiogram
Others related to genetic engineering

Question 11.
Given below is a word tree prepared by Appu for classroom presentation. Help him to complete the tree by choosing the words given in the box: (2) (Question Pool-2017)
Junk genes, Ligase, Gene therapy DNA profiling, Restriction endonuclease, Gene mapping, Plasmid, Genetic engineering.

Answer:
a) Restriction endonuclease
b) Ligase
c) DNA profiling
d) junk genes
e) Gene mapping
f) Gene therapy

Question 12.
Observe the table and form matching pairs. (2) (Question Pool-2017)

a) DNA Profiling	i) Treatment for genetic dis­eases
b) Gene mapping	ii) Testing the arrangement of nucleotides
c) Gene therapy	iii) The sum of genetic mate­rial presents in an organism
d) Genome	iv) Locating the position of a gene in the DNA

Answer:
a) ii
b) iv,
c) i,
d) ii

Question 13.

Didn’t you read the news report? (Question Pool -2017)
a) What is the basis of DNA test?
b) How is it possible to identify relations through DNA test?
Answer:
a) The arrangement of nucleotides in the DNA differs in different individuals
b) The arrangement of nucleotides among close relatives have many similarities.

Question 14.
Analyse the table given below and answer the following questions. (Orukkam – 2017)

Crop	Productivity	Resistance to the disease
A	High	Low
B	Low	High

a) What are the desirable characters that you like from hybridization between crop A and B?
b) Is there any chance for getting plants with undesirable characters in the same hybridization? Explain the reason for this chance in the light of Mendel’s experiment in pea plant?
c) Can you suggest a remedy for this problem?
Answer:
a) More productivity, and resistance to the disease.
b) Yes. Four different types of plants may forms in the ratio of. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1, as a result of the self-pollination of plants A and B.
c) Genetically modified plants is the remedy for this.

Question 15.
Read the statement given below and answer the following questions. (Orukkam – 2017)
Gene mapping is the method to identify the location of gene in the DNA responsible for a particular trait.
a) How does gene mapping help in insulin production?
b) What is the significance of pharm animals?
c) What is meant by gene therapy?
Answer:
a) We can locate the correct position of gene responsible for insulin production.
b) Pharmammals produce medicines, growth ‘ hormones, human insulin, etc.
c) The process in which new active gene is added in the place of diseased or inactive genes to rectify genetic diseases is known as gene therapy.

Question 16.
Complete the illustration which represents the scope and misuses of genetic engineering. (Orukkam – 2017)

Answer:
A) Food crops and cash crops with high productivity and disease resistance
B) Medicines: From pharm animals, plants and microorganism
C) DNA fingerprinting: To identify person in disputes.
D) Possibility of BioWare: Using genetically modified organisms as bioweapons
F) Violation of rights: Genetic modification is intrusion upon the freedom of organisms.

Question 17.
Explain the difference between”traditional biotechnology and modern biotechnology with suitable examples (Orukkam – 2017)
Answer:
In traditional biotechnology process, we select and use organisms having desirable qualities, eg. Yeasts were used in bread making.

Question 18.
What are the scope of DNA fingerprinting and gene mapping? (Orukkam – 2017)
Answer:
DNA fingerprinting:

• To identify. real parents
• To find out hereditary characteristics
• To identify apt persons found after a long period of missing.

Gene mapping:

• To identify the correct position of genes in DNA responsible for each characteristic.
• To rectify genetic disorders through gene therapy.
• To produce new varieties of organisms with desirable qualities.

Question 19.
Write down any two arguments that evolved during the debate about the topic “Is genetic engineering for human progress?” From support and against group. (Orukkam – 2017)
Answer:
Environment: Neutralizing substances that cause pollution to nature, Gene therapy, New desirable varieties.
Misuses: Threat to indigenous varieties: Genetically modified varieties cause harm to indigenous varieties.

Students can Download Biology Chapter 8 The Paths Traversed by Life Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

SSLC Biology Chapter 8 The Paths Traversed by Life Questions and Answers Malayalam Medium

SCERT 10th Standard Biology Textbook Chapter 8 Solutions Malayalam Medium

You can Download The Paths Traversed by Life Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Solutions Chapter 8 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

SSLC Biology Chapter 8 The Paths Traversed by Life Textbook Questions and Answers

SCERT Class 10th Standard Biology Chapter 8 The Paths Traversed by Life Solutions

The Path traversed by life Question 1.
Analyze the following illustration and prepare a note on the theory of chemical evolution.

Answer:
Gases like hydrogen, ammonia, water vapor and methane which present in the atmosphere of primitive earth reacted together to form simple organic molecules like amino acids. Thunder and lightning ultraviolet radiations, volcanic eruptions are energy sources. Condensation of water vapor present in the atmosphere and the resulting incessant rain led to the formation of oceans. Simple organic molecules are formed first in the primitive ocean. By further reactions, complex molecules were found including genetic material to evolve the first primitive cell.

Urey – Miller Experiment

Question 2.
Which were the conditions of the primitive earth, recreated by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey?
Answer:
Stanley Miller and Harold Urey re-created the experimental setup, in which the glass flask considered as the primitive atmosphere that contained methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapor. Instead of lightning or other energy sources, they passed high voltage electricity through the gaseous mixture. The condensed water from this gaseous mixture was considered as the primitive ocean.

Question 3.
The organic substances synthesized through Urey- Miller experiment?
a) Amino acids
b) Nucleic acids
c) Nucleotides
d) DNA
Answer:
a) Amino acids.

Question 4.
Observe the illustration and answer the questions that follow:

a) Name the scientists who set up this experiment.
b) What was the aim of their experiment?
c) Name the gases which are filled within the ‘A’ of the figure.
d) Which type of organic molecules did they synthesize through this experiment?
Answer:
a) Stanley Miller and Harold Urey.
b) To prove the theory of chemical evolution (Oparin- Haldane hypotheses) scientifically.
c) Methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapor.
d) Amino acids

Question 5.
Analyze the major events related to the origin of life?

Answer:
Eukaryotes are originated from primitive prokaryotic cell. Gradually colonies of membrane-bound eukaryotic cells are formed. This led to the emergence of multicellular organisms.

Evolution – Through Theories

A) Lamarckism:

Mutation Accumulation Theory Question 6.
Explain the ideas of J.B. Lamarck about organic evolution.
Answer:
Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characters. Continuous use or disuse of an organ results variations to develop changes in the structure of that organ (Acquired characters). These will be transmitted to the next generation to form new species.

Syllabus 10th Class Question 7.
Why did scientists criticize Lamarck’s view?
Answer:
The changes in the body (Acquired characters) that occur in the lifetime of an organism do not affect its genetic constitution and hence not possible to transmit to the next generation.

B) Darwinism:

comparative morphology Question 8.
The items given in the box indicates a scientist.
a) Identify the scientist.
b) What idea did he put forward in the field of evolution?
1. The origin of species
2. HMS Beagle
3. Galapagos Islands
4. Survival of the favorable ones.
Answer:
a) Charles Darwin.
b) Theory of Natural Selection

Question 9.
Given below is the illustration of the ‘Darwin’s finches’ on the basis of indicators, analyze illustration.

a) Which peculiarity of the finches attracted Darwin.
b) How do these peculiarities help finches in their survival?
Answer:
The differences in the beaks of finches attracted Darwin.
The finches of Darwin’s had beaks adapted to their feeding habits insectivore finches have small beaks, cactus feeding finches have long and sharp beaks, woodpecker finches feed on worms in tree trunks have sharp beaks and ground finches feed on seeds have large beaks.

Question 10.
Complete the table of Darwin finches which showed differences in food and food habits.
Answer:

Type of finches	Food	Diversity of the beaks
Insectivorous finch	Insects	Small beaks
Cactus eating finch	Cactus plant	Long sharp beaks
Woodpecker Finch	worms	Sharp beak

Question 11.
Compare the ideas of Thomas Robert Malthus and main concepts of Theory of Natural Selection’ put forward by Darwin.
Answer:

Theory of Robert Malthus	Theory of Darwin
Rate of food production is not proportionate to the growth of human population and when scarcity of food led to diseases starvation and struggle for existence	Every species produce more number of offsprings than that can survive on earth. They compete with one another for food, space, and mate.

The Theory Of Natural Selection

Question. 12
Describe the theory of Natural Selection proposed by Charles Darwin.
Answer:
Variations develop in each species. Only those variations, which are favorable to that nature, survive and those which are unfavorable get eliminated, According to Darwin, organisms of one kind, when produced in large numbers (Over Production), compete for food, space, mate, and other limited resources (Struggle for Existence). In this struggle, only organisms with favorable variations survive in that nature (Survival of the Fittest). Over a long period, the favorable variations accumulate, resulting the formation of new species.

Question 13.
What was the limitation in Darwin’s theory? Who gave sufficient explanations to this?
Answer:
Darwin could not explain the reasons for continuous variations in organisms. However, Hugo deVries explained that one of the reasons for variations in organisms is mutation (sudden changes that occur in genes).

Question 14.
Describe Neo Darwinism.
Answer:
Neo Darwinism is the modified version of Darwin’s theory in the light of new information from the branches of genetics, cytology, geology, and paleontology about the reasons of variations occurred in organisms. Hugo deVries first supported Darwin by his theory of mutation.

Mutation

Sudden changes that occur in genes are called mutation.

Mutation Theory:
Mutation theory explains that new species are formed by the inheritances of sudden changes that occur in genes. This theory formulated by a Dutch scientist Hugo de Vries.

Evidence Of Evolution

Question 15.
Mention the branches of science which provide evidence to organic evolution.
Answer:

• Paleontology (fossil study)
• Comparative morphological studies
• Biochemistry-physiology
• Molecular biology

Question 16.
Define fossils.
Answer:
Fossils are remnants of primitive organisms preserved in earth crust.

Question 17.
Analyze the following illustration.

Answer:
The study of fossils reveals that complex structured organisms are evolved from primitive simple organisms.
Certain linking fossils reveal the evolution of one form of organisms from another form.
Extinction of some species as well as the emergence of new species.

Comparative Morphological Studies

Question 18.
‘Comparative study of structure gives evidence to evolution’. Evaluate this statement.
Answer:
Though there are differences in the external structure (morphology) among different organisms, there are certain similarities in their internal structure (anatomy). The evidence from the comparative morphological studies justifies the inferences that all organisms were evolved from a common ancestor.

Question 19.
The morphological and anatomical structure of forelimbs in lizard, bat and sea cow are shown here. Observe the illustration and answer to the following questions.

a) Are these forelimbs differ morphologically or anatomically or both? What is the reason behind this difference?
b) What is the term used for such organs that are similar in structure but different in function?
Answer:
a) Only morphological differences are there among these organs. Reason for these differences are their adaptations to live their own habitats.
b) Homologous organs.

Question 20.
Homologous organs are seen among reptiles, birds, and mammals. What do you mean by homologous organs?
Answer:
Organs that are similar in structure but perform different functions are called homologous organs.

Biochemistry And Physiology

Question 21.
Observe the illustration and write the inference.

Answer:
All organisms are made up of cells with protoplasm. There are similarities among the cell organelles and cellular activities. Enzymes control chemical reactions and energy is stored in ATP molecules in all organisms. Hereditary factors are gene , seen in DNA and the structure of DNA is alike in all. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the basic substances. There are similarities in growth, excretion, etc.

Question 22.
What evolutionary interference can be arrived from the evidence from the comparative morphological, Biochemical and physiological studies?
Answer:
The evidence from the comparative morphological, Biochemical and physiological studies justify the inferences that all organisms were evolved from a common ancestor.

Molecular Biology

Question 23.
What evidences of organic evolution do the study of molecular biology provide us?
Answer:
Through a comparative study of protein molecules in different species, the evolutionary relationship (similarity/difference) among organisms can be identified. For instance, we can analyze the similarities or differences in the sequence of amino acids in the beta chain of hemoglobin molecules of different mammals and thereby we can understand about the evolutionary relationship among them.

Question 24.
The differences of the sequential arrangement of amino acids in the beta chain of hemoglobin of man with other animals are given below.

Chimpanzee	No difference
Gorilla	Difference of 1 amino acid
Rat	Difference of 31 amino acids

Which animal is so close to human beings? What is the reason for this?
Answer:
Chimpanzee.
There is no difference in the sequential arrangement of amino acids in the beta chain of hemoglobin in man and chimpanzee.

Question 25.
How molecular studies can infer the period of separation of different groups from their ancestors?
Answer:
Mutations are the main reason for evolutionary changes. Through the molecular studies, we can find out how mutation occurs in the genes that determine amino acid sequences in protein molecules. From this, we can infer the period of separation of different group of organisms from their ancestors.

Evolution Of Human Beings

Question 26.
An evolutionary tree relating to certain organisms including humans is given below. Analyze and prepare a note.
Answer:

Question 27.
Which organisms is the closest to humans in specific characters?
Answer:
Chimpanzee

Question 28.
Do you agree with the statement that man is evolved from monkeys? What is your opinion?
Answer:
This statement is wrong. Man come under the group Hominoidea while monkeys are included in Cercopithecoidea. It is believed that both the ancestors of man and monkeys are evolved from a common ancestor.

Question 29.
Name of a few animals are given in the box. Out of these which one is more similar to man? Mention any two peculiarities of the other animals.
Baboons, Chimpanzees, Monkeys

Question 30.
Analyze the following illustration which shows the evolutionary history of modern man.

Answer:

A	B
a) Ardipithecus ramidus	Most primitive human race
b) Australopithecus Afarensis	Slender body
c) Homo habilis	Made weapons from stones and bones
d) Homo erectus	Thick chin and large teeth, ability to stand erect
e) Homo neanderthalensis	Contemporary to modern man
f) Homo sapiens	Modern man

Question 31.
The primitive man might be lived in African continent Do you agree this statement? What is your opinion?
Answer:
This statement might be right, because, fossils of Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus were discovered ” from African continent.

Question 32.
How do modern men differ from the other groups of human beings?
Answer:
Modern man have developed brains and equipped with advanced technologies.

Question 33.
Do the interventions of modern man cause any change to natural evolutionary process? How?
Answer:
Yes. Biodiversity is on a dangerous decline due to the interference of human beings in nature and natural resources. By human interventions, climatic changes brought in as well as the extinction of many organisms.

Question 34.
Here is an incomplete illustration of human evolutionary tree. Find out the missing links.

Answer:
A: Australopithecus
B: Homo habilis
C: Homo neanderthalensis.

Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Which concept is put forward by the theory of natural selection?
a) Origin of life
b) Origin of species
c) Origin of eukaryotes
d) Chemical evolution of life
Answer:
b) Origin of species

Question 2.
List the main concepts that indicate how the biodiversity seen today has been developed from prokaryotes.
Answer:
Origin of prokaryotes 3500 million years ago
Origin of eukaryotes 1500 million years ago
Origin of multicellular organisms 1000 million years ago

Question 3.
How does the interference of human beings in nature influence the process of evolution? How do these affect the existence of other organisms?
Answer:
Biodiversity is on a dangerous decline due to the interference of human beings in nature and natural resources. By human interventions, climatic changes brought in as well as the extinction of many organisms.

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare and exhibit a model of the experimental set up constructed by Urey-Millerto scientifically prove the theory of chemical evolution.

Question 2.
Prepare a chart illustrating the evolutionary tree of man. (See Question 70)

The Paths Traversed by Life More Questions And Answers

Question 1.
The hypothesis which explain how do the evolution occur in living beings is illustrated below:

a) Write the name of scientist who proposed this hypothesis.
b) This hypothesis was not fully accepted. Give reason. (Model 2014)
Answer:
a) Lamarck
b) variations affect genetic constitution only transferred to next generation

Question 2.
Rearrange the following based on the relationship between different Primates. Chimpanzee – Gorilla – Gibbon – Orangutan (March 2014)
Answer:
Gibbon → Orange → Orangutan → Gorilla → Chimpanzee

Question 3.
DDT was sprayed on some insects as an experiment. Among them some died and some 3 survived A second generation was created by mating the survived ones. Again DDT sprayed. This process was repeated on five generations. The result is given in the table. Analyze it arid answer the following questions.

Generations	Percentage of survived insects
1	10
2	20
3	30
4	40
5	50

a) Interpret the result given in the table.
b) What scientific explanation can you give for this result?
c) What may be the result if the experiment is continued? (March 2014)
Answer:
a) After each generation’s resistance to DDT increases, ie. variation increases.
b) It is an example for Darwin’s theory of Natural selection. Due to struggle existence variations will arises and transmitted into next generations.
c) The total population becomes resistant to DDT / Evolution of DDT resistant species.

Question 4.
Name of certain animals belong to primates is given below.
a) Loris,
b) Gibbon,
c) Monkey
i) Which among them is closest to human beings according to the theory of evolution.
ii) Write down any two characteristics of the others. (March 2013)
Answer:
i) b) Gibbon
ii) Lorin
1. Noctural
2. Solitary
Monkey
1. Diurnal
2. Colonial life

Question 5.
Even though chemicals are used continuously, mosquitoes can’t be destructed completely. Write down scientific explanations for this statement on the basis of the theory of evolution. (March 2013)
Answer:
Mosquitoes develop resistant power in them against the chemicals. This is the survival of the fittest. Those mosquitoes which have the ability to resist the action of the chemicals survive, the others die.

Question 6.
Rearrange the following animals according to the evolutionary series.

b) List out any two evidences of organic evolution.
c) Man is involved in the evolution of other living beings. Substantiate your answer. (Model 2012)
Answer:
a) Gibbon, Orang-utan, Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Man.
b) Morphological similarities among animals and similar biochemical reactions indicate about a common ancestor/Different type of fossils are available / Scientific classification or taxonomy and molecular biology indicate that organisms are evolved from common ancestor and how they are interrelated or different, (any 2 points)
c) Yes. The involvement of man in his environment altered the natural evolutionary processes. Human influence may lead to mutation and other natural calamities which lead to evolution or extinction of certain species. Genetic engineering processes caused the production of new species, (any 2 points)

The Paths Traversed by Life Questions & Answers

Question 1.
Identify the odd one from those given below, and write the feature common to others. (Question Pool – 2017)
a) Monkey, gibbon, orangutan, gorilla.
b) acquired characters, overproduction, struggle for existence, favorable variations.
Answer:
a) 1. Monkey
2. Others belong to Hominoidea
b) 1. Acquired characters
2. Others are related to the theory of natural section

Question 2.
Analyze the word pair relationship and fill in the blanks.
a) Monkey: Cercopithecoidea
Chimpanzee:………………….
b) Theory of Natural Selection: Charles Darwin
Mutation theory:………………
Answer:
a) Hominoidea
b) Hugo deVries

Question 3.
The stages related to the origin of life are given below, b Analyse and arrange them correctly. (Question Pool – 2017)
a) Organic compounds
b) Prokaryotic cells
c) Chemical evolution
d) eukaryotic cells
e) Multicellular organism
f) Colonies of eukaryotic cells.
Answer:
(c) → (a) → (b) → (d) → (f) → (e)

Question 4.
Match the following

a) Lamarck	i) Natural selection
b) Darwin	ii) Chemical evolution
c) Oparin	iii) Acquired characters

Answer:
a) (iii)
b) (i)
c) (ii)

Question 5.
An illustration related to chemical evolution is given below. Complete the illustration using the information given in the box. (Question Pool – 2017)
i) RNA, DNA
ii) polysaccharides, peptides, fats
iii) Presence of H₂, N₂, CO₂
iv) Monosaccharides, aminoacids

Answer:
A – (iii)
B – (i)
C – (iv)
D – (ii)

Question 6.
Identify the statements that are related to chemical evolution:
i) Life originated in some other planets in the universe and accidentally reached the earth.
ii) Life originated as a result of the changes that occurred in the chemical substances in water, under specific conditions of primitive earth.
iii) The theory is supported by the organic substances found in the meteors that fell on earth.
iv) A.I.Oparin and J.B.S.Haldane are the proponents of the theory.
Answer:
ii) Life originated as a result of the changes that occurred in the chemical substances in water, under specific conditions of primitive earth.
iv) A.I.Oparin and J.B.S.Haldane are the proponents of the theory.

Question 7.
Tabulate the data appropriately in the box given below.
i) Chemical evolution
ii) Natural selection
iii) Panspermia theory
iv) Mutation theory

Answer:
Origin of life i) Chemical evolution and iii) Panspermia theory
Evolution – ii) Natural selection and iv) Mutation theory

Question 8.
Complete the illustration related to the evolution of human beings appropriately. (Question Pool – 2017)

Answer:
a) Cercopithecidae
b) Hominoidea
c) Small brain

Question 9.
Complete the table using the data given in the box. (Question Pool – 2017)
Most primitive members of the human race, cranial capacity is 460cm³, made weapons from stones and bone pieces, cranial capacity is 1000 cm³, thick chin, and large teeth, cranial capacity is 1700cm³, slender body, cranial capacity 610cm³, cranial capacity 325cm³, contemporary of modem man.

Organism	Cranial capacity	Characteristic
Homo erectus
Homo habilis
Australopithecus
Ardipithecus

Answer:

Organism	Cranial capacity	Characteristic
Homo erectus	1000cm3	thick chin and large teeth
Homo habilis	610 cm3	made weapons from stones and bone pieces.
Australopithecus	460cm2	slender body
Ardipithecus	325 cm3	most primitive members of the human race.

Question 10.
Given below is an illustration of the differences observed by Darwin in the beaks of the finches in the Galapagos island. (Question Pool-2017)

Finches with different beaks emerged from the ancestor finch. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:
Though the finches were similar in sound and nesting habits, only they showed differences in food and food habits. (Insectivore finches have small beaks, cactus feeding finches have long and sharp beaks, woodpecker finches feed on worms in tree trunks have sharp beaks and ground finches feed on seeds have latg beaks, etc.) So, Darwin thought that they were evolved from a common ancestor.

Question 11.
The links in the evolutionary history of modern man are given in the box. Complete the illustration choosing the appropriate ones from the box. (Question Pool – 2017)
Ardipithecus ramidus, Homo neanderthalensis, Homohabilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Australopithecus afarensis

Answer:
a) Australopithecus afarensis
b) Homohabilis
c) Homoneanderthalensis

Question 12.
‘The constant use of antibiotics develops resistance in bacteria”. (Question Pool-2017)
Substantiate the above statement on the basis of the theory of natural selection.
Answer:
The constant use of antibiotics develops resistance in bacteria. It is an example for Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Due to struggle for existence variations will arise and transmitted to next generation. So bacteria become resistant to antibiotic.

Question 13.
Complete the illustration given below, related to the evidences that support the evolution of new species. (Question Pool – 2017)

Answer:
B – Comparative morphology
D – Molecular biology

Question 14.
Scientific study of the remnants, body parts and imprints of primitive organisms are evidences on evolution.
a) What inferences do we arrive at, through such scientific studies?
b) How will you explain these inferences as evidences on evolution?
Answer:
a) 1. Primitive fossils have simple structure
2. Recently formed fossils have complex structure
3. Certain fossils are connecting links between different species.
b) 1. Organisms with complex structures are formed from those with simple structures.
2. Certain fossils indicate the evolution of one species from another species.

Question 15.
The forelimbs of the organisms shown in the picture below, do not show any similarity. Hence they do not have any evolutionary relationship. (Question Pool-2017)

How will you respond to this statement? Substantiate
Answer:
Do not agree

• The similarity in blood vessels, nerves, muscles and bones.
• Such anatomical resemblances indicate that they evolved from a common ancestor
• Differences in their external appearance are their adaptations to like in different habitats

Question 16.
Arrange the following links in human evolution in the ascending order of their cranial capacity. (Question Pool-2017)
Homo sapiens, Ardipithecus,
Homo erectus. Homo habilis
Answer:
Ardipithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens

Question 17.
Arrange the links in human evolution appropriately: (Question Pool – 2017)

Answer:
A -Ardipithecus
B-Australopithecus
C- Homo erectus
D-Homo sapiens

Question 18.
There is a common ancestor for all the different species that exist today.
Explain how Biochemical and Physiological studies substantiate the above statement?
Answer:
All organisms are made up of cells with protoplasm, There are similarities among the cell organelles and cellular activities. Enzymes control chemical reactions and energy is stored in ATP molecules in all organisms. Hereditary factors are gene, seen in DNA and the structure of DNA is alike in all. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the basic substances. There are similarities in growth, excretion, etc.

Question 19.
An excerpt from the article “Darwin view of evolution” is given below. (Question Pool – 2017)
Variations often occur in organisms. New species arise when these variations are subjected to natural selection. But Darwin could not explain the reason for these variations.
a) Explain the reason for variations on the basis of Genetics.
b) How was Darwinism revised later?
Answer:
a) Mutations taking place in gene, chromosome; This brings about variations,
b) Darwinism was revised as Neodarwinism in the light of new information form the branches of genetics, cytology, geology, and paleontology.

Question 20.
The table given below shows the difference in amino acids obtained from a comparative study of the (3 chains of hemoglobin of different organisms Analyse the table and answer the questions. (Qn. Pool-2017)

Organism	Difference from the aminoacids in the p chain of hemoglobin in man
Chimpanzee	0
Gorilla	1
Rat	31

a) Which organism is more closely related to man on the basis of evolution? Substantiate your observation.
b) Explain the reason for the difference in amino acids of hemoglobin of the organisms listed in the table on biochemical basis.
Answer:
a) 1. Chimpanzee
2. No difference in the amino acid sequence in the Beta-chain of hemoglobin
b) 1. Mutations may occur in the genes that determine amino acid sequence
2. This causes changes in amino acid sequence.

Question 21.
A few concepts of scientists like Darwin and Malthus are given below. Classify them in the table given below. (Question Pool – 2017)
a) Selection by nature leads to the diversity of species.
b) Rate of food production does not increase proportionately to the increase in population.
c) Those organisms that overcome the unfavourable situations will survive.
d) Scarcity of food and starvation leads to struggle for existence.

Answer:
Concepts of Darwin – a, c
Concepts of Malthus – b, d

Question 22.
An excerpt from the science article. ‘Man and Evolution’ is given below. Analyze the excerpt and answer the questions. (Question Pool -2017)
Certain evolutionary features make man different from other animals included in evolutionary history. This helped him in his dominance over nature and other organisms. His interference had created a negative impact on the existence of other organisms.
a) What are the features that make man different from other animals?
b) Has man’s interference led to Biodiversity deterioration as mentioned in the excerpt? Evaluate.
Answer:
a) High cranial capacity, ability to stand erect, ability to walk in two legs, ability to make and use machines and tools, cultural development
b) Yes, Climate changes, deteriorating habitats, extinction.

Question 23.
Observe the illustration and answer the questions given below. (Orukkam – 2017)

a) What are the characteristic features of Cercopithecidae group?
b) Name the group which includes man and gorilla. What are the characteristics features of this group?
c) Which organism is close to man from the evolutionary point of view?
Give explanation for this on the basis of molecular biology?
Answer:
a) Small brain, Longtail
b) Hominoidea
c) Developed brain, free moving hands
d) Chimpanzee
The amino acid sequencing in the beta chain of hemoglobin in both chimpanzees and man is almost same.

Question 24.
There exist certain scientific proofs about the formation of different species by evolution. Justify this statement. (Orukkam – 2017)
(Hints – Fossils, Comparative morphological studies, Molecular biology)
Answer:
a) Evidence from fossil studies-Agradual change from simple structure to complex structure, Linking between two groups of organisms.
b) Comparative study of homologous organs Reveals the existence of a common ancestor.
c) Molecular biology proves the evolutionary relationship among different groups of organism.

Question 25.
The different views regarding the evolution of species are given below. (Orukkam – 2017)

a) Name the scientists who proposed those views.
b) Name the view which was not accepted by scientific world. Why?
Answer:
a) A – Gene Lamarck,
B – Hugo devices
C – Charles Darwin
b) Theory of Lamarck was not accepted. The acquired characters described by him, make no change in genes, to affect evolutionary change.

Question 26.
Fill in the blanks by observing the relationship in the first pair. (Orukkam – 2017)
a) Cranial capacity 610 cu.cm: Homo habilis
Cranial capacity 1430 cu.cm : ……………………
b) Gibbon: Hominoidea
Monkey:………………….
Answer:
a) Homoneanderthalansis
b) Cercopithecidae

Question 27.
What do you mean by homologous organs? What evidences do they give for evolution? (Orukkam – 2017)
Answer:
Organs which are different in external structure and function, but similar in internal structure are called homologous organs. The comparative study of homologous organs reveals the possibility of a common ancestor to such animals.

Students can Download Social Science Part 1 Chapter 10 Civic Consciousness Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science History Chapter 10 Notes Malayalam Medium പൗരബോധം

Civic Consciousness Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can Download Civic Consciousness Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 10 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 10 Civic Consciousness Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 10 Notes

Civic consciousness is an important’ idea in the contemporary world. A society lacking civic consciousness will become weak. For maintaining the unity and integrity of a nation, people having civic consciousness are unavoidable. A society with civic consciousness can only solve the problems of die society.

10th Standard Social Question 1.
Point out factors determining civic consciousness.
Answer:

• Family
• Education
• Organizations
• Social system
• Political system

Civic Consciousness Question 2.
Consider the following issues in your society and suggest remedial measures using your civic consciousness

Issues	What can be done?
Water scarcity
Environmental Pollution
Corruption

Answer:

Issues	What can be done?
Water scarcity	1. Efficient use of water 2. Rainwater harvesting 3. Protection of water bodies 4. Give awareness to friends
Environmental Pollution	1. Waste disposal at sources 2. Afforestation 3. Do not litter waste 4. Keep surroundings clean 5. Do not bum plastics
Corruption	1. Giving awareness about evils of corruption 2. Complaining 3. Do not give bribe

Kerala SSLC Social Science Notes 2017 Question 3.
How can children be educated about Civic consciousness?
Answer:
Children need to be taught civic consciousness early because unlike a specific skill, civic consciousness is a school of thought in itself. It is belief in hygiene, respect for other members of society, and humane behavior. Begin by teaching children to keep their immediate surroundings clean and tidy. If they learn to appreciate cleanliness, they will be able to practice it outside of home as well. Explain to them that just because other people dirty their surroundings do not mean them should too.

10th Standard Science Syllabus Question 4.
Suggest the activities that can be initiated by the school for developing civic consciousness in students.
Answer:

• Environmental day observation
• Planting of trees
• Class on importance of blood donation
• Visit of orphanages
• Awareness on storage of water and rainwater harvesting.

Civic Consciousness Example Question 5.
Analyze the role played by organizations in developing civic consciousness. ‘
Answer:

• Develops political sense
• Develops nationalism
• Teacher human rights,\olerance, etc.
• Participates in environment protection.

Question 6.
Give examples of great personalities who had shown civic consciousness
Answer:

• APJ Abdul Kalam
• Mother Theresa
• Mayilamma
• Dasharath Manjhi

Social Science Activity for Class 10 Question 7.
Find out relationship between civic sense and morality.
Answer:
Civic consciousness means social ethics. It reflects the actual personality and shows the responsibility of any person. Morality refers to those principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Describe the role of democracy in developing civic consciousness.
Answer:
Democracy plays significant role in developing civic consciousness. Democracy is the base of all factors contributing to civic consciousness. Rather than an administrative system, democracy is a lifestyle. In each and every human activity, there should be a democratic approach. It is the requirement of a democratic society to develop a group of people having co-operation and tolerance. So democracy will enable us to think about one fellow man, and protect their freedom, equality, and human rights. In short, democracy is the key element of civic sense.

10 Standard Science Question 9.
There are instances of moral and immoral activities in our society. Identify them and fill the following table.

Moral activities	Immoral activities
1.	1.
2.	2.

Answer:

Moral activities	Immoral activities
1. Earn money by hard work	1. Earns money by exploiting others
2. Protects public properties	2. Spoils public properties
3. Helps fellow beings	3. Hurts fellow beings
4. Plant trees	4. Cut trees

These are many factors which help the formation of civic consciousness. Family, education, democratic system, etc., help the formation of the civic consciousness. There is a close relation between civic consciousness and morality.

Question 10.
Given below-some activities with civic sense and with-out civic consciousness. Mark (✓) against the one having civic sense an (✗) against the one having no civic sense.

Statement	Have conscio­usness	Have no conscio­usness
1. Traffic rules should be obeyed while driving in rush roads.
2. There is nothing wrong in littering domestic wastes in public places
3. It is my responsibility too to protect historical monuments
4. It is my duty to protect nature.
5. There is no need to complain against injustice
6. In unavoidable/ necessary circumstances, correction is permissible
7. The elders should be respected and protected.

Answer:

Statement	Have civic consciousness	Have no civic consc­iousness
1. Traffic rules should be obeyed while driving in rush roads.	✓
2. There is nothing wrong in littering domestic wastes in public places		✗
3. It is my responsibility too to protect historical monuments	✓
4. It is my duty to protect nature.	✓
5. There is no need to. complaint against injustice		✗
6. In unavoidable/necessary circumstances, correction is permissible		✗
7. The elders should be respected and protected.	✓

Civic consciousness faces many challenges. The basis of civic consciousness is the activities for the betterment of the society. Media also play an important role in fostering civic consciousness.

Civic Consciousness Model Questions & Answers

Question 11.
What do you mean by civic consciousness?
Answer:
Civic consciousness means social ethics. It reflects the actual personality and shows the responsibility of any person.

Question 12.
Why is civic consciousness important?
Answer:
Separatism, vandalism, intolerance, racism, road rage etc. are all examples of lack of civic consciousness. People are becoming less and less tolerant of each other, of other’s cultures, backgrounds, and other similar traits. India has really diverse people and the need of the hour is general civic sense. It is not uncommon to read or hear about communal friction. Even living in the city has become difficult because people have no consideration whatsoever for fellow city-dwellers.

When civic consciousness is absent in a society, it leads to a lot of problems. Disregard for the law is a primary cause for lacking civic sense. A person who has high civic values does not resort to shortcuts and unethical tactics to get his work done. And being unethical in daily activities does not benefit anyone, as the behavior only gets emulated by other members of society. Ultimately, the situation will reach a point where hardly anything can be done to restore it.

For example, being inconsiderate towards fellow society members will only come right back at you. You have to be social, mature and unbiased when it comes to situations in public. The current state of public transport, for example, is disheartening. And we have no one to blame but ourselves for this condition. There are spit marks, urine, vulgar graffiti, random garbage and overflowing sewers at every nook and corner of India. No city in this country has managed to fight the menace. It is easy to pin everything on the government, but people must first question themselves and their own civic sense. Roads are not dirty because nobody cleaned it, but because somebody dirtied it in the first place.

And such dirt and grime is not acceptable to anybody; it exists only because everybody does it. Even swine flu, which is quickly spreading across the coun: try, was caused by the absence of hygiene. It does not help that people are irresponsible with the disposal of bio-waste. And people continue to indulge in such behavior in spite of knowing the harmful effect. Using everybody does it is an excuse. In India, even prominent personalities indulge in proud displays of lack of civic sense. Take, for example, ministers who delay planes with complete disregard for other passengers or companies that freely pollute rivers and lakes. Itis difficult for a country to change its mindset when its leaders themselves are setting bad examples, round the clock, all the time.

Question 13.
Point out the evils that will be developed in the absence of civic sense.
Answer:
Separatism, vandalism, intolerance, racism, road rage

Question 14.
Point out the I importance of family values in Life
Answer:

• A family is a unit of parents and the children. Value is defined as the quality or worth of a thing.
• Social standards and customs defined by a family prove the emotional and physical basis for a child.
• Values developed by a family are the foundation for how children learn, grow and function in the world. These beliefs transmit the way of life a child lives and changes into an individual in a
• society.
• These values and morals guide the individual every time in his actions. Children tun out to be a good person because of the value taught and given by his family members.
• Ideas passed down from generation to generation make up a family values. It answers the basic question of how one want to like the family life. Family values enhance the character and turn the children to be good human beings.
• Beliefs and trusts built around a family helps the children to be responsible and conscientious adults.
• A child has a strong sense of what is right and wrong and are less likely to become victim of deviant influences.
• Children who are influenced by strong moral values identify them in others quickly which then produces a new generation with similar beliefs.

Question 15.
Where and how does civic education take place? Many institutions help develop citizens’ knowledge and skills and shape their civic character and commitments. Family, religious institutions, the media, and community groups exert important influences. Schools, however, bear a special and historic responsibility for the development of civic competence and civic responsibility. Schools fulfill that responsibility through both formal and informal education beginning in the earliest years and continuing through the entire educational process.

Question 16.
What is the major challenge of civic consciousness?
Answer:
Standing for one’s own interest by neglecting general interests of the society is the major challenge of civic consciousness.

Let Us Assess

Question 17.
Point out the characteristics of persons having civic consciousness.
Answer:

• Social commitment.
• Tolerance.
• Helping Mentality
• Environmental concerns
• Moral values
• Sympathy

Question 18.
Explain Civic consciousness?
Answer:
Civic sense is nothing but social ethics. It is considered by the people for the unspoken norms of society. A lot of people assume that civic sense is just about keeping the roads, streets and public property clean. But civic sense is more than that; it has to do with law-abiding, respect for fellow men and maintaining decorum in public places. A lot of foreign countries function in a smooth manner because of the strong civic sense amongst its people.

Question 19.
Discuss the role of family in inculcating civic consciousness.
Answer:
The family is important in developing the moral values of child. There is a close contact between the parents and children, which determines the personality of child.
Family is the foundation on which values are built. Moral values like truthfulness, happiness, peace, justice are instilled in children’s thoughts, feelings and actions and they function as ideals and standards that govern their actions in their life.

The value system practiced in the family becomes automatic to the young family embers if they are taught moral values systematically. The family, shapes the child’s attitude towards people and society, and helps in mental growth in the child and supports his ambitions and values. Blissful and cheerful atmosphere in the family will develop the love, affection, tolerance, and generosity.

A child learns his behavior by modeling what he sees around him. Family plays a major role in helping a child socialize and has great influence and bearing on the progress of the child. Joint family stem, the presence of elders in the family plays the effective . role in social and moral development of the children. It will also help young generation of the family to imbibe human values and eradicate their negative mental tendencies when they are among elders. Children identify themselves with their parents, other family elders and adopt them as their personal models for emulation and imitation and hero-worship them.

The behavioral problems are set correct only by the involvement of family in the child’s life as they spend most of their time in adolescence with the parents. Family is the first social organization that provides the immediate proximity from which the kid can learn his behavior.

 

Question 20.
What is civic education?
Answer:
Civic Education in a democracy is education in self-government. Democratic self-government means that citizens are actively involved in their own governance; they do not just passively accept the dictums of others or acquiesce to the demands of others. As Aristotle put it in his Politics (c 340 BC), “If liberty and equality, as is thought by some, are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be attained when all persons alike share in the government to the utmost. “In other words, the ideals of democracy are most completely realized when every member of the political community shares in its governance.

Members of the political community are its citizens, hence citizenship in a democracy in membership in the body politic. Membership implies participation, but not participation for participation’s sake. Citizen participation in a democratic society must be based on informed, critical reflection, and on the understanding and acceptance of the rights and responsibilities that go with that membership.

Question 21.
Suggest methods for overcoming the challenges feed by civic consciousness.
Answer:
i) Critically evaluate one’s own activities.
ii) Stand for own interests without hurting public interests.
iii) Develop democratic approach.
iv) Give equal consideration to rights and duties.

Question 22.
Discuss the role of education and media in developing civic consciousness.
Answer:
The aim of education is to enable a person to practice the knowledge he learnt from various subjects in the society. In this way, education helps in developing tolerance, values, leadership qualities, scientific awareness, and environmental awareness. A society with great civic sense can be produced by value-based education.

Media also play important role in developing civic sense. Both print and electronic media influence the society. News and information are brought to the society by these media. Correct and fact-based in-formation will help in creative idea dorm action. Thus media should be free and impartial. Their role should also be evaluated critically.

Question 23.
Prepare a note on “Social science learning and civic consciousness”.
Answer:
The study of social science helps in developing civic sense in people. Social science itself deals with studies related to man and society. The study of social studies help in civic sense development in the following ways.

• Social science studies help individuals to behave will in a society and respect the diversities of the nation wittolerance.
• Social studies helps to understand the socio-political-economic and environmental issues under various
• situations.
• Social studies studies enable a person to suggest creative and effective solutions to solve social issues.
• Social studies being the message of peace and coexistence into the propel.
• Social studies familiarise examples of great personalities and thereby enrich the society with great civic sense.

Question 24. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is meant by civic consciousness?
Answer:
Civic consciousness is the awareness that each citizen is for the society and the best interests of the society are same that of the interests of the citizen.

Question 25. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write two problems in society due to the lack of civic consciousness. Suggest two measures to rectify them.
Answer:
Problems — Measures to rectify
Water scarcity — Rainwater harvesting
Environmental pollution — Garbage treatment of source
Corruption — Awareness against corruption
Epidemics — Awareness, cleaning
Poisoned vegetables — Organic farming (Any two)

Question 26.
What are the important factors that formulate civic consciousness?
Answer:
Family, education, associations, social system, political system.

Question 27. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Family and education play significant role in fostering civil consciousness. Substantiate.
Answer:
Family:

• Respect elders
• Foster responsibility in members
• Encourage social-services

Education:

• Equips to utilize knowledge for the benefit of society.
• Creates value-based education, environmental awareness, scientific awareness, tolerance, etc.

Question 28. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain the role of media and democratic system in fostering civic consciousness.
Answer:
Media:

• Truthful news and information made possible to reaches the people.
• Do independent and impartial media work.
• Evaluate information critically.

Democratic system:

• Inevitable component of civic consciousness.
• Democracy is a way of life. Foster co-operation and create awareness about liberty, equality and right.
• Democracy is based on the rule of law.

Question 29. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Mother Teresa and Kallen Pokkudan became role models of civic consciousness based on their style of life. Substantiate.
Answer:
Mother Teresa: Nursing the destitute and charity work
Kallen Pokkudan: Planted mangroves and created environmental awareness

Question 30. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is meant by morality?
Answer:
Morality means executing one’s duties as responsible persons with discretion to choose right from the wrong.

Question 31. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Those who tries to foster civic consciousness in society faces a number of challenges. Write two measures to overcome them.
Answer:

• Should take up work without denying public interest.
• Act democratically with tolerance. (Similar answers should be considered)

Question 32. (Qn. Pool-2017)
How can we utilize the study of social science in formulating civic consciousness?
Answer:

• Respects diversity through study to social science.
• Behave intolerance.
• Helps to understand the various backgrounds of political, social, economic and environmental problems.
• Equips the individual to suggest comprehensive solutions to different problems.
• Disseminate the message of peace and co-operation among the people in society.

10 Standard Science Part Question 33. (Qn. Pool -2017)
What are the problems faced by people due to the absence of civic consciousness?
Answer:
Selfishness, absence of peace and insecurity.

Question 34. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Civic consciousness helps to solve several problems faced by society. Substantiate.
Answer:
Problems — Measures to rectify
Scarcity of water — Rainwater harvesting
Environmental pollution — Garbage disposal at source
Corruption —Awareness against corruption

Question 35. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Associations can promote environmental awareness and awareness on human rights in individuals. Substantiate.
Answer:
Possible. Several associations are working in the fields of environmental protection, human rights protection, charity, etc.,

Question 36. (Orukkam – 2017)

Answer:

Question 37. (Orukkam – 2017)
The main challenge faced by civic consciousness is the mindset to do anything for the sake of one’s own personal interest by.negating public interest. Find out the ways to overcome the challenges of civic consciousness.

Answer:

Question 38. (Orukkam – 2017)
Prepare a table and classify the following statements as activities with civic consciousness and without civic consciousness.
1. Obey traffic rules even if you are busy.
2. There is nothing wrong in disposing of garbage in public places.
3. Don’t complain against injustice.
4. It is my duty to protect historical monuments.
5. Corruption is permissible during crucial situations.
Answer:

Civic Consciousness	Absence of Civic ’ Consciousness
1. Obey traffic rules even if you are ‘ busy.	1. There is nothing wrong in disposing garbage in public places.
2. It is my duty to protect historical monuments.	2. Don’t complain against injustice.
	3. Corruption is permissible during crucial situations.

You can Download Sociology: What? Why? Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 11 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 11 Sociology: What? Why? Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 11 Notes

Sociology deals with society and various social issues. Many factors contributed to the development of sociology. It analyses different areas. Sociology has many peculiarities different from that of other social sciences.

Question 1.
Based on the description given in the table, identify the branch of social science.

1) Study of economic activities
2) Enquiry of past events and civilization.
3) Study of nation and the rights.
4) Study of the origin and evolution of man-kind.
5) Study of human mind and mental conditions.

Answer:

1) Study of economic activities	Economics
2) Enquiry of past events and civilization.	History
3) Study of nation and the rights.	Political Science
4) Study of the origin and evolution of man-kind.	Anthropology
5) Study of human mind and mental conditions.	Psychology

Question 2.
Observation can be of two types – which are they?
Answer:
1. Participant observation
2. Non-participant observation

Question 3.
Explain observation method in social science research.
Answer:
Observation can be of two types such as,

• Participant observation
• Non-participant observation.

In participant observation method, the observer collects information directly from the study area. This method is very popular in social science research. For understanding the issues and collecting information, the researcher personalise the language, culture, etc., of a social group. This helps him to understand the entire features of the area of his study. This method is also known as fieldwork.

On the other hand, in case of nonparticipant observation, the researcher does not collect information directly from the area of study. Instead, the researcher collects information through his observation from outside.

Sociology has different methods of study. These methods are used to analyze different areas. Social survey, interview, observation, case study are the methods of study in sociology. Each method has its own peculiarities.

Question 4.
Explain the methodology in social science research.
Answer:
1) Social survey:
Survey method is the most appropriate method to study social subjects/issues. In this method, information is collected from a group of people selected according a some specific criteria. By analyzing the information, researcher can come across some find¬ings on a particular issue.

2) Interview:
Interview is face to face and verbal conversation be-tween researcher and respondent. When interview method is not practical researcher adopts observation method in which he records what he sees, hears and experiences through his observation.
The precautions while choosing interview method are:

• Identify suitable persons for interviews.
• Have clear cut idea about the information to be collected.
• Prepare suitable questions.
• Lead effective method of interview.
• Time management
• logical arrangement of information and report Writing.

3) Observation:
Observation can be of two types such as,

• Participant Observation
• Non-participant observation.

In participant observation method, the observer collects information directly from the study area. This method is very popular in social science research. For understanding the issues and collecting information, the researcher personalise the language, culture, etc., of a social group. This helps him to understand the entire features of the area of his study. This method is also known as fieldwork.

On the other hand, in case of nonparticipant observation, the researcher does not collect information directly from the area of study. Instead, the researcher collects information through his observation from outside.

4) Case Study:
This method is adopted to study extraordinary is-sues in-depth. Such studies will be very comprehensive. It will be a complete study of a particular case. Case study is also used for data collection.

Question 5.
Discuss the difference between creative writing and social science studies.
Answer:
There are differences between creative writing and social science studies. These differences can be listed as follows.
Creative writing:

• Deals with imagination and creativity
• Social events are expressed in its beauty.
• Aims at enjoyment of creative writing.

Social science studies:

• Social phenomena and subjects are scientifically analyzed
• Makes cause-effect studies of events.
• Analyses the society objectively.

Question 6.
Discuss the importance of sociology.
Answer:

• It helps to formulate real idea about the society.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to identify relation between individuals and social institutions.
• It studies social issues
• It helps to find solutions to social issues
• It is helpful in social planning and development.
• Studies on backward classes, exploited classes, etc., are helpful for social welfare activities.

Question 7.
What do you mean by sample survey? How is it different from census?
Answer:
Collecting information from the entire population is the census method. Selecting a particular group of people from the study area to collect information is the sample survey.

Sociology: What? Why? Model Questions & Answers

Question 8.
Origin of social science was due to three revolution’. Which are they?
Answer:

• Scientific Revolution (Renaissance).
• French Revolution
• Industrial Revolution.

Question 9.
Identify the personalities who gave significant contribution to development social science in India.
Answer:
A.R. Desai, S.D. Dubey, M.N Sreenivas, D.P. Mukherji, G.S. Khure, etc., are the famous Indian social scientists.

Question 10.
Complete the following chart.

Answer:

Question 11.
Point out the precautions while choosing interview as a method of study.
Answer:
The precautions while choosing interview method are:

• Identify suitable persons for interview
• Have clear cut idea about the information to be collected.
• Prepare suitable questions.
• Lead effective method of interview
• Time management
• logical arrangement of information and report writing.

Question 12.
Prepare a table showing differences between interview and questionnaires.

Interview	Questionnaire
1. Verbal conversation between 2 persons	1. Collects information, in writing.
2.	2.
3.	3.
4.	4.

Answer:

Interview	Questionnaire
1. Verbal conversation between 2 persons	1. Collects information in writing.
2. Researcher himself collects information	2. Respondents write down the information.
3. Effective conversation is possible	3. Effective conversat­ion is not possible
4. Questions can be rearranged according to the response of the respondents.	4. Cannot understand the response of the the respondents.

Question 13.
Complete the list
1. Social survey
2. ………………
3. ………………
4. ………………
Answer:
1. Social survey
2. Interview
3. Case study
4. Observation

Question 14.
Census is conducted one in ……….. years.
Answer:
10 years

Question 15.
Point out the subject matter of economics.
Answer:

• Production
• Consumption
• Capital formation

Question 16.
‘Census method is not always possible’. Do you agree? Why?
Answer:
Yes.
Census method is not always possible due the following reasons.

• It is time-consuming
• Area of study is very large
• It is very expensive

Question 17.
Who are respondents?
Answer:
The people subjects to the study are called respon¬dents.

Question 18.
Why does Auguste Compte called father of sociology?
Answer:
The thoughts of Auguste Compte, the French social scientist, laid the foundation of social science studies. He named the discipline he developed as social physics and later he renamed it as sociology. That is why Auguste Compte called the father of sociology.

Question 19.
The first social science department was started in ……….. University in India.
Answer:
Bombay University

Let Us Assess

Question 20.
How is creative writing different from the study of sociology?
Answer:

Creative writing	Study of sociology
1. Deals with imagination and creativity.	1. Social phenomena and subjects are scientifically analyzed
2. Social events are expressed in its beauty.	2. Makes cause-effect studies of events.
3. Aims at enjoyment of creative writing.	3. Analyses the society Objectively.

Question 21.
What is meant by sociology?
Answer:
Sociology is an academic discipline concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals.

Question 22.
What are the important areas in sociology?
Answer:

• Social institutions
• Social relations
• Social change
• Social issues
• Social groups
• Social control
• Socialisation
• Societies.

Question 23.
Name the early social scientists.
Answer:
Auguste Compte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Max, Emil Durkheim, and Max Weber are the early social scientists.

Question 24.
Identify the branches of social science.
1. History
2. ……….
3. ……….
4. ……….
5. ……….
6. ……….
Answer:
1. History
2. Economics
3. Anthropology
4. Geography
5. Political Science
6. Psychology

Question 25.
Summarise the discussion points on the importance of Sociology.
Answer:

• It helps to formulate real idea about the society.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to identify relation between individuals and social institutions.
• It studies social issues
• It helps to find solutions to social issues
• It is helpful in social planning and development.
• Studies on backward classes exploited classes,

etc., are helpful for social welfare activities.

Question 26.
How does social survey a major methodology of sociology helps to understand the society ?.
Answer:
Survey method is the most appropriate method to study social subjects/issues. In this method, information is collected from a group of people selected according a some specific criteria. By analyzing the information, researcher can come across some findings on a particular issue.

Question 27.
Differentiate between observation and interview.
Answer:
Interview is face to face and verbal conversation be-tween researcher and respondent. When interview method is not practical researcher adopts observation method in which he records what he sees, hears and experiences through his observation.

Question 28.
Prepare a questionnaire of a minimum of 10 questions to collect data on about transport problems faced by your friends to reach the school.
Answer:

1. Where is your house located?
2. How far is school from your house?
3. What is your mode of transport?
4. Do you get vehicles in school time?
5. Do you get concession in bus?
6. What is the time gap between the buses.
7. Do all buses stop before school?
8. Does conductor behave well?
9. Do you face transportation difficulty during rainy season?
10. Does the shortage of school bus create transportation?

Question 29. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Analyze the method in which creative writing intervenes a social issue.
Answer:

• Writing based on imagination and creativity.
• Social events are depicted on aesthetic realms.
• Appreciation is the main objective.

Question 30. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the method in which a sociologist approaches a social issue.
Answer:

• Social issues analyzed scientifically.
• Social conditions are analyzed on the basis of cause-effect relationship.

Question 31. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Match the items in column A with the items in column B appropriately.

A	B
i) Study of economic activities	a) History
ii) Inquiry into the past and the culture	b) Anthropology
iii) Study of state and the rights	c) Economics
iv) Study of origin and racial evolution of human beings	d) Political Science

Answer:
i – c
ii – a
iii – d
iv – b

Question 32.
(Qn. Pool-2017)
What is the revolution that paved the way for the emergence of sociology?
Answer:

• Renaissance
• French Revolution.
• Industrial Revolution

Question 33. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Who is known as the Father of Sociology?
Answer:
Auguste Comte

Question 34. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write the name of Sociology in the early age.
Answer:
Social Physics

Question 35. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the thinker who used the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin to study Sociology.
Answer:
Herbert Spencer

Question 36. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the important thinkers who contributed to the development of Sociology.
Answer:
Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber

Question 37. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why Sociology is considered as the comprehensive study of Society?
Answer:
Sociology is the comprehensive study of the relation between man and his social environment.

Question 38. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the methods used for studying Sociology?
Answer:
Social Survey, Interview, Observation, Case study

Question 39. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Survey is considered as the most suitable method to study Sociology. Why is it said so?
Answer:
Survey helps to formulate a comprehensive point of view of the topic.

Question 40. (Qn. Pool-2017)
How interview helps the study of Sociology?
Answer:
Interview helps to know and analyze the attitudes, views, beliefs, and habits.

Question 41. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is Observation?
Answer:
Observation as a method of study records truthfully whatever is seen, heard, and experienced.

Question 42. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the two types of observation?
Answer:
a) Participant observation
b) Non-participant observation

Question 43. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is participant observation?
Answer:
Researcher directly collects information.

Question 44. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain the method of study of participant observation.
Answer:
The Sociologist stays with the population under the study and understands their life, language culture and analyses it.

Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is non-participant observation?
Answer:
The researcher observes the society from outside.

Question 46. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is case study?
Answer:
Case study is used to make an in-depth study on rare and different social phenomena and problems.

Question 47.
Match the following.

Area understudy	Name of the branch of social science
1. Study of Economic activities	1. Anthropology
2. Inquiry into the past and culture	2. Psychology
3. Study of the state and the rights of people	3. History
4. Study of the origin and racial evolution of man	4. Economics
5. Study of human mind and behavior	5. Political Science

Answer:

Area understudy	Name of the branch of social science
1. Study of Economic activities.	1. Economics
2. Inquiry into the past and culture	2. History
3. Study of the state and the rights of people	3. Political Science
4. Study of the origin and racial evolution of man	4. Anthropology
5. Study of human mind and behavior	5. Psychology

Question 48. (Orukkam – 2017)
One of the main areas under Sociology is given below. Find out some more areas.
1. Social groups
2. ……………….
3. ……………….
4. ……………….
5. ……………….
6. ……………….
7. ……………….
8. ……………….
Answer:
1. Social groups
2. Social institutions
3. Social relations
4. Socialization
5. Social control
6. Communities
7. Social changes
8. Social problems

Question 49. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the picture pertaining with the methods of study in sociology.

Answer:

Question 50.
What are the practical applications of sociology?
Answer:
Commerce, town planning, advertisements, media, and educational activities.

You can download Consumer: Satisfaction and Protection Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 10 Consumer: Satisfaction and Protection Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 10 Notes

Question 1.
What do you mean by consumption?
Answer:
Consumption means the buying and use of goods and services by people in order to satisfy their needs.

Question 2.
Who is a consumer?
Answer:
Consumer is a buying or spending unit. In other words, consumer is one who buys and uses goods and services after paying the price.

Question 3.
While using goods and services, what all things does a consumer expect? Complete the list.
Answer:
1. Quality
2. ………..
3………….
4. ………..
Answer:
Quality
Reliability
Fair price
After-sale service

Question 4.
What do you mean by consumer satisfaction?
Answer:
The fulfillment of consumer’s needs through the consumption of goods and services is called consumer satisfaction.

Question 5.
There are a three-tier system of consumer courts in India. Which are they?
Answer:

• District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum
• State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
• National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

Question 6.
Identify the problems faced by the consumers day today.
Answer:

• Defective weights and measures
• Adulteration and poor quality of goods
• Extracting excess price
• Selling expired goods
• Lack of standardized goods
• Delay in providing services.

Question 7.
Describe the structure and powers of the consumer courts in India.
Answer:
The Consumer Protection Act of 1986, seeks to protect and promote the interests of consumers. The Act provides for the setting up of a three-tier machinery consisting of District Forums. State Commissions and the National Commission. It also provides for the formation of consumer protection councils in every district and state and at the apex level.

District Forum:
Structure: The District Consumer Dispute Redressal Forum functions at the district level. It consists of a President and two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the state government.

Power:
A complaint can be made to the District Forum when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, does not exceed 20 lakhs. On receiving the complaint, the District Forum shall refer the complaint to the party against whom the complaint is filled. If required, the goods shall be sent for testing in a laboratory. The District Forum shall pass an order after considering the test report. If the aggrieved party is not satisfied with the verdict of the District Forum. He can appeal before the State Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

State Commission:
Structure: The State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission functions at the state level. It consists of a President and not less than two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the state government

Power: A complaint can be made to the State Commission when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeds Rs. 20 lakhs, but does not exceed Rs.1 crore. The Commission shall pass an order after considering the test report from the laboratory. In case the grieved party is not satisfied, he can appear before the National Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

National Forum:
Structure: The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission functions at the national, level. It consists of a President and atleast 4 other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the Central Government.

Power:
A complaint can be made to the National Commission when the value of the goods and services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeds Rs. 1 crore. The Commission passes the order after following the necessary procedures.

Question 8.
Point out important features of consumer courts.
Answer:

• Consumer courts assure justice quickly.
• The procedures are very simple.
• The cost of case or trial is less.

Question 9.
Identify the methods to be adopted for consumer education.
Answer:

• Observation of consumer day.
• Organize awareness programs
• Include consumer rights a part of curriculum.
• Conduct seminars and workshops on consumer
• Rights and problems
• Provide legal assistance.

Question 10.
What are the rights guaranteed by the Consumer Protection Act of 1986?
Answer:

• The right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services which are hazardous to life and property.
• The right to be informed about the quality, quan¬tity, standard and prices of goods and services.
• The right to have access to a variety of goods and services at a reasonable price.
• The right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices or in case the product or service falls short of the expectations of the consumer.
• The right to consumer education.

Question 11.
Name the departments and institutions functioning at the administrative level for the protection of consumer rights.
Answer:

• Legal Metrology Department.
• Food Safety Department
• Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation
• Drugs Control Department
• Food Safety and Standard Authority of India.

Question 12.
Apart from the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, there are several laws passed in India for consumer protection. Examine.
Answer:
1) The Sale of Goods Act 1930: The Act ensures that the provisions for the purchase of goods are observed. The Act provides safeguards to the buyers of the goods in case the goods do not comply with express or implied conditions or warranties, guarantee, warranty, and aftersale service come under the purview of this Act.
2) The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marketing) Act 1937: The Act prescribes grade standards for agricultural commodities and livestock products (wheat, gram, flour, ghee). The Act stipulates the conditions and standards for grading, marking and packing these products. The quality mark provided under the Act is known asAGMARK, an acronym for Agricultural Marketing.
3) The Essential Commodities Act 1955: The Act aims at controlling production, supply and distribution of essential commodities and ensure that these commodities and essential services are available in the market at reasonable price. The Act gives protection to consumers from profiteering, hoarding, and black marketing
4) The Standard of Weights and Measures Act 1976: The Act provides protection to consumers against the malpractice of underweight or under measure of the products. The Act prevents the use of non-standard weights and measures

Question 13.
Do you think that consumer education is inevitable today? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes, consumer education is inevitable today. This is because

• consumption has become a complex process
• there are widespread exploitation
• there are widespread ignorance of consumers
• they lack consumer organizations

Question 14.
Complete the table.

Department/Institution	Measures
1. Legal Metrology Department	1.
2.	2. Assures the quality of food products
3. Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation	3.
4.	4. Assures the quality and safety of drugs
5. Food Safety & Standard Authority of India	5.

Answer:

Department/Institution	Measures
1. Legal Metrology Department	6. Assures accuracy in weights and measures
2. Food Safety Department	7. Assures the quality of food products
3. Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation	8. Controls the price of drugs
4. Drugs Control Department	9. Assures the quality and safety of drugs
5. Food Safety & Standard Authority of India	10.Assures the quality of food products in the different stages of production, distribution storage, sale and import

Question 15.
National Consumer Day is ……………
Answer:
December 24

Question 16.
Complete the following table showing products and institutions relating to the standardized marks.

ISI
ISO
BIS
AGMARK
FPO
CE

Answer:

ISI	Paper, paint, electrical goods
ISO	Banks, hospitals
BIS	Gold
AGMARK	Agricultural and forest products
FPO	Jams, pickles, juices
CE	Electrical and electronic goods

Question 17.
Hallmark symbol shows the purity of ………….
Answer:
Gold ornaments

Question 18.
Give full form of FPO.
Answer:
Fruits products order

Question 19.
Prepare a note on Consumer Protection Act of 1986.
Answer:
The Act seeks to promote and protect the interests of consumers. It provides safeguards to consumers against defective goods, deficient services, unfair trade practices and other forms of their exploitation. The Act provides for the setting up of consumer courts at the district levels, state levels and national levels. It also provides for the formation of consumer protection councils in every district and state and at the apex level.

Question 20.
Identify the first act for consumer protection.
1. The sale of Goods Act
2. The Consumer Protection Act
3. The Essential Commodities Act
Answer:
The sale of Goods Act

Question 21.
Who gives ISI mark? On which products is this mark seen?
Answer:

• Bureau of Investigation Standards (BIS) issues the ISI mark to assure the required quality of products. BIS is the national standards body of India.
• ISI mark can be seen on electrical equipments, cement, paper, paint, gas cylinder, etc.

Question 22.
What is the service of ISO?
Answer:

• International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an International Standard-Setting body. It certifies and assures the quality and standard of goods and services of more than 160 countries including India.
• ISO gives certification or approval to service institutions like hospitals, banks, and telecommunication and also to may products. ,

Question 23.
Match the following

A	B
The Consumer Protection Act	1955
The Sale of Goods Act	1937
The Agricultural Produce Act	1930
The Essential Commodities Act	1986

Answer:

A	B
The Consumer Protection Act	1986
The Sale of Goods Act	1930
The Agricultural Produce Act	1937
The Essential Commodities Act	1955

Let Us Assess

Question 24.
economic activities. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Answer:
The statement is correct. The ultimate aim of all economic activities taking place around us is consumer’s satisfaction. Production, distribution, and consumption are mutually related economic activities. When the consumer does not get satisfaction from the use of some goods and services, they may be rejected in the market. It will affect their production and distribution adversely. It retards the growth of the economy.

Question 25.
What are the situations when consumers fall as victims of exploitation?
Answer:

1. Selling at higher prices: The prices charged for the product will not be proportional to quality.
2. Selling sub-standard products: Selling items whose quality is far below the required standard.
3. Adulteration: Selling defective goods which are highly injurious to health.
4. Product risk: Products that are banned or be-yond expiry date are sold.
5. Underweight and under measurement: Shop-keepers weigh less than what they should.
6. Delay in providing after-sale services.
7. Unsatisfactory after-sale services.

Question 26.
What are the rights of the consumers included in the Consumer Protection Act of 1986?
Answer:

1. The right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services which are hazardous to life and property.
2. The right to be informed about the quality, quantity, standard and price of goods and services.
3. The right to get quality goods and services at fair price.
4. The right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices.
5. The right to consumer education
6. The right to choose.
7. The right against consumer exploitation.

Question 27.
Consumer courts are the guardians of the protec¬tion of consumer’s rights. Substantiate.
Answer:
Consumer courts are systems which have the responsibility to provide legal assistance to consumers when they get unsatisfactory experiences from producers and distributors. They deal with causes of consumer disputes and grievances and play a decisive role in getting justice to the consumers, including compensation. Consumer courts protect the rights of the consumer and instill confidence in them and thus to bring about qualitative change in life. They ensure justice quickly through simple and less expensive procedures. So they are called the guardians of the rights of consumers.

Question 28.
Point out the means useful for consumer education.
Answer:

• Observation of days
• Awareness programmes
• Inclusion in curriculum

Question 29.
Consumer education is essential today. Why?
Answer:

• Consumer education helps to
• develop the ability to decide and choose intelligently
• demand safe, reliable and quality products
• be alert, informed and vigilant against malpractices in market.
• take suitable action when exploited.

Question 30.
Distinguish between consumption and consumer?
Answer:

• Consumption means the buying and use of goods and services by people in order to fulfill their needs.
• Consumer is the one who buys and uses goods and services after paying the price. In other words, consumers are people who buy goods and services to satisfy their needs.

Question 31.
How will you intervene in the consumer disputes in your locality?
Answer:

• Empower consumer by forming consumer orga¬nization.
• Organize classes by experts on consumer awareness
• Take initiative to submit cases of public interest in consumer court.
• Organize demonstrations peacefully.
• Distribute pamphlets on the topic.

Question 32.
How does the influence of advertisements affect the consumer harmfully? Explain with example.
Answer:
Almost all the advertisements in the modern media attract the attention of the consumers. Consumers become aware of the use of certain goods and services through advertisements. Consumers fall as victims of misleading advertisements. Often the goods advertised may not have the required quality or life. The consumers are cheated through advertisements by not giving the after-sale service, not giving the products shown in the advertisements and not giving the goods and services after accepting money. Housewives who are attracted by the beauty of dress materials in advertisement, buy low-quality clothes through online shopping is an example for this bad influence of advertisements. Misreading advertise¬ments to accelerate.sale are a curse to consumers.

Question 33.
Compare the working of Department of Legal Metrology and District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum.
Answer:

Department of Legal Metrology	District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum
A department that protects the interest of consumer	Consumer court at the district level
Ensures the correct weight and measure­ment of goods	Settles disputes in cases valuing up to Rs. 20 lakhs

Question 34.
A seminar is conducted in the school on World Consumer’s Rights Day. What points will be included as part of the presentation of the topic?
Answer:

• Importance of Consumer’s Day
• Rights of consumers
• Situations when the consumers are cheated
• Consumers Protection Act
• Consumer Courts
• Institutions and departments to protect the interest of consumers
• Social intervention
• Importance of consumer education

Question 35.
Consumer and consumption are interrelated. Substantiate citing examples.
Answer:
Consumption is the satisfaction of humon wants using goods and services a consumer is a person who purchases and uses goods and services by paying or agreeing to pay a price.

Question 36.
Give examples for the situations in which consumers are cheated or exploited.
Answer:

• Selling low-quality products
• Adulteration
• Charging excess price
• Manipulation in weights and measures
• Delay in making services available

Question 37.
What is the major feature of consumer protection act 1986? What are the important rights included in the Act?
Answer:

• Consumer Protection Act of 1986 is to protect the right of a consumer. The important rights are:
• The right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services.
• The right to be informed about the quality-related aspects of goods and services.
• The right to have access to goods and services at fair prices.
• The right to be heard and to seek redressed at appropriate forums.
• The right to consumer education.

Question 38.
Write the structure and jurisdiction of consumer courts – district – state – national
Answer:

Question 39.
In your opinion what are the uses of consumer education? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Consumer education is necessary for the acquisition of right habits. It is possible through awareness programmes. Inclusions in the curriculum. Observance of the National Consumer Day.

Question 40.
Do advertisements create positive or negative effect on consumers’? Substantiate your opinion.
Answer:
Advertisement helps to inform the consumer about a products and helps him to compare it with other brends. If the same time mismeading advertisements may lead to a situation where a consumer is cheated.

Question 41.
Suggest some programmes which can be conducted on world consumer day.
Answer:
Seminars, awareness programmes

Question 42.
How can become a good consumer without being exposed?
Answer:

• Ask for the bill every purchase made.
• Make sure that the weights and measures are accurate.
• Make sure, while purchasing packed items that the name of the product date of packing, expiry date, weight, price and producers address are stated.
• Note the symbols representing the standard of the products.
• Understand how to use and operate the products purchased.

Question 43.
Write a short note on ‘Satisfaction of consumer1.
Answer:
In order to satisfy the wants a consumer consumers the goods and services by paying agreeing to pay. A consumer has certain rights. His rights are protected through the Consumer Protection Act 1986. He has this right to protected from being cheated while consuming goods and services. There is district, state and national level redressal forums to solve the grievances.

Question 44.
Choose the correct statements.
a. All economic activities are meant to satisfy the producers.
b. All economic activities are meant to satisfy the customers.
c. In order to satisfy our wants, we depend primarily on sale outlets and service centers.
(i) ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct.
(ii) ‘b’ and ‘c’ are correct.
(iii) ‘a’ and ‘c’ are correct.
(iv) ‘a\ ‘b’ and ‘c’ are correct.
Answer:
(ii) ‘b’ and ‘c’ are correct

Question 45.
When was the Consumer Protection Act introduced?
Answer:
In 1986

Question 46.
What are the features of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986?
Answer:
The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 clearly defines the consumer’s rights and set up special judiciary mechanisms for consumer protection in India.

Question 47.
What are the objective of the consumer courts?
Answer:
Consumer courts play an important role in ensuring justice to the consumers.

Question 48.
If the consumer has a dispute where compensation claimed is above Rs. 20 lakhs?
Answer:
State Consumer disputes redressal commission

Question 49.
Apart from the consumer courts, what are the three-level advisory councils that have been set up?
Answer:
District Consumer Protection Council State Consumer Protection Council National Consumer Protection Council

Question 50.
Write the name of the Act that protects the consum¬ers from supernormal profit, hoarding, and black marketing, etc.
Answer:
Essential Commodities Act 1955

Students can Download Social Science Part 2 Chapter 10 Consumer: Satisfaction and Protection Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science Geography Chapter 10 Notes Malayalam Medium ഉപഭോക്താവ്: സംതൃപ്തിയും സംരക്ഷണവും

Consumer: Satisfaction and Protection Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam