Kerala Plus One Geography Board Model Paper 2021 with Answers

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus One Geography Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2021 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus One September Board Model Paper 2021 with Answers.

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Total Scores : 80

Answer all questions from 1 to 6. Each carries 1 score. (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 1.
The branch of physical geography which is devoted to the study of landforms.
a) Geomorphology
b) Climatology
c) Hydrology
d) Soil Geography
Answer:
c) Eratosthenes

Question 2.
The branch of physical geography which is devoted to the study of larioforms.
a) Geoniorphology
b) Chmatology
c) Hydrology
d) Soil Geography
Answer:
a) Geomorphology

Question 3.
A major plate
a) Cocos plate
c) Nazca plate
b) Pacific plate
d) Arabian plate
Answer:
b) Pacific Plate

Question 4.
The highest peak of peninsular plateau
a) Nanga Parbat
b) Mt. Everest
C) Kanchenjunga
d) Anaimudi
Answer:
d) Anaimudi

Question 5.
Loktak lake is situated in
a) Rajasthan
C) Uttarakhand
b) Manipur
d) Kerala
Answer:
b) Manipur

Question 6.
The outer most wild part of the earth
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Core
d) Nife
Answer:
a) Crust

Answer any 5 questions from 7 to 16. Each carries 2 scores. (5 × 2 = 10)

Question 7.
Categorize the planets in the solar system as inner planets and outer planets.
Answer:
Inner Planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Outer Planets-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Question 8.
Distinguish between volcanic earthquake and explo-sion earthquake.
Answer:
In the regions where there are active volcanoes, the earthquakes that happen as the result of volcanic explosions are volcanic earthquakes. Explosion earthquakes are those created by nuclear tests, and chemical explosions.

Question 9.
Define lithospheric plates with example.
Answer:
Lithospheric plates are lithospheric parts which are very broad and with different shapes that include continents and oceans, either completely or partly.

Question 10.
How dust particles help in the formation of clouds?
Answer:
Clouds are formed by the water vapour in the atmosphere solidifying around the tiny particles ofdust that hang around in the atmosphere.

Question 11.
List any two effects of ocean currents.
Answer:
The meeting place of warm and cold ocean currents are full of floating bodies which are favourable for the growth of fish and so they become fishing grounds.

1. They control the global climate.
2. They influence the weather.
3. They are helpful for ocean travels and transport.

Question 12.
Distinguish between absolute humidity and relative humidity.
Answer:
The actual measure of atmospheric water contained in the air at a particular time is called absolute humidity. The amount of water vapour present in air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature is called relative humidity.

Question 13.
Write about the concept of sea floor spreading.
Answer:
In 1961, Harry H. Hess waster person that came up with the idea of sea floor spreading. Hess said that molten material from Earth’s mantle continuously wells up along the crests of the mid ocean ridges. As the magma cools, it is pushed away from the flanks of the ridges. This spreading creates a successively younger ocean floor.

Question 14.
Write any four elements influencing weather and climate.
Answer:
Temperature, Pressure, Wind, Humidity, Clouds (any 4)

Question 15.
Defi ne salnity of ocean water.
Answer:
Ocean Salinity means the total content of dissolved salts in a fixed volume of ocean water. Salinity s calculated as the amount of salt dissolved in 1 ,000 gms of seawater.

Question 16.
Write any two forces affecting the velocity and direction of wind.
Answer:
Physiography, Coriolis Force, Friction, Pressure

Answer any 4 questions from 17 to 26. Each carries 3 scores. (4 × 3 = 12)

Question 17.
Write a short note on the systematic approach in Geograghy.
Answer:
Alexander Von Humbolt, a German geographer, was the person who came up with this approach. This is the style of geographic study in which a phenomenon is studied globally and then its various kinds and local or regional distributions are looked into.

In the established geographical approaches, physical geography, human geography, Biogeography, Geographical thoughts, Geographical Studies like Urban, Economic, Political Geography, etc. are included.

Question 18.
Write any three indirect sources of information about the interior of the earth.
Answer:

1. The direction of earthquake waves
2. Structure of meteors
3. Assumptions regarding Temperature, Pressure,Density, etc.
4. Local changes in the earth’s gravity
5. Magnetic studies

Question 19.
What is a biome? Give an example.
Answer:
Biome is a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major region. The boundaries of a biome are determined by the climate. Forests, grasslands, deserts etc. are examples of biome.

Question 20.
What are ocean currents? Write any two primary forces that influence the qcean currents.
Answer:
Ocean currents are channels of water moving in a particular direction in the oceans. Two kinds of forces influence Ocean currents.

a) The primary forces that start the first movement of water.

b) Secondary forces that help the flow. Examples of primary forces are temperature caused by solar energy, winds, gravity and Coriolis force.

Question 21.
What are intrusive forms of igneous rocks? Write short notes on any two of them.
Answer:s
I gneous rocks are defined as types of rocks that are formed inside the earth when molten rock, rock liquefied by intense heat and pressure, cools to a solid state.

1. batholith
2. laccolith,
3. lopolith
4. phacolith
5. Sills/Sheet
6. dykes

Batholith: A batholith is a large mass of intrusive igneous rock that forms from cooled magma deep in Earth’s crust.

Laccolith: A laccolith is a body of intrusive rock with a dome-shaped upper surface and a level base.

Phacolith: A phacolith is a form of igneous rock that is shaped live waves.

SilllSheet: Sill, also called sheet, flat intrusion of igneous rock that forms between pre-existing layers of rock.

Question 22.
Write briefly about the types of tides based on their frequency.
Answer:
Based on their frequency, tides are divided into three.

1. Semi-Diurnal ides: The most common tidal pattern featuring two high tides and two low tides each day.
2. Diurnal Tides: There is only one high tide and one low tide during each day.
3. Mixed Tides: Tides having variation in heights.

Question 23.
Write the latitudinal extension of India. How is the latitudinal spread of India advantages to her?
Answer:
8°4’N and 37°6’N
The latitudinal extension divides India into two temperature zones. So there are different climatic conditions here.
The basic reason for the physical and cultural diversities in India is the diversified climate.

Question 24.
Write any three advantages of tides.
Answer:
Travellers in the sea and fishermen can decide in advance about their activities.

1. Travel in the sea is made easy.
2. Tidal Ports become ready for work.
3. Removes the silt and dirt in the river mouths.
4. Electricity (Tidal energy) can be produced.

Question 25.
Write any three characteristic features of Himalayan Rivers.
Answer:
They are formed by the melting of Himalayan snow and ice.

1. Plenty of water throughout the year.
2. When they reach the plains, they are useful for transport.
3. Very vast catchment area.
4. They make deep V-shaped valley called a deep gorge.
5. They make large drainage basins.
6. They deposit large amounts of silt and form the large delta at the mouth of the river.

Question 26.
Write any three effects of earthquake.
Answer:
Ground-shaking, changes on the earth’s surface, landslides, soil erosion, ground rupture, destruction of dams and reservoirs, floods, fire, destruction of various constructions, falling of things, tsunami.

Answer any 5 questions from 27 to 36. Each carries 4 scores. (5 × 4 = 20)

Question 27.
Explain spring tides.
Answer:
Spring tides are those tides that occur at that time when the sun and moon are aligned with the earth. And after the seven days of spring tide, the moon and sun are at right angles to each other. These tides are higher than the normal tides.

Question 28.
Write short notes on the P and S earthquake waves.
Answer:

• P. Waves (Primary Waves!
  1. The fastest waves.
  2. They are the first to reach the surface of the earth.
  3. They are similar to sound waves.
  4. They can move through solid, liquid and e|as.
  5. The quakes are parallel to the direction of the waves.
• S. Waves/Secondarv Waves
  1. They are slower than P. Waves.
  2. They take time to reach the surface of the earth
  3. They travel only through solids.
  4. The quakes are vertical to the direction of the waves.

Question 29.
Distinguish between Divergent boundaries and Con-vergent boundaries.
Answer:

• Divergent Boundaries
  1. Plates move away from each other.
  2. Through the flow of magma (lava) new crust is created.
  3. Also called constructive boundaries or extensional boundaries.
  4. Active volcanoes.
  5. Mountain ranges are formed on the ocean floor.
• Convergent Boundaries
  1. Plates move towards each other.
  2. The plates with the greater density slip under and melt into magma. The edges are called subduction zones.
  3. Because of the convergence the edges get folded and Fold mountains are formed.

Question 30.
Briefly explain the characteristic features of the crust of the earth.
Answer:
The Features of the Crust of the Earth

1. The outermost solid part of the earth.
2. Strong, made of stones.
3. Two kinds of crust: Continental Crust, and Ocean Crust.
4. Ocean crust is very thin.
5. Ocean crust is mainly made of basalt rocks.

Question 31.
Prepare a note on rock cycle.
Answer:
Rock Cycle
Rock cycle is a series of processes by which old rocks transform themselves into new types of rocks in Earth’s crust. Igneous rocks are the primary rocks and from them metamorphic and sedimentary rocks rock are formed. Igneous rocks become metamorphic rocks. The fragments of the igneous and metamorphic rocks solidify and become strong to make sedimentary rocks. Even the sedimentary rocks decay and become sediments. All these different kinds of rocks get deep down into the earth through subduction and become magma and then later through volcanic activity again become igneous rocks.

Question 32.
Define weathering. Write about any three chemical weathering processes.
Answer:
Weathering: Weathering means the process of wearing, breaking up, and fragmentation of the rock that creates the surface of the ground and that remains exposed to the weather. It results from weather changes and variations in temperature in the atmosphere. The main chemical wearing processes are:

1. solution (things becoming liquid).
2. carbonation
3. hydration
4. oxidation
5. reduction.

Solution is the process in which substances are dissolved into acid or water. In Carbonation, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and water work on the rocks and the rocks decay. Hydration is the process in which water chemically reacts on some minerals making them expand and contract repeatedly causing the decay of rocks.

Oxidation is the process in which the minerals like iron, manganese, sulphur, etc, in the rocks react with oxygen forming oxides causing the fragmentation of rocks. Reduction is the opposite process of oxidation. When oxidised mineras are positioned in a situation where oxygen is absent, the reduction occurs.

Question 33.
List the major soil types of India. Explain about the characteristics of any one of them.
Answer:
Major soil types in India:

1. Alluvial Soil.
2. Black Cotton Soil.
3. Red & Yellow Soil.
4. LateriteSoil.
5. Mountainous or Forest Soil.
6. Arid or Desert Soil.
7. Saline and Alkaline Soil.
8. Peaty and Marshy Soil.

Alluvial soil:
This is the soil that is formed in the river basin as the rivers deposit silt. In India around 40% of the land has this soil. As a continuation of the Northern Plain, through a narrow gateway in Rajasthan up to Gujarat we can see this soil. In Peninsular India, in the river basins and the river deltas alluvial soil is found.

Alluvial soil is mixed with sand and mud. It is potash rich with no phosphorous. In the Ganges Plain there are two kinds of alluvial soil – Khadar and Bhangar.

Khadar: This is the new alluvium soil deposited by the annual floods.

Bhangar: This is the old alluvial soil which is less fertile, and which is a little away from the new alluvial soil.

Question 34.
Differentiate between the western and eastern coastal plains of India.
Answer:

Eastern Coastal Plains	Western Coastal Plains
Examp’e for elevated shore.	Example for lowered shore.
Very wide.	Not wide.
Deltas are formed.	Deltas are not formed.
Not deep enougl for ports.	Conducive circumstances for ports.

Question 35.
Write a note on the characteristic features of the Andaman and Nicobar island groups.
Answer:

1. Andaman Nicobar Islands
2. Located in the Bay of Bengal.
3. A total of 572 islands.
4. Separated into North Andaman Islands and
5. South Andaman Islands by the 10° channel.
6. They are the upper crests of the mountains in the sea.
7. Indias active volcano Barren Island is in the
8. Nicobar Group of Islands.

Question 36.
Write any four human activities that play an important role in increasing the intensity of floods.
Answer:

1. Mindless deforestation.
2. Unscientific agricultural methods.
3. Preventing the natural flow of water.
4. Migration into flood plains.

Answer any 1 question from 37 to 39. Carries 6 scores. (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 37.
Explain briefly the Continental drift theory.
Answer:
Continental Drift Theory: This theory about the distribution of continents and oceans was put forward by Alfred Wagener in 1912. Wagener theorises that all the continents were together as one continent and around it there was just one ocean. He called this huge landmass Pangea and the vast oceafi Panthalassa. Some 200 million years ago this huge landmass was broken and started moving away from each other.

Initially there were only two landmasses:

1. North side was Laurasia.
2. South side was Gondwanaland.

Later Laurasia was again broken into North America and Eurasia. Gondwanaland was broken into South America, Africa, Indian Sub Continent and Australia. Although Alfred Wagener came out with some evidences to support his theory, the scientific world refused to accept it.

Question 38.
Explain briefly the Continental drift theory.
Answer:
Layered Structure of Earth’s Atmosphere: Based on the variations in temperature, the atmosphere can be divided into the
following layers.

a) The troposphere
b) The stratosphere
c) The mesosphere
d) The thermosphere
e) The exosphere

a) The troposphere

1. The lowest layer
2. Average height up to 8-18 km
3. It is the layer in which all climatic phenomena like rain, snow, wind, etc. form.
4. Normal lapse of temperature
5. All organic and bio activities take place here.
6. The boundary at which the troposphere ends is Tropopause, Temperature -80°C at the Equator and -45°C at the Poles.

b) The stratosphere

1. Second layer
2. Extendsupto5Okm
3. Ozone gas – Important
4. Ozonosphere
5. Stratopause

c) The mesosphere

1. Above the Stratosphere
2. Extends up to 80 km
3. Temperature -100 °C (80 km)
4. Mesopause

d) The thermosphere

1. Thermosphere has two parts – Ionosphere
2. Extends from 80 km to 400 km
3. Ionatoms with electrical charges
4. Radio broadcasts

e) The exosphere

1. The topmost layer
2. We have only limited knowledge about this layer.
3. Slowiy dissolves into space

Question 39.
Explain briefly the characteristic features of the Northern Plains of India.
Answer:
Characteristic features of the Northern Plains in India
The Northern plains were formed by the alluvial soil brought and deposited by the Sindhu, Ganges and Brahmaputra Rives. North-West diameter 3200 km. Average width 150 to 300 km. Divided into four sectors:
a) Bhabhar,
b) Terai,
c) Khadar,
d) Bhangar.

a) Bhabhar: At the bottom of the Shiv alik Hills. this is a narrow part with a lot of rocks and round stones.

b) Terai: This is the sector where the rivers suace again after flowing under the deposits of the Bhabhar Sector. This area is full of stagnant pools and marshes. A lot of plant species and wild animals can be seen here.

c) Khadar: This is the new alluvial deposits found at the top layer.
d) Bhangan The dd alluvial deposits at the bottom.

Question 40.
Identify and mark the following geo-information on the given Outline Map of India.
a) The Capital of Tamil Nadu.
b) The desert in the north western part of India
c) The Section of the West coastal plain in Maharashtra
d) The island group located in the Arabian Sea
e) The Strait that separates India from Sri Lanka
f) The meeting place of Western and Eastern Ghats
Answer:
a) Chennai
b) Thar/Rajasthan Désert
C) Konkan Coast
d) Lakshaðweep
e) Palk Strait
t) Nilgiri