Students often refer to SCERT Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 9 History Chapter 5 Demographic Trends in India Notes Questions and Answers English Medium that include all exercises in the prescribed syllabus.
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science History Notes Chapter 5 Demographic Trends in India
Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 5 Notes Question Answer Kerala Syllabus Demographic Trends in India
Class 9 History Chapter 5 Notes Kerala Syllabus English Medium
Question 1.
What problems arise when the population increases?
Answer:
- Poverty
- Unemployment
- Starvation
- Resource depletion
- Environment degradation
- Insufficient public services
Question 2.
Will our country be able to achieve sustainable development?
Answer:
Creating a strong economy, implementing new technology, and Higher education will help our country to achieve sustainable development.
Question 3.
Shouldn’t the population be controlled in proportion to available resources on earth?
Answer:
Yes. An approach that focuses on sustainability, education, and responsible consumption may be more successful in ensuring a future with a healthy population.
Question 4.
When was the census started in India?
Answer:
There were earlier attempts at counting the population in India. The first was conducted in 1872 under British rule.
Question 5.
When was the last census conducted in India?
Answer:
The last census conducted in India was in 2011.
Question 6.
Prepare a note on population growth in India by observing the given table and graph.
Answer:
In 1901, India’s population was around 238 million. For the first 20 years (1901-1921), the growth wasn’t very fast. This was because some people sadly couldn’t survive due to illnesses. There was even a decrease in population around 1921. After 1921, the population started growing faster. By 2001, it had almost quadrupled (four times) to 1,029 million. Even by 2011, the population had grown more to 1,211 million. India’s population is still one of the largest in the world.
Question 7.
What might be the reasons for their migration in search of employment?
Answer:
- Better income
- High social status
- Better living standards and opportunities
- For career growth
Question 8.
Different types of migration are given below. Identify which migration they are and add more examples to the list.
- Malayalees working in foreign countries
- North Indian workers working in the construction sector in Kerala
- Students going abroad for higher studies.
Answer:
| Internal migration | International migration |
| North Indian workers working in construction sector in Kerala. | Malayalees working in foreign countries. |
| A construction worker relocates from a town to a city with a high demand for construction services. | Students going abroad for higher studies. |
Question 9.
Observe the table and graph given above and find out the trends of birth rate and death rate in India. Find out the birth rate and death rate in India as per the 2011 census.
Answer:
During (1901-1921), the birth rate remained relatively high. The death rate was high throughout this period, with fluctuations due to factors like famines and epidemics. After that, improvements in health care and sanitation led to a decline in the death rate, while the birth rate remained high(1921-1951). Thereafter, the death rate continued to decline, but the birth rate stayed high, leading to a rapid population explosion. During the 1980 s-2001, Family planning initiatives and social changes, like increased female education, resulted in a gradual decrease in the birth rate.
India’s birth rate in 2011 was around 21 per 1,000 people. This means for every 1,000 people, on average, about 21 babies were born that year. Similarly, the death rate was around 7.2 per 1,000 people in 2011.
Question 10.
Where do we register births and deaths in rural areas?
Answer:
In rural areas of India, births and deaths are registered at the Gram Panchayat.
Question 11.
Where do we register births and deaths in urban areas?
Answer:
Municipal Health Office/Health Department or at hospitals
Question 12.
Prepare a note discussing how epidemics, famines, and climate change affect mortality rates. Find out the birth and death rates in India and Kerala based on the 2011 census report and write it in your notebook.
Answer:
The rapid spread of infectious diseases like influenza, cholera, or COVID-19 can lead to a sudden increase in deaths. This is because many people might become infected within a short time. Severe food shortages due to droughts, wars, or crop failures can cause widespread malnutrition and starvation.
This weakens people’s immune systems, making them more susceptible to diseases and increasing the risk of death. The effects of climate change, such as extreme weather events like heat waves or floods, can directly cause deaths through accidents, injuries, or exposure. Additionally, climate change can disrupt food production and increase the spread of vector-borne diseases, resulting in higher mortality rates.
India’s birth rate in 2011 was around 21 per 1,000 people. This means for every 1,000 people, on average, about 21 babies were born that year. Similarly, the death rate was around 7.2 per 1,000 people in 2011.
Question 13.
Examine the 2011 Census report and identify the states with the highest population and population density, and the states with the lowest. Prepare the chart and display it in the class.
Answer:
| Highest population density |
Lowest population density |
| Bihar | Arunachal Pradesh |
| West Bengal | Mizoram |
| Delhi | Sikkim |
| Kerala | Jammu & Kashmir |
| UttarPradesh | Himachal Pradesh |
| Haryana |
Question 14.
What are the social problems in densely populated areas? Complete the table.
Answer:
- Lack of open spaces
- Pollution
- Lack of water storage
- Crowding
- Poverty and Inequality
Question 15.
Why do some Indian states have higher population growth and some have lower?
Answer:
- Climate
- Topography
- Availability of water
- Types of soil
- Cost of living
- Access to healthcare
- Development levels of states
- Education
Question 16.
Observe the table, discuss and make notes on the trends in Male – Female Sex Ratio and Child Sex Ratio in India. Compare the Male – Female ratio and Child Sex Ratio of Kerala.
| Year | Male-Female ratio | Child Sex ratio |
| 1961 | 941 | 960 |
| 1971 | 930 | 964 |
| 1981 | 934 | 962 |
| 1991 | 927 | 945 |
| 2001 | 933 | 927 |
| 2011 | 940 | 914 |
Answer:
Kerala has shown a positive trend in both the overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males) and the child sex ratio (girls under 6 per 1000 boys under 6 ) from 1961 bullet to 2011. Efforts to promote gender equality and women’s education, Better access to prenatal care and health care for girls, and Initiatives to raise awareness about the importance of girls enhance the Male-Female sex ratio and the child sex ratio. Research initiatives undertaken by organisations working on women’s empowerment and child rights in Kerala might greatly influence the Male-female sex ratio and child sex ratio.
Question 17.
What is the male-female ratio in India and Kerala as per the 2011 census?
Answer:
In 2011, Kerala had 1084 females per 1000 males.
The male-female ratio in India, according to the 2011 census, is approximately 943 females per 1000 males.
Question 18.
What might be the social problems created by the decreasing male-female ratio?
Answer:
- Gender Inequality
- Violence Against Women
- Strain on Social Services
- Lower Population Growth
Question 19.
The Government has implemented various programmes like Pakal Veedu, Vayoraksha Project, Vayomithram Project, Amritham Project, etc., to address the problem of old age people. Prepare a brief note on these and present it to the class.
Answer:
These programmes reflect the support of the government towards the various needs of the elderly people. By providing healthcare, social interaction, and nutritional support, these initiatives help to improve the quality of life for senior citizens.
1.Pakal Veedu (Day Care Home)
It is an initiative designed to provide daytime care and companionship for the elderly. It offers a safe environment where seniors can engage in various recreational activities, social interactions and receive basic medical care. This programme aims to reduce loneliness and provide a support system for elderly people.
2. Vayoraksha Project
The Vayoraksha Project focuses on the health and well-being of senior citizens. It includes regular health check-ups, provision of medicines, and awareness programmes on health-related issues. The project aims to ensure that elderly people receive timely medical attention and are educated about maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
3. Vayomithram Project
Vayomithram (Friend of the Elderly) is a comprehensive programme that offers healthcare, counselling, and recreational activities to senior citizens. It includes home visits by healthcare professionals, telephone counselling, and organising social events. The goal is to provide both physical and emotional support to elderly people.
4. Amritham Project
The Amritham Project is dedicated to improving the nutritional health of elderly people. It includes providing balanced and nutritious meals to senior citizens, mainly those who are economically backward.
Question 20.
Which day is observed as World Population Day? Prepare and display placards showing the messages of World Population Day.
Answer:
Question 21.
| Age group of the population | Percentage of population |
| 0 -14 age | 29 |
| 15-59 | 63 |
| 60 years and above | 8 |
a) Which age group has the largest population?
b) Which age group has the lowest population?
Answer:
a) 0-14 age has the largest population
b) 60 years and above has the lowest population
Question 22.
Conduct a discussion in your class by identifying the population age structure of India and Kerala as per the 2011 census and find out how ‘old age people’ affect the country and the state.
Answer:
Population Age Structure ( 2011 Census) India:
Children ( 0-14 years): 29.5 %
Working Age ( 15-59 years): 62.5 %
Elderly ( 60 years and above): 8 %
Population Age Structure (2011 Census) Kerala:
Children ( 0-14 years): 23.4%
Working Age ( 15-59 years): 61.5 %
Elderly ( 60 years and above): 12.6 %
Kerala’s age structure indicates a more advanced demographic change compared to the rest of India, with a higher proportion of elderly people. A larger elderly population can strain public resources as more funds are needed for pensions, healthcare, and social services. The working-age population must support a higher dependency ratio, thereby slowing economic growth if not managed properly. In Kerala, family structures and community-based support systems play an important role in taking care of elderly people. Programmes like Pakal Veedu, Vayoraksha, Vayomithram, and Amritham in Kerala are based on care for elderly people through day-care homes, healthcare services, nutritional support, and social interaction opportunities.
Question 23.
Discuss and prepare a note on what should be taken care of for India to achieve the benefits of the demographic dividend.
Answer:
The number of employed people is more than the number of unemployed among the working-age population. This is called the demographic gift or demographic dividend. Invest in improving the quality of education at all levels. Ensure that children and young adults receive not just basic education but also critical thinking and problem solving skills. Implement healthcare systems that ensure access to medical services for all, particularly preventive and primary healthcare.
Focus on reproductive health services to control birth rates and improve maternal and child health. Implement labour market reforms that make it easier for businesses to hire and train employees while protecting workers’ rights. Investing in transportation, energy, and communication networks, to support economic activities. Promote innovation and adoption of new technologies to enhance productivity.
Demographic Trends in India Class 9 Extended Activities
Question 1.
Visit the website www.censusindia.gov.in and gather more information related to population.
Answer:
The total population of India is approximately 1.21 billion and the total population of Kerala is around 33.4 million. Population Density of India is 382 persons per square kilometre. Kerala has the highest population density in the country which is about 860 persons per square kilometer. In 2011, Kerala had 1084 females per 1000 males. The male-female ratio in India, according to the 2011 census, is approximately 943 females per 1000 males.
India’s birth rate in 2011 was around 21 per 1,000 people. This means for every 1,000 people, on average, about 21 babies were born that year. Similarly, the death rate was around 7.2 per 1,000 people in 2011. In 1901, India’s population was around 238 million. For the first 20 years (1901-1921), the growth wasn’t very fast.
This was because some people sadly couldn’t survive due to illnesses. There was even a decrease in population around 1921. After 1921, the population started growing faster. By 2001, it had almost quadrupled (four times) to 1,029 million. Even by 2011, the population had grown more to 1,211 million. India’s population is the largest in the world.
Question 2.
Collect news about areas in Kerala where human resource decline is happening due to international migration, and prepare a collage.
Answer:
Question 3.
Visit the website of Ministry of External Affairs and collect the statistics of migration from India and prepare a chart and display it.
Answer:
| Country | Number of Indian migrants (in millions) |
| United Arab Emirates | 3.5 |
| United States | 2.7 |
| Saudi Arabia | 2.5 |
| Kuwait | 1.0 |
| Oman | 0.8 |
| United Kingdom | 0.7 |
| Canada | 0.5 |
| Qatar | 0.4 |
| Australia | 0.3 |
| Singapore | 0.2 |
Question 4.
You may find the female-male ratio Of other states on the NSO website (https://mospi.gov.in). Why is there a difference in the female-male ratio in different states? You may discuss and present it in your class.
Discussion points
- Female foeticide
- Preferential attitude towards boys
- Inadequate healthcare
Answer:
| State | Female- male ratio (per 1000 males) |
| Kerala | 1084 |
| Haryana | 879 |
| Punjab | 895 |
| Tamil Nadu | 996 |
| Maharashtra | 929 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 912 |
| Rajasthan | 928 |
| West Bengal | 950 |
| Gujarat | 919 |
| Singapore | 918 |
States with higher rates of female foeticide show significantly lower female-male ratios. Cultural traditions often value male children more than female children. This results in better care, nutrition, and opportunities for boys, affecting the survival and development rates of girls. Poor access to healthcare services, especially for women and girls, contributes to higher mortality rates.
Question 5.
The Kerala Government is implementing many schemes to improve the male-female ratio in Kerala and for the upliftment of women and children.
- Helping Hand
- Hope
- Viva Kerala
Collect the details of the above and prepare a brief note.
Answer:
Helping Hand: This scheme aims to provide financial assistance and support to economically backward women and children in Kerala. It offers various services such as financial aid, educational support, healthcare assistance, and vocational training to empower women and ensure the well¬being of children from lower backgrounds.
The ‘Hope’ initiative focuses on promoting gender equality and empowering women in Kerala. It includes measures to improve access to education, healthcare, employment opportunities, and legal rights for women. The scheme also emphasises raising awareness about gender-based discrimination and violence, advocating for women’s rights, and promoting a supportive environment for their socio-economic development.
Viva Kerala: This scheme is designed to address the issue of the declining male-female ratio in Kerala by promoting the birth and welfare of girl children. It provides incentives and benefits to families that have female children, encouraging them to invest in their education, health, and overall well-being.
Question 6.
Organise a seminar on population growth in Kerala. The seminar paper should be prepared considering the conceptual areas given below.
- Population of Kerala – District with the highest population
- Population Density of Kerala – District with the lowest population
- Migration – Domestic and International
- Birth and death rate
- Life expectancy
- Age structure
- Population, Dividends
Answer:
The population of Kerala has been steadily increasing over the years, contributing to its demographic significance. Among the districts, Thiruvananthapuram holds the distinction of having the highest population. Factors contributing to high population density in Thiruvananthapuram include urbanisation, employment opportunities, and infrastructure development.
Wayanad is known for its lower population density compared to other districts in Kerala. The hilly terrain and forest cover in Wayanad influence settlement patterns and contribute to its lower population density. Despite its lower population, Wayanad faces challenges related to sustainable development and resource management.
Domestic migration is primarily due to employment opportunities and urbanisation, with migrants moving from rural to urban areas within Kerala. International migration, especially to Gulf countries, plays a crucial role in Kerala’s economy. Kerala exhibits relatively low’ birth and death rates compared to other states in India. Factors such as high literacy rates, access to healthcare, and awareness of family planning contribute to lower birth rates. Factors contributing to higher life expectancy include access to quality healthcare, education, sanitation, and lifestyle choices.
Question 7.
Make a note of the social characteristics of demography.
Answer:
Social demography deals with the study of population structure and change and how it interacts with sociological factors (region, religion, caste, gender, etc). It emphasises the socioeconomic and political patterns of a region. It analyses how the demographics of an area relate to various social factors in that area.
Std 9 History Chapter 5 Notes Kerala Syllabus Extra Question Answer
Question 1.
Compare the male-female ratio and child-sex ratio.
Answer:
Sex Ratio (Sex Ratio) is the number of females per thousand males in a particular area during a specific period of time. The child sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the age group 0-6 years.
Question 2.
What are the indicators of demography?
Answer:
- Migration
- Birth rate and death rate
- Population density
- Male- female ratio & child sex ratio
- Life expectancy
- Age Structure
- Dependency ratio
Question 3.
Write an example of formal demography.
Answer:
Census
Question 4.
What is an ageing population?
Answer:
The age structure ratio of the relatively older age group is higher than that of the younger age group. This age structure is called the ageing population. This can happen due to a decrease in fertility rates and an increase in life expectancy. With the development of the country and standard of living also increases which leads to a further increase in Life Expectancy.
Question 5.
Explain the two major types of migration.
Answer:
Internal Migration
Migration within a country’s border is called internal migration. People of Kerala going to other states in search of employment and people from other states coming to Kerala are examples of internal migration.
International Migration
Migration across country borders is generally called international migration. An example of international migration is the movement of people from India to Gulf countries and European countries.
Question 6.
How will you find the population of an area?
Answer:
Population is the total number of people residing in an area during a given period of time.
Question 7.
What do you mean by demography?
Answer:
Demography is the branch of science that deals with the population structure such as birth and death rates, migration, and population density. Demography analyses the diverse human resources of an area and its structural changes. Demography is a detailed method of studying how these human resources can be utilised for the development of a society.
Question 8.
What are the factors which influence the population size?
Answer:
- Birth
- Death
- Migration
- Environmental factors (natural disasters, climate change etc..)
- Political factors (war, political instability, government policies)
Question 9.
What do you mean by Density of population?
Answer:
The population of an area is the total number of people residing in that area during a specific period of time. But the average population per square kilometre is called the Density of Population.
Question 10.
How the population growth affect the birth rate and death rate?
Answer:
Population growth is calculated based on the difference between birth rate and death rate. Population growth slows down when the birth rate is low and the death rate is high. Population increases when the birth rate exceeds the death rate.
Question 11.
Differentiate between the Male-female Sex ratio and child sex ratio.
Answer:
The male-female ratio influences population growth and its consequences. The male-female ratio in the population affects the birth rate, death rate, migration, etc. Sex Ratio (Sex Ratio) is the number of females per thousand males in a particular area during a specific period of time. The child sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the age group 0-6 years.
Question 12.
How does the rise in dependency ratio affect the development of the country?
Answer:
As the dependency ratio rises, then the number of old age population also increases, which is one of the problems that the country faces. The employable population (between the ages of 15 and 64)is forced to take up the responsibility of a large segment of the unemployed. This leads to a decrease in the economic development of the country.
Question 13.
What do you mean by demographic dividend or demographic gift?
Answer:
The number of employed people is more than the number of unemployed among the working-age population. This is called the demographic gift or demographic dividend.
Question 14.
What are the factors that contribute to the high life expectancy rate in Kerala?
Answer:
- High literacy rate and higher education
- Decentralised public health policy
- Cleanliness
- Food availability and public distribution