Prasanna

Students can Download Chapter 16 Measures of Dispersion Notes, Plus One Economics Notes helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Economics Notes Chapter 16 Measures of Dispersion

Dispersion
A measure of dispersion can tell you about income inequalities, thereby improving the understanding of the relative standards of living enjoyed by different strata of society. Dispersion is the extent to which values in a distribution differ from the average of the distribution.
To quantify the extent of the variation, there are certain measures namely:

1. Range
2. Quartile Deviation
3. Mean Deviation
4. Standard Deviation
5. Lorenz Curve

Range
Range (R) is the difference between the largest (L) and the smallest value (S) in a distribution.
Thus, R = L – S
A higher value of Range implies higher dispersion and vice-versa.

Quartile Deviation
The presence of even one extremely high or low value in distribution can reduce the utility of range as a measure of dispersion. Thus, you may need a measure which is not unduly affected by the outliers. In such a situation, if the entire data is divided into four equal parts, each containing 25% of the values, we get the values of Quartiles and Median. The upper and lower quartiles (Q₃ and Q₁ respectively) are used to calculate Inter Quartile Range which is Q₃ – Q₁.

Mean Deviation
Mean deviation of a series is the arithmetic average of the deviations of various items from a measure of central tendency. In aggregating the deviations, algebraic signs of the deviations are not taken into account. It is because, if the algebraic signs were taken into account, the sum of deviations from the mean should be zero and that from the median is nearly zero. Theoretically, the deviations can be taken from any of the three averages, namely, arithmetic mean, median, or mode; but, the mode is usually not considered as it is less stable. Between mean and median, the latter is supposed to be better because the sum of the deviations from the median is less than the sum of the deviations from the mean,
Co-efficient of MD = \(\frac{\mathrm{MD}}{\text { Average }}\)

Standard Deviation
Standard deviation is defined as the square root of the arithmetic average of the squares of deviations taken from the arithmetic average of a series. It is also known as the root-mean-square deviation for the reason that it is the square root of the mean of the squared deviations from AM.

Standard deviation is denoted by the Greek letter a (small letter ‘sigma’). The term variance is used to describe the square of the standard deviation. Standard deviation is an absolute measure of dispersion. The corresponding relative measure is called the coefficient of SD. The coefficient of variation is also a relative measure. A series with more coefficient of variation is regarded as less consistent or less stable than a series with less coefficient of variation.
Symbolically, Standard deviation = σ
Variance = σ²
Coefficient of SD = \(\frac{\sigma}{\bar{x}}\)
Coefficient of variation = \(\frac{\sigma}{\bar{x}} \times 100\)

Lorenz Curve
The measures of dispersion discussed so far give a numerical value of dispersion. A graphical measure called the Lorenz Curve is available for estimating dispersion.

Lorenz Curve uses the information expressed in a cumulative manner to indicate the degree of variability. It is especially useful in comparing the variability of two or more distributions.

Construction of the Lorenz Curve
Following steps are required for the Construction of the Lorenz Curve

1. Calculate class mid-points and find cumulative totals
2. Calculate cumulative frequencies
3. Express the grand totals and convert the cumulative totals into percentages,
4. Now, on the graph paper, take the cumulative percentages of the variable (incomes) on the Y-axis and cumulative percentages of frequencies (number of employees) on the X-axis.
5. Draw a line joining Co-ordinate (0, 0) with (100, 100). This is called the line of equal distribution.
6. Plot the cumulative percentages of the variable with corresponding cumulative percentages of frequency. Join these points to get the curve.

Students can Download Chapter 15 Measures of Central Tendency Notes, Plus One Economics Notes helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Economics Notes Chapter 15 Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Central Tendency
The measuring of central tendency is a way of summarizing the data in the form of a typical or representative value. There are several statistical measures of central tendency or “averages”.
The three most commonly used averages are:

• Arithmetic Mean
• Median
• Mode

Arithmetic Mean
Arithmetic mean is the most commonly used measure of central tendency. It is defined as the sum of the values of all observations divided by the number of observations and is usually denoted by x. In general, if there are N observations as x₁, x₂, x₃,……, x_N, then the Arithmetic Mean is given by

Individual Series
In individual series, values of the variables are given individually without any group, classes, or frequency.
In this case, as stated above, finding the arithmetic mean is to add all the individual values and then divide the sum by the total number of observations and is known as the direct method.

Discrete Series
Here, the data are in the grouped form and frequency for each observation is given. But it is not in the form of classes. Here also we use direct method or assumed mean method or step deviation method to find the arithmetic mean. If a particular method is not insisted, you can follow any method which is suitable for the problem.
In this method, mean \(\bar{x}=\frac{\varepsilon f x}{N}\)

Continuous Series: In continuous series, data are given in frequency classes. The mid-value (m) of the class has to be found out first.
Mean \(\bar{x}=\frac{\varepsilon f x}{N}\)

Median
Median is that positional value of the variable which divides the distribution into two equal parts, one part comprises all values greater than or equal to the median value and the other comprises all values less than or equal to it. The Median is the “middle” element when the data set is arranged in order of magnitude.

Individual Series: For finding the median of an individual series, first arrange it in ascending or descending order and then locate the middlemost item. The value of the middlemost item will be the median.
Median = value of \(\left(\frac{N+1}{2}\right)\)th item

Discrete Series: In discrete series items are grouped and frequencies are given. There will not be any classes. For finding the median of a discrete series, first we arrange the items in ascending or descending order as before. Then, we find less than cumulative frequencies. Now, it is easy to locate the value of \(\left(\frac{N+1}{2}\right)\)th item.

Continuous Series: In Continuous series, data is given in frequency classes. For finding the median, first we identify the median class. Median class is the class in which the value corresponding to the frequency (N/2)th item may lie. After identifying the median class, we use the following formula for finding the median:

Where,
L = lower limit of the median class
N = total frequency
cf = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class
f = frequency of the median class
c = class width of the median class

Mode
Mode is the value around which there is the greatest concentration of values. In other words, it is the item having the largest frequency. In some cases, there may be more than one point of concentration of values and the series may be bi-modal or multi-modal. When one value occurs more frequently than any other value, the distribution is called uni-modal.

The word mode is derived from the French word ‘la mode’ which means fashion or the most popular phenomenon. Mode is thus the most popular item of a series around which there is the highest frequency density. It is denoted by Mo.

i) Individual Series: Comparing to mean and median, computation of mode is easy. In individual series, the mode is that value which repeats the highest number of times. It is often found by mere inspection.

ii) Discrete Series: In discrete series, the mode is determined just by inspection. The item having the highest frequency is taken as mode.

iii) Continuous Series: In continuous series, mode lies in the class having the highest frequency. Hence the modal class may be determined either by inspection or by grouping table. Then mode is determined using the formula:

where,
L₀ = lower limit of the modal class
D₁ = difference between the frequencies of the modal class and the class preceding it (ignoring the sign)
D₂ = difference between the frequencies of the modal class and the class succeeding it (ignoring the sign); and
c = class interval of the modal class

Quartiles
Quartiles are the measures which divide the data into four equal parts; each portion contains an equal number of observations. Thus, there are three quartiles. The first Quartile (denoted by Q₁) or lower quartile has 25% of the items of the distribution below it and 75% of the items are greater than it. The second Quartile (denoted by Q₂) or median has 50% of items below it and 50% of the observations above it. The third Quartile (denoted by Q₃) or upper Quartile has 75% of the items of the distribution below it and 25%of the items above it. Thus, Q₁ and Q₃ denote the two limits within which central 50% of the data lies.

Students can Download Chapter 14 Presentation of Data Notes, Plus One Economics Notes helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Economics Notes Chapter 14 Presentation of Data

Presentation of Data
The most common form of presenting the data are textual or descriptive presentation, tabular presentation and diagrammatic presentation.

Textual Presentation of Data: This is the method of presenting data in text form. This method of presentation is possible only when the quantity of data is not too large. Following are the two examples of presenting the data in a textual format appeared in news papers.

Tabular Presentation of Data: Tabular presentation is the systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns. In other words, tabulation is a layout of figures in rectangular form with appropriate heading to explain different rows and columns.

Diagrammatic and Graphical Representation of Data: It is the more attractive and eye-catching method of presenting data. This provides the quickest understanding of the actual situation to be explained by data in comparison to tabular or textual presentations. The diagrams are broadly divided into three namely geometric diagrams, frequency diagram and arithmetic line graph. Again, geometric diagrams are classified into bar diagram and pie diagram.

Parts of a Table
A good table should have the following parts.
i) Table Number: Table number is essential for identifying the table; especially when more than one table is presented. It is the table numberthat distinguishes one table from the other. For easy reference, they are numbered according to their order of appearance in the text. It may be placed at the top or at the bottom)

ii) Title: Every table should contain a title, because it narrates about the contents of the table. Just like the table number, the title can also be placed at the top or bottom of the table. The title should be clear, brief, carefully worded, unambiguous and complete. It should be capable of giving the clear idea about the table.

iii) Captions: It is also called the column heading, which gives a designation to the column. It is given as the top row. Under each column head, there may be subheads. In table-14.4 above, there are three captions: rank, name of country and production of wheat.

iv) Stubs: It is also called the row heading, which gives a designation to the row. It is given as the left column and that column is called the stub column.

v) Body of the Table: It is the most important part of the table. It contains the actual data. The body is arranged generally from left to right in rows and from top to bottom in columns.

vi) Unit of Measurement: The units of measurement of the figures in the data should always be given in the table. It can be given with the title if the same unit is used in the whole table. If different units are used for different columns, they should be given with the respective column headings; and if different units are used for different rows, they should be given with the respective row headings.

vii) Source: It is a brief statement indicating the source from where the data is taken. If more than one source, all of them should be written there. This will help the reader to check the figures and gather more information if required. It also helps in indicating the authenticity of data. Generally, source is written in the bottom of the table.

Various Kinds of Diagrams
There are various kinds of diagrams in common use. Amongst them the important ones are the following:
1. Geometric diagram
2. Frequency diagram
3. Arithmetic line graph

Geometric Diagram: Bardiagram and pie diagram come in the category of geometric diagram for the presentation of data. The bar diagrams are of three types- simple, multiple and component bar diagrams.

i) Bar Diagram
Simple Bar Diagram: Bardiagram comprises a group of Equi-spaced and equi-width rectangular bars for each class or category of data. The height or length of the bar reads the magnitude of data.

Multiple Bar Diagram: Multiple bar diagrams are used for comparing two or more sets of data, for example, import and export for different years, marks obtained in different subjects in different classes, etc.

Component Bar Diagram: Component bar diagrams or charts also called sub-diagrams are very useful in comparing the sizes of different component parts and also for throwing light on the relationship among these integral parts.

ii) Pie Diagram
A pie diagram is also a component diagram, but unlike a component bar diagram, a circle whose area is proportionally divided among the components it represents. It is also called a pie chart. The circle is divided into as many parts as there are components by drawing straight lines from the centre to the circumference. Pie charts usually are not drawn with absolute values of a category. The values of each category are first
expressed as a percentage of the total value of all the categories.

It may be interesting to note that data represented by a component^bar diagram can also be represented equally well by a pie chart, the only requirement being that absolute values of the components have to be converted into percentages before they can be used for a pie diagram.

Graphical Presentation
Data in the form of grouped frequency distributions are generally represented by frequency diagrams like histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve and ogive.

a) Histogram: A histogram is a two-dimensional diagram. It is a set of rectangles with bases as the intervals between class boundaries (along X- axis) and with areas proportional to the class frequency. If the class intervals are of equal width, which they generally are, the area of the rectangles are proportional to their respective frequencies. However, in some type of data, it is convenient, at times necessary, to use varying width of class intervals. The width in a histogram is as important as its height. We can have a bar diagram both for discrete and continuous variables, but histogram is drawn only for a continuous variable. Histogram also gives value of mode of the frequency distribution graphically.

b) Frequency Polygon: A frequency polygon is a plane bounded by straight lines, usually four or more lines. Frequency polygon is an alternative to histogram and is also derived from histogram itself. A frequency polygon can be fitted to a histogram for studying the shape of the curve. The simplest method of drawing a frequency polygon is to join the midpoints of the topside of the consecutive rectangles of the histogram.

c) Frequency Curve: The frequency curve is obtained by drawing a smooth freehand curve passing through the points of the frequency polygon as closely as possible. It may not necessarily pass through all the points of the frequency polygon but it passes through them as closely as possible.

d) Ogive: Ogive is also called cumulative frequency curve. As there are two types of cumulative frequencies, for example less than type and more than type, accordingly there are two ogives for any grouped frequency distribution data. Here in place of simple frequencies as in the case of frequency polygon, cumulative frequencies are plotted along y-axis against class limits of the frequency distribution. For less than give the cumulative frequencies are plotted against the respective upper limits of the class intervals whereas for more than ogives the cumulative frequencies are plotted against the respective lower limits of the class interval. An interesting feature of the two ogives together is that their intersection point gives the median.

Students can Download Chapter 10 IT Applications Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions Chapter 10 IT Applications

Plus One Computer Application IT Applications 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Name the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for delivering government services to the citizens in a convenient, efficient, and transparent manner.
Answer:
e-Governance

Question 2.
“e-Governance facilitates interaction between different stakeholders in governance”. Say whether the statement is True or False.
Answer:
It is true.

Question 3.
The system of financial exchange between buyers and sellers in an online environment is known as _________.

Answer:
Electronic Payment System(EPS)

Question 4.
Check whether the following statement is True or False.
“e-Business is an extension of e-Commerce”
Answer:
Yes It is True.

Question 5.
Real time exchange of text messages between two or more persons over Internet is termed as _____.
Answer:
Online chat

Question 6.
Pick the odd one out
a) e- Book Reader
b) e-Text
c) Television channels
d) e-Business
Answer:
c) e-Business, the others are e-Learning tools

Question 7.
Define e-Text.
Answer:
The electronic form&t of textual data is called e- Text. It can be read aloud by an e-Text reader device that will help the visually challenged people.

Question 8.
Give an example for e-Learning tool.
Answer:
Electronic Books Reader

Question 9.
Name an electronic device using which we can easily read e-Text.
Answer:
e-Book reader

Question 10.
Write the full forms of BPO and KPO.
Answer:
BPO is Business Process Outsourcing KPO is Knowledge Process Outsourcing

Question 11.
Name any two e-Learning tools.
Answer:
1) e-Book Reader
2) Online chat

Question 12.
The system used for financial exchange between buyers and sellers in a online business is _____
a) electronic business online
b) electronic payment system
c) business process outsourcing
d) online payment system
Answer:
b) Electronic Payment System

Question 13.
Online railway reservation is an example of _____.
a) e-Business
b) e-Rail
c) e-Governance
d) e-Leaming
Answer:
e-Governance

Question 14.
Which one of the following is NOT an e-business website?
a) www.amazon.com
b) www.dhsekerala.gov.in
c) www.keralartc.com
d) www.irtc.com
Answer:
b) www.dhsekprala.gov.in

Question 15.
In ICT enabled services BPO stands for _____.
Answer:
Business Process Outsourcing

Question 16.
Application of ICT for delivering government services to citizens in a convenient and transparent manner is called_______.
Answer:
e- Governance

Plus One Computer Application IT Applications 2 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define the term e-Governance.
Answer:
The integration of computers and communication technology for the benefit of government functions to#the public is termed as E-Governance by this Govt can serve the public in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner.

Question 2.
Give an example for e-Governance website.
Answer:
m www.hscap.kerala.gov.in, This site is used to manage +2 admission (Ekajalakam or Single Window System)

Question 3.
What is KSWAN?
Answer:
It is envisaged to be the core common network infrastructure for e-Governance and the State Information Infrastructure(SII), connecting Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Calicut. It acts as backbone of SII.

Question 4.
Define e-Business
Answer:
It is Electronic business. It provides services or running business through internet is called E business

Question 5.
Define e-Banking.
Answer:
Doing all the banking activities at any time and place through internet. We can check the balance amount, transfer money from our a/c to another a/c at any time and location. We can sit our home or any place and conduct banking activities hence it is very convenient to the public.

Question 6.
Write down the functions of call centres.
Answer:
Call centre is a third party company and its main aim is to serve the public for the payment of bills, purchase of goods, doubt clearance, etc. Here Telephone facility is set up to handle incoming and out going calls about goods or service for an organisation.

Plus One Computer Application IT Applications 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List out different types of interactions in e-Governance.
Answer:
The integration of computers and communication technology for the benefit of government functions to the public is termed as E-Govemance.
Types of interactions in e-Governance is given below

• Government to Government(G2G): Electronically exchanging data or information among Government agencies, departments or organizations. Government to Citizens(G2C): Exchange of information between
• Government and Citizens Government to Business(G2B) : Interaction between the Government and
• Business men. Government to Employees(G2E) : The exchange of information between Government and its employees

Question 2.
Differentiate between BPO and KPO.
Answer:
BPO means Business Process Outsourcing: A business firm’s main aim is to increase the profit by reduce the expenditure for this some works are transferred to other contractors(man power supply company common in other countries). The parent company is not responsible to such employees but the work will be carried out smoothly. Knowledge Process Outsourcing(KPO): It is similar as BPO but the main job in KPO is knowledge and information related that is carried out by a third party company

Question 3.
What are the advantages of e-Governance?
Answer:
The advantages of e-Governance is given below Its main aim is to provide better service to the people at any time and place with high speed. In the modern world it is very helpful and convenient to the people.

• It enables automation of Govt, services .
• It ensures the participation of citizens hence strengthen the democracy
• It ensures more transparency hence eliminates corruption
• It enhances responsibilities of various Govt. Departments
• Its proper implementation saves time and money of the people by avoiding unnecessary visits to offices,

Question 4.
What are the duties of Akshaya?
Answer:
These were launched in 2002 in the Malappuram Dist.ln Kerala by the project of Kerala State Information Technology Mission(KSITM). Its aim is to provide services such as e-grants, e filing, e district, e ticketing,/ation card application, Voters Id application,New Vehicles Registration application, insurance and Banking to the peoples of Kerala.

Question 5.
What is Common Service Center(CSC)? List some of the services offered through CSC.
Answer:
Common Service Centres are the web enabled points of the government, private and social sector services. They provide services such as Agriculture, Health, Banking, Educational, Entertainment, Commercial, Transport services for the rural citizens of India. In Kerala Akshaya centers are working as CSC.

Question 6.
What are the major challenges faced in the implementation of e-Learning?
Answer:
Following are the challenges to e Learning

• Face to face contact between student and teachers is not possible
• Proper interaction is limited lack of infrastructure facilities
• Its implementation requires computer and high speed Internet
• Pupil may not get proper motivation
• It does not provide a real lab facility

Question 7.
a) Explain the term, ICT.
b) Briefly explain the advantages of implementing e-Governance.
Answer:
a) Information and Communication Technology .
b) The advantages of e-Govemance is given below Its main aim is to provide better service to the people at any time and place with high speed. In the modern world it is very helpful and convenient to the people.

• It enables automation of Govt, services.
• It ensures the participation of citizens hence strengthen the, democracy
• It ensures more transparency hence eliminates corruption
• It enhances responsibilities of various Govt. Departments
• Its proper implementation saves time and money of the people by avoiding unnecessary visits to offices.

Question 8.
Remya has got a job at a call center. What is a call center? What kind of job does a call center provide?
Answer:
Call centre is a third party company and its main aim is to serve the public for the payment of bills, purchase’of goods, doubt clearance, etc. Here Telephone facility is set up to handle incoming and out going calls about goods or service for an organisation

Question 9.
Explain any three e-learning tools,
Answer:
e Learning tools

• Electronic books reader(e Books): With the help of a tablet or portable computer or any other device we can read digital files by using a s/w is called electronic books reader.
• e text: The electronic format of textual data is called e-Text.
• Online chat: Real time exchange of text or audio or video messages between two or more person over the Internet.
• e Content : The data or information such as text, audio, video , presentations, images, animations etc, are stored in electronic format.
• Educational TV channels : TV channels dedicated only for the e-Learning purpose :
  Eg-. VICTERS (Virtual Class room Technology on Edusat for Rural Schools OR Versatile ICT Enabled Resources for Students)

Question 10.
Define e-Governance. Write any four advantages of e-Governance.
Answer:
E-Governance
The integration of computers and communication technology for the benefit of government functions to the public is termed as E-Governance by this Govt can serve the public in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner.

Benefits of E-Governance : Its main aim is to provide better service to the people at any time and place with high speed. In the modern world it is very helpful and convenient to the people.

• It enables automation of Govt.services.
• It ensures the participation of citizens hence strengthen the democracy.
• It ensures more transparency hence eliminates corruption.
• It enhances responsibilities of various Govt Departments.
• Its proper implementation saves time and money of the people by avoiding unnecessary visits to offices.

Question 11.
i) Which of the following system in e-Business . exchanges money between buyer and seller?
a) Automatic Teller Machine
b) Electronic Payment System
c) Payment Service System
d) Financial Data Center.
ii) e-Governance provide a lot of government services to citizens through ICT. What are the different categories of e-Governance interactions?
Answer:
i) b) Electronic Payment System
ii) Types of interactions in e-Governance e-Governance facilitates interaction between different stakeholders in governance .
Government to Government(G2G): Electronically exchanging data or information among Government agencies, departments or organizations.
Government to Citizens(G2C): Exchange information between Government and Citizens .
Government to Business(G2B) : Interaction’ between the Government and Business men.
Government to Employees(G2E) : The exchange of information between Government and its employees

Question 12.
Explain any three tools that enhance e-Learning process.
Answer:
e Learning tools

• Electronic books reader(e Books): With the help of a tablet or portable computer or any other device we can read digital files by using a s/w is called electronic books reader.
• e text: The electronic format of textual data is called e-Text.
• Online chat: Real time exchange of text or audio or video messages between two or more person over the Internet.
• e Content : The data or information such as text, audio, video , presentations, images, animations etc, are stored in electronic format.
• Educational TV channels : TV channels dedicated only for the e-Learning purpose : Eg. VICTERS (Virtual Class.room Technology on Edusat for Rural Schools OR Versatile ICT Enabled Resources for Students).

Question 13.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of implementing e-Business.
Answer:
Advantages of E-business is given below

• It overcomes geographical limitations
• It reduces the operational cost
• It minimizes the time and cost
• It remains open all the time
• We can locate the product faster from a wider range of choices

Disadvantages of E-business is given below

• Peoples are unaware of IT applications and its uses
• Most peoples don’t have plastic money(credit / debit card) and net banking
• It requires high security measurements otherwise you may lose money
• We can’t touch or smell products through online
• Some companies may not have proper Goods delivery service.

Plus One Computer Application IT Applications 5 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of implementing e-Business?
Answer:
Advantages of e business is given below

• It overcomes geographical limitations
• It reduces the operational cost
• It minimizes the time and cost
• It remains open all the time
• We can locate the product faster from a wider range of choices

Disadvantages of E business is given below:

• Peoples are unaware of IT applications and its uses
• Most peoples don’t have plastic money(credit / debit card) and net banking
• It requires high security measurements otherwise you may lose money
• We can’t touch or smell products through online
• Some companies may not have proper Goods delivery service

Question 2.
Explain any three IT enabled services in detail.
Answer:
1) Call centre : It is a third party company and its main aim is to serve the public for the payment of bills, purchase of goods, doubt clearance, etc. Here Telephone facility is set up to handle incoming and out going calls about goods or service for an organisation.
2) Teleconferencing : It is a Way of conferring, discussing or communicating by audio and video circuits, by a group of people located in geographically distributed areas. There are two types of conferencing video and audio. In audio conferencing the participants can’t see each other but only hear voices of one another.
3) Video conferencing : It is a type of Teleconferencing. The participants can see each other live on screen and can speak to each other with the help of teleconferencing. They must be sit in conference rooms connected through a teleconference system(A video camera and a speaker phone are connected to a computer with Internet connection)

Question 3.
Discuss in detail various uses of IT in health care field.
Answer:
In the field of medicine and health care computers play very important role. Such as diagnosing diseases, monitoring patients during surgery etc.

1) Medical equipments : Most of the medical equipments such as CT scanner, MRI scanner, Ultra Sound scanner, ECG, ECHO test, TMT, etc work with the help of computers

2) Electronic Medical Record(EMR): It is a digital version of a paper chart that contains all of a patient’s medical history from one practice. An EMR is mostly used by doctors fordiagnosis and treatment.

3) Web based support / diagnosis : Internet is used by the doctors to acquire information to diagnose and give treatment to the patients who are suffering from diseases.

4) Telemedicine : With the help of TeleMedicine equipment doctors and nurses can examine patients in remote locations by monitoring the patient conditions such as BP, temperature etc. and give the correct medical treatment. Tele medicine is implemented with a telephone line and a computer.

5) Research and development: Computers play inevitable role in almost every branch of science and engineering. The role of computers in different fields of research and development is unavoidable. The most complex genetic problem may evaluated with the help of computers easily and can simulate actual system using a computer. The computers help in diagnosis, treatment of patients and better running of hospitals.

Students can Download Chapter 9 Internet Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions Chapter 9 Internet

Plus One Computer Application Internet 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A network of smaller networks that exists all over the world is called _______.
Answer:
Internet

Question 2.
ARPANET means ______.
Answer:
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.

Question 3.
Odd one out.
a) Internet explorer
b) Mozilla
c) Netscape navigator
d) Windows explorer
Answer:
d) Windows explorer, the others are browsers.

Question 4.
Odd man out.
a) Word
b) Excel
c) Power Point
d) Mosaic
Answer:
d) Mosaic. It is a browser, others are MS Office packages.

Question 5.
The interface between user and computer hardware is called operating system then what about the interface between user and internet (www)?
Answer:
Browser.

Question 6.
With the help of this the user can search informations provided on the internet. What is it ?
Answer:
Browser .

Question 7.
Benhur wants to navigate through the web pages from the following which will help him?
a) A browser
b) MS Word
c) Tally
d) Paint
Answer:
a) A browser.

Question 8.
I am a piece of software. With the help of me a user can search information from the internet and navigate through the web pages. Who am I ?
Answer:
Browser.

Question 9.
Anil told you that he was browsing at that time. From the following choose the right one.
a) He was visiting a website
b) He was reading a book
c) He was watching TV
d) He was sleeping.
Answer:
a) He was visiting a website. The process of visiting a website is called browsing.

Question 10.
_____ is a popular browser commonly used in windows operating system.
a) Mozilla
b) Netscape navigator
c) Mosaic
d) Internet explorer
Answer:
d) Internet Explorer.

Question 11.
_____ browser is commonly used in Linux.
a) Internet explorer
b) Moziila
c) Netscape navigator
d) Mosaic
Answer:
b) Moziila.

Question 12.
Mr. Asokan wants to go the previous page. From the following which option will help him?
a) Back button
b) Refresh
c) Favorites
d) Stop
Answer:
a) Back button.

Question 13.
While navigating through a website, sita wants to go back to the home page. From the following which will heip her ?
a) Refresh
b) Search
c) Home
d) Mail
Answer:
c) Home.

Question 14.
While surfing a website, Joyson.wants to play music or video. Which button will help him?
a) Home
b) Search
c) Media
d) Mail
Answer:
c) Media.

Question 15.
Aumima wants to know the websites that her brother had visited last week? From the following which will help her?
а) Media
b) History
c) Mail
d) Search
Answer:
b) History .

Question 16.
While browsing, the internet connection is lost so you want to reload the web page. Which will help for this?
a) Refresh
b) Stop
c) Media
d) Edit
Answer:
a) Refresh.

Question 17.
The address bar is also known as ______.
а) URL
b) UDL
c) KRL d)
None of these
Answer:
a)URL.

Question 18.
You want to add and organize a website to a list. Which will help for this?
a) Favorites
b) search
c) Back
d) mail
Answer:
a) Favorites.

Question 19.
How can it possible to understand that the browser is retrieving data?
a) Access indicator icon animates
b) From the refresh button
c) From the back button
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Access indicator icon animates.

Question 20.
The progress of the data being downloaded indicates by the _______.
a) Address bar
b) Progression bar
c) Status bar
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Status Bar.

Question 21.
Baby wants to download a file. The time needed for that depends on the _______ of the file.
a) Size
b) Place
c) Type
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Size.

Question 22.
the following which option will help him for that?
a) Copy
b) Page setup
c) Search
d) Media
Answer:
Page setup.

Question 23.
Mr. Franco’s e-mail id is franco@rediffmail.com. He wants to connect this page fastly. From the following which will help him.
a) Favorite
b) Search
c) Refresh
d) Media
Answer:
a) Favorite.

Question 24.
Mrs. Janaki purchased a product through online and payment was given by credit card. She wants to protect the information about the credit card. How can it be possible from the following?
а) Security
b) Favorite
c) Media
d) Content
Answer:
a) Security.

Question 25.
Odd man out.
a) www.google.com
b) www.yahoo.com
c) www.altavista.com
d) www.stmaryshss.com
Answer:
d) www.stmaryshss.com, the others are search engines.

Question 26.
Alvis got email about some products without his consent. Which type of email is this ?
Answer:
Spam.

Question 27.
What is the primary thing you have needed to sent an email to your friend?
Answer:
You have need an email id (address).

Question 28.
There is a PTA meeting in your school in the next month. The school authorities want to send the in-vitation to the parents. Which field of the message structure will help for this?
Answer:
CC or bcc.

Question 29.
You want to send an invitation to your friends. But the friends should not know that the same invitation is send by you to others also. Which field of the message structure will help you?
Answer:
bcc.

Question 30.
Mr. Lijo wants to send his photograph to his friend by email. Which feature will help him for this?
Answer:
Attachment feature.

Question 31.
You got some pictures pf Jesus Christ through email from one of your friends. You want to send this pic-tures to your brother. What button will help you for this?
Answer:
Forward button .

Question 32.
You got an email from your father working abroad. You want to send an email without typing his email id. Which button will help you for this?
Answer:
Reply button.

Question 33.
You got an email from an Insurance Company you want to store their email id which feature will help you for this?
Answer:
We can add address to Address Book.

Question 34.
Who proposed the idea of www.
Answer:
Tim Berners Lee.

Question 35.
The protocol for internet communication is
Answer:
TCP/IP protocol.

Question 36.
A short distance wireless Internet access method is
Answer:
Wi-Fi.

Question 37.
Give an example for an e-mail address.
Answer:
jobi_cg@rediffmail.com.

Question 38.
Which of the following is not a search engine ? (roses a<6)3S3(oro)1§36ffi(0)1(o8 search engine ©ragpero®”nflxra?
a) Google
b) Bing
c) Facebook
d) Ask
Answer:
c) Facebook

Question 39.
Name the protocol used for e-mail transmission across Internet.
Answer:
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP).

Question 40
Name three services over Internet.
Answer:
1 www, search engine, E-mail.

Question 41.
Each document on the web is referred using ______.
Answer:
Uniform Resource Locator(URL).

Question 42.
The small text files used by browsers to remember our email id’s, user names, etc are known as _______.
Answer:
Cookies.

Question 43.
The act of breaking into secure networks to destroy data is called hacking.
Answer:
Black hats.

Question 44.
Who introduced the term, www?
Answer:
Tim Berners Lee.

Question 45.
_________ is a software used for removing worms and trojans.
Answer:
Anti virus.

Question 46.
Which among the following communication technologies is the slowest ?
a) Bluetooth
b) Wi-Fi
c) Wi-MAX
d) Satellite link
Answer:
a) Bluetooth (upto 1 Mbps).

Question 47.
Consider the relation given below.
Social network : facebook.com. Which among the following share a similar relationship as the above?
a) micro blog : blogger.com
b) social blog : twitter.com
c) Content community: youtube.com
d) internet forum : linkedin.com
Answer:
c) content community : youtube.com.
OR
b) Social blog : twitter.com .

Question 48.
Pick the odd one out
a) Virus
b) Trojan horse
c) Wikis
d) Worm
Answer:
c) Wikis.

Question 49.
Pick the odd one out.
a) Wikis
b) Face book
c) Twitter
d) e-mail
Answer:
d) e-mail.

Question 50.
Who is known as the father of Internet?
a) Vint cerf
b) Charles Babbage
c) Tim Berners Lee
d) Alan Turing
Answer:
a) Vint cerf.

Question 51.
Who proposed the idea of World Wide Web?
Answer:
Tim Berners Lee.

Question 52.
Which one of the following is NOT a web browser?
a) Mozilla Firefox
b) Google
c) Internet Explorer
d) Opera
Answer:
b) Google. It is a search engine.

Question 53.
Which one of the following is NOT a search engine?
a) Google
b) Bing
c) Face Book
d) Ask
Answer:
c) Face book.

Question 54.
Which one of the following statement is NOT true about e-mail?
a) E-mail is environment friendly as it do not use paper.
b) E-mail provides provision to attach text, audio, video and graphics.
c) E-mail will not spread any kind of viruses.
d) E-mail can be used to send same message to many recipients simultaneously.
Answer:
c) E-mail will not spread any kind of viruses.

Plus One Computer Application Internet 2 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is a browser ?
Answer:
A browser is a piece of software that acts as an interface between the user and the internal working of the internet. With the help of a browser the user can search information on the internet and it allows user to navigate through the web pages. The different browsers are

• Microsoft internet explorer
• Mozilla
• Netscape Navigator
• Mosaic
• Opera

Question 2.
While walking on the road, Simran saw a notice board contains a text “Browsing” in front of a shop. What is Browsing?
OR
Roopa’s mother told you that Roopa is browsing in her room. What is browsing?
Answer:
The process of visiting the websites of various companies, organization, government, individuals etc is called internet browsing or surfing with the help of a browser software we can browse websites.

Question 3.
How can we know that the browser is working or not ?
Answer:
The access indicator icon on the right corner of menu bar animates (rotates), when the browser is retrieving data or working. It is static when the browser is not working.

Question 4.
Mr. Anirudhan wants to visit the website of Manorama. Their website address is www. manoramaonline.com. How can it be possible?
Answer:
To visit the website of manorama. Anirudhan has to type “www.manoramaonline.com” in the address bar and press the enter key or use the go button. Then the home page of manorama will display. Sometimes while typing the website address on the browser automatically searches and display the home page.

Question 5.
The education Dept, of Govt, of Kerala declared SSLC results and it is available on the internet your friend wants to save the result in his computer. Help him to do so.
Answer:
To save the result in his computer to a file by using the ‘save’ or’ save as’ option of the file menu. When click this option a dialog box will appear then specify the folder whereas the file has to be saved using the dialog box and click OK. To save an image right click on the image, a pop up menu will appear then choose the save option give a name and press OK.

Question 6.
Discuss the steps to download a file from the website.
Answer:
To download a file from the website click on the link or button provided in the web page, then a dialog box will display. Enter the file name and specify the folder to which the file is to be saved. Then click save button then a window showing the progress of the downloading.

Question 7.
What is a Spamming?
Answer:
Sending an email without recipient’s consent to pro-mote a product or service is called spamming. Such an email is called a spam.

Question 8.
What do you mean by an ‘always on’ connection?
Answer:
Wired broadband connection is called ‘always on’ connection because it does not need to dial and connect

Question 9.
What is a blog?
Answer:
Conducting discussions about particular subjects by entries or posts. The posts appeared in the reverse chronological order means the most recent post appears first.
Eg. Blogger.com, WordPress.com, hsslive.com etc,

Question 10.
What do you mean by phishing..
Answer:
It is an attempt to get others information such as usenames, passwords, bank a/c details etc by acting as the authorized website. Phishing websites have URLs and home pages similarto their original ones • and mislead others , it is called spoofing.

Question 11.
What is quarantine?
Answer:
When you start an anti virus program and if any fault found it stops the file from running and stores the file in a special area called Quarantine (isolated area) and can be deleted later.

Question 12.
Compare intranet and extranet.
Answer:
A private network inside a company or organisation is called intranet and can be accessed by the company’s personnel. But Extranet allows vendors and business partners to access the company resources.

Question 13.
What are wikis?
Answer:
In this we can give our contributions regarding various topics and others can watch and edit the content. So incorrect information, advt., etc. are removed quickly.
Eg. www.wikipedia.org.

Question 14.
What is fire wall?
Answer:
It is a system that controls the incoming and out going network traffic by analyzing the data and then provides security to the computer network in an organization from other network(internet)

Question 15.
What are the advantages of Wi-Fi network?
Answer:
Line of sight between device is not required
Data transmission speed up to 57 Mbps
It can connect more number of devices
Used for communication up to 375 ft.
Nowadays this technology is used to access internet in Laptops, Desktops, tablets, Mobile phones etc.

Plus One Computer Application Internet 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The application form of Kerala entrance exam can be downloaded from the official website of Kerala govt. What do you mean by downloading?
Answer:
Downloading is the transfer of files or data from one computer to another usually from a server computer to a client computer. The time required to download the file depends on the size of the file.
The files may be text, graphics, program, movies, music etc. To download a file click on the link or button provided in the web page and specify the folder and filename and there is a window that shows the progress of the file being downloaded.

Question 2.
To apply minority scholarship, a student has to enter his details online, take a printout of this web page then send the application form with this printout to the authorities. Explain how to take a printout of a web page ?
Answer:
To print a web page either select the print command from file menu or use the print button on the standard tool bar. Page setup option is provided in the file menu. It helps to specify the paper size, margins header and footer and also the page orientation. The print preview option helps .to view how the page will look after printing.

Question 3.
Mr. Franco’s e-mail id is franco@rediffmail.com. He wants to connect this page fastly and he visited regularly. How can it possible?
Answer:
Mr. Franco regularly visited this site to visit this site he has to type the address repeatedly every time. It is a laborious work and it can be avoided if he marks the particular address as favorite. A favorite is a link to a web page. So that he can access that page faster. To do this click add to favorite option then a dialog box appears that asks for a name for the favorite. To make the web page available offline, then ‘Make available offline’ option has to be checked.

Question 4.
Match the following

Answer:
1) f
2) a
3) e
4) b
5) d
6) c

Question 5.
Noby accessing internet by using a dial up connection and manu using a direct connection. What is the difference between these two?
Answer:
There are two ways to connect to the internet. First one dialing to an ISP’s computer or with a direct connection to an ISP.

1) Dial up Connection : Here the internet connection is established by dialing into an ISP’s computer and they will connect our computer to the internet. It uses Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) or Point to Point Protocol (PPP). It is slower and has a higher error rate.

2) Direct connection : In direct connection there is a fixed cable or dedicated phone line to the ISP. Here it uses ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) a high speed version of a standard phone line. Another method is leased lines that. uses fibre optic cables. Digital Subscribers Line (DSL) is another direct connection, this uses copperwires instead of fibre optic for data transfer. Direct connection provides high speed internet connection and error rate is less.

Question 6.
Explain the different steps happened in between user’s click and the page being displayed.
Answer:
1) The browser determines the URL selected.
2) The browser asks the DNS for URLS corresponding IP address (Numeric address)
3) The DNS returns the address to the browser.
4) The browser makes a TCP connection using the IP address.
5) Then it sends a GET request for the required file to the server.
6) The server collects the file and send it back to the browser.
7) The TCP connection is released.
8) The text and the images in the web pages are displayed in the browser.

Question 7.
You wish to visit the website of your school. Name the software required. Which software is available with Windows for this purpose ? Give names of other such software.
Answer:
Browsing software or Browser. The browsers are:

•  Netscape Navigator
• Internet Explorer
• Mozilla
• Opera
• Mosaic etc.

Question 8.
You want to send a picture drawn using MS paint immediately to your friend. What method will you adopt for this, so that your friend receives it within seconds? Explain the steps to perform this operation.
Answer:
E-mail (Electronic mail) can be used. There is a facility called attachment will help you to send files with E-mail to your friend.
First open your mail box, then take the option to write mail. Fill the email id and subject in the text boxes namely To and Sub respectively. You can type text in the area, given below. Then press the option attachments then select the picture file then press done and press send button.

Question 9.
Suppose you want to collect information regarding ‘Tsunami’ using Internet.
a) Suggest a method for this purpose
b) Explain one method adopted.
Answer:
A browser is a piece of software that acts as an interface between the user and the internal working of the internet. With the help of a browser the user can search information oh the internet and it allows user to navigate through the web pages. The different browsers are

• Microsoft internet explorer
• Mozilla
• Netscape Navigator
• Mosaic.
• Opera

Question 10.
Write short notes on
a) mobile broadband
b) Wi-MAX
Answer:
a) Mobile broadband : Accessing Internet using wireless devices like mobile phones, tablet, USB dongles, etc.
b) Wi MAX (Wireless Microwave Access): It uses micro waves to transmit information across a network in a range 2 GHz to 11 GHz over very long distance.

Question 11.
Compare blogs and microblogs.
Answer:
Blogs: Conducting discussions about particular subjects by entries or posts. The posts appeared in the reverse chronological order means the most recent post appears first.
Eg. Blogger.com, hsslive.com etc.
Microblogs : It allows users to exchange short messages, multi media files etc.
Eg. www.twitter.com

Question 12.
XYZ engineering college has advertised that its campus is Wi-Fi enabled. What is Wi-Fi? How is the Wi-Fi facility implemented in the campus.
Answer:
Wi-Fi means Wireless Fidelity. It is a wireless technology. Some organisation offers Wi-Fi facility. Here we can connect internet wirelessly over short distance, using Wi-Fi enabled devices.
It uses radio waves to. transmit information across a network in a range 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz in short distance. Nowadays this technology is used to access internet in campuses, hyper markets, hotels by using Laptops, Desktops, tablet, mobile phones etc.

Question 13.
Hoyv does a Trojan horse affect a computer?
Answer:
It appears as a useful software but it is a harmful software and it will delete useful softwares or files in a computer.

Question 14.
What are the guidelines one must follow for using computers over the Internet?
Answer:
Guidelines for using computers over internet

• Emails may contain Viruses so do not open any unwanted emails
• Download files from reputed sources(sites)
• Avoid clicking on pop up Advt.
• Most of the Viruses spread due to the use of USB drives so use cautiously.
• Use firewall in your computer
• Use anti virus and update regularly
• Take backups in a regular time intervals

Question 15.
George needs to prepare for a seminar on ‘Backwaters in Kerala’.
a) Name any search engine through which George can get information about the topic.
b) Explain the working behind the search engines to display the information about the seminar topic.
Answer:
a) Google or Yahoo or Bing or Ask etc…
b) Search engines
By using search engines we will get a variety of information. It is a newly developed tool that helped to search the information on the internet more effectively and easily. Search engines are programs that help people to locate information from crores of website on internet using a database that consists of-references. Users can interact with the search engine through the home page of the search engine. To get the information about artificial intelligence just type this in the box provided for it and click the search button.
Search engines searches by using a particular siearch algorithm then displays the matching documents or web addresses. Search engine use soft wares called spiders or bots to search documents and theirweb addresses. Spiders search the internet using the directions given by the search engines and prepare an index and stores it in a database. The searching algorithm searched this database when the users submits a request and create a web page displaying the matching results as hyperlinks.
Eg: Google, Yahoo, Rediff etc.

Question 16.
Mr. Prasanth has bought a new laptop. He wants to take an Internet connection.
a) Explain him various types of broadband connectivity available in the market.
b) Suggest a web browser for him.
Answer:
a) Different types of Broad band connection are given below.
ISDN, Cable Internet (Asianet), DSL, FTTH, Wi- Max, etc.
b) Micro Soft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox etc.

Question 17.
We want to connect our computer to the Internet for downloading some image. Explain any two connectivity methods?
Answer:
Types of connectivity
There are two ways to connect to the internet. First one dialing to an ISPls computer or with a direct connection to an ISP.

Question 18.
Today social media over the Internet is very popular.
a) In your opinion, what are the best practices to avoid the issues related to its use?
b) Suppose we need a quick response from the public about the ban of smoking in our state. Which type of social media is the best suited for this purpose?
Answer:
a) Following are the best practices to avoid issues related to social media use.
Avoid uploading personal information like Email address, Telephone number, Address, photos,’ videos etc.
Follow a time table for using this websites hence avoid wasting precious time.
If you upload any files in, Wikis, blogs, etc. can be viewed by all members and also can be downloaded. Avoid posting content that you may regret later.
Set your privacy levels such that who can see your posts and who can share them. The 3 privacy levels are private, friends and public.
b) Microblog (Twitter)

Question 19.
List bad effects if any in using social media.
Answer:
Disadvantages

• Intrusion to privacy : Some people may misuse the personal information.
• Addiction : sometimes it may waste time and money.
• Spread rumours : The news will spread very quickly and negatively.

Plus One Computer Application Internet 5 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Your younger brother does not know the structure of an email message. Explain the structure of an email message.
Answer:
The email message contains the following fields.

1. To : Recipient’s address will be enter here. Multiple recipients are also allowed by using coma.
2. CG : Enter the address of other recipients to get a carbon copy of the message.
3. bcc : The address to whom blind carbon copies are to be sent. This feature allows people to send copies to third recipient without the knowledge of primary and secondary recipients.
4. From : Address of the sender
5. Reply to : The email address to which replies are to be sent.
6. Subject : Short summary of the message.
7. Body : Here the actual message is to be typed.

Question 2.
Email is the most popular, but most misused service of the internet. Justify your answer.
Answer:
The advantages of email are given below:

1. Speed is high
2. It is cheap
3. We can send email to multiple recipients
4. Incoming messages can be saved locally
5. It reduces the usage of paper
6. We can access mail box anytime and from any-where.

The disadvantages are:

1. It requires a computer, a modem, software and internet connection to check mail.
2. Some mails may contain viruses .
3. Mail boxes are filled with junk mail. So very difficult to find the relevant mail.

Students can Download Chapter 8 Computer Networks Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions Chapter 8 Computer Networks

Plus One Computer Application Computer Networks 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
An interconnected collection of autonomous computers is called _______.
Answer:
Computer Networks

Question 2.
State true/false
A computer connected to a network is called work station.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
A work station is also called _______.
Answer:
Node

Question 4.
Which hardware is used to connect a work station to a network?
Answer:
Network Interface Card (NIC)

Question 5.
Rules and convention to transmit data on a network is called ______.
Answer:
Protocol.

Question 6.
In your computer lab sometimes you can see that cable from some computers are connected to a small box. What is it ?
Answer:
It is a Hub/Switch

Question 7.
The computers connected in your school lab is a ________ type network.
Answer:
Local Area Network

Question 8.
A Cable TV Network that spread over the city is a _________ type network.
Answer:
Metropolitan Area Network

Question 9.
Internet is a _____ type network.
Answer:
Wide Area Network

Question 10.
The school management is decided to connect computers in your HSS lab and high school lab located adjacent buildings. Which type of network is this?
Answer:
Local Area Network

Question 11.
A company decided to connect the computers of their branch located in another city away from 10 km. Name this network.
Answer:
metropolitan area network.

Question 12.
Geometrical arrangement of computers in a network is called _______.
Answer:
Topology

Question 13.
From the following select an ISP.
a) KSEB
b) KSRTC
c) BSNL
d) PWD
Answer:
c) BSNL

Question 14.
ISP means ______.
Answer:
Internet service provider

Question 15.
ISDN means _______.
Answer:
Integrated services digital network

Question 16.
State true/false.
In peer to peer configuration all the computers are with equal configuration.
Answer:
True

Question 17.
State true/false.
In client server configuration, a computer is powerful than others.
Answer:
True

Question 18.
Consider the following address.
http://www.nic.kerala.gov.in “in” is used to represent what ?
Answer:
“in” is used to represent the country “India”.

Question 19.
Which top level domain is used for non commercial organisation?
Answer:
org

Question 20.
Which geographical top level domain is used for the country “France”?
Answer:
fr

Question 21.
DNS stands for ________.
Answer:
Domain Name System

Question 22.
An IP address consists of ______ bits long.
(a) 4
(b) 16
(c) 32
(d) 64
Answer:
32 bits

Question 23.
An IP address consists of ______ bytes long.
(a) 4
(b) 16
(c) 32
(d) 64
Answer:
4 Bytes

Question 24.
From the following which media is using light rays for data transfer.
(a) Twisted pair cable
(b) Optical fibre
(c) Coanial cable
(d) Micro wave station
Answer:
b) Optical fibre

Question 25.
The wiring is not shared in a topology. Which is that topology.
Answer:
Star

Question 26.
______ is a combination of any two or more network topologies.
Answer:
Hybrid Topology

Question 27.
The nodes in a topology with two or more paths. Which topology is this?
Answer:
Mesh topology

Question 28.
Copying the signals from the earth to satellite is called ________.
Answer:
Uplink

Question 29.
Copying the signals from the satellite to earth is called _______.
Answer:
Downlink , Mesh topology

Question 30.
In very short distance networks, which communication media is used ?
Answer:
Twisted pair cables or coaxial cables.

Question 31.
In long distance networks, which communication medias are used?
Answer:
Optical fibre, microwave station, satellites, etc.

Question 32.
From the following which connector is used to connect UTP/STP twisted pair cable to a computer.
a) RJ-45
b) RS-1
c) CG-1
d) None of these.
Answer:
a) RJ-45

Question 33.
The cable media that use light to transmit data signals to very long distance is _______.
Answer:
Optical fibre cable

Question 34.
AM and FM radio broadcast and mobile phones make use of ______ medium for transmission.
Answer:
Radio waves

Question 35.
A short range communication technology that does not require line of sight between communicating device is ______.
Answer:
Wi-Fi

Question 36.
A communication system that is very expensive, but has a large coverage area when compared to other wireless communication system is ______.
Answer:
Satellite link

Question 37.
In which topology is every node connected to other nodes?
Answer:
Mesh topology

Question 38.
Any device which is directly connected to a network is generally known as ______.
Answer:
Node or Work station or Client or Terminal

Question 39.
In _____ topology all the nodes are connected to a main cable.
Answer:
Bus topology

Question 40
Write the full from of FTTH.
Answer:
Fibre To The Home

Question 41.
Which one of the following statements is TRUE in relation with Wi-MAX Internet connectivity?
a) make use of satellite connection
b) Uses cable connection
c) Uses laser beam for connection
d) Microwave is used for connectivity
Answer:
d) microwave is used for connectivity

Question 42.
Identify the type of LAN topology in which there are more than one path between nodes
a) Star
b) Ring
c) Mesh
d) Bus
Answer:
c) Mesh topology

Question 43.
a) To make data transfer faster, a switch stores two different addresses of all the devices connected to it. Which are they?
b) Name the device that can interconnect two different networks having different protocols.
Answer:
a) IP and MAC address
b) Gateway

Question 44.
a) Different networks with different protocols are connected by a device called….
i) Router
ii) Bridge
iii) Switch
iv) Gateway
b) Define protocol?
Answer:
iv) gateway
b) Protocol : The rules and conventions for transmitting data.

Plus One Computer Application Computer Networks 2 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Is it possible to connect all the computers to a network? Justify your answer.
Answer:
No. It is not possible to connect all the computers to a network. A computer, with a hardware called Network Interface Card (NIC), can only conect to a network.

Question 2.
Define Computer Networks?
Answer:
Two or more computers connected through a communication media that allows exchange of information between computers is called a Computer Network.
eg:- LAN, MAN, WAN

Question 3.
Do you heard about work station / Node. What is it?
Answer:
A personal computer connected to a network is called work station / Node.

Question 4.
Define a protocol.
Answer:
A protocol is the collection of rules and conventions used to exchange information between computer as a network.

Question 5.
Is the following a valid IP address?
258.1001.10.1.
Justify your answer?.
Answer:
No. It is not a valid IP address. An IP address has 4 parts numeric address. Each parts contains 8 bits. By using 8 bits we can represent a decimal number between 0 to 255. Here 258 and 1001 are greater than 255. So it is not valid.

Question 6.
Mr. Dixon purchased a Laptop with bluetooth technology.
Answer:
It is a specification that allows mobile phones, computers and PDAS to be connected wirelessly over short distance.

Question 7.
Some Airport or college campus offers Wi-Fi facility. What is Wi-Fi?
Answer:
Wi-Fi means Wireless Fidelity. It is a wireless tech-nology. Some organisation offers Wi-Fi facility. Here we can connect internet wirelessly over short distance, using Wi-Fi enabled devices.

Question 8.
What is a protocol ?
Answer:
A protocol is a collection of rules and regulations to transmit data from one computer to another on a network. ”
eg:- http, ftp, TCP/IP, etc.

Question 9.
Explain Infrared waves in detail?
Answer:
These waves are used for transmitting data in short distance and its frequency range is 300 GHz to 400 GHz. Tv’s remote control, wireless mouse and intrusion detectors etc are the devices that used infrared.

Question 10.
Define resource sharing.
Answer:
Resource sharing means the computers on a network can share resources like software
(programs, data ) and hardware (printer,scanner, CD drive etc.).

Question 11.
Name two classification of communication channels between computers in a network.
Answer:
The two classification of communication channels are guided media and unguided media.

Question 12.
What is the use of a Repeater ?
Answer:
A Repeater is a device used to strengthen weak signals on the network and retransmits them to the destination.

Question 13.
Differentiate between router and Bridge.
Answer:
Bridge is a device used to link same type of networks while Router is similar to a bridge, but it can connect two networks with different protocols.

Question 14.
Categorise and classify the different types of network given below.
ATM network, Cable television network, Network within the school, Network at home using Bluetooth, Telephone network, Railway network
Answer:
PAN: Network at home using Bluetooth
LAN: Network within the school
MAN: Cable television network
WAN: ATM network, Telephone network, Railway network

Question 15.
What is PAN?
Answer:
PAN means Personal Area Network. It is used to connect devices situated in a small radius by using guided media(USB cable)or unguided media (Bluetooth, infra red, etc).

Plus One Computer Application Computer Networks 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the advantages of Networks?
OR
In a school lab all the 10 computers are connected to a network. We know that there is no need of 10 printers or 10 scanners why? Explain the advantages of Networks?
Answer:
The advantages of Networks are given below.
1) Resource sharing : All the computers in a network can share software (programs, data …..) and hardware (printer, scanner, CD drive etc ).
2) Reliability : If one computer fails, the other computer can perform the work without any delay. This is very important for banking air traffic control and other application.
3) Price Vs Performance : A main frame computer can be 10 times faster than a PC but it costs thousand times 9 PC. Therefore instead of a main frame 10 personal computers are used with less cost and same performance.
4) Communication Medium : It is a powerful communication medium. We can exchange information between computers in a network.
5) Scalable : This means, System performance can be increased by adding computers to a network.

Question 2.
Match the following.

Answer:
1) c
2) a
3) b
4) f
5) d
6) e

Question 3.
Your friend told you that a workstation and server are same. What is your opinion ? Is it true?
Answer:
No it is not true. A work station is a ordinary computer connected to a network. But a server is a powerful computer connected to a network. Its main aim is to serve the needs of workstation. Server is the master and workstations are the slaves.

Question 4.
Your friend told you that there are different types of servers. Do you agree with that ? Justify your answer?
Answer:
Yes, there are different types of servers, dedicated and non dedicated servers.
1) Dedicated Server : In large networks, a computer is reserved only for doing server function like sharing software and hardware resources and it is unavailable for running user applications and therefore increases system cost,
eg:- File server, Printer server etc.
2) Non dedicated Server : In smaller networks, a computer is doing the function of a server as well as it also act as a workstation.

Question 5.
Your friend asked you that a Hub or switch is better. What is your opinion ?
Answer:
A Hub is a device that receives data from a PC and transmit it to all other PC’s on the network. If two or more PC’s transmit data at the same time, there is a chance for collision. Hub is a cheap device and data transfer through a Hub is slow.
A switch is also a device and it transmits data to the right; recipient. There fore collision rate is low. A switch is faster but It is expensive.

Question 6.
ALAN is classified by their configuration. What are they?
Answer:
They are, peer to peer or client-server.
1) Peer to peer: In this configuration all the computers have equal priority. That means each computer can function as both a workstation and a server. There is no dedicated server.
2) Client-Server: In this configuration a computer is powerful which acts as a dedicated server and all others are clients (work stations). Server is the master and others are slaves.

Question 7.
Your friend told you that internet and intranet are same. Do you agree with that. Justify your answer.
Answer:
No. Internet and; intranet are not same. They are different.
Internet: It is a network of networks. It means that international network. We can transfer information between computers within nations very cheaply and speedily.
Intranet: A private network inside a company or organisation is called intranet.

Question 8.
Your friend decides to start an internet cafe in his shop. What are the requirements for this? Help him.
Answer:
1) Computer with a built in Modem or a facility to connect an external modem.
2) A telephone connection
3) An account with an ISP
4) Install respective software
eg:- Internet explorer or mozilla or netscape Navigator etc.

Question 9.
Considerthe following URLand explain each parts.
http://www.nic.kerala.gov.in / results.html.
Answer:
http:- http means hyper text transfer protocol. It is a protocol used to transfer hyper text.
www :- World Wide Web, With an email address
we can open our mail box from anywhere in the world.
nic.kerala :- It is a unique name. It is the official website name of National Informatic Centre
gov:- It is the top level domain. It means that it is a government organisation’s website.
resents the country, in is used for India.
results.html :- It represents the file name

Question 10.
Write any valid email and explain the working of an email.
Answer:
An example of an email id is jobi_cg @ rediffmail. com. Here jobi_cg is the user name, rediffmail is the website address and .com is the top level domain which identifies the types of the organisation. To send an email we require an email address. Some websites provide free email facility. To send an email first type the recipients address and type the message then click the send button.
The website’s server first check the email address is valid, if it is valid it will be sent otherwise the message will not ’ be sent and the sender will get an email that it could not deliver the message. This message will be received by the recipient’s server and will be delivered to recipient’s mail box. He can read it and it will remain in his mail box as long as he will be deleted.

Question 11.
Is it possible to give numeric address (IP address) to URL instead of string address of a website just like the following, http://210.212.239.70/
Answer:
Our Post Office has two addresses one string address (Irinjalakuda) and one numeric code (680121). Just like this the website has also two addresses a string address www.agker.cag.gov.in and a numeric address (htpt://210.212.239.70/).

Numeric Address (IP address) :- It has 4 parts one byte (8 bits) each separated by dots. One byte can represent a number in between 0 to 255. So we can use a number in between 0 to 255 separated by dots. It is a fastest method to access a website. To remember this number is not easy to humans. So a string address is used by humans,
eg:- http://203.127.54.1/.

String Address :- It uses a string to represent a website, it is familiar to the humans. The string ad-dress is mapped back to the numeric address using a Domain Name System (DNS). It may consists of 3 or 4 parts. The first part is www., the second part is website name, the third top level domain and the fourth geographical top level domain,
eg:-www.kerala.gov.in

Question 12.
Arun is in charge of networking the computers in your newly built computer lab.
a) Suggest any two options for communication media that can be used for connecting computers in your school lab.
b) Explain the structure and features of both.
Answer:
a) Twisted pair cables and coaxial cables.
b) Twisted Pair Wire : Two copper wires individually insulated, twisted around each other and covered by a PVC. There are two types of twisted pair wire. They are UTP and STP. It is very cheap and easy to install.
Coaxial Cable: A sturdy copper wire(conductor) is insulated by plastic. This is covered just like a mesh by a conductor , which in turn is enclosed in an protective plastic coating.
Compared to twisted pair wire it is more expensive, less flexible and more difficult to install. But it is more reliable and carry far higher data rates.

Question 13.
The computer uses digital signals and this signal is transmitted through telephone lines to computers at distant locations. Discuss how this is made possible.
Computer digital signals
Answer:
a) Modem
b) A Modem is a two in one device. That is it performs two functions. It is used to convert Digital signals to Analog, the process is Modulation(DAM) and the reverse process is converting Analog to Digital known as Demodulation (ADD).

Question 14.
Explain the structure of the television cable in your house. (3 Scores)
Answer:
Coaxial Cable: A sturdy copper wire(conductor) is insulated by plastic. This is covered just like a mesh by a conductor , which in turn is enclosed in an protective plastic coating.
Compared to twisted pair wire it is more expensive, less flexible and more difficult to install. But it is more reliable and carry far higher data rates. The various coaxial cables are RG-8,RG-9,RG-11,….

Question 15.
Answer the following questions from the list given below.
a) Device used to connect a network using TCP/IP protocol and a network using IPX/SPX protocol
b) Device that can convert a message from one code to another and transfer from one network to a network of another type.
(c) Device used to link two networks of the same type.
Answer:
a) Router
(b) Gateway
(c) Bridge

Question 16.
Find the most suitable match.

Answer:
i) www.keralapsc.org
ii) first page of a web site
ii) file with extension.htm
iv) www.yahoo.com

Question 17.
What do you mean by line of sight method of propagation.
OR
Why Micro wave station use tall towers instead of short one?
Answer:
Micro Wave signals can travel only in straight line. It cannot bend when the obstacles in between. There fore it uses tall towers instead of short one. The dish like antenna mounted on the top of the tower. Hence the two antennas must be in a straight line, able to look at each other without any obstacle in between.

Question 18.
Mr. Alvis took a photograph by using his mobile phone and he sends that photograph to his friend by using blue tooth. What is Blue tooth? Explain,
Answer:
This technology uses radio waves in the frequency * range of 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz. And transmit data in short distance. Mobile phones, Laptops, tablets etc use Bluetooth technology to transmit data. By using Bluetooth Dongle(a small device that can be buy from the shop) we can convert non Bluetooth PC into Bluetooth enabled and transmits data with data transmission rate of 3 Mbps onwards.

Question 19.
Differentiate Wi-Fi and Wi-Max in detail.
Answer:
Wi Fi(Wireless Fidelity) uses radio waves to transmit information across a network in a range 2,4 GHz to 5 GHz in short distance. Nowadays this technology is used to access internet in Laptops, Desktops, tablets, Mobile phones etc. But Wi MAX(Wireless Microwave Access) uses micro waves to transmit information across a network in a range 2 GHz to 11 GHz over very long distance

Question 20.
What is MAC address? What is the difference between a MAC address and an IP address?
Answer:
MAC means Media Access Control address. It is a unique 12 digit hexadecimal number(IMEI for mobile phones, it is a 15 digit decimal number) assigned to each NIC by its manufacturer. This address is known as MAC address and it is permanent., it is of the form. MM:MM: MM:SS:SS:SS.The first MM:MM:MM contains the ID number of the adapter company and the second SS:SS:SS represents the serial number assigned to the adapter by the company.
IP address means Internet Protocol address. It has 4 parts numeric address. Each parts contains 8 bits. By using 8 bits we can represent a decimal number between 0 to 255(28=256 numbers). Each part is separated by dot. A total of 4*8=32 bits used. But nowadays 128 bits are used for IP address.

Question 21.
What is the limitation of microwave transmission? How is it eliminated?
Answer:
Micro Wave signals can travel only in straight line. It cannot bend when the obstacles in between. There fore it uses tall towers instead of short one. The dish like antenna mounted on the top of the tower. Hence the two antennas must be in a straight line; able to look at each other without any obstacle in between.

Question 22.
Explain the different types of networks,
Answer:
The networks are classified into the following.
i) Local Area Network (LAN)
This is used to connect computers in a single room, rooms within a building or buildings of one location by using twisted pair wire or coaxial cable. Here the computers can share Hardware and software. Data transfer rate is high and , error rate is less,
eg:- The computers connected in a school lab.
ii) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A Metropolitan Area Network is a network spread over a city. For example a Cable TV network. MAN have lesser speed than LAN and the error rate is less. Here optical fibre cable is used.
iii) Wide Area Network (WAN)
This is used to connect computers over a large geographical area. It is a network of networks. Here the computers are connected using telephone lines or Micro Wave station or Satellites. Internet is an example for this. LAN and MAN are owned by a single organisation but WAN is owned by multiple organisation. The error rate in data transmission is high.

Question 23.
a) To make data transfer faster, a switch stores two
different addresses of all the devices connected to it. What are they?
b) There are 5 computers in your computer lab.
Write short notes on any three possible methods to interconnect these computers. Draw the diagram of each method.
Answer:
a) Identification of computers over a network : A computer gets a data packet on a network, it can identify the sender’s address easily. It is similar to our snails mail, each letter is stamped in sender’s post office as well as receiver’s post office.
1. Media Access Control(MAC) address : It is a unique 12 digit hexadecimal number(IMEI for mobile phones, it is a 15 digit decimal number) assigned to each NIC by its manufacturer. This address is known as MAC address and its permanent.
It is of the form. MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS.
The first MM:MM:MM contains the ID number of the adapter company and the second SS:SS:SS represents the serial number assigned to the adapter by the company.

2. Internet Protocol (IP) address : An IP address has 4 parts numeric address. Each parts contains 8 bits. By using 8 bits we can represent a decimal number between 0 to 255(2°=256 numbers). Each part is separated by dot. A total of 4*8=32 bits used. But nowadays 128 bits are used for IP address.

b) Network topologies : Physical or logical arrangement of computers on a network is called structure or topology. It is the geometrical arrangement of computers in a network. The major topologies developed are star, bus, ring, tree and mesh.

1) Star Topology : A star topology has a server all other computers are connected to it. If computer A wants to transmit a message to computer B.
Then computer A first transmit the message to the server then the server retransmits the message to the computer B. That means all the messages are transmitted through the server, advantages are add or remove workstations to a star network is. easy and the failure of a workstation will not effect the other. The disadvantage is that if the server fails the entire network will fail.

2) Bus Topology : Here all the computers are attached to a single cable called bus. Here one computer transmits all other computers listen. Therefore it is called broadcast bus. The transmission from any station will travel in both the direction. The connected computers can hear the message and check whether it is for them or not.
Advantages are add or remove computer is very easy. It requires less cable length and the installation cost is less. Disadvantage is fault detection is very difficult because of no central computer.

3) Ring Topology : Here ail the computers are connected in the shape of a ring and it is a closed loop. Here also there is no central computer. Here a computer transmits a message, which is tagged along with its destination computer’s address. The message travels in one direction and each node check whether the message is for them. If not, it passes to the next node.
It requires only short cable length. If a single node fails, at least a portion of the network will fail. To add a node is very difficult.

4) Hybrid Topology : It is a combination of any two or more network topologies. Tree topology and mesh topology can be considered as hybrid topology.
a) Tree Topology : The structure of a tree topology is the shape of an inverted tree with a central node and branches as nodes. It is a variation of bus topology. The data transmission takes place in the way as in bus topology. The disadvantage is that if one node fails, the entire portion will fail.
b) Mesh Topology : In this topology each node is connected to more than one node. It is just like a mesh (net). There are multiple paths between computers. If one path fails, we can transmit data through another path.

Question 24.
ABC Ltd., required to connect their computers in their company without using wires. Suggest suitable medium to connect the computers. Explain.
Answer:
Unguided Media
1. Radio waves – It transmits data at different frequencies ranging from 3 KHz. to 300 GHz.
2. Microwaves – Microwave signals can travel in straight line if there is any obstacle in its path, it can’t bend. So it uses tall towers instead of short one.
3. Infrared waves – These waves are used for transmitting data in short distance and its frequency range is 300 GHz to 400 GHz.

Question 25.
It is needed to set up a PAN, interconnecting one tablet, two mobile phones and one laptop. Suggest a suitable communication technology and list its features for the following situations:
i) the devices are in a room at distance of 5 to 10 meters.
ii) the devices are in different rooms at a distance of 25 to 50 meters.
Answer:
i) Wireless communication technologies using radio waves
1. Bluetooth : This technology uses radio waves in the frequency range of 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz. And transmit data in short distance. Mobile phones, Laptops, tablets etc use Bluetooth technology to transmit data.
ii) Wi Fi(Wireless Fidelity) : It uses radio waves to transmit information across a network in a range 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz in short distance. Nowadays this technology is used to access internet in Laptops, Desktops, tablets, Mobile phones etc.

Question 26.
Computers and other communication devices can be connected a network using wireless technology.
a) A song is transferred from mobile phone to a laptop using this technology. Name the transmission medium used here.
b) Explain any other three communication media which use this technology
Answer:
a) Blue tooth or Radio waves
b) Wireless communication technologies using radio waves

1) Bluetooth : This technology uses radio waves in the frequency range of 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz. And transmit data in short distance. Mobile phones, Laptops, tablets etc use Bluetooth technology to transmit data.

2) Wi Fi(Wireless Fidelity) : It uses radio waves to transmit information across a network in a range 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz in short distance. Nowadays this technology is used to access internet in Laptops, Desktops, tablets, Mobile phones etc.

3) Wi MAX(Wireless Microwave Access) : It uses micro waves to transmit information across a network in a range 2 GHz to 11 GHz over very long distance.

4) Satellites : By using satellite we can communicate from any part of the world to any other. The ground stations are connected via the satellite. The data signals transmitted from earth to satellite (uplink) and from the satellite to the earth (downlink).

Question 27.
Find the correct match for each item in column A from columns B and C.

Answer:

Question 28.
Write notes on the following:
a) IP address
b) MAC address
c) Modem
Answer:
a) Internet Protocol (IP) address : An IP address has 4 parts numeric address. Each parts contains 8 bits. By using 8 bits we can represent a decimal number between 0 to 255(28=256 numbers). Each part is separated by dot. A total of 4*8=32 bits used. But nowadays 128 bits are used for IP address.

b) Media Access Control(MAC) address: It is a unique 12 digit hexadecimal number(IMEI for mobile phones, it is a 15 digit decimal number) assigned to each NIC by its manufacturer. This address is known as MAC address.
It is of the form. MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS.

c) Modem : It is a device used to connect the computer to the internet. It converts digital signal into analog signal (modulation) and vice versa (De modulation)

Question 29.
Compare any three types of networks based on span of geographical area.
Answer:
Types of networks.
The networks are classified into the following based upon the amount of geographical area that covers.
i) Personal Area Network(PAN) : It is used to connect devices situated in a small radius by using guided media or unguided media
ii) Local Area Network (LAN): This is used to connect computers in a single room, rooms within a building or buildings of one location by using twisted pair wire or coaxial cable. Here the Computers can share Hardware and software. Data transfer rate is high and error rate is less,
eg:- The computers connected in a school lab.
iii) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A Metropolitan Area Network is a network spread over a city. For example a Cable TV network. MAN have lesser speed than LAN and the error rate is less. Here optical fiber cable is used.
iv) Wide Area Network (WAN): This is used to connect computers over a large geographical area. It is a network of networks. Here the computers are connected using telephone lines or Micro Wave station or Satellites. Internet is an example for this. LAN and MAN are owned by a single organization but WAN is owned by multiple organization. The error rate in data transmission is high.

Plus One Computer Application Computer Networks 5 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the different network topologies,
Answer:
Physical or logical arrangement of computers of a network is called structure or topology. It is the geometrical arrangement of computers in a network. The major topologies developed are star, bus, ring, tree and mesh.

1) Star Topology : A star topology has a server all . other computers are connected to it. If computer A wants to transmit a message to computer B. . Then computer A first transmits the message to the server then the server retransmits the message to the computer B. That means all the messages are transmitted through the server. Advantages are add or remove workstations to a star network is easy and the failure of a workstation will not effect the other. The disadvantage is that if the server fails the entire network will fail.

2) Bus Topology : Here all the computers are attached to a single cable called bus. Here one computer transmits all other computers listen. Therefore it is called broadcast bus. The trans-mission from any station will travel in both the direction. The connected computers can hear the message and check whether it is for them or not.
Advantages are add or remove computer is very easy. It requires less cable length and the installation cost is less. Disadvantage is fault detection is very difficult because of no central computer.

3) Ring Topology : Here all the computers are connected in the shape of a ring and it is a closed loop. Here also there is no central computer. Here a computer transmits a message, which is tagged along with its destination computer’s address. The message travels in one direction and each node check whether the message is for them. IF not, it passes to the next node.It require only short cable length. If a single node fails, atleast a portion of the network will fail. To add a node is very difficult.

4) Hybrid Topology : It is a combination of any two or more network topologies. Tree topology and mesh topology can be considered as hybrid topology.
a) Tree Topology: The structure of a tree topology is the shape of an inverted tree with a central node and branches as nodes. It is a variation of bus topology. The data transmission takes place in the way as in bus topology. The disadvantage is that if one node fails, the entire portion will fail.
b) Mesh Topology : In this topology each node is connected to more than one node. It is just like a mesh (net). There are multiple paths between computers. If one path fails, we can transmit data through another path.

Question 2.
What are the different data communication equipments?
Answer:
1) Modem : A Modem is a two in one device. That is it performs two functions. It is used to convert Digital signals to Analog, the process is Modulation (DAM) and the reverse process is converting Ana-log to Digital known as Demodulation (ADD).

2) Multiplexer (Many to One): A multiplexer is a device that combines the inputs from different sources and produces one output. A demultiplexer does the reverse process.

3) Bridge : It is a device used to link two same type of networks.

4) Router : It is a device used to link two networks with different protocols.

5) Gateway : It is a device used to link two networks of different types. lt can convert a message from one code to another.

Question 3.
Explain the protocol TCP/IP
Answer:
TCP – (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection oriented protocol. It is responsible for sending the data from one PC to another and also verifying the correct delivery of data from client to server. Data can be lost in the intermediate network. TCP adds support to detect errors or lost data and to trigger retransmission until the data is correctly and completely received.

IP – is responsible for moving packet of data from node to node. IP forwards each packet based on a four byte destination address (the IP number). The Internet authorities assign ranges of numbers to different organizations. The organizations assign groups of their numbers to departments. IP operates on gateway machines that move data from department to organization to region and then around the world.
In short TCP handle the flow control and error free packet delivery and IP provides basic addressing and data packets forwarding services.
Eg: 101.65.105.255

Question 4.
What is a protocol. Explain any four.
OR
Why protocol is necessary for communication? Ex-plain any two of them.
Answer:
A protocol is a collection of rules and regulations.to transfer data from one location to another. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which uses a set of rules to exchange messages with other Internet points at the information packet level. Internet Protocol (IP), which uses a set of rules to send and receive messages at the Internet address level. .
FTP – File Transfer Protocol which is used for transferring files between computers connected to local network or internet.
HTTP – is a protocol used for WWW for enabling the web browse to access web server and request HTML documents.

Students can Download Chapter 7 Control Statements Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Chapter Wise Questions Chapter 7 Control Statements

Plus One Computer Application Control Statements 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
An if statement contains another if statement completely. Then it is known as _______.
Answer:
Nested if

Question 2.
From the following which is not optional with switch statement.
a) break
b) default
c) case
d) none of these
Answer:
c) case.

Question 3.
To exit from a switch statement ____ is used
a) quit
b)exit
c) break
d) none of these
Answer:
c) break

Question 4.
From the following which statement is true for switch statement
a) switch is used to test the equality
b) switch is used to test relational or logical expression
c) switch can handle real numbers case data
d) none of these
Answer:
a) switch is used to test the equality

Question 5.
Sonet wants to execute a statement more than once. From the following which is exactly suitable.
a) if
b) loop
c) switch
d) if -else if ladder
Answer:
b) loop

Question 6.
Odd one out
a) for
b) if
c) switch
d) if else if ladder
Answer:
а) for
It is a loop the others are branching statement

Question 7.
a) for
b) if
c) while
d) do while
Answer:
b) if.
It is a branching statement and the others are loops

Question 8.
From the following which loop does the three things, initialisation, checking and updation.
a) while
b) do while
c) for
d) none of these
Answer:
c) for

Question 9.
Predict the output
for(i=1;i<=10;i++);
cout << i;
a) 10
b) 1 to 10
c) 11
d) none of these
Answer:
c) 11

Question 10.
From the following which is exit controlled loop
a) for
b) while
c) do while
d) None of these
Answer:
do while

Question 11.
_______ statement is used for unconditional jump from one location to another.
Answer:
goto

Question 12.
Sunitha wants to skip one iteration. From the fol-lowing which will help her?
a) continue
b) break
c) for
d) case
Answer:
a) continue

Question 13.
To terminate a program, from the following which is used ?
a) break
b) continue
c) end( )
d) exit( )
Answer:
exit( )

Question 14.
Which header file is needed to use exit( ) function in a program?
a) iostream
b) cstdlib
c) math
d) iomanip
Answer:
b) cstdlib

Question 15.
In while loop, the loop variable should be updated?
a) along with while statement
b) after the while statement
c) before the while statement
d) inside the body of while
Answer:
d) Inside the body of while

Question 16.
How many times the following loop will execute?
int S = 0, i =0;
do
{
S+= i;
i++;
}
while(i<5);
Answer:
5 times

Question 17.
a) _____ statement takes the program control out of the loop even though the test expression is true.
b) Consider the following code fragment. How many times will the character ‘ * ’ be printed on the screen?
for (1=0; i< 10; i =i+2);
{
cout << “*”;
}
Answer:
a) break or goto
b) Only one time because of semicolon(;) in the end of the for(i=0;i<10;i=i+2);

Question 18.
Which selection statement tests the value of a variable or an expression against a list of integers or character constants?
a) For
b) If
c) Switch
d) Conditional expression
Answer:
c) switch

Question 19.
How many times the following loop will execute?
int m = 2
do
{
cout << “Welcome”;
m++ ;
} while (m>10);
Answer:
Only one time.

Question 20.
statement takes the program control outside a loop even though the test expression is true.
Answer:
break

Question 21.
Read the following C++ statement
for (int n = 1; n<10; n+=2);
cout << n
Now, choose the correct output from the following options.
a) 1
b) 13579
c) 11
d) 10
Answer:
c) 11.
This is because of for statement is end with: (semi colon).
Here cout << n; executes only once.

Question 22.
______ search method is an example for ‘divide and conquer method’.
Answer:
goto

Question 23.
a) Name the type or loop which can be used to ensure that the body of the loop will surely be executed at least once.
b) Consider the code given below and predict the output;
for (int i=1; i<=9;i=i+2)
{
if (i==5) continue;
cout << i << ” ”
}
Answer:
a) do while loop(Exit controlled loop)
b) 1 3 7 9. It bypasses one iteration of the loop when i=5.

Plus One Computer Application Control Statements 2 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Your friend Arun asked you that is there any loop that will do three things, initialization, testing and updation. What is your answer. Explain ?
Answer:
Yes,
There is only one loop namely for loop that will do this three things. The other loops will do the . checking only, initialisation must be do before the 1 loop and updation must be inside the loop.
The syntax of for toop is given below
For(initialisation; testing; updation)
{
Body of the for loop;
}

Question 2.
While writing a program Geo uses while loop but forgets to update the loop variable. What will happen?
Answer:
The loop variable inside the while loop must be updated otherwise the loop will not be terminated The loop will be work infinitely.

Question 3.
Draw the flow chart of if statement.
Answer:

Question 4.
Draw the flow chart of if else statement .
Answer:

Question 5.
Write a while loop that display numbers from 500 to 550.
Answer:
int i=500
while (i<=550)
{
cout << i;
i=i+1;
}

Question 6.
Distinguish between exit(O) function and return statement.
Answer:
Both are used to terminate the program but both are different. Return is a keyword and exit(0) is a function.The difference is, we can use more than one exit(0) function but we can use only one return statement in a scope. To use exit(0), the header file cstdlib should be used.

Question 7.
Draw the flow chart of for loop.
Answer:

Question 8.
How many time the following for loop will execute? Justify.
for(i = 0; ; i ++)
{
if(i > 5)
cout << “continue”;
else
cout << “over”;
}
Answer:
Here the loop becomes infinite because the check condition is missing.

Question 9.
Predict the output.
#inctude<iostream.h>
int main( )
{
int a = 0;
start:
cout << endl << ++a;
if(a < 5)
goto start;
}
Answer:
1
2
3
4
5

Question 10.
for(int i=2, sum=0; i <= 20; i=i+2) sum += i;
Answer:
Rewrite the above code using while loop.
int i = 2;
sum=0;
while (i<=20)
{
sum +=i;
i = i +2;
}

Question 11.
Rewrite the following code using switch case statement.
if(day == 1)
cout << “Sunday”;
eise if(day == 2)
cout << “Monday”;
else if(day == 7)
cout << “Saturday”;
else
cout << “Wednesday”; (2 Scores)
Answer:
switch (day)
{
case 1:cout << “Sunday”;break;
case 2:cout << “Monday”;break;
case 7:cout << “Saturday”;break;
default:cout << “Wednesday”;
}

Question 12.
Pick the odd one out from the following. Give reason
1) a) for
b) while
c) do while
2) a) if
b) switch
c) for
Answer:
1) do ______ while It is an exit controlled loop while
others are entry controlled loop
2) for. It is a loop while others are branching statements.

Question 13.
State whether the following statements are True or False. In either case Justify your answer
a) Break statement is essential in switch
b) For loop is an entry controlled loop
c) Do… while loop is an entry controlled loop
d) Switch is a selection statement
Answer:
a) False. It is not essential in single case statement
b) True. Because it will first .check the condition. If it is true then only the body will be executed.
c) False. It is an exit controlled loop.
d) True.

Question 14.
Write the equivalent code for the following statement
R=(P<Q?P:Q)
Answer:
if(P<Q)
R=P;
else
R=Q;

Question 15.
Examine the following code snippet and find out the output? What will happen if the statement int ch; is replaced by char ch;
int ch;
for(ch=,A,;ch<-Z,;++ch)
cout << ch << ”;
Answer:
This code snippet will print 65,66,67 90. If
the statement int ch; is replaced by char ch; it prints A,B,C,………..,Z.

Question 16.
a) ______ is an entry control loop.
b) Explain the memory allocation for the following
int A[10] [10];
Answer:
a) while or for loop
b) To store On integer 4 bytes is used in Geany Editor
int A[10] [10]; .-> It needs 10*10*4 = 400 bytes7

Question 17.
Differentiate between break and continue statements in C++.
Answer:
break statement: It is used to skip over a part of the code i.e. we can premature exit from a loop such as while, do-while, for or switch.
Syntax:
while (expression)
{
if (condition)
break;
}
continue statement : It bypasses one iteration of the loop. That is it skips one iteration and continue the loop with next iteration value.
Syntax:
while (expression)
{
if (condition)
continue;
}

Plus One Computer Application Control Statements 3 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Compare if else and conditional operator?
Answer:
We can use conditional operator as an alternative of if-else statement. The conditional operator is a ternary operator.
The syntax of if- else
if (expression 1)
expression 2;
else
expression 3;
First expression 1 is evaluated if it is true expression 2 will be executed ptherwise expression 3 will be executed. Instead of this, we can be written as follows using conditional operator Expression 1 ? expression 2: expression3;

Question 2.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n;
cout << “Enter a number in between 1-7”;
cin << n;
switch (n)
{
case 1: cout << “Sunday”;
break;
case 2: cout << “Monday”;
break;
case 3: cout << “Tuesday”;
break;
case 4: cout << “Wedesday”;
break;
case 5: cout << “Thursday”;
break;
case 6: cout << “Friday”;
break;
case 7: cout << “Saturday”;
break;
default : cout << “lnvalid”,
}
}
Rewrite the above code using if else if ladder.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n;
cout << “Enter a number in between 1-7:”;
cin << n;
if(n==1)
cout << “Sunday”;
else if(n=5=2)
cout << “Monday”;
else if(n==3)
cout << “Tuesday”;
else if(n==4)
cout << “Wedesday”;
else if(n==5)
cout << “Thursday”;
else if(n==6)
cout << “Friday”;
else if(n==7)
oout << “Saturday”; ‘
else
cout << “lnvalid”;
}

Question 3.
Rewrite the program following program using if else
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int a,b,big;
cout << “Enter two integers”;
cin << a << b;
big=(a>b)?a:b;
cout << “Biggest number is ” << big << endl;
return 0;
}
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
intmain( )
{
int a,b,big;
clrscr( );
cout << “Enter two integers”;
cin << a << b;
if (a>b) big=a;
else big=b;
cout << “Biggest number is ” << big << endl;
return;
}

Question 4.
Consider the following code
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
intmain( )
{ int mark;
clrscr( );
cout << “Enter a mark”; cin << mark;
if(mark>=75)
cout << “Distinction”;
else if (mark>=60) .
cout << “First class”;
else if (mark>=50)
cout << “Second class”;
else if (mark>=40) cout << “Passed”;
else
cout << “Failed”; .
}
Is it possible to rewrite the above program using switch statement? Distinguish between switch and if else if ladder.
Answer:
No. It is not possible to write the above code using switch statement. Following are the difference between switch and if else if ladder.
1) Switch can test only for equality but if can evaluate a relational or logical expression
2) If else is more versatile
3) If else can handle floating values but switch cannot .
4) If the test expression contains more variable if else is used
5) Testing a value against a set of constants switch is more efficient than if else.

Question 5.
Rewrite the following using nested switch construct
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int a,b; .
cout << “Enter values for a and b”;
cin << a << b;
if(b==0)
cout << “Divide by zero error”;
else
if (a==0) .
cout << “The result is zero”;
else
cout << “The result is ” << (float)a/b;
}
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
inta.b;
cout << “Enter values for a and b”;
cin << a << b;
switch (b)
{
case 0:cout << “Divide by zero error”;
break;
default:
switch(a)
{
case 0:cout << “The result is zero”;
break; .
default:
cout << “The result is” << (float)a/b;
}
}
}

Question 6.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.

Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout << “*”;
cout << endl;
}
}

Question 7.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same:

Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
forG=1;j<=i;j++) cout << j << “”; cout << endl;
}
}

Question 8.
code for the same.

Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i, j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
forG=1;j<=i;j++)
cout << i << ” “;
cout << endl;
}
}

Question 9.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.

Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i, j, k=0;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout << ++k << ” “;
cout << endl;
}
}

Question 10.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.

Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout << ++k << ” “;
cout << endl;
}
}

Question 11.
Consider the following output and write dowri the code for the same.

Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i, j;
for(i=1 ;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=i ;j<=i;j++) cout << i*2 << ” “;
cout << endl;
}
}

Question 12.
Write a program to print the sum of first n natural numbers
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n,i,sum=0;
cout << :”Enter a value for n”;
cin << n;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
sum=sum+i;
}
cout << “The sum of first ” << n << ” numbers is ” << sum;
}

Question 13.
Write a program to read a number and check whether it is palindrome or not.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n,m,rem,rev=0;
cout << “Enter a number”;
cin << n;
m=n;
while(n)
{
rem=n%10;
rev=rev*10+rem;
n=n/10;
}
if(rev==m)
cout << “The number ” << m << ” is palindrome”;
else
cout << “The number ” << m << ” is not palindrome”;
}

Question 14.
Write a program to print the factorial of a number .
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n,i;
longfact=1; .
cout << “Enter a number”;
cin << n;
for(i=1 ;i<=n;i++) fact=fact*i;
cout << “The factorial of “<;
<n << ” is ” << fact;
}

Question 15.
Write a program to print the Fibonacci series
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n, fib1=0,fib2=1,fib3;
cout << “Enter the limit”;
cin << n;
cout << “The fibonacci series is ”
if(n==1)
cout << fib1 << “,”;
else if(n==2)
cout << fib1 << “,” << fib2 << “,”;
else if (n>2)
{
cout << fib1 << “,” << fib2 << “,”;
fib3=fib1+fib2;
while(fib3<=n)
{
cout << fib3 << “,”;
fib1=fib2;
fib2=fib3; ,
fib3=fib1+fib2;
}
}
else
cout << “lnvalid”;
}

Question 16.
Write a program to read a number and check whether the given number is Armstrong or not
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n,m,rem,cube=0;
cout << “Enter a number”;
cin >> n;
m=n;
while(n)
{
rem=n%10;
cube=cube+rem*rem*rem;
n=n/10;
}
if(cube == m)
cout << “The number ” << m << ” is Armstrong”;
else
cout << “The number ” << m << ” is not Armstrong”;
}

Question 17.
Write down the code for the following output using while loop.

Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i,j;
i=1
while(i<=4)
{
j=1;
while(j<=i)
{
cout << “*”;
j++;
}
i++;
cout << endl;
}
}

Question 18.
Distinguish between entry controlled loop and exit controlled loop.
Answer:
An entry controlled loop first checks the condition and execute(or enters in to) the body of loop only if it is true. But exit control loop first execute the body of the loop once even if the condition is false then check the condition. The for loop and while loop are entry, controlled loops but do- while loop is an exit controlled loop.

Question 19.
Write a program to find the largest of 3 numbers.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int a,b,c;
cout << “Enter three numbers”;
cin << a << b << c;
if (a > b && a > c)
cout << a << ” is large”;
else if (b>a && b>c) cout << b << ” is large”;
else
cout << c << ” is large”;
}

Question 20.
Check whether a given number is prime or not
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n,i;
cout << “Enter a number”;
cin << n;
for(i=2;i<=n/2;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
cout << n << “ is not a prime no.”;
return 0;
}
}
cout << n << “ is a prime”;
}

Question 21.
Write a program to print the prime numbers less than 100
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i,j=4;
cout << “The prime numbers less than 100 is given below\n2,3,”;
while(j<=100)
{
for(i=2;i<=j/2;i++)
if(j%i==0)
break;
if(i==j/2+1)
cout << j << “,H;
j++;
}
}

Question 22.
Write a program to read number and display its factors.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
int n,i;
cout << “Enter a number greater than zero”;
cin << n;
cout << ‘The factors are”;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(n%i==0)
cout << i << “,”;
}

Question 23.
Write a program to print the Armstrong numbers less than 1000
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n,i,rem,cube; for(i=1;i<=1000;i++)
{
n=i;
cpbe=0;
while(n)
{
rem=n%10;
cube=cube+rem*rem*rem;
n=n/10;
}
if(cube==i)
cout << i << “,”;
}
}

Question 24.
Char result;
float marks;
cin << marks;
if (marks >=50)
result = ‘P’;
else
result = ‘F’;
cout << result;
Rewrite the above code without using if statement.
Answer:
result=(marks>=50) ?’P’:’F’;

Question 25.
The output of a program is given below.
1
3
5
7
9
The sum is 25
Write a C++ program for obtaining the above output.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int sum=0,i;
for (i=*1; i<=9; i+=2)
{
cout << i << endl;
sum=sum+i;
}
cout << ‘The sum is” << sum;
}

Question 26.
Find out the error in syntax if any and correct it?
a) while (test condition);
{
}
b) do (condition)
{
}
while
c) switch(condition)
{
Case 1:
Case 2:
Case 3:
Case 4:
}
Answer:
a) No need of semi colon. The corrected loop is given below
While (test condition)
{
}
b) In do … while loop the while must be end with semicolon.
do (condition)
{
}
while;
c) switch contains expression instead of condition switch(expression)
{
Case 1:
Case 2:
Case 3:
Case 4:
}

Question 27.
Given the total mark of each student in SSLC examination. Write a C++ code fragment to find the grades.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int mark;
cout << “Enter total mark”;
cin << mark;
if (mark>100 || mark<0) cout << “lnvalid mark”;
else
{
If (mark>=90)
cout << “Your grade is A+”;
else if (mark>=80)
cout << “Your grade is A”;
else if (mark>=70)
cout << “Your grade is B+”;
else if (mark>=60)
cout << “Your grade is B”;
else if (mark>=50)
cout << “Your grade is C+”;
else if (mark>=40)
cout<£”Your grade is C”;
else if (mark>=30)
cout << “Your grade is D+”;
else
cout << “Your grade is D”;
}
}

Question 28.
You are given the heights of 3 students. Write the relevant code segment to find the maximum height?
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int h1,h2,h3,max;
cout << “Enter heightl cin << h1;
cout << “Enter height2:”;
cin << h2;
cout << “Enter height3:’f;
cin << h3;
if(h1>h2 && h1>h3)
max=h1;
else if(h2>h1 && h2>h3)
maxih2; .
else
max=h3;
cout << “The maximum height is “ << max;
}

Question 29.
Write the easiest code snippet for printing your name 1000 times. Explain
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i;
char name[20];
cout << “Enter your name: cin << ‘name;
for(i=0;i<1000;i++)
cout << name << endl;
}

Question 30.
Given a code segment for(i=1; i<10; i++)
cout << i;
a) Rewrite the code using do while loop
b) What will be the output when i=0? Give reason.
Answer:
a) i=1;
do{
cout << i;
i++; .
}
while(i<10);
b) When i=0, it will execute one more time. ie. the for loop execute 9 times but here this loop executes 10 times.

Question 31.
Whenever a string is entered the inverse of that string is displayed( eg: if we enter-‘CAR’ the output is ‘RAC’). Write a suitable programme for the output.
Answer:
#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i, len;
char str[80];
puts(Enter a string :”);
gets(str);
len=strlen(str);
for(i=len-1;i>=0;i–)
putchar(str[i]).;
}

Question 32.
Qn. 32
Write a C++ program to display as follows

Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
char i,j;
for(i=’A’.;i<‘F’;i++)
{
for(j=’A’;j<=i;j++)
cout << j << “\t”;
cout << endl;
}
}
OR
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i,j;
for(i=65;i<70;i++)
{
‘ for(j=65;j<=i;j++)
cout << (char)j << “\t”;
cout << endl;
}
}

Question 33.
Write C++ program forgetting the following output.

OR
Consider the following C++ program and answer the following questions.
#include<iostream.h>
int main( )
{
int a, p=1;
for(a=1;a<=5;a+=2)
P = P*a;
cout << p;
}
a) Predict the output of the above code.
b) Rewrite the above program using while loop.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i, j;
for(i=1;i<=4;i++)
{
for j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout << j << “\t”;
cout << “\n”; ‘
}
}
OR
a) The output is 15.
b) #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
inta=1,p=1;
while(a<=5)
{
p=p*a;
a+=2;
}
cout << p;
}

Plus One Computer Application Control Statements 5 Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
We know that the execution of a program is sequential”. Is it possible to change this sequential manner and explain different jump statements in detail. .
Answer:
The execution of a program is sequential but we can change this sequential manner by using jump statements. The jump statements are

1. goto statement: By using goto we can transfer the control anywhere in the program without any condition. The syntax is goto label;
Eg.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std; int main( )
{
float a,b;
cout << “Enter 2 numbers”;
cin << a << b; . .
if(b==0)
goto end;
cout << “The quotient is ” << a/b;
return 0;
end:
cout << “Division by zero error”;
}

2. break statement: It is used to skip over a part of the code i.e. we can premature exit from a loop such as while, do-while, for or switch.
Syntax :
while (expression)
{
if (condition)
break;
}
Eg.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
main( )
{
int i=1;
while(i<10)
{
cout << i << endl;
if(i==5) break;
i++;
}
}
The output is
1
2
3
4
5

3. continue statement : lt bypasses one iteration of the loop.
Syntax :
while (expression)
{
if (condition)
break;
}
Eg:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
main( )
{
int i=0;
while(i<10)
{
i++; .
if(i==5) continue;
cout << i << endl;
}
}
The output is
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4. exit(0) function: It is used to terminate the pro-gram. For this the header file cstdlib must be included.

Question 2.
Mr. X wants to get an output 9 when inputting 342 and he also wants to get 12 when inputting 651. Write the program and draw a suitable flowchart forX?
Answer:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n,rem,sum=0;
cout << “Enter a number”;
cin << n;
while(n)
{
rem=n%10;
sum=sum+rem;
n= n /10;
}
cout << “The sum of digits is ” << sum;
}

Question 3.
Explain conditional statements in detail?

Answer:
1. Simple if:- The syntax is given below
if(expression)
statement;
or
if(expression)
{
Block of statements
}
First expression evaluates if it is true then only statement will be executed.
Eg. if (n>0)
cout << n << ” is positive”;

2. if else :-The syntax is given below,
if (expression)
statement 1;
else
statement 2;
or
if (expression)
{
statement block 1;
}
Else
{
statement block 2;
}
First expression evaluates if it is true statement block 1 will be executed otherwise statement block 2 will be executed. Only one block will be executed at a time so it is called branching statement.
Eg.
if (n>0)
cout << n << ” is positive”;
else
cout << n << ” is negative”;

3. if else if ladder:- The syntax will be given below
if (expression 1)
{
statement block 1;
else if (expression 2)
{
statement block 2;
}
else if (expression 3)
{
statement block 3;
}
else
{
statement block n;
}
Here first expression 1 will be evaluated if it is true only the statement block 1 will be executed otherwise expression 2 will be executed if it is true only the statement block2 will be executed and so on. If all the expression evaluated is false then only statement block n will be evaluated .
Eg.
If (mark>=90)
cout << “Your grade is A+”;
else if (mark>=80)
cout << “Your grade is A”;
else if (mark>=70)
cout << “Your grade is B+”;
else if (mark>=60)
cout << “Your grade is B”;
else if (mark>=50)
cout << “Your grade is C+”;
else if (mark>=40)
cout << “Your grade is C”;
else if (mark>=30)
cout << “Your grade is D+”;
else
cout << “Your grade is D”;

4. conditional operator:- It is a ternary operator and it is an alternative for if else construct.
The syntax is given below.
expression 1? expression 2: expression 3;
OR
expression 1? Value if true : value if false;
Here expression 1 will be evaluated if it true expression 2 will be executed otherwise expression 3 will be executed.
Eg.
n>0?cout << n << ” is positive”:cout << n << ” is negative”;

5. Switch It is a multiple branch statement. Its syntax is given below.
switch(expression)
{
case value: statements;break;
case value: statements;break;
case value: statemerits;break;
case value: statements;break;
case value: statements;break;
………….
default : statements;
}
First expression evaluated and selects the statements with matched case value.
Eg.
switch(n)
{
case 1: cout << “Sunday”;break;
case 2: cout << “Monday”;break;
case 3: cout << “Tuesday”;break;
case 4: cout << “Wedesday”;break;
case 5: cout << “Thursday”;break;
case 6: cout << “Friday”;break;
case 7: cout << “Saturday”;
break;
default : cout << “lnvalid”
}

Question 4.
Explain different loops in detail?
Answer:
1. For loop: The syntax of fbr loop is for(initialization; checking ; update loop variable)
{
Body of loop;
}
First part, initialization is executed once, then checking is carried out if it is true the body of the for loop is executed. Then loop variable is updated and again checking is carried out this process continues until the checking becomes false. It is an entry controlled loop.
Eg. for(i=1,j=1;i<=10;i++,j++)
cout << i << ” * ” << j << ” = ” << i*j;

2. While loop : It is also an entry controlled loop The syntax is given below
Loop variable initialised
while(expression)
{
Body of the loop;
Update loop variable;
}
Here the loop variable must be initialised out side the while loop. Then the expression is evaluated if it is true then only the body of the loop will be executed and the loop variable must be updated inside the body. The body of the loop will be executed until the expression becomes false.
Eg.
i=1;
j=1;
while(i<=10)
{
cout << i << ” * ” << j << ” = ” << i*j;
i++;
j++;
}

3. do While loop: It is an exit controlled loop. The syntax is given below do
{
Statements
}while(expression);
Here the body executes atleast once even if the condition is false. After executing the body it checks the expression if it false it quits the body otherwise the process will be continue.

Question 5.
Write a program to do the following:
a) Inputs the values for variables ‘n’ and’m’.
b) Prints the numbers between ‘1 ’ and ‘n’which are exactly divisible by ‘m’.
c) Checks whether the numbers divisible by ‘m’ are odd or even.
OR
Write a program using nested loop that inputs a number ‘n’ which generates an output as follows. Hint: if the value of ‘n’ is 5, the output will be as ‘n’.
—–
Answer:
b) #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main( )
{
clrscr( );
int i,n,m;
cout << “Enter values for n and m”;
cin << n << m;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(i%m==0)
cout << i << “,”;
getch( );
}

c) #include<iostneam.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main( )
{
clrScr( );
int i,n,m;
cout << “Enter values for n and m”;
cin << n << m;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(i%m==0)
{
cout << i << “\t”;
if(i%2==0)
cout << “even” << endl;
else
cout << “odd” << endl;
}
getch( ):
}
OR
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>//forstrlen( )
main( )
{
clrscr( );
int n,i,j;
cout << “enter a value for n:“;
cin >> n;
for(i=n;i>0;i–)
{
for(j – n;j > =i;j—) .
cout << j*j << “\t”;
cout << endl;
}
getch( );
}

Question 6.
Write a C++ program to display Fibonacci series.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n,fib1=0,Fib2=1,fib3;
cout << “Enter the limit”;
cin << n;
cout << “The fibonacci series is”;
if(n==1)
cout << fib1 << “,”;
else if(n==2)
cout << fib1 << “,” << fib2 << “,”;
else if (n>2)
{
cout << fib1 << “,” << fib2 << “,”;
fib3=fib1 +fib2; while(fib3<=n)
{
cout << fib3 << “,”;
fib1=fib2;
fib2=fib3;
fib3=fib1+fib2;
}
}
else
cout << “lnvalid”;
}

Question 7.
Write a C++ program to aocept an integer number and check whether it is an Armstrong number or not.
(Hint: Sum of the cubes of the digits of an Armstrong number is equal to that number itself)
OR
Write a C++ program to accept an integer number and print its reverse
(Hint: If 234 is given, the output must be 432).
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n,m,rem,cube=0;
cout << “Enter a number”;
cin << n;
m=n;
while(n)
{
rem=n%10;
cube=cube+rem*rem*rem;
n=n/10;
}
if(cube==m)
cout << “The number ” << m << ” is Armstrong”;
else
cout << “The number ” << m << ” is not Armstrong”;
}
OR
(b) # include<iostream>
void main ( )
{
int n, rem, rev = 0;
cout << “Enter a number:”;
cin << n;
while (n)
{
rem = n%10;
rev = rev*10+rem;
n = n/10;
}
cout << “The reverse is” << rev;
}

Question 8.
Write a menu driven program which accepts 3 numbers and show options to find and display.
a) (i) the biggest number
(ii) the smallest number
(iii) the sun of the numbers
(iv) the product of the numbers
OR
b) Write a C++ program to check whether a number is palindrome or not.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int big (int n1, int n2, int n3)
{
if (n1>n2 && n1>n3)
return n1;
else if (n2>n1 && n2>n3)
return n2;
else
return n3;
}
int small (int n1, int n2; int n3)
{
if (n1<n2 && n1 < n3) return n1;
else if (n2<n1 && n2<n3)
return n2;
else
return n3;
}
int sum (int n1, int n2, int n3)
{
return (n1+n2+n3);
}
int prod (int n1, int n2, int n3)
{
return (n1*n2*n3);
}
void main ( )
{
\ intx,y,z,ch;
cout << “Enter 3 nos”;
cin << x << y << z;
cout << “Enter 1 for the biggest numebr”;
cout << “\n 2 for the smallest number”;
cout << “\n 3 for the sum of numbers”;
cout << “\n4 for the product of numbers”;
cout << “\n Enter your choice:”;
cin << ch;
switch (ch)
{
case 1 : cout << “The biggest number is” << big(x,y,z);
break; .
case 2 : cout << “The smallest number is” << small(x,y,z);
break;
case 3: cout << “The sum of number is” << big(x,y,z);
break;
case 4 : cout << “The product is” << prod(x,y,z);
break;
default: cout << “lnvalid choice”;
}
}
OR
b) #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n,m,rem,rev=0;
cout << “Enter a number”;
cin << n;
m=n;
while(n)
{
rem=n%10;
rev=rev*10+rem;
n=n/10;
}
if(rev==m)
cout << “The number ” << m << ” is palindrome”;
else
cout << ”The number ” << m << ” is not palindrome”;
}

Question 9.
Answer any one question from (a) and (b).
a) Write a C++ program to display all leap years between 1000 and 2000 excluding all century years.
OR
b) Write a C++ program to find the sum of the first 10 numbers of Fibonacci series. (Fibonacci series is 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 15 where 0 and,1 are the first two terms-and remaining terms are obtained by the sum of the two preceding terms.)
Answer:
a) # include < iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ( )
{
int i;
cout << “Leap years between 1000 and 2000 is given below \n”;
for (i= 1000; i<= 2000; i++)
{
if (i % 100 = = 0)
{
if (i % 400 == 0) cout << i << “, ”;
} else if (i % 4 = = 0) cout << i << “, ”;
}
}
OR
b) # include < iostream>
using namespace std;
void main ( )
{
int i, fib1 = 0, fib2 = 1, fib3, S ;
S = fib1+fib2;
for (i = 1; i <= 8; i + +)
{
fib3 = fib1 + fib2;
S = S + fib3;
fib1 = fib2; fib2 = fib3;
}
cout << “The sum of first 10 numbers of Fibonacii series is” << s;
}

Question 10.
Write a program to check whether the given number is palindrome or not.
OR
Write a program to print the leap years between 2000 and 3000.
(A century year is leap year only if it is divided by 400 and a noncentury year is leap year only if it is divided by 4.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( ) ‘{
int n,m,rem,rev=0; cout << “Enter a number”; cin << n;
m=n; while(n)
{
rem=n%10;
rev? rev*10+rem;
n=n/10;
}
if(rev==m)
cout << “The number “ << m << “ is palindrome”;
else
cout << “The number “ << m << “ is, not palindrome”; .
}
OR
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int year;
for(year=2000;year<=3000;year++)
{
if(year%100==0)
{
if(year%400==0)
cout << year << endl;
}
else
{
if(year%4==0)
cout << year << endl;
}
}
}

Students can Download Chapter 8 Computer Networks Notes, Plus One Computer Application Notes helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Application Notes Chapter 8 Computer Networks

Computer network: Two or more computers connected through a communication media that allows the exchange of information between computers is called a Computer Network.
Eg: Internet

Need for network
The advantages of Networks are given below.

1. Resource sharing: All the computers in a network can share software (programs, data ) and hardware (printer, scanner, CD drive, etc.).
2. Reliability: If one computer fails, the other computer can perform the work without any delay. This is very important for banking, air traffic control, and other application.
3. Price Vs Performance: A mainframe computer can be 10 times faster than a PC but it costs a thousand times a PC. Therefore instead of a mainframe 10 personal computers are used with less cost and the same performance.
4. Communication Medium: It is a powerful communication medium. We can exchange information between computers in a network.
5. Scalable: This means, System performance can be increased by adding computers to a network.

Terminologies
Bandwidth: The maximum amount of data that can be transmitted by the medium measured in Hertz.
Noise: It is the unwanted electrical or electromagnetic interferences that adversely affect the transmitted data signals.
Node: A computer or an I/O device connected to a network is called Node.

Data communication system
Communication is the exchange of information between two human beings. But data communication is the exchange of information between two computers(devices).
Message: It is the data/information to be transmitted from one computer to another
Sender: It is a computer or a device that sends data. It is also called source or transmitter
Receiver: It is a computer or a device that receives data.
Medium: It is the path through which a message transmitted from the sender to the receiver. There are two types Guided and Un Guided media. Protocol: The rules and conventions for transmitting data.

Communication Medium – There are two types guided and unguided.
Guided Media

1. Twisted Pair cable – 2 types unshielded twisted pair and shielded twisted pair. Two copper wires individually insulated and twisted around each other and put in a plastic cover.
2. Coaxial cable – A sturdy copper wire is insulated by plastic, it is covered just like a mesh by a conductor which is enclosed in a protective plastic coating. It is expensive, less flexible and more difficult to install. But it is more reliable and carry for higher data rates.
3. Optical fiber – These are made of glass fibers that are enclosed in a plastic jacket. It uses light instead of electrical signals. The light sources are LED or ILD.

Unguided Media

1. Radio waves – It transmits data at different frequencies ranging from 3 KHz. to 300 GHz.
2. Microwaves – Microwave signals can travel in straight line if there is any obstacle in its path, it can’t bend. So it uses tall towers instead of short one.
3. Infrared waves – These waves are used for transmitting data in short distance and its frequency range is 300 GHz to 400 GHz.

Wireless communication technologies using radio waves

1. Bluetooth: This technology uses radio waves in the frequency range of 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz. And transmit data in a short distance. Mobile phones, Laptops, tablets etc use Bluetooth technology to transmit data.
2. Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity): It uses radio waves to transmit information across a network in a range 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz in a short distance. Nowadays this technology is used to access internet in Laptops, Desktops, Tablets, Mobile phones etc.
3. Wi-MAX(Wireless Microwave Access): It uses micro waves to transmit information across a network in a range 2 GHz to 11 GHz over very long distance.
4. Satellites: By using satellites we can communicate from any part of the world to any other. The ground stations are connected via satellite. The data signals transmitted from earth to satellite (uplink) ahd from the satellite to the earth (downlink).

Data communication devices: It acts as an interface between computer and the communication channel

Network Interface Card (NIC): This device enables a computer to connect to a network and transmit information.

Hub: It is a small, simple and inexpensive device used to connect computers(devices) to a network. If a computer wants to transmit data to another computer. First it sends to the hub, the hub retransmits this data to all other computers. Each and every computer gets the data and check whether it is for them or not. It increases the network traffic and hence the transmission speed is low.

Switch: It is an expensive device used to connect computers(devices) to a network. Unlike a hub, switch transmit data not to all computers, it retransmits data only to the intended computer. So the traffic is less and speed is high

Repeater – It is a device used to strengthen weak signals on the network.

Bridge – It is a device used to link the same type of network.

Router – It is similar to a bridge, but it can connect two networks with different protocols.

Gateway – It is used to connect two different networks with different protocols.

Data terminal equipment: This device are used to control data flow to and from a computer

Modem – It is a device used to connect the computer to the internet. It converts the digital signal into an analog signal (modulation) and vice versa (Demodulation)

Multiplexer – It combines the inputs from different channels of a medium and produces one output.

Network topologies: Physical or logical arrangement of computers on a network is called structure or topology. It is the geometrical arrangement of computers in a network. The major topologies developed are star, bus, ring, tree, and mesh.

1. Star Topology: A star topology has a server all other computers are connected to it. If computer A wants to transmit a message to computer B. Then computer A first transmit the message to the server then the server retransmits the message to computer B. That means all the messages are transmitted through the server. Advantages are added or remove workstations to a star network is easy and the failure of a workstation will not affect the other. The disadvantage is that if the server fails the entire network will fail.

2. Bus Topology: Here all the computers are attached to a single cable called bus. Here one computer transmits all other computers listen. Therefore it is called a broadcast bus. The transmission from any station will travel in both the direction. The connected computers can hear the message and check whether it is for them or not.
Advantages are added or remove a computer is very easy. It requires less cable length and the installation cost is less. The disadvantage is fault detection is very difficult because of no central computer.

3. Ring Topology: Here all the computers are connected in the shape of a ring and it is a closed-loop. Here also there is no central computer. Here a computer transmits a message, which is tagged along with its destination computer’s address. The message travels in one direction and each node check whether the message is for them. If not, it passes to the next node.
It requires only short cable length. If a single node fails, at least a portion of the network will fail. To add a node is very difficult.

4. Hybrid Topology: It is a combination of any two or more network topologies. Tree topology and mesh topology can be considered as hybrid topologies.

a) Tree Topology: The structure of a tree topology is the shape of an inverted tree with a central node and branches as nodes. It is a variation of bus topology. The data transmission takes place in the way as in bus topology. The disadvantage is that if one node fails, the entire portion will fail.

b) Mesh Topology: In this topology, each node is connected to more than one node. It is just like a mesh (net). There are multiple paths between computers. If one path fails, we can transmit data through another path.

Types of networks
The networks are classified into the following based upon the amount of geographical area that covers.
i) Personal Area Network(PAN): It is used to connect devices situated in a small radius by using guided media or unguided media

ii) Local Area Network (LAN): This is used to connect computers in a single room, rooms within a building, or buildings of one location by using twisted-pair wire or coaxial cable. Here the computers can share hardware and software. The data transfer rate is high and the error rate is less.
eg: The computers connected in a school lab.

iii) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A Metropolitan Area Network is a network spread over a city. For example a Cable TV network. MAN has a lesser speed than LAN and the error rate is less. The here optical fiber cable is used.

iv) Wide Area Network (WAN): This is used to connect computers over a large geographical area. It is a network of networks.
Here the computers are connected using telephone lines or Micro Wave stations or Satellites. Internet js an example for this. LAN and MAN are. owned by a single organization but WAN is owned by multiple organizations. The error rate in data transmission js high. ,

Logical classification of networks
Peer to peer: In this configuration, all the computers have equal priority. That means each computer can function as both a client and a server. There is no dedicated server.

Client-Server: In this configuration, a computer is powerful which acts as a dedicated server and all others are clients (work stations). A Server fulfills the needs of the clients.

• File Server: A computer that stores and manages files for other devices on a network
• Web Server: A computer that handles the requests for web pages.
• Print Server: A computer that handles the print jobs from other computers on a network.
• Database Server: A computer that manages the database.

Network protocols
A protocol is a collection of rules and regulations to transfer data from one location to another. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which uses a set of rules to exchange messages with other Internet points at the information packet level. Internet Protocol (IP), which uses a set of rules to send and receive messages at the Internet address level

FTP – File Transfer Protocol which is used for transferring files between computers connected to local network or internet.
HTTP – is a protocol used for WWW for enabling the web browse to access web server and request HTML documents.
DNS (Domain Name System): When we type web sites address in the address bar , the browser determines the URL and asks the DNS for URLS corresponding IP address (Numeric address). The DNS returns the address to the browser.

Identification of computers over a network: A computer gets a data packet on a network, it can identify the sender’s address easily. It is similar to our snails mail, each letter is stamped in sender’s post office as well as receiver’s post office.

Media Access Control(MAC) address. It is a unique 12 digit hexadecimal number (IMEI for mobile phones, it is a 15 digit decimal number) assigned to each NIC by its manufacturer. This address is known as MAC address and its permanent.
It is of the form. MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS.
The first MM:MM:MM contains the ID number of the adapter company and the second SS:SS:SS represents the serial number assigned to the adapter by the company.

Internet Protocol (IP) address: An IP address has 4 parts numeric address. Each parts contains 8 bits. By using 8 bits we can represent a decimal number between 0 to 255(28=256 numbers). Each part is separated by dot. A total of 4*8=32 bits used. But nowadays 128 bits are used for IP address.

Uniform Resource Locator(URL): Every resource on the internet has a unique URL. Mainly it has three parts
Eg: http://www.hscap.kerala.gov.in/index.html.
http: http means hyper text transfer protocol. It is a protocol used to transfer hyper text.
www: World Wide Web. With an email address we can open our mail box from anywhere in the world.
hscap.kerala: It is a unique name. It is the official website name of Single Window System
gov: It is the top-level domain. It means that it is a government organization’s website.
in: It is the geographical top-level domain. It represents the country, in is used for India.
index.html: It represents the file name.

TOP Level Domain Names

• .com – The site register for commercial purpose
• .edu – The site register for educational purpose
• .gov – The site register by Government agencies
• .mil – The site register for military services
• .net – The site register for network purpose
• .org – The site register by organizations

Country Specific Domain Names

• .in – India
• .au – Australia
• .ca – Canada
• .ch – China
• .jp – Japan
• .us – United States of America