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Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Maths Chapter Wise Previous Questions and Answers Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry.

Kerala Plus Two Maths Chapter Wise Previous Questions Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry

Plus Two Maths Three Dimensional Geometry 3 Marks Important Questions

Question 1.
(i)Find the equation of the Plane with intercepts 2, 3, 4 on X, Y, Z axes respectively.)
(ii) Find the distance of the point (- 1, – 2,3) from the Plane \(\bar{r}\)(2i – 3 j + 4k) = 4 (March – 2011)
Answer:
(i) The equation of the plane is \(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{3}+\frac{z}{4}=1\)
(ii) The equation of the plane is 2x – 3y + 4z = 4
Hence the distance \(=\frac{2(-1)-3(-2)+4(3)-4}{\sqrt{4+9+16}}\)
\(=\frac{-2+6+12-4}{\sqrt{4+9+16}}=\frac{12}{\sqrt{29}}\)

Question 2.
Consider the points A(2,2, – 1), B(3,4,2), C(7,0,6)
(i) FindAB.
(ii) Find the Cartesian and vector equation the plane passing through these points. (March – 2011)
Answer:
(i) \(A B=\sqrt{1+4+9}=\sqrt{14}\)
(ii) Cartesian Equation of the plane is

Vector equation is \(\bar{r}\)(5i + 2j – 3k) = 17

Question 3.
Consider the points A(3, – 4, – 5) and 5(2, – 3,1)
(i) Find the vector and Cartesian equation of the Line passing through the points A and B.
(ii) Find the point where the line crosses the XY Plane. (March – 2012)
Answer:
Let \(\bar{a}\) = 3i – 4j – 5k, b = 2i – 3j + k
(i) Vector Equation is \(\bar{r}\) = \(\bar{a}\) + λ(\(\bar{b}\) – \(\bar{a}\)) \(\bar{r}\) = 3i – 4j – 5k + λ( – i + j + 6k)
Cartesian Equation is \(\frac{x-3}{-1}=\frac{y+4}{1}=\frac{z+5}{6}\)

(ii) Let the point be (x, y, 0)
\(\begin{array}{l}
\Rightarrow \frac{x-3}{-1}=\frac{y+4}{1}=\frac{5}{6} \\
\Rightarrow x=\frac{13}{6}, y=\frac{-19}{6}
\end{array}\)
Then the point on the XY Plane is \(\left(\frac{13}{6}, \frac{-19}{6}, 0\right)\)

Question 4.
(i) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 2, -3) perpendicular to the vector 2i – j + 2k.
(ii) Find the angle between the above \(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{y-3}{3}=\frac{z}{6}\) (March – 2012)
Answer:
(i) The equation of the Plane is
2(x – 1) – 1(y, -2) + 2(z+3) = 0
⇒ 2x – 2 – y + 2 + 2z + 6 = 0
⇒ 2x – y + 2z + 6 – 0

(ii) Angle between the line and the Plane is

Question 5.
(i) Find the angle between the lines having direction ratios 1, 1, 2 and \(\sqrt{3}-1,-\sqrt{3}-1,4\)
(ii) If the lines \(\frac{x-1}{3}=\frac{y-1}{2 \lambda}=\frac{z-3}{2}\) and \(\frac{x-1}{3 \lambda}=\frac{y-1}{1}=\frac{z-6}{-5}\) are perpendicular, find the value of λ. (May – 2012)
Answer:

(ii) Since they are perpendicular
a₁a₂ + b₁b₂ + c₁c₂ = 0
⇒ 3 x 3λ + 2λ x 1 + 2x – 5 = 0
⇒ 9λ + 2λ – 10 = 0
⇒ 11λ + 10 ⇒ 2 = \(\frac{-10}{11}\)

Question 6.
(i) Find the equation of the Plane passing through the points (3, -1, 2), (5, 2, 4), ( -1, -1, 6)
(ii) Find the perpendicular distance from the point (6, 5, 9) to this plane. (March – 2013)
Answer:
(i) Cartesian Equation of the plane is

(ii) Perpendicular distance

Question 7.
Consider the vector equation of the planes r.(2i + j+k) – 3 and r.(i – j – k) = 4
(i) Find the vector equation of any of the plane at the intersection of the above two planes.
(ii) Find the vector equation of the planes through the intersection of the above two planes and the point (1, 2, -1). (May – 2013)
Answer:
(i) 2x + y + z – 3 + λ(x – y – z – 4) = 0
⇒ (2 + λ)x + (1 – λ)y + (1 – λ)z – 3 – 4λ = 0
Vector equation is
\(\bar{r}\).(2 + λ)i + (1 – λ)y + (1 – λ)k – (3 + 4)λ = 0

(ii) Since passing through (1,2, – 1) we have;
⇒ (2 + λ)1 + (1 – λ)2 + (1 – λ)( -1) – 3 – 4λ = 0
⇒ 2 + λ + 2 – 2λ – 1 + 1 – 3 – 4λ = 0
⇒ 0 – 4λ – 0
⇒ λ = 0

\(\bar{r}\).(2i + j + k) = 3 is required plane. Since the point (1, 2, -1) is a point on the first plane.

Question 8.
Consider the planes2x + y – 2z = 5 and 3x – 6y – 2z = 7
(a) Find their normal vectors.
(b) Find the angle between these two planes. (May – 2014)
Answer:
(a) Normal vectors are 2i + i – 2k; 3i – 6j – 2k
(b) Angle =

Question 9.
(a) If a₁, b₁, c₁ and a₂, b₂, c₂ are the direction ratios of two lines, then write the condition of its perpendicularity.
(b) Find the angle between the lines \(\frac{x+3}{3}=\frac{y-1}{5}=\frac{z+3}{4}\) and \(\frac{x+1}{1}=\frac{y-4}{1}=\frac{z-5}{2}\)
Answer:
(a) a₁a₂ + b₁b₂ + c₁c₂ = 0

Question 10.
Find the shortest distance between the lines \(\bar{r}\) = i + j + λ(2i – j + k) and \(\bar{r}\) = 2i + j – k + µ(3i – 5 j + 2k) (March – 2016)
Answer:
From the given lines we have;

Question 11.
(i) The equation of the line which passes through the point(1,2,3) and parallels to the vector 3i + 2j – 2k is
(a) \(\bar{r}\) = 3i + 2j – 2k + λ(/ + 2j + 3k)
(b) \(\bar{r}\) = 2i – 5k + λ(3/ + 2j – 2k)
(c) \(\bar{r}\) = i + 2j + 3k + λ(-2i + 4j – 2k)
(d) \(\bar{r}\) = i + 2j + 3k + λ(3i + 2j – 2k)
(ii) Find the angle between the pair lines
\(\bar{r}\) = 2i – 5j + k + λ(3i + 2j + 6k) and \(\bar{r}\) = li – 6k + µ(i + 2j + 2k) (May – 2016)
Answer:
(i) (d) \(\bar{r}\) = i + 2j + 3k + λ(3i + 2j – 2k)
(ii) \(\bar{a}\) = 3i + 2j + 6k; \(\bar{b}\) = i + 2j + 2k
\(\cos \theta=\frac{\bar{a} \cdot \bar{b}}{|\bar{a} \| \bar{b}|}=\frac{19}{7 \times 3}=\frac{19}{21}\)

Plus Two Maths Three Dimensional Geometry 4 Marks Important Questions

Question 1.
Consider the lines \(\frac{x-3}{2}=\frac{y-1}{5}=\frac{z+3}{4}\) and \(\frac{x+5}{1}=\frac{y+2}{1}=\frac{z-3}{2}\)
(i) Find the angle between them.
(ii) Find the shortest distance between them. (March – 2011)
Answer:

Question 2.
(i) Find the vector equation of the Plane Passing through the intersection of the Planes \(\bar{r}\).(i + j + k) = 6 and \(\bar{r}\)(2i + 3j + 4k) = – 5 and through the point (1, 1, 1).
(ii) Express the vector equation \(\bar{r}\).(5i + 3j + 4k) = 0 of a Plane in Cartesian form and hence find its perpendicular distance from the origin. (May – 2011)
Answer:
(i) The Cartesian equation of the given planes are x + y + z – 6 = 0 and 2x + 3 – y + 4z + 5 = 0
The family of such planes is x + y + z – 6 + λ(2x + 3y+ 4z + 5) = 0  …..(1)
Since it passes through (1, 1, 1)

Vector Equation is \(\bar{r}\).(20i + 23j + 26k) = 69

(ii) Cartesian Equation is ⇒ 5x + 3y + 4z = 0 Perpendicular distance from origin is
\(=\left|\frac{5 \times 0+3 \times 0+4 \times 0}{\sqrt{25+9+16}}\right|=0\)

Question 3.
Given the Plane 5x – 2y + 4z – 9 = 0
(i) Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the Plane.
(ii) Write the vector and Cartesian equation of this perpendicular. (May – 2011)
Answer:
(i) The equation of the perpendicular line to the given plane 5x – 2y + 4z – 9 = 0 and passing through the origin is
\(\begin{array}{l}
\frac{x-0}{5}=\frac{y-0}{-2}=\frac{z-0}{4}=\lambda \\
\Rightarrow \frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{-2}=\frac{z}{4}=\lambda
\end{array}\)
Hence any point on this line is (5λ, – 2λ, 4λ). Let this point be on the given plane then
⇒ 5(5λ) – 2( – 2λ) + 4(4λ) – 9 = 0
⇒ λ = 1/5
Then the foot of the perpendicular is
\(\left(5 \times \frac{1}{5},-2 \times \frac{1}{5}, 4 \times \frac{1}{5}\right) \Rightarrow\left(1,-\frac{2}{5}, \frac{4}{5}\right)\)
Since the line is perpendicular to the Plane and passes through the point \(\left(1,-\frac{2}{5}, \frac{4}{5}\right)\)
The Cartesian equation is \(\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{-2}=\frac{z}{4}\)
The Vector equation is \(\bar{r}\) = \(\bar{0}\) + λ(5i – 2j + 4k)

Question 4.
(i) The foot of the perpendicular from the origin to a Plane is P(4, – 2,5). Write \(\overline{O P}\)
(ii) Find the equation of the Plane in vector and Cartesian form. (May – 2012)
Answer:
(i) \(\overline{O P}\) = 4i – 2j + 5k
(ii) Then is perpendicular unit vector to the required plane is \(\frac{\overline{O P}}{\overline{O P} \mid}=\frac{4 i-2 j+5 k}{\sqrt{16+4+25}}=\frac{4 i-2 j+5 k}{\sqrt{45}}\)

The perpendicular distance from the origin is \(\sqrt{16+4+25}=\sqrt{45}\)
Vector equation of the Plane can be written as
\(\begin{array}{l}
\vec{r} \cdot \bar{m}=d \Rightarrow \bar{r} \cdot \frac{4 i-2 j+5 k}{\sqrt{45}}=\sqrt{45} \\
\Rightarrow \bar{r} .4 i-2 j+5 k=45
\end{array}\)
Cartesian from is 4x – 2y + 5z = 45

Question 5.
Consider the lines \(\frac{x-3}{3}=\frac{y-8}{-1}=\frac{z-3}{1}\) and \(\frac{x+3}{3}=\frac{y+7}{2}=\frac{z-6}{4}\)
(i) Express the equation to the lines into vector form.
(ii) Find the shortest distance between the lines. (March – 2013)
Answer:
(i) The vector equation;

Question 6.
Consider the Cartesian equation of a line
\(\frac{x-3}{2}=\frac{y+1}{3}=\frac{z-5}{-2}\)
(i) Find its vector equation.
(ii) Find the intersecting point with the plane 5x + 2y – 6z – 7 = 0 (May – 2013)
Answer:
(i) Vector equation of the line is
\(\bar{r}\) = (3i – 1j + 5k) + λ(2i + 3j – 2k)

(ii) Any point on the line is of the form

Question 7.
The foot of the perpendicular drawn from origin to a Plane is (4, -2, 5).
(i) How far is the plane from the origin?
(ii) Find a unit vector perpendicular to that Plane.
(iii) Obtain the equation of the Plane in a general form. (March – 2014)
Answer:
(i) \(\overline{O P}\) = 4i – 2j + 5k
(ii) Then is perpendicular unit vector to the required plane is \(\frac{\overline{O P}}{\overline{O P} \mid}=\frac{4 i-2 j+5 k}{\sqrt{16+4+25}}=\frac{4 i-2 j+5 k}{\sqrt{45}}\)

The perpendicular distance from the origin is \(\sqrt{16+4+25}=\sqrt{45}\)
Vector equation of the Plane can be written as
\(\begin{array}{l}
\vec{r} \cdot \bar{m}=d \Rightarrow \bar{r} \cdot \frac{4 i-2 j+5 k}{\sqrt{45}}=\sqrt{45} \\
\Rightarrow \bar{r} .4 i-2 j+5 k=45
\end{array}\)
Cartesian from is 4x – 2y + 5z = 45

Question 8.
(a) Equation of the plane with intercepts 2, 3, 4 on the x, y, z-axis respectively is
(i) 2x + 3y + 4z = 1
(ii) 2x + 3y + 4z = 12
(iii) 6x + 4y + 3z = 1
(iv) 6x + 4y + 3z = 12

(b) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the points A(2, 5, -3), B(-2, -3, 5), and C(5, 3, -3). (March – 2016)
Answer:
(a) (iv) 6x + 4y + 3z = 12
(b) Equation of the plane is

Question 9.
(i) The distance of the plane from the point(1, 1, 1)is
(a) 4 units
(b) \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) units
(c) \(\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\) units
(d) \(\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{3}}\) units

(ii) Find the equation of the plane passing through (1, 0. -2) and perpendicular to each of the planes 2x + y – z = 2 and x – y – z = 3 (May – 2016)
Answer:
(i) (c) \(\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\) units
(ii) Equation of the plane passing through (1, 0, -2) is a(x – 1) + b(y – 0) + c(z + 2) = 0……………..(1)
Plane (1) is perpendicular to the given planes
2a + b – c = 0 ……………..(2)
a – b – c = 0 ……………..(3)
Solving (2) and (3) we get;

Question 10.
(i) The linesx – l = y = z is perpendicular to the line
\(\begin{array}{l}
\text { (a) } \frac{x-2}{1}=\frac{y-1}{2}=\frac{z}{-3} \\
\text { (b) } x-2=y-2=z \\
\text { (c) } \frac{x-2}{1}=\frac{y-1}{2}=\frac{z}{3} \\
\text { (d) } x=y=\frac{z}{2}
\end{array}\)

(ii) Find the shortest distance between the lines \(\bar{r}\) = i + 2j + 3k + λ(i + j + k) and \(\bar{r}\) – i + j + k + µ(i + j + k) (March – 2017)
Answer:

Plus Two Maths Three Dimensional Geometry 6 Marks Important Questions

Question 1.
(i) Find the shortest distance between the line \(\frac{x+1}{7}=\frac{y+1}{-6}=\frac{z+1}{1}\) and \(\frac{x-3}{1}=\frac{y-5}{-2}=\frac{z-7}{1}\)
(ii) Find the equation of the Plane passing through one point(-1, 3, 2) and ± r to the planes x + 2y + 3z = 5 and 3x + 3y + z = 0 (March – 2010)
Answer:

(ii) Let the equation of the plane be ax + by + cz + d = 0….(1)
Since (1) is perpendicular to 3x + 2y + 3z = 5, a + 2b + 3c = 0
Since (1) is perpendicular to 3x + 3y + z = 0
3a + 3b + c = 0
Using (2) and (3) we have;
\(\frac{a}{2-9}=\frac{-b}{1-9}=\frac{c}{3-6} \Rightarrow \frac{a}{-7}=\frac{b}{8}=\frac{c}{-3}\)
(1) = -7x + 8y – 3z + d = 0
Since (1) passes through (-1, 3, 2) we have;
⇒ -7 (-1) + 8(3) – 3(2) + d = 0
⇒ 7 + 24 – 6 + d = 0 = d = -25
Therefore the equation of the plane is
(1) ⇒ -7x + 8y – 3z – 25 = 0

Question 2.
(i) (a) A line makes equal angles with the coordinate axis. Find the direction cosines.
(b) Find the equation of the Plane Passing through (1, 1, -1),(2, 3, 5) an (1, 4, -5)
(ii) Find p and q, if the plane x + py + qz = 0 is perpendicular to the plane 3x + 2y + z = 0 and the line \(\frac{x-3}{2}=\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{z-1}{1}\) (March – 2010)
Answer:

(ii) Since the Plane x + py + qz = 0 is perpendicular to the Line \(\frac{x-3}{2}=\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{z-1}{1}\) we have their direction ratios proportional. Plane dr’s is 1, p, q and dr’s of Line is 2, 3, 1.
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}=\frac{p}{3}=\frac{q}{1} \Rightarrow p=\frac{3}{2}, q=\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 3.
Given the straight lines
\(\bar{r}[latex] = 3i + 2j – 4k + 2(i + 2j + 2k) and [latex]\bar{r}[latex] = 5i – 2k + µ(3i + 2j + 6k)
(i) Find the angle between the lines.
(ii) Obtain the unit vector perpendicular to both the lines.
(iii) From the equation of the line perpendicular to the given lines and passing through the point (1, 1, 1). (March – 2014)
Answer:

Question 4.
(a) Write the Cartesian equation of the straight line through the points (1, 2, 3) and along the vector 3i + j +2k
(b) Write a general point on this straight line.
(c) Find the point of intersection of this straight line with the plane 2x + 3y – z + 2 = 0
(d) Find the distance from (1, 2, 3) to the plane 2x + 3y – z + 2 = 0 (March – 2015)
Answer:
(a) Cartesian equation is [latex]\frac{x-x_{1}}{a}=\frac{y-y_{1}}{b}=\frac{z-z_{1}}{c}\), \(\frac{x-1}{3}=\frac{y-2}{1}=\frac{z-3}{2}\)

(b) Let \(\frac{x-1}{3}=\frac{y-2}{1}=\frac{z-3}{2}=\lambda\)
x = 3λ + 1, y = λ + 2, z = 2λ + 3 are the general point of the line.

(c) Equation of the plane is 2x + 3y – z + 20….(1)
putting the values of x, y, z in (1) is
2(3λ + 1) – 3(λ + 2) – (2λ + 3) + 2 = 0
7λ + 7 = 0 ⇒ λ = -1
∴ Point of intersection is x = -3 + 1 = -2; y= -1 + 2 = 1, z= -2 + 3 = 1
ie; (-2, 1, 1)

(d) Distance = \(\frac{2(1)+3(2)-3+2}{\sqrt{4+9+1}}=\frac{7}{\sqrt{14}}\)

Question 5.
Consider a plane passing through the point (5, 2, -4) and perpendicular to the line
\(\bar{r}\) = (i + j) + λ(2i + 3j – k)
(a) Write the equation in cartesian form.
(b) Find its distance from the point (1, 2, -1).
(c) Find the angle made by it with line \(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{y-2}{1}=\frac{z-3}{-2}\) (May – 2015)
Answer:
(a) The equation of a plane passing through the point (5, 2, 4) and perpendicular direction ratios 2, 3, -1 is

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Previous Year Question Paper Say 2018 with Answers

Board	SCERT
Class	Plus Two
Subject	Computer Science
Category	Plus Two Previous Year Question Papers

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes

General Instructions to candidates

• There is a ‘cool off-time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• You are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Part – A

Answer all questions from 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
The ability of data to be processed in more than one form is called ________
Answer:
polymorphism

Question 2.
Each node in a linked list has a ________ to the next node.
Answer:
pointer

Question 3.
NORESIZE is an attribute of ________ tag.
Answer:
<frame>

Question 4.
In client-side scripting, processing is done by ________
Answer:
browser

Question 5.
VPS stands for ________
Answer:
Virtual Private Server

Answer any 9 questions from 6 to 16. Each carries 2 scores. (9 × 2 = 18)

Question 6.
What is the self-referential structure?
Answer:
Self Referential Structures: A structure contains an element that is a pointer to the same structure.
Eg:
struct date
{
int dd, mm, yyyy;
date *ptr;
};

Question 7.
What is the difference between the two declaration statements given below:
(a) int*ptr= new int(10);
(b) int*ptr = new int[10];
Answer:
(a) Dynamic initialization with value 10.
(b) Dynamic array of size 10.

Question 8.
Differentiate static and dynamic data structures. Give an example for each.
Answer:
The main memory can be allocated in two methods.
i) Static memory allocation
ii) Dynamic memory allocation
When the amount of memory to be allocated is known in advance and memory is allocated during compilation itself, it is referred to as static memory allocation.
int x=10;

When the amount of memory to be allocated is not known in advance and it is required to allocate memory as and when required during run time, it is known as dynamic memory allocation.
‘new’ operator is used for dynamic allocation of memory syntax.
datatype *pointer variable = new datatype;
eg: int *ptr=new int;

Question 9.
Categorize the following tags in HTM L appropriately.
<br>, <hl>, <img>, <table>
Answer:

Empty tag	container tag
<br>	<h1>
<img>	<table>

Question 10.
Explain any two data types in JavaScript.
Answer:
Data types in JavaScript
Unlike C++ it uses only three basic data types
1. Number: Any number (whole or fractional) with or without a sign.
Eg: +1977, -38.0003, -100, 3.14157, etc.
2. String: It is a combination of characters enclosed within double-quotes.
Eg: “BVM”, “jobi_cg@rediffmail.com”, etc.
3. Boolean: We can store either true or false. It is case sensitive. That means can’t use TRUE OR FALSE.

Question 11.
Write the JavaScript code to display “Welcome to Kerala” inside the <hl>, tag as shown in the HTML page.
<HTML>
<Body>
<Script lang= “javascript”>
<hl> …………. </hl>
</Body>
</Script>
</HTML>
Answer:
document.write(“Welcome to Kerala”);

Question 12.
Explain any two components of DBMS.
Answer:
Components of DBMS

• Databases – It is the main component.
• Data Definition Language (DDL) – It is used to define the structure of a table.
• Data Manipulation Language (DML) – It is used to add, retrieve, modify and delete records in a database.
• Users – With the help of programs users interact with the DBMS.

Question 13.
Consider the following table:

S.No.	Name	Age	Total
1.	Albert	50	90
2.	Einstein	60	95
3.	Kalam	70	94
4.	Raman	90	98
5.	Babbage	95	99

(a) Identify the degree and cardinality of the given table.
(b) Identify a suitable primary key for the given table.
Answer:
(a) Degree 4
Cardinality 5
(b) SI. No is the primary key

Question 14.
Write the output of the following PHP code fragment.
function justA fun ($num)
{
$num = $num * 5 + ($num + 6);
return $num;
}
echo justA fun(100);
Answer:
5*100 + (100 + 6)
= 500 + 106
= 106
Hence the output is 606

Question 15.
Compare serial and parallel computing.
Answer:

Serial computing	Parallel computing
A single processor is used	Multiple processors are used with shared memory
A problem is divided into a series of instructions	A problem is divided into smaller ones that can be solved simultaneously
Instructions executed sequentially	Instructions executed simultaneously
One instruction is executed on a single processor at any moment	More than one instruction is executed on multiple processors at any moment in time.

Question 16.
How does ICT help students in learning?
Answer:
Advantages of E-Learning:

• It can offer various courses to a large number of students from distant locations.
• It saves journey time and money, instructor fees, etc.
• People can enjoy e-Learning at a lower cost.
• It enables people to do courses conducted by national or international institutions.

Answer any 9 questions from 17 to 27. Each carries 3 scores. (9 × 3 = 27)

Question 17.
What is a Pointer in C++? Declare a pointer and initialize with the name of your country.
Answer:
Pointer is a variable which points to memory location of some other variable
Syntax:
data_type ‘variable;
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
intmain()
{
char*ptr=newchar[10]; .
ptr=”India”;
cout<<ptr;
delete ptr;
}

Question 18.
What is Procedural Oriented Programming? What are the disadvantages of Procedural Oriented Programming?
Answer:
A program in procedural language consists of a list of instructions.
Following are the disadvantages of procedural language:
a) Data is undervalued: Here the importance is on doing things rather than the data. The data has the least importance. That is, data is exposed to all and there is a chance to access or destroy this data accidentally or intentionally by many functions on a program.

b) Adding new data requires modifications to all/many functions: A program may contain many functions and these functions may access different data used in different locations. If we add new data items, we will need to modify all the functions that access the data. This is a laborious task.

c) Creating new data types is difficult: In procedural languages, some built-in data types such as int, float, double, and character are available. Extensibility is the ability to create new data types without major rewriting of codes in its basic architecture. Some programming languages are extensible but procedural languages are not extensible.

d) Provides poor real-world modeling: Procedural programming paradigm treats data and functions are different not a single unit. In this Real-life simulations are not possible.

Question 19.
Write an algorithm to add a new item into a queue.
Answer:
An algorithm is given below
Step 1: If front = 1 and rear=N or front=rear + 1
Then print “OVERFLOW” and return
Step 2: If front = Null then
Set front = 1 and rear =1
Else if rear = N then set rear = 1
Else
Set rear = rear +1
End if
Step 3: Set Queue[rear]=item
Step 4: stop

Question 20.
List and explain any three attributes of the INPUT tag in HTML.
Answer:
<Input> It is used to create input controls. Its type of attribute determines the control type.
The main values of type attributes are given below.

1. Text-To creates a text box.
2. Password – To create a password text box.
3. Checkbox – To create a check box.
4. Radio – To create a radio button.
5. Reset – To create a Reset button.
6. Submit – To create a submit button.
7. Button – To create a button

Question 21.
Consider a string “Gandhiji” Write JavaScript code fragment to do the following tasks:
(a) Convert the string to upper case.
(b) Find the length of the string.
(c) Display the 3rd letter in the string.
Answer:
(a) var x=”Gandhiji”;
alert(x.toUpperCase());

(b) var x=”Gandhiji”;
alert(“The number of characters is “+ x.length);

(c) var x=”Gandhiji”;
alert(x.charAt(2));

Question 22.
What is an FTP client software? Differentiate FTP and SFTP.
Answer:
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) client software:
When a client requests a website by entering the website address. Then FTP client software helps to establish a connection between the client computer and the remote server computer. Unauthorised access is denied by using username and password hence secure our website files for that SSH (Secure Shell) FTP simply SFTP is used. Instead of http.//, it uses ftp.//:

By using FTP client s/w we can transfer(upload)the files from our computer to the web server by using the ‘drag and drop’ method. The popular FTP client software are FileZilla, CuteFTP, SmartFTP, etc.

Question 23.
List and explain different database users in DBMS.
Answer:
Users of Database

• Database Administrator – It is a person who has central control over the DBMS.
• Application Programmer – These are computer professionals who interact with the DBMS through programs.
• Naive users – He is an end-user. He does not know the details of DBMS.

Question 24.
Differentiate DELETE and DROP in SQL. Write the syntax of DELETE and DROP.
Answer:

Delete	Drop
It is a DML command	It is a DDL command
Used to delete rows in a TABLE	Used to delete the whole TABLE
Here Table exists and we can insert rows	But here Table does not exist, so not possible to insert rows

Syntax:
Delete from <Table Name> where condition;
DropTable <Table Name>;

Question 25.
Name the different types of arrays in PHP. Explain with an example.
Answer:
Arrays in PHP: In PHP array is a collection of key and value pairs. Unlike C++, in PHP we can use either nonnegative integers or strings as keys.
Different types of arrays in PHP
Indexed arrays
Associate arrays
Multidimensional arrays.

Indexed arrays: The elements in an array can be distinguished as first or second or third etc. by the indices and the index of the first element is zero. In PHP the function array() is used to creating an array.
Syntax: $array_name=array(value1, value2, …….);
OR
$array_variable[key]=value;
Eg:$mark=array(60, 70, 80);
$course=array(“Science”, “Commerce”, “Humanities”);

Associative arrays: Arrays with named keys and string indices are called associative arrays.
Syntax:
$varibale_name=array(key1=>value1, key2=>value2,etc);
Eg:
$course=array (“Computer Science”=>”05”, “Commerce”=>”39”, “Science”=>”01”);

Question 26.
Discuss any three information security laws for protecting information shared over cyberspace.
Answer:
Guidelines for using computers over the internet

• Emails may contain Viruses so do not open any unwanted emails.
• Download files from reputed sources (sites).
• Avoid clicking on pop-up Advt.
• Most of the Viruses spread due to the use of USB drives so use cautiously.
• Use a firewall on your computer
• Use anti-virus and update regularly
• Use spam blocking software
• Take backups in regular time intervals
• Use strong passwords, i.e a mixture of characters (a-z & A-Z), numbers, and special characters.
• Do not use bad or rude language in social media and emails.
• Untick ‘Remember Me’ before login.

Question 27.
Briefly explain any three applications of computational intelligence.
Answer:
Computational Intelligence is the ability to make a computer to face and solve real-life problems just like an intelligent man do it. It includes Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Evolutionary Computation (EC), Swarm Intelligence (SI), and Fuzzy Systems (FS).

A) Artificial Neural Networks (ANN): The brain is a complex, nonlinear and parallel computer with the ability to perform tasks such as recognise the pattern, perception, and motor control. ANN is the method of simulate biological neural systems to learn, memorise, and generalize like human beings. A human brain cortex consists of 10-500 billion neurons with 60 trillion synapses(a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron to pass electrical).

B) Evolutionary Computation (EC): It is the simulation of the natural evolution, i.e. survival of the fittest. In the surrounding, we can see that the stronger must win and others will lose. EC applied for data mining, fault diagnosis, classification, scheduling, etc.

C) Swarm Intelligence (SI): Swarm Intelligence is the study of behaviour of colonies or groups of social animals, birds, insects, ants, etc. How they communicate and create and manage their own colonies beautifully.

D) Fuzzy Systems: Human beings use common sense while facing a problem, just like human beings fuzzy systems can also use common sense and behave like a human being. Fuzzy systems is used to control gear transmission and raking systems, control lifts, home appliances, controlling traffic signals, etc.

Answer any 2 questions from 28 to 30. Each carries 5 scores. (2 × 5 = 10)

Question 28.
(a) Name and explain any two attributes of the FORM tag. (2)
(b) Check the given HTML code. Fill the missing code to generate an output as shown in the figure. (3)
<HTML>
<body>
<form name= ‘loginForm’>
username:
<input type = “text”>
password:
………………………………
<input type = “………… ” value = “Login”>
………………………………
</form>
</body>
</html>
Answer:
a) <Form> attributes
1. Action – Here we give the name of the program (including the path) stored in the Webserver.
2. Method – There are 2 types of methods get and post.
3. Target – Specifies the target window for displaying the result. Values are given below.
_blank – Opens in a new window
_self – Opens in the same frame
_parent – Opens in the parent frameset
_top – Opens in the main browser window
name – Opens in the window with the specified name.

b) <inputtype=”password”>
<inputtype=”submit”>
<inputtype=”reset”>

Question 29.
(a) What are scripts in web programming? (2)
(b) Differentiate Client-side Scripting and Server-side Scripting. (3)
Answer:
a) Scripts are small programs embedded in the HTML pages, to write scripts <SCRIPT> tag is used.
Two types of scripts
1. Client scripts: These are scripts executed by the browser(client) hence reduces network traffic and workload on the server.
2. Server scripts: These are scripts executed by the server and the results as a webpage returned to the client browser.

b)

Client-Side Scripting	Server Side Scripting
Script is copied to the client browser	Script is copied to the webserver
Executed by the client	Executed by the server and result gets back to the browser window
Used for Client level validation	Connect to the database in the server
It is possible to block by the user	Cannot possible
Client-side scripts depend on the type and version of the browser	It does not depend on the type and version of the browser

Question 30.
Write SQL queries based on the table PRODUCT given below:

PID	Name	Product	Price
P1	Lukra	Seafood	4000
P5	Exotic Liquids	Mineral water	7000
K1	Tokyo Traders	Soft drink	5000
R3	Chang	Iron	8000
W5	Tokyo Traders	Soft drink	3000

1. Set PID as a primary key.
2. Display the Name, Price of the product having the highest price.
3. Change the Name of Supplier ‘Exotic Liquids’ to ‘Singapore Foods.’
4. Delete all products of supplier ‘Tokyo Traders’.
5. Display Pname and Supplier of all products in the ascending order of price.

Answer:
create table student(name varchar(20) primarykey, roll no int, marks int);

1. Create table PRODUCT (PID varchar(2) primarykey, Name varchar(20), Product varchar(20), Price dec(8, 2));
2. Select Name, Price from PRODUCT where Price=(Select max(Price) from PRODUCT);
3. Update PRODUCT set Name=”Singapore Foods” where Name=”Exotic Liquids”;
4. Delete from PRODUCT where-Name=”Tokyo Traders”;
5. Select Name, Product from PRODUCT order by Price asc;