Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4

Students often refer to SSLC Maths Textbook Solutions and Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Mathematics of Chance Important Extra Questions and Answers Kerala State Syllabus to clear their doubts.

SSLC Maths Chapter 4 Mathematics of Chance Important Questions and Answers

Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala Syllabus

Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Extra Questions

Question 1.
Each letter of the word MALAYALAM are written in small paper pieces and kept in a box. One is taken from the box without looking. The probability of getting A is
(a) \(\frac{2}{9}\)
(b) \(\frac{3}{9}\)
(c) \(\frac{4}{9}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{9}\)
Answer:
(c) \(\frac{4}{9}\)

Question 2.
The factors of 24 are written in small paper pieces separately and kept in a box. One is taken from the box without looking. The probability of getting even
(a) \(\frac{1}{8}\)
(b) \(\frac{7}{8}\)
(c) \(\frac{6}{8}\)
(d) \(\frac{3}{8}\)
Answer:
(c) \(\frac{6}{8}\)

Question 3.
First 10 terms of the arithmetic sequence 3n + 1 are written in small paper pieces separately and kept in a box.One is taken from the box without looking. What is the probability of getting odd number.
(a) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(b) \(\frac{3}{5}\)
(c) \(\frac{5}{11}\)
(d) \(\frac{3}{8}\)
Answer:
(a) \(\frac{1}{2}\)

Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4

Question 4.
Radius of the big circle is equal to the diameter of small circle.
Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4 1
A fine dot is placed into the figure without looking The probability of falling the dot in the unshaded part?
Answer:
\(\frac{3}{4}\)

Question 5.
The numbers 2,3,4 are written in small paper pieces kept in one box. Fractions \(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{4}\) are written in paper pieces and kept in another box. One is taken from each box and find the product
a) What are the outcome pairs
Answer:
Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4 2
Products are 1, \(\frac{2}{3}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{3}{2}\), 1\(\frac{3}{4}\), 2, \(\frac{4}{3}\), 1

b) What is the probability of getting an integer as the product?
Answer:
\(\frac{4}{9}\)

Question 6.
Numbers 1, 2, 3,…25 are written in small paper pieces and put in a box.One is taken from it without looking into the box.
a) What is the probability of getting an even number?
Answer:
\(\frac{12}{25}\)

b) What is the probability of getting an odd number?
Answer:
\(\frac{13}{25}\)

c) What is the probability of getting a prime number?
Answer:
\(\frac{9}{25}\)

Question 7.
A die in which the numbers 1 to 6 are written on the faces is thrown
a) What is the probability of falling an even numbered face?
Answer:
Probability of falling even face = \(\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\)

b) What is the probability of getting an odd numbered face?
Answer:
Probability of falling odd face = \(\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\)

c) What is the probability of getting a prime numbered face?
Answer:
Probability of falling prime numbered face = \(\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 8.
Two digit numbers are written in small paper pieces and placed in a box. One is taken from the box at random
a) How many multiples of 5 are there in the box?
Answer:
10, 11, 12, ……….. 99 are the two digit numbers.
Number of two digit numbers is 90
Multiples of five are 10,15, 20…95
Number of numbers = 18

b) What is the probability of getting a multiple of 5?
Answer:
Probability of getting a multiple of five = \(\frac{18}{90}\)

c) What is the probability of not getting a multiple of 5 ?
Answer:
Probability of not getting a multiple of 5
= 1 – \(\frac{18}{90}=\frac{72}{90}=\frac{8}{10}\)

Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4

Question 9.
Two dice numbered 1 to 6 are thrown at together.
a) Write the outcomes as pairs
Answer:
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
(2, 1) , (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
(4, 1) , (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
(5, 1) , (5, 2), (5, 3), (5,4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
(6, 1) , (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

b) What is the probability of the occurence of equal numbers?
Answer:
\(\frac{6}{36}=\frac{1}{6}\)

c) What is the probability of the occurence of perfect squares ?
Answer:
(1, 1), (1, 4), (4, 1), (4, 4).
Probability \(\frac{4}{36}\)

d) What is the probability of the occurence of multiple of 2 in one die and multiple of 3 in other die ?
Answer:
(2, 3), (4, 3), (6, 3), (2, 6), (4, 6), (6, 6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4)
Probability \(\frac{11}{36}\)

Question 10.
What is the probability of getting 5 Sundays in the month December?
Answer:
There are 31 days in December. 28 days decide 4weeks, so four Mondays.
The combinations are (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday), (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday), (Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday), (Wednesday, Thusday, Friday), (Thusday, Friday, Saturday), (Friday, Saturday, Sunday), (Saturday, Sunday, Monday).
There are three combinations in which Sundays occur.Probability of occuring five Sundays is \(\frac{3}{7}\)

Question 11.
The numbers 21, 22, 23… 250 are written in small paper pieces and placed in a box.
a) Write the sequence of numbers comes in the right end of these numbers ?
Answer:
2, 4, 8, 6, 2, 4, 8, 6…

b) If one is taken from the box at random, then what is the probability of getting a number with 4 in ones place?
Answer:
Up to 248, the set of digits 2, 4, 8, 6 repeats 12 times. One’s place of 249 is 2 and one’s place of 250 is 4
Probability of getting 4 in one’s place is = \(\frac{13}{50}\)

c) What is the probability of getting a number with 8 in ones place?
Answer:
Probability of getting 8 in one’s place is = \(\frac{12}{50}\)

d) What is the probability of getting a number with 2 in ones place?
Answer:
Probability of getting 2 in one’s place is = \(\frac{13}{50}\)

e) What is the probability of not getting a number with 2 in ones place?
Answer:
Probability of not getting 2 in one’s place is = 1 – \(\frac{13}{50}\)
= \(\frac{37}{50}\)

Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4

Question 12.
Two digit numbers are written in small paper pieces and placed in a box.
a) How many paper slips are there in the box?
b) If one is taken from the box, what is probability of getting a number with digits same?
c) If one is taken from the box, what is probability of getting a number in which the product of the digits a prime number.
d) What is the probability of getting a prime number?
Answer:
a) 10, 11, 12…99 are the numbers. There are 90 numbers

b) Numbers with same digits are 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99
Total number of these numbers is 9 Probability = \(\frac{9}{90}\) = \(\frac{1}{10}\)

b) In the two digit numbers with product of the digits a prime, one digit is 1 and other digit is one of the numbers 2, 3, 5, 7

c) Numbers are 12, 13, 15, 17, 21,31,51,71.
Probability = \(\frac{8}{90}=\frac{4}{45}\)

d) There are 25 prime numbers below 100.4 of them are one digit primes and the rest of the 21 numbers are two digit primes.
Probability is = \(\frac{21}{90}=\frac{7}{30}\)

Question 13.
There are two circles in the picture.One is inside other.Radius of the small circle is half of the radius of the big circle.
Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4 3
a) If the radius of the small circle is r then what is the area of the small circle and big circle ?
b) If a fine dot is placed into the figure, what is the probability of falling the dot in the small circle?
c) What is the probability of falling the dot the
yellow shaded part in the figure.
Answer:
a) Area of small circle πr2
Area of big circle π × (2r)2 = 4πr2
b) Chance of getting black \(\frac{\pi r^2}{4 \pi r^2}=\frac{1}{4}\)
c) Probability of falling the dot in the yellow shade is 1 – \(\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)

Question 15.
Triangle PQR is drawn by joining the midpoints of the sides of triangle ABC.
Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4 4
a) How many equal triangles are there in the figure?
Answer:
4 triangles.
∆PQR, ∆APQ, ∆PCR, ∆QRB are equal triangles

b) A fine dot is placed into the figure. What is the probability of falling the dot in triangle PQR?
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{4}\)

c) How many parallelograms are there in the picture?
Answer:
3 Parallelograms
PQRC, PQBR, PRQA are equal

d) A fine dot is placed into the figure. What is the probability of falling the dot in the parallelogram PQRC ?
Answer:
To fall the dot in PQRC it is necessary to fall either in triangle PCR or triangle PQR
Probability is \(\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4

Question 15.
ACP is drawn in the square ABCD and shaded. P is the mid point of the side of the square
Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4 5
a) If the side of the square is ‘a’ then what is the altitude to the side PC of the shaded triangle.
Answer:
AB = a

b) If the side of the square is V then what is the area of the shaded triangle?
Answer:
Height of triangle APC is = \(\frac{a}{2}\)
Height = a
Area = \(\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{a}{2}\) × a = \(\frac{\mathrm{a}^2}{4}\)

c) If a fine dot is placed into the figure then what is the probability of falling the dot in the shaded triangle?
Answer:
Probability = \(\frac{\mathrm{a}^2}{4}\) ÷ a = \(\frac{1}{4}\)

Question 16.
There are two squares in the figure.The perimetre of the outer square is 28 cm , the perimetre of the inner square is 20 cm
Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4 6
a) What is the area of the outer square?
Answer:
Side of outer square = \(\frac{28}{4}\) = 7 cm
Area = 72 = 49 sq.cm

b) What is the area of inner square?
Answer:
Side of inner square \(\frac{20}{4}\) = 5 cm
Area = 52 = 25 sq.cm

c) What is the area of the shaded triangle ?
Answer:
Area of the region in between the squares
= 49 – 25 = 24 sq.cm
Area of shaded part = \(\frac{24}{4}\) = 6 sq.cm

d) If a fine dot is placed into the figure then what is the probability of falling the dot in the shaded triangle?
Answer:
Probability = \(\frac{6}{49}\)

Question 17.
The mid points of the two sides and one vertex of a square are joined in such a way as to get a triangle which is coloured in the picture.
Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4 7
a) If the side of the square is a, what is area of the unshaded triangles ?
Answer:
Unshaded part = (\(\frac{1}{2}\) × a × \(\frac{a}{2}\)) × 2 + \(\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{a}{2} \times \frac{a}{2}\)
= \(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{a^2}{8}=\frac{5 a^2}{8}\)

Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4

b) What is the area of the shaded triangle?
Answer:
Area of shaded part = a – \(\frac{5 a^2}{8}=\frac{3 a^2}{8}\)

c) If a fine dot is placed into the figure then what is the probability of falling the dot in the coloured traingle?
Answer:
Probability = \(\frac{3 a^2}{8}\) ÷ a2 = \(\frac{3}{8}\)

Question 18.
Manju has three ornaments :Green, Red and Blue ear rings and chains.She ware it in different ways.
a) How many ways she can ware the ornaments?
b) What is the probability of waring ornaments of same colour?
c) What is the probability of wearing the orna-ments of different colours?
Answer:
a) Number of pairs 3 × 3 = 9, (Green, Green), (Green , Red), (Green, Blus) (Blue, Green), (Blue, Red), (Blue, Blue) (Red, Green), (Red, Red), (Red, Blue)
b) (Green, Green), (Red, Red), (Blue, Blue) Probability = \(\frac{3}{9}=\frac{1}{3}\)
c) Probability of wearing different colours is 1 – \(\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{3}\)

Question 19.
A box contains 4 black balls and 3 white balls. Another box contains 5 black balls and 3 white balls. One from each box is taken at random.
a) How many pair of balls are possible ?
b) What is the probability of getting both balls black?
c) What is the probability of getting both balls white?
d) What is the probability of getting balls of dif-ferent colours?
Answer:
a) Total number of possible selections = (3 + 4) × (5 + 3) = 7 × 8 = 56

b) Probability of getting both black
\(\frac{4 \times 5}{56}=\frac{20}{56}=\frac{5}{14}\)

c) Probability of getting both white \(\frac{3 \times 3}{56}=\frac{9}{56}\)

d) Probability of getting balls of different colours \(\frac{(4 \times 3)+(3 \times 5)}{56}=\frac{27}{56}\)

Question 20.
A box contains four paper slips carrying numbers 1,2,3,4. Another box contains paper slips carrying numbers 1, 2, 3. One from each box is taken at random and entered as pairs.
a) How many pairs are possible ?
b) What is the probability of getting a pair with the product of the digits odd?
c) What is the probability of getting a pair with the product of the digits even?
Answer:
a) Number of pairs 4 × 3 = 12
(1, 1) , (1, 2), (1, 3)
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3)
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)

b) Pairs of getting a product odd are
(1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (3, 3)
Probability \(\frac{4}{12}=\frac{1}{3}\)

c) Probability of getting product even = 1 – \(\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{3}\)

Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 4

Question 21.
A bag contains 4 black beads and 3 white beads.Another bag contains 4 black beads and 5 white beads. One is taken from each bag
a) What is the probability of getting both white ?
b) What is the probability of getting both black ?
c) What is the probability of getting one white and one black?
d) What is the probability of getting atleast one black?
Answer:
a) First bag contains 7 beads and second bag con-tains 9 beads. When one from each box are taken we get 7×9 = 63 pairs.
Number of pairs with both white is, 3 × 5 = 15
Probability of getting both white is \(\frac{15}{63}=\frac{5}{21}\)

b) Number of pairs with both black is, 4 × 4 = 16
Probability of getting both black is \(\frac{16}{63}\)

c) Probability of getting one white and one black is \(\frac{4 \times 5+3 \times 4}{63}=\frac{32}{63}\)

d) Probability of getting atlest one black is
\(\frac{4 \times 5+3 \times 4+4 \times 4}{63}=\frac{48}{63}=\frac{16}{21}\)

Question 22.
A box contains four paper strips on which the numbers 1,2,3,4 are written. Another box contains the strips 1, 2, 3. One is taken from each box
a) What are the possible outcomes
Answer:
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3)
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3)
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)

b) What is the probability of getting the sum a multiple of 3 ?
Answer:
Favourable outcomes are
(1, 2) , (2, 1), (3, 3), (4, 2)
Probability is = \(\frac{4}{12}=\frac{1}{3}\)

c) What is the probability of getting the sum a multiple of 2 ?
Answer:
Favourable outcomes are
(1, 1), (3, 1), (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 2)
Probability is \(\frac{6}{12}=\frac{1}{2}\)

d) What is the probability of getting the product a multiple of 6
Answer:
Favourable outcomes are (2,3), (3,2), (4,3)
Probability is \(\frac{3}{12}=\frac{1}{4}\)

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 3

Students often refer to SSLC Maths Textbook Solutions and Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Important Extra Questions and Answers Kerala State Syllabus to clear their doubts.

SSLC Maths Chapter 3 Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Important Questions and Answers

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala Syllabus

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Extra Questions

Question 1.
Algebraic form of an arithmetic sequence is xn = 3n +1. Common difference is
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) -3
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 3

Question 2.
Sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence n2 + n. What is its common difference .
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 2

Question 3.
Sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is n2 + n. What is its 13th term?
(a) 31
(b) 26
(c) 20
(d) 50
Answer:
(b) 26

Question 4.
a, a – 1, a – 2 ……. is an arithmetic sequence. What is its nth term?
(a) a + n + 1
(b) a + n – 1
(c) a – n – 1
(d) a – n + 1
Answer:
(d) a – n + 1

Question 5.
The algebraic form of the sequence \(\frac{1}{7}, \frac{3}{7}, \frac{5}{7}\) ……….?
(a) \(\frac{n}{7}\)
(b) \(\frac{2 n+1}{7}\)
(c) \(\frac{2 n-1}{7}\)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) \(\frac{2 n-1}{7}\)

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 3

Question 6.
Algebraic form of an arithmetic sequence is \(\frac{n+1}{3}\)
(a) What is its common difference ?
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{3}\)

(b) At what position 15 becomes a term of the sequence?
Answer:
44th term is 15

Question 7.
Sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is 3n2 + 2n
(a) What is its common difference?
(b) Find the sum of first 20 terms
Answer:
(a) 6
(b) 3 × 202 + 2 × 20 = 1240

Question 8.
\(\frac{1}{11}, \frac{2}{11}, \frac{3}{11} \ldots\) is an arithmetic sequence.
(a) Write the algebraic form of this sequence?
(b) Find the sum of first 10 terms of this sequence?
Answer:
(a) \(\frac{n}{11}\)
(b) \(\frac{1+2+3+\cdots 10}{11}=\frac{55}{11}\) = 5

Question 9.
nth term of an arithmetic sequence is 1 – 4n
(a) What is the common difference ?
(b) Find the sum of first 25 terms of this sequence.
Answer:
(a) – 4
(b) x25 = 1 – 4 x 25 = -99, x1 = 1 – 4 × 1 = -3
Sum =(x1 + x25) × \(\frac{25}{2}\)
= (-3 + -99) × \(\frac{25}{2}\) = -1275

Question 10.
Sum of the first«terms of an arithmetic sequence is 5«2 + 3n .
(a) What is the common difference ?
(b) Write the algebraic form of this sequence.
Answer:
(a) d = 10
(b) f = 8, d = 10
⇒ xn = 10n – 2

Question 11.
Consider the arithmetic sequence 1, 4, 7, 10….
(a) Write the nth term of the sequence?
(b) Find the expresson for the sum of first terms of this sequence.
(c) Calculate the sum of first 20 terms of this sequence.
Answer:
(a) xn = 3n – 2
(b) Sum = (x1 + xn) × \(\frac{n}{2}\) = (1 + 3n – 2) × \(\frac{n}{2}\)
= \(\frac{3 n^2}{2}-\frac{n}{2}\)
(c) \(\frac{3 \times 20^2}{2}-\frac{20}{2}\) = 590

Question 12.
Consider the arithmetic sequence 6, 10, 14,…
(a) What is the common difference of this sequence?
(b) Find the sum of first n terms of this sequence
(c) Can sum of some terms of this sequence 1225? How do you know this?
Answer:
(a) d = 4

(b) xn = 4n + 2
Sum =(6 + 4n + 2) × \(\frac{n}{2}\) = 2n2 +4 n

(c) All terms are even numbers. Sum of even numbers cannot be an odd number. 1225 cannot be the sum

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 3

Question 13.
First term of an arithmetic sequence is \(\frac{1}{2}\) and common difference \(\frac{3}{4}\)
(a) What is the algebra of this sequence?
(b) At what position 50 becomes a term of the se-quence
(c) What is the sum of first 11 terms?
Answer:
(a) xn = dn + (f – d)
= \(\frac{3}{4}\)n + \(\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{3}{4}\right)=\frac{3 n-1}{4}\)

(b) \(\frac{3 n-1}{4}\) = 50
⇒ 3n – 1 = 200,
3n = 201,
n = 67

(c) Sum = \(\frac{3(1+2+3+\cdots+11)-11}{4}=\frac{187}{4}\)

Question 14.
a + 1, a + 2, a + 3 ……….. is an arithmetic sequence
(a) What is its algebraic form?
(b) What is the sum of first 20 terms?
Answer:
(a) xn = a + n
(b) Sum = 20a + \(\frac{20 \times 21}{2}\)
= 20a + 210

Question 15.
Algebraic form ofan arithmetic sequence is 3n + 2
(a) What is the common difference?
(b) What is its 15th term? ‘
(c) What is the sum of first 29 terms?
Answer:
(a) d = 3
(b) x15 = 3 × 15 + 2 = 47
(c) Since x15th term is the middle term the first 29 terms sum will be x15 × 29
= 47 × 29
= 1363

Question 16.
Consider the arithmetic sequence -1, 3, 7, …………
(a) What is the common difference?
Answer:
d = 4

(b) Write the nth term of this sequence.
Answer:
4n – 5

(c) Is 95 a term of the sequence ?
Answer:
4n – 5 = 95
⇒ 4n = 100,
n = 25

(d) Calculate the sum of the terms upto 95.
Answer:
Sum = 4(1 + 2 + 3 + ……… + 25) – 5 × 25
= 4 × 325 – 125
= 1175

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 3

Question 17.
Sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is n2 +5n
(a) Find the sum of first 15 terms
Answer:
152 + 5 × 15 = 300

(b) WTiat is its 8th term?
Answer:
x8 = \(\frac{300}{15}\) = 20

(c) Write the algebraic form of the sequence.
Answer:
f = 6, d= 2
⇒ xn = 2n + 4

Question 18.
Sum of the first 3 terms of an arithmetic sequence is 15 . Sum of the first 4 terms is 28
(a) What is the 4th term?
Answer:
x4 = 28 – 15 = 13

(b) What is the sum of first 7 terms of the sequence?
Answer:
x4 × 7 = 91

(c) What is the third term ?
Answer:
2d = 13 – 5 = 8,
d = 4,
x3 = 13 – 4 = 9

(d) Express the sequence algebraically
Answer:
xn = 4n – 3

Question 19.
Sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is n2
(a) What is the first term?
Answer:
12 = 1

(b) Find the common difference
Answer:
12 + 22 = 5, x2 = 3, d = 2

(c) Write the sequence algebraically
Answer:
2n – 1

Question 20.
Sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is n2 + n
(a) Find the common difference of the arithmetic sequence.
Answer:
x1 = 12 + 1 = 2, x1 + x2 = 6
⇒ x2 = 4
d = 4 – 2 = 2

(b) Write the sequence argebraically
Answer:
xn = 2n

(c) Find the sum : 3 + 5 + 7 + …. + 51
Answer:
25th term is 50. Each term of 3, 5, 1…. is one more than 2, 4, 6….
3 + 5 + 7 + ……….. + 51 = 252 + 25 + 25 = 675

Question 21.
If \(\frac{1+3+5+\cdots(2 n-1)}{2+5+8+\cdots 23}\) = 9 then what is n ?
Answer:
\(\frac{n^2}{2+5+8+\cdots+23}\) = 9
2, 5, 8….23 has 8 terms. Sum is 100
\(\frac{n^2}{100}\) = 9
⇒ n2 = 900,
n = 30

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 3

Question 22.
nth term of an arithmetic sequence is 2n +1.
(a) Write the sequence in the numerical form
(b) What is its 100th term?
(c) Calculate the sum of first 100 terms
(d) Find the sum of first 100 terms of the arith-metic sequence 4, 6, 8
Answer:
(a) 3, 5, 7….
(b) 2 × 100+ = 201
(c) 2(1 +2 + 3 +….+100) + 100 = 10200
(d) The terms of 4, 6, 8,… are one more than the terms of 2n + 1 Sum is 10200 + 100 = 10300

Question 23.
Let x1, x2, x3 ……… be the terms of an arithmetic sequence.
Given that x1 + x5 + x10 + x15 + x20 + x24 = 225
Calculate the sum of first 24 terms of this sequence.
x1 + (x1 + 4d) + (x1 + 9d) + (x1 + 14d) + (x1 + 19d) + (x1 + 23d) = 225
Answer:
6x1 + 69d = 225, 2x1 + 23d = 75
Sum = (x1 + x24) × \(\frac{24}{2}\)
= (x1 + x1 + 23d) × 12
= (2x1 + 23d) × 12
= 75 × 12 = 900

Question 24.
Algebraic form of an arithmetic sequence is \(\frac{3}{7}\) n +1
(a) What is the common difference?
(b) Obtain the expression for the sum of first n terms of this sequence
(c) Find the sum of first 21 terms of the sequence.
Answer:
(a) \(\frac{3}{7}\)
(b) Sum = (x1 + xn) × \(\frac{n}{2}=\frac{3 n^2+17 n}{14}\)
(c) \(\frac{3 \times 21^2+17 \times 21}{14}\) = 120

Question 25.
-117, -114, -111… is an arithmetic sequence.
(a) What is the common difference ?
(b) Find the nth term of the sequence
(c) At what position 0 becomes a term of the se-quence?
(d) What is the sum of first 79 terms of this se-quence?
Answer:
(a) 3
(b) 3n – 120
(c) 3n – 120 = 0 × n = 40
(d) When we consider 79 terms, 40th term will be the middle term. It is 0
Sum of 79 terms is 0

Question 26.
The sum of first 10 terms is 230 . The sum of first 15 terms is 495.
(a) If pn2 + qn is the sum of first n terms then write a pair of equations
Answer:
100p + 10q = 230
⇒ 10p + q = 23

225 + 15q = 495
⇒ 15p + q = 33

5p = 10, p = 2, q = 3

(b) Find p and q and write the expression of the sum of first n terms
Answer:
2n2 +3n

(c) Find the algebraic form of the sequence
Answer:
xn = 4n +1

Question 27.
10 times 10th term of an arithmetic sequence is 20 times its 20th term.
(a) Find the 30th term of the sequence.
(b) What is the product of first 30 terms ?
Answer:
(a) 10(f + 9d) = 20(f + 19d)
⇒ f + 29d = 0, x30 = 0

(b) 0

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 3

Question 28.
The sums of the first n terms of three arithmetic sequences are y1, y2 and y3. The first term of each is 1 and common differences are 1,2 and 3 in the order. Prove that y1 + y3 = 2y2
Answer:
s1 = 1 + 2 + 3 … n = \(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\)
s2 = 1 + 3 + 5 + …….. + 2n – 1 = n2
For the third sequence, f = 1, d = 3
nthth term is 3n – 2 Sum of first n terms = \(\frac{3 n^2}{2}-\frac{n}{2}\)
s1 + s3 = \(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}+\frac{3 n^2}{2}-\frac{n}{2}\)
On simplifying s1 + s3 = 2n2= 2s2

Question 29.
Sum of the first n odd numbers is k
(a) What is the sum of first n even numbers?
Answer:
k + √k

(b) What is the sum of first n natural numbers ?
Answer:
\(\frac{k+\sqrt{k}}{2}\)

(c) Find \(\frac{1+2+3+4+\cdots+15}{16+17+18+\cdots+30}\)
Answer:
Find \(\frac{8}{23}\)

Question 30.
Consider the sequence of numbers which leaves the remainder 4 on dividing by 7 .
(a) Write the algebraic form of the sum of the terms of this sequence.
(b) Calculate the sum of first 20 terms of this se-quence
Answer:
(a) 4, 11, 18…. is the sequence
Sum of the first n terms = pn2 + qn
p + q = 4, 4p + 2q = 15
Solving q = \(\frac{1}{2}\), p = \(\frac{7}{2}\)
Sum of first n terms = \(\frac{7}{2}\) n2 + \(\frac{1}{2}\)n

(b) \(\frac{7}{2}\) × 202 + \(\frac{20}{2}\)
= 1400 + 10
= 1410

Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

Students often refer to Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Maths Textbook Solutions Chapter 4 Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Notes Pdf to clear their doubts.

SSLC Maths Chapter 4 Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers

Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Questions and Answers Kerala State Syllabus

SCERT Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Mathematics of Chance Solutions

Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus – Chances As Numbers

(Textbook Page No. 74, 75)

Question 1.
A box contains 6 black and 4 white balls. If a ball is picked from it, what is the probability that it is black? And the probability that it is white?
Answer:
(a) \(\frac{6}{10}=\frac{3}{5}\)
(b) \(\frac{4}{10}=\frac{2}{5}\)

Question 2.
A bag contains 3 red balls and 7 green balls. Another contains 8 red and 7 green balls
(a) If a ball is drawn from the first bag what is the probability that it is red?
Answer:
\(\frac{3}{10}\)

(b) From the second bag?
Answer:
\(\frac{8}{15}\)

(c) The balls in both bags are put together in a single bag. If a ball is drawn from this, what is the probability that it is red?
Answer:
\(\frac{11}{25}\)

Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

Question 3.
A bag contains 3 red beads and 7 green beads. Another bag contains one more of each. The probability of getting a red from which bag is greater?
Answer:
From the first bag, probability of getting red is \(\frac{3}{10}\)
In second bag, Number of red balls 4 , number of green balls 8
Probability of getting red \(\frac{4}{12}=\frac{2}{6}\)
\(\frac{3}{10}=\frac{18}{60}\), \(\frac{2}{6}=\frac{20}{60}\)
\(\frac{20}{60}>\frac{18}{60}\)
Taking ball from the second bag is more probable to get red

Class 10 Maths Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Solutions – Number Probability

(Textbook Page No. 76)

Question 1.
In each of the problems below, compute the probability as a fraction and then write it in decimal form and as a percent
(i) If one number from 1, 2, 3, …, 10 is chosen, what is the probability that it is a prime number?
(ii) If one number from 1, 2, 3, …, 100 is chosen, what is the probability that it is a two-digit number?
(iii) Every three digit number is written in a slip of paper, and all the slips are put in a box. If one slip is drawn, what is the probability that it is a palindrome?
Answer:
(i) \(\frac{4}{10}\) 0.4 40%
(ii) \(\frac{90}{100}=\frac{9}{10}\), 0.9,90%\frac{90}{100}=\frac{9}{10}
(iii) \(\frac{10}{100}=\frac{1}{10}\), 0.1, 10%

Question 2.
A person is asked to say a two-digit number. What is the probability that is a perfect square?
Answer:
\(\frac{6}{90}=\frac{1}{15}\)

Question 3.
A person is asked to say a three-digit number.
(i) What is the probability that all three digits of this number are the same?
Answer:
\(\frac{9}{900}=\frac{1}{100}\)

(ii) What is the probability that the digit in one’s place of this number is zero?
Answer:
\(\frac{90}{900}=\frac{1}{10}\)

(iii) What is the probability that this number is a multiple of 3?
Answer:
\(\frac{300}{900}=\frac{1}{3}\)

Question 4.
Four cards with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 on them, are joined to make a four-digit number.
(i) What is the probability that the number is greater than four thousand?
Answer:
There are 24 such numbers. 6 of them are more than 4000 Probability of getting more than 4000 is \(\frac{6}{24}=\frac{1}{4}\)

(ii) What is the probability that the number is less than four thousand?
Answer:
\(\frac{18}{24}=\frac{3}{4}\)

SCERT Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Solutions – Geometrical Probability

(Textbook Page No. 78)

In each picture below, the description of the green region inside the yellow one is given. In each, find the probability that a dot put in the picture, without looking, falls within the green region

Question 1.
The square got by joining the midpoints of a larger square
Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions 1
Answer:
The square got by joining the midpoints of a larger square
Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions 2
Draw horizontal and vertical lines. It divides the figure into 8 equal parts. Four of them are shaded.So probability is \(\frac{1}{2}\).

Question 2.
The triangle got by joining alternate vertices of a regular hexagon
Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions 3
Answer:
The triangle got by joining alternate vertices of a regular hexagon
Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions 4
Divide the regular hexagon into six equal triangles.
Three of them are green probability is \(\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

Question 3.
The regular hexagon formed between two equal equilateral triangle.
Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions 5
Answer:
Regular hexagons formed by two equilateral triangles
Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions 6
Divide the green hexagon into six equal triangles.
These are 6 among 12 equal triangles.Probability is \(\frac{6}{12}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 4.
A square drawn with vertices on a circle
Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions 7
Answer:
A square drawn with vertices on the circle Let a be the side of the square. Diagonal √2 a
Radius of the circle \(\frac{a}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Area of the circle π\(\frac{a^2}{2}\)
Probability is \(\frac{a^2}{\frac{\pi a^2}{2}}=\frac{2}{\pi}\)

Question 5.
The circle that just fits within a square
Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions 8
Answer:
The circle that just fits within a square
Radius of the circle r.
Area = πr2
Side of the square 2r. Area of the square 4r2;
Probability = \(\frac{\pi}{4}\)

SSLC Maths Chapter 4 Questions and Answers – Pairs

(Textbook Page No. 80, 81)

Question 1.
Rajani has three necklaces and three earrings of green, blue and red stones. In how many different ways can she wear them ? What is the probability of her wearing a necklace and earrings of the same colour ? Of different colours?
Answer:
Different ways: 3 × 3 = 9
Probability of wearing a necklace and carring of same colour = \(\frac{3}{9}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Probability of wearing a necklace and carring of different colour = \(\frac{6}{9}=\frac{2}{3}\)

Question 2.
A box contains four slips numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and another box contains two slips numbered 1 and 2. If one slip is drawn from each box, what is the probability of the sum of the numbers being odd? What is the probability of the sum being even?
Answer:
(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2) Pairs having sum odd are (1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 2) (4, 1)
Probability of getting sum odd = \(\frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Probability of getting sum even = \(\frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 3.
A box contains four slips numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and another box contains three slips numbered 1, 2, 3. If one slip is drawn from each box, what is the probability of the product of the numbers being odd? What is the probability of the product being even?
Answer:
Possible outcomes are
(1.1), (1, 2), (1, 3)
(2.1), (2, 2), (2, 3)
(3.1), (3, 2), (3, 3)
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)
Probability of getting product odd = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
Probability of getting product even = \(\frac{2}{3}\)

Question 4.
From all two-digit numbers using only the digits 1, 2, and 3, one number is chosen
(i) What is the probability of both digits being the same?
(ii) What is the probability of the sum of the digits being 4?
Answer:
(i) Outcomes are 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33
Probability is \(\frac{3}{9}=\frac{1}{3}\)

(ii) \(\frac{3}{9}=\frac{1}{3}\)

Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

Question 5.
A game for two players. Before starting, each player has to decide whether he wants an odd number or even number. Then both raise some fingers of one hand at the same time. If the sum of numbers of fingers is odd, the one who chose odd number at the beginning wins; if even, the one who chose even number wins. Which is the better choice at the beginning, odd or even?
Answer:
Pairs are
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5)
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5)
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5)
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5)
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5)

Sums are
2, 3, 4, 5, 6
3, 4, 5, 6, 7
4, 5, 6, 7, 8
5, 6, 7, 8, 9
6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Probability of getting the sum even = \(\frac{13}{25}\)
Probability of getting the sum odd = \(\frac{12}{25}\)
Choosing even at the beginning is better.

Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Solutions – More Pairs

(Textbook Page No. 84)

Question 1.
There are 30 boys and 20 girls in Class 10 A and 15 boys and 25 girls in Class 10 B. One student is to be chosen from each Class.
(i) What is the probability of both being girls ?
Answer:
There are 30 boys and 20 girls in Class 10 A and 15 boys and 25 girls in Class 10 B. One student is to be chosen from each Class.
\(\frac{20 \times 25}{2000}=\frac{500}{2000}=\frac{1}{4}\)

(ii) What is the probability of both being boys ?
Answer:
\(\frac{30 \times 15}{2000}=\frac{450}{2000}=\frac{9}{40}\)

(iii) What is the probability of one being a boy and one being a girl?
Answer:
\(\frac{30 \times 25+20 \times 15}{2000}=\frac{105}{200}=\frac{21}{40}\)

(iv) What is the probability of at least one being a boy?
Answer:
\(\frac{1500}{2000}=\frac{15}{20}=\frac{3}{4}\)

Question 2.
One is asked to say a two-digit number
(i) What is the probability of both digits being the same ?
Answer:
\(\frac{9}{90}=\frac{1}{10}\)

(ii) What is the probability of the first digit being greater than the second?
Answer:
Without actual listing
10, (20, 21), (30, 31, 32)…. (90, 91, 92….98)
Total numbers = 1 + 2 + 3 + …. + 9 = 45
Probability is \(\frac{45}{90}\)

(iii) What is the probability of the first digit being less than the second?
Answer:
8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2+1=36
Probability is \(\frac{36}{90}\)

Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

Question 3.
Two dice with faces numbered from 1 to 6 are rolled together. What are the possible sums that can be got ? Which sum has the maximum possibility?
Answer:
Sums are listed below
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

Question 4.
One box contains 10 slips numbered 1 to 10 and another contains slips numbered with multiples of 5, up to 25. One slip is drawn from each box.
(i) What is the probability of both numbers being odd?
(ii) What is the probability of the product of the numbers being odd ?
(iii) What is the probability of the sum of the numbers being odd?
Answer:
(i) 5 odd numbers in the first box and 3 odds in the second box. Probability is \(\frac{15}{50}=\frac{3}{10}\)
(ii) To get product odd, number from first box is odd and number from second box odd
Probability is \(\frac{15}{50}=\frac{3}{10}\)
(iii) To get sum odd, numbers from the first box odd from the second box even or number from the first box even and number from second box is odd.
Probability is \(\frac{5 \times 2+5 \times 3}{50}=\frac{25}{50}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Mathematics of Chance Class 10 Notes Pdf

Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Mathematics of Chance Notes Kerala Syllabus

Introduction
The unit ‘Mathematics of Chance’ or ‘Probability’ discusses the numerical measurement of chance. There are experiments whose outputs cannot be predicted. Such experiments are generally known as probability experiments.
Tossing a coin and throwing a dice are probability experiments. The outcomes in the tossing a coin are Head H and Tail T. We define probability of getting H on a single toss as \(\frac{1}{2}\) .
There is a section ‘Geometric probability’ in the unit. It measures probability as the ratio of areas.
The third section of the unit is related to fundamental principle of counting. If an activity can be performed in m ways, another activity by n ways then both the activities can be performed in m × n ways. Questions related to this situation is a part of the unit.

→ The experiments whose results cannot be predicted are called probability experiments. Tossing a coin, throwing a dice are the examples of probability experiments

→ On tossing a coin the expected outcomes are Head and Tail. The probability of getting head on tossing is \(\frac{1}{2}\)

→ Throwing a dice is another experiment. Dice is a cubical object numbered 1 to 6 on its faces. The expected outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. On throwing, the probability of getting a prime numbered face is \(\frac{3}{6}\)

Mathematics of Chance Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

→ Probability is the measure of chance. Sometimes by comparing area of geometric shapes also comes as the part of probability experiments.
For example, we know that the diagonal of a rectangle divides the rectangle into two equal triangles.Let one of them be shaded. A fine dot is placed into the rectangle without looking in it. The probability of falling the dot in the shaded part is the ratio of area of shaded part to the area of the rectangle. It is \(\frac{1}{2}\).

→ There are situations to measure probability by pairing of objects.
A box contains 3 black balls and 3 white balls. Another box contains 4 black balls and 2 white balls One ball is taken from each box and write as pairs
Number of pairs is (3 + 3) × (4 + 2) = 6 × 6 = 36
Probability of getting both white = \(\frac{3 \times 2}{36}\)
Probability of getting both black = \(\frac{3 \times 4}{36}\)
Probability of getting one black and one white = \(\frac{3 \times 2 + 3 \times 4}{36}\)

→ Probability Experiments

  • Experiments where results cannot be predicted in advance are called probability experiments.
  • Examples: Tossing a coin, throwing a dice.

→ Tossing a Coin

  • Possible outcomes: Head (H) or Tail (T).
  • Probability of getting a Head = \(\frac{1}{2}\), and Tail = \(\frac{1}{2}\)

→ Throwing a Dice

  • A standard dice has six faces numbered from 1 to 6
  • Possible outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • Prime numbers among them: 2, 3, 5

Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2

Students often refer to SSLC Maths Textbook Solutions and Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Circles and Angles Important Extra Questions and Answers Kerala State Syllabus to clear their doubts.

SSLC Maths Chapter 2 Circles and Angles Important Questions and Answers

Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala Syllabus

Circles and Angles Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Extra Questions

Question 1.
In the given figure BC is the diameter of a circle and AB = AC. Then ∠ABC is
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 1
(a) 30°
(b) 45°
(c) 60°
(d) 90°
Answer:
45°

Question 2.
O is the centre of the circle and ∠ACB = 30°. What is ∠AOB?
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 2
(a) 30°
(b) 15°
(c) 60°
(d) 90°
Answer:
60°

Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2

Question 3.
O is the center of a circle. If ∠OAB = 40° and C is a point on the circle then Z ACB is
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 3
(a) 40°
(b) 50°
(c) 80°
(d) 100°
Answer:
50°

Question 4.
A and B are the points on a circle. Pisa point on the alternate segment of arc AB. If ∠ACB = 30° then what is the central angle of small arc AB.
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 4
(a) 40°
(b) 50°
(c) 30°
(d) 60°
Answer:
60°

Question 5.
In the figure AB = AC = AD, ∠BAC = 40°. What is ∠BDC?
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 5
Answer:
20°

Question 6.
In the figure radius OA is perpendicular to radius OB. Radius of the circle is 10 cm
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 6
(a) What is the measure of ∠ACB
(b) What is the length AB?
Answer:
(a) 45°
(b) 10√2

Question 7.
In the figure AB is the diameter of a circle. ∠Q is \(\frac{1}{3}\) of of ∠APB.
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 7
(a) What is the measure of ∠APB?
(b) What is the length AQB?
Answer:
(a) 90°
(b) \(\frac{1}{3}\) × 90 = 30°

Question 8.
In triangle ABC. angles are in the ratio 1: 2: 3. Angle B is the largest and A is the smallest angle.
(a) What are the angles?
(b) What is the position of A based on the circle with diameter BC?
Answer:
(a) Smallest angle = \(\frac{1}{6}\) × 180 = 30°
∠A =30°, ∠B = 90°, ∠C = 60°

(b) On the circle

Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2

Question 9.
The vertices of a quadrilateral ABCD are on a circle. ∠A = x, ∠B = 3y, ∠C = 4x, ∠D = 2y
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 8
(a) Find x, y
(b) Find the angles of ABCD
Answer:
(a) x + 4x = 180 ⇒ 5x = 180, x = 36
Angles are 36°, 144°

(b) 2y + 3y = 180 ⇒ 5y = 180,y = 36°
Angles are 72°, 108°

Question 10.
ABCD is a trapezium in which AB is parallel to CD and AD = BC.
Prove that ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 9
Answer:
AD = BC ⇒ ∠A = ∠B
Since AB is parallel to CD, ∠B + ∠C =180°
Therefore ∠A + ∠C = 180°
ABCD is cyclic

Question 11.
The comers of a trapezium are on a circle.
Prove that it is an isosceles trapezium .
Answer:
ABCD is a trapezium in which AB is parallel to CD and vertices are on the circle.
∠B + ∠C = 180°, ∠A + ∠C = 180°
That is ∠A = ∠B. Base angles of a trapezium are equal. ABCD is isosceles.

Question 12.
Can all parallelogram be cyclic ?Justify your answer
Answer:
No. For a parallelogram opposite angles are equal
If it is cyclic opposite angle sum is 180°.
That is, opposite angles are 90° each.That is it is a rectangle.
That is, cyclic parallelogram is a rectangle.

Question 13.
O is the centre of the circle, PQ is parallel to OA, PR is parallel to OB
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 10
(a) If the central angle of arc ASB is 40° then what is the measure of ∠QPR?
(b) What is the central angle of arc QSR?
Answer:
(a) ∠QPR= 40°.(Angle between two lines is equal to angle between the lines parallel to them)
(b) Central angle of arc QSR is 80°

Question 14.
Draw a right triangle having longest side 7 cm and one of the other sides is 3 cm
Answer:
See the rough diagram
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 11

Question 15.
Angles of the quadrilateral ABCD are in the ratio 1: 2: 4: 3 in the order.
a) What are the angles?
b) Is this a cyclic quadrilateral? Why?
Answer:
(a) Take the angles as x, 2x, 4x and 3x
x + 2x + 4x + 3x = 360,
10x = 360,
x = 36
Angles are 36°, 72°, 144°

(b) 36 + 144 = 360, 72 + 108 = 180.
Opposite angle sum is 180°. So it is cyclic

Question 16.
O is the centre of the circle with diametre AB. Another circle is drawn with AO as the diametre
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 12
(a) What are the measure of ∠APO, ∠ACB
(b) Outer circle has radius 5 cm and BC = 8 cm. What is the length OP?
(c) Is AP = PC? Why?
(d) What is the length of AC?
Answer:
(a) 90°. Reason ∠APO, ∠ACB are the angles in the semicircle

Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2

(b) Triangle APO, triangle ACB are similar.
\(\frac{A O}{A B}=\frac{O P}{B C}\)
\(\frac{5}{10}=\frac{O P}{8}\), OP = 4 cm

(c) AC is the chord of big circle. OP is perpendicu-lar from centre to this chord. OP bisect AC. Therefore
AP = PC

(d) AC = \(\sqrt{10-8}\) = 6 cm.

Question 17.
Sides of triangle ABC are AB = 5 cm, AC = 12 cm, BC = 13 cm
(a) What kind of triangle is this ?
(b) What is the position of A based on the circle with diametre BC?
(c) What is the position of C based on the circle with diametre ZB?
(d) What is the position of B based on the circle with diametre AC?
Answer:
(a) Right triangle
(b) On the circle
(c) Outside the circle
(d) Outside the circle

Question 18.
In the figure AB is the diametre of a semicircle.Three angles x, y, z are marked outside. on the semicircle and inside the semicircle.
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 13
(a) What is the value of y?
(b) If x, y, z are in an arithmetic sequence,then what is x + z ?
(c) If the common difference of the sequence is 50 then find x and z
Answer:
(a) y = 90°
(b) x + z = 2 × 90 = 180° (Refer the properly of arithmetic sequence)
(c) y = 90, x = 90 – 50 = 40°, z = 90 + 50 = 140°

Question 19.
Draw a circle of radius 3 cm .Construct the angles 30° and 150° with vertices on the circle using compasses and scale only.
Answer:

  • Draw a circle of radius 3 cm .Mark the center of the circle as O
  • Mark a point A on the circle. Draw the radius OA.
  • With A as the center and OA as radius, draw an arc which cut the circle at B. Join OB, ∠AOB = 60°
  • Mark a point P on the complement of the arc AB, which makes 60° at the center. ∠APB = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 60 = 30°
  • Mark a point Q on the arc AB. ∆AQB = 180 – 30 = 150°

Question 20.
In the figure ∆ABC, ∆AOC, ∆ADC are in an arithmetic sequence
(a) What is the relation between angle ABC and angle AOC
(b) What is the relation between angle ABC and ADC
(c) Find the measure of these angles
Answer:
(a) ∆AOC = 2 × ∆ABC
(b) ∆ABC + ∆ADC = 180°
(c) Let ∆ABC = x, ∆AOC = y, ∆ADC = z
x, y, z are in an arithmetic sequence. Therefore 2y = x + z

From the relations noted above
y = 2x,
x + z = 180
2y = x + z
2 × 2x = x + y = 180
4x = 180 x = 45
x = 45°,y = 90°, z = 135°
∠ABC = 45°, ∠AOC = 90°, ∠ADC = 135°

Question 21.
ABCD is a square. The diagonals AC and BD intersect at O.
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 14
(a) What is the measure of angle AOD?
(b) What is the measure of angle APD?
(c) What is the measure of angle AQD
Answer:
(a) Diagonals of a square are perpendicular to each other. ∠AOD = 90°
(b) ∠APD = 45°
(c) ∠AQD = 180 – 45 = 135°

Question 22.
In the figure O is the centre of the circle, ∠BAO = 20°, ∠BCO = 10°
(a) What is the measure of angle ∠ABC?
(b) What is the measure of angle ∠AOC?
(c) What is the measure of angle ∠ADC?
(d) Find the angles of triangle ∠AOC
(e) If the diametre of the circle is 10 cm then find the length of the chord AC
Answer:
(a) In triangle OAB. OA = OB. Angles opposite to the equal sides are equal. Similarly in the case of triangle OBC also.
∠ABC = 20 + 10 = 30°
(b) ∠AOC = 2 × 30 = 60°
(c) ∠ADC= 180 – 30 = 150°
(d) Triangle AOC, OA = OC. ∠OAC = ∠OCA = \(\frac{180-60}{2}\) = 60°
∆OAC is an equilateral triangle. Angles are 60° each.
(e) OA = AC = OC = 5cm, radius 5cm.

Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2

Question 23.
In the figure O is the centre of the circle. If angle ADC = 140°, angle 4EC= 60°then B
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 15
(a) What is the measeure of ∠APC and ∠AQC
(b) What is the measure of angle AOC?
(c) Fnd the angles of the quadrlateral PEQB
Answer:
(a) ∠APC= 180-140 = 40°, ∠AQC = 40°
(b) ∠AOC = 2 × 40 = 80°
(c) In the quadrilateral ∠AEQ = ∠AEC = 60°, ∠EPB = 180 – 40 = 140°, ∠EQB = 140° ∠PBQ = 360 – (140 + 140 + 60) = 20.
Angles are 140°, 60°, 140°, 20°

Question 24.
In the figure O is the centre of the circle, then
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 16
(a) What kind of triangle is OAC?
(b) What is the measure of angle ABC?
(c) What is the measure of angle ADC?
(d) If the radius of the circle is 6 cm then what is the length of the chord AC.
Answer:
(a) OA = OC, ∠OAC = ∠OCA = 45°, ∠AOC = 90° ∆OAC is an isosceles right triangle
(b) ∠ABC = – AOC = 45°
(c) ∠ADC = 180 – 45 = 135°
(d) AC = \(\sqrt{6^2+6^2}=6 \sqrt{2}\) cm

Question 25.
ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC, ∠ABC= 50°.
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 17
(a) Name two cyclic quadrilaterals in this picture.
(b) What is the measure of angle D?
(c) What is the measure of ∠BEC?
Answer:
(a) Quadrilateral ABEC and quadrilateral DBESare cyclic.
(b) ∠ABC = ∠ACB = 50“
∴ ∠A = 180 – 100 = 80°
∠D = 80°
(c) ∠BEC = 180 – 80 = 100°

Question 26.
ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. AB is the diametre of the circle. AD = CD and ∠ADC = 130°.
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 18
(a) What is the measure of ∠ACB?
(b) What is the measure of ∠ABC?
(c) Find ∠DCB.
(d) What is the measure of ∠BAD?
Answer:
(a) ∠ACB = 90° (Angle in the semicircle)
(b) ∠ABC = 180 – 130 = 50°
(c) Since CD = AD,ihe angles opposite to the equal sides of triangle ADC are equal.
∠DCA = 25°, ∠DCS = 90 + 25 = 115°
(d) ∠BAD = 180 – 115 = 65°

Question 27.
Prove that any cyclic parallelogram is a rectangle.
Answer:
ABCD is a parallelogram .(Draw rough figure)

Opposite angles are equal.
∠A = ∠C, ∠B = ∠D

Sum of the opposite angles is 180°
∠A + ∠C = 180°, ∠A – ∠C
∴ ∠A = 90°, ∠C = 90°
∠B + ∠D = 180°, ∠B = ∠D
∠B = 90°, ∠D = 90°
ABCD is a square

Question 28.
In triangle ABC, AB = AC. P and Q are the mid points of the side AB and AC.
(a) Draw a rough diagram and join the points P and Q.
(b) Prove that BPQC is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(c) If ∠A in triangle ABC is 20°, find the angles of the trapezium BPQC
Answer:
(a) Figure
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 19
(b) Since AB = AC, ∠B = ∠C .
Line joining the mid points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side. PQ is parallel to SC.
In PBCQ, ∠B + ∠P = 180° (co interior angles)
Since ∠C = ∠S, ∠C + ∠P = 180°
PQCB is a cyclic quadrilateral

(c) ∠A = 20°
∠B = ∠C = \(\frac{180-20}{2}\) = 80°
∠B + ∠P = 180°, ∠S = 100°, ∠Q = 100°
Angles are ∠P = 100°, ∠Q = 100°,
∠B = 80°, ∠C = 80°

Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2

Question 29.
In the figure SD = CD, ∠DSC = 25°
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 20
(a) What is the measure of ∠BDC?
(b) What is the measure of ∠BAC?
(c) What is the measure of ∠EBC?
Answer:
(a) In triangle BDC, SD = CD.
Angle opposite to these sides are equal. ∠BCD = 25°
∠BOC = 180 – (25 + 25) = 130°
(b) ∠BAC= 180 – 130 = 50°
(c) ∠EBC = ∠BAC = 50 °, ∠ESC
= 180 – (90 + 50)
= 180 – 140
= 40°

Question 30.
Two circles intersect at S and E as in the figure. The points A – B – C are along a line. Also the points D – E – F are also on a line
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 21
(a) Prove that AD is parallel to CF
(b) If AC = DF suggest a suitable name to the quadrilateral ADFC
(c) Prove that ADFC is a cyclic quadrilateral.
Answer:
Circles and Angles Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 2 22
(a) Draw BE. ABED is a cyclic quadrilateral.
If ∠DAB = x then ∠BED = 180 – x,
∠BEF = 180 – (180 – x) = x.
BEFC is cyclic. ∠C = 180 – x.
In quadrilateral ADFC,
∠A + ∠C = x + 180 – x = 180°
Co interior angle sum is 180°.
AD is parallel to CF

(b) ADFC is a trapezium.
Since AC = DF is an isosceles trapezium.

(c) Angles at the ends of parallel sides of an isosceles trapezium are equal.
Since ∠A = ∠D and ∠A + ∠C = 180° then ∠D + ∠C = 180°
ADFC is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Question 31.
AB is the diametre of the circle. CD is a chord of length equal to radius of the circle.
(a) What is the measure of ∠COD?
(b) What is the measure of ∠CBD?
(c) What is the measure of ∠BCF?
(d) Find the measure of ∠CPD
Answer:
(a) Draw OC, OD, OCD is an equilateral traingle.
∠COD = 60°

(b) ∠CBD = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 60 = 30°

(c) ∠BCA = 90° (angle in the semicircle).
∴ BCP = 90°.

(d) In traingle BCP,
∠CPD = ∠CPB
= 180-(90 + 30)
= 60°

Arithmetic Sequences Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 1

Students often refer to SSLC Maths Textbook Solutions and Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Arithmetic Sequences Important Extra Questions and Answers Kerala State Syllabus to clear their doubts.

SSLC Maths Chapter 1 Arithmetic Sequences Important Questions and Answers

Arithmetic Sequences Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala Syllabus

Arithmetic Sequences Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Extra Questions

Question 1.
x, y, z are the three consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence. Which of the following is correct?
(a) y = x + z
(b) 2y = x + z
(c) y = x – z
(d ) x = y + z
Answer:
(b) 2y = x + z

Question 2.
The first three digit term of the arithmetic sequence 1, 6, 11, 16 …….. is
(a) 101
(b) 102
(c) 100
(d) 103
Answer:
(a) 101

Question 3.
13th term of an arithmetic sequence is 20. What is the sum of Is’ and 25s’ term?
(a) 30
(b) 50
(c) 40
(d) 20
Answer:
(c) 40

Question 4.
Distance from 10” term to 15:,: term is 11. What is the distance from 10;- term to 20,r- term?
(a) 33
(b) 10
(c) 22
(d) 20
Answer:
(c) 22

Question 5.
The position at which 100 becomes a term of the sequence \(\frac{1}{7}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{3}{7}\)
(a) 100
(b) 300
(c) 700
(d) 200
Answer:
(c) 700

Question 6.
a, a – 1, a – 2, a – 3 is an arithmetic sequence.
a) What is the common difference of the sequence ?
b) What is its 10th term?
Answer:
a) Common difference = – 1
b) a – 9

Arithmetic Sequences Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 1

Question 7.
10th term of an arithmetic sequence is 25 and its common difference 4
a) What is the 15th term?
b) What is the 5th term?
Answer:
a) 15th term = 10th term + 5 × common difference
= 25 + 5 × 4 = 45

b) 5th term = 10th term – 5 × common difference = 25 – 20 = 5

Question 8.
Sum of the 7 consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence is 119.
a) Which term comes in the middle of these 7 terms?
b) What is the sum of two terms on either side of the middle term just closer to it?
Answer:
a) -y = 17
b) 2 × 17 = 34

Question 9.
Common difference of an arithmetic sequence is \(\frac{1}{2}\)
a) What is the difference between 5th term and 15th term?
b) If 5th term is 20 then what is the first term of the sequence?
Answer:
a) Difference is 10 times common difference. It is 10 × \(\frac{1}{2}\) = 5
b) First term = 5th term – 4 times common difference = 20 – 4 × \(\frac{1}{2}\) = 18

Question 10.
□ , 10, □ , □ , 31 are five consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence.
a) What is the common difference ?
b) Write the terms in the boxes.
Answer:
a) Difference between second term and fifth term is three times common difference
3 × common difference = 31 – 10 = 21
Common difference is \(\frac{21}{3}\) = 7

b) 3, 10, 17, 24, 31

Question 11.
Angles of a right triangle are in arithmetic sequence.
a) Which angle comes in the middle?
b) What are the angles?
Answer:
a) Middle term = \(\frac{180}{3}\) = 60
b) Largest term (third angle )= 90°. So common difference is 30°
Angles are 30°, 60°, 90°

Question 12.
Angle sum of a pentagon is 540? .The angles when arranged in the ascending order makes an arithmetic sequence.
a) Which angle comes as the middle term of the sequence?
b) If the first term is 42° then what is the difference between two adjacent terms?
Answer:
a) Middle term of the arithmetic sequence is \(\frac{540}{5}\) = 108
Middle angle is 108°

b) Difference between first term and third term is two times common difference It is 108 – 42 = 66.
Common difference is 33.

Question 13.
Common difference of an arithmetic sequence is 10
a) What is the difference between sixth term and first term?
b) Write two term positions having the same difference.
Answer:
a) Difference between sixth term and first term is five times common difference.
It is 5 × 10 = 50

b) Difference 7th term – 2nd term, 8th term – 3rd term gives the same difference.

Question 14.
Sum of the first five terms of an arithmetic sequence and sum of the first eight terms of the same arithmetic sequence are equal.
a) What is the sum of sixth, seventh and eighth terms of the sequence ?
b) What is the seventh term?
Answer:
a) 70 – 70 = 0
b) Sum of sixth , seventh , eighth term is 0. So 7th term is \(\frac{0}{3}\) = 0

Question 15.
√2, √8, √18… is an arithmetic sequence
a) What is the common difference?
b) What is the difference between first term and eleventh term?
Answer:
a) Common difference is √8 – √2 = 2√2 – √2 = √2
b) Difference is ten times common difference. It is 10√2

Question 16.
Look at the sequence of squares
Arithmetic Sequences Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 1 1
a) Write the number of sticks used for making squares as sequence
b) Describe the sequence in your own words
c) How many sticks are needed to make 1O’* term?
Answer:
a) 4, 7, 10…
b) This is the sequence of numbers 1 more than multiple of 3
c) 3 × 10 + 1 = 31

Question 17.
This the sequence of triangles made by sticks
Arithmetic Sequences Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 1 2
a) Write the number of sticks used for making triangles as a sequence
b) Describe this sequence in your own words.
c) How many sticks are needed to make 50th term of the sequence?
Answer:
a) 3, 5, 7…
b) This is the sequence of numbers 1 more than multiple of 2
c) 2 × 50 + 1 = 101

Question 18.
Third term of an arithmetic sequence is 12 and its fifth term20
a) What is the common difference?
b) What is the first term ?
c) Write the sequence numerically
Answer:
a) Difference between fifth term and third term is two times common difference.
2 × common difference = 20 – 12 = 8, Common difference = 4
b) First term = third term – 2 common difference = 12 – 8 = 4
c) 4, 8, 12…

Question 19.
The 4th term of an.arithmetic sequence is 54 and its 9th term is 99.
(a) What is the common difference of the sequence ?
(b) Will the difference between any two terms of this sequence be 900 ? Why ?
Answer:
a) Difference between ninth term and fourth term is five times common difference.
5 times common difference = 99 – 54 = 45, common difference is 9

(b) We know that difference between two terms of an arithmetic sequence is a multiple of common difference.
Here 900 is the multiple of 9. So 900 can be the difference between two terms.

Question 20.
The sum of 1st and 19th terms of an arithmetic se-quence is 50. The sum of its 1st and 20th terms is 54.
a) What is the common difference of the sequence ?
b) What is the sum of its 7th and 13th terms ?
c) Find its 10th term.
Answer:
a) Common difference = 54 – 50 = 4
b) Sum of 7th and 13th term is 50
c) Tenth term is = \(\frac{50}{2}\) = 25

Question 21.
700 rupees is used for purchasing 7 prizes . Cost of each prize is 20 rupees more than the cost of the prize just below it.
a) What is the cost of fourth prize?
b) What is the cost of first prize?
c) Write costs of prizes in the decending order.
Answer:
a) Fourth term = 100
b) First prize is 3 × 20 more than fourth term. It is 100 + 3 × 30= 16
c) 160, 140, 120, 100, 80, 60, 40

Arithmetic Sequences Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 1

Question 22.
5th term of an arithmetic sequence is 10 and 10th term is 5.
a) What is the common difference of the sequence?
b) Find the first term?
c) What is its 15th term?
Answer:
a) Difference between 10th term and 5th term is five times common difference.
5 – 10 = 5 common difference
common difference = \(\frac{-5}{5}\) = -1 5
b) First term = 10 – 4 × -1 = 14
c) Fifteenth term = tenth term + 5 × common difference = 5 + -1 × 5 = 0

Question 23.
7th term of an arithmetic Sequence is 30 and common difference 3
a) What is its 13th term ?
b) What is its first term?
c) What is the sum of first 13 terms?
Answer:
7th term of an arithmetic Sequence is 30 and common difference 3
a) 13th term = seventh term + six times common difference
13th term = 30 + 6 × 3 = 48

b) First term + thireenth term = 2 × 7 th term = 60
First term = 60 – 48 = 12
OR
First term = seventh term -6 times common difference = 12

c) Sum of the first 13 terms = 390

Question 24.
Angles of a pentagon are in arithmetic sequence when arranged in the ascending order. First term is 42°
a) What is its middle term?
b) What is the difference between two adjacent terms?
c) Find the largest term of the pentagon
Answer:
a) Angle sum of a pentagon (n – 2) × 180
= 3 × 180 = 540
Middle term = \(\frac{540}{5}\) = 108

b) Difference between third term and first term is two times common difference
2 × common difference = 108 – 42 = 66,
Common difference = 33
c) Fifth term = 108 + 2 × 33 = 108 + 66 = 174
Angles are 42°, 75°, 108°, 141°, 174°

Question 25.
Eight consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence are written as pairs taking terms equidistant from both ends (9, 58), (16, 51), (23,44), (30, 37)
a) What is the common difference of the sequence ?
b) What is the sum of these terms?
Answer:
a) 6th and 5th terms are paired as (30, 37). Common difference is 3
b) Pair sum 67. Sum of terms = 4 × 67 = 268

Question 26.
Consider the arithmetic sequence 4, 7, 10…
(a) What is its 13th term ?
(b) What is the sum of its first 25 terms ?
(c) Find the sum of first 25 terms of the arithmetic sequence 8, 14, 20
Answer:
Consider the arithmetic sequence 4, 7, 10…
(a) Thirteenth term = first term + 14 times common difference
13th term = 4 + 12 × 3 = 40
(b) Sum of first 25 terms = thireenth term × 25 = 40 × 25 = 1000
(c) Each term is two times the terms of the first sequence
Sum = 2 × 1000 = 2000

Question 27.
The sum of the first 5 terms of an arithmetic sequence is 65 and the sum of the first 9 terms is 189.
a) What is the 3rd term of the sequence ?
b) What is the 5th term of the sequence ?
c) What is the common difference of the sequence ?
Answer:
a) Third term = \(\frac{65}{5}\) = 13
b) Fifth term = \(\frac{189}{9}\) = 21
c) 2 × common difference = 21 – 13 = 8, Common difference is 4

Question 28.
7th term of an arithmetic sequence is 18 and its 18th term is 7.
a) What is the common difference of the sequence ?
b) Find the 25th term of the sequence.
c) What is the sum of first 49 terms of the sequence ?
d) What is the sum of first 50 terms of the sequence ?
Answer:
7 th term of an arithmetic sequence is 18 and its 18th term is 7.
a) 18th term – 7th term = 11 times common difference 7 – 18 = 11 × common difference,
Common difference = – 1

b) 25th term = 18th term + 7 times common difference. It is 7 + 7 × – 1 = 0

c) 25th term is 0. Sum of first 49 terms = 0

d) 50th term = 25th term + 25 times common difference. It is 0 + 25 × -1 = -25
Sum of 50 terms = sum of 49 terms + 50th term = 0 + -25 = -25

Question 29.
There are 20 terms in an arithmetic sequence. Sum of the first and last terms is 67.
a) What is the sum of 2nd and 19th term ?
b) If the 10th term is 32, What is the 11th term ?
c) What is the common difference of the sequence ?
d) What is the first term ?
Answer:
a) 67
b)35
c) 3
d) 5

Arithmetic Sequences Class 10 Extra Questions Kerala State Syllabus Maths Chapter 1

Question 30.
The sum of first 9 terms of an arithmetic sequence is 144 and the sum of next 6 terms is 231.
a) What is the 5th term of the sequence ?
b) What is its 81th term ?
c) What is the common difference of the sequence?
Answer:
Solve the problem yourself.
Sum of first 9 terms is 144 . From this find its 5th term Sum of first 15 terms will be 144 + 231 = 375. Find 8th term.
Using 5th term and 8th term find the common difference

കെത്തളു Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Adisthana Padavali

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Class 10 Malayalam Kethalu Summary

Kethalu Class 10 Summary

Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali Unit 2 Chapter 3 കെത്തളു Summary

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സുകുമാരൻ ചാലിഗദ്ധ : വയനാട്ടിലെ ആദിവാസി സമൂഹത്തിൽ നിന്നുയർന്നുവന്ന ശ്രദ്ധേയ നായ കവി. റാവുള ഭാഷയിലും മലയാളത്തിലും കവിതയെഴുതുന്നു. കേരളസാഹിത്യ അക്കാ ദമി ജനറൽ കൗൺസിൽ അംഗമാണ്. മലയാള കവിതയിലേക്ക് ഗോത്രഭാഷയുടെ ചൂടും ചൂരും കൊണ്ടുവന്ന കവിയാണിദ്ദേഹം. കാട്ടുപക്ഷി, വളവിൽമാരൻ, കൊക്കര, ഇപ്പം പേരില്ല, തെറ് കുതിര, ഇടിമുട്ടി, കൂ………. കൂ……….. കൂ …… ഏട്ടക്കൂരി മുതലായവയാണ് പ്രസിദ്ധകവിതകൾ.

സുകുമാരൻ ചാലിദ്ധയും ഗോത്രകവിതകളും

വരികളിലൂടെ വർണാഭമായ ഒരു ജീവിതം തേടിയാണ് സുകുമാരൻ ചാലിഗദ്ധയാത്ര തുടങ്ങുന്ന ത്. ആദിവാസികൾക്ക് കവികളില്ലെങ്കിലും കവിതകളുണ്ട്. ഗായകരില്ലെങ്കിലും പാട്ടുകളുണ്ട്. ഈ കവിതകളും പാട്ടുകളുമാണ് സുകുമാരനെ ആകർഷിച്ചത്. പട്ടിണിയിലും, ലഹരിയിലും തച്ചുത കർക്കപ്പെട്ട ജീവിതങ്ങൾ ചുറ്റുപാടും വെന്തുരുകുമ്പോൾ കവിതയിലൂടെ ജീവിതത്തിന് വർണ ങ്ങൾ പ്രദാനം ചെയ്യുകയാണ് സുകുമാരൻ. കലയും സാഹിത്യവും ആദിവാസികൾക്ക് അത പഥ്യമുള്ള കാര്യങ്ങളല്ല. കവിതയെഴുതിയാലോ പാട്ടുപാടിയാലോ ഊരിലെ പഞ്ഞം മാറുമോ എന്നവർ ചോദിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്. ഉന്നതവിദ്യാഭ്യാസം നേടാനൊന്നും സുകുമാരന് കഴിഞ്ഞില്ലെങ്കിലും കവിതയിലൂടെ കുതറിപ്പറക്കാനും പുതിയ ആകാശങ്ങൾ സൃഷ്ടിക്കാനും ഈ കവി കഠിനമായി പ്രയത്നിച്ചു. അങ്ങനെ അദ്ദേഹം നൂറുകണക്കിന് കവിതകൾ എഴുതി കൂട്ടി. ആദിവാസി ജീവിത ത്തിന്റെ വിവിധ ബിംബങ്ങളാണ് ഈ കവിതകളിൽ കാണുന്നത്. പ്ലസ് ടുവരെ മലയാളം പഠി ക്കാൻ സാധിച്ചതുകൊണ്ട് ഗോത്രഭാഷയായ റാവുളയോടൊപ്പം മലയാളത്തിലും സുകുമാരൻ എഴുതാറുണ്ട്. നമ്മുടെ പാഠ്യഭാഗമായ ‘ഏട്ടക്കൂരി’ റാവുള ഭാഷയിലും മലയാളഭാഷയിലും ചേർത്തി ട്ടുള്ളത് ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുമല്ലോ.

കെത്തളു Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Adisthana Padavali

പാഠസംഗ്രഹം

കേളു അഥവാ ഏട്ടക്കൂരി ഗോത്രഭാഷയിലെഴുതിയ കവിതയാണ്. പ്രത്യേകിച്ച് ആദിമധ്യാന്ത പൊരുത്ത മുള്ളതും തുടർച്ചയായ ആശയങ്ങളുള്ളതുമായ കവിതയൊന്നുമല്ല ഇത്. ആദിവാസിയുടെ ആത്മാവിഷ്കാരം മാത്രമാണത്. ആനയോട് ഈ കവിക്ക് ഏറെ ആഭിമുഖ്യമുണ്ട്. ആനയെക്കുറിച്ച് വേറെയും കവിതകൾ ഇദ്ദേഹം എഴുതിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.

ഏട്ടക്കൂരി എന്ന കവിത ആരംഭിക്കുന്നതും ആനയുടെ പ്രസവം സൂചിപ്പിച്ചുകൊണ്ടാണ്. ചോലക്കാട്ടിൽ കാണ പ്പെടുന്ന നീർക്കാക്ക (കുളക്കോഴി) മുങ്ങാംകുഴിയിടുമ്പോൾ മീനുകൾ രക്ഷതേടി കരയോടടുത്തു നിരന്ന് നിൽക്കു ന്നു. മരത്തിൽ പടർന്നിരിക്കുന്ന മരവാഴയുടെ പൂക്കൾ അവ തലയിലണിയാൻ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്ന സ്ത്രീകളെ അന്വേഷിക്കുകയാണ്. കല്ലുന്തി മീനുകൾ വെള്ളത്തിൽ മുങ്ങാങ്കുഴിയിടുന്നു. നരസിപ്പുഴയിലെ കല്ലുകൾ വെള്ള ത്തിന്റെ നിരന്തരമായ ഒഴുക്കിൽപ്പെട്ടു നരച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പൊൻകുഴിപ്പുഴയുടെ തീരങ്ങൾ സ്വർണഖനികളായി. കൈതപ്പൂക്കൾ കാറ്റിലാടി. മുയലുകൾ കാട്ടിലെ പുല്ലിനിടയിൽ കുരുങ്ങിക്കിടന്നു. പുഴയിലൂടെ കുറുകെ കട ക്കുന്ന വാളമീനിനും, കരയ്ക്ക് കുറുകെ ചാടുന്ന ഏട്ടക്കൂരിക്കും ഏറെ ഭംഗിയുണ്ട്.

മലകൾ നശിച്ചുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഇടിഞ്ഞുമറിഞ്ഞ കല്ലുകളെല്ലാം മണ്ണൊലിച്ച് വെളുത്തനിറത്തിലുള്ള രക്തം ഛർദ്ദിക്കുന്നു. ഞാൻ ഓടിച്ചാടി നടന്ന കല്ലുകളെല്ലാം ഇപ്പോൾ അങ്ങാടിയിലെത്തി. ഞാൻ കുട്ടിക്കാലത്ത് ഇരുന്ന മരത്തിലെല്ലാം ഇന്ന് കാൽ വഴുതും. ഏഴുപുഴകൾ ചാടിക്കടന്നിട്ടും ഏട്ടക്കൂരിക്ക് പഴയ പടി തിരിച്ചുപോരേണ്ടി വന്നു. ഊത്തക്കാലത്ത് (പ്രജനനകാലത്ത്) പോലും മീനുകൾക്ക് രക്ഷയില്ലാത്ത അവസ്ഥയാണ്. ആശയങ്ങൾക്ക് തുടർച്ചയോ ഏകാതാനതയോ ഇല്ലെങ്കിലും സുകുമാരൻ അവതരിപ്പിക്കുന്നത് അവരുടെ വർഗം അനുഭവിക്കുന്ന സമകാലിക പ്രശ്നങ്ങളാണ്.

കെത്തളു Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Adisthana Padavali

കഠിന പദങ്ങളും അർഥവും

പെറ്റുബൂന്ത = പെറ്റു വീണ
ഗുണ്ട് = കുഴി
ഗുണ്ടില = കുഴിയിലെ
കല്ലുഗേരി = കല്ലുകേറി (കല്ലുന്തി)
ബെളുത്ത = വെളുത്ത
ഏവുമല = ഏഴുമല
രച്ചെ = രക്ഷ
കാണി = ഇല്ല

ആനന്ദാശ്രുക്കൾ Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Adisthana Padavali

Students can use SSLC Malayalam Adisthana Padavali Notes Unit 2 Chapter 2 ആനന്ദാശ്രുക്കൾ Anandashrukkal Summary in Malayalam Pdf to grasp the key points of a lengthy text.

Class 10 Malayalam Anandashrukkal Summary

Anandashrukkal Class 10 Summary

Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali Unit 2 Chapter 2 ആനന്ദാശ്രുക്കൾ Summary

ഗ്രന്ഥകാരപരിചയം
ആനന്ദാശ്രുക്കൾ Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali 1
മലയാളത്തിലെ പ്രശസ്തയായ നോവലിസ്റ്റ്. ജനനം 1934 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 14 ന്. 1969 ൽ ആദ്യനോവൽ ‘ജീവിതമെന്ന നദി’ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചു. അസ്തമയം, വെള്ളിരേഖകൾ, അർച്ചന, മുറി പ്പാടുകൾ, പവിഴമുത്ത്, കെടാത്ത കൈത്തിരി, നാർമടിപ്പുടവ, മുതലായ നോവലു കളും ഇണങ്ങാത്ത മുഖങ്ങൾ, ഒറ്റപ്പെട്ട നിമിഷങ്ങൾ, സാറാതോമസിന്റെ കഥകൾ, തെളിയാത്ത കൈരേഖകൾ മുതലായ കഥാസമാഹാരങ്ങളും പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. അസ്തമയം, പവിഴമുത്ത്, അർച്ചന, മുറിപ്പാടുകൾ എന്നീ കൃതികൾ സിനിമയാക്കി യിട്ടുണ്ട്. മുറിപ്പാടുകൾ എന്ന നോവലിന്റെ ചലച്ചിത്രാവിഷ്ക്കാരമായ മണിമുഴക്ക ത്തിന് സംസ്ഥാന ദേശീയ അവാർഡുകൾ ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാ ഡമി അവാർഡ് നേടിയ നോവലാണ് നാർമടിപ്പുടവ. 2023 ൽ തിരുവനന്തപുരത്ത് വച്ച് സാറാ തോമസ് അന്തരിച്ചു.

ആനന്ദാശ്രുക്കൾ Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali

പാഠസംഗ്രഹം

സാറാതോമസിന്റെ ‘മുറിപ്പാടുകൾ’ എന്ന നോവലിലെ ഒരു അദ്ധ്യായമാണ് “ആനന്ദാശുക്കൾ’ എന്ന പാഠഭാ ഗം. അനാഥബാല്യങ്ങളുടെ കഥയാണ് ഈ അദ്ധ്യായത്തിൽ നോവലിസ്റ്റ് പറയുന്നത്. ജോസ് എന്ന ബാലനാണ് ഈ നോവൽ ഭാഗത്തെ മുഖ്യകഥാപാത്രം. അവന്റെ മാതാപിതാക്കളെപ്പറ്റി അവന് ഒരറിവും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല. അഞ്ച് വയസ്സ് വരെ കർമ്മലീത്താ കന്യാസ്ത്രീകൾ നടത്തുന്ന ലിറ്റിൽ ഫ്ളവർ ഓർഫനേജിലാണ് അവൻ കഴി ഞ്ഞിരുന്നത്. സ്നേഹ സമ്പന്നയായ സിസ്റ്റർ തെരീസയുടെ പരിചരണത്തിൽ അഞ്ചുവയസ്സ് കഴിഞ്ഞപ്പോൾ നിയമപ്രകാരം അവനെ പട്ടണത്തിൽ നിന്നും അകന്നു മാറിയുളള ആൺകുട്ടികൾക്കായുളള ഓർഫനേജിലേക്ക് മാറ്റി. ഒരു കുടുംബത്തിലുളള അംഗങ്ങളെപ്പോലെ നൂറിലധികം കുട്ടികൾ അവിടെ ഒരുമിച്ച് കഴിയുന്നു. മണിമു ഴക്കത്തിനനുസരിച്ച് ചിട്ടപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്ന ഒരു ജീവിതമായിരുന്നു ജോസിനും കൂട്ടർക്കും അവിടെ ലഭിച്ചത്. ഊണും, പഠനവും, ആരാ ധനയുമെല്ലാം മണി മുഴക്കത്തിന് അനുസരിച്ച് തന്നെ. അനാഥാലയ ത്തിലെ നിയന്ത്രണത്തിൽ ജോസ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുളള കുട്ടികൾക്ക് വല്യ പരാതിയൊന്നും ഇല്ലായിരുന്നു.
ആനന്ദാശ്രുക്കൾ Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali 2

ജോസിനുണ്ടായിരുന്ന ഏറ്റവും വലിയ ദുഃഖം കുടുംബജീവി തത്തിലെ സ്നേഹവാത്സല്യങ്ങൾ തനിക്ക് ലഭിക്കുന്നില്ലല്ലോ എന്നതായിരുന്നു. സ്കൂളിലെ കൂട്ടുകാർ തങ്ങളുടെ കുടുംബജീവി തത്തിലെ സന്തോഷങ്ങൾ ജോസിനോട് പറയുമ്പോൾ അവന് വലിയ നഷ്ടബോധം തോന്നിയിരുന്നു. അനാഥനെന്ന് സഹപാഠികൾ അവനെ വിളിക്കുന്നത് അവന് ഏറ്റവും അസഹ്യമായിരുന്നു.

വൈകുന്നേരങ്ങളിൽ കൂട്ടുകാരൊടൊപ്പം കളിക്കാതെ ചിന്താ മൂകനായി അവൻ ഒറ്റയ്ക്കിരിക്കാറുണ്ട്. ഈ അവസരത്തിൽ അവനെ സമാധാനിപ്പിക്കുകയും, അവനാവശ്യമായ പിന്തുണ നൽകുകയും ചെയ്തിരുന്നത് ഫാദർ ഫ്രാൻസിസ് ആണ്. അശരണരുടെയും, അനാഥരുടെയും ആശ്രയ കേന്ദ്രമായ യേശു ക്രിസ്തുവിൽ മനസ്സ് അർപ്പിക്കാൻ ഫാദർ അവനെ ഉപദേശിക്കാറുണ്ട്. അവൻ യേശുവിന്റെ ക്രൂശിത രൂപത്തിന് മുമ്പിൽ ശരണം പ്രാപിച്ചു. അവന്റെ വേദനകളും നിരാശകളും യേശുവുമായി പങ്കിട്ടു. തനിക്ക് പഠിച്ചുയരുവാനു ളള മാർഗ്ഗം കാട്ടി തരണേയെന്നാണ് അവൻ മുഖ്യമായും പ്രാർത്ഥിച്ചിരുന്നത്. തനിക്ക് സ്കൂൾ ഫൈനൽ പരീക്ഷയിൽ ഫസ്റ്റ് ക്ലാസ് കിട്ടണേയെന്നായിരുന്നു അവൻ നിരന്തരം പ്രാർത്ഥിച്ചത്.

റിസൾട്ട് വരുന്ന ദിവസം ജോസ് നേരത്തെ തന്നെ പ്രഭാത കർമ്മങ്ങളൊക്കെ കഴിഞ്ഞ് ചാപ്പലിലെത്തി. പ്രഭാത പ്രാർത്ഥനയ്ക്ക് ശേഷം പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയപ്പോൾ ഫാ: ഫ്രാൻസിസ് അവന് ഫസ്റ്റ് ക്ലാസ് കിട്ടിയ വിവരം അറിയിച്ചു. തന്റെ ഭാവിയെപ്പറ്റിയായി പിന്നീട് ജോസിന്റെ ആകാംക്ഷ. അത് മനസ്സിലാക്കിയിട്ടെന്നവണ്ണം അവന്റെ തുടർപഠനത്തിനായുളള എല്ലാ ഏർപ്പാടുകളും ചെയ്യുമെന്ന് ഫാദർ ഫ്രാൻസിസ് വ്യക്തമാക്കുന്നു. ഇക്കാര്യ ത്തിൽ ഫാദർ ജോസഫിന്റെ പിന്തുണയും ഉണ്ടാകുമെന്നറിഞ്ഞപ്പോൾ അവൻ ആഹ്ലാദിച്ചു.

ഫാദർ ഫ്രാൻസിസിന് മകനോടെന്ന പോലെയുളള ഒരടുപ്പം ജോസിനോടുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. അവനെ ചങ്ങനാ ശ്ശേരി സെന്റ് പീറ്റേഴ്സ് കോളേജിൽ ചേർത്ത് പഠിപ്പിക്കാമെന്ന് ഫാദർ വാക്കുകൊടുത്തു. ഹോസ്റ്റൽ ചിലവു കളും വഹിക്കാൻ ഫാദർ തയ്യാറായിരുന്നു. തന്റെ ഏറ്റവും അടുത്ത സുഹൃത്തായ പീറ്ററിനോട് തന്റെ പരീക്ഷാ ഫലത്തെ കുറിച്ചും, ഭാവി പരിപാടിയെക്കുറിച്ചും ജോസ് പറയുന്നു. രണ്ട് പേരും സന്തോഷിക്കുന്നു. ഇങ്ങനെയാണ് പാഠഭാഗം അവസാനിക്കുന്നത്.

ആനന്ദാശ്രുക്കൾ Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali

കഠിന പദങ്ങളും അർഥവും

കർമലീത്ത കന്യാസ്ത്രീകൾ = കത്തോലിക്കാസഭയുടെ ഒരു ഉപവിഭാഗമാണ് കർമലീത്ത സഭ
ദിനചര്യ = ദിവസവുമുള്ള പ്രവൃത്തി
മ്ലാനത = വാട്ടം
മനഃപീഡ = മനോദുഃഖം
മുട്ടിപ്പായി പ്രാർത്ഥിക്കുക = മുട്ടിൻ മേൽ ഇരുന്നു കൊ ണ്ടുള്ള പ്രാർത്ഥന
സുസ്മേരവദനൻ = ചിരിച്ചമുഖത്തോടു കൂടിയ വൻ
ആനന്ദാശ്ര = ആനന്ദം കൊണ്ടുള്ള കണ്ണു നീർ
കാല = പ്രഭാതത്തിൽ
ക്രൂശിതരൂപം = കുരിശിൽ തറയ്ക്കപ്പെട്ട രൂപം

വിഷുക്കണി Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Adisthana Padavali

Students can use SSLC Malayalam Adisthana Padavali Notes Unit 2 Chapter 1 വിഷുക്കണി Vishukkani Summary in Malayalam Pdf to grasp the key points of a lengthy text.

Class 10 Malayalam Vishukkani Summary

Vishukkani Class 10 Summary

Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali Unit 2 Chapter 1 വിഷുക്കണി Summary

ഗ്രന്ഥകാരപരിചയം
വിഷുക്കണി Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali 1
കാൽപ്പനികതയുടെ പിടിയിലമർന്നിരുന്ന മലയാളകവിതയെ മോചിപ്പിച്ച് പുതിയൊരു കാവ്യസംസ്ക്കാരത്തിന് വിത്തുപാകിയ ആധുനിക കവി യാണ് വൈലോപ്പിള്ളി ശ്രീധരമേനാൻ, 1911 മെയ് 11 ന് എറണാകുളത്തെ കലൂരിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ജനിച്ചു. എഴുതി തുടങ്ങിയപ്പോൾ “ശ്രീ’ എന്ന തൂലി കാനാമം സ്വീകരിച്ചു. ജന്തുശാസ്ത്രം മുഖ്യവിഷയമായി പഠിച്ച അദ്ദേഹം ഹൈസ്ക്കൂൾ അദ്ധ്യാപകനായി ജോലി ചെയ്തു. പുരോഗമന കലാ സാഹിത്യ സംഘത്തിന്റെ ആദ്യകാല പ്രവർത്തകനായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം. 1947 ൽ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച “കന്നിക്കൊയ്ത്ത്’ ആണ് ആദ്യ കവിതാസമാ ഹാരം. യുക്തിചിന്ത, ശാസ്ത്രീയത, പുരോഗമന ചിന്ത, നവലോകത്തെ ക്കുറിച്ചുളള സ്വപ്നം തുടങ്ങിയവയാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കവിതകളുടെ സവിശേഷതകൾ. കന്നിക്കൊയ്ത്ത്, ശ്രീരേഖ, കുടിയൊഴിക്കൽ, ഓണ പാട്ടുകാർ, കുന്നിമണികൾ, കുരുവികൾ കടൽക്കാക്കകൾ, കയ്പവല്ലരി, വിട, മകരക്കൊയ്ത്ത് മുതലായവയാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കവിതാ സമാഹാരങ്ങൾ.

വിഷുക്കണി Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali

പാഠസംഗ്രഹം

വിഷുക്കണി എന്ന പേരിലുളള വൈലോപ്പിള്ളിയുടെ രണ്ടാമത്തെ കവിതയാണ് നമ്മുടെ പാഠഭാഗം. ലോകത്ത് നടമാടുന്ന അസമത്വവും ദാരിദ്ര്യവും, കുട്ടിയായിരിക്കുമ്പോൾ തന്നെ വൈലോപ്പിള്ളിയുടെ ഹൃദയത്തിലുണ്ടാ ക്കുന്ന അസ്വസ്ഥതയും വേദനയും പ്രതിഫലിക്കുന്ന കവിതയാണിത്.
വിഷുക്കണി Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali 2
വിഷു നമ്മുടെ കാർഷികോത്സവമാണ്. കേരളത്തിലെ ഇട ത്തരം, സമ്പന്ന തറവാടുകളിലൊക്കെ വിഷുക്കണിയൊരുക്കിവച്ച് കുട്ടികളെ വിളിച്ചുണർത്തി കണ്ണുപൊത്തിക്കൊണ്ടു പോയി കണി കാണിക്കുന്ന ഒരു സമ്പ്രദായമുണ്ട്. വൈലോപ്പിള്ളി ശ്രീധരമേ നോനെ അമ്മ ഒരിക്കൽ വിഷുക്കണി കാണിക്കാൻ കൊണ്ടുപോയ ചരിത്രമാണ് ഈ കവിതയിൽ കവി പറയുന്നത്. അമ്മയുടെ വിരൽ ത്തുമ്പിൽ പിടിച്ച്, മുമ്പ് നടന്ന പരിചിതമായ തറയിലൂടെ കവി പതുക്കെപ്പതുക്കെ നടന്നു. കണ്ണിറുക്കി അടച്ചിട്ടുണ്ടെങ്കിലും, പെട്ടെന്ന് നിയന്ത്രണം തെറ്റി കണ്ണ് തുറന്നുപോയി. ചുറ്റുപാടും കൂരി രുൾ. ഗ്രാമത്തിലെ പാവപ്പെട്ടവരുടെ വീടുകൾ ഇരുട്ടിൽ മയങ്ങി കിടക്കുന്നു. വീണ്ടും കണ്ണടച്ച് കൊണ്ട് കവി നടന്നു. തുടർന്ന് കണ്ണ് തുറന്ന് കണികണ്ടു. ആരുടെയും കണ്ണഞ്ചിക്കുന്ന കമനീയമായ കാഴ്ചയാണ് മുറിയിൽ അമ്മയൊരുക്കിയിരിക്കുന്നത്. വെള്ളിപോൽ തിളങ്ങുന്ന ഓട്ടരുളി, കണിവെള്ളരിക്ക, തേങ്ങാ മുറികൾ, കത്തി നിൽക്കുന്ന തിരികൾ, കൊന്നപ്പൂക്കൾ, വാൽക്കണ്ണാടി, ഞൊറിഞ്ഞ കരമുണ്ട്, അരി, കുങ്കുമച്ചെപ്പ് ഇവയൊക്കെയാണ് ഐശ്വര്യദേവതയ്ക്കായി അമ്മ ഒരുക്കിയിരുക്കുന്നത്.

കവി കണി കണ്ടശേഷം കൈനീട്ടവും വാങ്ങി, അനുജത്തിമാരുടെ മുമ്പിൽ വച്ച് പൂത്തിരി കത്തിച്ചു. എല്ലായിടത്തും പടക്കം പൊട്ടിക്കലും ആർപ്പുവിളികളും സന്തോഷ പ്രകടനങ്ങളും തന്നെ. പക്ഷെ കണികാണുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് കണ്ണ് തുറന്ന് പോയത് കൊണ്ടാണോ എന്നറിയില്ല, കവിയുടെ ഹൃദയം അപ്പോഴും ഇരുട്ടിൽ തന്നെയായിരുന്നു. എവിടെയെങ്കിലും വെളിച്ചം പുലർന്നിട്ടുണ്ടോ ? തന്റെ പാവപ്പെട്ട കൂട്ടുകാരുടെ വീടുകൾ ഇപ്പോഴും ഇരുട്ടിൽ തന്നെ. തന്റെ സമ്പന്നമായ തറവാട്ടിലെ നാലുകെട്ടിൽ ഒരുക്കിവച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന കണിയുരുളിയുടെ ചുറ്റിലും, കവി യുടെ കൂട്ടരുടെ മനസ്സിലും മാത്രമാണ് അൽപ്പം വെളിച്ചമുളളത്. ഐശ്വര്യ ദേവതയെ തങ്ങൾ തരം താഴ്ത്തുക യല്ലേ ചെയ്യുന്നതെന്ന് കവിക്ക് തോന്നി. ഉദാരതയുടെ പര്യായമായ ലക്ഷ്മീദേവി, വിയർപ്പ് നീരിന്റെ ആഴിയിൽ ജനിച്ച് ഐശ്വര്യം മഴപോലെ വർഷിക്കുന്നവളാണ്. കരിമണ്ണിൽ പിറന്ന കണിക്കൊന്നയുടെ സ്വർണ്ണനിറമുളള സൗന്ദര്യനദിയിൽ കുളിക്കുന്നവളാണ്.

എരിവെയിലിൽ കായ്കനികൾ തൂങ്ങി കിടക്കുന്ന മരക്കൊമ്പിൽ ഊഞ്ഞാ ലാടുന്നവളാണ്. പുന്നെല്ലിന്റെ പായകളിൽ നൃത്തം ചെയ്യുന്നവളാണ്. അങ്ങനെയുളള ഐശ്വര്യ ദേവതയ്ക്ക് ഇത്തിരി വട്ടത്തിൽ ഒതുങ്ങാനാകില്ല. പൂട്ടി തന്റെ മുന്നിൽ വന്ന് തുറക്കുന്ന കണ്ണുകളെ മാത്രം ഐശ്വര്യദേവ തയ്ക്ക് സ്നേഹിക്കാനാകില്ല. മൂഢസ്വപ്നത്തിന്റെ കത്തിച്ച് പൂത്തിരിക്ക് മുമ്പിൽ ചിരിക്കാനാകില്ല. പാവപ്പെട്ട വർക്ക് നൽകുന്ന പിച്ചക്കാശ് (കൈനീട്ടം) കണ്ട് കവി പറയുന്നു. “അല്ലയോ ഐശ്വര്യദേവതേ, ചെളിയിൽ പിറ ക്കുന്ന ചെന്താമരപ്പൂക്കൾ പോല, ദരിദ്രരുടെ എല്ലാ വീട്ടിലും കണി നിരത്തീട്ട് അതിൽ വിളയാടുവാൻ നിനക്ക് കഴിയുമോ ദേവീ ? കണി കാണുന്നതിന് മുമ്പേ കണ്ണ് തുറന്ന് പോയതുകൊണ്ടാവാം അങ്ങനെയൊരു പ്രഭാതം പൊട്ടിവിടരുന്നത് വരെയും ഞാൻ അസംതൃപ്തൻ തന്നെയായിരിക്കും.

വിഷുക്കണി Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali

കഠിന പദങ്ങളും അർഥവും

തായ = അമ്മ
എന്നിയേ = കൂടാതെ
ഓട്ടുരുളി = ഓട് എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ലോഹം കൊണ്ടുണ്ടാക്കിയ = ഉരുളി
ഉദാരത = ഔദാര്യം
ഊയൽ = ഊഞ്ഞാൽ
പുന്നെൽപ്പായ = പുതിയ നെല്ല് ഉണക്കാനിട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന പായ
പിച്ച = ഭിക്ഷ
സരോരുഹം = സരസ്സിൽ ജനിക്കുന്നത് താമര
അന്നപൂർണ്ണ = ഏവർക്കും അന്നം പ്രദാനം ചെയ്യുന്നവൾ
ചെറുവട്ടം = അല്പം സ്ഥലം
പൂട്ടുക = അടയ്ക്കുക

ഒരു പക്ഷിക്കുഞ്ഞിന്റെ മരണം Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Adisthana Padavali

Students can use SSLC Malayalam Adisthana Padavali Notes Unit 1 Chapter 3 ഒരു പക്ഷിക്കുഞ്ഞിന്റെ മരണം Oru Pakshi Kunjinte Maranam Summary in Malayalam Pdf to grasp the key points of a lengthy text.

Class 10 Malayalam Oru Pakshi Kunjinte Maranam Summary

Oru Pakshi Kunjinte Maranam Class 10 Summary

Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali Unit 1 Chapter 3 ഒരു പക്ഷിക്കുഞ്ഞിന്റെ മരണം Summary

ഗ്രന്ഥകാരപരിചയം
ഒരു പക്ഷിക്കുഞ്ഞിന്റെ മരണം Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali 1
കേരളത്തിലെ ആധുനിക നാടകകാരനായിരുന്നു വയലാ വാസുദേവൻപിള്ള. തൃശ്ശൂർ ആസ്ഥാനമായുളള സ്ക്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമയുടെ ഡയറക്ടറും, കേരള സർവ്വകലാശാലയുടെ കീഴിലുളള സെന്റർ ഫോർ പെർഫോമിംഗ് ആന്റ് വിഷ്വൽ ആർട്ടിന്റെ മേധാവിയുമായി പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു. പാശ്ചാത്യ നാടക സങ്കൽപ്പ ങ്ങളെ കേരളീയർക്ക് പരിചയപ്പെടുത്തിക്കൊടുത്ത നാടക പ്രതിഭയായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം. 1943 ൽ കൊട്ടാര താലൂക്കിലെ വയലാ ഗ്രാമത്തിൽ ജനിച്ചു. മാർ ഇവാനിയോസ് കോളേജിലെ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് അദ്ധ്യാപകനായിരുന്നു. തിരുവനന്ത പുരത്ത് സുവർണ്ണരേഖ’ എന്ന പേരിൽ തുടങ്ങിയ നാടകക്കളരിയിലൂടെ മുപ്പതിലേറെ നാടകങ്ങൾ അരങ്ങിലെത്തിച്ചു. വിദേശ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റികൾ പലതും അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ആദരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ജി. ശങ്കരപ്പിള്ള എന്ന നാടകാചാര്യന്റെ ശിഷ്യനായിരു ന്നു.അദ്ദേഹം തനതു നാടകസങ്കൽപ്പങ്ങളെയും, വിശ്വോത്തരമായ നാടക ധാരകളെയും സ്വാംശീ കരിക്കുകയും, സമന്വയിപ്പിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. 2011 ആഗസ്റ്റ് 29 ന് അദ്ദേഹം അന്തരിച്ചു.

ഒരു പക്ഷിക്കുഞ്ഞിന്റെ മരണം Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali

പാഠസംഗ്രഹം

തനത് നാടക സമ്പ്രദായത്തിൽ വയലാ വാസുദേവൻപിളള എഴുതിയ നാടകമാണ് ഒരു പക്ഷിക്കുഞ്ഞിന്റെ മരണം’. നാം നേരിട്ടു കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്ന ചില സാമൂഹിക പരിസ്ഥിതി പ്രശ്നങ്ങളാണ് നാടകത്തിലെ മുഖ്യവിഷ യം. കാവ്യാത്മകവും ധ്വന്യാത്മകവുമായ ഭാഷയും, രചനാരീതിയും അവലംബിച്ചുകൊണ്ടാണ് നാടക രചന നിർവ്വഹിച്ചിട്ടുളളത്. അഭിനയം, അവതരണം, സ്റ്റേജ് സംവിധാനം മുതലായ കാര്യങ്ങളിൽ തികച്ചും പുതുമകൊ ണ്ടുവരാൻ നാടകകൃത്ത് പരിശ്രമിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഒരു സുന്ദരമായ ഏകാങ്ക നാടകമാണിത്. വഴിവക്കിലെ അരയാൽ ചുവടാണ് രംഗം. പക്ഷിവേഷക്കാരായ ആളുകൾ അരയാലിന്റെ ചുവട്ടിലും താഴ്ന്ന കൊമ്പിലുമായി ശബ്ദം ഉണ്ടാക്കിയും രസിച്ചും കഴിയുന്നു. ഇവരുടെ ഇടയിലേക്ക് പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രം പഠിച്ചയാൾ എത്തുന്നു.

അയാൾ അന്ധനാണ്. ഈ പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരനാണ് പക്ഷികളുടെ രക്ഷകർത്താവ്. കൂട്ടത്തിൽ നിന്നും ഒരു പക്ഷി സ്വയം ചിറകരിഞ്ഞ് പിണങ്ങിപ്പിരിഞ്ഞ് പോയതിൽ ദു:ഖിതനാണ് പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരൻ. പക്ഷിക ളെല്ലാം ഒരു നാൾ പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരനോടൊപ്പം ഒരു യാത്ര പുറപ്പെട്ടു. തേനരുവിയുടെ ഉദ്ഭവസ്ഥാനത്തും, തെണ്ടികളുടെ പറുദീസയിലും, പട്ടിണിക്കാരന്റെ താവളങ്ങളിലും, വിളഞ്ഞ് കിടക്കുന്ന ഗോതമ്പ് വയലിലുമൊക്കെ പാടിനടന്ന് തിരികെയെത്തിയപ്പോൾ കിളികൾക്ക് താമസിക്കാൻ കൂടില്ല. കൂടുകൾ ഇരുന്ന മരക്കൊമ്പുകളൊക്കെ ആരോ മുറിച്ച് മാറ്റിയിരിക്കുന്നു.

ഒരു വലിയ അരയാൽ മാത്രം അവശേഷിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. താമസിയാതെ അതിന്റെ ചുവട്ടിലും കോടാലി വീഴും. വിശപ്പിന് മുൻകൂട്ടിയൊന്നും കരുതി വയ്ക്കാൻ കിളികൾക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞിരുന്നില്ല. അവർ ഒന്നും വാരിക്കൂട്ടിവച്ചിട്ടില്ല. അവർക്ക് വിതയ്ക്കാൻ മണ്ണില്ല. പക്ഷേ വിശപ്പ്, അതിൽ നിന്നും മോചനം നേടാൻ അവർക്ക് കഴിയുന്നില്ല. മണ്ണും ആവാസസ്ഥാനങ്ങളും നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ട അവർക്ക് വിശപ്പിൽ നിന്നും മോചനം നേടാൻ ഉളള മാർഗ്ഗം പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരൻ ഉപദേശിക്കുന്നു. ദൂരെ കുന്നിൻപുറത്ത് കതിർക്കുലകൾ വിളഞ്ഞ് കിടപ്പുണ്ട്. അവ കൊത്തി നുണയ്ക്കാൻ പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരൻ കിളികളോട് നിർദ്ദേശിക്കുന്നു. അത് ആരുടേ താണെന്ന ചോദ്യത്തിന്, നിങ്ങൾ വിതച്ചതാണ്, നിങ്ങൾക്കവകാശപ്പെട്ടതാണെന്ന് അയാൾ അറിയിക്കുന്നു.
ഒരു പക്ഷിക്കുഞ്ഞിന്റെ മരണം Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali 2
പോകുന്ന പോക്കിൽ മലയോരത്തെ കാട്ടരുവി വറ്റിയോ എന്ന് കൂടി അറിഞ്ഞ് വരണം. പക്ഷെ പറക്കാൻ കഴിയാത്ത വിധം ചൂടാണെന്ന് പക്ഷികൾ പരാതിപ്പെടുന്നു. ചിറക് കരിഞ്ഞ് പോകുന്ന ചൂട്. നമുക്ക് തണൽ നൽകിയിരുന്ന വനം വെട്ടിമാറ്റിയതാണ് ചൂടിന് കാരണമെന്ന് പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്ര ക്കാരൻ പറയുന്നു. കൂരമ്പും, കൂർത്ത നോട്ടവുമായി ഇരു ട്ടത്ത് ഇഴഞ്ഞ് നടക്കുന്ന മനുഷ്യനാണ് അത് ചെയ്തത്.

വിതച്ചത് കൊയ്ത് വരാൻ പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരൻ കിളി കളെ ഉപദേശിക്കുന്നു. കിളികൾ നിർദ്ദേശം അനുസരിക്കു ന്നു. കിളികൾ പാടത്തെത്തി കതിര് കൊയ്യാൻ തുടങ്ങുമ്പോൾ പാടത്തിന്റെ ഉടമ പെട്ടെന്ന് അവിടെയെത്തുന്നു. കൈയിൽ അമ്പും വില്ലും ഉണ്ട്. ഈ കിളികളെ ഇങ്ങോട്ട് പറത്തിവിട്ടവ നെയാണ് ഉടമ അന്വേഷിക്കുന്നത്. അയാൾ നിമിഷ ങ്ങൾക്കകം പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരനെ പിടികൂടുന്നു. തന്റെ പാടം നശിപ്പിക്കാൻ കിളികളെ അയച്ചവൻ ശിക്ഷിക്കപ്പെട ണമെന്നാണ് ഉടമയുടെ വാശി.. ഉടമ പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരന്റെ ശരീരമാകെ അമ്പെയ്ത് കൊള്ളിക്കുന്നു. പെട്ടെന്ന് മരത്തിന് ചുറ്റുമുണ്ടായിരുന്ന വെള്ളപ്പൂക്കളുടെ നിറം ചുവപ്പായി മാറു ന്നത് ശ്രദ്ധിച്ച ഉടമ അവിടെ നിന്നും പേടിച്ച് ഓടി മറയുന്നു. അൽപ്പം കഴിഞ്ഞ് പക്ഷികൾ ചുണ്ടിൽ കതിരുമായി പറന്നെ ത്തുന്നു. പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരനെ കാണാതെ അവർ വിഷമി ക്കുന്നു. പൂക്കളുടെ നിറം ചുവന്നിരിക്കുന്നത് പക്ഷികളും ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുന്നു.

തങ്ങളുടെ താതന് തുല്യനായ പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്ര ക്കാരനെ നിലത്തിന്റെ ഉടമ മുറിവേൽപ്പിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ടാകണമെന്ന് പക്ഷികൾ കരുതുന്നു. താമസിയാതെ ഒരു സത്യം കിളികൾ പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരനിൽ നിന്നും അറിയുന്നു. ആരാണീ നില ത്തിന്റെ ഉടമ? തങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നും വേർപിരിഞ്ഞ് ചിറക് പോയവൻ തന്നെയാണത്. ഗുരുവിനെ നിന്ദിച്ചതിന്റെ പേരിൽ
പുറത്താക്കപ്പെട്ടവൻ. ഇപ്പോൾ ആ ഗുരുവിനെതിരെ പ്രതികാരം തീർക്കാൻ അവൻ ഇറങ്ങി തിരിച്ചതാണ്. തുടർന്ന് കൂരമ്പ് തറച്ച പക്ഷിശാസ്ത്രക്കാരനെ കിളികൾ ശരശയ്യയൊരുക്കി അതിൽ കിടത്തുന്നു. ഈ അവസരത്തിൽ ഭയന്ന് പോയ നിലത്തിന്റെ ഉടമ ഓടിയെത്തുന്നു. അയാളുടെ തോട്ടത്തിലെ പൂക്കൾ ചുവന്നിരിക്കുന്നു. ഉട മയ്ക്ക് മറ്റ് പക്ഷികളോടൊപ്പം ചേരണമെന്നുണ്ട്. അതിനാൽ മറ്റുള്ളവർ ഉടമയ്ക്ക് സ്വർണ്ണചിറക് നൽകുന്നു. അങ്ങനെ അവർ ഒരുമിച്ച് പറക്കാൻ ശ്രമിക്കുന്നു. ഇതോടെ നാടകം അവസാനിക്കുകയാണ്.

ഒരു പക്ഷിക്കുഞ്ഞിന്റെ മരണം Summary in Malayalam Class 10 Malayalam Adisthana Padavali

കഠിന പദങ്ങളും അർഥവും

പറുദീസ = സ്വർഗം
മൃഷ്ടാന്നഭോജനം = എല്ലാവിഭവങ്ങളും കൂട്ടിയുള്ള സദ്യ
ഉദയകിരണങ്ങൾ = പ്രഭാതരശ്മികൾ
തെന്നൽ = കാറ്റ്
വിലാപം = കരച്ചിൽ
കൂരമ്പ് = മൂർച്ചയുള്ള അമ്പ്
ജീവരക്ഷാർത്ഥം = ജീവൻ രക്ഷിക്കാൻ വേണ്ടി

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

Students often refer to Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Maths Textbook Solutions Chapter 3 Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Questions and Answers Notes Pdf to clear their doubts.

SSLC Maths Chapter 3 Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Questions and Answers

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Class 10 Questions and Answers Kerala State Syllabus

SCERT Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Solutions

Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Kerala Syllabus – Algebraic Form

Textbook Page No. 63

Question 1.
Find the algebraic form of the arithmetic sequences given below:
a) 1,6, 11, 16
b) 2, 7, 12, 17….
c) 21, 32, 43, 54
d) 19, 28, 37
e) 1, 1\(\frac{1}{2}\), 2, 2\(\frac{1}{2}\)
f) \(\frac{1}{6}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{2}\), …………….
Answer:
a) This is the sequence of numbers 4 less than the multiples of 5. So we can write xn = 5n – 4 (Or) xn = dn + (f – d) = 5n – 4
b) This is the sequence of numbers 3 less than the multiples of 5.
So its n* term will be 5n – 3
(Or ) xn = dn + (f – d) = 5n + (2 – 5) = 5n – 3
c) d = 11, xn = 11n + 10
d) d = 9, xn = 9n + 10
e) d = \(\frac{1}{2}\), x = \(\frac{n}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)(n + 1)

Question 2.
The terms of some arithmetic seefuences in two specified positions are given below. Find the alge-braic form of each:
(i) 1st term5, 10th term 23
(ii) ls’term5, 7th term23
(iii) 5th term 10, 10th term 5
(iv) 8th term 2, 12th term 8
Answer:
a) 9d = 18 → d = 2. xn = 2n + 3
b) 6d = 23 – 5 = 18, d = 3, xn = 3n + 2
c) 5d = 5 – 10 = -5, d = -1, f = 14, xn = -n + 15
d) 4d = 8 – 2 = 6, d = \(\frac{6}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\),
x1 = \(\frac{17}{2}\), xn = \(\frac{3}{2}\)n – 10

Question 3.
Prove that the arithmetic sequence with first term \(\frac{1}{3}\) and common difference \(\frac{1}{6}\) contains all natural numbers.
Answer:
Algebraically the sequence can be written as
xn = \(\frac{1}{6}\)n + \(\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{6}\right)=\frac{n+1}{6}\)
For n = 5, 11, 17, we get the terms
x5 = \(\frac{5+1}{6}\) = 1
x11 = \(\frac{11+1}{6}\) = 2
x17 = \(\frac{17+1}{6}\) = 3

The natural numbers 1, 2, 3 in the order can be obtained by giving the terms of 5, 11, 17….
That is, the sequence having first term \(\frac{1}{6}\) and common difference \(\frac{2}{3}\) contains all natural numbers.

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

Question 4.
Prove that the arithmetic sequence with first term \(\frac{1}{3}\) and common difference \(\frac{2}{3}\) contains all odd numbers, but no even numbers.
Answer:
Algebraic form of the sequence is \(\frac{2}{3}\) n + \(\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3}\right)\)
xn = \(\frac{2 n-1}{3}\).
x2 = 1, x5 = 3, x8 = 5
Numerator of n’A term is an odd number. When an odd number is divided by 3 we get the quotient odd, no even number.
No even number is a term of the sequence.

Question 5.
Prove that in the arithmetic sequence 4, 7, 10, … the squares of all terms are also terms of the sequence.
Answer:
Algebraic form of an arithmetic sequence is 3n + 1 Any number in the form 3n + 1 is a term of this sequence for a positive integer n Square of the term of this sequence is (3n + 1)2 = 9n2 + 6n + 1 = 3(3n2 + 2n) + 1
3n2 +2n is a positive integer.
So square of the term is also a term of the sequence.

Question 6.
Prove that the arithmetic sequence 5,8,11,…does not contain any perfect square.
Answer:
The common difference of this sequence is 3
In an arithmetic sequence of positive integer terms, the same remainder will be obtained on dividing the terms by the common difference. Here the remainder is 2
The remainder on dividing a perfect square by 3 is 0 or 1, not 2
Refer : Extended Activity Page for a proof of the statement : The remainder on dividing a perfect square by 3 is 0 or 1
So no perfect square is a term of the sequence .

Class 10 Maths Kerala Syllabus Chapter 3 Solutions – Sums

Textbook Page No. 71

Question 1.
Calculate in head the sum of the arithmetic sequences below
(a) 51 + 52 + 53 + …………. + 70
(b) 1\(\frac{1}{2}\) + 2\(\frac{1}{2}\) + ….. + 12 \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{2}\) + 1 + 1\(\frac{1}{2}\) + 2 + ………… + 12\(\frac{1}{2}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{101}+\frac{3}{101}+\cdots+\frac{201}{101}\)
Answer:
(a) 1210
50 × 20 + (1 + 2 + 3 + …………… +20) = 1000 + 210 = 1210
Or by pairing of 20 numbers with pair sum 121, the sum is 121 × 10 = 1210

(b) 84
(1 + 2 + 3 + …… + 12) + 12 × \(\frac{1}{2}\) = 78 + 6 = 84
By pairing the terms equidistant from both ends, sum is 14 × 6 = 84

(c) 162.5
2(1 + 2 + 3 + ………….. + 12) + 13 × \(\frac{1}{2}\)
= 156 + \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 13
= 162.5

(d) \(\frac{101^2}{101}\) = 101

Question 2.
Calculate the sum of the first 25 terms of the arithmetic sequences below:
(a) 11, 22, 33 ……….
(b) 12, 23, 34 ………….
(c) 21, 32, 43 ……………
(d) 19, 28, 37 ……………
Answer:
(a) This is the sequence of multiples of 11.
Its algebraic form is xn = 11 n
Sum of first 25 terms
= 11 × 1 + 11 × 2 + 11 × 3 – 1 – 11 × 25

Let S be the sum of first n terms.
So S25 = 11(1 + 2 + 3 + …. + 25)
= 11 × \(\frac{25(25+1)}{2}\)
= 11 × 25 × 13
= 3575

(b) This is the sequence having algebraic form 11 n +1 Sum of the first 25 terms
= 11(1 + 2 + 3 …….. + 25) + 25
= 3575 + 25
= 3600

(c) This sequence having algebraic form 11n + 10
Sn = 11(1 + 2 + 3 … + 25) + 10 × 25
= 3575 + 250
= 3825

(d) nth term of the sequence is 9n + 10
Sum of the first 25 terms
= 9(1 + 2 + 3 + ………… + 25) + 250
= 3175

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

Question 3.
Find the sum of all multiples of 9 among three digit numbers
Answer:
108, 117, 126 999 is the sequence of three digit multiples of 9
Algebraically the sequence is 9n + 99.
9n + 99 = 999 ⇒ 9n = 900, n = 100
Sum of the three digit multiples of 9 is
(108 + 999) × \(\frac{100}{2}\) = 55350

Question 4.
The nth term of some arithmetic sequences are given below. Find the sum of first n terms of each:
(a) 2n + 3
(b) 3n + 2
(c) 2n – 3
(d) 3n – 2
Answer:
(a) xn = 2n + 3, x1 = 2 × 1 + 3 = 5
Sum =(x1 + xn) × \(\frac{n}{2}\) → (5 + 2n + 3) × \(\frac{n}{2}\)
Sum = (8 + 2n) × \(\frac{n}{2}\) = n2 + 4n

(b) xn = 3n + 2, x1 = 3 × 1 + 2 = 5
Sum =(x1 + xn) x \(\frac{n}{2}\) = (5 + 3n + 2) x \(\frac{n}{2}\) = \(\frac{7}{2}\)n + \(\frac{3}{2}\)n2

(c) xn = 2n – 3, x1 = -1, Sum = n2 – 2n

(d) xn = 3n – 2, x1 =1, Sum = \(\frac{-n}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\)n2

Question 5.
The sum of the first n terms of some arithmetic sequence are given below. Find the nth term of each.
(a) n2 + 2n
(b) 2n2 + n
(c) n2 – 2n
(d) 2n2 – n
(c) n2 – n
Answer:
(a) Sum = n2 + 2n
x1 = 12 + 2 × 1 = 3, x1 + x2 = 22 + 2 × 2 = 8
x2 = 8 – 3 = 5, common difference = 5 – 3 = 2.
xn = dn + (f – d) = 2n + 3 – 2 = 2n + 1
Note that x and f stands for the first term.

(b) Sum = 2n3 + n,x1 = 2 × 12 + 1 = 3
x1 + x2 = 2 × 22 + 2 = 10
x2 = 10 – 3 = 7, d = 7 – 3 = 4
xn = 4n + (3 – 4) = 4n -1

(c) Sum = n2 – 2n
x1 = 12 – 2 × 1 = -1, x1 + x2 2 = 22 – 2 × 2 = 0
x2 = 0 – (-1) = 1.
Common difference d = 1 – (-1) = 2
xn = dn + (f – d) = 2n + (-1 – 2) = 2n – 3

(d) Sum = 2n2 -n
x1 = 2 × 12 – 1 = 1, x1 + x2 = 2 × 22 – 2 = 6
x2 =6 – 1 = 5, d = 5 – 1 = 4
xn = 4n – 3

(e) Sum = n2 – n
There is a short cut for getting «th term from its algebraic form
pn2 + qn is the general form of the sum. Two times the coefficient of n2 is the common difference.
Here d = 2p
d = 2 × 1 = 2, f = 12 —1 = 0,
xn = 2n + (0 – 2) = 2n – 2
Short cut is useful for answering objective type questions.

Question 6.
(i) Calculate the sum of the first 20 natural numbers
(ii) Calculate the sum of the first 20 numbers got by multiplying the natural numbers by 5 and adding 1. Calculate also the sum of the first n terms.
Answer:
(a) Sum of the first 20 terms = \(\frac{20}{2}\)(20 + 1)
210

(b) 1 × 5 + 1, 2 × 5 + 1, 3 × 5 + 1, ….. is the sequence Its algebra is xn
= 5n +1

Sum of the first 20 terms
y20 = 5(1 + 2 + 3 ……….. + 20) + 20
= 5 × 210 + 20
= 1070

(c) Sum = 5 × \(\frac{1}{2}\)n(n + 1) + n
= \(\frac{5}{2}\) n2 + \(\frac{7}{2}\)n

Question 7.
How much more is the sum of first 25 terms of the arithmetic sequence 15, 21, 27, than the sum of the first 25 terms of the arithmetic sequence 7, 13, 19….?
Answer:
Both sequence have common difference 6 .
So the difference between the terms in the same position are equal. It is 8
Difference of sums = 25 × 8 = 200

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

Question 8.
10th term of an arithmetic sequence is 50 and 21st term is 75. Calculate the sum of first 30 terms of this sequence.
Answer:
There are 12 terms from 10th to 21st
x10 + x21 = 125.Therefore x1 + x30 = 125
Sum of first 30 terms = (x1 + x30) ×x \(\frac{30}{2}\)
= 125 × 15
= 1875

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Class 10 Notes Pdf

Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Notes Kerala Syllabus

Introduction
This is the continuation of the first unit where we defined arithmetic sequence and its general numerical properties. To understand sequence for higher studies and theoretical analysis the rule behind the sequence should be discussed algebraically.

Algebraic form of the arithmetic sequence:
Algebraic form of an arithmetic sequence is the relation between terms of the sequence and natural numbers. For an arithmetic sequence the nth term will be in the form xn = an + b . If f is the first term and d is the common difference, xn = dn + (f -d) or xn = f + (n – 1)d using nth term we can write the numerical form of the sequence by giving n = 1, 2, 3 ….

Summation of the terms of an arithmetic sequence
In the first unit we add the terms of the sequence by pairing of terms equidistant from both ends. Here we establish the sum as (x1 + xn) × \(\frac{n}{2}\).
The sum of first n natural numbers, sum of first n odd numbers and sum of first n even numbers also discuss on the basis of the algebraic form of the sequence.

→ Algebraic form of an arithmetic sequence is the relation between terms of the sequence and natural numbers in the order written in algebraic language.

→ Algebraic form can be used for problem solving as well as theoretical purposes.

→ If/is the first term and d is the common difference of an arithmetic sequence then n* term or algebraic form can be obtained by adding (« – 1) times common difference to the first term. It is
xn = f + (n – 1)d.
This can be written as xn = dn + (f – d).
nth term of an arithmetic sequence is always in the form an + b. In this form a is the common difference and a + b is the first term.

→ Sum of the first n natural numbers can be calculated by pairing of numbers equidistant from both ends. Sum of first n natural numbers = \(\frac{n}{2}\)(n + 1)

→ Sum of the first n odd numbers = n2. Sum of the first n even numbers – n(n + 1)

→ The sum of the specific number of terms can be calculated using its algebaric form.
If an + b is the algebraic form of an arithmetic sequence then sum of the first n terms ]
= a(1 + 2 + 3 + …….. + n) + nb = a \(\frac{n}{2}\) (n + 1) + nb
The sum of the first n terms can be calculated as = (x1 + xn)x-

→ The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is in the form pn2 + qn.
For n = 1 we get p + q as the first term. For n = 2 we get the sum of first two terms.
By subtracting: sum of first two terms – sum of first term gives second term x2
x2 – x1 = d, the common difference. Using first term and common difference we can calculate nth term or algebraic form of the sequence.

→ Note that, in the sum of first n terms, twice the coefficient of n2 will be the common difference.

Arithmetic Sequences and Algebra Questions and Answers Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Kerala Syllabus Solutions

→ The algebraic form of any arithmetic sequence is .
xn = an + b .
where a and b are specific numbers.

→ The sum of any number of consecutive natural numbers starting from one is the half the product of the last number and the next.
For the arithmetic sequence given by xn = an + b the sum of the first n terms is,
x1 + x2 + ……….. + xn = \(\frac{1}{2}\)an(n + 1) + nb

→ The sum of consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence is half the product of the sum of the first and last terms by the number of terms.

→ The algebraic form of the sum of the first« terms of an arithmetic sequence is pn2 + qn where p and q are specific numbers.