Class 10

You can download Financial Institutions and Services Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 9 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 9 Financial Institutions and Services Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 9 Notes

Question 1.
Name the central bank of India
Answer:
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

Question 2.
………….. is the headquarters of RBI
Answer:
Mumbai

Question 3.
Complete the following.

Answer:

Question 4.
What do you mean by financial institutions?
Answer:
The institution that undertakes economic transactions like accepting deposits and giving loans are called financial institutions.

Question 5.
RBI was nationalized in:
a) 1935
b) 1945
c) 1947
d) 1949
Answer:
d) 1949

Question 6.
Complete the following chart

Answer:

Question 7.
The deposit that allows to deposit and withdraw money many times in a day
1. Current deposit
2. Recurring deposit
3. Saving deposit
Answer:
1. Current deposit

Question 8.
Industrial Finance Corporation is an example for
1. Commercial Banks
2. Development Banks
3. Non-Banking Financial Institution
Answer:
2. Development Banks

Question 9.
Point out the functions of RBI.
Answer:
1. Issue of Currency Notes
2. Controller of Credit
3. Banker’s Bank
4. Government’s Bank

Question 10.
Explain the different phases in the growth of banks in India.
Answer:

First phase (1771 to 1969):

• English East India Company set up three Presidency Banks: Bank of Bengal, Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras.
• The operations and growth of banks were slow.

Second phase (1969 to 1990):

• Banking operations became fast.
• The awareness that bunks should operate with the objective of social welfare became prevalent.
• Bank nationalization of 1969 and 1980.

Third phase (From 1991 onwards):

• Along with the performance of basic functions, implemented services that would speed up banking procedures.
• Implemented new trends in banking like ATM, credit card, phone banking, net banking, etc.
• Operations of New Generation Banks.

Question 11.
Prepare a list of nationalized banks in India.
Answer:

• Bank of India
• United bank of India
• Indian Bank
• DenaBank
• United Commercial Bank
• Syndicate Bank
• Bank of Maharashtra
• Vijaya bank
• Oriental Bank of Commerce
• Andhra Bank
• Punjab and Sindh Bank
• Centra Bank of India
• Union Bank of India
• Indian Overseas Bank
• Allahabad Bank of India
• Canara bank
• BankofBaroda
• PunjabNationalBank
• Corporation Bank

Question 12. Name the first. modern bank in India.
Answer:
Bank of Hindustan (1770)

Question 13.
In India, coins and one rupee notes are issued by
Answer:
The Ministry of Finance

Question 14.
Explain the features of new generation banks.
Answer:
The private banks which are given license after 1991, in the third phase of the growth of banking sector are called New Generation Banks. These banks adopted new trends in banking sector like ATM, credit card, phone banking, net banking, and core banking. They have also adopted steps to make the proceeding easy and simple.

Question 15.
Name the different types of commercial banks.
Answer:

• Public sector banks
• Private Indian banks
• Private Foreign banks

Question 16.
Write on the different types of deposits accepted by commercial banks?
Answer:
Commercial banks accept the following deposits.
Saving Deposit:
It is a scheme for depositing surplus income by individuals and institutions. Banks offer low rate of interest for this deposit. Depositor can withdraw money from this deposit subject to certain restrictions.

Current Deposit:
A scheme for depositing and withdrawing money many times in a day. Normally traders and industrialists use this deposit scheme. It does not offer any rate of interest’

Fixed Deposit:
Fixed deposits are suitable for depositing money for a fixed period. Interest is fixed on the period (tenure) of the deposit. It can be normally withdrawn only after the expiry of the period. Rate of interest will decrease if withdrawn before the expiry period. Recurring Deposit Depositing a fixed sun monthly for a fixed period is the recurring deposit. It offers a rate of interest higher than that of saving deposit, but less fixed deposit.

Giving Loans:
This is the next major function of commercial banks. Banks provide loans by using the amount deposited by the public. Banks give loans to individual as well as institutions. Interest rates charged for loans will be higher that of deposits. Rate of interest vary depending upon the duration of loans.

Other Functions:
Apart from the basic functions like accepting deposits and lending money, commercial banks render certain other services to their customers. The services rendered by the banks include.

Locker Facility:
its offer locker facility to keep costly articles (gold, title deed of property) of their customers. Banks charge a fixed amount as service charge for this.

Demand Draft:
Demand draft is a facility provided by banks to send money from one place to another. Bank account is not necessary for this.

Mail Transfer:
Mail transfer is a facility provided by banksto transfer money from any place in the world to one’s own account or to the account of another person. Telegraphic transfer is faster than mail transfer. Telegraphic transfer is a system of transfer of money through message.

ATM:
Automated Teller Machine helps the customers to withdraw money without stepping into the banks. Most banks have ATM facility today. Today money can be deposited and withdrawn through the ATM of some banks. Th.e bank gives ATM debit card for this.

Credit card:
Customers can purchase goods with the help of credit card. This system enables the customers to purchase goods even if there is no balance in the account. Money should be deposited in the bank within fixed days.

Banks help the customers to ‘remit their insurance premium, telephone bills, and electricity bills and to purchase travel tickets. Pension amount to the retired officials is disbursed through banks.

Question 17.
Define Commercial Banks
Answer:
Commercial banks are those banks which accept deposits and lend money for commercial purposes, industrial and agricultural purposes.

Question 18.
Distinguish between private Indian bank and private foreign banks.
Answer:
Private Indian commercial banks are owned by private individuals. These banks operate subject to the regulations of RBI. Banks owned by private individuals and registered in India, with their headquarters abroad are called private foreign commercial banks. These also function subject to regulations of RBI.

Question 19.
Who all are getting the benefits of RRBs
Answer:
Small scale farmers
Agricultural laborers
Small entrepreneurs

Question 20.
Describe the functions of commercial banks.
Answer:
Commercial banks perform various functions. They are discussed below:-
Accepting deposits is the main function of commercial banks. These banks accept four types of deposits. These deposits are

1. Saving Deposit
2. Fixed Deposit
3. Current Deposit

Question 21.
interest is not given for current deposits. Why?
Answer:
Current deposits are not given interest. This is because in current deposit scheme money can be deposited and withdrawn many times in a day without any restrictions.

Question 22.
Point out the factors influencing difference in the rate of interest on loans?
Answer:

• Tenure of loan
• Mode of repayment
• Purpose of loan

Question 23.
What do you mean by overdraft?
Answer:
Overdraft is a type of loan given by commercial banks to customers. This facility enables a customer to withdraw money over and above the credit balance.
Banks give this facility to permanent and reliable customers. This facility is provided to those who have current account deposit.

Question 24.
Give examples of plastic money
Answer:
Credit Card Debit Card

Question 25.
What are the two trends in banking?
Answer:
Electronic banking Core banking

Question 26.
Prepare a note on the facilities offered by electronic banking?
Answer:
Today banking, services are easily available through any banks with the computerization of banks and the ATM facility. Doing all banking transactions through net banking and telebanking is called electronic banking. Banking at any time and banking at any place, net banking, and mobile banking are part of electronic banking. It does not need the support of employees and banking instruments. Only bank account and net banking facility are needed for this.

Customers can send money anywhere in the world and remit the bills from home itself without stepping into a bank. Banking activities can be completed within a short time. Not expensive as the service charge for this is very less.

Question 27.
Banking operations become easy with core banking. Explain.
Answer:
Core banking is a banking facility under which all the branches of the banks are brought under a central server to enable transactions from one bank to another. It operates with the help of internet. Making use of this facility, an individual can send money from his account to his friend’s account in another place. Facilities like ATM, debit card, credit card, net banking, telebanking, mobile banking, etc. are brought under one umbrella through core banking. This made bank transactions easy.

Question 28.
What are the things to be taken care of while using ATM cards?
Answer:

• Make sure that nobody is in the counter.
• Do not disclose your ATM pin number to anyone.
• Check the cash withdrawals against your bank statement and keep receipts from the ATM to check back against your statement. Do not throw away the receipt carelessly.

Question 29.
Match the following.

A	B
RBI	1982
SBI	1935
RRB	1955
NABARD	1975

Answer:

A	B
RBI	1935
SBI	1955
RRB	1975
NABARD	1982

Question 30.
Point out the functions of NABARD?
Answer:
The institutions that give financial assistance for the development of certain areas only are called specialized banks. NABARD is a specialized bank. Its features are:

1. The apex bank operating for agricultural and rural development.
2. Co-ordinates all banks working for rural development.
3. Gives financial assistance to agriculture, handicrafts and small scale industries.

Question 31.
Define Mudra Bank
Answer:
Mudra bank stands for micro-units development and refinances agency banks. It is a public sector financial institution in India that provides loans to low rates of interest to microfinance institutions and small scale entrepreneurs.

Question 32.
What are the objectives of Mudra bank?
Answer:

• Provide small lending
• Provide financial help to microfinance and small entrepreneurs.

Question 33.3
NABARD stands for?
Answer:
National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development

Question 34.
What are co-operative banks? Mention their objectives?
Answer:
Co-operative banks operate on the basis of principles like co-operation, self-help and mutual help. They have been set up for rural development. Co-operative banks were set up with the aim of extending financial help to farmers, handicrafts men, small scale industrialists, etc.
The objectives of Co-operative banks are

1. Give loans to people
2. Save the rural folk from the exploitation of private money lenders
3. Give loan at low rate of interest
4. Promote saving habits among the rural folk

Question 35.
Complete the following chart

Answer:
a – State Co-operative Bank
b – District Co-operative Bank
c – Primary co-operative Bank

Question 36.
Write the difference between life insurance company and non – life insurance company. Write example for each.
Life Insurance Company :
Life insurance companies are institutions that provide security to life and property of individuals. Eg. Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Non – Life insurance companies:
These are institutions that provide security to individuals from the loss incurred due to accident and natural calamity. Eg. General insurance companies

Question 37.
Which among the following is a private sector bank?
i) Vijaya Bank
ii) Canara Bank
iii) Syndicate Bank
iv) Federal Bank.
Answer:
iv) Federal Bank

Question 38.
Which is the major non-banking financial company operating in Kerala? What are the services they provide?
Answer:
Kerala State Financial Enterprises (KSFE)
Services

1. Operate chitties
2. Housing loan
3. Gold loan
4. Hire purchase

Question 39.
Mutual fund helps common man to overcome the constraints in investing money in share market. Explain.
Answer:
Mutual fund is a deposit scheme. Common man cannot directly involve in share market. Mutual fund helps investors to overcome this constraint. Money is mobilized from common man and small scale farmers for investing in shares and other assets like debentures and infrastructure. The profit or loss resulting from this is distributed among them.

Question 40.
Name any two mutual fund operations in public sector.
Answer:
i) SBI mutual fund
ii) Unit Trust df India

Let Us Assess

Question 41.
Reserve Bank acts as the last resort in monetary matters of all banks. Substantiate the statement based on the functions of RBI
Answer:
Reserve Bank is the Central Bank of India. It was established in 1935 and its headquarters is in Mumbai. It is the apex bank that controls all the other banks. RBI not only regulates and supervises the banks but also other financial institutions in the country by giving them necessary instructions and advice. It acts as the last resort in the monetary matters of all banks.
The functions of RBI are:

Issue of currency notes:
RBI has the legal right to issue all currency notes except one rupee note and subsidiary coins. The finance ministry is authorized to issue one rupee note and subsidiary coins. A proportional value of gold and foreign exchange are kept as reserve for issuing notes.

Controller of credit:
The availability money supply in the economy increases when the RBI issues and distributes currency notes and also by loans. Controlling credit is an important function of RBI. This is done by changing the rate of interest. When the rate of interest increases, the amount of loan decreases. Rate of interest decreases and the amount of loan increases.

government’s Bank:
The RBI acts the bank of both the Central Government and the State Governments. As per this, the RBI accepts deposits from central and state governments, gives them loans and other banking services, The Reserve Bank does not accept any remuneration for these services for the governments.

Bankers’s Bank:
Reserve Bank controls all the banks. It is the functions of the RBI to help in the operations of other banks and to advise them when needed. It regulates commercial banks and help them in emergency.
Thus the RBI acts as the last resort of all the other banks in monetary matters.

Question 42.
Explain the basic functions performed by banks.
Answer:
Banks are those institutions which accept deposits from the public and lend out money to the borrower on certain conditions. They operate on the basis of common bye-law and criteria prepared by the Reserve Bank of India.

Banks accept deposits from people, institutions, and government and disburse this amount as loans to people, institutions and government. The banks take back the loan amount with interest after a particular period and repay the depositors with interest. Thus the banks acts as the intermediary between borrowers and lenders.

Question 43.
Mahila banks, Payment banks, and Mudra banks have recently entered the banking sector. Write their aims.
Answer:
Mahila banks, Payment banks, and Mudra banks are the new entrants in the banking sector formed for specific purposes.
Mahila Bank:
The slogan of Mahila bank is ‘Empowering Women, Empowering India’. The bank accepts deposits from everyone, but lending is predominantly for women.
Payment Bank:
Payment banks are set up to help low-income groups, small scale industrialists and migrant laborers. They do not undertake all the services rendered by banks.
Mudra bank:
Mudra banks are set up to provide small credit (up to ? 10 lakh), especially in agriculture and self-employment sector. It provides financial assistance to small entrepreneurs and microfinance.

Question 44.
Evaluate how microfinance is beneficial to common people?
Answer:
The objective of microfinance is ‘to provide financial services to common people including small lendings. It helps to promote saving habits and self-employment. activities among the poor. This helps members to avail themselves of loans without providing any collaterals. Kudumbasree and Self Help Group for men are examples for this.
Aims of microfinance:

1. Promotes saving habits.
2. Helps to improve the standard of living of the poor.
3. Helps to mobilize fund from individuals and use it for collective economic activities.
4. Individual abilities are used for the benefit of the group.
5. Gives loans to members when required.
6. Sets up small enterprises.

Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
List the various types of banks that function in your area.
Answer:
Commercial bank SBI, Federal bank, Co-operative banks.

Question 46.
Who is responsible for issuing one rupee note and its subsidiary coins?
Answer:
Central Finance Department

Question 47.
A measure adopted by the Reserve Bank to Control Credit is ……………
a. To abolish tax
b. To bring stringent measures
c. To incerease tax rate
d. To reduce tax rate
Answer:
c. To increase tax rate

Question 48.
Which is the largest commercial bank in India?
Answer:
State Bank of India

Question 49.
Differentiate public sector commercial banks and private sector commercial banks.
Answer:
Public Sector Banks are totally under the ownership of the government. The ownership of the private sector bank is with private individuals.

Question 50.
What type of Banks are called private foreign commercial banks?
Answer:
Banks which have registered in India but have headquarters in a foreign country.

Question 51.
The statement given below belongs to which type of deposit?
“The interest rate is calculated on the basis of the time period for which the money is deposited.”
a. Savings Deposit
b. Current Deposit
c. Fixed Deposit
d. Recurring Deposit
Answer:
c. Fixed Deposit

Question 52.
Elucidate Cash Credit.
Answer:
Cash credit are loans provided by banks to institutions accepting collateral and salary certificate.

Question 53.
What is the name of the facility provided by the bank to withdraw more money than in the account?
Answer:
Overdraft

Question 54.
What is mail transfer?
Answer:
Facility provided by the bank to send money to one’s own account or its others account from anywhere in the world is mail transfer.

Question 55.
Differentiate Banks and non-banking financial institutions.
Answer:
Non-banking financial institutions do not provide facilities like withdrawal of cash by cheque, mail transfer, lockers, etc.

Question 56.
List down the name of two mutual fund institutions functioning in India.
Answer:
Unit Trust of India
Life Insurance Corporation Mutual Fund

Question 57.
Explain the functioning of Kudumbasree and Men self-help group.
Answer:
At least 20 women/men of a locality join to form small groups. Each member deposits a fixed amount. Banks provide loans at a lower rate to these groups. The funds thus collected will be distributed among the members who need it or start small scale enterprises.

Question 58. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a note on the functioning of banks.
Answer:
Accepting deposits, providing loans. Providing locker facilities for safekeeping issuing checks and demand drafts. ATM, CDM, Netbanking and care banking facilities.

Question 59.
Bank nationalization strengthened the banking sector in India. Give your opinion on this statement.
Answer:
The major banks in India were nationalized with the view that banks should operate with the view that banks should operate with the aim of social progress with nationalization banking sector strengthened with more government control and banking spread to rural areas.

Question 60.
What are newb generation banks? How are they different from other banks?
Answer:
Banks that started after 1991. Mainly city-centered. New management and functions with modern technologies.

Question 61.
Explain the important functions of commercial banks.
Answer:
Two important functions of the banks are accepting deposits and granting loans. Deposits are classified into savings deposit. Which is aimed to encourage saving habits. Current deposits which is used by industrial and traders fixed deposit with more interest and recurring deposits. Banks give loans of different types for various purposes. Some are short terms and some are long-terms loans are granted on the basis of asset security or personal security.

Question 62.
Prepare a short note on public sector commercial banks.
Answer:
Commercial banks functions in the public sector and private sector. The banks which are under government control are called public sector banks. They accept
deposit, provide loans, locker facilities, net banking, care banking facilities are provided.

Question 63.
Write about the different of deposits in commercial banks and their features.
Answer:
Deposits are of mainly four types savings deposits. Ant one can open on account any amount can be deposited and withdraw comparatively low interest.
Current deposit: This deposits facility depositing and withdrawing many times in a day. Used mainly by traders and industrialists. No interest.
Fixed deposit: Ideal for depositing money for a fixed period. Comparatively high interest.
Recurring deposit: A specific amount is deposited every month for a fixed period of time. Receives high rate of interest.

Question 64.
Explain the grounds under which overdrafts are issued.
Answer:
Overdraft is a credit facility provided to individuals by banks. This allows an account holder who have frequent transactions to withdraw an amount over and above the balance in the account.

Question 65.
The upcoming trends in banking sector makes banking more people-friendly.
Answer:
Electronic banking is a method by which all transactions can be carried out through not banking and telebanking. Its features are money can be sent and bills can be paid anywhere in the world. Saves time and low service charges.
Core banking: Core banking is the facility which is arranged in such a way that the branches of all banks are brought under a control server. This facility helps and individual to send money to his account from anywhere.

Question 66.
Cooperation, self-help, and mutual help are the working principles of Co-operative banks.’To what extent did the objectives of Co-operative Banks justify this? Write your inferences.
Answer:
Provide loans to the public, protect the villages from private money lenders, provide loans at low-interest rates, encourage saving habits amoung people. Co¬operative banks have strengthened banking activities in remote areas.

Question 67.
Which are the different levels of the co-operative banks? Write their different type of functions.
Answer:
State Co-operative Banks. Apex body in the state Co-operative sector. Provides financial assistance to district Co-operative banks and primary Cooperative banks.
District Co-operative banks operate at district centres. Provides assistance and guidance toprimary Co-operaitve banks.
Primary Co-operative banks Function in villages area of functions is limited. Encourage saving habit in villagers. Provides loansto villages at low interest rates.

Question 68.
Write a short note on the development banks.
Answer:
Development banks provide long term loans for various needs such as modernisation of industries. There banks work as an agent that helps in the development of different sectors. Provide loans for construction of house small scale industry and infrastructure development. .

Question 69.
What are specified banks? Write examples for them.
Answer:
Specified banks provide financial help for the development of certian sectors.
e.g: Exim bank, Small Industries Devlopment Banks, NABARD

Question 70.
Write down the features of the specialized banks given below.
1. Exim bank of India
2. Indian Small Scale Industries Development Bank
3. NABARD
Answer:
Exim Bank (Export-Import Bank) : Provides loans for exporting and importing products Provides instructions to individuals who come into this sector
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) : Provides help to establish new small scale industries and modernizing existing industries Aimc is to vitalizes.
National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD) : Apex bank in India which functions for the development of villages and agriculture Unites all the banks which operate for the development of villages Provides financial assistance to agriculture handicraft small scale industries etc.

Question 71.
What is the slogan of Bharathiya Mahila Bank? What is its contemporary significance?
Answer:
In the contemporary world Bharathiya Mahila Bank plays a significant role in helping women to become self-reliant.

Question 72.
What are payment banks? Write down their features.
Answer:
Payment Banks have been established to help the low-income groups small scale industrialists and migrated employees.
The main features are
1. Accept deposit up to only one lakh rupees from individuals.
2. Provide interest on deposits as specified by the Reserve Bank of India.
3. Do not provide loans.
4. Charge a specific fee as commission for bank transactions.
5. Debit card will be provided but no credit card.

Question 73.
What are non-banking institutions? Why are the following institutions non-banking institutions?
1. Mutual fund institutions
2. Insurance companies
Answer:
Non-Banking financial institutions that operate under the supervision of the Reserve Bank of India. They are registered under the Company Act 1936 and carry out the basic functions of the Banks. Mutual fund institutions and insurance companies are non-banking financial companies because they do not carry out all the functions of Banking institutions

Question 74.
Which are the Mutual fund institutions that function in the Public and Private sectors?
Answer:
SBI Mutual Fund LIC Mutual Fund ICICI Mutual Fund HDFC Mutual Fund

Question 75.
Which is the major institution in India, that functions for the protection of the health and life of the individuals?
Answer:
Self-help groups are formed to encourage saving habits among low-income groups in the society and to seek self employment. Men/women in a locality join together and form small groups, normally 20 members. Each member invest a fixed amount in the group and with the help of Bank loans are provided to member at low rate to find self-employment.

Students can Download Social Science Part 2 Chapter 9 Financial Institutions and Services Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science Geography Chapter 9 Notes Malayalam Medium ധനകാര്യ സ്ഥാപനങ്ങളും സേവനങ്ങളും

Financial Institutions and Services Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

Students can Download Social Science Part 1 Chapter 11 Sociology: What? Why? Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science History Chapter 11 Notes Malayalam Medium സോഷ്യോളജി: എന്ത്? എന്തുകൊണ്ട്?

Sociology: What? Why? Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can Download Public Administration Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1  Chapter 3 Public Administration Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 3 Notes

Question 1.
Some of government institutions and their functions are given below. Expand the table by writing more.
Answer:

Institutions	Functions
Primary health center	Provide treatment facilities
Krishi bhavan	Promotes agriculture
Police station	Maintains law and order
Schools	Provide learning opportunities
Post offices	Provide communications
Courts	Protecting liberties and rights

Question 2.
Discuss and list out the changes in the objectives of public administration in monarchy and democracy.
Answer:

Monarchy	Democracy
Completely under king.	Values on the human rights, liberty and democracy
Law is the king	Ensures man’s liberty
King is last and cannot be questioned	Humans are given complete control
Ruler may be from selected families	All are given chances to vote and elect

Question 3.
Whom do you wish to get the services of public administration? Discuss in your class and write your conclusion.
Answer:
The main aim of public administration is to ensure equality and justice to all is, especially, the deprived society. Government has taken measures for the social safety and enlistment. Crores are spent for the purpose. But corruption and political intervention are a hindrance.

• Justice for the deserved.
• Education, employment and treatment facilities for the deprived ones.
• Control the cost of commodities.
• Strict laws for the upliftment of women.
• I believe these to be the main aims of public administration.

Question 4.
Visit a nearby Government. Office and prepare a report on the features of bureaucracy there.
Answer:
Bureaucracy is the main weapon of the government. They play various responsibilities. Employee may be highly experienced as they serve for long years. Ministers are the heads. Employees influence the decisions of the government. Though the ruling party changes, bureaucracy remains the same. Employees help the ministers in order to execute plans.

Question 5.
Discuss and prepare a note on the changes to be brought in the administrative system.
Answer:

• Ensure justice and equal rights to all sections of the society.
• Create corruption free administration and responsibility among the workers.
• Constitution must be to save the victims and punish culprits.
• Government service must be reached at fixed time.
• Protect the rights of women and ensure their safety.
• Ensure the welfare of all.

Question 6.
How far the Right to Information Act make the general administration system efficient. Evaluate.
Answer:
In 2005, RTI Act was passed by the parliament. To get information is the fundamental right of all citizens. The main objectives of this Act are to prevent corruption, create responsibility and make the functioning of the government transparent. The citizens will get copies of public documents if they apply for them.

Question 7.
What are the situations in our society where the Right to Information Act can be positively used? Discuss and prepare a note.
Answer:
In 2005, RTI Act was passed by the parliament. To get information is the fundamental right of all citizens. RTI Act is helpful socially, for all the subjects, quickly in our society.
Example: Waiting for the results after University Exam if delayed, RTI commission could be approached :

• To get information about certain legal affairs.
• Any problems concerned with government.

Question 8.
Discuss whether the Right to Service Act is helpful for the people to get the service they should obtain from Government offices.
Answer:
The responsible employer would have to pay the penalty if he fails in his duty. So, the people can get the service from Government offices at the right time.

Question 9.
What is the use of Ombudsman to the public? Prepare a note.
Answer:
Elected representatives and bureaucrats are part of administration. Complaints are filed against their corruptions to Ombudsman. People can directly approach Ombudsman with complaints.

Question 10.
Can we make Government services transparent and corruption free through the above mentioned system? Conduct a debate.
Answer:
For:

• Need not wait in Government offices for services.
• Receives Govt, service with less expense and quickly.
• Increases the efficiency and excellence of services.
• Receives feedback quickly.

Against:

• Is completely hidden in files.
• Life is free of corruption.
• Govt, services are obtained based on the financial status.

Public Administration Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Explain the need of public administration in a country?
Answer:
Public administration is related to governmental administration. It is the effective way of utilizing men and materials for implementing the existing law policies and developmental projects. Primary Health Centers, Police station Krishi Bhavan, Village office, Corporation office, Election Commission, and other government organisations are all the parts of public administration.

The responsibilities of these institutions must be strictly executed for the public welfare.There must be an accurate method of public administration for all the sectors of people in our country. The following is a list of a few public administration.

Centers and their duties are given:
1. Vanitha Commission: Ensures the rights and welfare of women.

2. Election Commission: Relates with the election procedures.

3. Human Rights Commission: Protects the rights of men.

4. Village office: Ensures the primary needs of people.

Question 2.
How are employees selected in a public administration system?
Answer:
Certain methods are adopted in the selection of employees to the public administrative system in India. The first step is the notification through Public Service Commission of India.Through this, the vacancies in various sections of governments are made known to the public. Later, through the exam conducted on the date notified or on the basis of interviews, candidates are selected and appointed.

Civil Service began during the British rule. It came to be the Civil Service of India after Independence. All the employees who work under the central and state governments and the employees under public sector undertakings are a part of India’s Civil Service. It is divided into All India Service, Central Service and State Service. The selection procedures of employees to these are given below.

All India Service:

• Recruits at national level.
• Appoints in Central Service or State Service.
  eg: IAS, IPS.

Central Service:

•  Recruits at national level.
•  Appoints in central government department only.
  eg: Indian Foreign Service, Indian Railway Service.

State Service:

• Recruits at State level
• Appoints in state government department
  eg: Sales Tax officer.

Candidates to All India Services and Central Services are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). The chairman and members of this commission are selected by the President of India. The UPSC has elaborate mechanisms for the selection based on qualifications.

In the state level, candidates are recruited by the Public Service Commission (PSC) of the state. The governor appoints the Chairman and the member of the State Public Service Commission. UPSC and state PSCs are on the basis of constitutional provisions and can be called constitutional institutions.

Question 3.
What are the features of bureaucracy ?
Answer:
Hierarchical organisation:
Bureaucracy is organised in such a way that there is one employee at the top and the number increases, when it reaches the lower levels. This is known as hierarchical organisation.

Permanence:
Persons appointed will continue in service till the age of retirement.

Appointment based on qualification:
Employees are recruited and appointed on the basis of educational qualification.

Political Neutrality:
Bureaucrats are liable to implement the policies of which ever party comes to power. Party interests should not reflect in their work.

Professionalism:
Every government employee must be skilled in their work.

Question 4.
Classify the bureaucracy in India and explain ?
Answer:
Kerala Public Service Commission notifies for the recruitment of employees to the government service. Then candidates are selected on the basis of competitive examinations and interviews and are appointed in different government sectors. All those appointed in this way become a part of the civil service of India.

The aim of it is to bring welfare programmers speedily to all. Now there are specific services at the central and state levels. All the employees who work under public sector undertakings are the part of India’s civil service. There are All India services, central services and state services.

Question 5.
What are the measures taken for the administrative reforms in India? Prepare a note.
Answer:
Government has taken a number of steps to increase the efficiency of services and to provide service to people within a time limit. This is called as administrative reforms. It makes the administration friendly and effective. Administrative reform commissions are made at national and state levels. Here are some steps taken for the reformation in our country.

E-Governance:
The single window system for Higher Secondary education, online applications for several scholarships etc are example of E-Governance. The use of electronic technology has helped to obtain the services of government effectively in a faster way.

Right to Information:
Every citizen has the right to collect the information from any government office about its working. This is under the Right to Information Act in 2005. The efforts of Mazdoor Kiran Shakthi Samghathan of Rajasthan led to this Act. The interventions of several organisations and social activities helped in passing this Act in 2005. The Right to Information ensures the right of all citizens of India to receive information.

Information Commission:
Files documents, circulars, memos, advice or orders, agreements statistics, reports, log books, press notes, samples, models, information in the form of electronic data, e-mail etc. related to government offices belong to public departments. Information commission helps to know everything.To perform the functions under the Right to information Act, Information Commissions are constituted at National and state levels.

A chief Information Commissioner and members not more than ten are in the Information Commission. If the information given is wrong and unsatisfactory we have the right to approach the Information Commission. If the commission is convinced a fine of Rs. 250 can be imposed on the employee.

Right to Service:
This ensures service to the people. This law determines the time limit for every service given by a government office. If the deserved service is not given within the time limit the responsible employee should pay fine. As per the Right to Service, an officer is appointed to give proper guidance and help to the applicants.

Lokpal and Lokayuktha:
These are the institutions to prevent corruption at administrative, bureaucratic and political levels. Lokpal has the power to register cases on issues of corruption against public workers and then suggest necessary actions. Lokayuktha hears the corruption cases at the state level. Both follow judicial procedures.

Central Vigilance Commission:
This is constituted at the national level to prevent corruption. It came in to force in 1964. It was formed to prevent corruption at central government offices.

Ombudsman:
Complaints of corruption against the elected representatives and bureaucrats who are a part of public administration are filed to ombudsman. A retired Judge of the High Court is appointed as Ombudsman. People can directly approach the Ombudsman with complaints.

He has the power to summon anyone on receiving the complaints, can order inquiry and recommend actions. Ombudsman began in the banking sector to hear the complaints of clients and rectify them.These actions recommended for the welfare of people as a part of administration maintains the public administration more trans parent.

Question 6.
How is E-Governance helpful to the public?
Answer:

• Need not wait in the government offices for services.
• Can receive service with the help of information technology.
• It services offers fast and at less expense.
• Enhances efficiency of offices and quality of the service.

Question 7.
Right to Information and Right to Service help to make public administration popular. Substantiate this statement.
Answer:
We can collect information from any government office about its working. People got this opportunity under the right to information act, 2005. This ensures the right of all citizens of India to receive information. The main objectives of this act are to prevent corruption, create responsibility and make the functioning of government transparent.

The citizens will get copies of public documents if they apply for them. Right to Service act is a law which ensures services to the public. As per the Right to Service Act, an officer is appointed in every government office to give guidance and proper help to the applicants. That is Right to Information and Right to Service helps to make public administration popular.

Question 8.
List out the steps taken to prevent corruption in India.
Answer:
1. Lokpal and Lokayuktha
2. Central vigilance commission
3. Ombudsman.

Public Administration Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare an application for getting information from an office under the Right to Information Act.
Answer:
From
Madhavan
Mahal Nivas
Ollavanna

To
Secretary
Grama Panchayath
Ollavanna

Based on RTI Act of 2005
Sir,
Sub: Amount spent for the electrification of houses for schedule tribes in the year 2015-16.
Could you kindly give details about how many applicants there were and how many money was spent in previous years. Expecting the reply within 15 days.
Ollavanna — Madhava
25/08/19  —  sd/-

Question 2.
Prepare a chart o the importance of All India Services.
Answer:
All the employees who work under the central and the state governments and the employees under the public sector under takings are part of India’s civil service. India’s civil service classification as All India Service, Central Service ans State Service.

All India Service.
Recruits at National level.
Appoints in the central or state service.
The UPSC has elaborate mechanisms for the recruitment of candidates based on qualification.
e.g., Indian Administrative Service.
Indian Foreign Service.
Indian Police Service.

Question 3.
Prepare a questionnaire to conduct an interview with the District Collector.
Answer:
Interview with kozhikode District Collector.

Sir, could you please share with me the inspiration behind your selection this position?

What were the changes you have thought to bring in Kozhikode before becoming the District Collector?

Sir, even in the presence of Lokpal, Lokayuktha, Central Vigilance Commission, Ombudsman being launched against corruption still corruption exists in Kerala. Don’t you long for a change ? How do you react as a district collector?

Sir, hope you have noted that vegetables from Tamil Nadu were sold less here in the Onam season. Do you expect the same for Vishu? As a District Collector, what all steps would you take to improve the agriculture sector of Kerala?

Though Kerala has developed in the educational field, the number of suicidal attempts have also increased. A change in our educational system is unavoidable. Sir, what all changes could be made possible?

Sir, M. C. Noufal was arrested here in Kozhikode for raping a woman from Bangladesh. Though many were arrested they were refused saved. Let me ask you sir with due respect, don’t you long for a change in the system of punishment here ?

Public Administration Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List out the changes and objectives of public Administrative in monarchy and democracy.
Monarchy – The interest of the Monarch were the basis of public administration.
Democracy –
Answer:

Democracy – Importance is given to the interests of the people.

Question 2.
Complete the diagram showing the importance of public administration
Answer:

• Formulate government policies.
• Ensure welfare of the people.
• Find out solutions to public issues.
• Provides goods and services.

Question 3.
Some features of public administration are given in column A. Find out the definitions of each one of them in column B.
i. Hierarchical Organisation – one employee at the top and the number increases when it reaches the lower levels.
ii. Permanence- i
iii.Appointment on the Basic of qualification- iii
iv. Political Neutrality – iii.
x Professionalism – iv
Answer:
i. Permanence – Persons appointed will continue in service till the age of retirement.
ii. Appointment on the basis of qualification- Employees are recruited and appointed on the basis of educational qualification.
iii. Political Neutrality – Bureaucrats are liable to implement the policies of which ever party comes to power. Party inters ts should not reflect in their work. They should act neutrally.
iv. Professionalism – Every government employee must be skilled in their work.

Question 4.
Find out the functions of the following constitutional institutions.
1. State public service commission.
2. Union Public Service Commission.
Answer:
1. State Public Service Commission – At the state level, candidates are recruited by the public service commission of the state.

2. Union Public Service Commission- Candidates to all India services and central services are recruited by the Indian Public service commission.

Question 5.
Complete the short showing the classification of India’s Civil Service.
All India Service
Central Service
State Service
Answer:
All India Service: Recruits at national level, Appoints in the central or state service.
Eg: Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police.

Central Service : Recruits at national level, Appoints in central government departments only.
Eg: Indian foreign service, Indian Railway Service.

State Service: Recruits at state level, Appoints in state government departments only.
Eg: Sales Tax Officer

Question 6.
Find out and list the benefits of E – Governance to Public.
Need not to wait in government offices for services.
Answer:

• Can receive service with the help of information technology.
• Government services offered speedily and with less expense.
• Efficiency of the offices and quality of the service get enhanced.

Question 7.
Prepare a sample applications of Right to Information Act 2005
Answer:
From
Smitha Vijayan
DeviVihar
Arppookara

To
Secretary
Grama panchayath
Arpookara

Sir,
I request you to furnish information regarding the following questions under the right to information act 2005.

• In the academic year 2015-2016 what is the amount of money taken from the fund for the constriction of houses for the backward castes in arpookara grama panchayath.
• What was the amount of money spent in the past years for this purpose.
• Expecting reply within 15 days.

Question 8.
Lokpal, and Lokayukta are institutions constituted to prevent corruption at administrative, bureacrative and political level, find out the features and complete the chart.

Answer:

Lokpal	Lokayukta
The institution constituted at national level to prevent corruption is called Lokpal.	Lokayukta is the institution constituted at the state level to hear the corruption cases.
Lokpal has the power to register cases on issues of corruption against employees and pub lie workers and can suggest necessary actions.	Follow judicial Procedures.

Question 9.
Right to service Act is a law which ensures services to the people. Find out and list the treasures of Right to service Act. This law determines the time limit for every service given by a government office.
Answer:

• If the deserved service is not given within this time limit, the responsible employee should pay a fine.
• An officer is appointed in every government office to give guidance and proper help to the applicants.

Question 10.
Compare and the list out central vigilance commission and state vigilance commission.
Answer:
Central Vigilance Commission :
The Central Vigilance Commission constituted at national level to prevent Corruption, Central Vigilance Commission, it came into effect into 1964, Formed to prevent corruption in central government offices, in every department there will be a chief vigilance officer.

State Vigilance Commission :
Constituted at State level to prevent corruption, Inquires in to corruption in the state government offices.

Question 11.
Complete the diagram of administrative reform measures adopted by the government.

Answer:

• Right to information.
• Information commission.
• Lokpal and lokayuktha.

12. Complete the concept map given below.

Answer:

• Create responsibility
• The citizen will get copies of public documents if they apply for them.

Public Administration Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
‘Public Administration is about Governmental Administration’ on the basis of Gladden’s definition examine the features of public administration.
Answer:
From the definition of Gladden we can under stand that the important area of public administration is governmental administration. Public administration is the effective utilization of men and materials for the implementation of existing laws, governmental policies, programmer and developmental projects. Government try to find the solutions to various problems and ensure the welfare of the people through public administration.
Significance of Public administration.

• Formulate government policies.
• Provide goods and services.
• Ensure welfare the people.
• Find out solutions to public issues.

Question 2.
Explain Gandhiji’s vision on public administration.
Answer:
Gandhiji expected the protection of the interests of all through public administration. But there are a number of persons in our society who require special consideration and protection. Fie opined that public administration should consider them specially and protect them. Gandhiji’s concept of Grama Swaraj influenced India’s outlook of public administration to a great extent.

Question 3.
Define Bureaucracy. Examine the features of Bureaucracy?
Answer:
The employees who work under public administrative system are together known as Bureaucracy.

Features of Bureaucracy:
Hierarchical Organisation:
Bureaucracy is organised in such a way that there is one employee at the top and the number increases when it reaches the lower levels. This is known as Hierarchical organisation.

Permanance:
Persons appointed will continue in service till the age of retirement. Appointment on the basis of qualification Employees are recruited and appointed on the basis of educational qualification.

Political Neutrality:
Bureaucrats are liable to implement the policies of whichever party comes to power. Party interests should not reflect in their work.They should act neutrally.

Professionalism:
Every Government employee must be skilled in their work.

Question 4.
Name of the feature of bureaucracy which intercepts quick decisions.
a. Political Neutrality.
b.Professionalism.
c. Permanence.
d. Hierarchical organisation.
Answer:.
Hierarchical Organisation.

Question 5.
The Rajasthan based organisation paved the way for the legislation of right to Information Act.
a. Narmada Bachao Andolan.
b. Swabhimana Prasthanam
c. Mazdoor Kisan sakthi Sangathan.
d. Bharatiya Kissan Union.
Answer:
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan.

Question 6.
Write a short note on the functions of central and state information commission.
Answer:
To perform the functions under the right to information act, Information Commissions are constituted at national and state levels.

Question 7.
State level organisation to prevent corruption at administrative, bureaucratize and political levels
a. Lokpal b. Lokayuktha
c. Central Vigilance Commission d Child rights commission
Answer:
Lokyukta

Question 8.
Match the items of column A with B

A	B
1. All India Service	i. Sales Tax Officer
2.Central Service	ii. Indian Police Service
3.State Service	iii.Indian Railway Service

Answer:
1-ii,
2-iii,
3-i.

Question 9.
The Institution constituted at the national level to prevent corruption in 1964
a. NitiAyog.
b. Administrative Tribunal.
c. Central Information Commission.
d. Central Vigilance Commission.
Answer:
Central Vigilance Commission.

Question 10.
UPSC and PSC are caused constitutional institutions why?
Answer:
UPSC( Union Public Service Commission) and state PSC are constituted on the basic of constitutional provisions.So they are called constitutional institutions.

Question 11.
Define E-Governance and write down two examples of E – Governance.
Answer:
E- governance is the use of electronic technology in administration . This help to obtain government services easily in a speedy manner. The single window system for admission to higher secondary courses, Online applications for various scholarships etc are exam pies for E- governance.

Question 12.
Explain different administrative reforms adopted by government for increasing the affiance of service.
Answer:
information Commission:
To perform the functions under the right to information act, In formation Commissions are constituted at the national and state levels. There will be a chief Information commission and not more than ten members in the Information Com mission.

Central Vigilance Commission:
The Central Vigilance Commission is the institution constituted at the national level to prevent corruption. It came into effect in 1964. It is formed to prevent corruption in the central government offices.The Central Vigilance Commissioner is the head of the Central Vigilance Commission.

Lokpal and Lokayuktha:
Lokpal and lokayuktha are institutions constituted to prevent corruption at administrative, bureaucratic and political levels, the institution constituted at the national level to prevent corruption is lokpal.

Lokpal has the power to register cases on issues of corruption against employees and public workers and can suggest necessary actions. Lokayukta is the institution constituted at the state level to hear the corruption cases.

Ombudsman:
Elected representatives and bureaucrats are part of public administration. Complaints can be filed against their corruption,nepotism or financial misappropriation or negligence of duties. Ombudsman is constituted for this purpose.

Public Administration SCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Pick out any two public administration institutions and write about their functions.
Answer:

Institution	Functions
a. Krishi Bhavan	Promotes agriculture
b. Police Station	Maintains law and order
c. Primary health center	Provides treatment for illness

Question 2.
What are the differences found in the public administration under monarchy and democracy?
Answer:

• In monarchy, the interest of the monarch is the basis of public administration,
• In democracy importance is given to the interests of the people.

Question 3.
Explain the importance of public administration.
Answer:

• Ensures welfare of people
• Formulates government policies
• Provides goods and services
• Finds out solution for public grievances

Question 4.
Explain the importance of bureaucracy in public administration.
Answer:

• Makes the public administration system dynamic,
• Services of the government made accessible to the people ,
• Performs the day- to-day administration of the country.

Question 5.
What is meant by hierarchical organisation and permanence of bureaucracy.
Answer:

• Organization made up of one employee at the top and more towards the bottom.
• Persons once appointed as employee will continue in service till the age of retirement. This is permanency.

Question 6.
Prepare a note on civil service in India.
Answer:

• All India service
• Central services
• Stateservice. Explain hints

Question 7.
Why PSC and UPSC are called as constitutional institutions?
Answer:
UPSC and PSC are constituted on the basis of constitutional provisions. So they are cal led as constitutional institutions.

Question 8.
Find out the factors that adversely affect the efficiency of public administration.
Answer:

• Inefficiency of bureaucracy,
• Corruption
• Shortage of employees

Question 9.
Write a brief note on e-Governance implemented as part of administrative reforms?
Answer:

• e-Governance is the use of electronic technology in administration. This helps people to obtain government services quickly and easily .
• Information technology is used in the field of public service.
• Government service is made available less expensively expensively

Question 10.
A road constructed before six months in your place is damaged now. You became aware that there is some corruption, Prepare an application under Right to Information Act addressing panchayat secretary to get the details of it.
Answer:
To Prepare an application under the RTI Act.

Question 11.
What are the benefits attained by society as a result of formulation of the Right to Information Act.
Answer:

• Controlled corruption,
• Increased the responsibility of bureaucrats,
• Functioning of government became transparent.

Question 12.
Explain the structure of Information Commission?
Answer:

• Central Information Commission,
• Chief Information Commissioner and not more than ten members,
• State Information Commission.

Question 13.
How the Right to Service Act is helpful to people?
Answer:

• Ensures government services to people.
• Gets service within time limit.
• Employee should pay fine in case of delay.
• Appoints an officer in charge as per Right to Service Act in all offices to give service.

Question 14.
Differentiate the functioning of Lokpal and Lokayuktha?
Answer:
Lokpal:

• Institution constituted to prevent corruption charges at national level
• Has the power to register cases of corruption against employees and public workers.

Lokayuktha :

• Constituted at state level to hear corruption cases.
• Follow Judicial procedures

Question 15.
From the following select the statement appropriate to central vigilance commission and state vigilance commission?
a. Esquires about corruption in state government offices.
b. Institution to prevent corruption at national level.
Answer:
a. State vigilance commission .
b. Central vigilance commission

Question 16.
How the functioning of Ombudsman helps the public to prevent corruption.
Answer:

• Complaints against corruption among elected representatives and bureaucrats can be filed in Ombudsman,
• People can directly approach Ombudsman to give complaints.
• Ombudsman can enquirer into such complaints and recommend actions.

Question 17.
Compare and list the different levels of civil services in India.
Answer:

• All India Service
• Central Service
• State Service

Question 18.
What is considered as corruption by modern society?
Answer:

• Delayed service, Denial of right to service is corruption.
• Making service as a favor.

Public Administration Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The chairman and the members of this commission are appointed by
Answer:
The president of India

NSUI full form stands for National Students’ Union of India.

Question 2.
What is the full form of U. P. S.C ?
Answer:
Union Public Service Commission.

Question 3.
In which year Central Vigilance Commission come into effect ?
Answer:
1964

Question 4.
Write a note on Akshaya Center and E-literacy.
Answer:
For the benefit of people, Akshaya centers have been constituted to make use of Government service delivered through E – governance. It also aims at making people E-literate. E – literacy is the awareness about basic information about technology.

Question 5.
Prepare a seminar report on the importance of public administration.
Answer:
Without public administration, the government cannot operate and manage activities effectively and efficiently. The administration plays a vital role for delivering and distributing the public services to all comers of the country.

Administration spreads all over the country for supplying the governmental and public goods and services up to the villages and door to door. The administration is not operating and managing the activities properly and smoothly in developing countries. The scopes of administration shows the importance of public administration.

Following are the importance of Public Administration:
Management of Public Service, Distribution Social Change, Disaster Management, Population Control, Preservation of Human Right, Management of Industrial Relationship, Internal and External attached Economic Development. These points show that the administration is used all over the sections of the country.

Question 6.
Write a note on Administrative Tribunal.
Answer:
Actions are taken by various government departments against the government officials. The Administrative Tribunal is the institution where the employees can lodge their complaints against such actions. ”

Question 7.
The famous western administrative thinker Gladden says “ Public administration is concerned with an administration of the government”. On the basis of this definition, explain the relationship between Public administration and the government.
Answer:
From this definition we can understand that the important area of public administration is governmental administration. Public administration is the effective utilization of men and materials for the implementation of existing laws, governmental policies, programmers and developmental projects and the government has constituted a number of institutions for this purpose. All these governmental institutions are part of public administration. They function for the welfare of the people.

An administrative system is needed for governments to exist and function. The history of public administration begins with the formation of state. Based on differences in the form of government we can find differences in public administration also. In a monarchy, the interests of the monarch was the basis of public administration. But in a democratic system, importance is given to the interests of the people. Democratic administration becomes more effective and efficient through public administration.

You can Download The Danger of a Single Story Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 3 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 3 Chapter 3 The Danger of a Single Story (Speech)

Std 10 English Textbook The Danger of a Single Story Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How does Adichie begin her speech? What is striking about it?
Answer:
She tells the audience that she is story teller. The striking thing about it is that it captures the attention of her listeners or readers.

Question 2.
How does Adichie describe the characters in herearly writings?
Answer:
Her characters were, white and blue eyed. They played in the snow. They ate apples. They talked a lot about the weather and how lively it was that the sun had come out.

Question 3.
How did Adichie feel when she read books authored byAchebe and Laye?
Answer:
When she read books authored by Achebe and Laye, Adichie felt that people like her with chocolate colour and kinky hair could also exist in literature.

Question 4.
How did American and British books help her in her writing?
Answer:
They helped in stirring her imagination and opened up new worlds before her.

Question 5.
Why was Adichie startled when she visited Fide’s village?
Answer:
She had thought that poor people could hardly do anything. But when she visited Fide’s village, Fide’s mother showed her a beautifully patterned basket made from dyed raffia that Fide’s brother had made. Adichie was surprised that a poor boy could make such a beautiful thing.

Question 6.
Why was Adichie’s roommate shocked?
Answer:
Adichie’s roommate was shocked because Adichie spoke English quite well.

Question 7.
Adichie talks about the ‘no possibilities’ in this single story. What does she mean by this?
Answer:
She means that her roommate could never imagine that there was a possibility of people like her in Africa. Her roommate knew only the ‘single story’ of Africa that it is a dark continent.

Question 8.
Why did the professor say that her characters were ‘not authentically African’?
Answer:
He said like that because her characters were like him, educated and middle class. Her characters drove cars and they were not starving. The professor thought that such things are not authentically African.

Question 9.
What is the problem of a single story according to Adichie?
Answer:
The problem with single story is that it creates stereotypes. Stereotypes may not be untrue but they are not complete. Single story gives people a wrong picture of things.

The Danger of a Single Story (Speech) Textual Activities and Answers

Activity 1

Question 1.
In her speech Adichie says, “All these stories make me who I am.”
Listen to her speech on www.TED.com and pick out the instances of personal stories from it.

One instance is given for you.
The story of her childhood when she started reading the age of 4 and writing when she was 7.
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Her reading of foreign books, especially American and British.
Her reading of Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye. The coming of Fide as the houseboy when she was 8.
Her mother telling her how poor Fide’s family is. Her visit to the village of Fide.
Her going to the USA when she was 19.
Her experiences with her roommate.
The comment about her characters by a professor who felt that her characters were not authentically African.
The tragedies she experienced – grandparents dying in refugee camps, her cousin Polle dying because of the lack of proper healthcare, her friend Okoloma dying in a plane crash as the fire trucks had no water and how the repressive military governments, which did not give priority to education, did not sometimes even pay salaries to her parents.

Activity 2

→ To be done by students after listening to the TED speech.

Activity 3

Question 2.
Critically analyse the speech of Chimamande Ngozi Adikie and discuss the dangers of a single story in perceiving people and events in the world. Prepare a write-up based on the points of your discussion.
Answer:
The Danger of a Single Story A single story creates stereo types. The problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but they are incomplete. The experience of Chimamanda Adichie, while she was a student in the USA, proves the point. Her American roommate was surprised to hear Adichie speak English so well and she liked the songs of Mariah Carey. The American roommate could never imagine that a girl from Nigeria would speak English or listen to singers like Mariah Carey. Many British, Canadians or Australians feel surprised when Indians speak fluent English because they think that Indians can’t speak English well.

misinform and misguide people. They had a servant, whose name was Fide. Her mother always talked about the poverty of Fide. Adichie once visited Fide’s home and found his brother was a fine craftsman who could make beautifully patterned baskets. But she knew only of their poverty and not their artistic skills. This is what happens to many of us. We hear just one thing about a person or about a country. We don’t hear other things about him or the country. And so our opinion about the person and the country remains prejudiced. In India there are many street magicians an snake charmers. Many people in Africa and Europe think that all Indians know magic and they can handle snakes like Vava Suresh.

We all have heard the story of six blind men going to ‘see’ the elephant. Each of them felt with their hands a different hart of the elephant. The person who felt the leg of the elephant said that an elephant is like a pillar. The one who felt the ear said that an elephant is like a hand-fan. To the one who felt the tail an elephant was like a stick! They all were right in their own limited way, but they were all wrong about their concept of the elephant.

So before coming to conclusions we should hear not a single story about something, but different stories about it. Otherwise we will remain prejudiced like the blind men in the story.

Let’s find out how language elements work.

Activity 1

Question 2.
Consider the following sentence from the story “The Best Investment I Ever Made”:
“Excuse me, doctor, I wonder if I might introduce myself.”
This is a very formal way of introducing oneself.
Can you complete the following table with formal and informal expressions wherever necessary?

Language function	Formal	Informal
Making a request	I would like to have a word with you.
Offering help		I’ll help you.
Giving advice	You’d better consult a doctor.	Consult a doctor today.
Asking for permission		Can I have a pen?
Asking for direction
Giving options
Agreeing
Disagreeing

Answer:

Language Function	Formal	Informal
Making a request	I would like to have a word with you.	I want to talk to you.
Offering help	May I help you?	I’ll help you.
Giving advice	You’d better consult a doctor.	Consult a doctor today.
Asking per permission	May I borrow your pen?	Can I have a pen?
Asking for direction	Would you mind telling me how to get to the railway station?	How can I get to the railway station?
Giving options	You may choose this or that.	Take what you like.
Agreeing	I do agree with you.	I quite agree.
Disagreeing	I beg to differ on this.	I don’t agree here.

Question 3.
Now, complete the following conversation between Mr and Mrs John and DrCronin using formal expressions.
Mr John : Excuse me, doctor, I wonder if I might introduce myself.
Dr. Cronin : Of course. _____________________________________________.
Mr.John : ________________________________________. I am afraid you
may not remember me.
Dr.Cronin : _____________________________________________________________
Mr John : By the way, may I take the privilege of introducing my wife?
Dr.Cronin : _______________________________ Mrs. John.
Mrs. John : Good morning doctor ____________________________________
Dr.Cronin : _______________________________________________________
Mr.John : _______________________________________________________
Answer:
Mr. John : Excuse me, doctor, I wonder if I might introduce myself,
Dr. Cronin : Of course, you may do so.
Mr. John : I am John whom you once helped. I am afraid you may not remember me.
Dr. Cronin : Oh Yes, now I remember. That was long ago, isn’t it? How are you now?
Mr. John : By the way, may I take the privilege of introducing my wife?
Dr. Cronin : Pleased to meet you, Mrs. John.
Mr. John : Good morning doctor. John has always been speaking about you.
Dr. Cronin !t is good of him. I didn’t do anything great for him.
Mr. John : No, doctor. You did really something great for me. You changed my life entirely for the better.

Activity 2

Question 4.
1. f you spare a few minutes with me, I can convey the message.
2. If the sergeant refused to oblige, the young man would go to the prison.
3. If I had prepared well, I would have performed well on the stage.

Discuss:
Can split the above sentences into two? Yes, I can.

• Is there a subject and a verb in both the parts? Yes, there is.
• What will you call the two parts with verbs in each of them? Clauses.
• Identify the verb forms in both the parts of the sentences:
  1. spare – simple present; can convey – future
  2. refused – simple past; would go – conditional
  3. had prepared – past perfect; would have performed – conditional perfect

Now complete the following sentences suitably:
Answer:

1. If you had enough money, you would buy a car.
2. I will come if you invite me.
3. If you had informed me, I would have come in time.
4. If she comes, I will be happy.
5. If he had known about it, he would not have said such things.
6. If they tried, they would succeed.

Activity 3

Question 5.
Read the following sentence from the story “The Best investment I ever Made”.
No sooner had the sergeant banged the door than he saw the doctor hurriedly coming down.

• Which event happened first? banging the door.
• What was the second event? the coming of the doctor.
• Did the second event happen immediately or after some time? Immediately after.
• How have we linked the two events?

By using no sooner…. than.

Note: When the second event occurs immediately after the first, they can be connected with “No sooner …. than”. “No sooner” should be added to the event that occurred first. ‘Had’ or ‘did’ is used along with ‘No sooner’.

Read the following sentences and complete them suitably:
1. No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
No sooner did I reach the station than the train left.

2. No sooner had we heard the sound than we rushed to the spot.
No sooner did ____________________________________________________.

3. No sooner had ____________________________________________________.
No sooner did she finish the project than she started a new one.

4. ___________________________ I received her call ___________ I left the house.
__________________________________________________________________.
Answer:
1. No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
No sooner did I reach the station than the train left.

2. No sooner had we heard the sound than we rushed to the spot.
No sooner did we hear the sound than we rushed to the spot.

3. No sooner had she finished the project than she started a new one.
No sooner did she finish the project than she started a new one.

4. No sooner had I received her call than I left the house.
No sooner did I receive her call than I left the house.

Question 6.
It is possible to express the same idea using ‘hardly/ scarcely… when’.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Answer:

1. Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.
2. Scarcely had we heard the sound when we rushed to the shot.
3. Hardly had she finished the project when she started a new one.
4. Scarcely had I received her call when I left the house.

Question 7.
Now, read the following sentence and see how it is different from the previous one. You may rewrite the other sentences too.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Answer:

1. As soon as I reached the station, the train left.
2. As soon as we heard the sound, we rushed to the spot.
3. As soon as she finished the project she started a new one.
4. As soon as I received her call I left the house.

Activity 4

Read the following sentences from the story The Best Investment I Ever Made.
I was awakened by a loud banging on the door.
He had taken a sum of money from the office safe for a final gamble.

You have learnt about noun phrases and verb phrases in the earlier units. Now, let’s have a look at the prepositional phrases. The words given in bold in the above sentences are prepositional phrases.

The preposition is followed by an object. The preposition and the object together form a prepositional phrase.
I am going into the forest.

Now, read the following sentences and identify the prepositional phrases in each sentence.
1. Come into the garden with me.
____________________________________________________________

2. She wanted to go to the movies.
____________________________________________________________

3. The girl from the nearby city left her purse in the lab.
____________________________________________________________

4. The stories in that book were translated by my friend.
____________________________________________________________

5. She was looking for a man with money.
____________________________________________________________
Answer:

1. Come into the garden with me.
   (into the garden, with me)
2. She wanted to go to the movies,
   (to the movies)
3. The girl from the nearby city left her purse in the pub.
   (from the nearby city, in the pub).
4. The stories in that book were translated by my friend,
   (in that book, by my friend)
5. She was looking for a man with money,
   (for a man, with money)

The Danger Of A Single Story About the author:

– Chimamanda Adichie

Chimamanda Adichie (b. 1977) is a Nigerian novelist, non-fiction writer and short story writer. She occupies an important place among the young English writers of Africa. Her works include Purple Hibiscus, Half of a Yellow Sun and Americanah.

The Danger Of A Single Story Summary in English

Page – 95
I am a story teller. I would like to tell you a few personal stories to show you the danger of a single story. I grew up in a university campus in Eastern Nigeria. My mother says I started reading at 2. But I think I did it when I was 4.1 am a reader and I used to read mostly British and American children’s books.

I was also an early writer. I started writing when I was 7.1 wrote stories in pencil with crayon drawings. My poor mother had to read them. I wrote exactly like the kind of stories I read. All my characters were white and blue-eyed. They played in the snow. They ate apples. They talked a lot about the weather and how lovely it was when the sun came out. I had never been outside Nigeria. We did not have snow. We ate mangoes and we never talked about the weather as there was no need to.

Page – 96
This shows how impressionable and vulnerable we are to a story, especially when we are children. Since I read books whose characters were foreign, I thought books should have foreigners in them and should be about things I could not personally identify. Things changed when I found African books. Not many were available and they were not easy to find. When I read Chinua Achebe (Nigerian writer) and Camara Laye (writer from Guinea), I realised that people like me could also exist in literature. We have skin colour like chocolate and hair kinky which could not form pony tails. Now I started writing about things I recognized. I loved the American and British books I read. They stirred my imagination and opened a new world for me. African writers showed me that books can be about different things.

Page – 97
I come from a conventional middle-class family. My father was a professor. My mother was an administrator. We had a live-in domestic help, who came from a village nearby. Wheh I was 8, we got a new houseboy, Fide. My mothertold us that his family was very poor. My mother sent yams (“kachil”), rice and old clothes to his family. When I could not finish my food, my mother would say. “Finish it. Don’t you know that people like Fide’s family have nothing to eat?” I felt pity for Fide’s family.

One Saturday we went to Fide’s village. His mother showed us a beautifully patterned basket of dyed raffia that his brother had made. I was surprised. I never thought a member of his family could make something. I had heard enough of their poverty, I simply knew only one thing about them – they were poor. Their poverty was my single story of them.

Years later, I thought about this when I left Nigeria to study in the USA. I was 19. My American roommate was shocked by me. She asked me where I had learned to speak English so well. She was confused when I told her that English was the official language of Nigeria. She asked me to play for her some ‘tribal music’ and was disappointed to see that my tape had Mariah Carey.

She had felt sorry for me even before she saw me. She had pity for me as I was an African. My roommate had a single story of Africa. I n this single story she could not imagine that anybody in Africa could be like her in anyway.

Page – 98
Before I went to the US, I did not consciously identify as African. But in the US whenever Africa has mentioned people turned to me. I got the identity of an African. But I get angry when people refer to Africa as if it is just one country. After living for some years in the US, I understood my roommate’s response to me. If I did not grow up in Nigeria and if all I knew about Africa was from popular images I too would think like her. To people like her Africa was a place of beautiful landscapes, animals and incomprehensible people. The Africans, they thought, were unable to think for themselves. They were waiting to be saved by some white foreigners. They saw Africa, in the same way, I saw Fide’s family when I was young.

My American roommate must have heard different versions of a single story about Africa. A professor once told me that my novel was not ‘authentically African’. He told me that my characters were too much like him, educated and middle class. My characters drove cars. They were not starving. Therefore, he thought, they were not authentically African.

I learned that writers were to have unhappy childhoods to be successful. If that is true, I had to invent horrible things my parents had done to me. But the truth is I had a happy childhood full of love and laughter. Mine was a close knit family.

But I also had grandfathers who died in refugee camps. My cousin Polle died because he could not get adequate healthcare. One of my closest friends, Okoloma, died in a plane crash because our fire trucks did not have water. I grew up under repressive military governments that devalued education so that sometimes my parents were not paid their salaries.

All of these stories make me who I am. Giving importance only to the negative things is not good. The single story creates stereotypes. Stereotypes . may be true, but they are incomplete. They make one story become the only story.

The Danger Of A Single Story Summary in Malayalam

The Danger Of A Single Story Glossary

You can Download My Sister’s Shoes Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 2 My Sister’s Shoes (Screenplay)

Std 10 English Textbook My Sister’s Shoes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The scene begins with a close-up shot. What frame would a filmmaker normally use when the characters (Cobbler &Ali) speak?
Answer:
Medium shot

Question 2.
Apart from the cobbler’s shop what other details do you get about the space in which the actions in Scene 1 take place?
Answer:
A street. A door with curtain hanging on it which appears to open into a row house.

Question 3.
How many characters are introduced in scene 1? Who are they?
Answer:
Three, Cobbler, Ali and a man with a parcel.

Question 4.
In scene 1 and 2 close up shots of the hands of the cobbler and Ali are shown. Do they serve any purpose? Explain.
Answer:
They are in close up because they emphasize the work they are doing. It will show what kinds of people are expected in the film. Such shots establish the ground work for the story to take off.

Question 5.
Where is the location shifted to?
Answer:
The location is shifted to a footpath outside the bakery.

Question 6.
What could be the camera movement in this scene? Why is the camera moved in this manner?
Answer:
Boom/Crane shot. To show that the junk collector is * taking away the bundle of shoes.

Question 7.
What are the events taking place in scene 3?
Answer:
Ali goes to the vegetable shop. He takes potatoes and asks the shopkeeper to write it in the account. A junk collector comes and collects the junk. He thinks the bundle of shoes is also part of the junk, he throws it into his cart. In his eagerness to locate the bundle, Ali scatters vegetables on the ground. The shop keeper is angry and tells Ali to get lost.

Question 8.
Which of the events is crucial in bringing about a twist tn the narrative?
Answer:
The taking away of the bundle of shoes by the junk collector.

Question 9.
What impression do you get about the financial status of Ali’s family? Support your answer with evidence from the text.
Answer:
Ali’s family is very poor. We see Ali buying things on credit. The shopkeeper tells Ali that the credit limit has reached and he should ask his mother to pay at least part of the payment due to him.

Question 10.
What interesting strategy does the director make use of in presenting the ‘talks’ between Ali and his sister? Why do you think they communicate in such away?
Answer:
They communicate by writing in the notebook and then passing the notebook to the other. They do that because they don’t want to let the parents know about the loss of the shoes.

Question 11.
Do you think the sound of a hammer is used deliberately in this scene? What effect does it produce?
Answer:
Yes, it is used deliberately. It tells us that that father of Ali is a worker with wood (joiner or carpenter) as he is chopping wooden flints with a hammer on a block.

Question 12.
Apart from showing the characters, does the director make use of any visual image to add on to what he intends to communicate?
Answer:
Yes, he does. As an example we see the passing of the notebook between Ali and Zahra. They don’t want their parents to know about the loss of the shoes. Ali will be scolded or even beaten if his father comes to know that he was careless enough to lose the shoes of Zahra. Ali’s father is not rich enough to buy her another pair immediately.

Write a script for a short video on any one of the following themes. (Or, you may choose a theme other than those listed.) You may shoot it using a digital camera and upload it on YouTube.

Question 13.
Leadership Quality, Unity of People, Incidents of Bravery, Child Labour, Evils of Smoking or Alcoholism, Wasting Food, Need for Social Change, Safe Driving, Preservation of Nature, Learning Disorders in Children, Values, Safe Earth, Save Tiger, Global Warming.
Answer:
The following points may help you.

1. Watch other people’s films You can teach yourself a lot about filmmaking by watching: short online videos, advertisements, feature films, etc. Look at what you like, and what you don’t like, and try and work out how and why the filmmaker made it that way.

2. Build your skills Learn how to use a camera and find out what it can do when you place it in different angles or use different lens settings. Try shooting different kinds of shots with your camera, recording good sound, and editing them. Watch a short scene from a film you like and see if you can copy it exactly.

3. Get organised Once you’ve got your idea, create a script and storyboards or shot lists. Use a digital still camera if you are not able to prepare the storyboard.

4. Keep it short and simple Have you got a strong idea? Write the idea down for your film in 50 to 75 words. If you can’t do that, it’s not clear enough. Keep the film short. People are more likely to watch an online video if they know it’s only 60  econds long.

5. Shoot separate shots Learn the different shot sizes. Use a variety of shots rather than just panning and zooming. Use plenty of close up shots to show the important things. Place your camera in different angles and not just from the front.

6. Get the sound right A good movie with a bad sound track will lose viewers faster than bad movies with good sound track. Use a microphone to record the sound right. If the sound cannot be recorded right, then fake it using sound effects, or edit our film to a recorded voiceover.

7. Edit it right Editing is an interesting job. It’s not about just getting rid of the bad stuff, it’s where your film will really come together. Get the pace right: make sure your film doesn’t drag, or that shots don’t flash past too quickly. Make sure your film makes sense. You can seek the help of technicians in this field if necessary.

My Sister’s Shoes About the author:

– Majid Majidi

From Children of Heaven (Bacheh-ye Aseman) directed by Majid Majidi Majid Majidi was born in 1959. He is an Iranian film director, producer and screenwriter. He has directed many feature films including The Colour of Paradise (1999), Baran (2001) and The Willow Tree (2005). Majidi directed the film “Children of Heaven” in 1998. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

My Sister’s Shoes Summary in English

Page – 56
→ Scene 1

Cobbler’s shop
Close up of a cobbler stitching a girl’s shoe. Only the pink shoe and the cobbler’s hands are in the frame. The camera moves back to middle distance to show Ali. He is sitting on a low chair next to the cobbler and watching him work. The cobbler finishes the stitching of the shoe, picks up the other one of the pair and gives them to Ali.

Cobbler : That’ll be 30 Toumans.
Ali : Thankyou(giveSmoneytothecobbler)
Cobbler : Here is your change (picks up coins from the money box to give Ali).

Cut to the Street Outside

Page – 57
Seen from across the street. The cobbler’s shop can be seen. To the right of the shop is a door with a curtain. It looks the door opens into a row house. Ali is leaving the shop.

Ali’s voice: Thank you.
Cobbler’s voice : You are welcome. Goodbye.

A man with a parcel under his arm comes to the curtained door. He lifts the curtain and goes in. Ali comes out of the shop. He puts the shoes into a small black bag in his hands. He walks down the street and moves out of the frame on the left.

→ Scene 2

Bakery
Inside the bakery. Shots of bread being baked. Close up of a hand putting into the stove kneaded flour spread on a baking board and taking out the baked nan. The camera pans slightly to the right to show Ali picking up the nan dropped by the cook and stacking them on a cloth spread on a wooden plank. The camera moves back to showAli and three cooks sitting around the stove. They are kneading and putting it inside the stove. Ali finishes stacking the man and ties up the cloth into a bundle.

Page – 58
→ Scene 3

The footpath outside the bakery
A small group of men are waiting in a queue outside the bakery to buy nan. The outline of buildings in the street is seen in the distance. Ali comes from the bakery to the footpath. The parcel of nan is in his right hand and the parcel of shoes is in his left. He crosses the pavement and walks into a vegetable store. He keeps the bundle of nan on a pile of boxes of vegetables stacked in front of the shop. He places the bag of shoes in the small gap between two boxes.

On the sound track a hawker’s voice is heard : “Salt, salt for trade.” The shopkeeper is behind the counter.
Ali (to the shopkeeper) : Assalamu Alaikum, Aqbar Aqa, I need some potatoes.
Akbar, the shopkeeper, gives Ali a small black bag to put potatoes in. Ali starts picking the large, good potatoes in a box at the top of the heap.
Akbar : Not those, kid. Pick some down there.
Ali moves to his right, squats down, and fills the bag with smaller potatoes from a box on the floor. Close up of Ali picking the potatoes.

Cut to view of the shop from the pavement

A man pushing a handcart filled with junk enters the frame from the right and stops in front of the shop.
The junk collector (loudly), to the shop keeper : Assalamu Alaikum. With your permission.
The junk collector picks up the bundles of used polythene bags lying scattered on the floor near the boxes of vegetables and throws them into the cart. He sees Ali’s parcel of shoes. Thinking it is junk, he picks it up and puffin the cart.

The junk collector: Goodbye.
Akbar: Goodbye.
The junk collector leaves.

Cut to view from inside the shop

Page – 59
Akbar is on the left ledge of the frame counting money.
Cut to Ali filling his bag with potatoes.
Ali finishes filling the bag and hands it to Akbar for weighing. Akbar holds the bag in his hand to feel the weight for a moment and hands it back to Ali.
Akbar : Sixty five Toumans.
Ali : Mom said to put it on our tab.
Akbar : Tell her your account has reached its limit. She should pay at least part of it.
Ali : Alright.

Cut to view from outside the shop

Ali goes to the pile of boxes and picks up the bundle of nan. He then looks for the bag of shoes. Unable to find it, he places the bag of nan on top of the vegetable boxes and searches for the shoes underneath. He puts his hand and his head in the gap between the boxes of vegetables. It upsets them. The boxes fall and the vegetables scatter on the ground. Hearing the sound, Akbar comes. He sees the vegetables spread on the ground.

Akbar : (annoyed) What the hell are you doing?
Why did you spill these? Are you crazy?
Ali : (looking at him with guilt) My sister’s shows have disappeared.

Page – 60
Akbar : Get lost. Beat it.
Ali : I left my sister’s shows here.
Akbar : I said get lost! (bangs his fist on the pile of boxes.)
Ali runs away, scared.

Scene 4
Ali’s house
Middle distance shot of Ali and his sister Zahra reading their textbooks kneeling on the mattress. A baby’s cry is heard faintly on the soundtrack. The camera closes in on Zahra. She is writing in a notebook mumbling the words as she writes.

Ali: How am I going to school without shoes?
The camera moves back to middle distance. Now both Zahra and Ali are in the frame. Their parents are talking at the other end of the room and their talk can be heard on the soundtrack. We hear the banging of hammer in between.
Mother (off screed) : Go to your company store, tomorrow. We don’t have any formula left.

Zahra passes her notebook to Ali.
Father (offscreen): Don’t worry. Rahim Aqa’s wife had a slipped disc. Surgery made it worse.
Alternate close ups of Ali and Zahra listening to their parents’ talk and looking at each other.

Page – 61

Cut to

Middle distance shot of Mother lying on a bed, towards the left of the frame, leaning back against two propped up pillows. Father is sitting on a chair near the wall, chopping wooden flints with a hammer on a block. Behind him there are two ledges on which there are some vessels and clothes.

Father: You should learn to live with it.
Close up of Ali reading from the book Zahra has passed on to him.
Mother (off-screen): What do you want me to do? Do nothing all day?
Ali starts writing in the note book.
Father (off-screen): Well, the doctor has forbidden work.
Ali writes ‘you can go to school with slippers’ (mumbling the words as he writes) and passes the notebook to Zahra. Close up of the notebook.

Mother (off-screen) : Kokab Khanom’s sister had surgery, and she is fine.
Cut to close up Zahra taking the notebook and reading what Ali wrote on it.
Father (off-screen): Don’t everthink of surgery.
Alternate dose ups of Zahra and Ali looking at each other.
Cut to close up of Zahra writing in the notebook.

Page – 62
Zahra (mumbling as she writes): Ali, you have some nerve. You lost my shoes. I’ll tell dad.
Quick close up of Ali looking at Zahra. She passes the notebook to Ali. Close up of the notebook.
Two close-ups of Father working on the other end of the room looking at the camera. There are close-ups of Ali and Zahra and a middle-range shot showing them.
Ali writes in the notebook and passes it to Zahra.
Zahra writes ‘Then what shall Ido?’ in the notebook and passes it to Ali. Ali writes ‘you can wear my sneakers’ and passes the notebook back.
Zahra writes ‘I’ll wear them when you are back from school’.
During the passing of the notebook back and forth only the notebook is in close up and hands are visible in the frame.
Close up of Zahra’s writing. The stub of her pencil breaks. Ali puts his pencil on the notebook for her to write. Zahra does not take the pencil. Close up of pencil lying on the notebook.

My Sister’s Shoes Summary in Malayalam

My Sister’s Shoes Glossary

You can Download Project Tiger Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 1 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 1 Project Tiger (Memoir)

Std 10 English Textbook Project Tiger Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Do you know that a paragraph normally contains a topic sentence in it? It is general in nature and can be anywhere in the paragraph. The other sentences in the paragraph support, prove, give examples and present additional information on the topic sentence. Identify the topic sentence in the first paragraph. How many examples are given to support the topic sentence? What are they?
Answer:
Topic sentence: No one can beat Hollywood when it comes to making films with animals in them.
Two examples are given. One is the Alsatian called Rin-tin-tin. The other is the collie called Lassie.

Question 2.
Does the second paragraph introduce a new topic sentence? If not, what supporting detail about the animal actors of Hollywood do you get from this paragraph?
Answer:
No, there is no new topic sentence. The second paragraph elaborates on the first. Here we see another large dog in Disney Studio in Hollywood.

a. What additional information do you get about standings?
Answer:
We come to know that there are stand-ins even for animals.

b. What is the puzzling incident described in the paragraph 3?
Answer:
When the cameraman shouted to everyone to take their positions, the dog, the main actor, remained where it was.

c. Which incident shows that the animal-actors in Hollywood were treated with reverence?
Answer:
The incident of bringing a stand-in fora dog. Usually stand-ins are used only for celebrity actors who are held in high reference.

Question 3.
What were the difficulties Alfred Hitchcock had to face while making the film ‘Birds’?
Answer:
Hitchcock wanted a variety of trained birds, especially many ravens, as actors in his film. It was not easy to get trained birds.

Question 4.
How did Hitchcock manage to get a large number of ravens for his film?
Answer:
He placed advertisements all over the USA asking for people who had trained ravens with them. Then a man, with nearly a 100 trained ravens, responded.

Question 5.
What is described as ‘pretty impressive’?
Answer:
The sight of fifty ravens perching quietly in a row on a specified spot, obeying the order of their trainer.

Question 6.
Identify the main topic of the article from para 8.
Answer:
Shooting films using tigers.

Question 7.
What other details are given about the topic in the paragraph?
Answer:
In the film ‘Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne’, Goopy and Bagha suddenly come across a tiger that is walking about in the forest without paying them any attention.

Question 8.
How did Ray manage to get a tiger?
Answer:
He managed to get one from ‘Bharat Circus’ which was performing in Calcutta at that time.

Question 9.
What is the role of a ringmaster in a circus?
Answer:
A ringmaster is a master of ceremonies. He introduces the various acts in a circus show and guides the audience through the experience, directing their attention to the various areas of the circus arena. In some places, the name ringmaster is used to mean the person who arranges the various performances by trained animals.

Question 10.
What were the difficulties faced in bringing the tiger before the camera?
Answer:
The main problem was how to keep the people safe from the tiger, once it is let out of the cage. In the shots for the film, the trainer should not be seen. On the first occasion, the tiger pranced about. Later, the scenes that were shot were not good enough. The second time the tiger charged towards the crowd, terrifying them.

Question 11.
What does the expression ‘to go down the drain’ mean?
Answer:
It means the efforts were wasted. There was no gain from the work one did.

Question 12.
What was Mr. Thorat’s suggestion to control the tiger?
Answer:
He suggested putting a ring made of thin wire around the neck of the tiger. The ring would be hooked to a length of wire so that the tiger does not go out of control.

Question 13.
What made Ray think of a collar made of tiger skin?
Answer:
The scene to be shot was Goopy and Bagha getting terrified at the sight of a tiger. If the tiger has a ring on its neck, and it seen in the shot, the scene will have no meaning as people don’t get frightened when they see a tiger under the control of a trainer. Ray wanted to hide the wire and that is why he thought of a collar made of tiger skin. The wire will be hidden in the collar.

Question 14.
Why did Mr. Thorat bring two tigers instead of one?
Answer:
He brought two so that in case one does not behave properly, the other could be used for shooting the scene.

Question 15.
Why was Mr. Thorat taken aback?
Answer:
Mr. Thorat was taken aback because of the unexpected behaviour of the tiger. Instead of walking quietly in a dignified manner, it started jumping and running about with a lot of energy.

Question 16.
What might be the reason for the tiger’s unexpected behaviour?
Answer:
The reason was ‘the call of the wild’. When it saw itself in the open forest, he must have forgotten for a while that he is a circus animal! Probably he was showing his original instinct to be free.

Question 17.
How does Ray describe the situation humorously?
Answer:
Ray describes the situation humorously by saying that they were getting to see a strange kind of circus for free.

Question 18.
What did Ray mean when he said, This should have been the end of the story?
Answer:
When the tiger calmed down, they took a few shots as needed. This should have been the end f the story. But when they went back to Calcutta, they found the shots were not clear and they had to reshoot the scenes again at another time.

Question 19.
Why was Mr Thorat asked‘to give it another go?
Answer:
Mr Thorat was asked ‘to give it another go’ because the first shots were not clear and they had to shoot the scenes again.

Question 20.
What was the ‘magic’ performed by the tiger?
Answer:
There were nearly 150 villagers who had come to see the shooting. They were told to keep a safe distance because of the tiger. But they ignored instructions and came as close to the camera as they could. When the cage was opened, the tiger jumped down with a roar and charged towards the crowd. They melted away as if my magic.

Question 21.
What was really required of the tiger in that scene?
Answer:
The tiger was required to pace quietly about without paying any attention to the characters Goopy and Bagha who were exiled into the forest by their king.

Question 22.
What did Ray and his team realize two days later?
Answer:
They realized that this time the tiger and the camera had behaved well and they got the type of shots they had wanted.

Project Tiger Textual Activities and Answers

Activity 1

Question 1.
Satyajit Ray and his friends had to shoot scenes involving the tiger twice, M Notun Gram and Boral. Write the events that took place in both the places in a sequential order and then describe the shooting:
Answer:

Shooting at Notun Gram

Shooting at Boral

Found a suitable bamboo grove in Notun Gram. A lorry arrived with two well-fed tigers. A tripod was placed facing the bamboo grove to mount the camera. The audience was instructed to get behind the camera. Goopy and Bagha were placed close to the bamboo grove so that they could be seen along with the tiger. A five-foot iron rod was fixed to the ground, some 30 feet from the area where the tiger was to walk A tiger-skin collar with a thin wire inside was placed in the neck of the tiger. The door of the cage was opened and the tiger jumped out. But instead of walking calmly it started running and jumping about. When it became calm some shots were taken. But the shots were dark owing to poor light.

Found bamboo grove near Calcutta in Boral. The lorry arrived with Thorat, the tiger, the steel wire, the special collar and the iron rod. The whole village came to watch the shooting. The villagers were told to keep at 70 feet away from the scene of the shot. Without listening to the instructions, the entire crowd got as close to the camera as they could. Thorat opened the cage. With a roar the tiger charged towards the crowd. The crowd disappeared as if my magic. The tiger calmed down and the shots were’ taken as required This time the tiger and the camera behaved well.

Description of the shooting:
We found a suitable bamboo grove in Notun Gram. As arranged with Mr. Thorat of Bharat Circus, a lorry arrived with two well-fed tigers. He brought two so that if one did not do things properly the other could be used. Atripod was placed facing the bamboo grove to mount the camera. The audience was instructed to get behind the camera. Goopy and Bagha were placed close to the bamboo grove so that they could be seen along with the tiger. A five-foot iron rod was fixed to the ground, some 30 feet from the area where the tiger was to walk. A tiger-skin collar with a thin wire inside was placed in the neck of the tiger. The door of the cage was opened and the tiger jumped out. But instead of walking calmly it started running and jumping about. When it became calm some shots were taken. But the shots were later found to be dark owing to poor light.

The scenes had to be shot a second time. A bamboo grove near Calcutta in Boral was found. The lorry arrived with Thorat, the tiger, the steel wire, the special collar and the iron rod. The whole village came to watch the shooting. The villagers were told to keep at least 70 feet away from the scene of the shot. Without listening to the instructions, the entire crowd got as close to the camera as they could. Thorat opened the cage. With a roar the tiger charged towards the crowd. The crowd disappeared as if my magic. Soon the tiger calmed down and the shots were taken as required. This time the tiger and the camera behaved well.

Activity 2

Question 2.
Ray and his friends visited the Bharat Circus camp in Calcutta to hire a tiger to be filmed for his movie Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne. He spoke to the manager of the circus company.
What would Ray have spoken? Attempt a conversation between Ray and the Manager.
Answer:
Ray : Good morning, Manager! I am Ray, Satyajit Ray, a film director.
Manager : Good Morning Mr. Ray. I have heard a lot about you. What brings you here?
Ray : I am shooting a film with a tiger in it. The tiger has only a small role. It has to be seen along with two of our actors.
Manager : Well, our ringmaster is Mr. Thorat, a nice gentleman. I will ask him if it is possible to send our tiger out on such missions. If he agrees, I will have no problem. I will definitely help you.
Ray : Thank you, very, much. I should meet Mr. Thorat, or will you speak with him?
Manager :’I will speak with him first, and then you can meet him for making the final arrangement. By the way, for how long do you want the tiger?
Ray : Actually the shooting will be just for two hours. But then there is the travelling time. We intend to take the shots at Notun Gram which is a bit far from here.
Manager : No problem. Thorat will be the one to decide finally as he handles the animals here. But I’m sure he will agree.
Ray : Thank you very much.
Manger : It’s okay.

Activity 3

Question 3.
Read the instructions on below
Draft the likely notice that was published in the newspaper.

Answer:
Notice
Alfred Hitchcock Productions, Trinity Street, Hollywood, is planning to make a movie titled “Birds”. In the story binds from all overthe world are seen attacking humans. We need a variety of trained birds, especially a large number of ravens. If you have trained birds of any kind, especially birds of prey, you have an opportunity here to display them and their skills to the entire world. Handsome payments will be made forthe chosen binds. The shoots may last up to a couple days and so the owners or trainers of the birds must be ready to come with their birds to Hollywood and stay for the duration of the shooting. For more information, contact:

Manager, Hitchcock Productions, Trinity Street, Hollywood, Los Angeles 90028
E-mail: hitchcockmovies@hotmail.com
Phone: 2635-555-2332

Activity 4

Question 4.
Read the instructions on below:

Answer:
From:
Satyajit Ray
Ray Film Productions
Karol Bagh
Calcutta – 52
Phone: 1256778240
E-mail: RavDroductions@hotmail.com
20 June 2016

To:
The Chairman
Animal Welfare Board of India
Connaught Plage
New Delhi -11

Dear Sir,
Permission To Use A Tiger In Film
We are planning shoot a new film titled ‘Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne’. In the film, there is a scene where Goopy and Bagha come across s tiger calmly walking about in the forest. We have discussed with Bharat Circus and they have agreed to give us a tiger for the shot. They told us we have to get permission from the Broad for using their animal in the film. This is to request you to give us the necessary permission. The actual shot will be only for about 2 hours. The location is Notun Gram. The tiger will be transported there in a cage in a lorry. All precautions are taken as suggested by the Animal Welfare Department and their conditions for the prevention of cruelty to animals are strictly followed.

Looking forward to getting your permission, and thanking you,

Yours faithfully,
Satyajit Ray
Film Director

Activity 5

Question 5.
Ray begins his article with the topic sentences, “No one can beat Hollywood when it comes to making films with animals in them. How does Ray substantiate his argument?
Answer:
Ray substantiates his argument by giving the examples of two dogs. He talks the films in which there was an Alsatian named Rin-tin-tin. It acted even better than humans. Later there were some films with a collie called Lassie. It looked as if the director could make Lassie act the way he wanted it to act. These dogs were like stars and they were paid like any other big actor. Their owners could easily get one lakh rupees from just one film. Later we also see how stand-ins are provided even for dogs which are as famous as the celebrity actors.

Activity 6

Question 6.
Are the new generation film-makers serious about film-making?
Conduct a debate on this topic in the class. You may first think about the points for and against the topic and then develop a speech to be made in favor of or against new-generation films and film-makers.

Points in favour of new generation films and filmmakers	Points against new-generation films:
……………………………………………………….	……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….	……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….	……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….	……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….	……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….	……………………………………………………….

Answer:

Points in favor of new generation films and filmmakers	Points against new-generation films:
a. Films are made with less cost.	a. No proper planning and research
b. Actors and actresses need not be celebrities.	b. Scripts are often written on the location
c. Stories from everyday life.	c. Too much of drinking and drug-taking are shown
d. Acting is more natural and not theatrical.	d. Dialogues often too colloquial
e. Ordinary costumes.	e. Music is horrible and anything goes in the name of music
f. Use of social media for publicity.	f. Some of the stories are too daring (like student falling in love with the teacher).

Project Tiger Let’s Learn More About Words

Activity 1

Question 1.
Go through the film terminology given on page 53 & 54 and answer the questions.
Answer:
1. close-up
2. dolly/tracking
3. high angle
4. tilt
5. medium shot

Activity 2

Question 2.
Note: Base forms of words take prefixes and suffixes to make new word forms. Sometimes two base forms are added to make new words. Word-formation by using these methods are called prefixation, suffixation and compounding.
impossible, making, films, invisible, childhood, unfastened, cameraman, customary, film-maker

Base word/ words	Prefixation	Suffixation	Compounding
……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..
……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..
……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..
……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..
……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..
……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..
……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..
……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..	……………………………..

Answer:

Base word/ words	Prefixation	Suffixation	Compounding
possible	im
make		ing
film		s
visible	in
child		hood
fasten	un	ed
custom		ary
film			maker

Activity 3

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks with suitable words given in below:
1. In Chaplin’s film The Circus, the lion in the cage does not seem to be ………………………… .
2. It is …………………………. to take a screen test before casting an actor for a role.
3. In the fight scene, the boys were …………………………. at the thought of having to dive from the ledge.
4. They were looking for a …………………………. youth to do the role of an army personnel.
5. Prem Nazir is one of the most …………………………. remembered actors in Malayalam cinema.
Answer:
1. ferocious
2. customary
3. petrified
4. robust
5. reverentially

Project Tiger About the author:

– Satyajit Ray – 1921–1992

Ray (1921-1992) decided to make his own films after meeting the French filmmaker Jean Renoir and viewing Vittorio De Sica’s Italian neorealist 1948 film Bicycle Thieves. Ray directed 36 films. He was also a fiction writer, publisher, illustrator, calligrapher, music composer and film critic. He has written many short stories and novels.

Project Tiger Summary in English

Page – 43
1. No one can beat Hollywood when it comes to making films with animals in them. I remember many such films in which there was an Alsatian named Rin-tin- tin. It acted even better than humans. Later there were some films with a collie called Lassie. It looked as if the director could make Lassie act the way he wanted it to act. These dogs were like stars and they were paid like any other big actor. Their owners could easily get one lakh rupees from just one film.

2. I saw how these animal actors were reverently treated when I went to the Disney Studio in Hollywood. The main character in this particular film was a large dog. When I went to the studio, the shooting had not started.

Page – 44
The cameraman was getting the lights ready. It is usual for the actors to be present when the lights are arranged. This is to show the cameraman how they will walk, or where they will stand in a particular shot. In the case of big stars, this job is done by their stand-ins. A stand-in is usually physically similar to the star. The stars come when the lights are ready to take the shots.

3. I saw some actors moving about in the set. On one side there was a large dog. The cameraman shouted to everyone to take their positions. The dog stayed where it was. This puzzled me. Was it not required in the next shot?

4. Before I could ask someone, something strange happened. From nowhere, there appeared a little dwarf, followed by another man carrying a hairy dog skin. Then, to my surprise, the dwarf went down on all the fours on a chalk mark on the floor. The dog skin was draped over him. Then he crawled from one mark to another. The cameraman got busy with the lights. The dwarf was the dog’s stand-in!

Page – 45
Every animal in a Hollywood film is well trained. It is easy to train horses and dogs. But in Hollywood there were even nearly a hundred trained ravens! Alfred Hitchcock, the creator of some qf the best suspense films, used them in his film ‘Birds’. Hitchcock wanted different kinds of birds. He needed many ravens. Advertisements were placed all over the USA, asking people to contact Hitchcock if they knew how to get trained ravens.

He got a response from a man soon. The man was asked to come with his birds. He came with nearly a hundred trained ravens. The ravens would not do many wonderful things. But if 50 ravens were asked to perch quietly in a row on a specified spot, they would do it immediately.

In India it is not easy to find trained animals. It is true that some films were made in Bombay and Madras using trained elephants, horses and tigers. Their performance showed that they just obeyed commands. In Bengal, it is possible to find clever dogs, particularly police dogs, that are very intelligent. If one is patient, we can use them nicely as I did with Bhulo in ‘Pather Panchali’.

A dog might be difficult, not impossible, to handle. What is to be done if there is a need for a tiger in a film? When shooting the film ‘Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne’ (The Adventures of Goopy and Bagha), we had this problem. Goopy is banished by the king. Goopy wanders in the forest and meets Bagha who is also banished. They see a tiger and are terrified. But the tiger simply walks about in the forest without paying them any attention.

Page – 46
I decided to make this film. But the problem was how to find a tiger. The solution was to contact a circus as they have trained tigers. At that time Bharat Circus was giving shows in the Marcus Square in Calcutta. Its manager was a Tamilian. We went to meet him. He greeted us warmly and gave us South Indian coffee. When he came to know the reason for our visit, he called MrThorat, vi/ho was the ringmaster. He was also a South Indian, very strong, with features like a Nepali. He was about 40. He showed us a scar on his forearm. It was caused by a tiger.

We told him why we came. The shooting was at Shiuri in Birbhoom. We wanted to show a tiger in a thick bamboo grove. The tiger had to do only one simple thing. It had to come out of the bamboo grove into the open space, walk gently for a while, look at the camera if possible, and then go back. Could the tigerfrom Bharat Circus do it? Thorat said yes. The manager asked us how long we would need the tiger.

I said only two hours forthe shooting and the additional time needed for travel. The travel would take about 2 days. The manager agreed to put the tiger in a cage and send it in a lorry. He then asked us to go and have a look at the tiger. I asked him if it would be okay to let the tiger out of the cage in the bamboo grove.

11. Thorat was not sure. He said that he had never let the tiger out of the cage on his own. I was worried. We could not let the tiger be seen with the trainer in the film. How could Goopy and Bagha get frightened if the tiger is accompanied by a man? We could not allow that.

Page – 47
12. Thorat found a solution. He would tie a thin but strong wire round the tiger’s neck. If the wire was very thin, it would not be seen in the shot. But if the hair on the tiger’s neck was flattened by the wire, the wire would be seen. I suggested to get a collar made of tiger skin, fix the wire to this collar, and then tie it around the neck of the tiger.

13. In a village named Notun Gram we found a suitable bamboo grove to shoot the first meeting between Goopy and Bagha and the tiger. Thorat came to the location with the tiger. There were some 25 people there. A few villagers took our permission to come and watch the shooting.

14. The cage on the lorry was covered. When the cover was removed we saw two well-fed and strong tigers. Thorat said that he brought two because if one failed, the other could be used for the shot.

15. The camera was placed on the tripod and it faced the bamboo grove. The audience was asked to be behind the camera so that they are far away from the tiger. We had to stay close to the bamboo grove. Goopy and Bagha had to be within yards of the camera. At least in one shot they should be seen with the tiger.

Page – 48
16. Thorat’s men had fixed a five foot iron rod to the ground. It was about 30 feet from the area where the tiger was to take a walk. They took a thin long wire and fixed one end to the tiger skin collar. The other end was tied to the rod. The door of one cage was opened and Thorat called out to the tiger. It responded quickly and jumped out of its cage to land on the open space. What followed was totally unexpected. We were all shocked and so was Thorat. Instead of walking calmly, the tiger started running around with great energy. It ran fast, jumped and rolled about, dragging the poor trainer with it. He was trying to control the tiger with the wire he held. But he was not succeeding. We all stood around foolishly, watching the free show! The camera was still on the tripod, facing the grove. The tiger was showing no sign of making its way there.

Page – 49
17. When the tiger calmed down, we took a few shots. But when we returned to Calcutta, we found that the camera had failed to record the scenes with the tiger. The shots were so dark that the tiger could not be seen distinctly from the trees and leaves. We had to reshoot the scenes again. We spoke to Thorat and he agreed to give us another chance. This time we found a bamboo grove in a village called Boral, near Calcutta. The lorry once again came with Thorat, the tiger, the steel wire, the special collar and the rod. The whole village came to see the shooting. We told the villagers to keep themselves at least 70 feet away from the scene of shooting. But nobody paid attention. The people came as close to the camera as they could. We had no time to explain and argue. We got the camera ready and signaled to Thorat.

18. He opened the door of the cage. The tiger came out with a loud roar, and charged straight at the villagers. The crowd, some 150 people, melted away as if by magic. After that the tiger calmed down. Like an obedient child, it walked over to the spot we had chosen, paced about as it was required to do, and then went back to its trainer. The camera also behaved well and the scenes were properly shot.

Project Tiger Summary in Malayalam

Project Tiger Glossary

You can Download Blowin’ in the Wind Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 3 Blowin’ in the Wind (Song)

Std 10 English Textbook Blowin’ in the Wind Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What does the word ‘roads’ refer to here?
Answer:
The word ‘roads’ here refers to the age, and experiences and sufferings of the person.

Question 2.
Do these questions demand a specific answer? What do you call such questions?
Answer:
No, they don’t need. They are called rhetorical questions.

Question 3.
Why does the writer say that the answer is blowing in the wind?
Answer:
The writer says that the answer is blowing in the wind because nobody knows the answer. Everybody tries to get it, but it slips away from our hold.

Question 4.
How is the question about the mountain related to the other two questions in stanza 2?
Answer:
They all are unanswerable and thus they are related.

Question 5.
Who may be the ‘people’ and ‘man’ referred to in Stanza 2? What is the attitude of the writer towards them?
Answer:
The people are those who are denied their civil rights, like the Blacks in America or the people in colonies. ‘Man’ is the ruler or the Authority who does not want to see the suffering of those without freedom. He sympathizes with the people, but is angry at the man.

Question 6.
Pick out lines from the song that refer to the denial of civil rights.
Answer:
“How many times must a man look up before he can see the sky? How many ears must one man have before he can hear? How many deaths will it take till he knows that too many people have died?”

Question 7.
What attitude of the people is reflected in the refrain, ‘The answer is blowin’ in the wind’?
Answer:
It is the indifference of the people that is reflected in the refrain.

Blowin In The Wind Textual Activities and Answers

Blowin In The Wind Let’s find out how language elements work

Activity 1

Question 1.

a. Read the following sentences and place them along appropriate headings in the box.

• Had they finished shooting?
• Theirtraining had not gone very bad.
• The shots were too dark.
• Do you think it is easy to set the animal free in the bamboo grove?
• Goopy is banished by the king.
• Could a tiger from Bharat circus do this job?
• Bharat circus has two tigers with them.
• MrThorat was the ring master of the circus.
• Bagha has also been banished.
• Were all ourplans going to go down the drain?.

Statements	…………………………………………..
Questions	…………………………………………..

Answer:
Statements

• Their training had not gone very bad.
• The shots were too dark.
• Goopy is banished by the king.
• Bharat circus has two tigers with them.
• Mr Thorat was the ring master of the circus.
• Bagha has also been banished.

Questions

• Had they finished shooting?
• Do you think it is easy to set the animal free in the bamboo grove?
• Could a tiger from Bharat circus do this job?
• Were all our plans going to go down the drain?

b. Analyse the statements that you have listed in the activity. Identify the verbs in them and out them in the appropriate column, according to their function as main verb or helping verb.

Main verb	Auxiliary/helping verb
………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. …………………………..	………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. …………………………..

Answer:

Main Verb	Auxiliary/Heloina verb
finished	had
gone	had
were	think
do	………………………………
banished	is
has	………………………………
was	………………………………
banished	has been
going	were

Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs:
Answer:
1. They are planning something different.
2. He was reading a book when I visited him.
3. MrThorat had (has) two tigers with him.
4. A tiger will be impossible to handle.
5. The shooting will need two more days’ time.

c. Fill in the blank columns in the table below. One is done for you.

Modal auxiliary	Functions	Used in meaningful sentences
will	1. Making predictions 2. Offering to do something task. 3. Expressing determination 4. Making a formal request 5. Denoting future	1. It will rain in the evening. 2. I will help you complete this 3. I will speak to him tomorrow. 4. Will you open the window, please? 5. The train will leave at 4 o’clock.
would	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
shall	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
should	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
can	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
could	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
may	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
might	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
must	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
need	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
dare	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
ought to	…………………………………………	…………………………………………
used to	…………………………………………	…………………………………………

Answer:

Modal Auxiliary	Functions	Used in meaningful sentences.
Will	1. Making predictions 2. Offering to do something 3. Expressing determination 4. Making a formal request 5. Denoting future	It will rain this evening. I will help you complete this task. I will speak to him tomorrow. Will you open the window, please? The train will leave at 4 o’clock.
would	1. improbable condition 2. Polite request	If I had the money I would buy a car. Would you open the window, please?
Shall	1. showing future 2. giving command	I shall do it tomorrow. You shall do as you are told.
Should	1. giving advice 2. polite request	You should study hard. Should I help you to carry that bag?
Can	1. showing ability 2. giving and taking permission	I can drive. Can I go now? Yes, you can.
Could	1. showing past ability 2. making polite request	I could dance well when I was young. Could you pick that book for me?
May	1. combines possibility with doubt 2. Used for wishing. 3. Asking and giving permission	It may rain. (Probability is more.) May you live long! May I go out? Yes, you may.
Might	1. combines possibility with doubt.	It might rain. (Doubt is more.)
Note : Old grammars said ‘might’ as the past tense of ‘may’. But modern grammarians consider may and might as two independent verbs with their own separate past tenses. The past tense of ‘mav’ is ‘may have’ and the past tense of ‘might’ is ‘might have’. May shows more probability and might shows more doubt. Thus when we say “It may rain” the chances of rain are more than when we say “It might rain”.
Must	shows obligation	You must do it.
Need	shows necessity	I need to complete this work today.
Dare	gives challenge	Dare you call me a fool?
Ought to	shows obligation	You ought to do it today.
Used to	shows past habits	I used to smoke a lot.

d. Now consider the questions you have listed in section ‘a’.
“Had they finished the shooting?” How will you answer this question?
Yes, they had finished shooting.
Or
No. they hadn’t finished shooting.

These types of questions are called : Yes/No Questions or Affirmative Questions or Closed Questions.
Read the following sentences:
They are going to Madras.
Are they going to Madras?
Nandu was working all night.
Was Nandu working all night?
How do these questions begin?
What change is made in the word order of the statements to frame questions?
Answer:
They begin with the auxiliaries. The subject comes after the auxiliary. Then there is a question mark in the end instead of a full stop. Now try to frame questions for the following statements.

a. Are they planning the same thing again?
Answer:
No, they are planning something different this time.

b. Have you ever travelled through a jungle?
Answer:
No, I have never travelled through a jungle.

c. Was he scolding the public when you reached there?
Answer:
Yes, he was scolding the public when I reached there.

d. Is it snowing?
Answer:
Yes, it is snowing.

e. Can he speak German?
Answer:
Yes, he can speak German.

Consider the following sentences:
He likes oranges. Does he like oranges?
They went to the nearby school. Did they go to the nearby school?
I drink tea. Do you drink tea?
(Note: In these sentences the auxiliary verb is hidden. So we use dummy auxiliaries according to the tense of the verb.)
Like – do + like (present)
Likes – does + like (present singular)
Liked – did – like (past)

Now, construct questions for the following sentences.
1. Yes, they come here frequently. Do they come here frequently?
2. Yes, I met him yesterday. Did you meet him yesterday?
3. Yes, they lived here for a long time. Did they live here for a long time?
4. Yes, we play cricket every day. Do you play cricket every day?
5. Yes, she speaks fluent French. Does she speak fluent French?

Note : Questions beginning with an auxiliary verb are called ‘Yes/No’ Questions or Affirmative questions. They are also called closed questions because they have two possible answers only: Yes or No. It is impossible to ask a Yes/No question without an auxiliary verb. Such questions do not ask for more information. They only seek confirmation or negation.

Activity 2

Question 2.
Read the following sentences from the memoir: Where is the shooting location?
How did the tiger react when the cage was opened? The words in bold are question words. Who, When, Why, Where, What. Which and How are question words normally used to ask questions. They are called ‘Wh-‘ questions.
Imagine you have an interview with Mr. Satyajit Ray. What questions will you ask? Complete the following conversations.
Answer:
You : Sir, where did you learn film technology? Ray : I learned it from Hollywood.
You : Who helped you there?
Ray : My friend Alfred Hitchcock helped me there. You : Which film’attracted you most?
Ray : Adventures of Rin Tin Tin attracted me the most.
You : What was your wish?
Ray : My wish was to make a film that beat Hollywood.
You : Why did you take such a risk with tigers?
Ray : I took such risk with tigers to make a wonderful film.
You : How long did it take to shoot the scene? Ray : It took two days to shoot the scene.
You : How far away was Notun Gram from here?
Ray : Notun Gram was twenty kilometres away from here.
You : How often do you visit Hollywood?
Ray : I visit Hollywood once in three months.
You : What kind of animals are used in Hollywood films?
Ray : Well trained animals are used in Hollywood films. ,
You : Thank you very much, Sir!
Ray : It’s okay!

Activity 3

Question 3.
Read the sentences given below and identify the noun phrase jmd verb phrase in them. One is done for you/
1. MrThorat nodded.
2. This puzzled me.
3. He was a South Indian.
4. MrThorat reached the shooting location.
Answer:
1. Mr. Thorat (Noun Phrase) + nodded (Verb Phrase).
2. This (NP) +puzzled me (VP).
3. He (NP) + was a South Indian (VP).
4. Mr Thorat (NP) + reached the shooting location (VP).

b. Consider the following sentence.

Now analyse the verb phrases in the following sentences.
1. went (verb) + to meet (Infinitive) + the manager (NP).
2. reached (V) + the shooting location (NP) + with the tiger (Prep. Phrase).
3. gives (V) + Ali (NP) + a small black bag (NP) + to put potatoes (Inf.).
4. was (aux.) + covered (past participle).
5. Question 2 is repeated.
6. were (Aux) + placed (Past Part.) + in the press (Prep. Phrase) + all overthe US (adverbial phase).
7. were (aux) + watching (ing-form) + a new and strange kind of circus (NP).

Thus the following forms, may appear along with a verb to form a verb phrase.
1. Auxiliary verbs
2. Prepositional Phrases
3. Adverbial phrases
4. Noun Phrases

It is to be noted that a verb phrase can even have a noun phrase accompanied by a determiner and an adjective.

c. Now let’s us analyse the function of a noun phrase and a verb phrase and its elements in the following sentences.
In sentence 1, ‘Mr. Thorat nodded.’
The noun phrase ‘Mr. Thorat’ functions as the subject of the sentence. The verb phrase acts as the verb.

In sentence 2, This puzzled me.
‘This’ is the noun phrase and it is the subject of the sentence. In the verb phrase, ‘puzzled me’ ‘puzzled’ is the verb and ‘me’ does the function of the object of the sentence.

In sentence 3, He was a South Indian.
‘He’ is the subject. The verb phrase here is ‘was a South Indian’. In it ‘was’ is the verb and ‘a South Indian’ is the complement.

In sentence 4, Mr. Thorat reached the shooting location.
The pattern is Mr. Thorat (Subject) + reached (verb) + the shooting location (adverbial).

The sentence pattern of the four sentences given above can be written as:
1. S + V
2. S + V + O
3. S + V + C
4. S + V + A

Write four sentences in the same pattern.
1. Mr. Bachan laughed. (S+V)
2. My uncle taught English. (S+V+O)
3. Shah Rukh Khan is a North Indian. (S+V+C)
4. The train came in time. (S+V+Adverbial)

Apart from these 4 sentence patterns there are 3 more basic sentence patterns in English.
They are:
1. S + V + O + O (e.g. Mr. Thorat gave Ray two tigers)
2. S + V + O + C (e.g. They painted the cage yellow)
3. S + V + O + A (e.g. Ray placed the camera on the tripod)

Write three sentences keeping the same pattern:
Answer:
1. My father gave me a pen. (S + V + O + O)
2. They coloured the house green. (S + V + O + C)
3. The teacher placed the book on the table. (S + V + O + A)

Activity 4
Look at the following sentences from the memoir.
1. This job is done By their stand-ins.
2. Notices were placed in the press all over the United States.
3. Some films have been made in Bombay and Madras.
4. Goopy and Bagha could be petrified by the tiger.

Discuss:
Do the sentences have the similar pattern to those mentioned in Activity 4?
No.
What difference do you notice?
They all are in passive voice.

→ Write the above sentences in the S + V + Q Pattern.
Answer:
1. Their stand-ins do the job.
2. They placed notices in the press all over the United States.
3. They have made films in Bombay and Madras.
4. The tiger could petrify Goopy and Bagha.

Blowin In The Wind About the author:

– Bob Dylan

Bob Dylan (b. 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, artist and writer. His early songs like ‘Blowin’ in the Wind’ and The Times They are a-Changing’ became anthems for the American Civil Rights and Anti-War Movements. His mid-1960 songs, backed by rock musicians, were some of the very best.

Blowin In The Wind Summary in English

Page 64 & 65
Line 1-8: How many roads should a man walk down before you can call him a man? How many seas should a white dove sail Before she sleeps on the sand? How many times should the cannon balls fly before they are banned forever? The answer to these questions, my friend, is blowing in the wind.

Lines 9-16: How many years can a mountain exist before it is washed to the sea? How many years can some people live before they are allowed to be free? How many times can a man turn his head and pretend that he just does not see?

Lines 17-24: How many times must a man look up before he can see the sky? How many years must one man have before he can hear people cry? How many deaths will it take till he knows that too many people have died?

The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind.

Blowin In The Wind Summary in Malayalam

Blowin In The Wind Glossary

You can Download Vanka Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 5 Chapter 1 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 5 Chapter 1 Vanka (Short Story)

Std 10 English Textbook Vanka Questions and Answers

Question 1.
On the basis of your reading of the first two paragraphs of the story, complete die following table.
Answer:
Protagonist of the story: Vanka Zhukov
Place: Shoemaker Alyakhin’s house, where Vanka is apprenticed.
Time: Christmas Eve
His family: Grandad Konstantin. His parents are dead. He has no relatives.
His mental state: Depressed and miserable.
His actions: Writes a letter to his Grandad telling him about his misery. Puts it in an envelope with incomplete address. Goes out and posts the letter in the letter box.

Question 2.
What were the specialties of the dog Eel?
Answer:
Eel had black coat and a long weasel-like body. He was respectful and always tried to get people’s affection. He looked at friends and strangers in the same manner. He did not give confidence to anyone. His respectful and obedient nature hid his hatred and vengeance. He could go quietly and bite somebody’s foot, creep into the icehouse and steal a peasant’s chicken. His back legs had been cut many times, twice he had been hung up, and every week he was beaten up very badly. But he survived all.

Question 3.
Is there a shift in the setting of the story in paragraphs 3 and 4? Where do the events take place?
Answer:
There is a shift. The events in paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 take place in the estate where Vanka’s grandfather worked.

Question 4.
How does grandfather create an atmosphere of fun and laugher?
Answer:
Grandfather creates an atmosphere of fun and laugher by playfully pinching one of the maids or cook and making them take snuff. He also gave snuff to the dogs. The women would sneeze and then the grandfather would say “Good for frozen noses”.

Question 5.
Pick out words and phrases used to describe the night.
Answer:
Dark night; trees were silver with rime; sky sprinkled with gaily twinkling stars; the Milky Way looked newly scrubbed and polished with snow.

Question 6.
What sort of life did Ivanka lead at the shoemaker’s place?
Answer:
Vanka led a very miserable life there. He did not get enough food to eat. He had to rock the shoemaker’s baby in the night and this prevented him from getting enough sleep. He was badly beaten by Alyakhin. Senior boys ridiculed him.

Question 7.
What, according to Vanka, would happen to him if his grandfather did not take him back home? Why did he think so?
Answer:
If his grandfather did not take him back home, he would die. He thought so because it was impossible for him to continue with his cruel master Alyakhin, who made him work hard, starved him, made him rock his baby in the night and beat him up cruelly.

Question 8.
Why could not Vanka run away from the home of the shoemaker?
Answer:
Vanka could not run away from the home of the shoemaker because he had no shoes or boots. He was afraid of frostbite.

Question 9.
Vanka is working for a shoemaker, but he does not have boots. What do you understand from this?
Answer:
This means although he works with a shoemaker he can’t have shoes of his own. This is the case with many workers. A worker in a five-star hotel will not enjoy the same food or facilities that he helps to give to the guests. It is like ‘Water, water everywhere, not a drop to drink!”

Question 10.
What promises does Vanka make to his grandfather so that he would take him back home?
Answer:
Vanka makes a lot of promises to his grandfather so that he would take him back home. He would grind his snuff. He would pray for him. He could even beat him as hard as he liked if he did mischief. He would clean the boots or go as a shepherd instead of Fedya. When he grows up to be a man he would look after him and he will not let anyone hurt him. When he dies, he would pray for his soul like he does for his Mummie.

Question 11.
What beautiful memories of Christmas do Vanka Cherish?
Answer:
Vanka remembers his grandfather going to get a Christmas tree for his employers. He had taken Vanka with him. How happy Vanka was then! Grandfather would laugh. The frost-covered trees would laugh and Vanka also laughed. Before cutting the tree, grandfather would smoke his pipe, take a long pinch of snuff. He would laugh at the shivering Vanka. The young firtrees, covered with frost, stood without moving. They were waiting to see which one would be cut. Suddenly a hare would appear. Grandfather would shout: ‘Stop it, stop it.’ Grandfather would drag the tree to the big house. They all would decorate it.

Question 12.
Who was Vanka’s favorite? Why did he like her?
Answer:
Miss Olga Ignatyevna was Vanka’s favorite. She used to give Vanka sweets. She also taught him to read, write, count and also to dance.

Question 13.
How did Vanka reach Moscow?
Answer:
When he became an orphan, after the death of his mother Pelageya, he was sent to his grandfather. His grandfather apprenticed him to the shoemaker Alyakhin in Moscow.

Question 14.
“I have such a miserable life worse than a dog’s. ” What made Vanka say so?
Answer:
Vanka said so for so many reasons. He did not get enough to eat. He could not sleep properly as he had to rock Alyakhin’s baby in the night. He was laughed at by the senior apprentices and above all he was often beaten by Alyakhin.

Question 15.
Do you think Vanka’s letter will reach his grandfather? Why?
Answer:
It won’t reach his grandfather. He just wrote the name of his grandfather and simply the village’. Which village? Where? Nobody would know.

Question 16.
What did Vanka dream about in his sleep?
Answer:
He dreamed of a stove. His grandfather was sitting on the stove-ledge, with his bare feet dangling. He was reading the letter to the cooks. Eel was walking backwards and forwards, wagging his tail.

Question 17.
Does the reference to the Eel have any significance in the story? How?
Answer:
The Eel in spite of his reverential manner and docility had spite and malice in his heart. So did the grandfather to the gentry he worked for. If he got a chance he too would bite them, as did Eel when he got a chance.

Activity I

Question 1.
According to Vanka, what kind of a person is Konstantin Makarich? It was Makarich who had sent Vanka away, when Vanka’s mother Pelageya died. Do you justify Makarich’s decision to send Vanka away to Moscow? Why?
Answer:
Vanka thinks Makarich is a good person. That is why he writes him a letter when he finds his life is miserable in Moscow. Makarich is a happy-go-lucky man having fun with the maids, the cook and the dogs. Some people might find fault with Makarich for sending the boy to Moscow. But we should know that he is an orphan with no education. He has to learn a trade to make a living. So Makarich’s sending Vanka to Moocow is justified. But unfortunately, Alyakhin turned out to be a cruel man.

Activity 2

Question 2.
How did the people in Alyakhin’s workplace treat Vanka?
Complete the following table using appropriate phrases/clauses from the story.

Alyakin the Master	The Mistress	Other Apprentices

Answer:

Alyakin the Master	The Mistress	Other Apprentices
He did not treat Vanka well. He did not give him enough food, clothes   and even a pair of boots. He punished him severely even for small things.	She wanted Vanka to rock the baby during the night, not allowing Vanka to sleep properly. She mistreated him. We see her rubbing the head of the herring on Vanka’s face.	They also mistreated Vanka. They sent him to buy vodka. They asked him to steal the master’s cucumbers. They made fun of him.

Activity 3

Question 3.
How is Moscow, the big town, contrasted with the village where Vanka lived?
Answer:
Moscow is a big city. There are huge houses of rich men. They have horses. Children sold fishing hooks and lines there showing you could catch fish. There were shops there selling all kinds of guns. People hunted birds. Life was busy in the city. In the village, life was easy-going. There were a lot of sheep and dogs. The boys played with stars at Christmas and they sang songs in the church.

Activity 4

Question 4.
Study the story map of ‘Alice in Wonderland’. (See p. 17 of the Text.)
Now, prepare a story map of Vanka.
Answer:

Activity 5

Question 5.
Attempt a character sketch of Grandfather in the story ‘Vanka’.
Answer:
Vanka’s grandfather was a night watchman on the estate of a rich family. He was a small, lean old man about 65. But he was lively and agile. He had a smiling face but his eyes were bleary with drink. During daytime he slept in the dark kitchen or spent time joking with the cook and the kitchen maids. In the night he wore a sheepskin coat and walked around the estate making sounds with his rattle. With him there used to be two dogs. One was old Kashtanka. The other was Eel. His rattle would be tied to his belt. He liked to laugh and playfully pinch maids and cooks. He would show his snuff box and ask the women to take a nip. The women would take some snuff and put into their nostrils. They would sneeze.
Grandad would be shouting and laughing with joy, saying, “Good for frozen noses.” He even gave snuff to the dogs. He was a fun-loving old man. He sent Vanka to a shoemaker in Moscow as an apprentice.

this action can be interpreted in two ways. May be he wanted the orphaned boy to learn a trade to make a living for himself when he grew up. Bu some may think that he was running away from the responsibility of looking after his orphaned grandson. Whatever is the case, grandfather is a fun-loving fellow that makes us laugh with his antics.

Activity 6

Question 6.
Let’s reread the story and complete the table given:


Now, prepare an analysis based on the table. You may begin like this:
Answer:
Anton Chekhov’s ‘Vanka’ is a story that haunts the reader for long. Vanka is an orphan. He is apprenticed to a cruel shoemaker in Moscow. In the house of the shoemaker, Vanka is seriously mistreated. He is not given sufficient food, he is made to rock the baby of Alyakhin in the night and so he cant sleep properly, the senior apprentices send him to buy vodka and to steal cucumbers from the master. They also make fun of him. Vanka wants to run away to his grandfather in the village, but he has no shoes and he is afraid of the frost. Tired of the life at the shoemaker’s house, Vanka decides to write a letter to his grandfather to come and take him back to the village.

He promises to help his grandfather in different ways if he is taken. But the innocent Vanka does not even know that a letter can be sent only if it has a correct postal address, and the cover is stamped. After writing about his sufferings on a crumpled sheet of paper, he puts it in an envelope. On the envelope he simply writes “To my grandfather Konstantin Makarich in the village”. He innocently thinks that this will reach his grandfather and he will be rescued. He goes to sleep dreaming of the joys he will have when he goes back to his village.

Anton Chekhov’s story touches our heart. His style is simple and straight forward with a message for the readers. He exposes a cruel society that ignores and even mistreats its children. After reading the story nobody would like to mistreat the orphaned children. The imagery is so beautiful that we can read the story as if we are watching an excellent film.

Activity 7

Question 7.
Usually stories featuring orphans like David Copperfield. Oliver Twist or Cinderella end with their escape from the horrid surroundings to find love and happiness. A story can have more than one ending. You can think of many alternatives like Vanka joining his grandfather or running away from the shoemaker’s house and so on. Suggest an alternative ending to the story and write it in your own words.
Answer:
After writing the letter, Vanka waited for a month. He saw no signs of his grandfather coming to take him to the village. His life was becoming more and miserable at Alyakhin’s place. “I can’t continue like this,” he thought and made secret plans to run away. The extreme winter had gone and now the weather was getting warmer. There was no frost and so even without shoes he could walk on the ground. One morning, Alyakhin and his family and Vanka’s senior apprentices had gone to attend a marriage in a nearby village. Vanka thought this was the right time to quit his hellhole. He had very little to carry with him. Just a pair of clothes which he neatly bundled up. With determination, he left his miserable place.

He walked and walked. He was hungry and tired. Nearby he saw a park. He went and sat on a bench. Soon he fell asleep because of tiredness and hunger. A rich couple was sitting and talking on a nearby bench. They saw the boy. When he woke up he was crying. He did not know where to go. As he was crying the couple came to him and asked him what made him cry. He told his pathetic story to them. This couple had no children. So they decided to take Vanka with them. They were God-loving people and they thought it was their duty to help an orphan like Vanka.

They enrolled Vanka in a school nearby. With good food and proper clothes, Vanka looked cheerful and handsome. He would study, study hard. He would find a job and would live a comfortable life, Vanka decided. He thanked God for the happy turn of events in his life.

Activity 8

Question 8.
Imagine that there are many children in your locality who have similar experiences like that of Vanka. Write a letter to the editor of newspaper describing the sad plight of such children and the need to uplift them.
Answer:
The Editor
The Indian Express
Kochi
10 June 2016
Sir,
This is to bring to your notice the sad plight of some children in my locality. Most of these children are from other States like Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal. Some of them are employed in the local hotels and some shops in the market. They are made to work from early morning to late into the night. They are given very small wages and their living conditions are very poor. Even with the little money they get, they drink alcoholic beverages and smoke ganja.

We all know about the Right to Education and Laws against child labour. But these children who are less than 14 are not going to any school and are badly mistreated by their employers. If people don’t open their eyes, the Law should come and make these cruel employers open their eyes. We speak of Metros, Airports, 6-line super highways and Info parks. How can we ignore the plight of these victims of Fate and speak of development?

Children are the wealth of the society. They are to be tomorrow’s leaders. We ought to do them justice, not on paper and pulpits, not by mere words but by deeds.

Yours truly
Sd /-
Kareena

Activity 9

Think of publishing a manuscript magazine on the lines suggested on p. 144 -145 of the Text.

Let’s Learn More About Words

Activity 1

Look at the following sentence.
Vanka put on his hat and ran out into the street.
When ‘on’ is added to put, it means wear.
a. Prepare a list of such phrasal verbs and use each of them in sentences of your own.
1. put off – postpone: The meeting was out off for next month.
2. put up with – tolerate: I can’t put up with your antics any more.
3. put down – write: Whatever you say put it down on paper.
4. put across: communicate properly: The teacher could not put across his view to the students.
5. put out – extinguish: The fire department failed to put out the fire.
6. put back – keep somewhere where you took it from: Put back the book after you have gone through it.
7. Put in – add: Put in more efforts next time you write the examination.
8. put into – deposit something: After using the shaver put into the drawer.
9. put forward – suggest – The new minister put forward some good ideas.
10. Put by – save: You have to put some money by for the rainy day.

b. Rewrite the paragraph given on p. 156 replacing the under lined words with suitable phrasal verbs from the table.

Vanka began his letter wishing his grandfather a happy Christmas. Even though he was conscious about his master’s arrival, he went on writing. He wanted to get back to his village where he lived peacefully. He could not put up with the cruelties of his masters any more. He begged his grandfatherto look after him. He never wished to call at Moscow again. He finished the letter and went through it once again. He put on his coat and went out to drop his letter in the post box.

Activity 2

Imagine that Grandfather receives the letter written by Vanka. The paragraph given below describes his thoughts and feelings.
Complete the paragraph using appropriate words from the box below.
Grandfather’s hands shivered as he opened the letter. Vanka’s face appeared ………… (a) ……… before him. The candle ……….. (b) ……… but the letters were ……….. (c)………. clear to him. The old man who was ……….. (d) ………… at hiding his emotions could not stop the tears from
flowing down ……….. (e) ……….. eyed, he recollected with warmth the ………. (f) …….. and ………. (g) ………. manner of his grandson. He longed to bring him back. The ………. (h) ………. eyes of the boy seemed to haunt him. They could enjoy the ……… (i) ……….. Christmas together. But the helpless old man gave a deep sigh!
[remarkably, bleary, distinctly, glorious, docility, flickered, insinuating, adept, imploring]
Answers:
a) distinctly
b) flickered
c) remarkably
d) adept
e) Bleary
f) docility
g) insinuating
h) imploring
i) glorious

Vanka (Short Story) About The Author

Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) is a master of modern short story and drama. His works make the readers ask questions. His important works are: “Three Sisters’’, “The Cherry Orchard” and “The Lady with the Dog”.

Vanka (Short Story) Summary in English

1. Vanka Zhukov is 9 years old. He is apprenticed to Alyakhin, a shoemaker. Vanka did not go to bed on Christmas Eve. When his master, master’s wife, and the other senior apprentices went to Church, Vanka took a pen and a crumpled sheet of paper. Before starting to write he looked around the room, the door and window as if he was afraid. He looked at the lasts on the shelves and gave a sigh. Then he knelt on the floor and started writing.

2. “Dear Grandad Konstantin Makarich, I am writing a letter to you. I send you Christmas greetings and I hope God will send you his blessings. I have no father and Mummie and you are all I have left.”

P.146
3. Vanka saw his grandfather in his mind. His grandfather was a night watchman on the estate of a rich family. He was a small, lean old man about 65. But he was lively and agile. He had a smiling face but his eyes were bleary with drink. During daytime he slept in the dark kitchen or spent time joking with the cook and the kitchen maids. In the night he wore a sheepskin coat and walked around the estate making sounds with his rattle. With him there used to be two dogs. One was old Kashtanka. The other was Eel. Eel had black coat and a long weasel-like body. Eel was respectful and always tried to get people’s affection. He looked at friends and strangers in the same manner. He did not give confidence to anyone. His respectful and obedient nature hid his hatred and vengeance. He could go quietly and bite somebody’s foot, creep into the icehouse and steal a peasant’s chicken. His back legs had been cut many times, twice he had been hung up, and every week he was beaten up very badly. But he survived all.

P.147
4. Grandad was perhaps standing at the gate looking at the bright red light coming from the church windows, or chatting with the servants. His rattle would be tied to his belt. He would be laughing and pinching a maid or one of the cooks. He would show his snuff box and ask the women to take a nip. The women would take some snuff and put into their nostrils. They would sneeze. Grandad would be shouting and laughing with joy, saying, “Good for frozen noses.”

5. Even the dogs were given snuff. Kashtanka would sneeze, shake her head and walk away, feeling angry. But Eel very politely would wag his tail. The weather was good. The air was still and fresh. It was a dark night. But the whole village could be seen’ clearly because the houses had white roofs. Smoke rose from the chimneys. Trees were covered with frost. Snow was falling. The sky was filled with twinkling stars. The Milky Way was shining as if polished with snow.

6. Vanka continued with his letter: “Yesterday I got a lot of beating. The master took me by the hair and dragged me into the yard. He beat me badly with the stirrup-strap (the belt used to connect the foot rest of the rider to the saddle). I had gone to sleep while rocking his baby. One day last week, the mistress told me to clean a herring. I began from the tail. She took it and rubbed its head on my face. Other apprentices make fun of me. They send me to buy vodka and make me steal the master’s cucumbers.
I don’t get enough to eat. They give me bread in the morning, gruel for dinner and again bread for supper. I never get tea or cabbage soup. They take it all themselves. They make me sleep in the passage. When their baby cries, I don’t get any sleep at all. I have to rock it. Dear Grandad, for the Lord’s sake, take me away from this place. Take me home to the village. I can’t suffer it any longer. I beg you. I always pray for you. Do take me away or I will die….’’

P.148
7. Vanka’s lips trembled. He rubbed his eyes. He sobbed.

Vanka continued: “I will grind your snuff for you. I will pray for you. You can beat me as hard as you like if I do mischief. If you think I have nothing to do, I will clean the boots or go as a shepherd instead of Fedya. I wanted to run away to the village but I have no boots and I was afraid of the frost. When I grow up to be a man I will look after you and I will not let anyone hurt you. When you die, I will pray for your soul like I do for my Mummie.”

8. “Moscow is such a big town. There are many gentlemen’s houses and many horses there. There are no sheep. The dogs there are not at all fierce. The boys go about with a sta,r at Christmas. They don’t let you sing in church. Once I saw them selling fishing hooks of different sizes. I saw one hook that could hold a catfish weighing 30 pounds. I have seen shops selling guns like the one my master has. The guns might cost 100 roubles each. In the butcher’s shop we can buy grouse, woodcock (both mean different kinds of ‘kattukozhi’) and hares. The shopkeepers don’t say how they got them.”

9. “Dear Grandad, when they have a Christmas tree at the big house, take a fine nut for me and put it away in the green chest. Ask Miss Olga Ignatyevna and tell her it is for Vanka.”

10. Vanka sighed. He looked at the window glass. He remembered his grandfather going to get a Christmas tree for his employers. He had taken Vanka with him. How happy Vanka was then! Grandfather would laugh. The frost covered trees would laugh and Vanka also laughed. Before cutting the tree, grandfather would smoke his pipe, take a long pinch of snuff. He would laugh at the shivering Vanka. The young firtrees, covered with frost, stood without moving. They were waiting to see which one would be cut. Suddenly a hare would appear. Grandfather would shout: ‘Stop it, stop it.’

P.149
11. Grandfatherwould drag the tree to the big house. They all would decorate it. Miss Olga Ignatyevna, Vanka’s favourite, was the busiest of all. Pelageya was Ninka’s mother. She is dead. When she was working in the big house, Olga Ignatyevna used to give Vanka sweets. As her pastime, she also taught Vanka to read, write and count to a hundred. She even tried to teach him to dance. When his mother died, Vanka was sent to the back kitchen to his grandmother. From there he was sent to Moscow, to Alyakhin.

12. Vanka continued writing. “Come to me dear grandad. Take me from here. Feel pity for me. They always beat me and I am always hungry and miserable. I send my love to Alyona, one eyed-Yegor and the coachman. Don’t give my concertina to anyone. I remain your grandson Ivan Zhukov. DearGrandad do come.”

13. He folded the sheet and put into an envelope. He wrote the address: To Grandfather in the village. After some thought he added: To Konstantin Makarich’.

P.150
14. He was happy that nobody saw him writing. He put his cap and ran out into the street. He did not wear his coat. The men at the butcher’s had told him that letters are put into letter-boxes. Then they are sent all over the world in mail coaches with 3 horses and drunken drivers and jingling bells. Vanka dropped his letter in the letter box.

15. An hour later he fell asleep. He dreamed of a stove. His grandfather was sitting on the stove-ledge, with his bare feet dangling. He was reading the letter to the cooks. Eel was walking backwards and forwards, wagging his tail.

Vanka (Short Story) Summary in Malayalam

Meaning of Words and Phrases

You can Download The Castaway Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 5 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 5 Chapter 3 The Castaway (Short Story)

Std 10 English Textbook The Castaway Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What really is the battle of gods and demons mentioned here?
Answer:
The battle of gods and demons mentioned here is the roaring storm, heavy rain, the powerful thunder and lightning.

Question 2.
What made the natives of Chandemagore terribly anxious? What was their solution?
Answer:
The illness of Kiran made the natives of Chandemagore terribly anxious. Their solution was Kiran should be taken to her own home.

Question 3.
“…a recovered person never needs further recovery. ” What did Kiran mean by that?
Answer:
By that she meant that she has recovered from her illness and she does not need to stay in the riverside house for further recovery.

Question 4.
Kiran enjoyed interacting with people and hated being inactive. Pick out the sentences which give this sense.
Answer:
“Kiran had enjoyed being with the villagers steaming with fun. But here in the riverside, she could not tolerate the heavy burden of doing nothing.”

Question 5.
Who was the new guest to the riverside house? How did he come there? How did Kiran treat him?
Answer:
The new guest to the riverside house was Nilkanta. He belonged to a theatrical group. Their boat perished in the storm while they were going to stage a play in a nearby villa. Kiran treated him very kindly, giving him dry clothes to change and milk to drink.

Question 6.
The boy’s entry was a boon to everyone. How?
Answer:
The boy’s entry was a boon to everyone because Kiran had warm feelings towards him. Sharat and his mother were happy as Kiran would stay longer there. Nilkanta was happy because he escaped from his cruel master and now he could stay with a wealthy family.

Question 7.
Why did Sharat and his mother long for the departure of Nilkanta?
Answer:
Sharat and his mother longed for the departure of Nilkanta because he developed a great friendship band of naughty boys who did not allow any fruits to get ripen in the neighborhood. He also brought a mongrel dog home which turned the house upside down.

Question 8.
Though Sharat punished him for his naughtiness, Nilkanta did not change his behaviour. What was the reason behind that?
Answer:
The reason behind that was he strongly believed the world was made up of eatings and beatings in which beatings played the predominant part.

Question 9.
What was the confusion about Nilkanta’s age with his face and deeds?
Answer:
His hairless innocent face showed he was 14, but the smoke and words that came out of his mouth suggested he was beyond 17.

Question 10.
Nilkanta turned out to be a failure in his studies. How did his studies go on?
Answer:
He felt the alphabets were dancing in the mist in front of his eyes. But he developed the skill of casting his eyes blank on a page for hours as if reading it. If he felt someone was near him, he would read aloud but no one could understand what he read.

Question 11.
The care and affection of Kiran changed the boy’s miserable life to a happy one. How did he behave when he was away from Kiran’s presence?
Answer:
When he was away from Kiran’s presence, he behaved as a very naughty boy. He would bring dozens of complaints from his neighbors and eventually Sharat had to tie his hands together at times forcing him to stay home. But his naughty friends would come in search of him for new ways of mischief.

Question 12.
What was the difference in Nilkanta’s behavior after Satish came to the house? To Nilkanta, why was Kiran angry with him?
Answer:
Nilkanta’s behavior changed after Satish came to the house. Before Satish came, Kiran used to serve him meals and he ate a lot. Now he left the hall without eating much. He would repeatedly say, “I am not hungry” hoping that Kiran would press him to eat more. But that did not happen. So he would go and cry soaking his pillows with tears. According to Nilkanta, Satish played some venomous trick to make Kiran angry with him.

Question 13.
How did Nilkanta avenge Satish in his own way?
Answer:
Nilkanta avenged Satish in his own way by taking away the soap when he was bathing or throw his dress in the air which would be flown by the wind. When Kiran asked him to entertain Satish he said he did not remember anything.

Question 14.
What grave problem did Kiran and her family have when they were about to move to their house in the village?
Answer:
When they were about to move to their house in the village, they started packing their things. Kiran wanted to take Nilkanta with them, but the idea was strongly opposed by the other members of the family. Kiran advised Nilkanta to go back to his own home and he burst into tears. Satish was annoyed at this sight and he told Kiran that Nilkanta is putting up a show to get her sympathy.

Question 15.
Why did Nilkanta think about burning Satish into ashes?
Answer:
Nilkanta thought about burning Satish into ashes because he said that he was playing a trick to earn the sympathy of Kiran by crying before her. This made Nilkanta very angry.

Question 16.
“Nilkanta wobbled towards the wall with swollen heart and head.” Why?
Answer:
Nilkanta wobbled towards the wall with swollen heart and head because Satish attacked him thinking that he had stolen his grand inkstand. His heart was swollen because he was sad that Kiran was going away without taking him with her. His head was swollen because of the beating he got from Satish.

Question 17.
What was the battle of words for?
Answer:
The battle of words took place because of the missing inkstand. Satish and Sharat thought Nilkanta stole it. But Kiran supported the innocence of Nilkanta. Satish wanted to search Nilkanta’s room but Kiran opposed it and even cried.

Question 18.
What did Kiran do to console Nilkanta? What puzzled her when she unlocked his box?
Answer:
To console Nilkanta, Kiran wanted to give him a surprise gift consisting of two new suits of clothes, a pair of shoes and a bank note. When she unlocked his box she was puzzled to see that the missing inkstand was at the bottom of the box under some linen.

Question 19.
‘His last hope of proving him not a thief hit the dust’. How?
Answer:
He took the inkstand as a revenge to throw it into the river. But before he could do that, Kiran had seen it in his box. There was no way he could convince her that he had no intention of stealing it, but he just wanted to destroy it. So his last hope of proving him not a thief hit the dust.

Question 20.
What might be the mystery behind the missing of Nilkanta?
Answer:
The mystery behind the missing of Nilkanta might be that he no more dared to face Kiran who had loved him so much. He was certain he could not get that love back after she saw the inkstand in his box.

let’s Revisit

Activity 1

The story ‘Castaway’ is full of conflicts. Nilkanta’s behaviour and actions, responses of Satish and Sarat and arguments of Kiran for Nilkanta make the main plot of the story. Make a revisit to the story and complete the following table.

Answer:

Character	Remarkable qualities	Supporting instances
Kiran	kind, loving, argumentative	She is kind to Nilkanta. She loves the villagers. She argues with her husband on many occasions.
Sharat	loving, argumentative	He loves Kiran, his mother and brother. He argues with his wife often.
Nilkanta	loving, mischievous, vengeful, angry	He loves Kiran. He is mischievous and does naughty things with his gang. He wants to take revenge on Satish. When angry he beats up his friends, kicks his dog and hits branches of trees.
Satish	jealous, violent	He is jealous of Nilkanta. He thrashes Nilkanta badly when he discovers his inkstand missing.

Activity 2

a. In the story ‘Castaway’, we came across a young boy, Nilkanta, who escaped from a storm.
How did he manage to save himself?
If you are in his Place what will you do? Discuss.
It is better to have such skills to save ourselves and others in critical situations.
Can you suggest some of those skills?
Answer:
He managed to save himself by swimming ashore.
If I were in his place I would save myself first and then I would do whatever I could to save those who travelled with me in the boat. Then when I become sure that there is nothing more I can do to help them, I would seek help from others so that I can continue to live.

Some of the skills to save ourselves and others are:

• Awareness about first aid
• Trekking
• Rock Climbing
• Swimming
• Starting and tending afire
• Foraging for food

b. Even though Nilkanta escaped from the storm he failed to get the acceptance of the people who were kind to him. Kiran’s family could have utilised his theatrical skills to create a better artist out of him. As a well-wisher of Nilkanta, what can you do to support in grooming the boy into a successful man? Discuss.

Discussion points:

• Identifying his abilities
• Encouraging
• …………………………….
• …………………………….
• …………………………….
• …………………………….
• …………………………….

Answer:
Discussion Points:

• Identifying his abilities
• Encouraging
• Teaching
• Comforting
• Making him feel important
• Citizenship qualities
• Moral instructions

The Role of Society in Moulding a Person:
Answer:
Every person lives in a society. Naturally he can’t behave the way he wants to as he has to make sure that others don’t suffer because of his actions. Society must help a person to develop his personality and his skills. Schools identify a person’s talents and guide him in that direction. Society teaches persons to be loving, kind and generous to others. One should love his parents, brothers and sisters, relatives, neighbours, fellow citizens and humanity itself. Society helps persons to develop citizenship skills. With the help of the society, a person gets educated, gets a proper job, and is well placed in the society. He earns respect from others and they respect him in return. Live and let live should be one’s guiding principle.

c. Have you identified your skills and talents?
How can we nourish them?
Let us conduct a talent search competition in our school under the auspice of the English club.
what are the competitions?

• Recitation
• Mono-act
• Extempore
• …………………………….
• …………………………….
• …………………………….

Prepare a notice for the event which include all the details.
Answer:
Yes, I have.
We nourish them by learning and practicing hard. What are the Competitions?

• Recitation
• Mono-Act
• Extempore
• Role Play
• Elocution
• Debates
• Sports and Athletics
• Literary Competitions – Composing Essays, Stores and Poems

ST. JOSEPH’S H.S.S. KAKKANAD

10 October 2019

NOTICE

The Debating Club of the School is organizing a Debate on 20 October 2019 in the Assembly Hall. The Topic for the Debate is “Should there be Uniforms in Schools?”. The Competition is between XA and XB. Three students from each group will present their views supporting or opposing the motion.
The Debate starts at 3 p.m.
You are welcome to the event.

Sd/-
Ammini S.
Secretary, Debating Club

Let’s Find Out How Language Elements Work

Activity 1
In the story, we can see that Vanka’s earlier life in the village is in sharp contrast with his present life in Moscow. Pick out sentences from the story describing the past and the present life of Vanka and complete the table given.

Answer:

Past life	Present Life
He remembered his grandfather going go get a Christmas tree.	I am writing a letter to you.
Vanka folded the sheet of paper in four.	They are eating all the food.
He dreamed of a stove.	I am planning to come to you

Activity 2 (Read p.169)

In the first sentence the action is performed by Vanka (although his name is not mentioned here.) In the second sentence the action is done by Alyakhin, the shoemaker. But his name is not mentioned in the sentence. The name of the doer is not mentioned because what is important here is the action and the sufferer and not the doer of the action.

a. Read the following sentences.

1. Navin wrote the letter.
   The letter was written by Navin.
2. He washes the clothes.
   The clothes are washed by him.

Discuss:

Question 1.
Are the sentences the same in each set?
Answer:
The sentences are not the same in each set.

Question 2.
What difference do you notice?
Answer:
The difference is that the first one is in the active voice and second one is in the passive voice.

Question 3.
What changes occured to the first sentence when it was changed to Passive voice?
Answer:
The object in the first sentence becomes the subject in the second and the doer is mentioned with a by-phrase. There are also changes in the verb forms.

Question 4.
List out the active verbs and passive verbs from the above examples.

Answer:

Active verbs	Passive verbs
wrote	was written
washes	are washed
took	was taken

Question 5.
Change the following sentences from active to passive voice.

1. vanka is writing a letter.
Answer:
A letter is being written by Vanka.

2. Aliakhin beats Vanka evervday.
Answer:
Vanka is beaten by Alyakhin every day.

3. Grandfather would give the dogs snuff.
Answer:
The dogs would be given snuff by the grandfather
(Or)
Snuff would be given to the dogs by the grandfather.

4. Satish had brought a grand inkstand.
Answer:
A grand inkstand had been brought by Satish.

5. Nilkanta stole the inkstand.
Answer:
The inkstand was stolen by Nilkanta.

6. Grandfather will save Vanki.
Answer:
Vanka will be saved by grandfather.

Activity 3

a.
Question 1.
Pick out sentences with similar adjectives from the story and complete the table given below.

Answer:

Sentences with adjectives ending in ‘-ing’	Sentences with adjectives ending in ‘-ed’
1. He gave a quivering sigh.	1. He then took from the cupboard a bottle of ink …. and spread out a crumpled paper.
2. Eel and Kashtanga would follow him with drooping heads.	2. Take a gilded nut for me and put it away in the green chest.
3. He was wonderfully respectful and insinuating.	3. The orphaned Vanka was sent down to the back kitchen.
4. He had the same appealing glance on friends and strangers alike.
5. The sky was sprinkled with gaily twinkling stars. They are also seen selling fishing hooks.
6. These boxes are sent all over the world on mail coaches with 3 horses and drunken drivers and jingling bells.

Question 2.
What difference do you notice between the adjectives ending in ‘-ed’ and adjectives ending in ‘-ing’?
Answer:
Adjectives ending in ‘-ed’ usually describe people’s feelings. However, adjectives ending in “-ing” describe the characteristics of people and things.

b. Now, sit in pairs and construct sentences using the following adjectives.
i. frightened-frightening
ii. thrilled-thrilling
iii. tired – tiring
iv. bored – boring
v. shocked – shocking
Answer:
i. frightened-frightening
The frightened dog ran away.
He made a frightening speech.

ii. thrilled-thrilling
The thrilled boy clapped his hands.
Climbing the mountain was a thrilling experience

iii. ired – tiring
The tired laborer rested for some time.
Driving for 10 hours at a stretch was a tiring job.

iv. bored – boring
The bored audience began to sleep.
His boring speech made me unhappy.

v. shocked – shocking
The shocked mother gave a loud cry.
Failing in the examination was a shocking experience.

Activity 4

Sentence Patterns. There are 7 basic sentence patterns in English.
Identify the patterns of these sentences (p. 172).
1. John/laughed.
2. John/kissed/Jane.
3. John / is7 tall.
4. John/gave/ Jane la present.
5. John/made/Jane/angry.
6. John /sat /up.
7. John/ put /the bag /down.
Answers:
1. SV
2. SVO
3. SVC
4. SVOO
5. SVOC
6. SVA
7. SVOA

Exercise: (p.173)
Identify the sentence pattern of the following sentences.
1. He bought his girlfriend a ring.
2. She sings and dances.
3. She made the problem complicated.
4. She goes to school.
5. John and Marry are swimming.
6. He brought me a cup of tea.
7. The company has been very successful.
8. They are in class.
9. He is brave.
10. I called my dog Dodo
Answers:
1. SVOO
2. SV
3. SvOC
4. SVC
5. SV
6. SVOO
7. SVA
8. SVC
9. SVA
10. SVOC

Now, construct sentences according to the seven basic sentence patterns.
Answer:
Sentences with the 7 different patterns

1. SV – John came.
2. SVO – I drank tea.
3. SVC – Lilly is sick.
4. SVOO – I showed Mary a picture.
5. SVOC – We elected him leader
6. SVA – Simi is fair.
7. SVOA – They found him sick.

Activity 5

Let’s Analyse the following sentences. Pick out NP, VP, Pre.P, Adv.P, Adj.P etc. from them. Identify the constituents or each phrase.

Question 1.
The poor boy Vanka was cruelly beaten by his master.
Answer:
The poor boy Vanka – NP (Article, adjective, noun, noun)
was cruelly beaten – VP (Auxiliary, adverb, past participle)
by his master – Prepositional Phrase (particle, Adjedive, noun)

Question 2.
His Grandfather Konstantin Makarich was an old man of sixty five.
Answer:
His grandfather Constantin Makarich – NP (Adjective, noun, noun, noun)
was – VP
an old man of sixty-five – Complement (article, adjective, noun particle, noun)

Question 3.
The beautiful Christmas tree in front of the house came to his memory.
Answer:
The beautiful Christmas tree in front of the house – NP (Article, adjective, noun, noun, particle, noun, particle, article, noun)
came – VP
to his memory – Prepositional Phrase (particle, adjective, noun)

Question 4.
Vanka dropped the letter into the slit of the letter box.
Answer:
Vanka – NP (noun)
dropped – VP
the letter – Object (article, noun)
into the slit of the letter box – Prep. Phrase (particle, article, noun, particle, article, noun, noun)

Question 5.
Young boys sold fishing hooks that can hold a fish weighing thirty pounds.
Answer:
Young boys – NP (adjective, noun)
sold – VP
fishing hooks – Object (adjective, noun)
that can hold a fish weighing thirty pounds – Relative
Clause (relative pronoun, auxiliary, verb, article, noun, adjective, noun, noun)

Let’s Edit

There are some errors in it which are underlined. Edit the passage and rewrite it.

Vanka is an unhappy orphan who have (a) been apprenticed to the shoemaker Alyakhin in Moscow. On Christmas Eve, where (b) his master and the others are at church, Vanka sits down to writinq (c) a letter to his grandfather Konstantin Makarich in his native village where Vanka lived (d) before being sent to the city. After the death of her (e) mother, Vanka was dispatched to the shoemaker. He thoughts (f) about the Grandfather’s dogs Kashtanka and Eel. Kashtanka is too old for mischief, or (g) the wily Eel___is sly and treacherous. Vankas (h) homesickness and misery (i) emerge heart breakingly as he written (j) his letter.
Answers
a) has
b) when
c) write
d) had lived
e) his
f) thinks
g) and
h) Vanka’s
i) misery
j) writes

The Castaway About the Author

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) is a Bengali writer who reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He became the first non- European to win the Nobel Prize for Literature for his celebrated work Gitanjali, famous for its ‘Profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse’. The Golden Boat, Cabuliwalals, The Post Office and The Broken Nest are some of his notable works. This is an extract from his autobiographical work My Boiiluui Days.

– Rabindranath Tagore

The Castaway Summary in English

The story revolves around a Zamindar family consisting mainly of Sharat and his wife Kiran, Sharat’ mother. Later Nilkanta, an orphan boy, joins them. He comes to them after the boat in which he was travelling sank in the storm. He was working with a theatrical group. The group was travelling to a nearby place when the boat sank. The boy did not know what happened to the rest of the members or the theatrical group. We also see Satish, the younger brother of Sharat, coming to spend his vacation with the family of Sharat and Kiran.

The story begins with a small discussion between Kiran and her husband Sharat. They discuss whether they should stay for some more time in this retreat, or return to their village. They are now staying in a riverside house in Chandernagore. They had come here from their village because Kiran was very sick and they wanted to have a change of place. Kiran is interested in going back because she enjoyed the company of her villagers. Here in the riverside house she had nothing to do and she was bored. But Sharat wants her to remain there for some more time so that she can become fully healthy again. The doctor also recommended her stay here for some more time.

Their discussion ends when they hear a call from someone. The caller was a young boy, Nilkanta, who comes to them after escaping from a sinking boat. His arrival brings about a major change in the household. He is a Brahmin youth of 14. Kiran took a great liking for the boy. Sharat and his mother were happy that this would make Kiran stay longer in the riverside house. Nilkanta was happy to escape from: his cruel master and be part of a wealthy family. He was given good food and also gifts by the kind lady, Kiran.

Before long, Sharat and his mother realize that Nilkanta is a mischievous boy who developed close friendship with a group of naughty boys who would not allow any fruit to ripen in the neighborhood. He also developed a friendship with a street dog which turned the house upside down. Both Sharat and his mother wanted the boy to go away. But Kiran wanted him to stay. The boy made her happy with his theatrical performances in the afternoons. Sharat sometimes gave the boy physical punishment for his different acts of mischief. But Nilkanta continues to enjoy his carefree life, feeling happy for the first time in his life. Kiran tried to teach him reading and writing, but he was not interested in academics. Slowly he forgot about the hard life he had with the theatrical group.

Things take a different turn when Sharat’s younger brother, Satish, comes to spend his vacation with them. Kiran was happy with her brother-in-law and they had a lot of fun together. For the first time, Nilkanta feels neglected by Kiran, as she is spending more time with her brother-in-law. Nilkanta now feels he is not at all important in the family. He would often become angry and beat his gang members, kick his pet dog or smash the leaves and branches of trees with his canes.

Kiran now did not find time to serve meals to Nilkanta. Sometimes he would say he is not hungry hoping that Kiran would persuade him to eat. But she said nothing. He would then go to his room and cry. He thought Satish played some trick on her to make her angry with him.

Nilkanta wanted to take revenge on Satish. He removed the soap when Satish was taking bath or he threw his clothes up in the air as if blown by wind. Once Kiran asked Nilkanta to entertain Satish with his theatrical skills. But he said he did not remember anything.

Now they all decide to return home. They pack things. Nobody asks Nilkanta to go with them. Later Kiran proposes to take him with them, but all others strongly oppose the idea. Kiran then tells him to go back to his home. He cries and so Kiran decides to take him with her. Satish is very angry and tells Kiran that Nilkanta is clever enough to find a way to soften her heart with a tear or two. She is so good and trustful that she falls for the trick. Nilkanta now thinks of doing something against Satish.

Satish had brought a grand ornamental inkstand from Calcutta. It was his most favourite item. He cleaned it every day with great care. Suddenly the inkstand was missing. Satish thought it was Nilkanta who has stolen it and beats him up badly. Kiran tells Nilkanta to return the inkstand if he has taken it. But he knelt down weeping bitterly. There was a big argument between Kiran on one side and Sharat and Satish on the other. Satish wanted to search Nilkanta’s room but Kiran cried and said he should not do it.

Kiran felt sorry for the poor Nilkanta. She wanted to give him a surprise present. She got two new suits of clothes, a pair of shoes and a bank note. She wanted to place them in Nilkanta’s box and surprise him.

When she opened Nilkanta’s box, it was fully packed and she started pulling out things to place her gift in the box. To her great surprise she sees the missing inkstand there. Nilkanta was standing behind her and he felt as if he was hit by a hammer on his head. He had taken the inkstand as an act of revenge to Satish. He wanted to throw it into the river. But there was no way he could convince Kiran who thought Nilkanta was a thief. He left the room without Kiran noticing him. Kiran sighed deeply and kept the gift on top and closed the box.

The next day Nilkanta was nowhere to be found. Even the police could not find him. Sharat wanted to search Nilkanta’s box but Kiran strongly opposed the idea and so he had to withdraw. She took the inkstand and threw it in the river. The family returned to their house. But the mongrel dog wandered along the river bank with heart-breaking whines.

The Castaway Summary in Malayalam

The Castaway Meaning of Words and Phases