Class 5

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Water and Life Class 5 Questions and Answers Notes

Class 5 Basic Science Chapter 3 Question Answer Notes Pdf  Water and Life

Basic Science Class 5 Chapter 3 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Let Us Assess

Question 1.
The change in state of water is illustrated below. Complete the flowchart by adding appropriate words.

Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the idea chart made on water.

Answer:

Question 3.
Examine the test report on water quality made on three different sources. Analyse the table and write your findings.

Property	River	Pond	Well
Colour	Muddy	Muddy	Clear
Odour	Foul odour	Foul odour	No odour
Organic waste	Yes	Yes	No
Chemical waste	Yes	Yes	No

a) Which source of water is the safest to drink?
b) Can we make river and pond water potable? How?
c) What can we do to prevent pollution of water sources?
Answer:
a) Well
b) Yes, Disinfection in water treatment plants can make them safe to drink.
c)

• Avoid dumping wastes into the waterbodies.
• Avoid dumping factory waste into the waterbodies.
• Make sure that fertilisers and pesticides do not flow into the water bodies.
• Use toilets and other sanitation facilities.

Question 4.
The properties of water are listed. Find out and complete the table with suitable details from daily life.

Answer:

Properties of water	Situation
Conducts heat	Cooking food items
Maintains level	Levels are set in building construction
Universal solvent	Preparing various solutions like salt solution
Ability to vapourise	Drying up of wet clothes, Drying up of washed surfaces

Extended Activities

Question 1.
What is the main source of drinking water in your locality?
Let’s conduct a surwey. Information should be collected about the sources of drinking water in your house and three neighbouring houses.

Drinking water source	In my house	Neighbourhood houses
		House 1	House 2	House 3
Well
Public water supply system
Borewell
Rain water storage tank
Other sources

Answer:

Drinking water source	In my house	Neighbourhood houses
		House 1	House 2	House 3
Well	✓	✓	✗	✗
Public water supply system	✓	✓	✓	✗
Borewell	✗	✗	✓	✗
Rainwater storage tank	✗	✗	✗	✓
Other sources	✗	✗	✗	✗

Most of the houses use public water supply systems to get water to satisfy their needs. Wells are also seen in common. Rainwater storage tanks and borewells are used by very few people in our locality.

Question 2.
Study and prepare a note on your school’s water usage.
Information to be collected

• What are the water sources at the school?
• How much water is used per day?
• For what needs?
• For what purpose water is most used?
• What practical suggestions can you make for reducing water use at present?

Answer:
Water Usage at Our School

• Water Sources: Our school primarily uses water from two sources: a municipal supply and a borewell on campus.
• Daily Water Usage: On average, our school uses about 5,000 litres of water per day.
• Needs: The water is used for various purposes such as drinking, cooking in the kitchen, cleaning classrooms, toilets, and watering plants.
• Most Used Purpose: The majority of water is used for maintaining cleanliness, including cleaning classrooms and toilets.

Suggestions for Reducing Water Use:

• Fix any leaky taps or pipes promptly to avoid wastage.
• Encourage students and staff to turn off taps tightly after use.
• Reuse water where possible, like using water for cleaning to watering plants.
• Educate everyone about the importance of conserving water and involve them in initiatives to save water

Question 3.
Design an apparatus to demonstrate experimentally that water maintains its level.
Answer:
Procedure:
1. Set up the Apparatus:

• Place the transparent container on a support stand or a flat surface.
• Fill the container with water up to a marked level (you can use a marker to make a clear indication).
• Insert one end of the flexible tubing into the container, ensuring it reaches the bottom.
• Keep the other end of the tubing above the water level.

2. Observe the Water Level:

• Take note of the water level in the container and the end of the tubing.

3. Add Food Colouring:

• If desired, add a few drops of food colouring into the water to make it easier to see.

4. Manipulate the Tube:

• Gently bend or curve the tubing without altering the height of the open end above the water level.

5. Observe Changes:

• Observe how the water level inside the tubing remains the same as the water level in the container.
• You can measure the height of the water column inside the tubing at different points to confirm that it matches the water level in the container.

Water and Life Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Do you get the water regularly in the same way?
Answer:
Yes, It’s delivered to homes and buildings through a system of pipes managed by local authorities.

Question 2.
What are the other sources of water you depend on?
Answer:
Wells, Tubewells, Rainwater, Lakes, Ponds, Streams etc.
Take a look at the table showing the approximate amount of water used by one person for various purposes.

Approximate daily use of water

Use of water	Quantity (in litres)
To drink	2.5 – 3.5
To cook food	3.0 -4.0
To wash vessels	6.0 – 8.0
To bath and to wash clothes	30.0
For sanitation	50.0
For other purposes	30.0
Total	121.5-125.5

Question 3.
Compare your daily use with the usage in the given table.
Answer:

• Toilets: A single flush can use between 3 and 7 litres of water exclamation.
• Showers: A five-minute shower can use between 60 and 100 litres of water.
• Clothes washer: A typical clothes washer uses between 50 and 100 litres of water per cycle
• Dishwasher: A dishwasher can use between 30 and 50 litres of water per cycle.
  We can control and limit the use of certain things, but not the drinking water.

Eg: Taking shorter showers, running washing machines and dishwashers only when they are full. increasing demand and decreasing availability. The availability of fresh water is decreasing due to an increase in population and an increase in the level of water pollution, it is estimated that 200 crore people in the world do not have access for a sufficient amount of fresh water. If this situation continues, it is expected that the water shortage will become more severe in the coming years. Millions of people die all over the world every year due to diseases caused by water pollution.

Question 4.
For what purpose do you use the water most? How many litres of water do you use approximately in your home per day? Find out and write in your science diary.
Answer:
For bathing and washing clothes. On average, a typical household might use anywhere from 100 to 400 litres of water per person per day, but this can vary widely.

Question 5.
What is the importance of water in our body?
Answer:
Most of the body activities need water. Water keeps us hydrated, cools us down, helps move nutrients, keeps joints healthy, and aids digestion. See the approximate amount of water in our body.

Water is an important component of the human body.
Water is essential for all life functions.

Water in plant
Plants also need water.
What are the functions of water in plants? Look at the illustration.

All living beings need water for life functions.

Question 6.
Did you notice the child’s opinion? Do you agree with this statement f
Answer:
No. water that is colourless and odourless may contain disease-causing microorganisms and harmful chemical substances dissolved in it.
Some information from the water quality testing report is given below.

Tested Factor	Presence
Colour	No
Odour	No
Bacteria	Yes

Question 7.
What is the benefit of testing water like this? Discuss.
Answer:
The presence of bacteria in water can be detected.The salts present in water can also be identified.

Question 8.
Write the definition of pure water.
Answer:
Pure water is Water that is very clean and safe to drink. It doesn’t have anything else mixed in it that could make you sick.
To find out whether the water you are drinking is clean, take a sample of the water and send it to the quality testing labs in your locality to get a test report.

Does water have a shape?

Question 9.
Take water ¡n containers of various shapes. Is there a relationship between the shape of the water and the shape of the container?
Answer:
Water has no definite shape. So it takes the shape of the container in which it is filled.
Observe the shape of the water in each container and draw it in your science diary.

Question 10.
Which of the following objects will float in water? Mark your findings ¡n the table.

Objects	Finding
Stone
Balloon
Coin
Wood piece
Camphor
Plastic
Iron nail
Leaf
Wax
Ice

Answer:

Objects	Finding
Stone	Sink
Balloon	Float
Coin	Sink
Wood piece	Float
Camphor	Float
Plastic	Float
Iron nail	Sink
Leaf	Float
Wax	Sink
Ice	Float

Question 11.
We often utilise the ability of objects to float in water, don’t we? Write some examples for such situations.
Answer:
Rafting, Swimming. Boating. Playing with Paper Boats. Using a Life Jacket, Water Park Fun, Plastic balls fixed to the fishing nets.

Question 12.
Do all substances dissolve in water?
How do we find substances that do not dissolve in water?
Answer:
No. If the substance remains visible as solid particles or floats on the water’s surface without dissolving, it indicates that it is insoluble in water.

Question 13.
(Sugar, salt, vinegar, baking soda, detergent, kerosene, coconut oil, ‘ax. camphor, copper sulphate, potassium permanganate)
Which of the above substances dissolve in water?
Answer:
Sugar, salt, vinegar, baking soda, detergent, copper sulphate, and potassium permanganate are the substances soluble in water.

Question 14.
Are there any substances that do not dissolve in water? Conduct the experiment and list your findings.

Substances that dissolve in water	Substances that does not dissolve in water
• Sugar	• Wax

Answer:
Yes

Substances that dissolve in water	Substances that does not dissolve in water
Sugar	Wax
SaIt	Kerosene
Vinegar	Coconut oil
Baking soda	Camphor
Detergent
Copper sulphate
Potassium permanganate

Question 15.
You have seen that some solids and liquids dissolve in water. Do gases dissolve in water?
Answer:
Yes. Gas can dissolve in water.

Look at the picture

Question 16.
Where do the fishes in the aquarium get oxygen to breathe?
Answer:
Fishes breathe the oxygen dissolved in water.

Question 17.
Have you seen the bubbles coming out of the soda bottle when you open it? How is soda water made?
Answer:
Soda water is made by dissolving carbon dioxide gas in water. The bubbles are caused by the release of carbon dioxide gas when the soda bottle is opened.

Question 18.
What was dissolved when the lemon juice was prepared? Where did they dissolve in?
Answer:
Lemon and sugar are dissolved in lemon juice. They are dissolved in water.
A substance that dissolves is called a solute and the substance in which it dissolves is called a solvent. A solution is formed when the solute is dissolved in the solvent.
SOLUTE + SOLVENT , SOLUTION

Question 19.
List the solution, solute and solvent in each of the previous activity.

Solution	Solute	Solvent
Sugar Solution Soda	Sugar	Water

Answer:

Solution	Solute	Solvent
Sugar Solution	Sugar	Water
Soda	Carbon dioxide	Water
Salt Solution	Salt	Water
Vinegar Solution	Vinegar	Water
Baking Soda Solution	Baking Soda	Water
Detergent Solution	Detergent	Water
Copper sulphate Solution	Copper sulphate	Water
Potassium permanganate Solution	Potassium permanganate	Water

Question 20.
Find more substances that dissolve in water and expand the table.
Answer:
Lemon juice, Coffee, Corn hour, Food colour, Shampoo, Chocolate syrup, Fertilizer etc.

Question 21.
How do you remove jackfruit gum and tar if they stick?
Answer:
We can remove jackfruit gum and tar by applying kerosene or coconut oil.

Question 22.
Why can’t these be washed off with water?
Answer:
It’s because jackfruit gum and tar are not soluble in water.

Question 23.
What is the best way to remove ballpoint pen ink on clothes?
Answer:
Spray spirit or sanitiser and brush it well.

Question 24.
Are the substances soluble in water, soluble in kerosene and coconut oil too?
Let’s experiment.

Answer:

Solvent	Solute
	Sugar	Salt	Baking soda	Copper sulphate	Camphor
Water	soluble	soluble	soluble	soluble	insoluble
Kerosene	insoluble	insoluble	insoluble	insoluble	soluble
Coconut oil	insoluble	insoluble	insoluble	insoluble	soluble

Water has the ability to dissolve many substances.
Hence water is called the universal solvent.

Question 25.
Write more examples that take advantage of the dissolving capacity of water.
Answer:
To wash clothes, To prepare solutions having water as the solvent, To dilute acids, To clean apparatus used in laboratories.
Do the following experiment using water, sugar and ink.
Situation I
Take water in two glasses and mix sugar grains in one and powdered sugar in the other.
Observation I
Powdered sugar dissolves in water faster.
Situation 2
Take two glasses of water. Dissolve the sugar in the first glass with stirring, and dissolve the sugar in the second glass without stirring.
Observation 2
On stirring, sugar dissolves faster in water.
Situation 3
Take hot water in one glass. cold water in another glass and mix a drop of ink in each.
Observation 3
Ink dissolves faster in hot water.

Question 26.
Is there any difference in the speed at which sugar and ink dissolve?
Answer:
Ink dissolves faster than sugar in water.

Question 27.
Find out and write don the factors that affect the speed of dissolution of substances.
Answer:

• Powdered substances base a greater speed of solubility
• On strong stirring, the speed of solubility increases.
• On getting hotter, the speed of solubility increases

Question 28.
How is ice formed?
Answer:
Water solidifies to form ice. Ice is the solid form of water.

Question 29.
What are the uses of ice?
Answer:

• To preserve food items from spoiling.
• To prepare cold drinks, ice creams etc
• To go skating in ice-cold mountain ranges.
• Eskimos use ice to make houses in polar regions.

Question 30.
What happens ¡f the ice is left outside for a short time?
Answer:
Ice melts to water.

Question 31.
Prepare a note by observing changes that happen to ice in different situations.

Situations	Observations
1. When ice is kept in a vessel
2. When ice is heated
3. When the water in the vessel boils
4. When looking at the bottom of the lid of the vessel, after boiling the water

Answer:

Situations	Observations
1. When ice is kept in a vessel	Ice changes to water slowly
2. When ice is heated	Ice melts to water very fast
3. When the water in the vessel boils	Water changes to water vapour
4. When looking at the bottom of the lid of the vessel, after boiling the water	Water sticks to the surface

Question 32.
In many soluations we use the ability of water to conduct heat. Which are those situations.
Answer:
For cooking rice. To keep water in a hotter state. In vehicle radiators, To cool down hotter objects faster, In boilers used in factories. Haven’t you noticed that when water is heated, it rises up as steam?

Question 33.
What happens to the moisture in the wet clothes as they get dry? Discuss.
Answer:
It vapourises and mixes in the atmosphere.
The spreading of small particles of liquid from its surface to the surroundings is called vapourisation. As the substance heats up, the rate of vapourisation increases. Vapourisation occurs at all temperatures. Water is the only substance that exists ¡n nature ¡n all the three states : solid, liquid and gas.

Question 34.
Make the apparatus as shown in the picture. Pour water into any bottle and observe what is happening. Write your findings in your science diary.
Answer:
The water level in all the bottles is the same.

Question 35.
What will happen to the water level in the wells of the nearby houses when water bodies dry up?
Answer:
When water bodies dry up the water level lowers in the nearby wells.

Question 36.
ill the uncontrolled use of water by industries affect the available in that area?
Answer:
Yes. Uncontrolled use of water lowers the water level. As a result wells in nearby area does not get water.
Water maintains its level. This is a property of water.

Question 37.
What is the main body of water on Earth’?
Answer:
Sea.
Sea water contains large amounts of dissolved salts, so it cannot be used for daily needs. The water reaches these water sources through the rain. There are many water sources like wells, ponds, rivers, lakes, canals, tube wells, springs, rain etc.

Question 38.
Write down the sources of fresh water around you
Answer:
Wells, tubewells, springs, rain.

Water drop says
Living beings cannot live without us. As the water bodies get heated up, we rise into the atmosphere. We then get cooled and turn into rain clouds. Then small particles in the rain clouds combine together as raindrops and fall to earth. Thus we become part of water sources.

Living beings depend on the freshwater available on Earth. But some human activities are causing water pollution.

Observe the cases given below.

Question 39.
Conduct a class seminar on water pollution and its remedies.
Answer:
Causes of water pollution

• Washing of clothes and vehicles in rivers.
• Dumping domestic waste into the rivers.
• Dumping factory waste into the rivers.
• Giving cattles a bath in the rivers.
• Flow of fertilisers and pesticides from agricultural fields to the rivers.
• Dumping of human excreta into the rivers.

Remedies

• Avoid washing of clothes and vehicles in rivers.
• Avoid giving cattles a bath in the rivers.
• Adopt suitable methods for waste disposal in houses.
• Avoid dumping factory waste into the rivers.
• Use fertilisers and pesticides wisely.
• Use toilets and other sanitation facilities.

Question 40.
What other methods can be used for water storage?
Answer:
Water fence.

Question 41.
Find out the methods that are being used in your area.
Answer:
Rainwater storage tank, check dam, stone wall, well recharging.

Basic Science Class 5 Chapter 3 Water and Life Question Answer Notes

Question 1.
What is vapourisation? What happens to the rate of vapourisation as a substance heats up?
Answer:
The spreading of small particles of liquid from its surface to the surroundings is called vapourisation. The rate of vaporisation increases as the substance heats up.

Question 2.
How do builders use water to check if two points are at the same level?
Answer:
Builders fill a tube with water and place it between two points. If the water in the tube is at the same height as the reference point, then the two points are at the same level.

Question 3.
Why is water called the universal solvent?
Answer:
Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve many different substances.

Question 4.
how is ice formed?
Answer:
Ice is formed when water freezes arid turns from a liquid to a solid.

Question 5.
In what ways is vapourisation beneficial for our day-to-day life?
Answer:

• The mopped wet floor dries off
• The wetness in the washed vessels disappears after some time.
• Wet clothes dry out.
• Water in the lakes and soil always changes into water vapour.

Question 6.
The gum that sticks to the knife while cutting a jackfruit is removed using kerosene. Which property of kerosene is utilised here?
Answer:
Kerosene acts as a solvent here. The gum is soluble in kerosene. So the gum can be easily removed from the knife.

Question 7.
How is rain formed?
Answer:
As the water bodies get heated up, water rises into the atmosphere. Then the water gets cooled and turns into rain clouds. Then small particles in the rain clouds combine together as raindrops and fall to earth as rain.

Question 8.
When does water pollution occur?
Answer:
Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water, making it unsafe for plants, animals, and people.

Question 9.
Point out any two causes of water pollution.
Answer:

• Washing of clothes and vehicles in rivers.
• Avoid dumping factory waste into the rivers.

Question 10.
How does water reach different water sources?
Answer:
By rain.

Question 11.
Find out the odd one.
a) Buttermilk, spirit, tender coconut water
b) Rivers, borewells, lakes
Answer:
a) Spirit – others help the growth of plants.
b) Borewells – others are surface water sources.

Question 12.
Suggest the solutions for the scarcity of drinking water in your locality.
Answer:

• Do not waste water.
• Minimise the overuse of water.
• Restrict water-polluting activities.
• Restrict deforestation.
• Build rain pits, rainwater reservoirs, etc.

Question 13.
Categorise the following objects into float or sink in water?
(Paper, plastic bottle, copper wire, steel plate, ice cube, honey)
Answer:

Objects that float on water	Objects that sink in water
Copper wire	Paper
Steel plate	Plastic bottle
Honey	Ice cube

Question 14.
Categorise the following objects into soluble or insoluble in water?
a) Sugar syrup
b) Lemon juice
c) Table salt
d) Palm oil
e) Sugar candy
f) Chilli powder
g) Cement
h) Rice batter
Answer:

Objects soluble in water	Objects insoluble in water
Sugar syrup Lemon juice Table salt Sugar candy	Palm oil Chilli powder Cement Rice batter

Question 15.
You might have seen air pumps fitted in the aquariums. What is its need?
Answer:
Fishes breathe the oxygen dissolved in water. Due to continuous breathing, the amount of oxygen in water can be decreased even upto zero per cent. It leads to the death of fish. So, to ensure the availability of oxygen, aquariums are fitted with air pumps.

Question 16.
Check whether the statements given below are true or false. Correct the false statements.
a) When temperature increases, the solubility of substances decreases..
b) Vapourisation occurs when it is hot.
c) Water has the maximum heat-holding capacity.
d) Rainwater is the purest form of water available in nature.
e) The maximum amount of substance present in a solution ¡s the solute.
Answer:
a) False
When temperature increases, the solubility of substances also increases.
b) False
Vapourisation occurs all the time.
e) True
d) True
e) False
The maximum amount of substance present in a solution is the solvent.

Question 17.
Match the following

A	B
Universal solvent	Check dam
Water storage	Chemical fertilisers
Water pollution	Clouds
Water sources	Solutions

Answer:

A	B
Universal solvent	Check dam
Water storage	Chemical fertilisers
Water pollution	Clouds
Water sources	Solutions

Question 18.
The various stages in the purification of water are given in disorder. Place them in the right order.
A. Allow waste to settle.
B. Disinfect.
C. Distribute water to houses.
D. Filter out large debris.
E. Store in tank.
F. Strain through multi-layered sieves.
Answer:
D. Filter out large debris.
A. Allow waste to settle.
F. Strain through multi-layered sieves.
B. Disinfect.
E. Store in tank.
C. Distribute water to houses.

Question 19.
Answer the following
a. Which body part has the maximum water content in it?
b. Which of the following does not sink in water?
(ice, coin, stone, iron nail)
c. Which is the only substance in nature that can exist in solid, liquid and in gaseous state?
Answer:
a. blood – 94%
b. ice
c. water

Question 20.
Answer the following
a. What do you know about the shape of water?
b. Name the universal solvent.
c. What is the gaseous state of water?
d. Which is the main water body on earth?
e. What are the main components of a solution?
Answer:
a. Water has no shape. It takes the shape of the container in which it is kept.
b. Water.
c. Water vapour.
d. Sea.
e. Solute and solvent.

Question 21.
Some properties of water are given in the box. And also their situations in which they are used. Match them correctly.
(Dissolves substances, flows, carries heat, has no definite shape. takes the shape of the container, Exists in the solid, liquid and gaseous state)
a. For sweetening drinks.
b. Carried through pipes.
c. Can be collected ¡n vessels of different shapes.
d. For sterilisation purposes.
e. Can be used in the ice industry.
f. Can be collected in various water reservoirs.
g. Can make puttu using steam.
h. For preparing soda water.
Answer:
a. Dissolves substances.
b. Flows.
c. Has no definite shape, takes the shapes of the container.
d. carries heat.
e. Exists in solid, liquid and gaseous states.
f. Has no definite shape, take the shape of the container.
g. Exists in solid, liquid and gaseous state.
h. Dissolves substances.

Question 22.
A) Complete the table suitably related to dissolving property.

Solute	a)	b)
c)	Water	Soda water
Sugar	Water	d)
e)	0	Copper sulphate solution

B) Three statements related to water are given below. Pick out the correct statements from them.

• The major portion of water present on the Earth is pure.
• Water is called the universal solvent due to its dissolving property.
• Water vapour ¡s the gaseous state of water.

Answer:
A)
a) Solvent
b) Solution
e) Carbon dioxide
d) Sugar solution
e) Copper sulphate
f) Water

B)

• Water is called the universal solvent due to its dissolving property.
• Water vapour is the gaseous state of water.

Question 23.
Observe the picture

a) Which property of water is picturised?
b) What changes in the water level can be seen if we put some sand in the middle vessel?
c) How is the water level in the nearby wells affected if sand ¡s mined from rivers?
Answer:
a) Water maintains its level.
b) Water level increases in the three vessels and thus water maintains its level.
e) If sand is mined from rivers water level in the nearby wells decreases.

Question 24.
Notice the following statement.
(The property of water to dissolve substances helps in washing clothes)
A. List any other two properties of water and write two daily life situations where these properties are used.
B. Complete the table

(i) ……………………..	(ii)……………………….	Solution
Sugar	(iii)……………………	Sugar solution
(iv)……………….	Water	Soda water
(v)…………..	Water	(vi)…………..

Answer:
A.

Properties of water	Situations used
Has no definite shape; takes the shape of the container	Can be collected in containers of different shapes
Exists in solid, liquid and gaseous state	Can be used in ice industry

B.

Properties of water	Situations used
Has no definite shape; takes the shape of the container	Can be collected in containers of different shapes
Exists in solid, liquid and gaseous state	Can be used in ice industry

Water and Life Class 6 Notes

All animals and plants need water to survive. Those who live on “dry” land get their water from the soil or from streams, rivers, lakes, puddles, dew or raindrops. Water is also vital for our own lives. We collect and store water for drinking and washing, for our pets and farm animals, and for irrigating our crops. Each person needs to take in atleast two litres of water daily, to stay alive and healthy. Wells, Tubewells, Rainwater, Lakes, Ponds, Streams etc are the main sources of water. The availability of fresh water is decreasing due to an increase in population and an increase in the level of water pollution.

Properties Of Water

• Water has no definite shape. So it takes the shape of the container in which it ¡s filled.
• Some objects, like coins and stones, sink in water whereas some other objects like paper boats and ice, float on water.
• Some substances like salt and vinegar are soluble in water whereas some other substances like kerosene and wax are insoluble in water.
• A solution is formed when the solute is dissolved in the solvent.
  Solute + Solvent —Solution
• Water has the ability to dissolve many substances. Hence water is called the universal solvent.
• The speed of dissolution of substances depends on the following factors:
  1. Powdered substances have a greater speed of solubility
  2. On strong stirring, the speed of solubility increases
  3. On getting hotter, the speed of solubility increases
• Water can exist in all three states of matter.
  Solid — ice, Liquid — water, Gas — water vapour
• The spreading of small particles of liquid from its surface to the surroundings is called vapourisation. As the substance heats up, the rate of vapourisation increases. Vapourisation occurs at all temperatures.
• Water maintains its level. This is a property of water. Builders fill a tube with water and place it between two points. If the water in the tube is at the same height as the reference point, then the two points are at the same level.

Water Sources

• Earth is a watery planet.
• As the water bodies get heated up, water rises into the atmosphere. Then the water gets cooled and turns into rain clouds.
• Then small particles in the rain clouds combine together.as raindrops and fall to earth as rain.
  Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water, making it unsafe for plants, animals, and people.

Causes of water pollution

• Washing of clothes and vehicles in rivers.
• Dumping domestic waste into the rivers.
• Dumping factory waste into the rivers.
• Giving cattles a bath in the rivers.
• Flow of fertilisers and pesticides from agricultural fields to the rivers.
• Dumping of human excreta into the rivers.

Remedies

• Avoid washing of clothes and vehicles in rivers.
• Avoid giving cattles a bath in the rivers.
• Adopt suitable methods for waste disposal in houses.
• Avoid dumping factory waste into the rivers.
• Use fertilisers and pesticides wisely.
• Use toilets and other sanitation facilities.
• The methods used for water storage include rainwater storage tanks, check dams, stone walls,well recharging,water fences, etc
• Pure water is precious. We should conserve it for our future.

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 11 The Law and The Society Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 11 The Law and The Society Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 11 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
What are the rules of the ‘Kulam Kara’ game?
Answer:

• Usually, this game requires a group of players, ideally 6 or more.
• Imagine the inside of the circle as a pond (Kulam) and the outside of the circle as a land (Kara).
• Children standing around the pool and the shore should take turns to jump as the child who controls the game in the middle of the circle repeatedly says ‘kulam and kara’. In this case, children who jump the wrong way will be eliminated.
• The child who stays until the end of the game is declared the winner.

Question 2.
a) We have to follow certain rules and guidelines for the smooth functioning of the school. What are they?
b) What will happen if these are not followed?
Answer:
a) Follow the time schedule, wear the school uniform, Respect elders and teachers, maintain discipline.
b) If the school’s conditions are not complied with, the punishment will be carried out according to their severity.

Question 3.
You have understood how the laws were formed. List out examples of laws formed in different ways.
Answer:

• Laws based on public opinion – Women’s Protection Laws
• Laws based on suggestions by health experts – the government’s vaccination plans
• Laws for Natural Disasters – Disaster Management Act

Question 4.
Observe and write the indications each of the road safety pictures shows.
Answer:

Question 5.
Prepare placards and slogans and organise a rally on Road Safety Day to create awareness of road safety rules.
Answer:
Placards and Slogans:
Make colourful placards with simple, bold messages like:

• “Follow the Rules, Stay Safe!”
• “Stop, Look, listen – Be Safe!”
• “Wear Helmets, Save Lives!”

(Draw pictures of traffic lights, seat belts, and safe driving.)

Question 6.
Roleplay the instructions for pedestrian safety as different groups.
Answer:
Pedestrian Safety Roleplay
Group 1: Crossing the Road.
Action: Look left, right, then left again.
Say: “Look both ways before crossing!”
Group 2: Walking on the Sidewalk
Action: Walk on the sidewalk, away from the road.
Say: “Stay on the sidewalk to be safe!”
Group 3: Traffic Signals
Action: Show Green = Go, Red = Stop.
Say: “Wait for green to cross!” Group 4: No Distractions
Action: Put away phones.
Say: “Focus on the road, not your phone!”
All Together: “Stay safe! Follow the rules!”

Question 7.
Find the laws you are familiar with and complete the table.
Answer:

Laws	Purpose
Right to Information Act, (2005)	Ensure the right of the public to avail information.
Forest Conservation Act, 1980	If the reserve forest is to be made not so, prior permission from the central government has to be obtained.
The Right to Service Act, 2012	Through this law, service became the right of all citizens. This Act guarantees effective and timely service to the citizens.

Question 8.
Look at the news collage. Which are the laws that are referred to here?

Answer:
Child Labour Prohibition Act, Right to Education Act, Juvenile Justice Act, Prohibition of Child Marriage Act.

Question 9.
Prepare a speech to be delivered in the ‘Balasabha’ regarding the rights of children.
Answer:
(Hints)
Good morning, everyone!
Today, I want to talk about children’s rights. Every child has these rights to help us grow up happy, healthy, and safe.

• Right to Education – Every child should be able to go to school and learn.
• Right to Safety – All children should be protected from harm.
• Right to Health – We deserve clean water, healthy food, and access to doctors.
• Right to Be Heard – Our ideas and opinions matter.
• Right to Play – We need time to play and enjoy life.

Let’s remember these rights and make sure every child gets them.

Question 10.
Prepare posters that spread the message of child rights.
Answer:

Question 11.
Conduct an interview with legal experts, gather information about the laws concerning children and prepare notes.
Answer:
(Hints: Include the questions provided in the interview.)

• What are the important laws that protect children’s rights?
• What is POCSO Act? What are its main limits?
• What are the major challenges faced in implementing these laws?

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Observe Road Safety Week under the auspices of the Social Science Club.
Answer:
(Hints:) Organise public meetings, road safety rallies, flash mobs, etc., in the school.

Question 2.
Organise class-level interviews with childline workers.
Answer:
1. “What does Childline do to help children?”
2. “How can children stay safe and protected?”
3. “What should a child do if they are in trouble?”
4. “How can we spread awareness about child rights?”

Question 3.
Make class-level rules with the help of the teacher.
Answer:

• Respect others and their belongings.
• Raise your hand before talking.
• Keep quiet when the teacher or classmates are talking.
• Always arrive on time.

Question 4.
Visit the nearby police station, observe the activities there and prepare a note.
Answer:
A visit to the police station is a great opportunity to understand the activities there and the duties of the police officers. On arrival at the station, the arrangements of various sections, the counter where complaints are registered, the Circle Inspector (CI) and the Sub-Inspector (SI) are taken care of. One of the main functions of the police station is to register an FIR (First Information Report) and take further action after considering the complaints filed by the citizens. In addition, this includes the investigation of crimes, the safety of the public, patrolling, traffic control, etc. The functions of the police station are crucial in ensuring the safety of the community. Cooperation between locals and police officers is essential for the implementation of social security programs, public meetings, security awareness meetings, etc. All the activities there play a big role not only in enforcing the law but also in cooperating with the people.

Question 5.
Observe the Local Self-Government Vigilant Committees and prepare an observation report on their dispute resolution mechanisms.
Answer:
The vigilance committees primarily carry out collective activities to meet the needs of the locals, resolve disputes and find peaceful ways. The Committee deals with various issues, especially land disputes, family disputes, small and big civil disputes etc. These are issues that can be resolved through mediation, discussion and resolution. Since the members of the committee are in close contact with the locals, they work in such a way that the problems can be solved at the local level without going to legal proceedings. This helps in ensuring a peaceful social life and giving fair treatment to any section of society.

Question 6.
Organise a seminar on the topic, ‘Traps in the Cyberspace’. Make use of the services of experts.
Answer:
(Hints: Organise a seminar on the topic of ‘Traps in the Cyber World’ by combining the given ideas)
Topics to Cover:
Types of Online Traps: Discuss common cyber traps like scams, fake websites, online predators, and social media risks.
Safe Online Behavior: How to protect personal information, create strong passwords, and avoid suspicious links.
Recognising Cyber Threats: Tips for spotting scams, fake profiles, and unsafe content online. Protecting Privacy: Why privacy is important and how to manage privacy settings on apps and websites.

Class 5 Social Science The Law and The Society Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is law?
Answer:
Law is the accepted set of rules and regulations for the existence and smooth functioning of the society.

Question 2.
Why Law is important in a society?
Answer:
Laws are essential to ensure a better life and protection for every individual in the society. Laws are meant for the welfare of everyone in the society.

Question 3.
What are the two main methods for the formulation of laws?
Answer:
Laws are formed mainly in two ways:

• Laws or rules formed through social norms or practices
• Laws formed by systematic mechanisms

Question 4.
What is Social norms?
Answer:
Social norms are the unwritten rules of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours that are considered acceptable in a particular social organisation or culture.

Question 5.
What are the main rules that pedestrians should pay attention to?
Answer:

• In our country, vehicular traffic is on the left side of the road. If you walk on the right side of the road, you can see the oncoming vehicles clearly.
• If we walk on the left side, we can not see the vehicles coming from behind. This increases the risk of accidents.
• If there are sidewalks, use them while walking on the road. Walk only on the right side of the road if there are no sidewalks.
• More than two people together should not walk on the same side of the road.
• Do not walk through areas where pedestrians are prohibited.
• Never walk on the road using mobile phones and headsets.

Question 6.
Match the following.
1. Prohibition of Child Labour Act- 2015
2. Right to Education Act-2012
3. The Juvenile Justice Act- 1986
4. POCSO Act-2009
Answer:
1. Prohibition of Child Labour Act- 1986
2. Right to Education Act- 2009
3. The Juvenile Justice Act-2015
4. POCSO Act-2012

Question 7.
Define Pocso Act.
Answer:
The POCSO Act (Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act, 2012) is a law that has been enacted to protect children from sexual assault regardless of gender. Government of India implemented this act by accepting the recommendations of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children in 1989.

Question 8.
Where are the Supreme Court and the Kerala High Court?
Answer:
The Supreme Court is located in New Delhi and the Kerala High Court is located in Ernakulam.

Question 9.
Draw the hierarchy of courts.
Answer:

Question 10.
Which is the Supreme Court of India?
Answer:
The Supreme Court

The Law and The Society Class 5 Notes Pdf

• Law is the accepted set of rules and regulations for the existence and smooth functioning of the society.
• Laws are essential to ensure a better life and protection for every individual in the society.
• Laws are meant for the welfare of everyone in the society.
• If the rules are not followed, conflicts arise. This endangers the existence of the society. Therefore, violation of rules is punishable.
• A safe and secure childhood is the right of every child. Our constitution guarantees certain rights to children for their safety.
• Our social life proceeds smoothly as we obey these rules. All citizens are equal before the law. The rule of law is a state of living subject to the equality of protection ensured by law.
• The duty of police is to maintain law and order. Courts have the power to resolve disputes and impose penalties/punishments.
• The Supreme Court is the highest court of law in India. It is located in New Delhi.
• The High Court is the highest court of law in the state. The Kerala High Court is located at Ernakulam.
• The chief duty of the courts is to ensure the supreme power of law.
• Laws are formed mainly in two ways: Laws or rules formed through social norms or practices; Laws formed by systematic mechanisms
  Social norms are the unwritten rules of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours that are considered acceptable in a particular social organisation or culture.
• All the laws that existed in the ancient society were formed from norms or practices.
• A state is a politically organise population permanently residing in a territory that is defined within the jurisdiction of a government.
• The elements of a state are population, territory, government, and sovereignty.

 

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 10 Wonders in the Sky and Splendours on the Earth Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 10 Wonders in the Sky and Splendours on the Earth Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 10 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
Draw a picture showing the beauty of nature at the time of sunrise or sunset.
Answer:

Question 2.
Roleplay the solar system with the help of your friends. Don’t forget to introduce each planet with its characteristics.
Answer:
Sun: “Hello, I’m the Sun! I’m the star of this solar system, providing light and warmth to everyone. I’m huge, fiery, and extremely hot. Without me, life wouldn’t exist on Earth!”

Mercury: “I’m Mercury, the smallest planet and closest to the Sun. I’m very hot during the day and freezing at night because I have no atmosphere to trap heat. My days and nights are extreme!”

Earth : “Hello, I’m Earth, the only planet with life. I’m just the right distance from the Sun, so I have water, breathable air, and a variety of climates. I’m home to plants, animals, and people.”

Question 3.
Discuss and make notes on the role of the atmosphere in sustaining life on the Earth.
Answer:
The atmosphere is essential for sustaining life on Earth by providing the air we breathe, regulating temperature, and protecting us from harmful solar radiation. It supplies oxygen for animals and carbon dioxide for plants, enabling vital processes like respiration and photosynthesis. The atmosphere’s greenhouse effect keeps the Earth warm enough for life, while the ozone layer shields us from harmful UV rays. Additionally, it plays a key role in the water cycle and supports ecosystems. Altogether, the atmosphere creates and maintains conditions necessary for diverse forms of life to thrive.

Question 4.
Observe the globe and find the location of Canada and India.
Answer:

Question 5.
Illustrate the revolution of the Earth on a chart and display it in the class.
Answer:

Question 6.

You have read Grandma’s experience. Here, Grandma refers to the changes in nature from her childhood. What changes are they?
Answer:
Rain, Drought, Cold, Heat, Shedding of leaves

Question 7.
Do we get all types of fruits every season? Discuss.
Answer:
No, we don’t get all types of fruits every season because each fruit has its own growing season based on climate and temperature needs. For example, mangoes and watermelons grow in the summer, while apples and oranges are available in winter. Seasonal conditions like sunlight, rainfall, and temperature affect how fruits grow, so some fruits are naturally abundant at certain. times of the year. While modern farming and storage methods make it possible to find some fruits year-round, they are freshest, tastiest, and often more nutritious when eaten in their natural season.

Question 8.
Which seasons do the given pictures refer to?

Answer:
Rainy season, Winter season, Summer season.

Question 9.
What are the sights around you during different seasons? Discuss in class and complete the list given below.
Answer:

Summer season	Rainy season	Winter season
Waterbodies dry up	Rivers overflow	Snowfall in areas with a high altitude
Drought	Frequent rainfall	Trees may shed leaves
Plenty of sunlight	Fresh green vegetation and blooming plants	Dew on grass

Question 10.
Complete the table below based on the two main motions of the Earth- rotation and revolution.
Answer:

Question 11.
How helpful are the accurate and scientific daily weather warnings in daily life? Discuss.
Answer:
Accurate and scientific daily weather warnings are very helpful in daily life as they help people plan their activities and stay safe. For example, knowing about heavy rain or storms can help people carry umbrellas, avoid flooded areas, or delay outdoor plans. Weather warnings also help in preparing for extreme conditions like heatwaves or cold fronts, allowing people to dress appropriately or take precautions for their health. Overall, these warnings make it easier to adapt to changing weather and reduce risks related to severe conditions.

Question 12.
The following is the part that mentions the life of the people in the snowy areas by famous travelogue writer S. K. Pottekkatt in his book ‘Pathirasuryante Nattil.’ What are the special characteristics of this area?

Answer:
Covered with snow most of the year, The ground will be covered with white snow during winter, Night time lasts for six months, and daylight for an hour or two to the maximum.

Question 13.
Locate Norway on the atlas.
Answer:

Question 14.
Prepare, with the help of your teacher, a digital album on the features of snow-covered areas and present it to the class.
Answer:

Question 15.
Complete the chart by writing down the features of desert regions.
Answer:

Question 16.
Prepare a wall magazine, with the help of your teacher, on the species that face the threat of extinction.
Answer:
(Hint) Prepare a wall magazine by using the given pictures and details.

The melting of ice in the Arctic makes hunting and survival more difficult. They are unable to hunt for food.

Under the influence of sea level rise and sea water temperature rise, turtles lose wing space. In addition, temperature changes have a great impact on gender sensitivity.

Bengal tigers are one of the most endangered species, especially in the Sunderbans. Their habitat is threatened by rising sea levels and the depletion of water resources.

Question 17.
Prepare posters to create awareness of climate change among people and display them in the class.
Answer:
(Hints) Prepare posters with the given messages.

• “Our actions today shape tomorrow’s world.
• “Save water to fight climate change
• “Raise Your Voice, Not the Temperature”
• “Be a Climate Hero – Plant a Tree!”

Question 18.
What environmental actions can you take to mitigate climate change? Post your suggestions on the bulletin board in your class.
Answer:

• Reduce air pollution
• Prevent deforestation
• Reduce the use of plastic
• Increase the use of organic fertilisers
• Use Sustainable Transportation
• Support Green Policies
• Choose Eco-Friendly Cleaning Products
• Avoid Single-Use Plastics

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Let’s observe the calendar. Observe the calendar of the current year and find the time of sunrise and sunset on the dates given below and complete the table. Is the time of sunrise and sunset on the table the same? What difference did you find in the length of night and day? Record the information you find in your observation diary.
Answer:

Sunrise and sunset are not the same in June and December. Because June is spring, the day will be longer. Similarly, the month of December is winter, so the length of the night is longer, and the day is shorter.

Question 2.
Collect news and pictures about the Sun, planets and other celestial bodies and prepare an album.
Answer:

Question 3.
Let’s prepare an observation calendar. Observe the seasonal changes in nature in your area and record them regularly in a notebook. Make the observation calendar attractive by including pictures.
Answer:
(Hint)

• The structure of the calendar: designate one page for each month.
• Observe the seasonal changes (spring, summer, rainy season, winter)
• Record the changes in nature every day (rain, sunshine, blooming of flowers, etc.)
• Make the calendar attractive by combining pictures and articles.

Question 4.
Prepare a digital presentation titled ‘Climate and the Life of the People in Desert and Polar Regions’ based on the given points.
Indications

• food
• style of dressing
• occupation
• housing construction
• flora and fauna

Answer:
(Hint)
Slide 1: Title Slide
Title: Climate and the Life of the People in Desert and Polar Regions
Slide 2: Introduction: Overview of the extreme climates of desert and polar regions. Deserts: Hot during the day, cold at night, low rainfall.
Polar Regions: Extremely cold, ice-covered, and short summers.
Slide 3: Food
Desert: Dates, grains, milk, and meat from livestock like camels
Polar: Fish, seal, whale meat
Slide 4: Style of Dressing
Desert: Loose, light robes and head coverings to stay cool and protected from the sun
Polar Regions: Heavy coats and insulated clothing for warmth
Slide 5: Occupation
Desert: Trading and tourism
Polar Regions: Fishing, hunting
Slide 6: Housing Construction
Desert: Mud or clay houses with thick walls, tents for nomads
Polar Regions: Igloos for temporary shelter, insulated houses
Slide 7: Flora and Fauna
Desert: Cacti, shrubs, camels, and lizards
Polar Regions: Moss, ferns, polar bears, and seals
Slide 8: Conclusion
Both desert and polar people have adapted in unique ways to live in extreme climates.

Question 5.
Prepare a magazine by collecting more information and including pictures about the solar system. Provide a suitable title to the magazine.
Answer:
(Hint)Prepare a magazine by including the given information.
Title: “Solar system: a celestial wonder”
Solar system: Shape and structure of the solar system.
Sun: It is the centre of the universe. Information about the structure of the Sun and its radiation process, as well as various layers.
The planets: The characteristics of the eight planets.
Satellites: Information about the major planets. For example, Earth’s moon, Jupiter’s Ganymede, and Saturn’s Titan.
Asteroids: Asteroids between Jupiter and Mars, the main asteroid belt.
Comets: Features of famous comets such as Halley and Hale Bopp and their composition.
Meteors: Explain how they come down to earth.
Images: Include a picture showing the entire structure of the solar system, as well as images of different parts of each planet, moons, comets, and meteors.

Class 5 Social Science Wonders in the Sky and Splendours on the Earth Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are planets, and how do they get their heat and light?
Answer:
Planets are celestial bodies that rotate and revolve around the Sun. They do not emit their own heat or light but get them from the Sun.

Question 2.
What is the solar system made up of?
Answer:
The Solar System consists of the Sun, the eight planets orbiting the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets, asteroids, meteors, and comets.

Question 3.
Complete the missed parts.
Satellite of the Earth – …………a…………..
Galaxy that includes the solar system – …………b………………
Centre of the solar system – ………………..C……..
Answer:
a) Moon
b) Milky Way
c) Sun

Question 4.
Define the given terms.
a) Galaxy
b) Planets
c) Universe
d) Orbit
Answer:
a) Galaxies are clusters of billions of stars.
b) Planets are celestial bodies that rotate themselves and revolve around the Sun.
c) The universe consists of billions of galaxies.
d) The orbit is the path of celestial bodies around the Sun.

Question 5.
Explain the Asteroid and Dwarf Planets.
Answer:
Asteroids are small planet-like chunks of rock found between Mars and Jupiter. Dwarf planets are smaller and spherical objects in the solar system that orbit around the Sun.

Question 6.
Match the planets to their characteristics.

Planets	Features
Earth	Closest to the sun
Mercury	The only planet in which life exists
Neptune	The coldest planet
Uranus	The planet that is farther from the sun

Answer:

Planets	Features
Earth	The only planet in which life exists
Mercury	Closest to the sun
Neptune	The planet that is farther from the sun
Uranus	The coldest planet

Question 7.
What is the difference between the weather and Climate?
Answer:
Weather is the atmospheric condition experienced at a certain time in an area. Climate is the average daily weather conditions experienced in an area over a long period.

Question 8.
Distinguish between Rotation and Revolution.
Answer:
Rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its imaginary axis. As it rotates, the Earth moves around the Sun on a fixed orbit. This is revolution.

Question 9.
How much time does it take for the Earth to complete a rotation?
Answer:
The Earth takes 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds to complete one rotation. This is calculated as a day.

Question 10.
What role does the atmosphere play in sustaining life on Earth?
Answer:
The atmosphere is the blanket of air covering the Earth. It contains gases, dust particles and water. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in sustaining life on the earth by regulating heat and cold.

Question 11.
Explain the life of the people in the polar regions.
Answer:
The people here wear air-tight footwear made of leather and clothes made of fur. It is a common sight to watch the local people called ‘Inuit,’ travelling on flat sledges pulled by domesticated dogs. During the winter season, which lasts for six months, they do not leave their dwellings, which is called an ‘Igloo.’ The chief plant species here are ferns and moss, which survive extreme winter. The chief species of animals are whales, fish, snow owls, seals and polar bears. Hunting and fishing are the means of livelihood of the people.

Question 12.
What are some of the challenges faced by desert regions?
Answer:
Desert regions face challenges like water scarcity, continuous drought, dry winds, and sandstorms.

Question 13.
What atmospheric factor primarily influences the climate of a region?
Answer:
The atmospheric conditions, especially temperature fluctuations, primarily influence the climate of a region.

Question 14.
What human activities are causing climate change?
Answer:
Human activities causing climate change include the emission of toxic gases from vehicles, deforestation, excessive use of plastics, and the application of chemical fertilisers in farms.

Question 15.
List some of the side effects of climate change.
Answer:
rising global temperatures, drought, melting of polar ice.

Question 16.
Why is Norway called the “Land of the Midnight Sun”?
Answer:
Norway is called the “Land of the Midnight Sun” because the northernmost regions of Norway, which are covered with snow for most of the year, experience six months of continuous day and six months of continuous night.

Question 17.
What are the main focus areas of the Haritha Keralam Mission?
Answer:
The Haritha Keralam Mission focuses on soil and water conservation, sanitation, waste management, and organic agriculture.

Question 18.
What kind of clothing is commonly worn by people in the desert, and why?
Answer:
People in the desert wear loose clothing and a headress that covers the face to protect against heat, sun, and sand.

Wonders in the Sky and Splendours on the Earth Class 5 Notes Pdf

• The Solar System consists of the Sun, the eight planets orbiting the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets, asteroids, meteors, and comets.
• Planets are celestial bodies that rotate themselves and revolve around the Sun.
• The Sun is the centre of the solar system.
• Galaxies are clusters of billions of stars.
• The Milky Way is a galaxy that includes the solar system.
• The universe consists of billions of galaxies.
• Rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its imaginary axis.
• The Earth takes 23 hours, 56 minutes 4 seconds to complete one rotation. This is calculated as a day.
• The Earth moves around the Sun on a fixed orbit this is called revolution.
• It takes 365 days for the Earth to go around the Sun once. It is considered as ‘one year. Seasons are experienced as a result of the revolution of the Earth.
• Weather is the atmospheric condition experienced at a certain time in an area.
• Climate is the average daily weather conditions experienced in an area over a long period.
• It is a common sight to watch the local people called ‘Inuit,’ travelling on flat sledges pulled by domesticated dogs.
• During the winter season, which lasts for six months, they do not leave their dwellings, which is called an ‘Igloo.’
• Tropical deserts are large areas of sand, and sand dunes.
• The desert areas are less populated.
• The regions with different characteristics have a different way of life adapted to the climate. Agriculture, occupation, food, clothing, house construction, celebrations, etc., of a region are all shaped according to the climate of that place.
• Natural calamities like snowmelt, droughts, cyclones, floods, etc., occur on the Earth due to climate change.
• Unscientific human activities like toxic gases emitted from vehicles, deforestation, excessive use of plastics, application of chemical fertilisers in farms, etc, cause climate change. Haritha Keralam Mission is a scheme implemented by the Government of Kerala to control the human activities that cause climate change and also to protect the environment.

Reviewing SCERT Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Basic Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Basic Science Chapter 2 Away from Diseases Question Answer Notes SCERT Solutions Pdf can uncover gaps in understanding.

Away from Diseases Class 5 Questions and Answers Notes

Class 5 Basic Science Chapter 2 Question Answer Notes Pdf Away from Diseases

Basic Science Class 5 Chapter 2 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Write down five decisions you have taken to maintain personal hygiene.
Answer:

• I make sure to wash my hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially before eating, after using the restroom, and after being in public places.
• I take a bath or shower daily to cleanse my body, remove dirt, and reduce the risk of skin infections.
• I brush my teeth at least twice a day and floss daily to maintain oral health and prevent dental problems like cavities and gum disease.
• I choose clean, comfortable clothing and change them regularly to avoid skin irritation and infections.
• I maintain a balanced diet and stay hydrated, which supports overall health and helps keep my skin and body in good condition.

Question 2.
Personal and social hygiene are important in preventing communicable diseases. Do you agree with this statement? Please elaborate.
Answer:
Yes, I agree that personal and social hygiene are important for preventing communicable diseases. When we wash our hands, bathe regularly, and brush our teeth, we help keep germs away from our bodies. Covering our mouths when we cough or sneeze and not sharing personal items also helps prevent germs from spreading to others. These practices protect us and those around us, especially those who are more vulnerable, like older people and those who are sick. By keeping ourselves clean and careful about how we interact with others, we can all help keep our community healthy.

Question 3.
Do you agree with the following precautions that we should take to control vector-borne diseases?

• Eliminate conditions that cause sewage accumulation.
• Disposal of garbage in public places.
• If water retention is unavoidable, breed fish such as Guppy and Gambusia in it.
• Food items need not be kept covered.
• Use food items only after rashing.
• Drink boiled water.
• Keep the house and surroundings clean.
• Practice proper waste disposal at the source.

Answer:

• I agree with the following precautions
• Eliminate conditions that cause sewage accumulation.
• If water retention is unavoidable, breed fish such as Guppy and Gambusia in it.
• Use food items only after washing.
• Drink boiled water.
• Keep the house and surroundings clean.
• Practice proper waste disposal at the source.

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare and present a play to educate the public about the circumstances in which communicable diseases spread and the precautions we need to take against them.
Answer:
Title: Germ Busters
Setting : A community park where people of all ages gather.
Characters:
Dr. Clean : The knowledgeable doctor who educates about health.
Deva : A curious young boy who loves playing outdoors.
Ms. Neat : A role model for cleanliness and good hygiene.
Mr. Messy: A character who often ignores hygiene rules.

Act 1 : Meet the Germs
Scene 1 : In the Park
Dr. Clean: (Enter, greeting the audience) “Hello, everyone! Today, we’re going on an adventure to learn about germs and how we can keep them away!”
Deva : “What are germs, Dr. Clean?”
Dr. Clean: “Germs are tiny creatures that can make us sick. They can spread in many ways, so
we need to be careful.”
Scene 2 : How Germs Spread
Dr. Clean: “Germs can spread through the air by touching things or by not washing our hands.”
Mr. Messy : (Ignoring the advice, touches his thee without washing his hands)
Ms. Neat : (Shows proper handwashing) “Always wash your hands with soap and water before eating and after playing.”

Act 2: Staying Safe
Scene 1 : In the Community
Deva : “What can we do to stop germs, Dr. Clean?”
Dr. Clean: “We can follow some simple rules to stay healthy.”
Ms Neat : “Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze, and use a tissue or your elbow.”
Dr. Clean: “Keep our surroundings clean. Dispose of trash properly, and don’t leave water
standing where mosquitoes can breed.”
Scene 2 : At Home
Dr. Clean: “At home, eat clean food, drink boiled water, and keep your living areas tidy.”
Ms Neat : “And remember, if you feel sick, tell an adult and get rest.”

Act 3 : Germ Busters in Action
Scene 1 : Everyone Joins In
Deva : (Excitedly) “Let’s all begerm busters and keep our community safe!”
Dr. Clean: “Great idea. By practising good hygiene, we can all help keep each other healthy.”
Ms Neat : “Let’s all work together and be responsible germ-busters!”
Finale:
Dr. Clean: “Thank you for learning about germs with us today! Remember, good hygiene is our best defence. Stay healthy, everyone!”

Question 2.
Prepare a ‘Waste Map’ of the school premises. Prepare guidelines for making the school environment litter-free on the basis of the information on the map.
Answer:
Creating a ‘Waste Map’ for the school and following guidelines to keep the school clean can be straightforward and effective.

Step 1: Prepare the Waste Map

• Identify Areas: Walk around the school and mark areas where waste is commonly found, like classrooms, hallways, and the cafeteria.
• Mark Bins: Place symbols on the map where different types of waste bins (for recyclables, compost, and trash) are located.

Step 2: Guidelines for a Litter-Free School

• Sort Waste: Teach students to separate their waste into recyclables. compost, and trash bins.
• Keep Bins Accessible: Make sure there are plenty of bins in convenient locations so everyone can use them easily.
• Educate Everyone: Hold talks or distribute information about why it’s important to dispose of waste properly.
• Encourage Reusable Items: Suggest using reusable water bottles, lunch boxes, and bags to reduce waste.
• Clean Regularly: Set up a schedule for cleaning different parts of the school to keep them tidy.
• Community Involvement: Organize events where students and staff can come together to clean up the school grounds.
• Monitor and Adapt: Keep an eye on how the waste management system is working and make changes if needed.
• Celebrate Cleanliness: Acknowledge the efforts of students and classes that do a good job at keeping their areas clean.
  By following these steps, your school can stay clean and make it a better place for everyone.

Away from Diseases Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What could be the reason for the fever?
Answer:
It might be spread from others having fever.

Question 2.
What should be done to prevent the spreading of the disease to others?
Answer:
Avoid contact with the infected people.
Avoid using things like towels used by infected people.
A disease is when your body isn’t working properly because of germs or problems inside it, making you feel sick.

Question 3.
Write the names of diseases you know.
Answer:
Fever, common cold, cough, chicken pox, cholera, asthma. dengue. cancer, diabetes, malaria, heart diseases etc.

Question 4.
Complete the table

Communicable diseases	Non-communicable diseases
Dengue fever	Cancer
Jaundice	Diabetes
—	—
—	—

Answer:

Communicable diseases	Non-communicable diseases
Dengue fever	Cancer
Jaundice	Diabetes
Common cold	Asthma
Malaria	Hypertension
Cholera	Blood pressure
Covid	Alzheimer’s disease

Question 5.
Why do we cover our nose and mouth with a handkerchief when we cough or sneeze?
Answer:
Little drops can fly into the air when we cough or sneeze. There are germs in these drops that could make other people sick. When we put a cloth over our mouth and nose, those droplets get caught and go nowhere. This stops the spread of diseases and helps keep everyone around us healthy.

Question 6.
Why do we keep food items covered?
Answer:
We keep food items covered to protect them from dirt. germs. and insects. When food is left uncovered, dust and tiny germs from the air can land on it, which might make us sick if we eat it.

Question 7.
In what ways do disease-causing microorganisms enter the human body? Discuss and complete the idea chart.

Answer:

Question 8.
Write down the conditions in which vectors multiply.

Vectors	Conditions in which they multiply
Housefly
Mosquito	Mosquitoes breed in discarded plastic bags, bottles, coconut shells and stagnant water.
Rat

Answer:

Vectors	Conditions in which they multiply
Housefly	Houseflies multiply quickly in warm, moist environments with a lot of decaying matter.
Mosquito	Mosquitoes breed in discarded plastic bags, bottles, coconut shells and stagnant water.
Rat	Rats multiply quickly in environments with plenty of food, water, shelter, and warmth.

Question 9.
What can we do to control vectors? Discuss ¡n the class and write down in the science diary
Answer:
To control vectors like mosquitoes and rats, you can:

• Keep living areas clean to reduce food and water sources.
• Eliminate stagnant water where mosquitoes breed.
• Install window screens and use bed nets to keep vectors out.
• Close gaps and cracks in buildings to prevent rats and insects from entering.
• Apply insect repellents on skin and clothing.
• Dispose of garbage properly to reduce breeding sites.
• Regularly clean and disinfect areas where food is prepared and stored.

Question 10.
What are the precautions to avoid mosquito bites?
Answer:

• Keep doors and windows closed in the evening.
• Apply mosquito repellants to your skin and clothes.
• Wear long sleeves and pants to cover your skin.
• Use mosquito nets, over your bed while sleeping.
• Mosquitoes arc weak fliers, so using fans can help to keep them away.

Some more methods to prevent diseases that spread through air, water, food, soil,etc. are

Diseases	Things to keep in mind to prevent diseases
Diseases that spread through food and water	Use fruits and vegetables after washing. Keep food items covered. Drink boiled water.
Diseases that spread through air and contact	Avoid contact with the sick person. Don’t use the sick person’s handkerchief, clothes, etc. Use mask. Maintain personal hygiene.
Diseases that spread through soil and sewage	Use footwear. Prevent wounds in the body from getting into contact with sewage. Wash hands and legs with soap if they get dirty.

Question 11.
What can you do to’ ensure that your home, school, and washrooms are clean to prevent disease?
Answer:

• Sweep, mop, and dust all areas regularly to remove dirt and germs.
• Dispose of garbage in closed bins and take out the trash frequently.
• Clean and disinfect toilets, sinks, and faucets regularly to kill germs.
• Repair any leaks in pipes and faucets to prevent mould and stagnant water where pests can breed.

Question 12.
Enquire about other diseases that affect plants and organisms. Write them in the science diary.
Answer:
Other diseases in plants

• Tobacco Mosaic Virus
• Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus
• Rusts that affect cereals and other crops
• Late Blight that affects potatoes and tomatoes
• Bacterial Wilt
• Banana Bunchy Top Virus

Other diseases in animals

• Avian Influenza
• White…Nose Syndrome
• Rabies
• Canine Parvovirus
• Anthrax
• Brucellosis

Question 13.
Prepare and display posters related to personal hygiene and environmental hygiene.
Answer:
Immunie
Our bodies naturally have the ability to control and fight pathogens once they enter the body. This is called natural immunity. This ability varies from person to person. The body is unable to develop natural immunity against some communicable diseases such as polio and hepatitis-B. We need to take vaccinations to avoid such diseases. This is called acquired immunity.

Question 14.
Which of these are good health habits? Tick them.

• Wash hands only after meals.
• Brush teeth every night after meals.
• Do not trim the nails of the feet and hands.
• Use footwear when walking outside.
• Eat fruits that birds gnaw.
• Do not consume snacks and drinks; keep them open.
• Spit in public places.
• Bathe daily.

Answer:

• Brush teeth every night after meals.
• Use footwear when walking outside.
• Bathe daily.

Question 15.
Which diseases should be vaccinated against?
Answer:
Tetanus, polio, Covid- 19, hepatitis A and B, and measles are some of the diseases that people should be vaccinated against.

Question 16.
Which are the mandatory vaccines to be taken by the age of 16? Discuss in class.
Answer:
The mandatory vaccines to be taken by the age of 16

• DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis)
• IPv (Inactivated Poliovirus)
• MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)
• Varicella (Chickenpox)
• Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)
• Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis)
• HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

Question 17.
Collect more information from interviews with health workers. Do you need to prepare a questionnaire to interview the healthcare professionals? Which questions can be included?
Answer:
Here are some questions that you can include in the interview.

• What are the mandatory vaccines that should be administered by the age of 16?
• Why are these vaccines important?
• At what ages should these vaccines be given?
• Are there any boosters required for these vaccines during childhood and adolescence?
• What are the common side effects of these vaccines?
• How do healthcare providers manage these side effects?
• Are these vaccines readily available in most healthcare facilities?
• How can families ensure they are keeping up with the vaccination schedule?

Question 18.
Complete the chart.

Preventive vaccines
Name of the vaccine	Age	Disease
Polio vaccine		Polio
Tetanus-Diphtheria	10 years
vaccine	16 years

Answer:

Question 19.
Proper awareness Is to be given to the people regarding the mode of transmission of diseases and the methods of prevention. What can we do about this?
Answer:

• Drama
• Puppetry
• Cartoon
• Poster
• Workshops and seminars
• Health fairs

Basic Science Class 5 Chapter 2 Away from Diseases Question Answer Notes

Question 1.
What could be the reason for the increase in communicable diseases during the rainy season?
Answer:
Due to sewage buildup

Question 2.
Enlist the names of some diseases that you are aware of.
Answer:

• Stomach pain
• Dengue
• Bird fever
• Rat fever
• Common cold
• Pig fever
• Chikungunya
• Headache
• Covid.

Question 3.
“All diseases are communicable”. Is this true or false?
Answer:
False

Question 4.
List the diseases ¡n the box as non-communicable diseases and communicable diseases.
Anaemia, Common cold, Chicken pox, Measles, Tuberculosis, Leptospirosis, Typhoid,Kwashiorkor, Diabetes, Hypertension, Headache, Stomachache, Acidity, Epilepsy,Asthma, Cholera, Jaundice, Diarrhoea, Elephantiasis, Malarial fever, Dengue fever,Chikungunya, Haemophilia, Heart diseases, kidney stone, Cancer, Mental diseases,Corona, Plague, Leprosy, Diphtheria, Asthma, Heart diseases, Kidney stone, Cancer,Mental diseases.
Answer:

Contagious/Communicable	Non-contagious/Non-communicable
Common cold	Anaemia
Chickenpox	Kwashiorkor
Measles	Diabetes
Tuberculosis	Hypertension
Leptospirosis	Headache
Typhoid	Stomachache
Cholera	Acidity
Jaundice	Epilepsy
Diarrhoea	Asthma
Elephantiasis	Heart diseases
Malarial fever	Kidney stone
Dengue fever	Cancer
Chikungunya	Mental diseases
Corona
Plague
Leprosy
Diphtheria

Question 5.
What are microorganisms?
Answer:
Diseases are caused by the action of microorganisms like viruses, fungi and bacteria. Diseases spread when these microorganisms get transmitted from one infected person to another.

Question 6.
What are the ways by which the disease-causing microorganisms get transmifted from one  person to another?
Answer:

• Through Water
• Through Food
• Through Air
• Through Creatures
• Through Waste Materials

Question 7.
How does the housefly transmit disease?
Answer:
House flies are carriers of microorganisms. Houseflies from dirty places sit on uncovered foods. When we eat this contaminated food, the microorganisms will reach our bodies and transmit diseases.

Question 8.
Fill up suitably.
Common cold : Air
Jaundice : ____?
Answer:
Contaminated food and water.

Question 9.
Are different diseases like Chikungunya, dengue fever, filariasis and diarrhoea spread by the same creature?
Answer:
No. Chikungunya, dengue fever and filariasis are spread by mosquitoes. However, diarrhoea is snread throwh contaminated water

Question 10.
Why do we take vaccines? How does it protect us from diseases?
Answer:
We take vaccines to protect us from diseases. Vaccinations provide artificial immunity to the body against diseases.

Question 11.
What arc the hygiene habits?
Answer:

• Wash the hands and mouth well before and after food.
• Cut nails once a week.
• Wear clean clothes.
• Wash hands with Soap after going to the toilet.
• Never eat uncovered food sold in the street.
• Never eat fruits without washing them properly.
• Keep the premiscs clean.
• Got to bed at night only after brushing teeth.
• Avoid very hot and very cold food.
• Use a handkerchief while coughing and sneezing.

Question 12.
What causes diseases?
Answer:
Microorganisms.

Question 13.
Activity
Listen to Appu’s opinion

a. What is your response to Appu’s opinion?
b. Complete the circles given below including the benefits of microorganisms.

Answer:
a. No. I do not support Appu’s opinion. Microorganisms are causing diseases, but they are also useful in many ways, like turning milk into curd, etc.
b.
a) Fermentation of rice batter.
b) Converting atmospheric nitrogen into salts in the soil, which plants easily absorb.
d) Decomposing faecal matter into the soil.

Question 14.
Find the odd one.
a. Common cold, chicken pox, measles, rat fever
b. Typhoid, cholera, conjunctivitis
c. Filariasis, Malaria, dengue fever, Cholera
Answer:
a. Rat fever [mode of transmission is through food & water]
b. Conjunctivitis [through contact]
c. Cholera [through housefly]

Question 15.
a. Are different diseases like Chikungunya. dengue fever, filariasis and diarrhoea spread by the same creature?
b. What are the ways by which the disease-causing microorganisms get transmitted from one person to another?
Answer:
a. No, mosquitos spread chikungunya, dengue fever and Filariasis. However, diarrhoea is spread through contaminated water.
b.

• through rater
• through food
• through air
• through vectors
• through waste materials
• through the use of an unsterilised needle

Question 16.
What are the diseases that can be prevented by destroying mosquitoes?
Answer:
Chikungunya, dengue fever, malaria and filanasis.

Question 17.
Microorganisms are very helpful too. Write some examples.
Answer:

• lurning milk into curd
• Fermentation of rice batter
• Converting atmospheric nitrogen into salts in the soil, which plants easily absorb.
• Decomposing faecal matter into the soil.
• Used in the industries of milk products, vinegar, jute. tobacco, leather, etc.
• Utilised in the field of medicine.

Question 18.
Activity
Read the news headlines

a. Prepare a poster to create awareness among the society against such pandemic diseases.
b. Name any two diseases that spread through contact.
Answer:
a. Avoid Artificial Food And Drinks.
Cover Your Mouth And Nose While Coughing Or Sneezing
Don’t Take Food Kept Open In The Air.
b.

• Common cold
• Chickenpox

Question 19.
Han fell sick because of mosquito bites.
a. What are the techniques we use in our house to escape from mosquito bites?
b. Write down three situations favourable for the multiplication of mosquitoes.
Answer:
a.

• Mosquito net
• Fogging
• Mosquito bat
• Mosquito coil
• Kundhirikkam
• Properly dispose of kitchen waste

b.

• Surroundings are let unhygienic and uncleared.
• Undestroyed waterfihled pots make the conditions they multiply.
• Coconut shells, plastic tins and cans, eg shells and useless Lyres are found scattered around that collect water.

Question 20.
a. Jaundice spreads through ———–.
b. Dengue fever is spread by ———–.
c. A disease spread through food and water
d. The disease spread through food.
e. Which disease is spread through animals.
Answer:
a. Water
b. Mosquito
e. Cholera
d. Polio
e. Rabies

Question 21.
Write some mosquito eradication activities that you can carry out in the surroundings of your school with the help of the Science club.
Answer:

• Keep the premises clean.
• Don’t allow wastewater to accumulate in the compound.
• Destroy the water-filled pots, coconut shells and fins found in the compound.
• Properly dispose of the waste materials.
• Don’t allow waste matter and water to accumulate in drains.
• Check whether the drainage system is effective.
• Use preventive medicines.

Question 22.
a. Do you think that medicines alone can prevent diseases? Substantiate your opinion.
b. We have understood why there is an Increase in diseases during the rainy season. What are the precautions to be taken before the rainy season to avoid this? Write any three precautions.
Answer:
a. No Medicines alone can’t prevent diseases. To prevent diseases, we should keep environment and food hygiene, eat nutritious food, drink pure water, breathe fresh air and do proper exercise.
b.

• To burn the dry leaves and other wastes.
• Destroy the water-filled pots, coconut shells and tins found in the compound.
• Proper disposal of kitchen waste.

Question 23.
Which of the following statements do you agree to?
a. All microorganisms do not cause disease.
b. All diseases can be kept at bay by keeping personal hygiene
c. By observing dry days once a week, we can prevent, to a certain extent, diseases caused by mosquitoes.
d. All vaccines are injected.
Answer:
I agree with the statements a, b and c.

Question 24.
Communicable diseases are illnesses that spread from one person to another.
a. What causes communicable diseases?
b. How can communicable diseases spread?
c. What should we do to prevent getting sick?
Answer:
a. Germs like bacteria and viruses cause communicable diseases.
b. Communicable diseases can spread through coughing (air), contaminated food and water,
touching contaminated surfaces, vectors, or close contact with someone who is sick.
c. To prevent getting sick, we should wash our hands, cover our mouths when we cough or sneeze, destroy the breeding sites of vectors, and stay home if we feel unwell.

Question 25.
Are the following statements true or false? Correct the incorrect ones.
a. All microorganisms are pathogens.
b. Dengue is an airborne disease.
c. Communicable diseases do not affect plants and animals.
d. Vaccines destroy immunity
Answer:
a. False All microorganisms are not pathogens.
b. False. Dengue is a vector-borne disease.
c. False. Communicable diseases too affect plants and animals.
d. False. Vaccines boost immunity.

Question 26.
Name two diseases affecting plants and animals each.
Answer:
Animals — lumpy skin disease, bird flu, etc.
Plants — Mosaic disease, brown leaf spot disease, etc.

Question 27.
Activity
Staying healthy is important for everyone. To avoid diseases, we should eat hea1th food, wash our hands regularly, and get enough sleep. Vaccinations also help protect us from many serious illnesses. By following these simple steps, we can keep our bodies strong and healthy.
a. Why is ¡t important to wash our hands regularly?
b. How do vaccinations help us stay healthy? .
c. Name two things we should do to avoid diseases.
Answer:
a. Washing our hands regularly is important because it helps remove germs that can cause diseases.
b. Vaccinations help us stay healthy by protecting us from many serious illnesses.
c. Two things we should do to avoid diseases are eating healthy food and getting enough sleep

Question 28.
a. What are the good food habits?
b.What are the diseases that may spread by consuming polluted food?
Answer:
a. Chew the food well before swallowing.
Keep punctuality ¡n taking food.
Wash your hands and mouth well before and after food.
Avoid stale food that is kept open in the air.
Avoid very hot and very cold food.
Drink atleast 10 to 12 glasses of water daily.

b. Cholera, typhoid, dysentery and polio are spread through polluted food.

Question 29.
Activity
By getting vaccinated, we can help eliminate diseases and keep everyone safe from this disease.
a. What disease does the polio vaccine protect against?
b. How does the polio vaccine help our bodies?
c. What are the two types of polio vaccines?
Answer:
a. The polio vaccine protects against polio, a serious disease caused by the poliovirus.
b. The polio vaccine helps our bodies by building immunity against the virus.
c. The two types of polio vaccines are the oral polio vaccine (OPV) and the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV).

Question 30.
At what age do children typically start receiving their first vaccinations?
Answer:
Children typically start receiving their first vaccinations shortly after birth, often around 2 months of age.

Question 31.
What diseases can vaccines protect us from?
Answer:
Vaccines can protect us from diseases like measles, polio, rhooping cough, and the flu, among others.

Question 32.
News Headline:
‘Global Efforts Intensify to Promote Hand washing to Prevent Disease Spread’
a. Why is hand washing important in preventing the spread of diseases?
b. What are some key times when people should wash their hands?
c. How can communities promote better hand hygiene practices?
Answer:
a. Hand washing removes germs from our hands, which can be transferred to others or to surfaces we touch.
b. People should wash their hands before eating, after using the bathroom, and after touching animals or coming home from public places.
c. Communities can promote better hand hygiene practices by educating people about the importance of hand washing, providing access to soap and clean water, and encouraging regular hand washing routines.

Question 33.
a. What does the measles and rubella vaccine protect against?
b. Why is it important to get the measles and rubella vaccine?
c. What disease does the tetanus vaccine protect against?
d. Why should we get the tetanus vaccine, especiaIl after an injury?
Answer:
a. It protects against measles and rubella, both of which are communicable diseases.
b. It’s important because the vaccine helps to prevent these diseases.
c. The tetanus vaccine protects against tetanus, a disease that can cause severe muscle stiffness and spasms.
d. We should get the tetanus vaccine, especially after an injury, because it helps to prevent tetanus, which can be caused by bacteria entering the body through wounds.

Question 34.
a. Find the relation
Treatment – Medicines
Immunity – _______
b. Name the vaccinations given at birth.
Answer:
a. Vaccines
b. OPV, BCG and Hepatitis-B vaccine.

Away from Diseases Class 6 Notes

Health is the state without disease. In this chapter, we are going to learn how to keep ourselves, out homes, and our surroundings healthy and free from diseases. We will discover simple and important ways to stay clean and prevent germs from spreading. Understanding how diseases spread and how we can stop them will help us to stay healthy and happy.

Diseases

• The action of microorganisms like viruses, fungi and bacteria causes diseases.
• These disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens.
• Diseases spread when these pathogens get transmitted from one infected person to another.

Communicable diseases

• Diseases transmitted from one person to another are called communicable diseases.
• Common cold, conjunctivitis, cholera, typhoid. chikungunya. dengue fever, filariasis, jaundice and rat fever are some common communicable diseases.

Non-communicable diseases

• The diseases that cannot be spread from person to person are called non-communicable diseases.
• Cancer, headache, kidney stones, heart attack, and hypertension are some examples.

Spreading of diseases is through

• Direct contact
• Contaminated food and water
• Air
• Vectors
• Soil

Vectors

• Organisms that bring disease-carrying microorganisms into our bodies are called vectors.
• Mosquitoes, cockroaches, houseflies, rats, etc. are examples.

Measures to prevent diseases b vectors

• Eliminate stagnant water where mosquitoes breed.
• Install window screens and use bed nets to keep vectors out.
• Regularly clean and disinfect areas where food is prepared and stored.
• Apply insect repellents on skin and clothing.
• Dispose of garbage properly to reduce breeding sites.

Hygiene habits

• Always wash your hands with soap and rater, especially before eating, after using the bathroom, and after being outside.
• Use a tissue or your elbow to cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze to prevent the spread of germs.
• Keep your home, school, and surroundings clean. Dispose of trash properly and clean up spills and food waste promptly to avoid attracting pests and breeding germs.
• Dispose of waste in designated bins and avoid littering to keep the environment clean and reduce the spread of disease.
• Ensure that water used for drinking, cooking, and cleaning is and clean water storage containers. clean and safe. Regularly check and clean water storage containers.

Immunity

• The ability of our body to control and fight pathogens once they enter the body is called natural immunity.
• Immunity acquired through vaccinations is called acquired immunity.
• Disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens.
• All microorganisms are not harmful. Some microorganisms help in milk curdling, fermentation, decaying dead matter, nitrogen fixation, etc.
• Diseases that spread from person to person are called communicable diseases. Common cold, chickenpox, malaria, tuberculosis, etc. are some examples.
• These communicable diseases spread through direct contact, contaminated food and water, air, vectors, and soil.
• Organisms that bring disease-carrying microorganisms into our bodies are called vectors.
  Mosquitoes, cockroaches, houseflies, rats, etc. are examples.
• African swine fever, lumpy skin disease, mosaic disease, bud rot of coconut, etc., are some diseases that affect plants and animals.
  The ability of our body to control and fight pathogens once they enter the body is called natural immunity.
• Immunity acquired through vaccinations is called acquired immunity.

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 9 Towards Equality Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 9 Towards Equality Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 9 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
What could be the reasons for the difference in income between families?
Answer:

• People who work in different jobs earn different amounts of money.
• Families with higher education and special skills can often get better-paying jobs.
• People in big cities often earn more because jobs in those areas pay more compared to small towns.

Question 2.
By reading the thoughts of Neenu and Vickey after returning from Peeli’s Village, list out the source of income of both the families.
Answer:

Source of family income of Neenu	Source of family income of Vickey
Lease	Business
Government job	Pension from government

Question 3.
The table shown below gives an approximate estimate of the monthly income of both families.

Family	Monthly Income (approx.)
Vicky	3,00,000 – 5,00,000 (between three lakh and five lakh)
Neenu	1,00,000 – 3,00,000 (between one lakh and three lakh)

Is the income of the two families the same?
Answer:
No

Question 4.
The table shown below gives the approximate monthly income of various families in a panchayath. Observe the table and identify the family with the highest income and the one with the lowest income.

Family	Monthly Income (approx.)
A	4,00,000 – 5,00,000 (between four lakh and five lakh)
B	3,00,000-4,00,000 (between three lakh and four lakh)
C	2,00,000-3,00,000 (between two lakh and three lakh)
D	1,00,000-2,00,000 (between one lakh and two lakh)
E	50,000-1,00,000 (between fifty thousand and one lakh)
F	25,000-50,000 (between twenty-five thousand and fifty thousand)
G	10,000-25,000 (between ten thousand and twenty five thousand)

Answer:

• Family with the highest income – A
• Family with the lowest income – G

Question 5.
Discuss the extent of influence of family income in meeting the needs of your family.
Answer:
Family income has a big influence on meeting a family’s needs. A higher income helps cover basics like food, shelter, clothing, and healthcare more easily. It also allows families to afford better education, entertainment, and savings for the future. With less income, families may need to prioritise essentials and make careful choices about spending. So, the more income a family has, the easier it is to meet both basic needs and extra wants.

Question 6.
What kind of inequalities are mentioned in inter dining, Upper cloth protest, Ayyankali- Panchamim Memorial school?
Answer:

• Lack of opportunity to dine together
• Inequality in dress
• Denial of Education

Question 7.
Why did people from certain social groups have to face discrimination? Do similar situations exist in society? Discuss.
Answer:
People from certain social groups have faced discrimination because of unfair beliefs and stereotypes about them. This means that people judge them based on things like their skin colour, religion, language, gender, or social background instead of who they truly are. Such discrimination led to fewer opportunities for jobs, education, and fair treatment. Even today, similar situations can exist. Some people still face unfair treatment because of who they are or where they come from. However, many people and organisations are working hard to reduce discrimination and create a fairer society for everyone.

Question 8.
Discuss the causes leading to social inequality and the factors influencing them in your class and make notes.
Answer:
Social inequality happens when people don’t have the same opportunities or resources. This can be caused by differences in education, as not everyone has access to good schools. Jobs and income also play a role, as some jobs pay more than others, and people with less income may struggle to get what they need. Discrimination is another cause where some people are treated unfairly because of things like their skin colour, religion, or background. Health issues can also make it harder for people to have the same chances as others. Additionally, where people live can affect their access to services, good jobs, and education. All these factors together influence social inequality.

Question 9.
Shanti is studying in class 5. Her family consists of father, mother, sister and brother. Being in the coastal area, they live in fear when the sea gets rough. The biggest problem they face is the absence of a safe and secure home.
Akash and his family live in a hilly area. It is difficult for Akash and his sisters to go to school due to inadequate transport facilities.
Consider the above two scenarios. What are the problems they face?
Answer:
Lack of security
Lack of basic amenities

Question 10.
Find and discuss, in the class, the opportunities and schemes that help to uplift the students educationally, address their backwardness and reduce inequality.
Answer:
Scholarships and Financial Aid: Many governments, NGOs, and companies provide scholarships and financial help for students who can’t afford school or college fees.

Free or Low-Cost Education: Public schools often offer free or low-fee education, and some countries even provide free university education to reduce inequality.

Extra Learning Support: Remedial classes, tutoring programs, and special grants help students who need extra academic help due to educational gaps.

Access to Digital Resources: Programs provide free or low-cost online courses, laptops, and internet » access to students who lack these resources.

Question 11.
Conduct interviews with elected representatives of local self-governments to gather more information about Life Mission, Theeramythri, Kaivalya, Vidyavahini.
Answer:
To interview local government leaders about programs like Life Mission, Theeramythri, Kaivalya, and Vidyavahini, follow these steps:
Find the Right Person: Look for leaders in your area, like a panchayath president or council member, who know about these programs.
Prepare Simple Questions:
Life Mission: “How does this program help people find homes?”
Theeramythri: “How does it support women starting businesses?”
Kaivalya: “How does this help with mental health and well-being?”
Vidyavahini: “How does this improve education?”
Ask About Their Work: Find out how they help run these programs and any challenges they face. Take Notes: Write down their answers or record with permission to remember important details.
Thank Them: After the interview, thank them for sharing information about these important programs.

Question 12.
Complete the table given below.
Answer:

Projects	Beneficiaries	Features
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme	Those who have completed 18 years of age in the rural area.	Each family is provided with a maximum of 100 days of employment in a financial year.
Life Mission	Low-income families, Homeless people, and people living in poor housing	Provide house
Vidhyavahini	Children in the Scheduled Castes category	It provides better learning resources, ensuring that all students, especially in rural areas, have access to quality education.
Theeramaithri	Fisherwomen	Economic and socisl uplift of fisherwomen.
Kaivalya	Differently abled persons between the ages of 21 and 55 years	Equality of opportunity

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Identify the various schemes and their objectives implemented by the Central/State Governments to materialise socio-economic equality in post-independent India. Note them in a chart and display in the class.
Answer:

SCHEMES	YEAR	AIM/OBJECTIVE
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)	2005	Provides 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in rural areas.
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)	2001	Promotes financial inclusion by opening bank accounts for all.
Mid-day Meal Scheme	2016	Provides free meals in schools to improve nutrition and attendance.

Question 2.
Conduct a seminar on ‘Socio-Economic Inequalities and National Development.’ Sub-topics to be covered in the seminar: Social inequality, economic inequality, reasons for inequality.
Answer:
“Socio-Economic Inequalities and National Development”
Social Inequality: Some people don’t have the same chances as others because of their background, like caste or gender. This can make life unfair for many.
Economic Inequality: This is when wealth isn’t shared equally. Some people have a lot, while others have very little. This can lead to poverty.
Reasons for Inequality:
Lack of education
Poverty
Social discrimination
Few job opportunities in rural areas

Impact on the Nation: When people don’t have equal chances, it holds the whole country back. If everyone has the same opportunities, the country can grow stronger and happier.

Question 3.
Organise public awareness programmes under the auspices of the Social Science Club by preparing placards, posters, etc., of the schemes implemented by the government to resolve socio-economic inequalities.
Answer:
Make placards and posters with the help of elders, such as the examples given below.

• “End social inequality.”
• “The rich and the poor are no longer there-we are a country.”
• “Economic equality is national progress.”

Class 5 Social Science Towards Equality Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the reasons for the difference in family income?
Answer:
The reasons for the difference in family income are mainly in two ways. Difference in Income from employment
Difference in the sources of income

Question 2.
According to Chinnu, families can be divided into three categories based on the availability of income. Do you agree with this statement?
Answer:
Yes, I agree with this statement. Generally, families can be classified into three groups based on their income. They are: Families with an amount of high income, Families with an amount of moderate income, Families with an amount of low income.

Question 3.
When does inequality form in a society?
Answer:
Inequality occurs when the available resources in a society are not distributed equally.

Question 4.
Define the terms?
a) Social Inequality
b) Economic Inequality
Answer:
a) Social Inequality:
Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities and status within a society. Social inequality manifests itself in various forms, such as inequality in income and wealth, lack of access to education and healthcare, discrimination based on race and gender and unequal representation in political and social institutions. The Government formulates policies aimed at promoting equality, justice, and equal opportunities for all members of society to address social inequality.

b) Economic Inequality:
Economic inequality refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, income or resources among individuals or groups in a society. This often leads to inequalities of access to opportunities, education, employment, healthcare and political power. Governments seek to address economic inequality through implementing various policies and initiatives aimed at a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities.

Question 5.
Define the struggle of the women of Travancore in the early 19th century.
Answer:
The Upper Cloth Protest was led by the women of South Travancore from the beginning of the nineteenth century for the right to use upper cloth as part of their dress. After a series of protests, the Travancore Government proclaimed the right to wear any dress for everyone, irrespective of caste or religion, according to their will and pleasure. However, many were not able to wear their favourite clothes due to the customs imposed by the caste system.

Question 6.
What are the scholarships that students get for educational purposes?
Answer:
A number of scholarships have been introduced for students for educational purposes. They are:

• Pre-Matric Scholarship
• Post-Matric Scholarship
• Merit Scholarship
• T.H. Muhammed Koya Scholarship

Question 7.
What is the aim of the Vidyavahini project?
Answer:
Vidyavahini is a project to provide transportation facilities for tribal students to go to school. This scheme is implemented to ensure transportation facility for students who belong to the tribal. communities and to prevent dropouts.

Question 8.
Write the difference between The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) and the Life Mission Scheme.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: The scheme ensures unskilled physical employment for not less than 100 days in a financial year to any family residing in rural areas. Its beneficiaries are individuals above 18 years old. It is a poverty alleviation scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.

Life Mission: The objective of the complete housing scheme (LIFE) is to provide a safe and decent housing system in Kerala for all the landless, homeless people with homes that have not been fully constructed and those whose existing houses are not fit to live in. This is a scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks.
Answer:
a) The project is being implemented by the Government of Kerala for the educational advancement of children in the coastal areas…………
b) ………. is a scheme implemented by the Government of Kerala to provide nutritious food to pregnant women and mothers belonging to the tribal communities.
Answer:
a) Prathibhatheeram
b) Janani Janmaraksha

Question 10.
Write a note on Welfare pensions.
Answer:
The governments implement various schemes for the uplift of the people who face inequality. Central and State governments have been implementing various schemes to provide food, shelter, education, healthcare, and other basic facilities to all sections of people.

Question 11.
What are the various welfare pensions implemented by the government?
Answer:
Various welfare pensions implemented by the governments:

• Agriculture Labour Pension
• Old Age Pension
• Women Pension Schemes
• Disability Pensions

Question 12.
Make a note of the various schemes given below.
a) MGNREGP
b) Kaivalya
c) Vidhyavahini
Answer:
a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: The scheme ensures unskilled physical employment for not less than 100 days in a financial year to any family residing in rural areas. Its beneficiaries are individuals above 18 years old. It is a poverty alleviation scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.

b) Kaivalya: This is a rehabilitation scheme implemented by the Government of Kerala for the differently abled job seekers. The objectives of this project consist of equality of opportunity and social inclusion.

c) Vidyavahini: Vidyavahini is a project to provide transportation facilities for tribal students to go to school. This scheme is implemented to ensure transportation facilities for students who belong to the tribal communities and to prevent dropouts.

Towards Equality Class 5 Notes Pdf

• The reasons for the difference in family income are mainly in two ways:
  Difference in Income from employment
  Difference in the sources of income
• Based on the nature of employment, the income from it varies.
• Families can be classified into three groups based on their income: Families with an amount of high income, Families with an amount of moderate income, Families with an amount of low income.
• The inequality in employment and income leads to the economic inequality in the society.
• Inequality occurs when the available resources in a society are not distributed equally.
• Inequalities can be classified into social inequalities and economic inequalities.
• If there is a difference in wealth, income, assets, salary, etc., in a society, it is called economic inequality.
• Inequality in employment and income leads to economic inequality in society.
• Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of power, status, and resources among individuals and groups in a society.
• The governments implement various schemes for the uplift of the people who face inequality.
• Central and State governments have been implementing various schemes to provide food, shelter, education, healthcare, and other basic facilities to all sections of people.
• The governments implement various schemes for the uplift of the people who face inequality.
• A subsidy is a financial benefit or support provided by the government to individuals or institutions as per criteria.
• Vidyavahini is a project to provide transportation facilities for tribal students to go to school.
• Life Mission scheme designed and implemented by the Central and State governments.

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 8 Know Our Land Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 8 Know Our Land Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 8 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.

a. Vaniyamkulam has a physiography consisting of hills and plains. Which is the major river seen in the outline?
b. Find out the major mode of transport that runs parallel to Bharathapuzha.
Answer:
a. Bharathapuzha,
b. Railway

Question 2.
How does Bharathapuzha influence the agriculture, food habits, transport, etc., of the people in Vaniyamkulam Grama Panchayat? Discuss.
Answer:

• The fertile soil on the banks of Bharathapuzha is suitable for agriculture.
• Employment opportunities related to the river.
• The possibility of water transport.

Question 3.
List out the various geographical features, various crops and occupations of the area where you live.
Answer:
(Hints) Specify whether the place where you live is a village or a city, and record its geographical area, major crops, occupations, etc.

Question 4.
Based on the indicators provided, find out whether agriculture and other occupations in your country are related to geographical features and prepare a regional geographical document. Indicators: Details of the Area/ward, Geographical features, Transportation, Industries and Fertility of soil.
Answer:
(Hints)
1. Details of the Area/Ward

• Name of the Area/Ward:
• Location:
• Basic Geography:
• Total Population:

2. Nature of the Terrain

• Climate:
• Water Bodies:
• Plains:
• Hilly Region:
• Soil Fertility:

3. Major Crops

• Crops:
• Agricultural Tools:

4. Occupational Sectors

• Agriculture-related Occupations:
• Industry:
• Market/Trade:

5. Transportation Facilities

• Roads and Pathways:
• Rivers:

6. Issues in the Area

• Water scarcity, agricultural crisis, underdeveloped industries, unemployment.

7. Solutions

• Water conservation schemes, introducing new initiatives in agriculture, providing support to small-scale industries.

Question 5.
Observe the political map and physiographical map of Kerala given in the textbook and find out the following. (Physiographic divisions consisting of each district, districts with coastal areas, districts comprising all three physiographic categories)
Answer:

Question 6.
Read the chapters narrating how soil is formed in Jawaharlal Nehru’s book ‘Letters From a Father to His Daughter’ and discuss in the class.
Answer:
(Hints) Include the given information in the class discussion.
The process of weathering rock to form soil takes a long time. Topography, climate, rock structure and age, and the activity of plants, animals, and other microorganisms contribute to soil formation. It is estimated that it takes more than a thousand years for the formation of soil of one-inch thickness.

Question 7.
Collect pictures of a variety of human activities that use soil. Prepare a digital album with the help of teachers and present them to the Social Science Club.
Answer:

Question 8.
Collect more information about important types of soil with the help of the teacher, make notes, and present them in the class.
Answer:
Laterite Soil: Found in Kerala’s midlands and highlands, laterite soil is reddish due to high iron and aluminum content. It is porous and slightly acidic, making it ideal for plantation crops like tea, coffee, rubber, and spices. However, it requires efficient water management because of its low moisture retention.

Alluvial Soil: Alluvial soil is located in the coastal plains and river valleys, especially along rivers like the Periyar and Bharathapuzha. It is highly fertile and retains moisture well, which makes it suitable for crops like rice, vegetables, pulses, and coconut. Its main challenge is erosion, especially near rivers.

Black Soil: Also called “Kari” soil in some parts of Kerala, black soil is found in areas like Palakkad. It is clay-rich and has a high water-retention capacity, making it useful for crops like cotton, rice, and pulses. However, it hardens when dry, making it challenging to cultivate in dry seasons.

Peaty Soil: Primarily found in low-lying areas like Kuttanad, peaty soil is dark, rich in organic matter, and highly acidic. It is often waterlogged, which suits rice cultivation in the region. However, proper drainage and liming are needed to manage its acidity for effective farming.

Sandy Soil: This soil is located along Kerala’s coastal belt and is loose, well-drained, and low in nutrients. It supports coconut and cashew trees, though it generally has low fertility and poor water retention, which limits its agricultural use without soil improvement measures.

Forest Soil: Found in areas with dense vegetation, such as forested highlands, forest soil is rich in organic matter due to decomposing leaves and plant material. This soil type is fertile but can be acidic, depending on the local vegetation. It is usually dark, loose, and well-drained, supporting crops like tea, coffee, and various fruits when the forests are cleared for agriculture. Forest soil requires sustainable management to prevent nutrient loss and erosion.

Red Soil: Known for its reddish color due to high iron content, red soil is typically found in tropical and subtropical regions with high temperatures and moderate rainfall. It is less fertile than alluvial soil, as it has fewer organic nutrients, but it can be productive with the right fertilization. Red soil is porous and slightly acidic, making it suitable for crops like millets, pulses, groundnut, and occasionally cotton.

Question 9.
Collect soil types from your area and identify their characteristics with the help of the teacher, write them on a chart and demonstrate them to the class.
Answer:
(Hints) Find out the soil types in your area from the answer given above.

Question 10.
What are the sources of water in your area?
Answer:
Wells, ponds, streams, etc.

Question 11.
List out the rivers in Kerala observing the ‘Kerala River Map’ kept in your Social Science lab. Classify the rivers flowing eastward and westward.
Answer:

Eastward flowing rivers

Westward flowing rivers

Kabani, Bhavani, Pambar

Periyar,Bharathapuzha, Pamba, Chaliyar, Chalakudy, Kadalundi, Achankovil, Kallada, Muvattupuzha, Valapattanam, Chandragiri, Manimala, Vamanapuram, Kuppam, Meenachil, Kuttiady, Karamana,Shriya,Kariankode,Ithikkara,Neyyar,Mahe,Kercher, Pumba,Uppala,Karuvannur, Anjarakandy, Tirur, Neeleswaram,  Pallikkal, Kallayi, Korapuzha, Moral, Kavvayi, Thanikkudam, Thalassery, Mamam, Chithari, Ramapuram, Ayiroor, Manjeswaram

Question 12.
Are the water bodies in your country being polluted? Discuss. What suggestions can be put forward to protect water bodies from getting polluted?
Answer:
Yes, waste must be disposed of properly, avoid the use of artificial fertilisers and pesticides, and control construction activities near water bodies.

Question 13.
Prepare placards of water conservation messages and organise a rally for water conservation. Prepare a speech about the importance of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
(Hints) Prepare placards using the messages given below:

• “Water Conservation is a Duty, Not an Option!”
• “Don’t Let Our Rivers Run Dry!”
• “Save Water Today for a Thirsty Tomorrow”

Speech
Good morning everyone,
Today, I want to talk about the importance of rainwater harvesting. As water scarcity becomes a growing concern, collecting and storing rainwater is a simple yet effective solution. By capturing rainwater from rooftops and other surfaces, we can reduce our dependence on groundwater and other sources. This water can be used for irrigation, cleaning, and even drinking with proper filtration. Rainwater harvesting not only conserves water but also helps prevent flooding and soil erosion. Let’s all take responsibility and start harvesting rainwater to ensure a sustainable water future for all. Thank you.

Question 14.
The government implements various schemes to protect and maintain the existing water sources. Find out the objectives of these projects.
Answer:

Project	Objectives
Ini Njan Ozhukatte	This project is focused on protecting Kerala’s rivers and water distribution systems. It aims to promote the rejuvenation of water sources, river basin cleaning, and rainwater harvesting.
Malinya Mukatham Navakeralam	A project aimed at promoting cleanliness and environmental conservation. It emphasizes the importance of waste management, preventing the pollution of water sources, and ensuring the prevention of drought.
Thelineerozhukum Navakeralam	The goal of this project is to improve the water quality in Kerala’s water sources, clean and rejuvenate rivers and dams, and ensure cleanliness in coastal areas.
Jal Jeevan Mission	This mission aims to provide all rural households with piped drinking water by 2024. It also includes the conservation of water sources, safe drinking water distribution, and rainwater harvesting.

Question 15.
Observe and list out the major crops grown in your area.
Answer:
Paddy cultivation, Banana,. Vegetables, Tapioca, Colocasia, Cashew, Ginger, Pepper, Rubber, Coconut.

Question 16.
a. List out the major crops of highland, midland, and coastal regions.
b. Identify and complete the list with the essential factors that come together to ensure the agricultural prosperity of an area.
Answer:
a.

Areas	Major Crops
Highland	Tea, Cardamom, Coffee, Pepper, Turmeric, Ginger, Rubber etc
Midland	Tapioca, Colocasia, Yams, Bananas, Cashew, Paddy Cultivation
Coastal regions	Paddy Cultivation, Coconut

b. Fertile soil, quality seeds, manpower, suitable climate, irrigation facility, modern technology. learn technology.

Question 17.
List out the employments mentioned in the below picture in tune with appropriate physiographical divisions.

Answer:

Physiographical divisions	Employment
Highland	Rubber Cultivation, Tea cultivation
Midland	Paddy cultivation, Pottery making
Coastal area	Pisciculture, Husk threshing

Question 18.
Investigate and make notes on the changes brought about by modern technology in agricultural and traditional occupations.
Answer:
Modern technology has brought significant changes to both the agricultural and traditional occupational sectors. New techniques and technologies in agriculture have led to improved crop yields and help overcome challenges like climate change. Among the key technologies and innovations are hydroponic farming, aquaponic farming, terrace farming, and microgreens.

Hydroponic Farming: Hydroponics is a technique that involves growing vegetables, fruits, and plants without using soil, instead using water enriched with essential nutrients. Changes: It introduces a new approach to traditional farming. Small spaces can now efficiently grow vegetables and flowers. It reduces water usage by 70-90%, making it highly water-efficient.

Aquaponic Farming: Aquaponics is a combined approach of fish farming and hydroponics. Fish waste is used as nutrients for plants, while the water from the fish tanks is provided to the plants, and in turn, the plants purify the water.

Changes: This is a new method for the management of traditional water resources and organic farming. It allows for the farming of both animals and plants in a sustainable and integrated way.

Terrace Farming: Terrace farming involves creating flat areas on sloped or hilly terrain to cultivate crops. This method helps prevent soil erosion in areas where traditional farming is not possible.

Changes: It increases farming efficiency in hilly regions, helps in the effective use of water resources, and contributes to the conservation of slopes and hills.

Microgreens: Microgreens are young, small plants harvested just 1-2 inches in height, packed with nutrients. They are rich in vitamins and can be grown in small spaces, including indoors.

Changes: This represents a new shift in food culture, providing a highly nutritious food source that is easy to grow at home or in limited spaces.

Major Changes Due to Modern Technology:

Increased Productivity: New technologies provide faster, higher yields with less space and water compared to traditional farming methods.

Reduced Water Usage: Systems like hydroponics and aquaponics use water more efficiently, contributing to water conservation.

Organic Products: Innovations like microgreens have become beneficial for health and well- being.

New Employment Opportunities: The use of advanced technology creates new job opportunities in the agricultural sector.

These technological changes are not only modernising traditional farming methods but also addressing challenges like climate change and water scarcity.

Question 19.
Prepare a digital album with the help of your teacher by collecting pictures related to prevention and relief operations of natural disasters.
Answer:

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare a wall poster with information about soil types, occupations, crops, etc. in all the three physiographical divisions of Kerala.
Answer:
(Hints)

• Title
• The wall poster should be prepared with information containing pictures of the three topographical divisions of Kerala and their main agricultural crops, soil varieties and occupations.

Question 2.
Find out the properties of soil on your school premises with the help of ‘Mannu’ App. Select the crops that can be cultivated on the school premises from the app. Under the auspices of the Agricultural Club, increase the fertility of the soil using the tips from Mannu App and cultivate vegetables enough for your lunch.
Answer:
(Hints) Understand the characteristics of the soil in your school area and grow vegetables using the
‘Soil App’.
Ways to use ‘Soil App’:

• Install app Select the place
• Collect soil samples
• Perform analysis
• See soil characteristics
• Check the information
• Report

Question 3.
Organise a seminar based on the topic ‘Kerala’s Physiography and Life of the People.’ Collect information on soil, water, crops, and occupations for each physiographical division.
Answer:
(Hints)
Seminar Title: ‘Kerala’s Physiography and Life of the People.’
Introduction:
Key topics: To cover the topography of Kerala, the explanation of soil, water, farming practices etc. of different regions, the lifestyles and employment opportunities of the people, cultural and social differences.
Explanation: The relationship between topography and livelihoods, how local development and environmental protection affect nature, and what steps are being taken for environmental protection. Conclusion:

Question 4.
Discuss the problems faced by the agriculture sector in your locality with the local farmers. Also ask for solutions to their issues. Prepare a report.
Answer:
Farmers in our area are facing major challenges in the agricultural sector. Climate change is a significant issue, with irregular rainfall and droughts at unusual times leading to crop losses. Soil degradation has also become a major cause of reduced yields. The lack of water resources, even in hilly areas, hinders the growth of agriculture due to insufficient irrigation. Farmers are often forced to sell their produce at very low prices, with the dominance of intermediaries and the lack of proper market facilities further affecting them.

As solutions, farmers have suggested the need for water conservation systems, promoting organic farming, and increasing the use of modern technology. They believe that consistent government support and direct connections with consumers could also help address these issues.

Question 5.
Visit the official website of the Kerala Disaster Management Authority and learn its activities.
Answer:
The State Disaster Management Authority is an agency constituted in the state under the National Disaster Management Act of 2005. Entered into force on 4 May 2007. The Disaster Management Authority is governed by the Executive Committee, a State Executive Committee with the Chief Minister as its Chairman and the State Revenue Minister as its Vice-Chairman. The objectives of the authority are to formulate a disaster management policy for the state, identify natural disaster-prone areas and plan disaster management plans involving various departments. Apart from this, there is a district-level disaster management committee chaired by the district collector in the respective districts. The objectives of the Authority are to classify disasters such as natural disasters, man-made disasters and deadly epidemics and reduce their impact, mitigate the loss of life and economic losses, provide assistance to those affected by disasters, and coordinate rehabilitation activities.

Class 5 Social Science Know Our Land Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the three physiographical divisions of Kerala?
Answer:
Three physiographical divisions of Kerala are the Highland, Midland and Coastal areas.

Question 2.
Write the features of Highland in Kerala?
Answer:
It is a physiographical section that is located about 75 meters above sea level and includes hills, mountains, and peaks. Highland is a region that receives heavy rainfall and is generally full of greenery. All the 44 rivers of Kerala originate from the Highlands.

Question 3.
What is the height range of the Midland, and what are its features?
Answer:
Midland is a physiographic division located between the highlands and the coastal region. The altitude of this area ranges from 7.5 meters to 75 meters above sea level. The midland is characterised by hillocks, valleys, and river banks.

Question 4.
What are the features of the coastal area of Kerala?
Answer:
This is a landscape that is adjacent to the Lakshadweep Sea. Located close to the coastal region, this area has an altitude of up to 7.5 meters above sea level.

Question 5.
What are the major monsoon seasons of Kerala?
Answer:
There are two main rainy seasons in Kerala. They are Southwest Monsoon or Kalavarsham, Northeast Monsoon or Thulavarsham.

Question 6.
Explain the monsoon season in Kerala.
Answer:
Monsoons are winds that change the direction in accordance with seasonal changes. The southwest monsoon winds normally blow from June to September in the northern part of the equator in the Indian Ocean. They move towards inland from the southwest direction. As they blow from the sea, they are moist. These winds which enter the land are blocked by the Western Ghats. As a result, the western coasts, including Kerala, receive high rainfall. This is the southwest monsoon. In Kerala, this monsoon season is known as ‘Kalavarsham’. During the months of October and November, the monsoon winds blow in the opposite direction from the northeast. These winds are known as the northeast monsoon winds. Since a part of these winds passes over the Bay of Bengal, it becomes moisture-laden and causes rain in many parts of the southern states of India. This monsoon season is known as ‘Thulavarsham’ in Kerala.

Question 7.
In which rainy season Kerala receives most of the rainfall?
Answer:
Most of the rainfall received in Kerala is during the southwest monsoon season.

Question 8.
Explain the formation of the soil.
Answer:
Soil is one of the main factors responsible for the existence of life on earth. The process of weathering rock to form soil takes a long time. Topography, climate, rock structure and age, and the activity of plants, animals, and other microorganisms contribute to soil formation. It is estimated that it takes more than a thousand years for the formation of soil of one-inch thickness.

Question 9.
What are the main soil types of Kerala?
Answer:
Laterite Soil, Red Soil, Alluvial Soil, and Forest Soil are the main soil types in Kerala.

Question 10.
What are the reasons that adversely affect the soil?
Answer:
Application of excessive fertiliser and pesticide, Plastic waste in soil, Unscientific mining and agricultural practices, large-scale discharge of wastewater into the soil, overgrazing, etc., adversely affect the soil.

Question 11.
What are the ways to conserve the soil?
Answer:
Mangroves, Coir Geotextiles, Stone wall fence, Terrace farming, Crop rotation, Contour farming and Strip cropping etc, are the soil conservation methods.

Question 11.
Explain about Kerala’s water resources.
Answer:
Water is a natural resource that is indispensable for human existence. The important sources of water on Earth are rivers, springs, ponds, lakes etc. Kerala has an undulating topography that lays uneven from Sahya Mountain in the east to the Arabian Sea in the west. The rivers that originate from the Sahya Mountain range flow to the backwaters and the sea and make Kerala abundant in water. Apart from these, there are many lakes and ponds in our land. There are 44 rivers in Kerala which originate from the highlands. Of these, 3 rivers flow eastward and 41 rivers flow westward. Although Kerala is generally rich in water, due to the geographical slope, the water from the springs in Kerala reaches the Arabian Sea very quickly.

Question 12.
What are the ways to conserve water?
Answer:
Water conservation can be ensured through rain pits, rainwater harvesting, bunds, and mulching.

Question 13.
What are the reasons for polluting water bodies?
Answer:
Waste from industries, plastic waste, petroleum (oil) pollution, etc., pollute water bodies and adversely affect the survival of living organisms.

Question 14.
What are the schemes implemented by the government to protect the water resources of Kerala?
Answer:
The government implements various schemes to protect and maintain the existing water sources: Ini Njan Ozhukatte – Haritha Keralam Mission, Malinya Mukatham Navakeralam – Department of Local Self-Government, Thelineerozhukum Navakeralam – Department of Local Self-Government, Jal Jeevan Mission – Government of India.

Question 15.
What are the factors that influence the growth of agriculture?
Answer:
The agriculture of each region is related to its physiography and climate. Soil, irrigation facilities and altitude from sea level also contribute to the cultivation.

Question 16.
Write a note on the major agricultural crops in Highland, Midland and Coastal areas.
Answer:
Fertile soil and abundant rainfall provide ideal conditions for a variety of crops in Kerala. The cold climate experienced due to the high altitude above sea level and the sloping topography creates a favourable condition for the cultivation of crops like tea, cardamom, coffee, pepper, etc., in the highland region. The topography and soil characteristics contribute to the crop diversity in the midland. Along with tubers such as tapioca, colocasia, and yams, bananas, as well as rubber cultivation, are widespread in the Midlands. Kerala is the largest producer of rubber in India. The presence of alluvial soil in the coastal area is suitable for paddy cultivation. The saline soil here is favourable for the abundant growth of coconuts. The backwaters are used for fish farming.

Question 17.
Write some examples of festivals related to weather and topography.
Answer:
Many of the festivals in Kerala are closely related to weather and topography. The festivals of Onam and Vishu are associated with the harvest festival. Examples of celebrations related to weather and topography include boat races and bull-race held in the waterbodies of Kerala after the monsoon season.

Question 18.
Write a note on the job diversity of Kerala?
Answer:
Apart from agriculture, the major occupational areas in Kerala include duck farming, fishing, honey collection and coir industry. Along with progress in agriculture, advancements in other fields of work are important to improve the living conditions of people. Natural resources and human resources play an important role in determining the progress of the people of a region. The work culture of each region has been formed according to the topography and climate of that region. Husk threshing and rope picking in backwater shores, paddy cultivation, and duck rearing in Kuttanad are examples of this. Advancements in education, improved socio-infrastructured conditions, and modern technology in Kerala have led to positive changes in the employment people engaged in.

Question 19.
Why are there so many ecologically vulnerable areas in Kerala?
Answer:
Kerala has a physiography with many ecologically vulnerable areas. Apart from the crises caused by human intervention, some natural calamities also harm the living world, such as Cyclones, Wildfires, Floods, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Landslides etc. The tsunami caused in 2004, the major floods in 2018, and landslides in Kavalappara in 2019 and Pettimudi in 2020 have made life difficult for the people in those areas.

Question 20.
Define Natural Disasters.
Answer:
Natural disasters are natural phenomena that endanger life, property, and the environment.

Question 21.
Write some examples of natural disasters caused by human intervention.
Answer:
Human interventions such as unscientific agriculture, deforestation, building construction, unscientific mining activity, etc., cause natural calamities.

Question 22.
What are the government departments and systems functioning in Kerala for the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters?
Answer:
Kerala Revenue Disaster Management Department, State Disaster Management Authority, District Disaster Management Authority, Disaster Risk Analysis Cell, Land and Disaster Management Institute

Question 23.
What preparations can be made for disaster management and mitigation?
Answer:
Anticipate certain disasters with the help of modern technology, Ensure necessary measures for rescue operations, Rehabilitate the disaster victims In disaster-prone areas, issue warnings and take steps to create awareness and evacuate people, Set relief camps and plan for the provision of food, clothing, shelter, and medical care, Take steps to manage situations of disasters in future.

Know Our Land Class 5 Notes Pdf

• Three physiographical divisions of Kerala are the Highland, Midland and Coastal areas. Highland located about 75 meters above sea level and includes hills, mountains, and peaks.
• Midland is the area ranges from 7.5 meters to 75 meters above sea level.
• Coastal area has an altitude of up to 7.5 meters above sea level.
• There are two main rainy seasons in Kerala: Southwest Monsoon, or Kalavarsham and Northeast Monsoon or Thulavarsham.
• Kerala receives most of the rainfall during the southwest monsoon.
• Summer season in Kerala is from March to May.
• Laterite Soil, Red Soil, Alluvial Soil, Black Soil, Peat Soil and Forest Soil are the main soil types in Kerala.
• There are 44 rivers in Kerala which originate from the highlands.
• 3 rivers flow eastward, and 41 rivers flow westward in Kerala.
• The agriculture of each region is related to its physiography and climate.
• Soil, irrigation facilities and altitude from sea level also contribute to the cultivation.
• Fertile soil and abundant rainfall provide ideal conditions for a variety of crops in Kerala.
• Many of the festivals in Kerala are closely related to weather and topography.
• Kerala’s natural beauty and favourable climate make people’s lives easier. But sometimes, natural disasters and calamities occur.
• Kerala has a physiography with many ecologically vulnerable areas.
• Apart from the crises caused by human intervention, some natural calamities also harm the living world, such as Cyclones, Wildfires, Floods, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Landslides, etc.
• Natural disasters are natural phenomena that endanger life, property, and the environment. Such natural calamities adversely affect humans and other living beings.
• Government departments and systems that work for the management and mitigation of natural disasters are the Kerala Revenue Disaster Management Department, State Disaster Management Authority, District Disaster Management Authority, Disaster Risk Analysis Cell, and Land and Disaster Management Institute.

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 7 Transport and Communication Systems Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 7 Transport and Communication Systems Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 7 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
Look at the news collage cited.

a) How could the heart be quickly transported to Kochi from Thiruvananthapuram?
b) In what ways would the coastal people have been alerted?
c) How were the flood relief activities coordinated quickly?
Answer:
a) By air ambulance, medical expertise and precautions
b) Social media and digital platforms, community-based communication
c) Through emergency video conference

Question 2.
This is a page from Neenu’s postal stamp album. Find out the vehicles that are featured on the stamps.

Answer:
The vehicles included in the stamps are palanquin, school rickshaw, cycle rickshaw, bus, double- decker bus and car.

Question 3.
Look at the pictures. What information can be obtained from these?

Answer:
Wheeled carts were pulled by humans
Wheeled carts were pulled using animals
Humans travelled in wheeled carts
In wheeled carts, people travelled and carried goods along with them

Question 4.
Draw pictures showing the progress of transportation from the wheel to the vehicle and conduct an exhibition in the class.
Answer:

Question 5.
Discuss and prepare notes regarding the changes in road transport.
Answer:
Road transport has changed greatly over the years. In the beginning, people relied on unpaved paths and animal-drawn carts. With the invention of motor vehicles in the late 19th century, roads were gradually paved to handle the new traffic, making travel faster and safer. Innovations like buses, trucks, and later highways transformed transportation, making it easier for people and goods to move across longer distances. Today, road transport is more efficient, with advanced vehicles, traffic management systems, and infrastructure designed to accommodate high-speed travel and large volumes of traffic.

Question 6.
Collect pictures of different vehicles and roads – old and new. Make an album and display in the class.
Answer:

Question 7.
Observe the pictures and write the characteristics of trains of different eras.

Answer:

1. The train carrying coal
2. A carriage dragged by horses along a special track
3. The coal cart used for the journey
4. Diesel-powered vehicle
5. Electric Train
6. Bullet train

Question 8.
Observe the transport map of Kerala given below.
a) List out the districts without rail transport in your notebook.
b) Which are the major ports in Kerala?
c) Write the names of districts where the international airports of Kerala are located.

Answer:
a) Idukki, Wayanad
b) Vizhinjam Harbour,Kochi
c) Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode and Kannur

Question 9.
What could have been the circumstances that led humans to discover the mode of water transport?
Answer:

• The situation in which humans and animals are unable to cross water bodies
• For movement of goods

Question 10.
Which are the water transport vehicles you have travelled on?
Answer:
Boat, Wooden Raft, Ship, Water Metro

Question 11.
Prepare a chart showing the means and advantages of water transport.
Answer:
Means – Inland Transport and Maritime Transport
Advantages -Less expensive, low level of pollution

Question 12.
What are the consequences of an increased number of vehicles?
Answer:

• Increased traffic congestion
• Air pollution
• Noise pollution
• Health problems
• High traffic accidents
• Limited parking space reduces safety for pedestrians and bicyclists
• Financial liability
• Emergency services are disrupted

Question 13.
Organise a discussion in the class and prepare notes on the need to use public transport system.
Answer:
Using public transport is essential for several reasons. It helps reduce traffic congestion, which makes roads safer and travel times shorter. Public transport also lowers pollution by decreasing the number of private vehicles on the road, leading to cleaner air and a healthier environment. Additionally, it’s cost-effective, saving people money on fuel and vehicle maintenance. Public transport systems, like buses and trains, are more energy-efficient, which helps conserve resources. Overall, choosing public transport benefits individuals, communities, and the planet by promoting a more sustainable and efficient way of moving around.

Question 14.
Prepare a video showing the changes in communication with the help of the teacher.
Answer:
(Hint)

Question 15.
Discuss and prepare a report on the impact of information technology in our day to day life.
Answer:
Information technology has a major impact on our daily lives, making tasks faster, easier, and more convenient. With access to the internet and digital devices, we can communicate instantly with people worldwide, access vast information, and shop or work from home. It has transformed education, allowing online learning and access to resources. In healthcare, it enables better patient care through digital records and telemedicine. It also plays a role in entertainment, finance, and transportation, making life more connected and efficient. Overall, information technology has become an essential part of modern life, influencing almost every aspect of how we live and work.

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Organise a seminar about the changes that transport has brought about in human life.
Answer:
(Organize the seminar based on the hints given below)
Introduction: Start with a brief overview of how transportation has evolved
Key Themes to Cover :

• Historical Evolution of Transport
• Economic Impact
• Social and Cultural Changes
• Environmental Effects
• Technological Advances

Activities: Visual Presentation, Panel Discussion, Group Activity
Conclusion: Summarize the discussion, highlighting how transportation has revolutionised human life and continues to shape our world.

Question 2.
Enquire and make notes on job opportunities in the fields of transport and communication.
Answer:
The fields of transport and communication offer a wide range of job opportunities. In transport, there are roles in logistics, transportation planning, aviation, shipping, and public transit, with positions like drivers, pilots, logistics coordinators, and transport managers. Infrastructure roles, such as engineers and technicians, are also vital for building and maintaining roads, railways, and airports. In communication, job options include careers in telecommunications, media, broadcasting, and digital communication. Roles like network engineers, broadcasters, journalists, and digital marketers are in high demand. Both fields provide stable and diverse career paths due to their essential role in connecting people, goods, and information.

Question 3.
Make models of different types of vehicles and organise an exhibition in your school.
Answer:
(Make vehicles with available materials, such as a given model)

Class 5 Social Science Transport and Communication Systems Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define the term Vehicle.
Answer:
The term vehicle means “a device to carry.” Vehicles are mechanical, non-mechanical systems used for the movement of people and the transportation of goods.

Question 2.
In the olden days, what did humans use instead of vehicles?
Answer:
Instead of vehicles, animals like elephant, horse, bull and camel were used for transportation.

Question 3.
How were the first wheels made, and where?
Answer:
The first wheels in Mesopotamia were made from three thick planks joined together with copper nails, with leather straps to hold them together.

Question 4.
What does the word ‘Mesopotamia’ mean, and where was this civilisation located?
Answer:
The word ‘Mesopotamia’ means “land between two rivers,” referring to the area around present-day Iraq, between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.

Question 5.
What led to the invention of vehicles?
Answer:
The invention of vehicles came from the need to overcome limitations like delays, difficulty in travel, and the inability to meet growing demands.

Question 6.
What are transport and communication systems used for?
Answer:
Transport and communication systems are the means of overcoming the physical distance among people. This is an effective system to connect people, considering the distance between them.

Question 7.
What are the main modes of Transport?
Answer:
Land Transport, Water Transport, Air Transport

Question 8.
What are some advantages of road transport?
Answer:
Less expensive, suited for short trips, Multipurpose Service

Question 9.
What role does road transport play in a country?
Answer:
Road transport plays an important role in ensuring the socio-economic growth of a country.

Question 10.
How did road transport evolve over time?
Answer:
Road transport began with single-track paths and mud paths in ancient times, later evolving to stone-paved paths, concrete roads, and tarred roads.

Question 11.
Who pioneered the modern type of road construction, and when?
Answer:
Scottish engineer J. L. McAdam pioneered the modern type of road construction around 1820.

Question 12.
Where and when was the world’s first railway track built?
Answer:
The world’s first railway track was built in 1825, connecting the cities of Stockton and Darlington in England.

Question 13.
Who built the first locomotive train engine, and what fuel was initially used to run it?
Answer:
George Stephenson built the first locomotive train engine in 1825 in Britain, using coal as fuel.

Question 14.
What is the difference between inland and maritime water transport?
Answer:
Before the advent of railways, inland water transport was the main mode of transport in India. Inland water transport developed in areas where there were plenty of rivers and backwaters. Later, canals were constructed for this purpose. In the past, international travel and goods transport were mostly dependant on maritime transport. The invention of sailing ships navigated with the help of wind, has improved maritime transport. That marked an increase in the number of voyages to other countries.

Question 15.
List out the advantages of water and air transport.
Answer:

Water Transport	Air Transport
Relatively less expensive	Fastest mode of transport
A low level of pollution	Used for national defence services
Foreign trade	Expansion of trade

Question 16.
Who invented the first successful airplane, and what was it called?
Answer:
The first successful airplane was built by the American brothers Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright. It was called the Flare-1 and took off on December 17, 1903, from North Carolina, USA.

Question 17.
What is communication?
Answer:
Communication is the transfer of information from one place or one person to another place/person.

Question 18.
Who were the first people to develop writing, and what was the name of their script?
Answer:
The Sumerians were the first to develop writing about 5000 years ago. Their script was called Cuneiform and was written on clay tablets.

Question 19.
Distinguish between Interpersonal communication and Mass communication, including examples.
Answer:

Interpersonal communication	Mass communication
It is the exchange of messages or ideas from one person to another.	It is the delivery of a message or idea to a large chunk of people.
Examples: Inland, Telegraph, E-mail	Examples: Newspapers, Radio, Seminar

Question 20.
What are the advanced communication systems that are used to take advantage of the potential of the Internet?
Answer:
Video Conferencing, E-Commerce, E-mail, Tele-Medicine.

Question 21.
Match the Surface with the Writing device.

The surface used to write	The writing device
Stone	Metal Stylus
Copper Plate	Stylus/Narayam
Palm leaves	Sharp Stone

Answer:

The surface used to write	The writing device
Stone	Sharp Stone
Copper Plate	Metal Stylus
Palm leaves	Stylus/Narayam

Question 22.
What invention made the transmission of news and messages easier, and who invented it?
Answer:
The invention of the printing press made the transmission of news and messages easier. It was invented by the Chinese and later improved by Gutenberg with the iron printing press.

Transport and Communication Systems Class 5 Notes Pdf

• Transport and communication systems are the means of overcoming the physical distance among people.
• The transportation system helps to move people or goods from one place to another.
• Communication involves transferring ideas or messages from one source to another.
• Land transport is the mode of transport on land.
• Single-track paths and mud paths were used for road transportation in ancient times.
• Rail Transport is the fastest mode of transport on land. The railway system was launched first in Britain.
• Water transport can be divided into two inland and maritime.
• Before the advent of railways, inland water transport was the main mode of transport in India.
• In the past, international travel and goods transport were mostly dependant on maritime transport.
• Air travel is a very useful mode of travel for long distances within and outside the country.
• Air Transport can be divided into National Airways and International Airways.
• Communication is the transfer of information from one place or one person to another place/person.
• The two modes of Communication are Interpersonal Communication and Mass Communication.

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 6 People by the People Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 6 People by the People Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 6 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Manchadimala: The student parliament consisting of selected children of the panchayat as members attracted public attention. Many demands like the construction of footpaths, slabs cover to drains, controlling stray dog menace, installing street lights, devising garbage disposal schemes and making parks were raised in the Parliament. The Panchayat President inaugurated the meeting. The president assured that the demands put forward by the Student Friendly Parliament would be discussed in the next governing body meeting.

Question 1.
Did you notice the above newspaper report? What demands regarding the developmental activities of the Panchayat did the children raise in the Parliament?
Answer:

• Construction of footpaths
• Slabs to cover the drains
• Controlling stray dog menace
• Installing streetlights
• Plan for garbage disposal schemes
• Making parks

Question 2.
Discuss the developmental activities that need to be taken up in your school. Won’t you bring your demands to the attention of the teachers and try to implement them.
Answer:

• Promoting creativity and innovation
• Leadership opportunities
• Career guidance and counselling
• Extra-curricular activities
• Community service projects

Question 3.
A lot of developmental works must be going on in your area too. If so, who are the authorities that discuss and decide on such developmental activities?
Answer:
The important discussions and decisions are taken in the Grama Sabha / Ward Sabha of an area.

Question 4.
Prepare an ID Card with the names of different Local Self Government Institutions to which you belong. (Grama Panchayat, Block Panchayat, District Panchayat, Municipality/ Corporation)
Answer:

Question 5.

Have you noticed the map of Europe given above. Write down the two countries which are marked as A and B in the outline map.
Answer:
A-Greece
B-U.K. of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Question 6.
Find more details about Greece and England with the help of your teacher.
Answer:
Greece is often regarded as the birthplace of democracy, particularly ancient Athens. In the 5th century BCE, Athens implemented a system of direct democracy where citizens directly participated in decision-making process. This Athenian democracy allowed citizens to vote on laws, policies, and public matters in the Athenian Assembly, serve on juries, and hold public office.
While Greece provided the foundational concepts of democracy, England’s evolution of democracy influenced modern representative democracies worldwide, including parliamentary systems like those in the UK and many Commonwealth countries. Both Greece and England have left lasting legacies in the development and practice of democratic governance.

Question 7.
Have you seen Grama SabhafWard Sabha meeting? What all issues are discussed there? Who are the participants in a Crama Sabha?
Answer:
Participants in a Grama Sabha usually include all registered voters in the village, giving them the opportunity to voice their concerns and provide feedback on local governance. The key issues discussed in these meetings typically revolve around village development, infrastructure, public services, health, education, agriculture, land disputes, and other important matters concerning the community.

Question 8.
Find out more information about Grama Sabba.
Answer:
Grama Sabha is the general assembly of all the people in a village, who have attained the age of 1.8 years, and their name is entered in the voters list. It seeks to develop programs for the village. It controls the funds received by the Grama Panchayat. The Grama Sabha is a key factor in making the Grama Panchayat to play its role and be responsible.

Question 9.
Can we directly participate in the proceedings of the Legislative Assembly? Who speaks for us there?
Answer:
As citizens, we do not have the ability to directly participate in the proceedings of the Legislative Assembly in the same manner as elected representatives. The system of representative democracy allow us to elect individuals to serve as our voice in these legislative bodies. These elected officials are tasked with representing• the interests and concerns of the people who voted for them. The individuals who speak for us in the Legislative Assembly are our elected representatives, including Members of Parliament, Members of Congress, Members of the Legislative Assembly,etc.

Question 10.
Which is your Legislative Assembly Constituency? Who is the Member of the Legislative Assembly (M LA) of your constituency?
Answer:
(Hints)
Legislative Assembly Constituency- (Write the name of your Legislature Assembly Constituency) Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA)- (Write the name of your MLA)

Question 11.
Complete the table by comparing direct democracy and indirect democracy.

Answer:

Direct Democracy	Indirect Democracy
. Possible in less populated countries.	• Exists in countries with a huge population.
. Also known as Participatory Democracy.	• Also known as Representative Democracy.
. People participate directly in administrative affairs.	• Citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Question 12.
Let’s find out more countries.

Look at the headlines given above. From these, find out the countries that have a democratic system of government. Add the names of more democratic countries to the list.
Answer:

• India
• Switzerland
• New Zealand
• Canada
• Sweden

Question 13.
Organise a discussion in your class on the characteristics of a Democratic system of government.
Answer:
(Hints)
The supreme power belongs to the people, free and fair elections, an opposition helping and improving the government through constructive criticism, an independent and impartial judiciary, independent media that helps to connect the people and the government, the rule of law ensures equality before law.

Question 14.
Have you got a chance to cast your vote in an election? How are votes cast in School Parliament elections? Your parents cast their votes in general elections. Don’t they?
Answer:
In School Parliament elections, students typically cast their votes through paper ballots. These elections serve as a valuable learning experience for students, providing them with a hands-on understanding of the democratic process and the importance of participating in decision-making. On the other hand, in general elections, my parents cast their votes to choose political representatives at the national or local level.

Question 15.
Why didn’t you get a chance to vote in the general election?
Answer:
Under 18-year-old child did not get a chance to vote in the general election due to legal age restrictions set by the government. The individuals below a certain age lack the maturity, life experience, and understanding necessary to make informed decisions that align with the best interests of the country as a whole.

Question 16.
Can anyone who completes 18 years of age cast vote?
Answer:
Other than a person completing 18 years, they should also have a citizenship in their state and a valid voter’s ID.

Question 17.

What bits of information are given on the notice board related to school parliament elections? List them.
Answer:

• Election Notification
• Verification and Scrutiny of Nomination
• Withdrawal of Notification
• Publication of Final list of Candidates
• Date of voting
• Counting of votes
• Declaration of results
• First meeting of School Parliament

Question 18.
Organise a model election in the class including various stages of election.
Answer:
(Hints)

• Allow interested candidates to submit their nominations
• Allocate a specific period to introduce the candidates.
• Set up polling booths with ballot papers and ballot boxes in an area where students can cast their votes secretly.
• Ensure each voter is properly identified before casting their vote to prevent fraud.
• Secure the ballot boxes until the end of the voting period.
• Conduct the counting process in public view.
• Once the counting is completed, announce the results in public.

Question 19.
Prepare strips containing information on different functions of election and keep them in a box. Divide the class into groups and choose a representative from each group. Each representative should select a strip from the box and lead a group discussion on the prescribed function of election. Then, develop a discussion paper and present it in the class.
Answer:
(Hints)

• Governments are formed
• All are represented
• Rulers are molded
• Strengthens democracy
• Educated voters

Question 20.

Look at the pictures given above. To what extent do these situations play a role in ensuring democracy? Discuss.
Answer:
School Assembly: A school assembly, where all students gather, symbolizes the democratic value of equality. It suggests that education is accessible to all, regardless of their background, and that everyone is given the opportunity to participate in communal activities and receive information. School Bus: Riding the school bus together teaches children about shared spaces, mutual respect, and cooperation. This collective experience mirrors the democratic practice of living in a society where public spaces and services are shared and respected.

Question 21.
Complete the check list given below. Find out how far we follow a democratic way of life.

Answer:

My opinion is considered while making important decisions at home.	Yes
Public places and public vehicles are kept clean.	Yes
I give my opinion when the destination for a study tour from school is chosen.	Yes
While travelling. I don’t behave in a manner that causes difficulty to fellow passengers.	Yes
I follow traffic rules.	Yes
I have the freedom to study subject that I like.	Yes
I do not throw garbage in public places	Yes

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare a digital album by collecting pictures related to the election.
Answer:
(Hints)
Add images showing voters exercising their right to participate in the electoral process, candid shots of political candidates engaging with the public, images capturing the anticipation and energy on election day, collage of images reflecting the varied election processes and traditions around the world etc.

Question 2.
With the help of the teacher, prepare a questionnaire for interviewing the Ward Member/ Councillor and MLA to understand more about Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha and Assembly. Organise visits to Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha and Legislative Assembly.
Answer:
1. Can you explain the role of the Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha in local governance and decision- making process?
2. How often are Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha meetings held, and what are the key agenda items typically discussed during these meetings?
3. In your opinion, what are the major challenges faced in effectively conducting Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha meetings and ensuring meaningful engagement of residents?
4. Moving on to the assembly level, what role does the MLA play in representing the constituents at the State Legislative Assembly?
5. How do you ensure effective communication and coordination between the Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha and the MLA’s office to address local issues effectively?
6. Could you provide an example of a successful collaboration between the local governance bodies and the State Assembly that led to improvements in the community?

Question 3.
Organise a seminar based on the characteristics of a democracy.
Answer:
Seminar Title: “Exploring the Characteristics of a Democracy: A Comprehensive Analysis” Abstract: In this seminar we look into the fundamental characteristics of a democracy, examining its key components and discussing their relevance in modern society. Through in-depth exploration and interactive discussions, participants will gain a deeper understanding of the principles that underpin democratic governance and the importance of upholding these values in ensuring a growing and open society.
Include key Concepts such as Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law, Political Plurality, Protection of Minority Rights, Accountability and Transparency.
Conclusion: The importance of upholding democratic values in a rapidly changing world.

Question 4.
Is the age limit to cast vote 18, in all countries? Find out the minimum age to vote in different countries.
Answer:
The minimum age to vote varies from country to country, with 18 years old being the most common
age requirement. Here are the minimum voting ages in different countries:
1. United States: 18 years old
2. United Kingdom: 18 years old
3. Canada: 18 years old
4. Australia: 18 years old
5. Brazil: 16 years old
6. Argentina: 16 years old
7. Austria: 16 years old
8. Ecuador: 16 years old
9. Malta: 16 years old
10. Cuba: 16 years old

Question 5.
Make a prototype of Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) in groups and demonstrate it in the Social Science Lab.
Answer:
(Hints)
Here is a step-by-step guide on how to make and demonstrate an EVM in a Social Science Lab setting:
1. Materials needed: Cardboard box or thick paper for the base, buttons or switches for voting options, LED lights or small screens for displaying results, wires, batteries, and a basic circuit board, glue, tape, and scissors for assembly, markers, or stickers for labelling.

2. Design and construction: Design the layout of the EVM on the cardboard base with labelled buttons for different voting options. Connect the buttons and LED lights to the circuit board using wires and soldering. Test the circuit to ensure that pressing a button lights up the corresponding LED. Secure all components using glue or tape to prevent them from moving during the demonstration.

Class 5 Social Science People by the People Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is Democracy?
Answer:
The system in which the people themselves or their elected representatives make decisions on administrative matters is called Democracy.

Question 2.
“Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people”. – said by
a) Abraham Lincoln
b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) Amartya Sen
Answer:
a) Abraham Lincoln

Question 3.
“My notion of democracy is that under it the weakest should have the same opportunity as the strongest” – said by
a) Abraham Lincoln
b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) Amartya Sen
Answer:
b) Mahatma Gandhi

Question 4.
What is included in the Local Self-Government Institutions?
Answer:
The Local Self-Government Institutions include the Three-tier Panchayat systems such as Grama Panchayat, Block Panchayat and District Panchayat in rural areas and Municipalities and Corporations in urban areas.

Question 5.
The English word democracy is derived from the
a) French word
b) Greek word
c) Latin word
Answer:
b) Greek word

Question 6.
Which two Greek words form the word Democracy? What does it mean?
Answer:
The word Democracy is derived from the Greek words demos (people) and kratos (power or rule) which means Power of People or Rule of People.

Question 7.
How did Athens in ancient Greece influence the development of Democracy?
Answer:
Although not all classes were included, Athens played a crucial role in shaping the concept of Democracy with its early form of citizen participation in decision-making.

Question 8.
What role did England play in the evolution of Democracy as we know it today?
Answer:
England, as part of the United Kingdom, laid the foundation for today’s concept of democracy with the development of systems such as election, representative government, and parliament.

Question 9.
What is Grama Sabha?
Answer:

• Grama Sabhas are platforms where all the people get a chance to participate and take decisions in the administrative and developmental processes of a locality.
• All the people whose names are included in the electoral roll of each ward of a Grama Panchayat are its members. In urban areas these are known as Ward Sabhas.

Question 10.
Which are the two types of Democracy?
Answer:
Direct/ Participatory Democracy and Indirect/ Representative Democracy

Question 11.
Explain Kerala Legislative Assembly.
Answer:

• Kerala Legislative Assembly is the legislative or law-making body of the State of Kerala.
• Its headquarters is in Thiruvananthapuram. Travancore Legislative Council, established in 1888, Sree Moolam Praja Sabha, established in 1904 and Thiru-Kochi Legislative Assembly of 1949 were the pioneers of the Kerala Legislative Assembly.
• The first session of the Kerala Legislative Assembly was held on 27^th April .1957. 27^th April of every year is observed as Legislative Assembly Day.

Question 12.
What are the Characteristics of Democracy?
Answer:

Question 13.
What are the stages of Election?
Answer:

Question 14.
Write the functions of Election.
Answer:

Question 15.
How are the members of the Election Commission of India appointed, and what is their role in overseeing elections?
Answer:
The three members of the Election Commission of India including the Chief Election Commissioner, are appointed by the President of India. Their primary responsibility is to oversee the conduct of elections at various levels and to ensure that the electoral process is conducted in a transparent and impartial manner.

Question 16.
What is the significance of the Election Commission of India in ensuring democratic processes in the country?
Answer:
The Election Commission of India plays a crucial role in conducting free and fair elections for the President, Vice President, Members of Parliament, and State Legislatures, thereby upholding the principles of democracy and ensuring transparency and integrity in the electoral process.

Question 17.
What are the chief characteristics of a democratic society?
Answer:
The chief characteristics of a democratic society is that it provides the freedom to choose one’s food, clothing, profession, and the liberty to express one’s opinions.

Question 18.
How democracy becomes meaningful?
Answer:
Democracy becomes meaningful when equal status, equal opportunity and equal rights are provided to all resources.

Question 19.
What are some key benefits of implementing a democracy in schools?
Answer:
Implementing a democracy in schools promotes student engagement, critical thinking skills, and a sense of ownership over their education, which leads to improved academic performance and overall well-being.

Question 20.
How can education be utilized to cultivate a culture that embraces democracy as a way of life?
Answer:
Education can be utilized to cultivate a culture that embraces democracy as a way of life by teaching critical thinking skills, promoting civic literacy, and fixing values of respect, tolerance, and social responsibility in future generations.

Question 21.
a) What role does the Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha play in the local self-government system?
b) How does the involvement of people in the administrative decisions through local self- government institutions contribute to democracy?
Answer:
a) Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha allows people to directly engage in administrative matters through decision-making processes within the local community, empowering them within the democratic framework.

b) By participating in discussions and making decisions at the Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha level, individuals or their elected representatives actively contribute to the democratic process by collectively shaping and implementing policies that directly impact their community.

Question 22.
Which are the two countries have special features regarding the origin of democracy?
Answer:
Greece and England

Question 23.
Write the views of great men on democracy.
Answer:
1. “Democracy can only endure when it’s bigger than just one person.” – Barak Obama
2. “No government can long be secure without formidable opposition.” – Benjamin Disraeli
3. “Democracy cannot succeed unless those who express their choice are prepared to choose wisely.
The real safeguard of democracy, therefore, is education.” -Franklin D Roosevelt
4. “This must be a world of democracy and respect for human rights.” – Nelson Mandela

Question 24.
a) What are the main components of the Three-Tier Panchayat System in rural areas?
b) How do Grama Panchayats differ from Block Panchayats and District Panchayats in terms of functions and responsibilities?
Answer:
a) Grama Panchayat, Block Panchayat, and District Panchayat.
b) Grama Panchayats are responsible for local issues such as sanitation, primary education, maintenance of community assets, and social welfare programs tailored to the village’s specific needs. Block Panchayats are responsible for facilitating communication between Grama Panchayats and higher tiers of governance, resource mobilization, and monitoring the. implementation of various rural development programs. District Panchayats are responsible for supervising and coordinating the activities of Grama Panchayats and Block Panchayats within their territorial boundaries.

Question 25.
a) All people cannot participate in Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha. Who are eligible to participate in Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha?
b) Write any three characteristics of democracy?
Answer:
a) Every Voter in a ward can participate in the Grama Sabha / Ward Sabha. They have an opportunity to express their opinions in discussions.
b) The supreme power belongs to the people
The rule of law ensures equality before law
Free and Fair elections

Question 26.
a) How many times should the Grama Sabha meet in a year?
b) Who is the Chairman of Grama Sabha?
Answer:
a) Grama Sabha should meet once in three months.
b) Grama panchayat President

Question 27.
a) What is the purpose of a Grama Sabha?
b) How are decisions made within a Grama Sabha?
Answer:
a) The primary purpose of a Grama Sabha is to provide a platform for villagers to participate in local governance, discuss issues affecting their community, and make decisions collectively.
b) Decisions in a Grama Sabha are usually reached through discussions, debates, and consensus- building among the members present, ensuring a democratic and participatory process.

Question 28.
a) What is direct democracy and how does it differ from indirect democracy?
b) What are the advantages of direct democracy?
c) How does indirect democracy promote efficiency in governance?
Answer:
a) Direct Democracy or Participatory Democracy is a form of government in which the people participate directly in the administrative affairs, whereas in indirect democracy, representatives are elected by the people to make decisions on their behalf.

b) Direct democracy allows for greater citizen engagement, transparency in decision-making, and
ensures that the will of the majority is directly reflected in policy decisions.

c) Indirect democracy facilitates more efficient decision-making processes by delegating authority to elected officials who have the time, resources, and expertise to analyze complex issues and make informed decisions on behalf of the population.

Question 29.
15th Election to the Kerala Legislative Assembly was held on April 6th, 2021.
a) Given below are the stages that must be followed during the election process in the correct order.
Submission of nomination
Counting of votes and declaration of results
Issue of election notification
Polling
Withdrawal of nomination
Scrutiny of nomination
Stages of Election
Issue of election notification
Polling
b) What is the age to attain adult franchise for an Indian citizen?
Answer:
a) Stages of election
Issue of election notification
Submission of notification
Scrutiny of Nomination
Withdrawal of Nomination
Polling
Counting of votes and declaration of results
b) 18 years

Question 30.
a) Which is the basic feature of democracy?
b) Who is a voter?
Answer:
a) Election is the basic feature of democracy.
b) Any citizen attains the age of 18 years has the right to vote in elections, such persons are called voters.

Question 31.
a) What is the first stage of an election process?
b) Why is the campaigning stage crucial in an election process?
c) What role do polling stations play in the final stage of an election?
Answer:
a) The first stage of an election typically involves nomination of candidates by political parties or individuals.
b) Campaigning is crucial as it allows candidates to communicate their policies, engage with voters, and persuade them to support their candidacy.
c) Polling stations play a critical role in the final stage of an election by providing a designated place for voters to cast their ballots and contribute to the democratic process.

Question 32.
Fill in the blanks.

Answer:
a) All are represented
b) Rulers are molded
c) Educated voters

Question 33.
a) Democracy is a way of life. Discuss.
b) Write some undemocratic activities?
Answer:
a) As a way of life, democracy upholds human values and individual liberty. Respecting opinions of others is a part of democratic life. An individual has the right to agree or disagree with the opinion of others. Democracy becomes meaningful when we can form collective decisions. We should be able to adopt the democratic way of life at home, in school and in society.

b)

• Destroying public property
• Smoking in public
• Disposal of waste in public places
• Harming the environment
• Terrorism

Question 34.
a) How is the class captain elected?
b) What is democratic attitude?
Answer:
a) Based on the opinions of the majority the class captain is elected.
b) A Democratic attitude means taking decisions based on majority’s opinions and showing respect to that decision:

People by the People Class 5 Notes Pdf

• Through Local Self-Government organisations, the public is directly involved in administrative affairs.
• In a democracy, the people have the power to choose their representatives through the voting process.
• The Local Self-Government Institutions include the Three-tier Panchayat systems.
• The term democracy is derived from the Greek words ‘demos’ and ‘krato’.
• Greece and England have special features regarding the origin of democracy.
• Grama Sabha is a meeting of all adults who live in the area covered by Panchayat. This could be only one village or a few villages.
• Direct democracy is a form of democracy where people make law and decide their execution by holding a mass meeting.
• Indirect democracy is a form of democracy where people elect representatives by voting and assigns them powers of decision making.
• Kerala Legislative Assembly is the legislative or law-making body of the State of Kerala.
• The first session of the Kerala Legislative Assembly was held on 27th April 1957.
• 27th April of every year is observed as Legislative Assembly Day.
• Indian citizens aged 18 and above can enroll themselves in voters list.
• The basic feature of democracy is election.
• Election is the process through which rulers are elected in a democratic system.
• Democracy upholds human values and individual liberty.
• By considering children’s opinions and interests, ensures equal opportunities and equality for them.
• Maintaining cleanliness, respecting others’ interests, and obeying public rules follows a democratic lifestyle.

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 5 Let’s Draw and Read Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 5 Let’s Draw and Read Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 5 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
Aji has come to participate in the Kerala School Arts Festival being held in Thrissur district. His family is also with him. Given below is the layout of the venue with them.

i. In which direction should Aji go to reach the venue quickly, from the Programme Committee Office’?
ii. Find where the dining hail is, by checking the layout?
iii. In which direction should one travel from Govt HSS Thrissur to reach the dining hall?
Answer:
i. Go straight towards the Northern direction and turn right towards the East.
ii. West
iii. West

Question 2.
Haven’t you seen the layout maps showing the location of buildings, displayed in front of some institutions? Are such layouts made only to understand the direction?
Answer:
Yes the layout maps displayed in front of institutions like universities. hospitals, shopping malls, and large office complexes. But These layout maps serve several important purposes beyond simply understanding directions, such as safety and emergency planning, finding out the important infrastructure in the building and so on.

Question 3.
How about making a sketch of your classroom?
Answer:

i. In which direction is the door of the classroom?
ii. Where are the windows located?
iii. Where is the Blackboard/Whiteboard fixed?
Answer:
i. East
ii. West
iii. North

Question 4.

Aji is standing near his house facing the rising sun.
i. In which direction is Aji facing?
ii. To which direction has Aji stretched out his right hand? What about his left hand?
iii. Which direction is indicated by Aji’s shadow?
Answer:
i. East
ii. Right Hand – North, Left Hand – South
iii. West

Question 5.

i. In which direction is Aji facing in this Picture?
ii. To which direction is Aji’s right hand stretched out? What about his left hand?
iii. Which direction does Aji’s shadow indicate?
iv. Which is the direction opposite to the direction that Aji faces?
Answer:
i. West
ii. Right Hand – North, Left Hand – South
iii. West
iv. East

Question 6.
What are the things that we should pay attention to while drawing the sketch on a paper or in a book based on the direction?
Answer:
North, South, East, West of the particular sketch, important institutions, landmarks, Emergency Exit areas etc.

Question 7.
Find out the north direction of your classroom. Now, put any symbol indicating direction as shown below on the top right side of the paper in which you prepare the sketch of your classroom.

Answer:

Question 8.
Haven’t you completed the sketch? Prepare an index for things such as windows, door, table etc. as given below and include it in the outline.
D. Door
T. Table
W. Window
B.B Blackboard
WB. Whiteboard
B. Bench
C. Chair
Answer:

Question 9.
The sketch of Aji’s school is given below.
Observe the sketch and complete the table.

Answer:

To which direction of the basketball court is the office building located?	East
To which direction of the basketball court is the entrance of the school located?	South
To which direction of the toilet complex are the library and reading room located?	South
To which direction of the building with the store room is the kitchen located?	North
To which direction should one move from the auditorium to exit through the entrance gate?	South

Question 10.
Haven’t you marked the position of the bench, desk, and blackboard/whiteboard in your classroom on the sketch? How do you tell where you sit in the classroom?
Answer:

• Second on the first bench
• First on the last bench
• Third on the second bench
• Fourth on the first bench

Question 11.
Observe the Figure given below. Write down the position of the house on the ball.

Answer:
House lies between horizontal Lines D and E, Vertical Lines 2 and 3

Question 12.
Check out the titles given to the different maps in the Social Science lab of your school.
Answer:

Question 13.
List the coastal districts to the north of Thrissur and the ones to the south of Thrissur.
Answer:
Coastal districts to the north of Thrissur – Malappuram, Kozhikode, Kannur, Kasargod
Coastal districts to the South of Thrissur – Ernakulam, Alappuzha, Kollam, Thiruvananthapuram

Question 14.
Which state lies to the east of Kerala?
Answer:
Tamil Nadu

Question 15.
Which colour is used to represent water bodies in the globe and the maps?
Answer:
Blue Colour

Question 16.
Exmine the map of kerala and find and Draw the symbols indicating features of the earth’s surface in the given table.
Answer:

Question 17.
Observe the map of Kerala in the Social Science lab of your school and complete the worksheet.

Answer:

The southern most district of Kerala	Thiruvananthapuram
The northern most district of Kerala	Kasaragod
The district which shares its border with two states	Wayanad
The direction in which the Bharatapuzha flows	From east to west
Direction of railway line from Kasaragod to Thiruvananthapuram	From North to South
The neighbouring states of Kerala	Karnataka and Tamil Nadu

Question 18.
Prepare district ID cards and display them in the classroom.
Answer:
Prepare district ID cards as per the sample given below :

Name of the district: Ernakulam Neighbouring Districts: Thrissur, Idukki, Alappuzha, Kottayam Location: The eastern part of kochi city is mainly known as Ernakulam, While the westren part of it after the Venduruthy Bridge is Called as Western kochi Airport: Cochin International Airport Other Features; Ancient Churches, Temples, Synagogues, Mosque and Rivers etc

Question 19.
Kerala is a state in India. Do you know how many states and union territories are there in India?
Answer:
28 states and 8 Union territories

Question 20.
Prepare a list of the states, their capitals and union territories of India.
Answer:

States	Capital	Union Territories
Andhra Pradesh	Amaravati	Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar	Chhattisgarh
Assam	Dispur	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Bihar	Patna	Delhi
Chandigarh	Raipur	Lakshadweep
Goa	Panaji	Puducherry
Gujarat	Gandhinagar	Jammu and Kashmir
Haryana	Chandigarh	Ladakh
Himachal Pradesh	Shimla
Jharkhand	Ranchi
Karnataka	Bangalore
Kerala	Thiruvananthapuram
Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal
Maharashtra	Mumbai
Manipur	Imphal
Meghalaya	Shillong
Mizoram	Aizawl
Nagaland	Kohima
Odisha	Bhubaneshwar
Punjab	Chandigarh
Rajasthan	Jaipur
Sikkim	Gangtok
Tamil Nadu	Chennai
Telangana	Hyderabad
Tripura	Agartala
Uttarakhand	Dehradun
Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow
West Bengal	Kolkata

Question 21.
Complete the table given below by observing the map of India showing borders, states, union territories, neighbouring countries, etc.

Answer:

Hint	Facts
The sea to the east of India	Bay of Bengal
The sea to the west of India	Arabian Sea
The capital of India	New Delhi
The northernmost Union Territory of India	Ladakh
In which part of India is Arunachal Pradesh situated?	Northeast
The neighbouring country to the south of India	Sri Lanka and Maldives
The southernmost union territory of India	Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Neighbouring countries of India	Pakistan Afghanistan China Nepal Bhutan, Bangladesh

Question 22.
Strips with names of Indian states are deposited in a box. Students can form group of three. One from each group can draw a strip from the box. Prepare a note with the help of Atlas and Map about the state mentioned in the strip. What information can be included in the note?
Answer:

• Name of the state
• Capital
• Neighbouring countries
• Neighbouring states
• Major cities
• Major Rivers
• Culture
• Art forms

Question 23.
Through which oceans did Vasco da Gama make his voyage and reach India from Europe? Find these oceans by observing the world map given below.

Answer:
Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Indian Ocean
i. Which are the other oceans?
ii. Are all these oceans lying close to each other?
iii. Observe the globe and find out the largest ocean.
Answer:
i. Pacific Ocean, Southern Ocean
ii. No
iii. Pacific Ocean

Question 24.
Observe the given map and globe to identify the continents.

Answer:
Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia

Question 25.
Which continent is our country, India a part of?
Answer:
Asia

Question 26.
Most of the continents are surrounded by oceans. Which continents are surrounded by oceans?
Answer:
Antarctica and Australia

Question 27.
Observe the given world map. The colours of the respective continents are given. Now, give the corresponding colours of the continents to their images in the map. After giving the colour add the name of the continents also.

Answer:

Question 28.
Complete the worksheet with the help of an Atlas and a World Map.

Answer:

Worksheet
Features	Continent
Continents found to the west of the Atlantic Ocean	North America, South America
Continent to the east of the Indian Ocean	Australia
The largest continent	Asia
The continent found between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean	Africa

Question 29.
Identify and name the Continents

Answer:
A – South America
B – North America
C- Asia
D – Africa
E – Australia
F-Europe
G – Antarctica

Question 30.
Prepare an ID card of Continents.
Answer:

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare a sketch of your school with the help of your teacher. Organise an exhibition of the sketches you prepared.
Answer:
(Hints)

Question 2.
Observe the map of Kerala and List out the major tourist destinations. By using the posibilities of internet, find out the fastest route and distance from your current location to the tourist spots you want to visit.
Answer:

Districts	Tourist Destination
Thiruvananthapuram	Varkala Beach
Kollam	Sasthamkotta Lake
Pathanamthitta	Gavi
Alappuzha	Kuttanad Backwaters
Kottayam	Kumarakom
Idukki	Eravikulam National Park
Ernakulam	Cherai Beach
Thrissur	Athirappilly Waterfalls
Palakkad	Silent Valley National Park
Malappuram	Kadalundi bird Sanctuary
Kozhikode	Kappad Beach
Wayanad	Edakkal Caves
Kannur	Fort St.Angelos
Kasaragod	Bekal Fort

Hints: Find fastest route and distance to your favourite tourist spot by using google map

Question 3.
Draw the sketch of India on a chart. Mark states, capitals and union territories. Give different colours to states and union territories. Display the prepared charts in the class.
Answer:

Question 4.
Organise ‘Kerala-Map Reading Quiz Competition’ with the help of digital technology as part of Kerala Day celebrations on 1st November. What topics can be included in the quiz?
Answer:

• Tourist destinations
• Rivers
• Ports
• Lakes
• Airports
• Places of historical importance
• Celebrations
• Districts
• National parks

Class 5 Social Science Let’s Draw and Read Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define direction.
Answer:
Direction is the particular way to get from one place to another.

Question 2.
Which instrument is used to find Direction?
Answer:
Compass

Question 3.
The direction from where the sun rises to be the ………..
Answer:
East

Question 4.
What is a Globe?
Answer:
Globe is a Spherical model of the Earth.

Question 5.
How does the equator divide the globe?
Answer:
The equator divides the globe into two hemispheres: the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 6.
What are the lines drawn parallel to the equator called?
Answer:
The lines drawn parallel to the equator are called latitude lines.

Question 7.
How is the location of a place on Earth determined?
Answer:
Based on these imaginary lines of latitude and longitude.

Question 8.
What are the lines drawn perpendicular to the lines of latitude called?
Answer:
Longitudinal lines or meridians.

Question 9.
What is a map?
Answer:
A Map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place. usually drawn on a flat surface.

Question 10.
Maps are used in which fields?
Answer:
Different types of maps are used in fields such as geographical studies, defence, tourism, administration, and transport.

Question 11.
Which are the essential elements of a map?
Answer:
Title, Direction, Index

Question 12.
Which are the four major directions?
Answer:
North, South, East, West

Question 13.
What is Continents?
Answer:
Vast stretches of landmasses are called continents

Question 14.
Which tools can be used to find direction, and what is the significance of the direction from where the sun rises?
Answer:
Tools that can be used to find directions include a compass and mobile apps. The direction from where the sun rises is significant because it indicates the east.

Question 15.
How are directions indicated on a map?
Answer:
Directions on a map are usually indicated with a sign showing the north direction, typically seen at the top of wall maps. The bottom of the map points to the south, the right side points to the west, and the left side points to the east. (perspective of wall map)

Question 16.
What is the difference between a sketch and a plan?
Answer:
Plans are prepared based on exact measurements. However, sketches may not have exact measurements.

Question 17.
What is a globe, and what is the name of the line that divides it into two hemispheres?
Answer:
A globe is a spherical model of the Earth. The line that divides it into two hemispheres is called the equator.

Question 18.
Which are the lines that are drawn above and below the equator, and which are the semicircular lines that intersect these lines called?
Answer:
The lines drawn above and below the equator are called latitudes. The semicircular lines that intersect these lines are called longitudinal lines.

Question 19.
What are the essential elements of a map, and what does each element represent?
Answer:
The essential elements of a map include:

• Title: Given at the top of the map, it refers to the content of the map.
• Direction: Includes North, South, East, and West, which can be found using a magnetic compass.
• Index: Helps identify features on the map using different colours to represent various features of the Earth’s surface.

Question 20.
What do you mean by continents, and which are the seven continents?
Answer:
Continents are vast stretches of landmasses. The seven continents are Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.

Question 21.
Differentiate between Globe and Map.
Answer:
A globe is a spherical model of the earth. A Map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn on a flat surface.

Question 22.
Identify A, B, and C marked on the given globe.

Answer:
A- Latitudes
B- Equator
C- Longitudes

Question 7.
Complete the Table

Answer:
a) Airport
b) —————–
c) District headquarters

Std 5 Social Science Let’s Draw and Read Notes

This chapter provides detailed information on the maps and globes, essential tools for understanding our planet. Begins by learning about directions North. South. East, and West and their importance in navigation. The globe, a spherical model of the Earth, and understand how the equator divides it into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Maps provide a flat, symbolic representation of various places and are used in fields like geography. tourism, and disaster management. Also covers the essential elements of a map, including the title, direction, and index. which help us interpret the information shown. Additionally, it explains the seven continents Asia. Africa, North America. South America, Antarctic Europe, and Australia and their significance.

Direction

• Direction is the particular way to get from one place to another.
• The direction from where the sun rises to be the east.
• A compass is commonly used to find the direction.
• A map will usually have a sign indicating the direction.
• A sign indicating the north direction can be seen at the top of the wall maps.
• The bottom of the map points to the south, the right side of the map points to the west, and the left side to the east.(perspective of map)

Globe

• A Globe is a Spherical model of the Earth.
• The line in the centre of the globe is the equator.
• This line divides the globe into two hemispheres namely Northern Hemisphere and Southern hemisphere.
• The lines drawn above and below parallel to the equator are called latitude.
• Semicircular lines drawn perpendicular to the lines of latitudes are longitudinal lines.

Map

• A Map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn on a flat surface.
• Different types of maps are used in fields such as geographical studies, defence, tourism, administration and transport.
• Essential Elements of a Map:
  • Title – It refers to the Content of the Map.
  • Direction – North, South, East and West are the four major directions.
• Index – The index helps to identy the features of the map.
• Vast stretches of landmasses are called Continents.
• Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia are the Seven Continents.

Direction

• Direction is the particular way to get from one place to another.
• A sketch and plan are prepared while constructing a new house or building.
• While preparing the plan of buildings. it also Includes exact measurements. But when sketches are prepared, measurements may not be exact.
• The direction from where the sun rises to be the east.
• A compass is commonly used to find the direction. Nowadays, also use mobile apps to find direction.
• A map will usually have a sign indicating the direction.
• A sign indicating the north direction can be seen at the top of the wall maps.
• The bottom of the map points to the south; the right side of the map points to the west, and the left side to the east. (perspective of Map)
• Symbols commonly used to indicate direction on maps are:
  

Globe

• A Globe is a Spherical model of the Earth.
• The line in the centre of the globe is the equator.
• This line divides the globe into two hemispheres namely Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.
• The Lines drawn above and below parallel to the equator are called latitude.
• Semicircular lines drawn perpendicular to the lines of latitudes or latitudinal lines are longitudinal lines.
• The location of a place on the earth is determined based on these imaginary lines.
  

Map

• A Map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place. usually drawn on a flat surface.
• Different types of maps are used in fields such as geographical studies, defence, tourism, administration and transport.
• When natural disasters like floods. landslides and other catastrophic events occur, maps and route maps are used to reach quickly in such areas and engage in relief operations.
• Map reading has become an essential factor to build up human life in the modern world.
• For Example, a World Map Contains different Continents which include Countries, States, Districts and so on.
  +

Essential Elements of a Map
1. Title

• The title is generally given at the top of the Map
• It refers to the Content of the Map.
  

2. Direction

• North. South, East and Vest are the four major directions.
• A Magnetic Compass ¡s an instrument to find out directions.
  

3. Index

• Index helps to identify the features of the map.
• Different colours are used to represent the features of the earths surface on maps.
• Some important Index seen in the map are:
  

Continents

• Vast stretches of Iandmasses are called continents.
• Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia are the Seven Continents.
  

Let’s Draw and Read Class 5 Notes Pdf

• Direction is the particular way to get from one place to another.
• While preparing the plan of buildings, it also includes exact measurements. But when sketches are prepared, measurements may not be exact.
• The direction from where the sun rises to be the east.
• A compass is commonly used to find the direction. Nowadays, also use mobile apps to find direction.
• A map will usually have a sign indicating the direction.
• A sign indicating the north direction can be seen at the top of the wall maps.
• The bottom of the map points to the south; the right side of the map points to the west, and the left side to the east.
• A Globe is a Spherical model of the Earth.
• The line in the centre of the globe is the equator.
• This line divides the globe into two hemispheres namely Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.
• The lines drawn above and below parallel to the equator are called latitude.
• Semicircular lines drawn perpendicular to the lines of latitudes or latitudinal lines are longitudinal lines.
• The location of a place on the earth is determined based on these imaginary lines.
• A Map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn on a flat surface.
• Different types of maps are used in fields such as geographical studies, defence, tourism, administration and transport.
• When natural disasters like floods, landslides and other catastrophic events occur, maps and route maps are used to reach quickly in such areas and engage in relief operations.
  Essential Elements of a Map :
• Title -The title is generally given at the top of the Map and It refers to the Content of the Map.
• Direction North, South, East and West are the four major directions. A Magnetic Compass is an instrument to find out directions.
• Index – Index helps to identify the features of the map. Different colours are used to represent the features of the earth’s surface on maps.
• Vast stretches of landmasses are called Continents.
• Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia are the Seven Continents.

By reviewing Kerala Syllabus 5th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 5 Social Science Chapter 4 Clothing through the Ages Notes Questions and Answers Kerala SCERT Solutions, students can improve their conceptual understanding.

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 4 Clothing through the Ages Notes Questions and Answers

Class 5 Social Science Chapter 4 Question Answer Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
Observe these pictures.

a) How these living beings survive situations like extreme heat, unbearable cold, etc.?
b) Have you ever thought about the way in which humans faced such situations?
Answer:
a) Fur of goat, feathers of parrot and tortoise’s shell provide protection like a clothing in unfavourable weather conditions.
b)

• The clothing needed for humans had to be shaped with the materials available in nature.
• Woolen jackets and dresses are used to protect from extreme cold.
• Cotton clothes and light coloured clothes are used in summers.
• New born babies are dressed up to maintain their body temperature.

Question 2.
What types of clothing do people use today?
Answer:
People use different types of clothes made of materials like cotton, jute, wool, silk etc., depending upon their culture, climatic condition, occupation and immunity.

Question 3.
How does clothing become useful to us? Complete the list by adding more details.
• Protection from cold
• Protection from heat
• Maintains body temperature
• Protection from insects
Answer:

• Protection from cold
• Protection from heat.
• Maintains body temperature
• Protection from insects
• Protection from germs
• Protection from dust particles and pollutants
• Protection from harmful UV rays from Sun
• Protects our skin from cuts and rashes
• Helps in identifying a specific occupation

Question 4.
Observe the pictures.
What materials did early humans use as clothing?

Answer:

• Bark of trees
• Skin of animals
• Leaves

Question 5.
The making of clothes by early humans was not like that of today. What could be the reason?
Answer:
It is due to lack of different varieties of materials and technology in cloth manufacturing.

Question 6.
Discuss the changes in the textile industry brought about by the introduction of machines.
Answer:

• Increase in production of clothes
• Reduction in human labour
• Diversity in clothing
• Quality clothing
• Spread of clothing
• Less demand for traditional handloom-based clothing
• Less opportunities for traditional handloom cloth manufacturers
• Exploitation of raw materials

Question 7.
Complete the table by finding the organisms and plants from which natural produced.

Answer:

Wool	Sheep
Silk	Silk worm
Cotton	Cotton plant
Jute	Jute plant

Question 8.
Collect scrap pieces of clothes by visiting a tailoring shop in your locality. Differentiate the clothes made from natural fibres and synthetic fibres and paste them on the chart and display them in your class.
Answer:
Steps

• Get Scrap Pieces: Go to a nearby tailor shop and ask for extra pieces of fabric. Most of the time, tailors have a lot of extra pieces from different fabrics.
• Name the Types of Fabric: Sort the pieces of cloth you have collected into two groups: those made of natural fibres and those made of synthetic fibres.
• Natural Fibres: These come from animals or plants. Cotton, wool, silk, and linen are some examples.
  • Touch it: Fabrics made from natural fibres usually feel softer and more comfortable.
  • Look for labels or ask the tailor what kind of fabric it is.
• Synthetic Fibres: These are man made. As an example, polyester, nylon, and other synthetic fibres may feel smoother, shinier, or more stretchy.
• Get the Chart Ready:
  Separate the chart into two parts: one for natural fibres and one for man-made fibres.
  You can make the two parts stand out by drawing a line down the middle or using some other way.
• Put the pieces of fabric together:
  Put each piece of cloth on the right spot on the chart using glue or double-sided tape.
  Leave some room around each piece to write on it.
• Label the Fabrics: Write the name of each type of fabric next to the piece that goes with it. You can also give each type some information, like how it’s usually used, what qualities it has, or where it came from.
• Give it a title and a explanation: Give your chart a name, like “Natural Fibres and Synthetic Fibres.”

Question 9.
Observe the given pictures. Find out the situations in which each type of the clothing is used. Write the corresponding number of the picture in the table given.

Answer:

Climate	Immunity	Authority/Status	Employment
1 6	4	2 3 5	2 3 5

Note: Pictures 2, 3 and 5 represent both authority/status and employment.

Question 10.
Prepare an album by collecting pictures indicating dressing in various situations.
Answer:
(Hints)
To create an album that highlights dressing in various situations, selecting photos that exhibit different styles acceptable for different occasions is necessary. Here’s a possible list of what could be on such an album:
1) Casual Wear: A person wearing comfortable jeans and a T-shirt can be included.

2) Business/ Formal wear: A person wearing a formal suit can be included.

3) Athletic Wear : A person wearing a swimming suit, tennis outfit, etc. can be included.

4) Seasonal Wear: A person wearing cotton clothes, a raincoat, a winter jacket, etc., can be included.

Question 11.
Observe the costumes in the given pictures. Identify the art forms to which they are associated and list them.

Answer:

• Kathakali
• Theyyam
• Mohiniyattam
• Kerala Nadanam
• Oppana
• Chavittunatakam

Question 12.
Discuss the diversity of costumes in various art forms.
Answer:
• Kathakali: Kathakali costumes are colourful and it includes fancy headdresses and bright make¬up. It takes hours to put on the makeup, which is just as complicated and uses natural colours to make unique patterns on the face. The faces of the characters show who they are: heroes have green faces, villains have red faces, and demons have black faces.

• Mohiniyattam: Mohiniyattam dancers wear a simple and beautiful outfit made of off-white or white cloth with gold brocade borders. The outfit usually has a blouse and a sari that is wrapped in a unique way. They also wear traditional jewellery and a flower-covered bun.

• Oppana: Oppana is a traditional Muslim dance style. Women wear clothes like the “Pattu Pavada” (silk skirt) and top, which are often brightly coloured and have lots of gold coloured embroidery on them. Along with traditional jewellery, the dancers w’ear a scarf or shawl.

Question 13.
Discuss and make note about the violation of rights that existed in clothing.
Answer:
• Clothing Limits for Women: Throughout history,many countries had strict rules about what women can wear.In ancient times,certain lower caste women were restricted to wear some types of clothes or jewellery. In the same way,women in some religious countries are forced by law to wear certain clothes,which limits their choice of what to wear.

• Certain laws have been used by many societies throughout history to control what people could wear based on their social rank. In many regions of India, particularly in the southern states, caste-based restrictions were severe. Lower-caste communities, were historically prohibited from wearing certain types of clothing that were reserved for upper-caste people. This made class differences stronger and made it harder for people to move up in society.

Question 14.
How did Charka and khadi clothing become weapon of agitation against the British? Make a poster and display in class.
Answer:
(Hints)
Title: “Charka and Khadi: Spinning Freedom”

• Give the title big and bold at the top.
  • Give the following images:
    a) Charka Picture: A simple, clear drawing of a charkha, which is a spinning wheel.
    b) Khadi Cloth Picture: A picture of plain khadi cloth that was made by hand.
    c) It includes a picture of Mahatma Gandhi spinning khadi on a charkha.
    d) Image of British Cloth.
• Write short notes on charka, khadi, Gandhi’s role, etc.
• Include quotes or slogans.
• Make the poster colourful.

Question 15.
Do you like to wear the same types of clothes all the time? What are your preferences in dressing?
Answer:
Note: This answer can vary based on personal preferences.
No, I don’t like wearing the same type of clothes every day. I enjoy dressing differently for various occasions. I prefer to wear casual attire like jeans or shorts and a T-shirt while going for an outing. I prefer to dress nicely or wear traditional attire, on important occasions like birthdays or festivals. When I go outside or play sports, I prefer wearing track pants or shorts and a jersey.

Question 16.
Organise a discussion on how advertisements, movies, social media etc. influence the choice of clothing.
Answer:
Here are some points that can be used for the discussion.
a) Advertisements:

• Advertisements directly promote certain brands and clothing items and encourage people to buy them.
• Advertisements often influence people’s feelings by saying that buying a certain item of clothing will make them happier, more successful, or more popular.
• Advertisements are now displayed to each person based on their browsing history.
  Examples: Running limited-time deals, showing off the newest fashions, seeing ads for summer clothes after looking for places to go on vacation, etc.

b) Movies:

• Fashion trends are often set by movies by making certain styles popular through their characters.
• People may try to dress like their favourite figures because they see them as models.

c) Social media:

• By showing off different styles and names, fashion bloggers and social media influences help to introduce trends.
• Sites like Instagram and YouTube let people show off their own style, which naturally spreads these trends.
• People can get instant feedback on the clothes they wear on social media, which makes them more likely to follow popular trends.
  Example: rise of certain hashtags, such as #OOTD (Outfit of the Day).

Question 17.
How can we convert used and unwanted clothing into useful materials?
Answer:
a) To make home decor items like artificial flowers, curtains, pillow covers, etc.
b) To make accessories like hair bands, earrings, etc.
c) For art and craft works
d) For donation

Question 18.
Observe the given headlines.

a) Do you use all the clothes you buy?
b) Have you tried making handicrafts from used clothes?
Answer:
a) No. Sometimes I buy clothes because they look cool or because my parents think I need them, but I don’t end up wearing all of them. Some clothes don’t fit after a while, and others just don’t feel right after wearing them a few times.
b) Yes

• Old T-shirts and jeans can be reused to make bright pillow covers with the help of parents.
• Ornaments can be made out of old fabric hits.
• A tote bag can be made out of an old pair of jeans with the help of parents.
• Old cloth strips and elastic bands can be used to make some cute hair scrunchies.

Question 19.
Today, tons of clothes are thrown away all around the world. This adversely affects the environment. The volume of unused and discarded clothes is increasing in our country. How can such clothing be reused?
Answer:
a) We can give things we don’t need as charity.
b) Recycle: Some centres take old clothes and turn them into new fabric or other things.
c) Craft Projects: You can make fun crafts out of old clothes, like stuffed animals, blankets, or tote bags.
d) With a little imagination, we can upcycle old clothes into new fashion items. For example, we could take a long dress and turn it into a skin and top set.

Question 20.
Observe the pictures.

Can we also make such craft products?
Answer:
Yes, it is very simple and interesting to make such beautiful products.

Question 21.
Don’t we feel more proud and confident when we wear our favourite cloth?
Answer:
Yes, wearing our favourite cloth can make us feel more proud and confident. It is a way to express ourselves, feel comfortable, and have positive attitude.

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Visit any handloom centre in your area and gather information about its method of cloth manufacturing.
Answer:
(Hints)
Visit a nearby handloom centre. The general information about a handloom centre is given below

Yarn Preparation:

• Natural fibres like cotton, silk, or wool are spun into yam.
• Yams are dyed in different colours.

Setting Up the Loom:

• Warp threads (lengthwise threads) are set up on the loom.
• Weft threads (horizontal threads) are interlaced w ith the warp threads.

Weaving Process:

• The weaver manually operates the loom to create patterns and designs.
• Different techniques are used to achieve desired textures and patterns.

Finishing:

• The woven cloth is washed to remove any chemicals.
• It is then dried, pressed, and folded.

Quality Check:

• Each piece of cloth is inspected for defects.
• Final adjustments are made to ensure quality.
  Handloom centres keep traditional methods active and often display off patterns that are culturally unique to their area.

Question 2.
Prepare an album based on the topic ‘Diversity of Clothing in Indian States’ by collecting pictures of diverse style of clothing in various states.
Answer:
(Hints)
Materials Needed:

• A4 or A3 size album or scrapbook
• Printed pictures clothing in various states
• Glue or double-sided tape
• Marker pens or fine-tip pens for labeling
• Decorative materials like stickers, tape, etc. (optional)

Steps

• Do some research: get pictures of native clothes from different Indian states.
• Choose states : Pick states like Rajasthan, Kerala, Assam, Gujarat, Punjab, etc. that are known for their unique dressing style.
• Some of the clothes that are worn are sarees, salwar kameez, lehengas, dhotis, kurta-pyjamas, and traditional jewellery and turbans.
• Images: Look for real pictures on cultural websites, in books about Indian customs, or in your own personal collections.
• Arrangement: Put pictures in order by state or type of clothing to show how different and culturally significant they are.
• Below given are few images of different dressing styles which you can add to your album.
  

Question 3.
We live in an age in which a wide variety’ of clothing is readily available. But, the availability of clothes was limited in earlier times. Ask the elders in your family about the changes in clothing and style and make a note.
Answer:
• Getting materials and clothes
Back then, cotton, silk, and wool were commonly used to make clothes. A lot of them were made by hand and in the same region.
Now: Clothes are easy to find in stores or online and come in a lot of different materials, including fake ones.

• Trends and styles
At that time, most people wore native clothes like sarees and dhotis. Styles slowly changed. Now: New trends come out all the time, and fashion changes fast. People like both western and native styles.

• How to Take Care of Clothes
Clothes were washed by hand and dried in the open air. Care was taken to keep special clothes in good shape.
These days, people use dryers and washers. You can get delicate things dry cleaned.

• Festive or unique clothes
When it was that time, clothes for celebrations were made of good materials and had complicated patterns.
Now: For special events, there are a mix of classic and current styles.

• Changes in general
More clothes to choose from and easy access now.
Change from making clothes by hand to artificially made clothes.
Trends in fashion around the world affect what people wear today.

Question 4.
Collect pictures of different art forms and make an album titled ‘Costume Diversity in Art’.
Answer:
Materials needed

• A4 or A3 size album or scrapbook.
• Printed pictures of different art forms showcasing costume diversity.
• Glue or double-sided tape.
• Marker pens or fine-tip pens for labelling.
• Decorative materials like stickers, tape, etc. (optional).

Steps
• Select Art forms and gather Images:
Collect pictures from magazines, books, or print images from the internet. Make sure to choose high-quality images that clearly show the costumes.

• Categorize the Images:
Group the images based on themes such as cultural costumes, historical costumes, theatrical costumes, etc. Alternatively, you can categorize them by the art form or by region.

• Prepare the Album:
Decide on a layout for each page. You can dedicate one page to each category or mix them up to create a diverse presentation. Leave some space around each image for captions and descriptions.

• Attach the Images:
Use glue or double-sided tape to securely attach each picture to the album pages.

• Label the Images:
Write captions for each image, providing information such as:
The name of the art form.
The culture or period it represents.
Any relevant details about the costume (materials, significance, etc.).

Question 5.
Collect old clothes from your home and do craft work with them. Present them in the Social Science Club.
Answer:
• Gather Old Clothes
Collect old clothes from home that you don’t use anymore.

• Choose Simple Crafts:
Tote Bag: Turn an old t-shirt into a bag.
Fabric Flowers: Make flowers from fabric scraps.
Cushion Covers: Use fabric to make new pillow covers.

• Tools and Materials:
Scissors, needle and thread, fabric glue, buttons, and any decorations.

• Crafting Steps:
Tote Bag:
1. Cut off the sleeves of a t-shirt.
2. Sew the bottom closed.
3. Add fabric handles if needed.

• Fabric Flowers:
1. Cut fabric into petal shapes.
2. Layer and glue or sew them together.
3. Add a button in the centre.

• Cushion Covers:
1. Measure and cut fabric to fit your pillow.
2. Sew the edges together, leaving an opening for the pillow.
3. Add buttons or zippers for closure.

Question 6.
Set up a Clothing Collection Centre in the school to collect old and clean clothes and deliver them to old age homes, orphanages and relief camps near your school with the help of the teacher.
Answer:

Talk to Your Teacher:

• Discuss the idea with your teacher and get their support.
• Decide together where to collect clothes and who will help.

Get Permission:

• Ask your principal if you can start a clothes collection for people in need.

Make a Plan:

• Choose a spot in school where students can bring clean, old clothes.
• Decide how long you will collect clothes (like two weeks).

Spread the Word:

• Make posters with dates and where to bring clothes.
• Tell everyone in your class and school about the collection.

Collect Clothes:

• Ask classmates and teachers to donate clothes they don’t wear anymore.
• Put the clothes in boxes or bags in your collection spot.

Sort the Clothes:

• Check that the clothes are clean and not tom.
• Put them into different bags for kids, adults, and others.

Deliver the Clothes:

• With your teacher, take the clothes to old age homes, orphanages, or relief camps nearby.
• Give the clothes to people who need them and make them happy.

Thank Everyone:

• Thank everyone who gave clothes and helped you.

Learn from It:

• Talk about what you learned and how you can help more next time.

Class 5 Social Science Clothing through the Ages Notes Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Cotton and jute had an important role in cloth manufacturing. Why?
Answer:
Cotton are Jute are the important raw materials in cloth manufacturing.
Cotton is used to make clothing all over the world. Cotton obtained from the cotton plant is converted to yams and used to make clothing. Cotton has been cultivated in India since ancient times. Jute is produced from the jute plant. It is a natural fibre.
Most of the world’s jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India. All these indicates the role of cotton and jute in cloth manufacturing.

Question 2.
What are the advantages of using synthetic fibres over natural fibres ?
Answer:
Synthetic fibres are generally less expensive to produce clothes than natural fibres. It also has the advantage of not wrinkling quickly.
The use of synthetic fibres such as polyester and nylon helped to make clothing more durable and cost-effective.

Question 3.
Name one traditional attire commonly worn in South India.
Answer:
Saree

Question 4.
Why is diversity in clothing important?
Answer:
Diversity in clothing shows respect for different cultures and allows people to express their identity.

Question 5.
New trends in clothing reflect changing _______.
Answer:
fashion preferences and styles.

Question 6.
Give an example of a job in the clothing sector in India.
Answer:
Tailors who stitch clothes, fashion stylists who create outfits for celebrities, or textile workers in factories.

Question 7.
(a) Classify the below given materials as natural and synthetic fibres.
Cotton, polyester, jute, Nylon, rayon, silk
(b) Differentiate between natural and synthetic fibres.
Answer:
(a)

Natural fibre	Synthetic fibre
Cotton	Polyester
Jute	Nylon
Silk	Rayon

(b) Natural fibres
Produced from animals and plants.
Synthetic fibres
Produced from chemicals such as petroleum.
Synthetic fibres are generally less expensive to produce clothes than natural fibres. It also has the advantage of not wrinkling quickly.

Question 8.
Observe the pictures given below.
(a) Which civilisation is represented by the statues given below.

(b) Write a note about clothing in Indus Valley.
Answer:
(a) Indus valley civilisation
(b) The Indus Valley was an ancient river valley civilisation that existed in the north western part of India. From the available evidences it is assumed that the people of Indus valley made clothing from cotton and wool. The dressed statues excavated from there reflect the clothing style of the people. It is believed that cotton was traded from here to other regions.

Question 9.
Observe the pictures.

(a) Humans used the materials they got from their surroundings as clothing when they lived by hunting. What materials did early humans use as clothing?
(b) What tools did they use for making clothes?
Answer:
(a) Bark of trees
Animal skin
Leaves

b) Horn and bone of animals were used as needles and tools to make clothes. During the period when polished stones were used as weapons, stone needles helped to sew clothes.

Question 10.
In the early days, fibres collected from the surroundings were used for making clothes.
(a) How are yarns made using fibres?
(b) What do you mean by weaving?
(c) What led to the spread of woven clothes?
Answer:
(a) Fibres were combined and spun to make long yams.
(b) Weaving is the technique of making cloth with these yams.
(c) People realised that clothes woven from yams were better than animal skin. This led to the spread of woven clothes.

Question 11.
Observe the figure.

(a) Production of which fibre is represented by the figure?
(b) What type of fibre ¡s it? How are these fibres obtained ? Give two examples for it.
(c) Where is most of the world’s jute cultivation?
Answer:
(a) Jute
(b) Natural fibre. They are produced from animals and plants.
Examples: Cotton, Silk
(c) Most of the world’s jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India.

Question 12.
Match the following

Silk	Edmund Cartwright
Wool	Cotton plant
Cotton	Silkworm
Spinning jenny	Sheep
Powerloom	James Hargreaves

Answer:

Silk	Silkworm
Wool	Sheep
Cotton	Cotton plant
Spinning jenny	James Hargreaves
Powerloom	Edmund Cartwright

Question 13.
(a) What do you mean by handloom clothes?
(b) Write the name of any two handloom centres in Kerala.
(c) Mechanisation in cloth manufacturing had a positive impact on textile sector but it affected the handloom sector. Justify the statement.
Answer:
(a) Handloom clothes are clothes woven on handloom using yams.
(b) Balaramapuram in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kuthampulli in Thrissur district
(c) Increase in production of clothes, reduction in human labour, diversity in clothing, quality clothing are some of the positive impacts of mechanisation in cloth manufacturing. But it reduced the demand for handloom clothes which in turn made their lives miserable.

Question 14.
Identify the machines given below and write a note on them.

Answer:
(i) Spinning jenny
(ii) Powerloom
The spinning jenny
The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreaves. The handmade yam production was not enough to meet the demand of the textile industry at that time. The invention of the Spinning Jenny accelerated the production of yam.

Powerloom
Powerloom was invented by Edmund Cartwright. The power loom is operated either with the help of electricity or some other energy source. A powerloom can produce more cloth much faster than a handloom.

Question 15.
What are the changes brought by Europeans in the textile sector of India?
Answer:
The Europeans travelled to different parts of the world in search of markets, to sell the clothes produced as a result of mechanisation. As part of it, they reached India also. They took the raw materials needed for the textile industry from India to Europe. Clothes they produced there with the help of machines were sold in India. They colonised India and took the raw materials from here to their lands.

Question 16.
The changes in the society also had a significant impact on the cloth manufacturing. Write a note on this impact caused in cloth manufacturing.
Answer:
The changes in the society also had a significant impact on the cloth manufacturing. The increase in demand for clothing led to the development of more advanced weaving machines. Production increased with the help of machines. Clothes with better quality and variety reached more people. Artificial dyes began to be used to colour clothes.

Question 17.
State True or False.
a) In some workplaces, w omen have faced discrimination for wearing traditional attire.
b) Discrimination based on clothing does not violate fundamental rights in India.
c) Mahatma Gandhi promoted Khadi as a way to stop buying British goods and help Indians become more independent.
d) Trends in clothing never change over time.
e) Traditional clothing in India is influenced by regional cultures. uaralGoao sxm Answer:
a) True
b) False
c) True
d) False
e) True

Question 18.
a) Changes in clothing style show how fashion evolves with _______
b) How has clothing style changed over time in India?
c) Classify the following in the table below.
Shorts, Sweaters, Raincoats, Cotton Kurtas, Jackets
Answer:
a) Time and culture.
b) Earlier, people wore mainly traditional clothes, but now they also wear modern clothes influenced by global fashion.
c)

Winter	Summer	Monsoon
Sweaters	Shorts	Raincoats
Jackets	Cotton Kurtas

Question 19.
a) Identify the movement related to the given picture.

b) Differentiate between ‘The Swadeshi Movements and ‘The Khadi movement’.
Answer:
a) The Khadi Movement

b) The Swadeshi Movement was started on 7th August 1905 as a part of India’s freedom struggle. Its aim was to boycott the British-made goods and to promote the production and use of Indian- made goods.
The Khadi movement was started in India in 1918 under the leadership of Gandhiji. Khadi has a distinctive place in the history of India’s freedom struggle. As the Khadi Movement gained momentum the sound of’Charka’ rose from Indian Villages. Then, the khadi clothing spread all over India.

Question 20.
a) Provide an example of discrimination in clothing in Indian society.
b) Explain ‘Upper Cloth Agitation’.
Answer:
a) In earlier times, people from lower castes are prohibited from wearing certain types of clothing.
b) During the early 19th century, a certain section of the women in Southern Travancore made a protest for the right to cover the upper part of their body. At that time only women who were said to belong to the upper caste had the right to wear the upper clothes as they wished. Women of the so called lower castes did not have the right to cover the upper part of their body in front of the upper castes. This protest is known in history as Upper Cloth Agitation.

Question 21.
Justify the statements.
a) “India exhibits a rich diversity of clothing styles influenced by regional cultures.”
b) “Traditional dance costumes in India are designed to reflect the cultural heritage of each region.”
Answer:
a) India is a big country with many different regions, each of which has its own distinct culture and traditions. This rich diversity makes India a very colorful and interesting country when it comes to clothing. This is why people in different parts of India wear different types of clothes.

b) In South India, traditional dance costumes like Bharatanatyam costumes are known for their bright colours, elaborate temple jewellery, and unique ways of covering the body. These parts not only make the dance look better, but they also represent the rich culture of Tamil Nadu and other southern states. Similarly, Kathakali costumes from Kerala include fancy headdresses, bright makeup for the faces, and costumes that represent characters from Hindu mythology. These costumes show off Kerala’s cultural heritage.

Question 22.
a) What is fashion designing?
b) Why is it important for a fashion designer to understand trends?
Answer:
a) Fashion design is the art and process of making new clothes and other items. It includes drawing out patterns, picking out fabrics, and choosing colours and patterns.
b) Fashion designers can make designs that people will like if they know what is the current trend. By following fashion trends, designers can guess what styles will be popular and make sure their collections are both stylish and sellable.

Question 23.
a) “Changing beauty concepts and cultural diversities influence the style of contemporary clothing”. Justify the statement.
b) Name some craft items that we can make using clothes.
Answer:
a) Changing beauty concepts and cultural diversities influence the style of contemporary clothing because what people consider beautiful and stylish often changes over time and varies in different cultures. If we observe the historical timeline of clothing, we can see that in the early days, protection of body was given importance. Following that, the geography and climate influenced manufacturing of clothes and style of clothing. So, what we wear today might look very different from what people wore in the past or what people in other parts of the world wear.

b) Hair accessories, tote bags, cushion covers, stuffed animals, home decors, etc.

Question 24.
a) Complete the picture.

b) Name a natural dye.
Answer:
a)
b) Indigo

Question 25.
a) Clothing, which is one of the basic human needs, should be available to all sections of the society”. Justify this statement.
b) How can clothing help people express their culture?
Answer:
a) Clothing is a basic need that protects, comforts, and shows respect for others. Making sure that everyone can get the clothes they need is an important part of protecting basic human rights and promoting social equality. Not having the right clothes on can make one sick, make one look bad in public, and make it harder to fully join in society. By letting everyone wear clothes, we help make our community more open, fair, and healthy, so everyone can live with respect and honour.

b) Clothing can help people express their culture by allowing them to wear traditional outfits that represent their heritage, customs and celebrations.

Question 26.
Observe the image.

a) Who issued this proclamation?
b) What is the importance of this proclamation?
c) When and where did the ‘Upper Cloth Agitation’ happen?
Answer:
a) This proclamation was issued by Uthram Tirunal Marthandavarma, the then king of Travancore.
b) This proclamation granted the right to women of the so-called lower castes of southern Kerala to wear the upper clothes. It reveals that the caste system existed at that time prevented certain sections of the people from wearing clothes as they wish.
c) The ‘Upper Cloth Agitation” happened in the early 19th century in Southern Travancore.

Std 5 Social Science Clothing through the Ages Notes

For thousands of years, clothes have been an important part of life. People have been making clothes for a very long time. They make clothes not only to stay warm and safe but also to show off their culture and talent. People’s clothes changed a lot over time. People used simple things like animal skins and leaves to make clothes a long time ago. Later, they learned how to use plants like flax and cotton to make clothes. People wore brighter and more decorated clothes as their societies grew. Once we reached the modern age, fashion began to change quickly. New styles carne and went quickly. There are now a huge number of clothes available for all occasions, made from a huge number of materials and in an infinite number of styles. This chapter ‘clothing through the ages helps us to understand how people lived, what they cared about, and how they expressed themselves.

Towards Weaving

• Fibres were combined and spun to make long yarns. ¡t is the technique of making cloth with these yarns.
• Handloom, Spinning jenny, Powerloom were the different methods used for weaving.
• The Indus Valley was an ancient river valley civilisation that existed in the north western part of India.
• The people of Indus valley made clothing from cotton and wool. The dressed statues excavated from there reflect the clothing style of the people.
• Cotton is used to make clothing all over the world. Cotton obtained from the cotton plant is converted to yarns and used to make clothin.
• Jute is produced from the jute plant. It is a natural fibre. Most of the world’s jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India.
• Both natural and synthetic fibres are used to manufacture clothes.
• Natural fibres are produced from animals and plants.
  Example: Cotton, Jute
• Synthetic libres are produced from chemicals such as petroleum.
  Example: Polyester, Nylon

Diversity in clothing

• The weather. traditions power roles, jobs. and differences ¡n regions all affect what people wear.
• Most of us choose clothes that are comfortable to wear and that are good for the weather.
• A lot of different kinds of clothes are used in the arts.
• ‘Upper cloth started during the early 19th century in Southern Travancore. Women from certain sections made a protest for the right to cover the upper part of their body. Women of the so-called lower castes did not have the right to cover the upper part of their body in from of the upper castes.
• Cloth has been used in the past as a weapon against various forms of exploitation.
• In India’s Freedom Movement, as a part of the struggle. Gandhiji made khadi and charka and boycotted foreign goods by making and wearing indigenous clothes.
• Gandhiji encouraged khadi clothes made by spinning in the charka and exhorted people wear khadi clothes.
• In this way, Gandhiji turned the freedom struggle into a mass movement by making clothes as a weapon of struggle.
• The Swadeshi Movement was started on 7th August 1905 as a part of India’s freedom struggle.
• Its aim was to boycott the British-made goods and to promote the production and use of Indian made goods.
• The Khadi Movement was started in India in 1918 under the leadership of Gandhiji.
• As the Khadi Movement gained momentum the sound of ‘Charka’ rose from Indian Villages. Then, the khadi clothing spread all over India.

New trends in clothing

• Every day, not only the ways that clothes are made but also how they look, how they are worn, and how they are designed, changes.
• Today’s clothes are largely based on personal tastes, hobbies, and ease of use.
• Movies, commercials, social media, and other things have a big effect on what people wear.
• Changing beauty standards and cultural diversity affect modern fashion.
• Today fashion designing has grown into a field of study with immense employment potential.
• A lot of employment opportunities are opening up today in the fields like fashion designing and embroidery.
• Designing, weaving, sewing. embroidery, dyeing, etc. are some employment sectors in cloth manufacturing.

Towards weaving

• Weaving is the technique of making cloth with yarns. Handloom, Spinning jenny,Powerloom were the different methods used for weaving.
• The people of Indus valley made clothing from cotton and wool.
• Cotton is used to make clothing all over the world. Cotton obtained from the cotton plant is converted to yarns and used to make clothing.
• Jute is produced from the jute plant. It is a natural fibre. Most of the world’s jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India.
• The increase in demand for clothing led to the development of more advanced weaving machines.
  Production increased with the help of machines. Clothes with better quality and variety reached more people. Artificial dyes began to be used to colour clothes.
• Both natural and synthetic fibres are used to manufacture clothes.
• Natural fibres are produced from animals and plants.
  Example :Cotton ,Jute
• Synthetic fibres are produced from chemicals such as petroleum.
  Example : Polyester,Nylon

Humans used the materials they got from their surroundings as clothing when they lived by hunting. They used grass, bark of trees (Maravuri) and hide (animal skin) for making clothes. Horn and bone of animals were used as needles and tools to make clothes. During the period when polished stones were used as weapons, stone needles helped to sew clothes. They also made clothes by cleaning and softening animal skin and fur.

Weaving
In the early days, fibres collected from the surroundings were used for making clothes. Fibres were
combined and spun to make long yarns. Weaving is the technique of making cloth with these yams.

Clothing in the Indus Valley

• The Indus Valley was an ancient river valley civilisation that existed in the north western part of India.
• The people of Indus valley made clothing from cotton and wool.
• The dressed statues excavated from there reflect the clothing style of the people.
  
• It is believed that cotton was traded from here to other regions.

Development of weaving

• Gradually, the technique of weaving became more developed.
• In the early days, clothes were made by hands using yarns from cotton and jute.
• They realised that clothes woven from yams were better than animal skin. This led to the spread of woven clothes.
  
• The method of making cloth using wooden looms was developed later.
• The increase in the need of clothing led to the invention of weaving equipment. This helped to increase the speed of weaving.

Handloom

• Handloorn clothes are clothes woven on handloom using yarns.
• The invention of handloom was a breakthrough in the field of cloth manufacturing.
  
• Clothes were coloured with a dye made from indigo plant. The technique of weaving became more popular over the years.

Common raw materials in textile industry

Cotton

• Cotton is used to make clothing all over the world.
• Cotton obtained from the cotton plant is converted lo yarns and used to make clothes.
• Cotton has been cultivated in India since ancient times.
  

Jute

• Jute is produced from the jute plant. It is a natural fibre.
• Most of the worlds jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India.
• Large quantities of jute were taken from India by foreigners for the textile industry.
  

Indigo
In the early days. a dye made from the indigo plant was used to colour clothes. Later various pigment were mixed with indigo, to make different colours.

Major handloom centres in Kerala

• Balaramapurarn in Thiru’ananthapuram district
• Kuthampulli in Thrissur district and Kannur

New machines in the field of cloth manufacturing
The progress in science has led Lo the invention of new machines in the Íield of cloth manufacturing.

Spinning jenny
The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreaves. The handmade yarn production was not enough to meet the demand of the textile industry at that time. The invention of the spinning jenny accelerated the production of yarn.

Powerloom
The rise in population increased the demand for clothing. New machines became a part of weaving.
It reduced the human effort. The handloorn was later replaced by the power loom.
Powerloom was invented by Edmund Cartwright. The powerloom is operated either with the help of electricity or some other energy source. A powerloom can produce more cloth much faster than a handloom.

The Europeans travelled to different parts of the world in search of markets, to sell the clothes produced as a result of mechanisation. As part of it, they reached India also. They took the raw materials needed for the textile industry from India to Europe. Clothes they produced there with the help of machines were sold in India.

The Europeans
Europe is one of the seven continents. The people of this continent arc called the Europeans. The Portuguese (Portugal), the Dutch (Netherlands), the English (England) and the French (France) came to India from Europe for trade. They colonised India and took the raw materials from here to their lands. Among them, the English colonised India for the longest period. The changes in the society also had a significant impact on the cloth manufacturing. The increase in demand for clothing led to the development of more advanced weaving machines. Production increased with the help of machines. Clothes with better quality and variety reached more people. Artificial dyes began to be used to colour clothes. The colour varieties found in most of our clothing we use today were made by mixing these types of dyes.

Fibres

• Both natural and synthetic fibres are used to manufacture clothes.
• Natural fibres are produced from animals and plants.
• The discovery of synthetic fibres led to the production of clothes of different textures and qualities.
• The use of synthetic fibres such as polyester and nylon helped to make clothing more durable and cost-effective.
  

Diversity in clothing

• We wear different clothes in different situations.
• The weather, traditions, power roles, jobs, and differences in regions all affect what people wear.
• Most of us choose clothes that are comfortable to wear and that are good for the weather.
• A lot of different kinds of clothes are used in the arts.
• A protest called Upper Cloth Agitation took place in the early 19th century in Southern Travancore.
• where women protested for the right to cover their upper bodies.
• Gandhiji used clothing as a tool to create a mass movement for independence.
• As part of India’s Freedom Movement, Gandhiji made khadi and charka and refused to buy foreign goods by wearing and making his own clothes.
• Charka symbolised the Swadeshi nìoement (7th August 1905) during the Indian liberation struggle.
• After the Khadi Movement (1918), khadi clothes spread all over India.

Climate, customs, positions of power, employment and regional differences influence clothing. This variety can be seen not only in clothing but also in jewellery, hats and footwear. Nowadays, a lot of diversities and similarities can be seen in clothing and style of dressing. Most of us choose clothing suitable for climate and comfort for conveyance. Diversity of clothing is also widely seen in the field of arts.

Discrimination in clothing

Proclamation

This is a proclamation issued by Uthram Tirunal Marthandavarma. the then king of Travancore, in 1859, granting the right to women of the so-called lower castes of southern Kerala to wear the upper clothes. This proclamation reveals that the caste system that existed at that time prevented certain sections of the people from wearing clothes as they wished.

Tray ancore

• It was a princely state in British India comprising most of southern Kerala, a small part of central Kerala and Kanyakumari district, which is now a part of Tamil Nadu.
• The Travancore state expanded during the reign of Anizham Tirunal Marthandavarma in mid 18th century.
• With the formation of the state of Kerala in 1956. this princely state became a part of Kerala.

Upper Cloth Agitation
During the early 19th century. a certain section of the women in Southern Tray ancore made a protest for the right to cover the upper part of their body. At that time, only women who were said to belong to the upper caste had the right to wear the upper clothes as they wished. Women of the so called lower castes did not have the right to cover the upper part of their body in front of the upper castes. This protest is known as Upper Cloth Agitation.

Cloth as a weapon of agitation

• Cloth has been used in the past as a weapon against various forms of exploitation.
• In India’s Freedom Movement, as a part of the struggle, Gandhiji made khadi and charka and boycotted foreign goods by making and wearing indigenous clothes.
• He encouraged khadi clothes made by spinning in the charka and exhorted people to wear khadi clothes.
• In this way, Gandhiji turned the freedom struggle into a mass movement by making clothes as a weapon of struggle.
• Charka became a symbol of the Swadeshi movement in the Indian freedom struggle.
• Wearing khadi clothes and khadi caps became a symbol of patriotism.
  

The Swadeshi Movement

• It was started on 7th August 1 905 as a part of Indias freedom struggle.
• Its aim was to boycott the British-made goods and to promote the production and use of Indian-made goods.
• August 7, which marked the beginning of the Swadeshi movement, has been observed as National Handloom Day in India since 2015.

The Khadi Movement

• It was started in India in 1918 under the leadership of Gandhiji.
• As the Khadi Movement gained momentum the sound of ‘Charka’ rose from Indian Villages.
• Then, the khadi clothing spread all over India.

Clothing through the Ages Class 5 Notes Pdf

• Fibres were combined and spun to make long yarns. It is the technique of making cloth with* these yams.
• Flandloom, Spinning jenny,Powerloom were the different methods used for weaving.
• The Indus Valley was an ancient river valley civilisation that existed in the north western part of India.
• The people of Indus valley made clothing from cotton and wool. The dressed statues excavatedfrom there reflect the clothing style of the people.
• Cotton is used to make clothing all over the world. Cotton obtained from the cotton plant is converted to yams and used to make clothing.
• Jute is produced from the jute plant. It is a natural fibre. Most of the world’s jute cultivation is on the fertile banks of the river Ganges in India.
• Both natural and synthetic fibres are used to manufacture clothes.
• Natural fibres are produced from animals and plants.
  Example: Cotton, Jute
• Synthetic fibres are produced from chemicals such as petroleum.
  Example: Polyester, Nylon
• The weather, traditions, power roles, jobs, and differences in regions all affect what people wear.
• Most of us choose clothes that are comfortable to wear and that are good for the weather.
• A lot of different kinds of clothes are used in the arts.
• ‘Upper Cloth Agitation’ started during the early 19th century in Southern Travancore. Women from certain sections made a protest for the right to cover the upper part of their body. Women of the so-called lower castes did not have the right to cover the upper part of their body in front of the upper castes.
• In India’s Freedom Movement, as a part of the struggle, Gandhiji made khadi and charka and boycotted foreign goods by making and wearing indigenous clothes.
• Gandhiji encouraged khadi clothes made by spinning in the charka and exhorted people to wear khadi clothes.
• The Swadeshi Movement started on 7th August 1905 as a part of India’s freedom struggle. Its aim was to boycott the British-made goods and to promote the production and use of Indian- made goods.
• The Khadi Movement started in India in 1918 under the leadership of Gandhiji.
• As the Khadi Movement gained momentum the sound of ‘Charka’ rose from Indian Villages. Then, the khadi clothing spread all over India.
• Today’s clothes are largely based on personal tastes, hobbies, and ease of use.
• Movies, commercials, social media, and other things have a big effect on what people wear.
• Changing beauty standards and cultural diversity affect modem fashion.
• Today fashion designing has grown into a field of study with immense employment potential.
• Designing, weaving, sewing, embroidery, dyeing, etc. are some employment sectors in cloth manufacturing.