Plus Two

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2023 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two English Board Model Paper 2023 with Answers

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Maximum : 80 scores

Questions 1-8. Answer all questions. Each carries 1 score. (8 × 1 = 8)

Throughout Africa, women are the primary caretakers, holding significant responsibility for tilling the land and feeding their families. As a result, they are often the first to become aware of environmental damage as resources become scarce and they are incapable of sustaining their families. The women we worked with recounted that, unlike in the past, they were unable to meet their basic needs. This was due to the degradation of their immediate environment as well as the introduction of commercial farming, which replaced the growing of household food traps.

Question 1.
Who is the speaker?
Answer:
Wangari Maathai is the speaker
Question 2.
Who are the primary caretakers of Africa, according to the passage?
Answer:
The primary caretakers of Africa, according to the passage, are women. They hold significant responsibility for tolling the land and feeding their families.

Question 3.
Why did the African women fail to meet their basic needs?
Answer:
The African women failed to meet their basic needs because of the degradation of their immediate environment and the introduction of commercial farming, which replaced the growing of household food crops.

Question 4.
Which word in the passage indicates the meaning ‘to describe how something happened’ or ‘to recall remember something’?
Read the following lines of the poem ‘Any woman’ and answer the questions:
I am their wall against all danger,
Their door against the wind and snow,
Thou whom a woman laid in a manger,
Take me not till the children grow!
Answer:
Recounted

Question 5.
What does the poet mean when she says, “Thou whom a woman laid in a manger, Take me not till the children grow!”
Answer:
She is praying to Jesus not to let her die till her children grow up. “Whom a woman laid in a manger” refers to Jesus as Mary gave him birth in a manger in Bethlehem.

Question 6.
What is the symbolic significance of the phrase ‘wind and snow?
Answer:
“Wind and snow” are symbolic of the difficulties, problems and crises of life.

Question 7.
Identify the figure of speech in the line ‘I am their wail against all danger?’
Answer:
Metaphor.

Question 8.
What do you mean by the word ‘manger’?
Answer:
Manger is a long trough in a stable, from which cattle feed.

Questions 9-12. Answer any three questions. Each carries 2 scores. (3 × 2 = 6)

Question 9.
What’s ‘Horegallu’ and what is it meant for?
Answer:
A horegallu is a stone bench. It helps tired persons to sit down and rest for sometime so that they can regain their energy.

Question 10.
“I always compare women to matchboxes.” Why does Ashapurna Debi say so?
Answer:
Ashapurnma Debi says so because like matchboxes women too have enough gunpowder to make a hundred Lankas burn. But they sit around meek and innocent in the kitchen, in the pantry, in the bed room, in fact in any place.

Question 11.
What is the humour and sarcasm in the story “Crime and Punishment”? Explain.
Answer:
There is humour and sarcasm in the story. When we hear the word crime, we think of a big robbery, rape or murder. But here the crime is the simple antics of a prankster. There is humour and sarcasm when the parents talk of the boy as a wingless angel, with dimples, smiles and sweetness. The most humorous part is when the teacher is acting like a stationmaster and when he is running after the boy in the garden to catch him.

Question 12.
You are participating in a debate on the topic “Environmental conservation is more important than economic growth.” Write two arguments in favour of the topic.
Answer:

1. Environment conservation is certainly moreimportant than economic growth. Only if the environment is clean and healthy we will be able to live in it.
2. Life comes first. Economic growth is secondary. The primary thing is that we should be alive and well and then only we can think of economic growth. So the priority should go to environment conservation.

Questions 13 -19. Answer any five questions. Each carries 4 scores. (5 × 4 = 20)

Question 13.
There is people who is daring enough to go for any extent to pursue there dreams.
Answer:
There are people who dare to go to any extent to pursue their dreams.

Question 14.
Comment on the aptness of the title of the poem ‘This is going to Hurt Just a Little Bit.”
Answer:
The title of the poem is very apt. The title is: “This is Going to Hurt Just a Little Bit”. But the fact is it is going to hurt a lot! The title itself is an exaggeration as the poet makes the pain of going to a dentist much less than it actually is. I would also say the title is a bit too long.

Question 15.
The Postal Assistant in the play “Post Early for Christmas” quits her job commenting “I am going down the road to work at the animal dispensary. Animals don’t do such silly things.” Do you think it was an approproate remark on the part of a responsible official like the Postal Assistant? Express your opinion in a paragraph.
Answer:
The Postal Assistant quits her job commenting “I am going down the road to work at the animal dispensary. Animals don’t do such silly things. Mt is true that her patience was tested by many rude customers. One man comes and ask^her where he can buy stamps. Another person wants a pint of beer. Mrs. Jones talks rudely to her. The old deaf man can’t hear properly and he too gets angry. An old lady comes there thinking that it is a vet’s clinic. And then comes the tourist with his ticking parcel. All these people annoy her. But I think as a responsible official she must be able to overcome such annoyances. She should know that people are different and they behave differently. Not everyone in this world is polite and good mannered.

Question 16.
Elaborate the idea in the line “Good fences make good neighbours” from the poem “Mending Wall”?
Answer:
Good fences make good neighbours means it is good to have some limits between neighbours so that their relations will remain healthy at all times. If there is unlimited freedom between neighbours, trouble will soon start. Suppose you grow goats in your house. Your neighbour has a vegetable garden. If there is no fence your goats will go and eat up the vegetables of your neighbour. Will he like it? Suppose your neighbour’s children come and open your fridge and eat up all the good food you have kept there. Will you like it? So there must be some boundaries between neighbours and only then there will be good relations.

Question 17.
You are doing a project on “Social Entrepreneurship”. If you are given the opportunity to interview the social activist Shaheen Mistri, what would you ask her?
Answer:
a) Madam, I understand that you grew up in 5 different countries as your father was a senior banker with Citigroup. Why did you decide to enrol at the University of Mumbai?

b) You founded the first Akanksha which means “aspiration” centre in 1989 with just 15 children. How did the project grow so big? Who funded your project?

c) You are the CEO of “Veach for India”. Please tell us how it works and what are its goals?

d) Do the State and the Central Government help you in your endeavours? Do you get the full support of the communities around?

e) What are your future plans?

Question 18.
Use the appropriate phrasal verbs to fill in the blanks: (break out, run out, called off, keep up)
a) A friend of mine has her wedding.
b) Your website has helped me a lot to the good work.
c) Don’t smoke in the forest. Fires easily at this time of the year.
d) I am afraid; we have of apple juice. Will an orange juice do?
Answer:
(a) Called off
(b) keep up
(c) break out
(d) run out

Question 19.
“One of the most sincere forms of respect is actually listening to what another has to say” – Byrant H.McGill. Attempt a character sketch of the narrator’s grandfather in the light of the above statement with special emphasis on “Horegallu” by Sudha Murty.
Answer:
The statement by Bryant H. McGill “One of the most sincere forms of respect is actually listening to what another has to say” is very true. The narrator’s grandfather in the story “Horegallu” by Sudha Murty amply proves this assertion. A horegallu is a stone bench. It helps tired persons to sit down and rest for sometime so that they can regain their energy. Sudha’s grandfather was a retired school teacher.

He would spend hours sitting underthe banyan tree, on the horegallu there, talking to those resting there. Most of them told him their troubles and pains. He could hardly have done anything to solve their problems. But by patiently listening to them he was relieving them to a great extent. He was a horegallu on which the tired people unburdened their burdens.

Questions 20-25. Answer any five. Each carries 6 scores.

Question 20.
Prepare a profile of ‘Droupadi Murmu’ using the following hints:

Droupadi Murmu  15th President First person belonging to the tribal community to hold the office Yougest person to occupy the post of the President Born : 20 June, 1958 Birth place : Baidaposi village ofMayurbanj district Profession : Teacher Education : Ramadevi Women’s University Prevkus offices : Indian Politician, Governor of Jharkhand (2015-21), held various posts in the cabinet of Government of Odisha (2000-2004)

Answer:
Droupadi Murrnu is the 15th President of the Republic of India. She is the first person belonging to a tribal community to hold the office of the President. She is also the youngest person to occupy that elevated post. She was born on 20 June 1958, at Baidaposi village of Mayurbanj district of Odisha State in eastern India. She obtained her B.A. degree from Rama Devi Women’s University. She worked as a teacher. She was an Indian politician, and a social worker. She served as the Governor of Jharkhand during the period 2015-2021. During the years between 2000 and 2004 she held various posts in the Cabinet of Odisha.

Question 21.
Prepare a Blurb, using the following hints:
(Blurb is the description of a book on its back cover. It is a brief summary of the book designed for marketing).

THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS Novel by Arundhati Roy Published-1997 Language – English Awards – Booker Prize Genre-Novel Arundhati Roy’s debut novel Story about her childhood experiences The novel explores how small, seemingly insignificant things shape people’s behaviour and their lives. Tells the story of a family of Aymanam in Kerala.

Answer:
The world famous English language novel “The God of Small Things” by Arundhati Roy was first published in 1997. Although it was it was Arundhati Roy’s debut novel, it brought her the Booker prize. The novel is semi autobiographical, as it talks about the narrator’s childhood experiences. It tells the story of a family of Aymanam in the State of Kerala. The novel explores how small, seemingly insignificant things shape pepple’s behaviour and their lives. The novel has been translated into many languages.

Question 22.
“The Sun is shining, the flowers are in bloom, I know these are signs of a good day, ………… but I don’t feel it here” said a rehabilitated drug addict pressing his chest. Write a blog expressing your,thoughts on the above lines.
Answer:
“The sun is shining, the flowers are in bloom. I know these are signs of a good, day… .but I don’t feel it in here!” This is the lament of^dnug addict. Drug addiction is a big problem today. The pity is that many youths are the victims of this menaced The most common signs and symptoms of drug addiction are – obsession with certain substances or psychedelic drugs, loss of control over their use, abandoning the activities which one used to enjoy, and even refusing to love the family members.

Drug addiction may have long term impact on life and one may develop severe symptoms such as fatigue, trembling, depression, anxiety, headache, insomnia, chills and sweating, paranoia, behaviour changes, dilated pupils, poor, coordination problems, nausea, and so on. Even after rehabilitation, some ofr these problems continue to be with the addict for some more time.

A lot of people do not realize the damage caused by drug addiction because the short term effects are not apparent at first. The long lasting effects of drug addiction may not be known to the addict. If treatment is not sought in time, the physical and emotional health of that person will deteriorate. The best we can say is “Prevention is better than cure.”

Question 23.
You have dreams of setting up a business of your owrysoon after studies. You are greatjy inspired by Irfan Alam’s views and ideas. Draft a letter of enquiry to SammaaN Foundation seeking clarifications
regarding financial investment of the organization, mode of operation, security of the members etc.
Answer:
201, Azad Road
Iririjalakuda North P.O.
PIN 680 125
District Thrissur Kerala
14 April 2023

Mr. Irfan Alam
Chairman
SammaaN Foundation
Kalina
Mumbai – 28.

Subject: Enquiry regarding Membership to SammaaN Foundation
Dear Sir,
I am a student, currently doing my +2 in Government Higher Secondary School, Irinjalakuda. I do not have plans to go for higher studies as my parents can’t afford to send me to any college. So l think of setting up a business of my own after I finish my +2 Exams this year, 2023.

I read about you and about the activities of SammaaN Foundation. I was much impressed by the story of your success. Emulating you, I want to set up a small workshop for repairing autos in my town. For this I need funds. I understand that you help members of the SammaaN Foundation for start-ups. If I want to become a mem ber of the Foundation, what is the investment I have to make? How do you assure the financial security of the members? Can I get a loan from you? Up to what amount can I expect such a loan?

Please do let me have your reply at your earliest convenience. You can contact me on my mobile No. 8547033333 or at my e-mail abdukutty@hotmail.com.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
M.C. Abdukutty

Question 24.
“Bring out the elements of satire in the poem “Rice”, highlighting the changes in the attitude of people with the changing times.
Answer:
Chemmanam Chacko is a master satirist. In his poem “Rice”, he highlights the changes in the attitude of people with the changing times. The narrator went to North India and made research for four years and, then he got a PhD for his work on making toys with husk. When he left for his research, there was a lot of husk in his own house and also in the places around as his own father and others cultivated rice. But when he returns with his doctorate, he finds there is no husk as all the rice farmers started cultivating rubber and other commercial products for the market.

We hear his father saying that he has stopped cultivating rice. Only fools will try rice farming for any gain. Rubber money is better. The government gives rice to those who have no paddy fields. The narrator wants to eat athikira rice but the younger brother brings the ration for the household and the ration consists of only wheat. The Chief Minister is flying like an arrow to the Centre to clamour for more grains. The narrator asks, “Can we get some husk from the Centre to make toys with it?” This is really bitter as we know he has a doctorate in toy-making with husk.

Question 25.
Mr. Gresham, the owner of the bank has been arrested for misappropriating the funds of the depositors. The media reported this news. Prepare a newspaper report of the incident.

VACANCY Senior Assistant Research and Development Wing SammaaN Foundation, Chanakyapuri, Kisan Marg, New Delhi -11. Qualification : Post graduation in any discipline Age : Between 22 and 32 The incumbent should have: good communication skill should be well groomed, friendly and energetic previous experience will be an added advantage. Interested candidates should submit theii application and resume.

Answer:
JOHN GRESHAM ARRESTED
John Gresham, the owner of the bank, misappropriated a huge sum of bank money and it has made the bank collapse. The depositors are worried as they do not know what will happen to their deposits in the bank. Some had deposited the . entire earnings of their lives hoping to live a comfortable retired life. But their dreams are shattered. Currently John Gresham is in jail. Agitated depositors are crowding around the closed bank not knowing what to do.

Mr. Robert Baldwin is the governor of the bank. As far as we know he is an upright man who will do nothing against his conscience. The people know that the sole culprit is John Gresham. Banking is an industry built on faith and John Gresham has done great damage to that faith. Many employees of the bank have lost their jobs overnight and their families are in trouble. The money misappropriated by John Gresham should be recovered from him by using all possible means, even by confiscating his house, landed properties and all other assets. He should be severely punished so that it will be a deterrent to the future culprits who want to cheat people because of their greed.

Question 26-28. Answer any two. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 26.
Read the above advertisement given by Research and Development Wing, SammaaN Foundation, for the post of Senior Assistant. Draft a letter of application with a unique resume/bio-data for the same.
Answer:
From
Simi Ibrahim
Manavatur House
PO Irinjalakuda
PIN 680-121
Dt. Thrissur,
Kerala
24 April 2023
To
The Office In-charge
Research and Development Wing
SammaN Foundation, Chanakyapuri
Kisan marg, Newdelhi-11
Dear Sir,

Application for the post of Research Assistant
This has reference to your advertisement appearing in the “Indian Express” dated 20 April 2023, calling  for applications for the posts of Research Assistants. I would like to apply for the post. I have a Master’s Degree in English from Calicut University. I have worked as an English teacher for 4 years. Now I would like a change in my profession

I shall be happy if you give due consideration to my application, I have good communication skills. I am well groomed, friendly and energetic. Although I am ready to come to any place and on any date for an interview, I shall be very happy if the interview takes place somewhere in Thrissur district between now and mid-July.

I feel I can utilise my talents better in your prestigious organization. My resume and other documents are enclosed.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
(Simi lbrahim)

RESUME OF SIMI IBRAHIM

Objective : To work in an Organization which will help me to make use of my talents for the welfare of all. Name, e-mail Phone No. : Simi Ibrahim simi@hotmail.com 94965756734 Age & Date of birth : 24 years, 17 July 1992 Nationality : Indian Marital Status :  Single Educational Qualifications : M.A. (English), Passed in 2012 with I Class with 72% marks from Vimala B.A. (English Main) 2010 – 1 Class with 71% marks from Vimala College, Trichur +2 with A Grade in all subjects from St. Marys HSS, Irinjalakuda. SSLC with A+ in all subjects from St. Marys HSS Irinjalakuda. Experience: Workedasan English teacher in Don Bosco HSS, Irinjalakuda for 4 years from May 2012 to April2016. Activities :  I am a member of the Rotary Club of Irinjalakuda. I have helped in orgarnzing in many social activities. Skills : I am well-versed in Computer, Word. I used to play in the Volleyball team while at college. Languages : Malayalam, English and Hindi Hobbies :  Reading, travel and Classical Music I certify that the information given above is correct. (Simi lbrahim)

Question 27.
Damanage to the brain, however, is the most subtle, most often unorganized and least understood consequence of drug abuse.” Prepare an essay on the topic “The Hazards of drug abuse.
Answer:
The Hazards of Drug Abuse:
The problem of drug abuse has become a serious menace threatening the future and even the life of the youth, especially the school and college-going youth. This age group is more vulnerable to drug abuse because most of them are teenagers. Teenage is the time of stress and strain. To overcome their stress and strain, many youngsters abuse drugs. These drugs give them temporary pleasure, relieving them of,their tensions for some time.

There are many reasons for drug abuse among the youth. They get a lot of money from their parents. Since most families have only one child or two, the parents pamper them. Many parents do not find time to spend with their children. Another reason for drug abuse is peer influence. A third reason is the blind imitation of the so-called glamour boys and girls in films and sports who use drugs. A 4th reason is the easy availability of the drugs. Another reason is the moral laxity of the times. The law-enforcing agencies do not do their work sincerely. There is corruption everywhere and one can do anything if one has money.

Sensual drugs play havoc with the body and mind of their users. The drug addict experiences sensory deprivation. He has a general feeling of physical discomfort and there are personality changes in him. The addict feels depressed. His mental disturbance can be like paranoia. The addict knows he has a problem. But he does not know its source. He looks at external objects with suspicion. Anything outside scares him and he withdraws further and further into himself.

Drugs also affect the body adversely. Dirty needles and solutions can cause liver diseases, venereal diseases and infection of the kidney and brain. Sniffing cocaine and amphetamines can damage the tissue of the nose. Marijuana and tobacco smoking can cause lung diseases. Babies of women who are
addicted to drugs are likely to be born with a lot of problems. A drug addict can easily get pneumonia, tuberculosis and have problems of malnutrition and weight loss. An overdose of any drug can cause respiratory or cardiac failure and death.

The drug problems can be solved only through the concerted efforts of the parents, teachers, community leaders and the law-enforcing agencies. Awareness programmes should be conducted about the dangerous effects of drug abuse. The community leaders should help the youth to channel their energies in the right directions. The police must ensure that sensual drugs are not easily available. Drug abuse is a demon that should be exterminated from our midst with all the might we can muster.

Question 28.
Read the poem given below. Attempt a comparison with “Mending Wall” by Robert Frost focusing on the stylistic features and content of the poem.

As I Grew older

It was a long time ago
I have almost forgotten my dream,
But it was there then,
In front of me,
Bright like a sun,
My dream
And then the wall rose,
Rose slowly,
Slowly,
Between me and my dream
Rose slowly, slowly
Dimming
Hiding
The light of my dream
Rose until it touched the sky,
The Wall
Shadow
I am black.
I lie down in the shadow.
No longer the light of my dream before me,
Above me.
Only the thick wall.
Only the shadow.
My hands!
My dark hands!
Break through the wall!
Find my dream!
Help me to shatter this darkness,
To smash this night
To break this shadow
Into a thousand lights of sun,
Into thousand whirling dreams
Of sun!
Answer:
The poem “As I grew Older” reflects on a dream the poet had many years ago and has nearly forgotten by now. At first, hisjdream seemed as radiant as the sun itself, and he thought it was easy to realise it. But gradually, a barrier separated him and his dream The barrier grew higher, dimming his hopes until it blocked’the dream completetyTike a wall blocking out sunlight.

It cast a shadow over his life, leaving him with the realization that society has defined him as Black. The shadow drains his energy. He can’t see his dream anymore, because of the huge racial barrier and the shadow it casts. He then urges his black hands,to find the strength to smash the barrier and attain his dream. He hopes the radiance of the original dream will cohe back and he will have brighter dreams.

The poem by Langston Hughes is a fine one giving a very good message of hope and optimism. We see a fine simile when he compares his dream to be “bright like a sun”. There is hyperbole when he speaks of “break this shadow into a thousand lights of sun, into a thousand whirling dreams of sun”. The poem has many themes: racism, alienation, dream and its shattering, optimism, strength, and the cruelty of the society.

Robert Frost’s poem “Mending Wall” examines the nature of interpersonal interactions.. There are two different types Of people: those who favour barriers and those whb do not.
The poet, a New England farmer, is seen in the poem walking alongside his neighbour to mend the stone wall that divides their two fields in the spring. Nature does not like walls. It tried to destroy them. But the neighbour feels “Good fences make good neighbours.”

“Mending Wall” discusses a universal theme. “As I Grew Older” discusses the problems of the Blacks, who feel discriminated. Between the two poems I prefer “As I Grew Older” as it speaks for the marginalised people and ends with high hope and optimism.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2020 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two English Previous Year Question Paper March 2020

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Maximum : 80 scores

Questions 1-4: Read the excerpt from ‘Crime and Punishment’ and answer the questions that follow. 1 Score each.

“You must never set up any sort of contrainess or repression in the child’s mind” declared the parents. “You will damage him for life. It no doubt requires a lot of discipline on our part, but it is worth it,” they declared primly. “We shall be bringing up a healthy citizen.”

Question 1.
Find out the word in the passage which means ‘supressing a thought or desire’.
Answer:
Repression

Question 2.
Who according to the parents, need to be disci-plined?
Answer:
The teacher

Question 3.
Do you support the parents’ view? Give one reason to substantiate your view.
Answer:
No, I don’t support the parents’ view. Children do not know the importance of education and therefore sometimes they have to be forced to learn.

Question 4.
Why did the parents say, ‘its is worth it’?
Answer:
The parent’s said “It is worth it” to mean two things. One meaning is they will pay the teacher well for educating their boy and the second meaning is that by being disciplined the parents and the teacher together can make their son a healthy citizen.

Questions 5-6: Review as directed. 1 Score each. (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 5.
Farmer: ‘Stop that man, constable. He brought the parcel.
The farmer wanted ____ (Complete the sentence meaningfully)
Answer:
The farmer wanted the constable to stop the man who brought the parcel.

Question 6.
‘Wangari Maathai mobilized the citizens to chal-lenge widespread abuse of power.
The citizens ____ (Complete the sentence suitably).
Answer:
The citizens were mobilized by Wangari Maathai to challenge the widespread abuse of power.

Questions 7-10: Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: 1 score each. (4 × 1 = 4)

Soil erosion in America’s farmland by wind and water has been a problem since settlers first put the prairies and grasslands under the plow in the 19th century. By the 1930’s, more than 282 million acres of farmland were damaged by erosion. In spite of years of conservation efforts, soil erosion has accelerated due to new demands placed on the land by heavy crop production.

Question 7.
In America, soil erosion is caused by ____ and ____
Answer:
wind and water.

Question 8.
Damages caused by erosion by 1930 were ____
Answer:
More than 282 million acres of farmland.

Question 9.
Find out the expression which describes ‘farming’.
Answer:
Crop production

Question 10.
What has accelerated soil erosion after long years of conservation efforts?
Answer:
New demands on the land by heavy crop production.

Questions 11-13: Answer all questions. Each carries 2 scores. (3 × 2 = 6)

Question 11.
In the poem ‘Rice’. Chemmanam Chacko pictures how rubber trees have taken the place of paddy. How is this change reflected in teh attitude of the farmer in the poem.
Answer:
Rubber trees have taken the place of paddy. This shows a change in the attitude of the people. Rice cultivation involves a lot of hard work, but rubber doesn’t require such hard work. People have become more luxury minded.

Question 12.
Read the passage given below and pick out two describing words.
The boregallu in our village holds special memories for me as it is inextricabiy inked with my grandfather
Answer:
special, inextricably

Question 13.
Irfan Alam visited your scbobfand invited suggestions from you to modify cycle rickshaws. Draft two suggestions which you think would improve cycle rickshaws.
Answer:
a) They should be made more compact,
b) Their roofs should be retractable.

Questions 14-17: Answer all questions in two or three words or sentences as needed. Each carries 3 scores. (4 × 3 = 12)

Question 14.
Complete the passage given below with suitable words selected from those given n the box.
for, across, by, with, along
Anybody who has known me ….(a)…. thirty five years doesn’t expect me to haggle ….(b)…. my
conscience, if it had been anybody else, I would have struck him ….(c)…. the face.
Answer:
a) for
b) with
c) across

Question 15.
Frederic Ogden Nash humorously narrates his experiences with a dentist. Exaggerate and narrate humorously as experience you had in your personal life, with a doctor or in a clinic.
Answer:
Once I felt a severe pain just below my navel. I thought it was some urinary problem as I found it hard to urinate. So I went see the urologist in the hospital nearby. After waiting for some time, I was called in and the urologist asked me for the symptoms. I explained to him. He asked me to go into the examining room and lie on the bed.

He came in with a young beautiful nurse. He asked to remove my trousers. I felt very embarrassed to lie naked in the presence of the beautiful nurse. The doctor then said, “Hey boy, we have seen hundreds like you. So don’t worry. Remove your trousers and let me examine.” I cursed myself for coming to this doctor.

Question 16.
The following passage from the interview with Irfan? ‘Alam has a few errors. Identify them and edit ap-propriately. When a rickshaw puller approach SammaN, we first go into a verification process. The operator is then giving training on basic etiquette and traffic rules.
Answer:
When a rickshaw puller approaches SammaN. we first go through a verification process. The operator is then given training on the basic etiquette and traffic rules.

Question 17.
Bring out the idea conveyed in the following lines from the poem mending wall before i built a wall
I’d ask to know what I was walling in or walling out.
Answer:
‘Mending Wall’ is a beautiful poem by the famous American poet Robert Frost. In it he gives a fine philosophy “Good fences make good neighbours”. “Before I built wall, I’d ask to know what I am walling in or walling out.” These lines also give a fine thought. The poet says that before he builds a wall he asks himself what he was trying to keep in and what he was trying to keep out. Naturally when we build a wall we are trying1 to protect something against intruders.

Questions 18-22: Answer any three questions in about 80 words. Each carries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 18.
‘A silent listener can become a soothing friend.’ Explain this statement in the light of the anecdote ‘Horegallu’ by Sudha Murthy.
Answer:
A silent listener can become a soothing friend. This refers to the story titled “Fjoregallu” by Sudha Murty. A horegallu is a stone bench.,it helps tired persons to sit down and rest for sometime so that they can regain their energy before going forward. When people sit and rest, they start telling their problems’ and the horegallu, who is a person in the story, silently listens. Even by listening to people you help them to relieve their minds of the worries, tensions and anxieties that are in their minds.

By listening to their sorrowful tales, you help them to get some relief from their pain. Life is a journey and we all are travellers. Each person carries burdens of various sorts. If there is a listener one can unburden himself and feel relieved. The listener may not be able to help anybody to solve his problems, but he« can listen and thus help him to relieve his burden.

Question 19.
Bring out the suitability of the title ‘Crime and Punishment. (Hints: Over protection leads to indiscipline – over punishment leads to indifference)
Answer:
Crime and Punishment” is the humorous story by R.K. Rarayan. It speaks about a troublesome boy and his helpless teacher. The boy is overprotected and over-pampered by his rich parents. The boy is a mischievous one, but his parents think he is a wingless angel with dimples, smiles and sweetness. The parents had told the teacher that he should not set up any sort of contrariness or repression in the , child’s mind as they wanted to bring up their son as a healthy citizen.

One day the teacher slaps the boy for deliberating giving a wrong answer to a very simple question. The boy cries and threatens the teacher saying he would report the slapping incident to his parents. The boy then makes the teacher dance to his tune. He wants the teacher to stop teaching him but act as a station master when he plays with his toy train. The title is actually taken from a famous novel by the world-renowned Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky.

Question 20.
What changes does the narrator in the poem ‘Rice’ notice, in his native village, on his return?
(Hints: Changes in place – attitude)
Answer:
The narrator goes to North India to do his research on making toys with husk. He returns with a doctoral degree after 4 years. He was bored with eating chapathi every day and he wanted to eat a meal of athikira rice. It was planting time when he returned. He was expecting his father in the field in his dhothi covered with yellow mud as he would be ploughing the field. He thought his little brother would be carrying the tender saplings to be planted.

As the author came near his home, he found everything had changed. There were only rubber plants and no rice fields. There were also arecanut palms in the fields. He reaches the house and sees workers fixing up the machine fof making rubber sheets. His father says that he stopped cultivating rice. Only fools cultivate rice now. The rubber money is better. He sees his younger brother bringing ration which is mainly wheat. The narrator is worried as to how he would get husk for making toys.

Question 21.
Imagine that your school is conducting an Interschool Football Match. You are the announcer of the match. Prepare the script for the announce¬ment you would make for the event.
Answer:
We wish to welcome all of you for this Interschool Football Match. We chose Christ College Football Ground for the event as it has greater facilities than many other school grounds. Today’s match is between the SN High School, Irinjalakuda and Govt. High School., Mala. Both have powerful teams. You are going to see the local “Messies, Neymars and Ronaldos” showing their abilities.

The SN High School Irinjalakuda had won Last Year’s Interschool Football Govt High School Mala was the winner of the Trophy in 2018. Thus we are going to see a real-fight of champions today. We can now see the teams coming to the ground. Give them a big round of applause! You can be sure that you are going to see a great match!

Question 22.
You get an opportunity to interview Shaheen Mistri. In the light of your reading of ‘Didi’, prepare four relevant question?to interview her.
Answer:

a) Didi, What was the reaction of your parents when they came to know that you are starting “Akanksha” to educate the needy children in Mumbai?

b) Before you are given a room in the Holy Name High School in Colaba, you approached many people and organizations to give you a room to conduct classes for the needy children, but they refused to give you. What kept you going without getting disappointed?

c) Did you get any financial help from the Government of Maharashtra or the Central Government for “Akanksha”?

d) Were you able to carry out your academic studies successfully in spite of your involvement with “Akanksha”?

Questions 23-28: Answer any 4 questions in about 120 words. Each carries 6 scores. (4 x 6 = 24)

Question 23.
The last minute rush in the post office for sending Christmas gifts and greetins may seem a fantasy to the new generation. Create a blog pointing out the difference between the past and present mode of exchange of greetings and gifts. (Hints: Past: post cards, parctels – Present: social media, onlineigifts)
Answer:
In the one-act play “Post Early for Christmas” by R.H. Wood we see the last minute rush in the post office for sending Christmas gifts and greetings. This play was written in 1942, nearly 8 decades ago. At that time there were no social media or online gifts. People had to buy things, wrap them properly, write the address of the receiver, go to the post office and hand it over there after paying the necessary payments for stamps. Similarly cards were bought and messages were written on the cards. Then they were put in stamped envelopes and addressed to the receivers. During Christmas there used to be special card and gift shops where people went and selected the cards and gifts of their choice.

All this might seem a fantasy to the new generation who use the social media and online gifts for sending their greetings and gifts to the loved ones. I have heard my parents talking about buying cards and gifts from shops well before Christmas and spending time to write special messages to their loved ones. They say the ways of sending cards and gifts in the old fashion was more enjoyable as it had a very personal touch for the sender as well as the receiver. That personal warmth is lost by the use of the social media and online gifts by the new generation.

Question 24.
Robert Balow was invited for a Discussion by a leading Television channel. How would he explain his innocer^iin the fund misappropriation issue at the bank? (Hints: came to know late – did my best – kept moral uprightness – no compromise with corruption)
Answer:
Asianet Channel: Mr. Baldwin, How would you explain your innocence in the fund misappropriation issue at the bank?

Baldwin: I am he governor of the bank, but the owner is Mr. John Gresham. In fact I work there for a small salary, but I have no complaints about it. John offered me this job when I most needed it. Therefore I am only grateful to him for his kind gesture. I should say that John was my role model. He was so successful in the banking business that I thought he was a superhero.

I admired him so much that I named my son after him. I have been working with John for more than 2 decades but I never found that he did anything wrong. Donovan who is the assistant cashier at our bank also thought John Gresham to be incapable of doing any malpractice. So when he withdrew huge sums of money from the bank,we both thought that he was using the amounts for making profitable investments. We could never imagine even for a while that he was capable of misappropriating funds and cheating his depositors.

John has admitted his guilt and he has told the police that none of the bank employees assisted him in any misappropriation scheme. I keep my moral uprightness and I will tell the court what I know of the case. I am not ready for any compromise with corruption. If John is guilty he should be punished. I feel sorry for John because I had admired him so much. I could never imagine he could fall to such low levels!

Question 25.
Explain how drugs affect human brain.
(Hints: brain governs sensations – easily upset – pleasure reflexes get weaker – failure in response – numbness)
Answer:
The human brain is the most complex organ in the body. We need it to drive a car, to enjoy a meal, to breathe, to create something new and to enjoy everyday activities. The brain regulates our body’s basic functions, enables us to interpret and respond to everything we experience, and shapes our behaviour. In short, our brain is us—everything we think and feel, and who we are.

The brain is often likened to an incredibly complex and intricate computer. It is made up of many parts with interconnected circuits that all work together as a team. Drugs spoil the smooth working of the brain. Sometimes they give you a feeling of pleasure for a brief period. But then you become upset, disoriented and depressed. Your reflexes become weaker and that is why you can’t walk or drive properly when you have taken an overdose of drugs.

Your behaviour changes and you can do very bad things because you are not aware of their consequences. Your immunity becomes less and you are likely to get all sorts of diseases. Drugs adversely affect the heart rate, breathing, and sleeping. An overdose can even kill a person. Drugs are worse than poison because poison kills one fast, but drugs kill him inch by inch.

Question 26.
Compare and contrast the friendships as presented in the story ‘Amigo Brothers’ and the play The Hour of Truth. (Hints: value friendship more – value principles more)
Answer:
Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas were both 17. They were so together in friendship that they felt like brothers. They had known each other from childhood. They both had a dream – to become a light-weight champion of the world. After a series of elimination bouts, they were told they were to meet each other in the division finals. The winner would represent the Boys’ Club in the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament. In the divisions finals they both wanted to do their best. Their motto was “Let the best man win”. They trained hard. The day came for the division finals. They fought well. The sounds of their blows were loud. The crowd applauded them.

Now it was the last round. They fought fiercely. The crowd became silent because of the fierce fight. The referee was stunned by the savagery of the fight. Even when the final bell •sounded, they continued fighting. Finally they had to be separated. Then they looked around and rushed to each other. Without waiting to hear the result, Antonio and Felix left the ring arm in arm. They proved that true friendship is above competitions and hatred. There is only winning in friendship.

Question 27.
Nomitha wished to send her mother some money secretly. But she failed to do that as she was uneducated and unemployed. Prepare an article for your school magazine about the ‘Role of Education and Employment in Women Empowerment.
Answer:
ROLE OF EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Women Empowerment is a very hot topic these days. In many parts of the world, especially the 3rd world, women are still considered second class citizens. India is one of the countries where women suffer most because of so many discriminations against them. We still have the dowry system. Female foeticide is still very common although it is prohibited by law. Widow-remarriage is still looked upon as something bad. Single women are looked at with suspicion and even some kind of contempt. All these have to change.

The current Indian population is estimated to be 1.38 Billion or 138crores. Of these 48.04% are females while the remaining 51.96% are males. 48.04% means quite close to half the total population. How can India become a developed nation if nearly half of its population is not given proper education and employment? So women education and employment is a must for India’s progress.

The life of an Indian woman, generally speaking, is a series of slavery. Until she is married, she is a slave of her father. When she is married she becomes a slave of her husband. When the husband dies she becomes he slave of the son with whom she chooses to stay. In India generally husbands die first because they are in the majority of cases older than their wives. This situation has to change. This slavery is caused because the women have no economic freedom. All women should try to find some job which gives them son%: income so that they don’t have depend on their fathers, husbands or sons to do the things they like. Education and employment empower women.

Education and employment will help them to come out of their comfort zones within the four walls of their homes and contribute their share to the national development. Education and employment will give them new dignity, new meaning, new purposq and new enthusiasm for life. Life is to be lived well and u. enjoyed. Women also have equal right to live well n- i and enjoy their life just like the men in the society.

Question 28.
Most often people keep silent sensitive social is¬sues. This silence can be interpreted as some kind of stammer. Do you agree with this agreement? Express your views in the form of a write-up. (Hints: fear of social seclusion – public reaction – self-ceneredness)
Answer:
The literal meaning of stammer is speaking with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words. But figuratively and symbolically ‘stammer’ shows our reluctance to open our minds on issues that are controversial. There are so many issues about which we have our own opinions. But we prefer to ‘stammer’ or keep quiet because we are afraid of social seclusion. The other reason for our stammer or silence on issues is our fear of public reaction. We fear public opinion and thus we become cowards.

Another reason for our stammer is our self-centered ness. We are so self- centred that we don’t worry about things that do not directly concern us. This is very bad because we are social beings and we should have our opinions about the things happenings in the society. But we prefer to stammer on these issues because we are afraid.

Some current issues that the society faces are the issues of homosexuals, lesbians and the transgender, same-sex marriage, inter-religious marriage, superstitions and black magic and many questionable rituals that are practised by various religions. We simply pretend that we have no opinions on them becausA we are afraid to speak out. We stammer on them because we have no guts. The evil practices will continue troubling our society until aH of us.decide to overcome our stammer and speak out – loud and clear without stammering!

Questions 29-32: Answer any 2 questions in about 180 words. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 29.
Christine Hagarde says, “It’s time to create a world where all women can meet their potential without impediment or prejudice and the world will reap the benefits.” Prepare an essay on the topic ‘Women Empowerment and Development are Intertwined.” (Hints: represent half the world’s population – per capita income affected – sensitive to needs – peace loving – good at decision making – concensus bulding.)
Answer:
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ARE INTERTWINED
“Development” is a word that we hear every day a number of times. Development is possible only when all the people – both men and women – do their best. Women represent nearly half of tfie world’s population’arid therefore no development is possible without their active participation in the developmental efforts. Wpmen empowerment and development are intertwined

By not allowing women to work like men, the per capita income and the GNP (Gross National Product) will be adversely affected. So women should be given the same opportunities for education and employment if we are to develop to our full potential. In her famous speech, Christine Lagarde says, “It’s time to create a world where all women can meet their potential without impediment or prejudice and the world will reap the benefits.” She speaks of the 3 Ls for women empowerment.

They are Learning, Labour and Leadership. In one sense women are more Suitable for leadership because they are more sensitive to the needs of the people. We can see this right in our homes. Our mothers are more sensitive to our needs. They are also more ‘ peace loving. They are good at decision making and consensus building. We see that the worst leaders of the world were”Slf men. Examples are dictators like Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin, who caused the death of millions of people just to satisfy their selfishness and pride.

Women are also more cautious when they take decisions. They don’t act rashly and that is why there are fewer accidents by women drivers on the road. The 3 Ls will help women to come out of-their comfort zones within the four walls of their homes and contribute their share to the development of the society. Learning, labour and leadership will give them new dignity, new meaning, new purpose and new enthusiasm for life. Life is to be lived well and . enjoyed. Women also have equal right to live well and enjoy their life just like the men in the society, contributing to the overall prosperity of the world.

Question 30.
“Today we are faced with a challenge that calls for a shift in our thinking, so that humanity stops threatening its life support system,” says Wangari Maathai. The floods in 2018 and this years’ landslides give us the same message. Draft a speech about Environmental Disruption and the need to have a shift in human approach.
Answer:
Respected Principal, teachers and fellow students, Today I am going to talk about Environmental Destruction and how to stop it. We in Kerala are facing tragedies one other another. A deluge ravaged our State in August 2018, in which over 470 people died and properties worth 40,000 crore were destroyed. We were still trying to overcome the problems caused by that deluge, when on 8 August 2019, due to heavy rainfall in the Monsoon season, severe flood affected Kerala causing landslides.

As a security measure, the Government of Kerala issued Red alert in the 9 districts in Northern and Central Kerala, orange alert in 3 districts of Central Kerala, and yellow alert in the 2 districts of southern Kerala. Thousands of people were evacuated to safer places and relief camps. A total of 101 people have died due to rain-related incidents since 14August2019. These camps had morethan 2 lakh people from various parts of the state.

Why these floods and landslides? They are actually caused by man! Biodiversity is destroyed. Resources are mismanaged. The areas which would hold the water are filled up and townships are constructed in the name of urbanization. The outlets to the sea are partially blocked and the rivers can’t easily drain into the seas. Wangari Maathai was correct when she said, “Today we are faced with a challenge that calls for a shift in our thinking so that humanity stops threatening its life support systems.” But we don’t care.

We continue with our deforestation, sand-mining and overexploiting our minerals. We continue polluting our environment with vehicles and factories and spraying poisons over our fields, If: we destroy the environment, it will definitely destroy us through floods, droughts and pandemics like, Covid-19 which we are still fighting with. Disrupt the environment and it will disrupt you in more than oqp way.

Question 31.
Given below is an advertisement that came in a leading newspaper. Imagine that you are qualified for the post. Draft a letter of application and resume.

WINTAGE SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. Sector – 36: A – Block Noida, UP – 64 WWW.Wintagesins.co.in Wanted creative and enthusiastic candidates for the post of ‘Database Programmer’. Essential Qualification : B.Tech, Computer Desirable skills : Java Script, SQL, HTML Experience : 2 years Apply to the Director within 7 days.

Answer:
From: Rahul Binoy
Thekkudan House
Changampuzha Nagar
Edappally, Kerala
PIN-682024

29 July 2020
To: The Director
Vintage Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Sector – 36, A-Block
Noida – UP – 64
Dear Sir,
Application for employment as a Database Programmer:
This has reference to your advertisement in the Malayala Manorama Daily of 25 July 2020. I wish to apply for the post of a Database Programmer in your prestigious Company as I possess the necessary qualifications and experience specified in your advertisement.

I am a B.Tech (Computer) Graduate with skills in Java Script, SQL and HTML. I also have 2 years experience as a Database Programmer. My detailed resume is enclosed. I am ready to come for any interview that you might want to conduct. You may fix the time and place. If possible, let the interview be in the month of August or September.

I assure you of full satisfaction if I am given a chance to work for you. Thanking you and hoping to hear from you soon,
Yours faithfully,
(Rahul Binoy)
Enel: 1

RESUME OF RAHUL BINOY

Name : Rahul Binoy Address :  Thekkudan House,  Changampuzha Nagar, Edappally, Kerala, PIN – 682024 e-mail address: binovrahukgmaiLcom Mobile Number :  8547099999 Nationality : Indian Sex : MaIe Marital status :  SingLe Qualifications :  B.Tech (Computer) from Rajagiri Engg. College, Kakkanad (2013-2017) Experience : Worked as a Database Programmer in the Start-up Company named J & J Techcraft, Info Park, Kochi from 2018to2019. Skills :    Java Script, SQL, HTML Hobbies :  Reading, Solving Puzzles Special Abilities :  Editor of the College Magazine,2016 Memberof the College Football team, 2015. References : Prof. PV. Cheriyan MET’s School Engineering, Mala, Phone No. 8547026666 Dr. Thomas Varghese; Professor, Rajagiri Engg. College, Kakkanad, Phone No. 8547088888

Question 32.
Read the poem given below and make a comparative appreciation with “Any Woman”.

My Mother’s Garden

My mother kept a garden,
A garden of the heart,
She planted all the good things,
That gave my life its start

She turned me to the sunshine
And encouraged me to dream, .
Fostering and nurturing
The seeds of self-esteem

Her constant good example
Always taught me right from wrong
Markers for my path way
That will last a lifetime long

I am my mother’s garden
I am her legacy
And I hope today she feels the love
Reflected back from me.
(foster = encourage; nurture = care for; legacy = property left by will)
Answer:
“My Mother’s Garden” is an amazing poem by Kelly Z. In it the poet speaks so highlySPher mother. The mother kept a garden in her heart planted all the good things the daughter needed for a good life. The mother made her a happy girl and encouraged her to dream. She fostered and nurtured the self-esteem in her daughter. The mother’s good example taught the daughter to distinguish between right and wrong. The daughter was therefore able to walk on the right paths at all times. The poet says that she is her mother’s garden and this is the gift she has given her as her legacy. She hopes she can give back her mother at least some of the love she had given her all her life.

It is a simple poem with a profound meaning. It shows the high esteem of a daughter for her dutiful mother who brought her up to have a successful life. It has fine alliterations like “last a lifetime long”. The imagery is syperb. Here a person is imagined to be a garden which is carefully fostered and nurtured by a loving mother. It is a real tribute to a mother by a dutiful daughter.

The poem “Any Woman” by Katharine Tynan speaks of the importance of a woman in the family. She is the pillars of the house. She is the keystone of the arch. She is the roof and walls. Without her the home would be colder than a stone. The children come to her for love and affection. She is the one who holds the family together. She protects the children from all dangers. In the end the woman prays to Jesus to spare her life till her children are properly grown up.

The poem is in simple language. Katharine Tynan has painted a fine picture of a devoted mother with words. The entire poem is an exquisite metaphor. The imagery is great and it touches our heart. The poem is in rhyme. Except the first stanza, the rhyming scheme is abab. Between the two, I prefer the poem “My Mother’s Garden” by Kelly Z.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2021 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two English Previous Year Question Paper March 2021

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Maximum : 80 scores

Answer the following questions from 1 to 38 up to a maximum score of 80.

Read the lines from ‘Any Woman’ and answer the questions that follow:
I am the fire upon the hearth,
I am the light of the good sun,
I am the heat that warms the earth,
Which else were colder than a stone.

Question 1.
Who is the speaker of these lines?
Answer:
The narrator of the poem/Any woman

Question 2.
Identify the figure of speech used in the first line of the stanza.
Answer:
Metaphor

Question 3.
Find the image/phrase that conveys the idea of lifelessness and inactivity.
Answer:
Colder than a stone

Question 4.
Elaborate on the main ideas conveyed in these lines.
Answer:
The woman says she is the fire upon the hearth, the light of the sun and the heat that warms the earth. It means she is the one bringing life and laughter into the home. She keeps it lively and joyful.

Question 5.
Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate phrasal verbs from those given in the brackets and complete the passage.
I rfan Alam won the ‘Business Bazigar’ show in 2006, but he ……… (turn on/turn down/turn off) their offer of Rupees 150 lakhs. Instead, he …..(set off/set aside/set up) the busienss himself.
Answer:
Turned down, set up

Question 6.
The following passage has a few errors. Identify them and edit appropriately.
My inspiration com from my childhood experiences and observations of nature on rural Kenya. As I was growing up, I witnessed forests been cleared and replaced by commercial plantations who destroyed local bio-diversity and the capacity of the forests to conserve water.
Answer:
My inspiration came from my childhood experiences and observations of nature ih rCiral Kenya. As I was growing up, I witnessed fofest’s tiad been cleared and replaced by commerefat plantations which destroyed local bio-diversity‘arid the capacity of the forests to conserve eater.

Question 7.
An extract from the conversation between Sudha Murty and Ratna in ‘Horegallu’ is given below. Report the conversation. (2)
Sudha Murty: Ratna, Don’t you everted others the secrets you hear?
Ratna: I consider that to be the worst kind of cheating.
Answer:
Sudha Murty asked Ratna if she ever told others the secrets she heard. Ratna replied saying that she considered that to be the worst kind of cheating.

Question 8.
Ajit did not give Nomita an easy time, he belittled and insultd her, using harsh words. You are a Ajit’s friend. Write four pieces of advice you would give Ajit. (4)
You may use expressions like :
Ajit, I think you should …. Why don’t you ….. If I were you…. Why can’t you….
Answer:
a) Ajit, I think you should speak more politely to Nomita.
b) Why don’t you think that she is your wife and she should be respected?
c) If I were you I would not speak so harshly to her.
d) Why can’t you change your was of taking to your wife?

Question 9.
In the first stanza of the poem “Any Woman”, the woman is considered as the fire, the light and the heat. In the absence of the woman, a house will be as cold as a stone. Do you agree with this statement? Write your opinion in a paragraph. (4)
Answer:
I certainly agree with the statement that in the absence of the woman, a house will be as cold as a stone. There is a saying that since God could not be everywhere at the same time, he created mothers. Here the ‘narrator’, any woman, represents a mother. Mother is the synonym for love. Mothers’ love is unconditional. They expect nothing in return forthe love they give to the family members. Without a woman, a family is simply unimaginable. Women take care of the children, cook, wash and do all other household chores. She is the pillars, walls and doors of the house. It is the woman who makes home a sweet place. She is indeed the fire of the hearth, the light of the sun and heat that warms the earth.

Question 10.
Your class is conducting a debate on the topic ‘Environmental conservation is more important than Economic growth’. Write four arguments in favour of or against the topic. (4)
Answer:
a) If environment is not conserved, life itself will become impoesble.
b) Environment is the greatest supporter of our life; what is the point of economic growth if life itself is in jeopardy?
c) The environment is for all creatures; exploiting it . only for the benefit of man is injustice.
d) If environment is not conserved, we all will become unhealthy and sick.

Question 11.
In the anecdote ‘Horegallu’cSiiadb.a Murty asks Ratna how she could solve the troubles of so many people by just listening to them. Doypu think mere listening can solve problems? Write, your opinion in a paragraph.(4)
Answer:
Mere listening may not solve problems. But by sympathetically listening to the problems of others we can certainly help them to look for solutions. A mind with a lot of problems is like a pressure cooker on a hot stove. The steam is building up in the cooker and unless some of it is released at regular intervals, the cooker will explode. When people tell their problems to a sympathetic listener, they feel relieved of the built-up pressure in their minds. It will also give them time to think about probable solutions to the problems. Listening to the people with problems wjth a sympathetic ear Ml certainly help them.

Question 12.
A discussion was held in your class on the topic ‘Domestic Violence’. One of your friends remarked, ‘If we are to fight discrimination and injustice against women, we must start from the home, fpr if a woman cannot be safe in her own house then she cannot be expected to feel safe anywhete.
Write four points supporting this opinion. (4)
Answer:
a) If a woman cannot feel safe at home, she will lose her will to,fight for her rights.
b) At home women give their love and consideration to the other members of the family, and if those for whom she lives can’t make her feel safe, how she can feel safe in other places?
c) Home is the safest haven for women; it is there they are the most safe; if the home can’t give them the feeling of safety and protection they will certainly feel that they are not safe anywhere else.
d) Home is the training gropnd of all virtuous things. If a woman feels threatened in her own home,
elsewhere

Question 13.
In the story ‘Matchbox’, Nomita’s mother keeps on writing letters to her, complaining about her hardships and misfortunes. What is your view of the character of Nomita’s mother?
Answer:
I strongly feel that Nomita’s mother is not doing the right thing by constantly complaining about her hardships and misfortunes, She is telling about her hardships and misfortunes just to get money from Nomita. Ajit, Nomita’s husband, says that when the letter comes from Nomita’s mother, even without opening it, he knows it is for asking money.

Nomita’s mother used to send postcards which would be read by all the members in the family of Ajit. This was a disgrace to Nomita. So she told her mother not to write on postcards. But she writes ietters all the same. Nomita is angry at her mother. She decides to write a letter to her mother telling her she won’t help her any more.

Question 14.
‘I used to lift a hot pot of water off the stove – and that did it.” Here, Nomita in ‘Matchbox’ tries to hide her problems from the other members of the family. Do you justify her action? Why/why not? (4)
Answer:
I justify her action. That is what a normal wife would do in the circumstances Nomita was in. She lives in a joint family which, has 26 members. She comes from a poor family. Her mother frequently writes to her telling her of her difficulties and problems and asking her to send money. Ajit, the husband of Nomita, is unhappy because he has to often send money to his mother-in-law. He asks Nomita how could her mother go on begging for money and still think they are high class people. He insults Nomita by calling her a dung-picker’s daughter.

When she asks him to shut up he says he will speak the way he wants. In an angry mood she picks up a matchbox and lights a match and touches it to her sari. The sari flares up. Asking if she has gone mad, Ajit puts out the fire by using his hands. Nomita can’t say all these things to the other members of the family. So she hides her problems and tells them that her sari got burnt as she was trying to lift a hot pot of water off the stove, using the sari.

Question 15.
According to the father in the poem ‘Rice’, ‘only fools turn to rice-farming for gain’. However, the poet comes home eager to eat a full meal of athikkira rice. Compare the attitude of the poet and his father, in a . short paragraph.
Answer:
The father in the poem “Rice” says that only fools turn to rice-farming for gain. But his son has an altogether different viewpoint. The son had gone to North India to do research on making toys with husk. As his father and many of the neighbours cultivated paddy there was a lot of husk available in his place. He comes back home with a doctoral degree after completing his research. When returning home, he was hoping to eat a full meal of athikkira rice.

He was tired of eating chapattis when he was in North India. But then what does he find? He finds that all the paddy fields are planted with rubber. His dreams of making toys with husk are shattered. In fact the Chief Minister is flying to Delhi to get rice for the people in his State as all the paddy fields are converted into rubber plantations.

Question 16.
Nomita, in the story ‘Matchbox’ faces many insults . from her husband Ajit. At last, one day, she tells her sister-in-law the whole story. Prepare the likely conversation between the two women, in at least four exchanges. (4)
Answer:
Sister-in-law : Nomita, you look sad. What is the matter with you?
Nomita : I am sad because Ajit does not give me any respect.

Sister-in-law : Ajit does not give you any respect? Why?

Nomita : He does not even give me the letters addressed to me by my mother. The other day I found a crumbled letter in ‘ his pocket. It was from my mother and it was addressed to me. She wanted some money as she had some problems.

Sister-in-law : It was certainly bad on his part. He was never like that. How can he keep a letter addressed to you without letting you know about it?

Nomita : He even called me a dung-picker’s daughter.

Sister-in-law : Did he? That was rude on his part. How can he insult you like that?

Nomita : When I asked him to speak softly, he said he would talk the way he wants and he would do things the way he likes. He asked me what I ‘ could do to stop him from doing what he likes. This made me very angry. Sister-in-law : And then?

Nomita : I lit a matchstick and put it to the sari I was wearing. As the sari flared, he came rushing and put the fire out. I had told you the sari got burnt when . I was trying to remove a hot pot from the burning stove. But that was a lie. I did not want everybody in the family to kfiow that I had tried to burn myself.

Sister-in-law : I am sorry Nomita that Ajit is ill- treating you. I will talk to him about it.

Nomita : No need to talk to him. We will manage. Anyway, thanks for your concern.

Question 17.
‘She grabs Ajit’s matchbox on the table, lights a matchstick and touches it to her sari.’ This is how Nomita in ‘Matchbox’ responds to the humiliation of her husband. What is your opinion of Nomita’s impulsive reaction? Write your answer in a paragraph. (4)
Answer:
I think Nomita was foolish to do what she did. If the sari had caught fire faster than it had, she would have ended up with severe burns or even death. It is quite true that Ajit should not have called her a dung- picker’s daughter. She is his wife.

He married her knowing full well that she was not from a wealthy family. If Nomita’s mother wanted some financial, help, he could have helped her or refused to help her. But he should not have called Nomita, his wife, a dung- picker’s daughter. At the same time Nomita’s impulsive reaction was bad. In life problems will come. But one can’t escape from them by committing suicide. It shows she is a coward and she does not know how to cope with difficult situations.

Question 18.
‘I know that if I take this money [from john Gresham], I do a dishonourable thing.’ These words clearly show that Robert Baldwin will never be influenced by any financial offers. Prepare a brief character sketch of Baldwin. (5)
Answer:
Robert Baldwin is the protagonist of this play. He lives in a trim little cottage with his wife Martha and his son John and daughter Evie. He is working as the governor of a bank owned by John Gresham. His salary is very low, 60 dollars a week. His son John earns only 30 dollars a week. With this limited income they live reasonably happily.

Suddenly there is a problem in their lives. John Gresham has misappropriated bank money and he
is in jail. The bank is closed and Baldwin will have no job. Only Baldwin is the witness for the misappropriation. If he gives his true testimony, John Gresham will definitely go to jail for a long period. Baldwin is honest and he has taught his family the importance of honesty.

When Baldwin returns home after the arrest of John Gresham, his wife and children rush to him to know the latest news. Initially his wife and the children tell him that he should say the truth during the trial even if it means jail term for Gresham. But when they come to know that Gresham has offered him a bribe of 100,000 dollars just to say ‘I don’t remember1 when some incriminating questions are asked in the court, they change their stance. They try to find out all kinds of loophbles to make Baldwin accept the bribe. Martha, John and Evie do their best to make Baldwin change his mind. But he asserts that he wants to go to his grave clean.

He does love Gresham. He even named his son after him. Even now he’remembershow he worked with him for so long. They were boys together. They worked side by side. All this is true, but he is not willing to tell a lie to save his friend and employer even when he is offered a colossal sum of 100,000 dollars.

Baldwin’s honesty is repaid abundantly. Even Gresham is proud of him and he recommends him to Mr Marshall, the President of the Third International. At the end of the play we see Marshall coming to the house of Baldwin and offering him a job at the Third International. We see Baldwin Crying in the end. He must have been crying for two reasons – his friend Gresham has confessed his guilt and he will surely be punished. Secondly he is shedding tears of joy in gratitude to God who has amply repaid his honesty. Honesty, Baldwin proves,*beyond an iota of doubt, is the best policy.

Question 19.
In the story ‘Amigo Brothers’ the announcer turned to the winner and found himself alone in the boxing ring. Arun in arm, the champions had already left the ring. Imagine that you are the announcer. What would you announcement. (5)
Answer:
Ladies and Gentlemen, You have witnessed an extraordinary fight. In the third round both Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas wanted to win. They punched each other very hard. Nobody fell to the canvas. The final bell rang, but the fight continued. The bell rang again and again. But there was no stopping to the fighting. You were getting worried. It looked as if Antonio Cruz and Felix ‘ Vargas were involved in a do or die situation and not in a contest.

The referee and the trainers separate the contestants. Now they embrace. They have forgotten they were fighting like bulls up to a moment ago. I want to announce the winner. But where are the fighters? They have left the ring like good friends, arm in arm, declaring their strong bond of friendship. They have proved themselves to be real amigo brothers. Who is the winner in the contest? Both are winners!

Question 20.
“God has given me two ears to listen to others. I hear them out with sympathy and without judgement. These are the words of Ratna in ‘Horegailu’. What do you think are the qualities of a good listener? (5)
Answer:
Ratna in “Horegallu” says: “God has given me two ears to listen to others. I hear them out with sympathy and without judgement.” The primary quality of a good listener is listening to the problems of people with sympathy. A horegallu is a stone bench on which tired people can rest and regain their energy. Such stones are usually under shady trees. Tired travellers unburden themselves, sit and talk to some sympathetic listener. Life is a journey and we all are travellers.

Each one of us carries burdens of various sorts. If there is some patient and sympathetic listener, we can unburden ourselves and feel relieved. The listeners may not solve our problems but if we hav^ a sympathetic listener, it gives us some temporary relief. Patience, sympathy and understanding are the essential qualities of a good listener] A good listener does not pass judgments.

Question 21.
Those who whine day and night and hold out their palms to theirj son-in-law, they’re the high class people! A dung-picker’s daughter becomes a queen,’ This is how Ajit responds to Nomita, when she called him ‘a vulgar man’. What do you think of the character of Ajit? Write a brief sketch of his character. You may use the hints given below. (ego and prejudice- insults his wife-but fears the inner fire of Nomita-keeps the image of a gentleman) (5)
Answer:
Ajit is a bad husband and a very bad son-in-law. He has no respect for women. He is a male chauvinist. Nomita was right in suspecting that he does not give her all the letters addressed to her. Her suspicion is proved right when she finds a crumpled letter in the pocket of Ajit. When she says that reading the letters addressed to others is an ugly habit, Ajit says he is checking to see if the letter is from a boyfriend of hers. That mdans he is suspicious of his wife’s fidelity. He then gets angry and calls her a dung piokeds daughter.

In anger she puts fire to her sari.sJFertunately, he is able to put out the fire quickly. He has only contempt for his mother-in-law. He says whenever letters come from her, there is no need to read them, butjust go to the post office and fill in the money order form. This shows he has no love for the mother-in-law. At least he should remember that her daughter is his wife. In the final analysis we see that Ajit is a very bad husband who has no love and sympathy for his wife and her mother. However, he fears the inner fire of Nomita. He wants to maintain an image of a gentleman although he is egoistic, prejudiced and chauvinistic in his behaviour.

Question 22.
According to recent studies, in our country, every four minutes, one woman faces domestic violence. In ‘Matchbox’, we get a glimpse of this reality. After reading the Story “Matchbox”, you decide to write about hardships of Nomita, in your personal blog (an online diary). Prepare the blogpost. You may use the following hints. (Struggles, challenges, lack of identify, humiliation) (6)
Answer:
Nomita is the wife of Ajit. They live in a joint family. Altogether there are 26 members in that family. Nomita comes from a very poor family. But she is very beautiful and that is how she gets married into a rich family. Her mother, who is a widow, was the one who managed to find a rich boy for her daughter. Nomita has no brothers or sisters. She is referred to as ‘queen’ by her mother. Nomita had to struggle in her husband’s home.

Her mother frequently Writes to Nomita requesting her for money. She writes on postcards which could be read by anyone. Nomita is ashamed that her mother is always begging for money. To prevent others from reading, Nomita asks her mother to write letters in an envelope. The requests are so frequent that Ajit says that there is no need for reading the letter, but send some money to her. Nomita also secretly helps her mother.It seems her mother is very demanding and shameless as she goes on begging.

One day while collecting the soiled clothes for giving them to the washer-man, Nomita sees a letter in the pocket of Ajit. It is torn and crumpled. It is addressed to her and from the postmark it is obvious that Ajit got it some 3 days earlier. But he had not told her anything about it. Nomita is unhappy because Ajit reads the letters addressed to her. She had told him many times not to do it. He says he is checking to see if any love letter is sent to her by somebody.

At this point, Nomita gets angry and tells him that he is a common, vulgar man. This enrages Ajit and he says that she is a dung-picker’s daughter. He will do what he wants to do and she can do nothing about it. This infuriates her and she burns a matchstick and puts is to her sari. The sari catches fire and soon it flares. Ajit puts out the fire. Thus we see she is humiliated by her husband. In her case there is a lack of identity. She is a nobody in the eyes of her husband.

Question 23.
Write a short profile of Sachy, the famous Malayalam film director using the hints given below. (6)
Name: K.R. Sachidanadan
Popularly known as : Sachy
Born: 25 December 1972, Kodungallur, Thrissur
Profession : Screenwriter, Director, Producer,
Advocate
First movie directed: Anarkali, 2015
Hit movie: Ayyappanum Koshiyum, 2020
Died: 18 June 2020.
Answer:
K.R. Sachidanandan is a famous Malayalam film* director. He is popularly known as Sachy. He was born on the 25 December 1972 in Koduggallur, Thrissur. He is a multifaceted individual, having worked as a screenwriter, a director, a producer and an advocate. Anarkali, released in 2015, was the first movie he directed. His most famous movie is Ayyappanum Koshiyum which was released in 2020. He passed away on 18 June 2020 at the young age of 48, due to cardiac arrest, following complications arising out of a hip replacement surgery.

Question 24.
Imagine you are studying in a residential school. The woman in the poem ‘Any’Woman’ evokes in your memories of your mother with whom you have quarreled for silly things. This bothers you a lot. Write an email to your mother telling tier how much you miss her.
Answer:
Lily@hotmail.com
Dearest Mama,
How are you doing? I hope Papa and John are fine. Everything is alright here. Recently I read the poem “Any Woman” by Katharine Tynan. The poem brought to my mind all the wonderful things you have done for me.

I miss your freshly baked cookies and your delicious lemon pie. I miss painting with you and all the squabbles we had over the right shades for the sky. I really miss you, Mama.

The other day I made a silly quarrel with you about the chicken biriyani you made. I did not eat it saying that it was too hot for me as you had put too much pepper in it. You felt so sad as you had specially made it for me. l am sorry, Mama! I should not have behaved so rudely.

The poem also made me reflect upon the fact that I have never thanked you for all the wonderful things you have done for me. So this email is a way for me to do just that. So thank you, Mama, for your infinite patience and unconditional love. I hope to see you soon. Give my love to Papa and John.
Yours lovingly
Anna

Question 25.
“We lost all our money and our dreams’, a poor farmer responded to the news of the collapse of the bank in The Hour of Truth’. You are from ‘Daily News’, and you wish to highlight the plight of such depositors. Write your report in around eighty words. (6)
Answer:
The collapse of the “Everyman’s Bank” has shocked many depositors who do not know how it happened. They had their dreams when they deposited the money in the bank. But all their dreams are shattered. A poor farmer deposited all his money in the bank in the hope that he will get some interest which will help him to run his family in a better way. He has lost all his money and all his dreams. One of the employees in the bank got married very recently because of his job in the bank. Now suddenly he does not know what to do even to find food for his bride.

The proprietor of the “Everyman’s Bank”, John Gresham, is in jail for having swindled depositors’ hard-earned money. One man had deposited all his money in the bank in the hope of taking it back with the interest just before the marriage of his daughter. All things are arranged for the marriage. The invitations have been sent out to guests and hotel rooms and the banquet hall is booked for the reception. He does not know what to do now. He is raving like a mad man, not knowing what to do. Gresham is sure to be punished. But that is no consolation for the poor depositors who have lost their money and their dreams.

Question 26.
Wangari Maathai is the first African woman to receive the Nobel Prize for Peace. Prepare a profile using the hints given below. (6)
Born : I April; 1940, Kenya .
Founder: Green Belt Movement
Environmental activist, Kenyan politician, writer
Awards: Right Livelihood Award (1984)
Nobel Peace Prize (2004).
Contributed to sustainable development, democracy and peace.
Answer:
Wangari Maathai is the first African woman to receive the Nobel Prize in 2004. She was born in Kenya on 1 April 1940- She was a hard working woman, who tried her best for women empowerment. She was not willing to stay home all the time. She found much pleasure and satisfaction in working for the community. She founded the Green Belt Movement. She is an environmental activist, a politian and also a writer. Thus she is a versatile genius. She received many awards including “Right Livelihood Award” in 1984. The Nobel Prize was another feather to her already bedecked cap. Her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace is acclaimed ail over the world.

Question 27.
In the ‘Rice’, we see the poet return to his village after four years of research in North India, hoping at last to eat athikkira rice at home. However, this did not happen. His father had stopped rice farming and had become a rubber planter. Unhappy, the poet writes an email to his friend about his disappointment. Write the email. (6)
Answer:
Pravin@hotmail.com
Dear Pravin! How are you man? I am sure you are enjoying some rest at home after our hectic work for our doctoral degrees. I am sure you are enjoying home food and the other comforts of home after such a long time away from home, parents and siblings.

lam very much disappointed with the situation here at home. When I was with you in North India, eating the horrible chapattis every day, I used to tell you how nice our athikkira rice is which we harvest from our own fields. I had taken my doctorate degree in making toys with husk because there was so much of paddy around. I could use the husk for making toys and thus I could even offer employment to a few of my villagers. I really had great dreams.

But do you know what has happened? My village people, including my father, have stopped cultivating rice and they have planted rubber in the paddy fields. No more athikkira rice and no more husk here. My degree Is . a waste! I can’t even get the rice I like. There is a shortage of rice in Kerala, and the Chief Minister is now in Delhi trying to get some rioelbr his people. I feel so sad and disappointed attbetlirn of events here.

Anyway, there is nothing I can do about it. I have to simply accept the situation. Say Hi to your parents!
Bye for now!
Sincerely,
Job

Question 28.
Several households in our country are still miserable,lacking good food and other basic needs. It is high time that we did what we can to help them. As a responsible citizen, you write a letter to the editor of’ a prominent daily voicing your concern. Preparethe letter. (6)

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
Nehha Bhatnagar is a Bharathanatyam dancer Whose Delphi based ‘Sarvam Foundation’ has brought the joy of dance to the lives of many underprivileged children. The initiative was founded in 2012 with the purpose of bringing the classical arts to all, from the girl child in the slum to the corporate executive in her glass tower. “I was socially conscious and sensitive to the disparity around us. This led me to start teaching underprivileged girls the rudiments of Bharathanatyam’. The future looks bright for the ‘Sarvam’ girls. As for hJehha, taking small but assured steps,’ she hopes to be able to support 100 marginalized girls through the foundation.
Answer:
The Editor
The Indian Express
Kochi
1 July 2021,
Dear Sir,

When our forefathers fought for our freedom Under for an India where there would be enough food, clothes and shelter for all the Indians. On 15 August 2021, we are going to celebrate the 74th Anniversary of our independence from Britain. But even now we find millions of people who are so poor that they don’t have proper food, clothing or shelter. We still have the biggest slum in the world. We should be ashamed of slums like Dharavi in Mumbai. In those slums people live their lives worse than animals.

Gandhi had made a great observation. He said, “The world has enough to satisfy the needs of all the people in the world. But it does not have enough to satisfy the greed of even one individual.” How right he was! We have people likeAmbani and Adani who have millions and millions but there are millions that have no money to buy food and medicines. Where is our sense of social justice?

The rich people should,come forward to help the needy. The rich people should not forget that they too came to this.world empty handed and they will go away from this world empty handed.
RosyJoe
Edappally

Question 29.
Find out the word in the passage which means
Answer:
Disparity

Question 30.
Who is the founder of ‘Sarvam’ ?
Answer:
Nehha Bhatnagar

Question 31.
What prompted the dancer to start such an initiative?(1)
Answer:
She wanted to bring the classical arts to all from the girl child in the slum to the corporate executive in her glass tower. She wanted to bring the joy of dance to the underprivileged who could not afford to pay high fees for their training.

Question 32.
Do we need more such initiatives in our country? (1)
Answer:
Yes we do Many underprivileged are excluded from many areas as they lack money.

Question 33.
When did the foundation begin its activities? (1)
Answer:
In 2012

Question 34.
A webinar is conducted by the English club of your school on the topic ‘21st century Indian women and the challenges they face in society’. As a member of the club, you are asked to make a speech on the topic. Prepare the script of your speech. (8)
Answer:
Ladies and Gentlemen, The topic for today’s webinar is “21st century Indian women and the challenges they face in society”’ We got our independence 74 years ago. But even today the condition of women in India is pathetic as there is no equality between man and woman in this country.

The law may say that man and woman are equal. But in actual practice, women are not given their proper place in the society. How many women MPs do we have in the Parliament? How many women Ministers do we have in the Central Cabinet? How many women MLAs do we have in the State Assembly? How many women ministers do we have in the State Cabinet? Just 3 out of 21! That is a mere 14.3%.

Even in the labour market women are discriminated against. For the same job, a man gets Rs. 1000 as his daily wage. But a woman is given just half of it, although the woman may have done more work than the man. To get married, a woman has to give dowry. Most women are destined to be bound to their homes. Their work is limited to delivering children, rearing them and doing the household chores of cooking, washing and cleaning. This is injustice. Women are even afraid to go out in the nights because there is the danger bf getting raped by sex maniacs.

Many parents refuse to send their girls for higher education even if they are brighter than their boys. The argument is: The girl will go away to another home after her marriage and so there is no point in spending money for her higher education. I strongly feel the society has to change. We have to work for such a change where the woman gets her rightful place in the society. “Empowering women” should be our slogan.
Jai Hind!

Question 35.
Irfan Alam, the founder and chairman of SammaaN foundation came out with an innovative idea and transformed it into a business model. You come to know about a vacancy for the post of an accountant in ‘SammaaN’. Prepare an application for the post and attach a resume with the necessary details. (8)
Answer:
From
Simi Ibrahim
Manavatur House
Irinijalakuda North P.O.
District: Trichur
Kerala

To
The Director
SammaN
Opposite Mumbai University
C.S.T. Road
Kalina, Mumbai – 22

30 June 2021
Dear Sir,

Application for the post of an Accountant

This has reference to your advertisement appearing in the “Indian Express” dated 25 June 2021.
I possess the necessary qualifications and experience which you have specified in your advertisement, l am a young woman of 24 years, willing to work hard. I assure you of the best satisfaction if ! am given a chance to work in your prestigious organization. I am enclosing herewith my detailed resume and also photocopies of my certificates. I shall be glad to appear for any interview you might conduct in Mumbai or any other place and date of your choice.
Thanking you and hoping to hear from you,
Yours faithfully,
(Simi Ibrahim)
Enel: 3

RESUME OF SIMI IBRAHIM

Name, E-mail & Mob. No. : Simi Ibrahim simithotmail.corn 9496567887 Age & Date of Birth : 24 years, 17 July 1997 Nationality : Indian Marital Status :  Single Educational : M.Com -2019- with 72% B.Com – 2017 – with 74% marks, Vimala College, Kochi. +2 with A Grade in all subjects. St. Mary’s HSS Irinjalakuda. SSLC with all A+, St, Mary’s HSS Irinjalakuda Experience :  Worked for 2 years as an Accountant in KSEB, Irinjalakuda. Activities :  I am a Member of thé Rotary Club, Irinjalakuda. I have helped in organizing many functions while at College. Skills : lamwell-versedinMicrosoftWord and C++. I was a member of the College Handball Team that won the State Championship in 2018. Languages : Malayalam, English, Hindi. Hobbies : Reading, Travel, Classical Music. References : Prof. M.A. Kurian, Vimala College, Kochi, Mob. 9496567886. Mr. Mehboob Saithu, Member,irinjalakuda Municipality, Mobile No. 9496236542. I certify that the information give above is correct. Simi Ibrahim

Question 36.
Antonio and Felix, in the story ‘Amigo Brothers’, share a single dream – to become the light weight champion. However, at the end of the boxing championship, they left the ring before the announcement of the winner. Prepare a write -up on the spirit of friendship portrayed in the story. (8)
Answer:
Antonio and Felix in the story “Matchbox” by Piri Thomas share a single dream – to become the light weight champion. They both practised hard. They fought well, but they left the ring before the announcement of the winner.

Felix Vargas weighed 144 pounds and his rival Antonio 133 pounds. The winner was to represent the Boy’s Club in the tournament of champions, The Golden Gloves. There would be no draw in the fight. The referee gave instructions telling them that it should be a clean fight. In the first round, both the contestants did their best to outwit the other. Both were equally strong, in the second round also the same thing happened. Punches flew back and forth. But none was floored. Each punch was applauded thunderously by the crowd.

The third round came, each wanted to win. They punched each other very hard. Nobody fell to the canvas. The final bell rang but the fight continued. The bell rang again and agisftW. Buy there was no stop to the fighting. People got worried. It looked as if they were witnessing a do or die fight and not a contest. Then the referee and the trainers separated the contestants. Now the contestants embrace. They were fighting like bulls a moment ago. Now both were winners. Let their tribes increase!

Question 37.
Nomita, in the story ‘Matchbox,’ is often insulted and humiliated by her husband, Ajit. Sometimes, he hurts her feelings very much. Imagine that Nomita meets Ratna (the character mentioned in ‘Horegallu’), and she narrates the incidents of her life with Ajit to Ratna. Prepare the likely narrative. (8)
Answer:
Nomita: My husband is Ajit. We live in a joint family of 26 members. I come from a very poor family. But somehow my mother got me married into this rich’ family. I have no siblings. My mother often calls me ‘queen’. I have to struggle hard in my new home.

My mother frequently writes to me requesting me for money. She writes on postcards^which could be read by anyone, l am really ashamed that my mother is always begging for money. To prevent olhers from reading her letters, I asked my mother to write letters in an envelope. The requests are so frequent that Ajit says that there is no need for reading the letter, but send some money to her.

I secretly help my mother. My mother is very demanding and I should say she is shameless in going on asking for help. One day while collecting the soiled clothes forgiving them to the washer-man, I saw a letter in the pocket of Ajit. It was torn and crumpled. It was addressed to me and from the postmark it was obvious that Ajit got it some 3 days earlier. But he had not told me anything about it. I am unhappy because Ajit reads the letters addressed to me. I had told him many times not to do it. He says he is checking to see if any love letter is sent to me by somebody.

At this point, I got angry and called him a common, vulgar man. This enraged Ajit and he said that I was a dung- picker’s daughter. I asked him to speak softly as others would hear whatever he was saying. He said he would do whatever he wanted to do and I could do nothing about it. This challenge infuriated me. I burned a matchstick and puts is to my sari. The sari caught fire and soon it flared. Ajit, however, put out the fire. I know I did something foolish. Ajit goes on humiliating me and that is why I did it.

The poem has simple language. The entire poem is an exquisite metaphor. The imagery is great. The poem is in rhyme. Except in the first stanza, the rhyme scheme is abab.
Between the two poems, I prefer “Any Woman” by . Katharine Tynan.

Question 38.
Read the poem given below. Compare the poem with ‘Any Woman’ written by Katharine Tynan.

Clear as sunshine,
Sweet as nectar;
One who gets mother’ love
Is the true victor.

‘Tis mystic yet unmisted
Pristine and pure;
None can deny this,
I resolutely assure.

Her tears flow
For my slightest pain;
Her smiles and joy
For my smallest triumph.

She starves for me
And feeds me well;
Gives me heaven
And accepts hell.

The showers of her love
Bring joy in my way.
This unselfishness
I can never repay,

I can never repay,
This I assure;
For her love is godly,
pristine and pure.
Debasish Mishra (nectar = honey, pristine=pure, resolutely = firmly).
Answer:
This poem by Debashish Mishra is in praise of his mother. He says that his mother’s love is clear like , sunshine and sweet like nectar. One who gets is really a true victor. Her love is inexplicable. It is pure. Nobody can deny it. Her tears flow when her son is in slightest pain. She cries so much when she sees me suffering that people may think she is a fool or is mad. She starves for me and feeds me well. She gives me all kinds of joy even as she is suffering much pain. Even if I sacrifice myself, I will not be able to repay theTove my mother has shown me. Her showers of love bring joy to me because she is so unselfish. Her love is divine and I can never repay her love.

The poem is in simple language. It has fine rhythm. The rhyming scheme is ABCB, although it is not kept in some stanzas. There are different figures of speech in the poem. There is simile (clear as sunshine, sweet as nectar). There are metaphors like showers of love. Repetition can be seen as “pristine and pure” is used more than once. There is alliteratiort jneflfistine and pure”.

The poem ‘Any Woman’ by Katharine Tynan speaks of the importance of the woman in the family. She is the pillars of the house. She is the keystone of the arch. She is the roof and walls. She is the fire upon the hearth. Without her, the home would be colder than a stone. The children come to her for love and affection. She is the light of their love. The children could hardly thrive without her support. She is the one who holds the family together.

No child wants to get away from the close-knit family group. She is all over the house, from the floor to the roof. Nothing happens without her knowledge. She decorates the house and makes the children’s bed cosy and warm. She also protects the children from all dangers. She is the door that guards against all kinds of troubles and tribulations that come to pester the inmates. At the end of the poem, the wonhan prays to Jesus to spare her life till her children aiseproperly grown up.

The poem has simple language. The entirë poem is an exquisite metaphor. The imagery is great. The poem is in rhyme. Except in the first stanza, the rhyme scheme is abab. Between the two poems, I prefer “Any Woman” by Katharine Tynan.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2022 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two English Previous Year Question Paper March 2022

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Maximum : 80 scores

Part – I

A. Answer any four questions from 1 to 6. Each carries 1 Score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Questions 1 – 3 Read the excerpt and answer the questions that follow:
“Have you gone mad?” he says, and jumps tb her side and grabs the burning patch and slaps it between his hands and puts out the fire.

Question 1.
Who is referred to as you in the passage?
Answer:
Nomita is referred to as ‘you’ in the passage.

Question 2.
Which phrasal verb in the passage means ‘extinguish’?
Answer:
put out

Question 3.
Why does he say that “Wave you gone mad?”
(Questions 4-5) Read the lines and answer the questions that follow:
I am the twist that holds together
The children in its sacred ring,
Their knot of love, from whose close tether
No lost child goes a-wandering.
Answer:
He says that because Nomita, in her mad anger, picks up a matchbox lying near and lights a
matchstick and touches it to her sari and the sari flares up.

Question 4.
Who is referred to as T in the passage?
Answer:
“I” in the passage is the mother

Question 5.
Which word in the lines means’rope’?
Answer:
Tether

Question 6.
“Not even in my dreams. I consider that to be the worst kind of betrayal. I don’t think there is a greater sin than betraying someone’s confidence.” What is the worst kind of betrayal mentioned by Ratna in this passage?
Answer:
The worst kind of betrayal is betraying someone’s confidence. Someone tells you certain things believing that you will not say those things to others. If you divulge them to others you are betraying the confidence someone placed in you.

B. Answer all questions from 7 to 10. Each carries I score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Complete the passage given below with suitable words from those given in the box.
Now, after a series …… (7) ……. elimination bouts, they had been informed that they were ……(8)…..
meet each other in the division finals were scheduled …… (9)…… the seventh of August, two weeks away
the winner to represent the Boy’s Club ……(10)…… the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament.
Answer:
Now, after a series of elimination bouts, they had been informed that they were to meet each other in the division finals were scheduled for the seventh of August, two weeks away the winner to represent the Boy’s Club in the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament.

Part – II

A. Answer any three questions from 11 to 15. Each parries 2 scores. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 11.
Read the lines and answer the questions that follow:
“I see him there,
Bringing a stone grasped firmly by the top In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed.”
(a) Who is mentioned here as ‘an old-stone savage armed”?
(b) Identify the figure of speech used in the last line.
Answer:
It is the neighbour of the narrator in the poem “Mending Wall” by Robert Frost. The neighbour is bringing stones for mending the wall and then he looks like an old, armed, stone-age savage.

Question 12.
Bring out the satire in the lines given below: “Can we get some husk from the Centre, too, to make toys with it? I don’t know.”
Answer:
The figure of speech is simile. The neighbour carrying stones is compared to an old stone-age savage, armed with stones.

Question 13.
Recent research (a) (has/have) indicated that marijuana can damage cells. A drug user’s way of life (b) (make/ makes) him more susceptible to pneumonia, tuberculosis, malnutrition and weight loss.
Answer:
a. has
b. makes

Question 14.
Irfan Alam has come to your school to inaugurate an entrepreneurship programme titled ‘New Venture.’ As the school leader, make an announcement of the event before the student. Prepare the announcement.
Answer:
Today we are lucky to have Mr. Irfan Alam to inaugurate our entrepreneurship programme titled “Newventure”. As you know Irfan Alam is an entrepreneurship and Innovation enthusiast. He won a famous Indian TV reality show, Business Baazigar on ZEE TV. The show aimed to find people with innovative business ideas and this is where his flagship organization Sammaan first came into existence. Irfan, at present, serves as the Founder and Chairman of Sammaan Foundation, a non-profit Indian company, which organizes the rickshaw-pulling sector. He was the one who suggested to redesign rickshaws so that the extra space could be sold for advertisements and brand promotion. He also made the rickshaws carry items like water, juice, biscuit, mobile cards and newspapers to be sold to a the passengers.

Question 15.
After reading the play The Hour of Truth, you realise that there are so many reasons for corruption. How can we discourage corruption? Write your opinion- in two sentences.
Answer:
We can discourage corruption by strictly following the dictates, of our conscience. Honesty is the best policy; be honest in all your dealings. If one is honest one can easily overcome the temptations for corruption just like Robert Baldwin did, in spite of the temptations given by his wife, son and daughter.

B. Answer any two questions from 16 to 18. Each carries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 16.
Change the given sentences into indirect speech.
Mrs. Higgins : I want a book pf stamps and a money order for two pounds eleven shillings and five pence.
Assistant : Here is a book of stamps, madam and would you please fill in this form for the money order.
Answer:
Mrs. Higgins asked the postal assistant to give her a book of stamps and send a money order for two pounds eleven shillings and five pence. The assistant gave Mrs. Higgins the book of stamps and asked her to fill in the form for the money order.

Question 17.
Imagine that you are the dental doctor in the poem This is Going to Hurt Just a Little Bit. Someone comes to you seeking treatment. Write two pieces of advice you would make after the treatment. You can use the following expressions:
(a) You should _______.
(b) You’d better _______.
Answer:
a) You should not eat or drink anything too hot or too cold.
b) You’d better wash your mouth frequently with slightly warm water.

Question 18.
Justify thesfsuitability of the title Grime and Punishment for the story.
Answer:
The title reminded me of the novel of the same name by the famous Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The story “Crime and Punishment” by R.K. Narayan is about the simple antics of a prankster who wanted to punish his teacher for beating him. The title is short and sweet. I think the word ‘crime’ is a bit too harsh. After all, the small boy is doing only some small mischievous acts natural to kids of his age.

Part – III

A. Answer any three questions from 19 to 23. Each carries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 19.
Imagine that you have become a popular writer. After finishing her anecdote Horegallu and some other stories, Sudha Murty wishes to publish them as a book. She requests you to write a blurb for it. Prepare the blurb.
Answer:
I was greatly impressed by the book “Horegallu and Some Other Stories” by Sudha Murty. Although this is her first book, she writes with the ease and natural flow of an experienced writer. She uses the language effectively to rouse our feelings. Horegallu is a stone bench. It helps tired persons to sit down and rest for sometime so that they can regain their energy.

In “Horegallu” Sudha Murty is talking about her grandfather who sits on the horegallu and talks with the villagers who work in the nearby fields and the travellers who pass by. The grandfather refreshed the workers and travellers just by listening to them. When the villagers talk about their problems to her grandfather they foel refreshed and their minds get unburdened. The writer wants us to be horegallus. The other stories are also about village life and they are very interesting as well as educative. I wish Sudha Murty all success!

Question 20.
You class is organizing a debate on the topic “Education Empowers a Society.” Write four points supporting the statement.
Answer:
a) Education empowers a society because it helps the members to understand the pros and cons of things.

b) If people are uneducated they easily fall into superstitions and they can be manipulated by clever people who are selfish and greedy.

c) Education develops your logical thinking. It helps you to separate the chaff from the grain.

d) Education develpps independent thinking. It makes you self-reliant. An educated man does not blindly follow the dictates of others.

Question 21.
In the poem Mending Wall, the poet’s view contradicts that of his neighbour’s on building walls. Do yo think that walls are necessary to create a good relationship among human beings? Write a paragraph on the significance of man-made walls.
Answer:
In the poem “Mending Wall”, the poet’s view certainly contradicts that of his neighbour’s on building wall. I think walls are necessary to create a good relationship among human beings. Good fences make good neighbours means it is good to have some limits between neighbours so that their relations will remain healthy at all times. If there is unlimited freedom between neighbours, trouble will soon start. Suppose you grow goats in your house.

Your neighbour has a vegetable garden. If there is no fence your goats will go and eat up the vegetables of your neighbour. Will he like it? Suppose your neighbour’s children come and open your fridge and eat up all the good food you have kept there. Will you like it? So there must be some boundaries between neighbours and only then there will be good relations.

Question 22.
Prepare a character sketch of Nomita in the story Matchbox.
Answer:
Nomita is the wife of Ajit. They live in a joint family. Altogether there are 26 members in that family. Nomita comes from a very poor family. But she is very beautiful and that is how she gets married into a rich family. Her mother, who is a widow, was the one who managed to find a rich boy for her daughter. Nomita has no brothers or sisters. She is referred to as ‘queen’ by her mother.

Her mother frequently writes to Nomita requesting her for money. She used to write in postcards which could be read by anyone. Nomita is ashamed that her mother is always begging for money. To prevent others from reading, Nomita asks her mother to write letter&in an envelope. The requests are so frequent that Ajit says that there is no need for reading the letter, but send some money to her. Nomita also secretly helps her mother. It seems her mother is very demanding and shameless as she goes on begging.

One day while collecting the soiled clothes for giving to the washer-man, Nomita sees a letter in the pocket of Ajit. It is torn and crumpled. It is addressed to her and from the postmark it is obvious that Ajit got it some 3 days earlier. But he had not told anything about it. Nomita is unhappy because Ajit reads the letters addressed to her. She had told him many times not to do it. He says he is checking to see if any love letter is sent to her by somebody. At this point Nomita gets angry and tells him that he is a common, vulgar man. This enrages Ajit and he says she is a dung-picker’s daughter. He will do what he wants to do and what can she about it?

Nomita, flaming with anger, picks a matchbox and lights a stick’and puts it on her sari which instantly catches fire. Ajit rushes and with his bare hands he puts out the fire telling her that she loses her common sense when she is angry. Nomita can be very sarcastic and can make faces effectively. She can easily tell lies as she calmly says her sati got burned as she was taking down a hot pot from the stove.

Nomita is good at making retorts. When her sister- in-law accuses her of rushing to Ajit at every small opportunity, she asks her to come and peek into her room to see what is happening there. Nomita can forget things fast. Soon after the burning of the sari, she is ready to peel potatoes. Even while peeling potatoes she is thinking how she can help her mother, by sending her some money.

Nomita seems Jo be a.snob. She has forgotten that‘s she came from a poorfamily. She calls Ajit a ‘common’ and vulgar man, forgetting that she is a common girl gifted with some beauty. People who forget their past are not good people. She seems to have forgotten her roots.

Question 23.
Elaborate the idea In the following lines: “Rubber plants, twice my height, now stand in rows around me on the ridge where modan and vellaran used to be sown, and confuse my path as I walk home.”
Answer:
These lines are taken from the famous poem “Rice” by Chemmanam Chacko. A rice farmer’s son had gone to North India to get a doctoral degree on . making toys with husk. There used to be plenty of husk in his house as his father cultivated different kinds of paddy. The young man got his doctorate and he is returning home after 4 years. In the meantime things had changed at home. His father stopped cultivating paddy and in its place he is now cultivating rubber.

No husk to make toys and his degree will be a waste. He is op the way home and he sees rubber plants which are twice his height. They are planted in a row. In this place, when he was at home, his father cultivated different paddy varieties known as “modan” and “vellaran”. Now he is even confused about the path that will lead him home. It shows the dilemma of the young man who is returning home after 4 years of study in North India.

B. Answer any one question from 24 to 2s. carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 24.
You are one of the students of Shaheen Mistri. You could not attend her class for two weeks as you were COVID positive. Prepare an email to your teacher explaining, your condition and inability to attend the class.
Answer:
shaheenmistri@hotmail.dbm
Madam, I have not been able to attend your classes for the last two weeks because I was diagnosed Covid positive. I am taking treatment and I am slowly recovering. But the doctor told me that I should rest for another two weeks and should not travel around. I am physically very weak and I have lost much weight as I could not eat food for lack of proper taste in my mouth. Even when I see food that I used to like before, I feel like vomiting. Things are improving and hope I will be able to come to the class after two weeks. I should say I badly miss your lessons which are so inspifing and educative.
Thank you, teacher for all the good work you are doing to help us.
Rosy Punnackal

Question 25.
Imagine that you were one among the audience who witnessed the boxing contest between the amigo brothers. You were deeply impressed by the figh,tj and their friendship. You wish to write a blog about it. Prepare the blog.
Answer:
The fight between Antonio Cruz & Felix Vargas was scheduled to take place in Tompkins Square Park. The time was afternoon. Even before the scheduled fight, the Park begins to fill up because the fighters were much liked by the people around. There was expectation in all the faces to see a very good fight. The fighters enter and the crowd explodes with a roar. Antonio & Felix bow gracefully and raise their arms in acknowledgement to welcome they received from the crowd.

The announcer makes the announcement telling that the contest is between Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas, two fine Puerto Ricans. Felix Vargas weighs 134 pounds and his rival Antonio Cruz weighs 133 founds. The winner will represent the Boy’s Club in the tournament of champions, the Golden Gloves, verb sphere will be no draw. The Referee now gives instructions telling them it should be a clean fight. In the first round both the contestants do their best to outwit the other. But both are equally strong. In the second round also the same things happen. Punches fly back and forth, but none is floored. Each punch is applauded thunderously by the crowd.

Now comes the third round. Each contestant wants to win. They punch each other very hard. Nobody falls to the canvas. The final bell rings. But the fight continues. The bell rings again and again. But there is no stopping to the fighting. People started getting worried. It looked as if they are witnessing a do or die fight and not a contest There is utter silence. Then the referee and the trainers separate the contestants.

Now the contestants embrace. They have forgotten they were fighting like bulls up to a moment ago. The announcer makes an announcement. He is trying to name the winner and he looks around. But both Felix and Antonio had left like good old friends, arm in arm, declaring their strong bond of friendship. They proved themselves to be real amigo brothers! May their tribes increase!

Part – IV

A. Answer any three questions from 26 to 29. Each carries 6 scores. (3 × 6 = 18)

Question 26.
Nomita is infuriated by the behaviour of Ajit. She feels pity for her mother and herself. She writes a letter to her mother revealing the real nature of Ajit. Prepare the letter.
Answer:
Jehangirabad
Bhopal
4 May 2021

Dear Mother,

I got your letter asking me to send you Rs. 2000 immediately to pay for the gas and electricity. I understand your difficulty. I know you have nobody else to ask as I am the only daughter you have. But I too have problems here.

Ajit is not such a good man as you thought him to – be. In the beginning he was alright. But of late he finds much pleasure in insulting me. The letters you send me are received by him. Sometimes he is so rude that he does not even tell me about them. Your ’ last letter I happened to read just by chance. I was giving his soiled clothes to the dhobi and when I checked his trousers’ pockets I found your letter in a crumpled state. He had received it some 3 days ago, but he never told me about it. We had a big fight over it. Once he even told me that there is no need to read your letters because all of them were for asking money. He even insulted me by calling me a dung picker’s daughter.

Ajit and I are still not in talking terms. I hope things will clear up soon and then I will send you the money. Don’t write letters asking formoney, I will find a way to send you some money every month.
Say “hi” to our neighbour Meenakshi. Has her son passed his SSLC?
Your ever loving daughter,
Nomita

Question 27.
Your school has conducted a seminar on the topic “The Role of Schools in Women Empowerment’. Prepare areport of the seminar to be published in the school magazine. You can use the given hints: (Hints: venue date and time – welcome speech – inaugural address – paper presentation – open forum – vote of thanks)
Answer:
REPORT ON THE SEMINAR CONDUCTED ON THE ROLE OF SCHOOLS IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT:
The Seminar began at 10.00 a.m. in the School auditorium. It was presided over by Miss Liz Kumari, the Chairperson of the Local Women Empowerment Wing. In her inaugural address she said the Seminar was inspired by the speech of Christine Legarde on the 3 Ls of Empowerment and the schools have a big role in Women Empowerment. The inaugural address was followed by the welcome speech by the Head of the English Department.

Three speakers presented each of the 3 Ls, Learning, Labour and Leadership. The first speaker was the local MLA Mrs. Kunjumol Beeran. She said that education is the foundation on which any change is built. She said there is a proverb in Africa which says that “If you educate a boy, you train a man. But if you educate a woman, you train a village.

The second speaker was Geeta Nandakumar, Principal of PG 6entre, where only women are admitted for the various regular courses it offers. She said the 2nd L, Labour, helps a woman to aChieve her true potential. She also insisted that spciety must follow the principle of “equal pay for equal work”. The 3rd speaker Biwi Suleiman said that the 3rd L, Leadership, enables women to rise and fulfil their inborn abilities and talents. Then they become ready to “dare the difference”.

The Paper Presentations were followed by an Open Forum. Some members of the audience had some doubts to ask and the speakers clarified their doubts. The principal Ammini Rajan thanked everyone for their cooperation. The seminar came to a close by 1.00 p.m.
Lilly Joseph
Secretary
9.3.22

Question 28.
After reading the anecdote Horegallu, you realse that you were also a horegallu in some way. Narrate the incident in which you have become the horegallu of another person.
Answer:
A horegallu is a stone bench. People who are tired sit on the horegallus they find on their way. Horegallus are usually placed under shady trees. Tired travellers can sit on the horegallu. Usually there will be a sympathetic listener sitting there. Sometime the tired traveller is also offered some cool water and other drinks like buttermilk by some good Samaritans. These horegllus thus provide both physical and mental relaxation to the tired travellers. The shade helps them to regain their physical strength. By telling the willing listeners about their problems, they also feel mentally relaxed.

As we all know joy increases when shared .but sorrow decreases when it is shared. In today’s hectic world there are not ffiany sympathetic listeners. But if somebody is willing to listen to you you feel highly relieved Don’t we hear old people always talking about their bodily pains? We won’t be able to help them in reducing their physical pain, but by patiently listening to their complaints we can help them in relieving their mental pain. We should try to be horegallus in our lives.

Once I became the horegallu of my classmate Simi. Simi comes from a poor family. Her father has no job and he is also sick. Her mother goes to work in a neighbour’s hoube and that is how they find their livelihood. Once I saw Simi sitting under a tree and crying. I went to her and asked what made her cry. She then opened her heart to me. I listened to her sympathetically. Later I shared my lunch with her. My good words filled her with optimism and she thanked me for being a horegallu.

Question 29.
After giving evidence in the court, Robert Baldwin and Gresham meet at the courtyard. Prepare a likely conversation that would take place between them. (Write at least 6 exchanges).
Answer:
Robert Baldwin: John, I’m sorry that I could not help you.

John Gresham: It’s okay Robert. You did the right thing.

RB: Somehow I could not tell the court ^don’t remember”. That would be cheating own conscience.

JG: I was wrong in offering you the $100,000 bribe. I should have known you better. In fact I am proud of you. You are an honest man and no bribe can change your kind.

RB: John, you know I love and respect you. In fact I named my son John because of my love and respect for you. I don’t know what prompted you to misappropriate the banks’money. „

JG: It was foolish on my part to do that. In a weak moment I thought I could get away with it. I thought I would not be caught. But Fate was different.

RB: I feel so bad to see you going to jail. But then I could rjot imprison my conscience. It would always prick me and I wouldn’t be able to live with it.

JG: I toid you not to worry. I have sinned and I should get the punishment. I have recommended you to Marshall to give you a good position in his bank. He will soon meet you with the offer.

RB: You are so good John. I thought you would be angry with me for not helping you. But here you are recommending me for another better job.

JG: Goodness must be rewarded. You have been so honest. Any other person in your place would have accepted my offer of $100,000 and would have told the court anything I wanted him to say. But no? you!

RB: Thank you, John. I will wait for your please when we can start things anew.

JG: Say “Hi” to Martha, John and Evie. I’m sure they will be happy with your new appointment.

B. Answer any two questions from 30 to 32. Each carries 6 scores. (2 × 6 = 12)

Question 30.
Imagine that you become a topper in Civil Service Examination, and you realise the vaule of education in the modern world. Your classmates and juniors arrange a function to honour your success. Prepare a script of the speech you would deliver on the occasion.
Answer:
Respected principal, teachers and my dear students, I am really overwhelmed at this function you have organised to honour me for topping in the Civil Service Examination. First of all let me say a big “Thank you!” to all of you.

The journey to the top was not easy. But I had firm determination to become an IAS Officer even when I was at school. I was then told a Collector of a district had great powers to do good to the people of his district. I wanted to work for the welfare of my countrymen wherever I would be. The best way to serve people is to educate oneself and use all our powers and energies to do good to others.

Education has much value. It teaches you the importance of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. It teaches you tolerance. An educated man cannot be intolerant because he knows people have different faiths and different customs and rituals. We should be able to respect the feelings of others. It is a foolish man who thinks only his religion, his idea, is right aqd all others who differ from him are wrong. Education expands one’s mental horizons and he is able to understand that one man’s religion is another man’s madness and one man’s food is another man’s poison.

Education helps us to be free from superstitions. Even during the Covid pandemic we saw silly people rushing to sorcerers and black magicians seeking remedies. An educated man won’t do that. Education makes man more empathetic. He will see the pain of others and he will do whatever he can to alleviate the pain of others. Thus education has many positive values and I exhort all of you who are still students to do your best and educate yourself to the highest level possible.
Thank you all once again!

Question 31.
You are appointed as a reporter of a channel. Your first assignment is to interview the famous Malayalam poet Sri. Satchidanandan wharves nearby your locality. Prepare six relevant questions and the possible responses to them.
Answer:
Reporter: Sir, please speak a few words about yourself and your education for the benefit of our viewers.

Satchidanandan: Myfull nameis Koyamparambath Satchidanandan. I was born in 1946 in Pulloot, a village in Kodungallur. After my early education in – the village school, I studied biology at Christ College, Irinjalakuda, and had my Masters in English from Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam. I obtained my PhD in post-structuralist poetics from the University of Calicut.

Reporter: Please say something about your career.

S: I joined as a lecturer in English at K.K.T.M, Govt. College, Pulloot in 1968, and then I moved to Christ College, Irinjalakuda, in 1970.1 voluntarily retired from in 1992 to take up the editorship of Indian Literature, the English journal of the Indian National Academy in Delhi. In 1996 I was nominated Secretary, the chief executive, of the Academy, a post from which I retired in 2006.

Reporter: Please tell us something about your career as a writer.

S: My literary career began with the publication of ‘Kurukshetram’, a collection of essays on poetry (1970) and ’Anchusooryan’, a collection of poems (1971). Since then I have published several books of poetry, criticism, plays, travelogues and translations of poetry and plays and edited several magazines like ’Jwala’, ‘Uttaram’ and ‘Pachakkutira’ besides many anthologies of poetry and essays in Malayalam, English, Hindi and Slovenian.

Reporter: Can I ask something about your family?

S: Why not? I am married and I have two daughters.

Reporter: We understand that you have received manyAwards.

S: I have received so manyAwards that I have even forgotten some of their names! I have received six Kerala Sahitya Academi Awards and one Sahitya Academic Award for my book “Marannu Vecha Vasthukkai”.

Reporter: Thank you, Sir! Thank you very much.

Question 32.
After reading the chapter When a Sapling is Planted, your school decid,es to conduct a panel discussion on the topic “The Role of Women in Environmental Conservation.” Three eminent personalities come to your school as panellists. You are to introduce the panellists. Prepare the script of the speech welcoming the panellists and introducing them to the audience.
Answer:
In the panel discussion today, we have three prominent environmentalists as panellists. My duty is to introduce them. Let me begin with Mr. C.R. Neelakandan. Mr. Neelakandan was born in 1957 at Karuvannoor in Thrissur . District. He completed his education from Christ College, Irinjalakuda and Government Engineering College, Thrissur.

He actively participates in environmental issues such as public protest against waste dumping at various places across the state such as Lalur, Vilappilashala, Panamkuttichira, Brahmapuram, Pettippalam etc. Struggles like Silent Valley, National Highway Protection Samithy, Chengara, Plachimada, GAIUL Pipe Line, High Speed Rail Corridor, Many mining projects like Mineral sand mining on Arattupuzha Coast, Moolampilly displacement, Malabar Gold pollution, Periyar River Protection, Endosulfan in Kazaragod, Aranmula Airport, Athirappilly and Pooyamkutty HEPs and many others.

Our next Panellist is Vandana Shiva. She was born in 1952. She is an Indian scholar,.environmental activist,, ecofeminist and’anti-globalisation author. She has Written more than 20 books, She is often referred to as “Gandhi of grain” for her activism associated with the anti-GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) movement.

Shiva is one of the leaders and board members of the International Forum on Globalization and a figure of the anti-globalisation movement. She has argued in favour of many traditional practices, as in her interview in the book Vedic Ecology. She received the Right Livelihood Award in 1993, an award established by Swedish-German philanthropist Jakob von Uexkull, and regarded as an “Alternative Nobel Prize”.

Our third panellist is Medha Patkar. She was born in 1954. She is a social activist and former Politician working on various crucial political and economic issues raised by tribals, dalits, farmers, labourers and women facing injustice in India. Patkar is the founder member of the 32 years old people’s movement called Narmada BachaoAndolan (NBA) in three states: Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat.

NBA has been engaged in a struggle for justice for the people affected by the dam projects related to the SardarSarovardam project, especially those whose homes will be submerged but have not yet been rehabilitated. She was the national coordinator and then convenor of National Alliance of People’s Movements (NAPM) for many years and now continues to be an advisor to NAPM. Under the banner of NAPM, she has participated in and supported various mass struggles across India against inequity, non-sustainability, displacement, and injustice in the name of development.

Part – V

A. Answer any two questions from 33 to 35. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 33.
Dangers of Drug Abuse by Hardin Blair Jones focuses on the effects of drugs on the brain and body. But you recognize its effects on society too. Write any essay on drug abuse and its impact on society.
Answer:
Dangers of Drug abuse by Hardini Blair Jones focuses on “the effects of psychedelic drugs on the brain and body. But drugs also adversely affect the society too. The worst affected are the youth, who are supposed to be the leaders of tomorrow. If the youth is waylaid, the future of the society is in jeopardy.

The negative consequences of drug abuse affect not only individuals who abuse drugs but also their families and friends, various businesses,! and government resources. Although many of these effects cannot be quantified, ONDCP (Office of National Drug Control Policy) recently reported that in 2002, the economic cost of drug abuse to the United States was $180.9 billion.

The most obvious effects of drug abuse which are manifested in the individuals who abuse drugs – include ill health, sickness and, ultimately, death. Particularly devastating to an abuser’s health is the contraction of needle borne if lnesses including hepatitis and HIV/AIDS through injection drug use. Centres fdr Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that 123,235 adults living with AIDS in the United States in 2003 contracted the disease from injection drug use, and the survival rate for those persons is less than that for persons who contract AIDS from any other mode of transmission. CDC further reports that more than 25,000 people died in 2003 from drug-induced effects.

Children of individuals who abuse drugs often are abused or neglected as a result of the individuals’ preoccupation with drugs. National-level studies have shown that parents who abuse drugs often put their need to obtain and abuse drugs before the health and welfare of their children. Children whose parents and other family members abuse drugs often are physically or emotionally abused and often lack proper immunizations, medical care, dental care, and necessities such as.food, water, and shelter.

The risk to children is even greater when their parents or guardians manufacture illicit drugs such as methamphetamine. Methamphetamine abusers often produce the drug in their own homes and apartments, using hazardous chemicals such as hydriodic acid, iodine, and anhydrous ammonia. Children who inhabit such homes often inhale dangerous chemical fumes and gases or ingest toxic chemicals or illicit drugs. These children cdifimonly test positive for methamphetamine and suffer from both short- and long-term health consequences.

Drug abuse on businesses can be significant. While many drug abusers are unable to attain or hold full time employment, those who do work put others at risk, particularly when employed in positions where even a minor degree of impairment could be catastrophic; airline pilots, air traffic controllers, train operators, and bus drivers are just a few examples. Economically, businesses often are affected becstuse employees who abuse drugs sometimes steal cash or supplies, equipment, and products that can be sold to get money to buy drugs. Moreover, absenteeism, lost productivity, and increased use of medical and insurance benefits by employees who abuse drugs affect a business financially.

Question 34.
Irfan Alam has started a new firm to organise the street vendors of Kerala. He has given the following advertisement in a popular daily seeking applications from eligible candidates to carryout the programme in each district. Imagine that you have all the qualifications for othe post. Prepare an application letter and a resume for the post.

WANTED DISTRICT CO-ORDINATORS

Wanted District Co-ordinators for ABC Foundation with Kerala to handle commercial and administrative functions independently.
Educational Qualification – Graduation/ Post Graduation in Social Work
Desirable -proficiency in English, computer skills, leadership ability
Experience – 2 years and above in social work Age – less than 40 years

Attractive remuneration package Please send a detailed resume with contact number and mailing address to:
Irfan Alam
CEO, ABC Foundation
SRA34, Raj Street, Kerala – 9.
Answer:
From

20 April 2022

Simi Lbrahim
Manavatur House
P.O. lrinjalakuda
PIN 680 121

To
lrfan Alam
CEO, ABC Foundation
SRA 34, Raj Street, Kerala – 9

Dear sir
APPICATION FOR THE POST OF A DISTRICT
This has reference to your advertisement in the “Malayala Manorama” dated 15 April 2022 inviting applications from candidates for the posts of District Coordinators for ABC Foundations in Kerala. I have a Master’s Degree in Social Work from Calicut University. I have served as a social worker for 3 years under the Government of Kerala. I am 26 years old.

I shall be happy if you give due consideration to my application. Although I am willing to come for an interview at any place and any time, I shall feel very happy if it can be done somewhere in Thrissur District between now and mid-June.

I am a passionate social worker and I look forward to use my talents in this regard. I want to serve my motherland in the best possible manner.

My detailed resume and other documents are enclosed.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
(Simi Ibrahim)
Enel: 4

RESUME OF SIMI IBRAHIM

Objective:  To work in an Organization which will help me to utilise my talents for the welfare of my countrymen. Name, e-mail and Phone No. : Simi Ibrahim simi@hotmail.com 94962756734 Age and Date of Birth :  26 years, 1 may 1996 Nationality :  India Marital status :  Singls Educational Qualifications: M.A. Social Work. Passed in 2018 with 72% marks from Vimala College Thrissur. BA. Social Work 2016 with 71 % marks from Vimala College, Thrissur. +2 with A Grade in all subjects from St. Marys HSS lnnjalakuda. SSLC with A+ in all subjects from, St. Mary’s HSS Irinjalakuda. Exprience : Worked as a Social Worker in a temporary post under the Government of Kerala for 3 years from July2018to June 2021. Activities : I have helped in organising different social activities for the Senior Citizens of Irinjalakuda. Skills : Well versed in Computer Word Was a Member of College Badminton Team Have passed IELTS.  Possess leadership qualities Languages : Malayalam, English and Hindi Hobbies : Reading, Travel and Classical Music

Question 35.
Read the lines from the poem Silent, Strong Dad written’by Karen K. Boyer.
Silent, Strong Dad
(Karep K. Boyer)

He never looks for praises
He’s never one to boast.
He just goes on quietly working
For those he loves the most.
His dreams are seldom spoken.
His wants are very few,
And most of the time his worries
Will go unspoken, too.
He’s there …… a firm foundation
Through alj bur storms of life,
A sturdy hand to hold onto’
In times of stress and strife.
A true friend we can turn to
When times are good or bad.:
One of our greatest blessings,
The man that we call Dad.
Answer:
In her famous poem “Silent, Strong Dad”, Karen K. Boyer speaks about her dad. She says that her father never looks for praises. He’s never one to boast. He just goes on quietly working For those he loves the most. His dreams are seldom spoken. His wants are very few. Most of the time, his worries will go unspoken too. He’s a firm foundation. Through all our storms of life his is a sturdy hand to hold to In times of stress and strife. He is a true friend we can turn to. When times are good or bad, he is one of our greatest blessings. The poem is in rhyme and the rhyming scheme is abcb.

“Any Woman” by Katharine Tynan is about “Mother’s Love”. There is a saying that since God could hot be everywhere at the same time, he created mothers. It shows the importance of mothers. Mother is a synonym for love. Their love is unconditional. They expect nothing in return for the love they give you. That is the most important thing about a mother’s love.

Right from the time a child is formed in the womb, the mother starts loving her baby. Once the baby is born, its entire care is done by the mother. Feeding it, cleaning it, nursing it, making it sleep, making it comfortable – all this is done by the mother. When her child is sick, the mother keeps awake the whole night nursing her child. She knows without her the child will not live and grow comfortably. That is why we see her praying, “God don’t take my life away until my children grow up!” Mother’s love is unique and there is nothing that can be compared to it. What we are today is the result of our mothers’ love.

The poem is in simple language. The entire poem is an exquisite metaphor. It is in rhyme. Except the first stanza, the rhyming scheme is abab. Between the two poems, I prefer the poem “Any Woman” by Katharine Tynan.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2023 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two English Previous Year Question Paper March 2023

Time : 2 1/2 Hours
Maximum : 80 scores

Questions 1 – 8 Answer all questions. Each carries 1 score. (8 × 1 = 8)

Read the passages and answer the questions that follow:
I come home at the end of four years of research in North India, having earned a doctoral degree and generous praise for my work on making toys with husk; bored with eating chapaties day after day, I’m eager to eat a meal of athikira rice.

Question 1.
Identify the poet.
Answer:
Chemmanam Chacko

Question 2.
Who has gone to North India?
Answer:
The elder son of the rice farmer. The farmer used to cultivate rice, but he has stopped cultivating rice and has moved to rubber.

Question 3.
What is the purpose of his journey?
Answer:
The purpose of his journey was to make researches and get a doctorate in “Making Toys with Husk”

Question 4.
What is he eager about to eat from home? She went about her repetitive, mundane work with an ‘infectious cheerfulness.
Answer:
He is eager to eat “athikira” rice from home.

Question 5.
Who is ‘she’ referred to in the passage?
Answer:
Ratna, the colleague of the narrator of “Horegallu”, by Sudha Murty.

Question 6.
Identify the speaker.
Answer:
The speaker is the narrator in the story “Horegallu” by Sudha Murty.

Question 7.
What is the figure of speech used here?
Answer:
Oxymoron (“infectious” and “cheerfulness” don’t go together).

Question 8.
Choose the phrase from the passage which means ability to spread happiness.
Answer:
Infectious

Questions 9-12. Answer any three questions. Each carries 2 scores. (3 × 2 = 6)

Question 9.
Why does the poet dislike sitting on a dentist’s chair ‘with his mouth wide open?’
Answer:
The poet dislikes sitting on a dentist’s chair with his mouth wide open because some tortures are physical and some tortures are mental but the dental torture is both.

Question 10.
(a) Neither the shoes nor the bag (match)the dress.
Answer:
matches

(b) These trousers (need) to be ironed.
Answer:
need

Question 11.
Ashapurna Debi compares women to match boxes. Do you agree? Give reason.
Answer:
don’t agree. Women are loving, tolerant and slow to anger. Mothers cannot be matchboxes.

Question 12.
‘Women deserve equality and not reservation.’ Write 2 points either to support or counter the statement.
Answer:
a) Women are not as aggressive as men and so they need reservation if we want to give them the recognition they deserve.

b) If there are no reservations for women, there will be no woman in our municipalities, corporations, Assemblies and the Parliament. Although there are more women in Kerala than men, there are only 3 women ministers here against the 18 men.

Questions 13-19. Answer any five questions. Each carries 4 scores. (5 × 4 = 20)

Question 13.
If you have the two options of becoming a government servant or an entrepreneur, which one would you prefer? Express your thoughts in a paragraph.
Answer:
I would prefer to be an entrepreneur. If I am an entrepreneur I can manage the things the way I want.  By being an entrepreneur. I can use my various talents to their full potential. By being an entrepreneur I will be able to provide job opportunities ‘ to many other people. By being an entrepreneur, I can do the things I like, the way I like. I don’t like to work sitting at a particular place doing the same kind of job from 9 to 5 from Monday to Friday and ’ nothing to do on the weekends. I will be proud to know that I am the decision maker and I ara not following orders from anyone else. I enjoy taking risks and make use of my leadership qualities.

Question 14.
“Women sometimes lack confidence to match their competence.” Comment on the statement.
Answer:
Women are intelligent and competent in nature. We have seen very powerful women in history including our Indira Gandhi. But sometimes women, generally speaking, lack confidence and they are reluctant to do many things. The conviction that we can do things ’ is very important in life. For that you have to have belief in yourself. But very often many women lack this self-belief. They start doubting if they can do certain things and they are not willing to take the risk. In India we have very powerful women even now.

We have people like Mamata Banerjee who are very strong and they are not afraid of anybody or anything. But such ladies are rare. I think our society is responsible for making our women lack confidence. From the beginning of their lives, the women are told that they are to live as daughters, wives and mothers and they should learn to submit to the father first, and then to the husband. Unfortunately women are even branded the “weaker sex” which is an injustice to women.

Question 15.
Justify the aptness of the title of the story “Crime and Punishment.”
Answer:
I think the title “Crime and Punishment” by R.K. Narayan is an apt one for the story. There is crime and then there is punishment. The boy does the crime of repeating the same mistake wilfully and he gets slapped as punishment. Slapping is the crime by the teacher and he gets punishment from the boy. That is why he has to act as a station mater and tell him so many stories ad run after him, all against his will. In fact there is a world famous novel by the same name by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Narayan must have copied the title. But in Dostoyevsky’s novel, the crime is murder and not the small mishiefs in R.K. Narayan’s story.

Question 16.
“Stammer” symbolizes the ability to protest, respond and react to the evils of the society. Do you agree? Comment.
Answer:
I quite agree with the statement that stammer symbolizes the ability to protest, respond and react to the evils of the society. In his famous poem “Stammer”, the poet, K. Satchidanandan, stresses how stammer becomes equivalent to one’s mother tongue. It also specifies how these flaws which are specified here as stammer add additional power to the one who stammers. The poet says that stammer can be labelled as a mode of speech wherein silence alsd becomes something meaningful. The poet further stresses that there is a need for the reader to fill in the gaps themselves to derive their own meaning from stammering. The beauty of Stammer is how it basks in its own ambiguity. It is further shown how stammering is not just an item in the complex world of imperfections. The poet feels that God himself had stammered when he created man.

Question 17.
“Good fences make good neighbours”. Elaborate the idea in a paragraph.
Answer:
Good fences make good neighbours means it is good to have some limits between neighbours so that their relations will remain healthy at all times. If there is unlimited freedom between neighbours, trouble will soon start. Suppose you grow goats in your house. Your neighbour has a vegetable garden. If there is no fence your goats will go and eat up the vegetables of your  neighbour. Will he like it? Suppose your neighbour’s children come and open your fridge and eat up all the good food you have kept there. Will you like it? So there ‘must be some boundaries between neighbours and only then there will be good relations.

Question 18.
Edit the following: Today, over fifty years later, the stream have dried up, women walks long distances to water which is not always clean, and children will never know what they has lost.
Answer:
Today, over fifty years later, the stream has dried up, women walk long distances to get water which is not always clean, and children will never know what they have lost.

Question 19.
Assistant : “No parcel for me to weigh?”
Mrs. Smith : Good gracious, no! I’ve sent all my presents and cards. I believe in posting early for Christmas.
Assistant : “I wish more people would do that.”
Answer:
The Assistant asked Mrs. Smith if she hadn’t any parcel for her to weigh. Mrs. Smith exclaimed and said she had sent all her presents and cards. She believed in posting early for Christmas. The Assistant wished more people did that.

Questions 20 – 25. Answer any five. Each carries 6 scores.

Question 20.
As the reporter of the BBC News you are present at the court during the time of Gresham’s trial. Give a live TV report regarding the trial.
Answer:
John Gresham was brought to the court for trial. He was looking sad and distressed. The charge against him was that he had misappropriated a huge sum of money from the bank which he owned. Robert Baldwin was the governor of the bank. Many people, including the children of Baldwin, think that he knew about the misappropriation. But the fact is that Baldwin is an honest man and he would not support such a crime.

The judge asked John Gresham if he was really guilty of the charge against him. Everybody expected John Gresham to deny the charge. But surprising everybody including the judge, Gresham said he was guilty. He added that Robert Baldwin who was the governor of the bank had no knowledge about the misappropriation, which he did all by himself. He is sorry for what he has done, and he is ready to accept whatever punishment the court gives him.

Question 21.
Explain the significance of the title ‘Horegallu’.
Answer:
“Horegallu” means a stone that can bear weight. In the story “Horegallu” by Sudha Murty, the horegallu is ‘a large flat stone placed horizontally over two vertical ones. Thus it acts as a stone bench where travellers can sit, talk with one another and share their burdens or troubles of life. “Horegallu” symbolically means an active listener who listens to the problems and worries of others with sympathy, patience and without any judgement. This active listener should be a positive person Who must have a positive outlook on life. Then only he/she can listen to the burdens of others and give them some kind of psychological relief. The listener may not be able to do anything to help the person who tells him of the problems. But these human horegallus give a chance for others to lighten their burdens. This is the significance of the title.

Question 22.
Imagine you are selected as the announcer of the match between Argentina and Portugal at the Fifa World Cup 2022. Write the script of the announcement to be made before the match.
Answer:
Ladies and Gentlemen, Qatar has become the focus of attention in,the world. The match between two of the world’s finest teams trying to grab the FIFA World Cup 2022 will soon start. It is Argentina Vs Portugal. The captain of the Argentina team is Lionel Messi. It hasn’t been all plain sailing for Argentina at this World Cup, losing their opening game 2-1 to Saudi Arabia in one of the biggest shocks in the tournament’s history. But Argentina came back into the game in their next two group games to beat both Mexico and Poland 2-0. The Portugal team is captained by Christiano Ronaldo. It is a match between Messi and Ronaldo. Who will win? Will Argentina take the World Cup home? Or will Ronaldo’s Portugal beat Argentina? We shall soon see.

Question 23.
Akanksha Foundation is doing a significant job by transforming the lives of underprivileged children. Draft an e-mail to your friend on your impression about Akanksha Foundation.
Answer:
mehboobsaithu@hotmail.com
Dear Mehboob,
I am sending you this mail to let you know my impressions about Akanksha Foundation. The Akanksha Foundation was founded by Shaheen Mistri. It is a non-profit organization in India, which works with children from low-income communities. The foundation works primarily in the field of education, through its School Project model. Akanksha runs schools in Mumbai, Pune and Nagpur in partnership with the municipalities. Akanksha was founded by Shaheen Mistri in 1991.

She saw that many underprivileged children had no chance of getting any kind of education. She felt sorry for them and she wanted to help. It was not easy for her to start this organization. She approached 20 schools to give her a room for 3 hours in the morning. But all of them refused giving various pretexts. She was about to give up when the principal of Holy Name High School in Colaba agreed to give her one room. This was the first Akanksha Centre. From then the organization has grown and flourished.

I was impressed with the work of Shaheen Mistri. I want to start something like Akanksha for our poor illiterate women in our towh and its outskirts. Let me have your ideas on my proposed project.
Manohar

Question 24.
Bring out the elements of satire in the poem “Rice” highlighting the changes in the attitude of people with the changing times.
Answer:
In his poem “Rice”, Chemmanam Chacko has vehemently satirised the socio-cultural changes especially among the farmers. The poem is laced with scorn and sarcasm. The son of a farmer goes to North India to do a research on making toys with rice husk. He works hard for four years, eating chapati day after day. Finally at the end of four years he succeeds in getting a doctorate. He must have thought of doing research on the possibilities of husk because as the son of a rice farmer, he had plenty of husk at home and also in the homes nearby. By using husk for toy making, a lot of people could find employment in a State notorious for unemployment.

But then there is an anticlimax. When the son returns home with his hard-earned doctorate on making toys with hifsk, there is no husk at all in his house or in the houses around. The farmers there had shifted to
cash crops like rubber as they found rice cultivation inconvenient and non-profitable. Moreover a lot of incentives were given by the promoters to cultivate cash crops. The son finds his father watching people setting up a machine for making rubber sheets.

All the paddy fields are gone and in their places what he sees are the rubber trees and deal-wood trees. There is biting sarcasm in the description of the Chief Minister flying to the Centre to request for more food grains to feed the people here. The son comes home to eat rice after getting fed up with chapatis made of wheat flour. But his wish can’t be fulfilled because here also he has to eat things made of wheat flour as there is no rice. His doctoral degree is now useless as there is no husk to make toys.

Question 25.
Irfan Alam says “It is important to take risks to achieve your dreams.” Comment on this statement.
Answer:
When Irfan Alam says “It is important to take risks to achieve your dreams” he is just repeating what the proverb says, “No pain, no gain”. To achieve one’s dreams one has to take risks. Once Irfan was travelling in a rickshaw and in the middle of the journey he was very thirsty. He asked the rickshaw puller if he had any water. He said he did not have any water because it was expensive to get bottles of water and stack them. Immediately Irfan realised that there was a market for selling water bottles in the rickshaws.

This incident made Irfan think of a project for selling water bottles in the rickshaws. He had the problem-solving skill. We know a child will never learn to walk if he is afraid to take the first step. The Wright brothers would have never flown if they had been afraid. If you have dreams you should be prepared to take risks. Could men go to the moon if they refused to take the risk?

When Pilan found that selling bottles of water in the rickshaws was profitable, he added more items like fruit juice, pre-paid cards, mobile phones etc. Rickshaws were designed to enable them to display advertisements. Then he started SammaaN Foundation which helped the rickshaw pulfers and their families in different ways. SammaaN is profitable, as in one year it made a profit of 8 lakhs.

Question 26-28. Answer any two. Each carries 8 scores.

Question 26.
Saving the youth from drug and alcohol addiction has become the need of the hour. As a volunteer of the anti-narcotic club, prepare a speech to be presented at the school assembly on the topic “Drug Abuse among Teenagers: Causes and Effects.”
Answer:
Drug Abuse among Teenagers: Causes and Effects:
The problem of drug abuse has become a serious menace threatening the future and even the life of the youth, especially the school and college-going youth. This age group is more vulnerable to drug abuse because most of them are teenagers. Teenage is the time of stress and strain. To overcome their stress and strain, many youngsters abuse drugs. These drugs give them temporary pleasure, relieving them of their tensions for some time.

There are many reasons for drug abuse among the youth. They get a lot of money from their parents. Since most families have only one child or two, the parents pamper them. Many parents do not find time to spend with their children. Another reason for drug abuse is peer influence. A third reason is the blind imitation of the so-called glamour boys and girls in films and sports who use drugs. A 4th reason is the easy availability of the drugs. Another reason is the moral laxity of the times. The law-enforcing agencies do not do their work sincerely. There is corruption everywhere and one can do anything if one has money.

Sensual drugs play havoc with the body and mind of their users. The drug addict experiences sensory deprivation. He has a general feeling of physical discomfort and there are personality changes in him. The addict feels depressed. His mental disturbance can be like parano. The addict knows he has a problem. But he does not know its source. He looks at external objects with suspicion. Anything outside scares him and he withdraws further and further into himself.

Drugs also affect the body adversely. Dirty needles and solutions can cause liver diseases, venereal diseases and infection of the kidney and brain. Sniffing cocaine and amphetamines can damage the tissue of the nose. Marijuana and tobacco smoking can cause lung diseases. Babies of women who are addicted to drugs are likely to be born with a lot of problems. A drug addict can easily get pneumonia, tuberculosis and have problems of malnutrition and weight loss. An overdose of any drug can cause resoiratorv or cardiac failure and death.

The drug problems can be solved only through the concerted efforts of the parents, teachers, community leaders and the law-enforcing agencies. Awareness programmes should be conducted about the dangerous effects of drug abuse. The community leaders should help the youth to channel their energies in the right directions. The police must ensure that sensual drugs are not easily available. Drug abuse is a demon that should be exterminated from our midst with all the might we can muster.

Question 27.
“Emancipation and empowerment of women is of prime importance in every society.” In the light of your understanding of the ideas expressed by Christine Legarde, prepare an editorial on the role played by women in the progress of the nation.
Answer:
The Role Played by Women in the Progress of a Nation India’s population today is something like 143 crores, of which 51.6% are male and 48.4 and female. That means nearly half of the population is female. So if we want to progress, we should ensure that both males and females can work with a sense of equality. But unfortunately ours is a patriarchal society which prefers to keep its women at home for doing the household chores, looking after the children and serving their husbands. This has to change. For that women have to be empowered.

If women are to get empowered and get equality with men in various walks of life, first of all they have to change their mindset. It is essential that women be ready to dare the difference. The problem with women is that most of them’ are satisfied with the status quo. They are happy to be ‘housewives’ and they willingly change their names to be Mrs. somebody after their marriage! It is this mindset that needs to change. Women should feel that they have their individualities; their personalities and their existence. They are not mere appendage to men.

Many women of today have multiple needs. Gone are the days when they would be happy at home doing the household chores and looking after the children. Today they need good education. They want to get knowledge and thereby increase their wisdom. They want to know what is happening around the world and they want to read great books about which they have been hearing so many things from others.

Today’s women also want equality with men in job opportunities. If we look at the various professions, we find that most of the employees are men. The people on top also will be men. It is rare to find women executives at the top. Except in professions like teaching and nursing women are not given opportunities like men. Women resent it and they believe that what a man can do a woman can do better. Today women want to be leaders also. Women are often kept out of leadership positions and this is more so in African countries. There they believe that women are incapable of good leadership. But today’s women want to change that attitude. In their opinion, women tend to make decisions based on consensus building, inclusion, compassion and sustainability.

They should be ready to take risk and step outside their comfort zones. The life outside the four walls of home is not all that smooth and comfy. Challenges will be there. Risks will be there. Obstacles will there. But then they have to overcome and show the world they are equal to the task. For that they need the 3 Ls of Empowerment – Learning, Labour and Leadership.

Question 28.
Read the following poem given belw and compare it with “Mending Wall”.

As I Grew Older

Langston Hughes

It was long time ago
I have almost forgotten my dream
But it was there then,
In front of me,
Bright like a sun
My dream
And then the wall rose,
Rose slowly,
Slowly,
Between me and my dream.
Rose until it touched the sky
The wall.
Shadow.
I am black.
I lie down in the shadow.
No longer the light of my dream before me,
Above me.
Only the thick wall.
Only the shadow.
My hands! ,
My dark hands!
Break through the wall!
Find my dream!
Help me to shatter this darkness,
To smash this night,
To break this shadow
Into a thousand lights of sun,
Into thousand whirling dreams
Of sun!
Answer:
The poem “As I grew Older” reflects on a dream the poet had many years ago and has nearly forgotten . by now. At first, his dream seemed as radiant as the sun itself, and he thought it was easy to realise it. But gradually, a barrier separated him and his dream The barrier grew higher, dimming his hopes until it blocked the dream completely like a wall blocking out sunlight.

It cast a shadow over his life, leaving him with the realization that society has defined him as Black. The shadow drains his energy. He can’t see his dream anymore, because of the huge racial barrier and the shadow it casts. He then urges his black hands to find the strength to smash the barrier and attain his dream. He hopes the radiance of the original dream will come back and he will have brighter dreams.

The poem by Langston Hughes is a fine one giving a very good message of hope and optimism. We see a fine simile when he compares his dream to be “bright like a sun”. There is hyperbole when he speaks of “break this shadow into a thousand lights of sun, into a thousand whirjing dreams of sun”. The poem has many themes: racism, alienation, dream and its shattering, optimism, strength, and the cruelty of the society.

Robert Frost’s poem “Mending Wall” examines the nature of interpersonal interactions. There are two different types of people: those who favour barriers and those who do not.

The poet, a New England farmer, is seen in the poem walking alongside his neighbour to mend the stone wall that divides their two fields in the spring. Nature does not like walls. It tried to destroy them. But the neighbour feels “Good fences make good neighbours.”

“Mending Wall” discusses a universal theme. “As I Grew Older” discusses the problems of the Blacks, who feel discriminated. Between the two poems I prefer “As I Grew Older” as it speaks for the marginalised people and ends with high hope and optimism.

HSE Kerala Board Syllabus Plus Two English Previous Year Model Question Papers and Answers Pdf HSSLive Free Download are part of SCERT Kerala Plus Two Previous Year Question Papers and Answers. Here HSSLive.Guru have given Higher Secondary Kerala Plus Two English Previous Year Sample Question Papers with Answers based on CBSE NCERT syllabus.

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Class	Plus Two
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Kerala Plus Two English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

• Kerala Plus Two English Question Paper March 2024
• Kerala Plus Two English Question Paper March 2023
• Kerala Plus Two English Question Paper March 2022
• Kerala Plus Two English Question Paper March 2021
• Kerala Plus Two English Question Paper March 2020
• Kerala Plus Two English Board Model Paper 2023
• Kerala Plus Two English Board Model Paper 2022
• Kerala Plus Two English Board Model Paper 2021
• Kerala Plus Two English Board Model Paper 2020
• Kerala Plus Two English Board Model Paper 2019
• Kerala Plus Two English Question Paper March 2019
• Kerala Plus Two English Question Paper March 2018
• Kerala Plus Two English Question Paper SAY 2018
• Kerala Plus Two English Question Paper March 2017
• Kerala Plus Two English Question Paper March 2016
• Kerala Plus Two English Model Question Paper Set 1
• Kerala Plus Two English Model Question Paper Set 2
• Kerala Plus Two English Model Question Paper Set 3
• Kerala Plus Two English Model Question Paper Set 4

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Kerala Plus Two Political Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 3 US Hegemony in World Politics

Question 1.
Which among the following statements about hegemony is incorrect?
a. The word implies the leadership or predominance of one state.
b. It was used to denote the predominance of Athens in ancient Greece.
c. The country having hegemonic position will possess unchallenged military power.
d. Hegemonic position is fixed. Once a hegemon, always a hegemon.
Answer:
Hegemonic position is fixed. Once a hegemon, always a hegemon.

Question 2.
Which among the following statements is wrong about the contemporary world order?
a. There is an absence of world government, which could regulate the states’ behaviour.
b. The US is the predominant player in world affairs,
c. States are using force against one another.
d. States, which violate international law, are severely punished by the UN.
Answer:
d. States, which violate international law, are severely punished by the UN.

Question 3
Which among the following statements is wrong with regard to ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’?
a. More than forty countries joined in the US-led coalition to invade Iraq.
b. The reason given for invading Iraq was to prevent it from developing weapons of mass destruction.
c. The action was taken with the prior approval of the UN.
d. The U.S.led coalition did not face major resistance from Iraqi forces.
Answer:
d. The U.S. – led coalition did not face major resistance from Iraqi forces.

Question 4
Match the following.

Answer:
1 – c , 2 – a, 3 – d, 4 – b

Question 5

• Operation desert storm
• Operation Infinite Reach
• Operation Enduring Freedom.

Prepare brief notes about the above mentioned operations performed by USA as a part of their power hegemony.
Answer:
In 1990. Iraq invaded Kuwait and annexed it. After a lot of discussions, the Liberation Army led by America forcefully freed Kuwait from Iraq. In this liberation army there were 660,000 soldiers. They came from 34 nations. This operation was known as “Operation Desert Storm”. This shows the disparity between America and other countries in technology. In the UN allied forces, more than 75% of the soldiers were Americans. Some people call this war as a computer war. Since it was telecast everywhere in the world, it is also called video game war. One could watch on TV how Iraq was defeated by sitting in ; one’s room.

In 1998, there were bomb attacks in the American embassies in Nairobi (Kenya), Dar-e-salaam and Tanzania. The attacks were carried by the Muslim terrorist organization Al-Qaida. After these attacks, American President Bill Clinton started his “Operation Infinite Reach”. He attacked the terrorist camps in Sudan and Afghanistan by dropping missiles there. These attacks were not carried out with the permission of the UN or according to the International Laws. On 11 September 2001,19 terrorists . hijacked 4 American planes and made them fly against some strategic buildings in America. Two of them hit the twin-towers of the World

Trade Centre.
One crash-landed on the Pentagon, which is the headquarters of American defence. The 4th one had to land in field in Pennsylvania. The American Congress Headquarters is nearby there. This attack is known as 9/11 (which menns. September .1 f). Some 3000 people died in the attacks. It was the biggest attack America ever faced after its formation in 1776. After this, America started its operation “Enduring Freedom”. It is aimed against the terrorists like the Al-Qaida and the Taliban of Afghanistan.

Question 6.
With the attack on World Trade Centre, USA openly started measures to wipe out the terrorism from the entire world.
Prepare a brief explanation about the different steps taken by USA.
Answer:
After the terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre, America started making plans to eliminate terrorism from the’entire world. This is the goal behind “Operation Enduring Freedom”. It was against the people who destroyed the World Trade Centre, mainly Al-Qaida and Taliban. Americans arrested the suspects even without the knowledge of the governments of the countries.of which they were citizens.

They were brought to America and kept in secret jails. Some were taken to the American Naval Base near the Bay of Guantanamo. Neither the American laws nor international laws came to the rescue of these suspects. Even members of the UN were not allowed to visit these prisoners.

Question 7.
In this unipolar world USA exerts its supremacy upon the rest of the world as world police, as controlling factor of UNO. controls Global economy etc. This does not mean that the USA is free from all sorts of restrictions. Identify the different constraints upon USA.
Answer:
Their restrictions come in three ways:

1. Division of Authority
2. Mass Media
3. NATO

Division of Authority:
In America, authority is divided. There the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary have powers. The President can’t use the military power the way he feels.

Mass media:
Mass media frequently try to find out the views of the people. They try to evaluate the style of government and the politics of the country. American military actions also will be an important subject for discussion and evaluation. It is the mass media that plays a big role in the opinion formation.

NATO:
To an extent, it is NATO that keeps America under some control. America tries to maintain good relations with democratic countries. It also wants to do well in the market. So we can say that NATO exercises some sort of control over the policies of America.

Question 8
In the bipolar world India adopted more or less a pro USSR attitude .But in this unipolar world India adopted a pro-USA attitude.
Identify the benefits achieved from this shift.
Answer:
Recently two factors played big roles in the Indo- American relations. One is technology and the other is the contribution made by Indians in the American job market.

• 65% of India’s software export is bought by America.
• 35% of the technical experts in the Boeing Company are Indians.
• Some 300,000 Indians work in the Silicon Valley.
• In the higher technical industrial field, it is Indian Americans that have started 15% of the US companies.

Question 9.
Recently the world witnessed the hegemony of USA. This does not mean that all the states particularly the 3rd world countries willing fully recognize the hegemony. These countries are adopting different strategies to overcome US hegemony. Identify them.
Answer:
We know that no country today can match the power of America. But through certain policies we can over come the hegemony of America.

• China, India and Russia should make a military pact.
• To resist American hegemony, even as we acknowledge their superiority, get as many benefits from them as possible.
• Keep a safe distance from them. A kind of hide-and- seek will do us good.

Question 10.
The concept hegemony was originated in ancient Greek city state Athens. In this modern period USA exhibits its hegemony through the following ways.
Hegemony as Hard power
Hegemony as structural power
Hegemony as soft power.
Prepare an essay about the hegemony of USA.
Answer:
World nations try to gain and maintain dominance over others by using military, economic and cultural power. During the Cold War the fight was between the Soviet Union and America. With the disintegration of the Soviet, Union America remains the only Superpower. Dominance or hegemony is attained through three things:

• Hard Power
• Structural Power
• Soft Power

Hard Power:
This includes military power and the relations between nations. Today America is in the forefront of military power. There is nobody to challenge its military might. It has the capacity to reach any corner of the world any moment. They spend a major part of their budget to maintain this position. They spend huge sums of money for research and technological developments. It is technology that keeps America in the forefront. With their military might they are even ready to police the world, and punish the culprits.

Structural Power:
This dominance is based on the economic structure. The global economic system relies on America. If America helps the global economic system, it is mainly for their benefits and profits. But America does a lot of good things for the world. For example, communication channels through the oceans. Merchant ships travel through sea routes and America has much authority on the water transport system. It is the American navy that keeps the sea-routes safe for ships.

Additional Question

Question 1.
What is meant by Operation Desert Storm?
Answer:
In 1990 Iraq attacked Kuwait and annexed it. The UN judged that Kuwait should be freed using military action against Iraq. As a result soldiers numbering 660,000, under American command, attacked Iraq and freed Kuwait. This operation is known as the Operation Desert Storm.

Question 2.
AI- Qaida?
Answer:
Al-Qfsritfa is terrorist organization. Muslim extreme this organization. In 1998, it bombed the American embassies in Nairobi (Kenya), Tanzania and Dar-e-salaam. Osama bin Laden was the leader of Al-Qaida.

Question 3.
Which American President launched Operation Enduring Freedom?
Answer:
George W. Bush

Question 4.
What are the constraints on American hegemony today? Which one of these do you expect to get . more important in the future?
Answer:
By the beginning of the 21st century, America be-came a huge Superpower. But American dominance is controlled within America itself. There are three controls that keep America in check.

• The first control comes from the Constitution. It is based on the division of powers. Powers are divided among the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. This provision is capable of preventing America embarking on a military adventure.
• The second control comes from the openness seen in the American system. Public opinion is very strong in America. The mass media keeps a close watch on the government and its activities.
• The third control comes from NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Plus Two Political Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers

Kerala Plus Two Political Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 5 Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System

Question 1.
Which of these statements about the 1967 election is are correct ?
a) Congress won the Lok Sabha elections but lost the Assembly elections in many states.
b) Congress lost both Lok Sabha and Assembly elections.
c) Congress lost majority in the Lok Sabha but formed a coalition government with the support of some other parties.
d) Congress retained power at the Center with an increased majority.
Answer:
a) Congress won the Lok Sabha elections but lost the Assembly elections in many states.

Question 2.
The term “Aya Ram, Gaya Ram” is associated with :

1. Corruption
2. Green Revolution
3. Politics of Defection
4. Decentralisation

Answer:
Politics of Defection

Question 3.
Match the following.

Answer:
a-iv; b-i; c-ii; d-iii

Question 4.
Whom would you identify with the following slogans/ phrases ?
a) Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan
b) Indira Hatao
c) Garibi Hatao
Answer:
a. Lai Bahadur Sastri
b. Grand Alliance
c. Indira Gandhi

Question 5.
Which of the following statement about the Grand Alliance of 1971 is correct?
The Grand Alliance
a) was formed by non- Communist, non- Congress parties.
b) had a clear political and ideological programme.
c) was formed by all non- Congress parties.
Answer:
a) was formed by non- Communist, non- Congress parties.

Question 6.
Among the following leaders who is associated with the concept of ‘Non Congressism’
a) N. Sanjeeva Reddy.
b) Ram ManoharLohia
c) V.V.Giri
d) S. Nijalingappa
Answer:
b) Ram ManoharLohia

Question 7.
In the Presidential Election of 1969 one of the following leaders contested as the official candidate of congress. Identify the leader.
a) N.Sanjeeva Reddy.
b) V.V.Giri
c) Moraiji Deasi
d) Charan Singh
Answer:
a) N.Sanjeeva Reddy.

Question 8.
One of the following Prime Ministers proposed the slogan ‘Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan’. Identify the Prime Minister.
a) Indira Gandhi.
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Lai Bahadur Sastri
d) Morarji Desai
Answer:
c) Lai Bahadur Sastri

Question 9.
The slogan “ Garibi Hatao” is associated with one of the following Prime Ministers Identify the Prime Minister.
a) N.Sanjeeva Reddy.
b) V.V.Giri
c) Morarji Deasi
d) Indira Gandhi
Answer:
d) Indira Gandhi

Question 10.
Identify the personalities associated with Tashkent
Agreement
a) Lai Bahadur Sastri
b) ……………..
Answer:
Muhammad Ayub Khan

Question 11.
Due to the split in the Congress, it was divided into two in 1969. Identify the ‘Groups’
a) Congress (O)
b) …………….
Answer:
Congress (R)

Question 12.
In 1971 General Election the opposition parties formed an alliance against congress. Identify the alliance.
a) National DemocraticAlliance
b) Great Alliance
c) GrandAlliance
d) United Progressive Alliance
Answer:
c) Grand Alliance

Question 13.
Succession was a major problem in almost all newly democratic countries. India faced this problem after the death of Nehru. Give a brief explanation about the successful outcome of this issue.
OR
“The new Prime Minister of India in spite of all forebodings, had been named with more dispatch, and much more dignity, than was the new Prime Minister of Britain”. This was the editorial comment of a news paper comparing the political succession after Nehru with the succession drama after Harold Macmillan in Britain. Do you think the succession after Nehru provided a sign of maturity of India’s democracy? Express your opinion.
Answer:
Nehru died on 27 May 1964. It brought a lot of confusion. Two questions arose: “Who would be his successor?” And “Will Democracy remain in India after the death of Nehru?” Democracy could not continue in many new countries. More over we faced many problems during that period, poverty, inequality, caste, religion, divisive tendencies etc were bothering us. Two incidents proved that democracy was strong in India and its leaders were mature enough to handle any situation.

The then Congress President K. Kamaraj and the leaders discussed the issue of succession and they chose Lai Bahadur Sastri to be the next leader and naturally he became the PM. Thus it was proved that the big question “Who After Nehru?” was not all that important.

There was also uncertainty at the untimely death of Lai Bahadur Sastri. He died soon after signing the Tashkent Agreement (10 January 1966). The competition was between Morarji Desai and Indira Gandhi. The elders of the Party supported Indira Gandhi. But her choice was not unanimous. Through secret ballot she was elected to the post of the PM. Thus democracy continued without any serious problem.

Question 14.
The senior Congress leaders believed that it must have been difficult for Indira Gandhi to lead the government. So her inexperience would compel her to be dependent on them for support and guidance. But she was able to gain control overthe party and started demonstrating her leadership skills. Can you explain how Indira Gandhi overcame the difficulties?
Hints :

1. Fourth general election, 1967.
2. Non Congressism.
3. Syndicate.
4. Defection.
5. Presidential Election 1969
6. The 1971 Election

Answer:
After Lai Bahadur Sastri, Indira Gandhi became the PM. Her coming to power was not through a unanimous decision. Morarji Desai had contested against Indira Gandhi. Indira was chosen through a secret ballot among the members of the Congress. The elderly leaders supported Indira. They thought that because of her lack of experience in administration, she would come to them for advice and suggestions. But Indira Gandhi soon proved that she could handle even difficult problems by herself.

During the 4th General Election, the country was experiencing some very difficult problems. There was lack of rain. There were droughts and food production was very low. Industrial output and export were also low. The Wars of 1962 and 1965 increased military expenses greatly. She overcame these problems through

proper planning, utilization of available resources and changes brought about in the economic policies. One of her first decision was to fight inflation by devaluing the Indian Rupee. Many people thought that she devalued the Rupee under pressure from the US. This devaluation increased the price of essential goods. The lack of foodstuff and unemployment adversely affected the financial well-being of the nation. People started reacting. There were hartals and bandhs here and there. The government looked at them as a law and order problem. Indira had to answer questions put forward by the Opposition.

The Communist Party and the Socialist Party began protests. The CPI (M) even organized armed struggle and agricultural worker’s protests. The Opposition Parties came together against the policies of the government. They thought that Indira’s inexperience and the groupism in the ruling party would enable them to topple the government. Ram Manohar Lohia spoke about “Non-Congressism”. In his view the Congress rule was
anti-democratic and against the interest of the masses. The big Hindu-Muslim riots after independence also occurred at this time.

It was during this confused state of affairs, the first election after Nehru’s death was conducted. The result was favourable to Congress. It was a ‘political earthquake’. Congress was able to retain its majority in the Lok Sabha. But it was a very small majority. In many States it lost power.

There was a popular talk at that time. It meant that if you took a train from Delhi to Howrah, you would not pass through any Congress ruled State. Defections helped in forming non-Congress governments in many places. The biggest challenge Indira Gandhi had to face was not from the Opposition but from her own party.

She had to a face a powerful Syndicate in the party itself working against her. But soon she was able to take control and took strong measures. She did certain things showing her leaning towards the Left. In 1967, she formed a 10-point action plan. Banks were controlled, insurance was nationalized, and ceiling was set for urban property. She also carried out public distribution of food grains, land reforms, village housing schemes. Although the Syndicate agreed to these changes, it was not happy.

When Dr. Zakir Hussain died in 1969, there was election for the President. During this election the difference between Indira Gandhi and the Syndicate came in the open. The Syndicate nominated Mr Sanjeeva Reddy. Indira Gandhi supported the then Vice President V.V. Giri as an independent candidate. It was around this time that she nationalized 14 banks and stopped the Privy Purse
given to the rulers of the Princely Sates. Morarji Desai opposed both these actions. He resigned from the Ministry.

In the Presidential election, the Congress President N. Nijalingappa asked the Congress MPs and MLAs sto vote for N. Sanjeeva Reddy. Silently supporting V.V. Giri, Indira asked the MPs and MLAs to vote according to their conscience. Ultimately V.V. Giri was elected President. The failure of the official candidate to win, split the Party. The Party ousted Indira Gandhi. But she claimed the real party was her party. The Congress Party of the Syndicate was called Congress (O) and the Congress Party of Indira was called Congress (R). (O) meant Organization and (R) meant Requisitionist. Indira Gandhi termed this division as an ideological division between Socialists and Conservatives and the poor and the rich.

The split in the Congress Party reduced the majority of Indira Gandhi’s government. But with help from the CPI and DMK, the government continued. During this time Indira Gandhi brought strong land reforms bills. In 1970 she recommended the dissolution of the Lok Sabha as she did not want to rule with the help of some other parties. This election was between Congress (O) and Congress (R) and also the Grand Alliance.

The Opposition had only one agenda – remove Indira Gandhi from power. But Indira Gandhi came out with another powerful slogan “Garibi Hatao” (Remove Poverty). Her dream was to have a self-sufficient India. The 1971 election was favourable to the Congress (R) and the CPI. They got 375 seats. By claiming that her Congress was the original Congress, Indira was able to gain the upper hand in Indian politics.

Question 15
After the fourth general election there emerged a popular saying that “one could take a train from Delhi to Howrah and not pass through a single congress ruled state”. Can you recollect the reason behind this saying?
OR
The observers described the election result of the fourth election as a political earthquake’. This result brought some fundamental changes in Indian politics. Can you evaluate the general election result of 1967?
Answer:
From 1952 elections, until the 4th election, Congress could gain clear majority in both the Centre and States. But with the 4th election things changed. The financial crisis, succession following the death of Lai Bahadur Sastri, the devaluation ofthe Indian Rupee, inflation – all these things adversely affected the Congress. It was the first election after the death of Nehru. The Opposition Parties joined togetherto fight the Congress.

In the circumstances, the election result was a real earthquake. Although Congress could maintain its majority in the LokSabha, it was the smallest majority so far. Almost half of the ministers in the Indira Ministry failed to be relected. In 7 States Congress lost power. In two other States, because of Defection, Congress could not form governments. Thus 9 States – Punjab, Haryana, UP, MP, Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa, Madras and Kerala were lost by the Congress. In Madras a regional party, the DMK, came to power with clear majority. This was the first Non-Congress, single party government. In the other 8 States coalition governments were formed. That is how the popular saying emerged.

Question 16.
Aya Ram, Gaya Ram’ was a political usage developed after 1967 general election. Can you identify the feature this usage represents.
1. Coalition.
2. Non-Congressism.
3. Defection.
4. Syndicate.
Answer:
Defection

Question 17.
“Aya Ram, Gaya Ram” is a usage developed due to defection which means an elected representative leaves the party on whose symbol he/she was elected and joins another party. Can you narrate the story of Aya Ram, Gaya Ram’?
Answer:
Literally speaking the saying means “Ram came, Ram went”. But this shows defection by MPs and MLAs, In 1967, an MLA named Gayalal made a defection in Haryana. He changed his party 3 times in 2 weeks. From Congress he went to the United Front, then he came back to the Congress and then, after 9 hours, he went back to the United Front. It was his quick defections that gave birth to this saying.

Question 18.
The period of 1960s was labeled as the ‘Dangerous Decade’ for Indian Democracy. Can you briefly list the reasons for this description?
Answer:

1. During this period we had to fight two wars – with China and Pakistan.
2. The death of Nehru adversely affected the rebuilding of the nation.
3. Problems like poverty, inequality, religious and caste differences, regional divisive tendencies etc became challenges to democracy and nation-building.
4. Lack of rain causing droughts, insufficient food production, shortage of grain, shortfall in industrial production etc threatened our economic security.
5. Increased military expenses, spending money earmarked for certain projects for other things adversely affected developmental programmes.
6. Because of the devaluation of the Indian Rupee, prices of things went up.
7. The Hindu-Muslim Riots.
8. The split in the Congress because of the issue of succession.
9. The lack of a political party which could replace Congress in power.

Question 19.
During 1960’s the Indian political scenario witnessed some major developments. Some ofthe major con¬cepts during this period are mentioned below. Con you explain them?

• Non Congressism.
• Coalitions.
• Defections.
• Syndicate.
• Privy Purse.
• Garibi Hatao.

Answer:
Non-Congressism:
With the 4th Lok Sabha elections, the opposition Parties realized that it was their disunity that made the Congress come to power every time. So they decided to work together. They had to make compromises to achieve this unity. They thought that they could defeat Congress by capitalizing on the inexperience of Indira Gandhi and the internal squabbles in the Congress itself, it was Ram Manohar Lohia that put forward this idea. His argument was that Congress rule was not democratic and pro-masses. So he wanted all the Opposition Parties to unite against Congress.

Coalition Partners:
In the 1967 elections, Congress could not get majority in many States. No single party had the majority to make the government. So some non-Congress parties joined together and formed governments. This was known as SVD Governments (Samyukta Vidhayak Dal Governments). Thus there were SVD Popular and United Front governments.

Defection:
This is the name given to a situation where a candidate joins another Party after winning the election. He contests as a member of one party and when he wins, he joins another party because of some selfish interests. After the 1967 elections, Defection helped in the formation of some governments and also the fall of other governments.

Syndicate:
Syndicate is the group of powerful and influential leaders. Syndicate had done a lotto make Indira Gandhi Prime Minister. The Syndicate members thought that Indira would act according to their wishes. The prominent members of the Syndicate were K. Kamaraj, S.K. Patil, S. Nijalingappa, N. Sanjeeva Reddy and Atulya Ghosh.

Privy Purse:
After independence, the Princely States were integrated into the Indian Union. But the ruling families were allowed to keep some landed properties and they were to be given some annual grant by the Government. This grant is called Privy Purse. When Indira Gandhi won in the 1971 election, she stopped the Privy Purse.

Garibi Hatao:
In the 5th election, Indira Gandhi had to fight against Congress (O) as well as the other Opposition Parties. The Opposition had no fixed agenda. Indira Gandhi said they had only one agenda and that was “Remove Indira”. Asa counter slogan to this one she came out with a new slogan “Garibi Hatao (Remove Poverty). This slogan attracted the poor and landless people to her Congress (R).

Question 20.
After the split in congress in 1969 the group led by Indira Gandhi was known as ‘Congress ( R) or Requisitions or New Congress’. Can you identify the reason behind considering this group as requisitions.
Answer:
In 1969, the differences between Indira Gandhi and the Syndicate came out in the open. After the death of Zakir Hussain, the Syndicate nominated N. Sanjeeva Reddy as the Presidential Candidate. But Indira Gandhi supported the then Vice President V.V. Giri as the Presidential candidate. Before the elec¬tion the Congress President S. Nijalingappa asked all the MPs and MLAs of the Congress to vote for Sanjeeva Reddy. The followers of Indira Gandhi wanted a meeting of the AICCto discuss the issue but it was not convened. Because of this requisition forthe meeting, the group supporting Indira Gandhi was called Requisition  Group – (Congress (R).

Additional Questions

Question 1
What do you mean by Coalition government?
Answer:
When, after election, no political party gets a clear majority, many parties join together to form the government. When a government is formed by a group of different parties, it is called Coalition Government (Ministry). In other words in the Coalition Government, there will be two or more political parties. The most important characteristic of this type of government is its uncertainty.

Question 2.
won an election in India with the slogan ‘Garibi Hatao’.
Answer:
Congress

Question 3.
…………… was the founder of Congress Socialist Party.
Answer:
Ram Manohar Lohia

Question 4.
Whom would you identify with the following slogans/ phrase?
Answer:
a) Lai Bahadur Sastri
b) Grand Alliance
c) Indira Gandhi

Plus Two Political Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers

 

Kerala Plus Two Political Science SAY Question Paper 2015

Question 1.
Identify the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India. (1)
Answer:
Morarji Desai

Question 2.
“Milkman of India passed away” was an important news of recent national dailies. Can you identify the Milkman of India? Write a short note an White Revolution (2)
Answer:
Varghese Kurian
Varghese Kurian was the Father the White Revolution of India. It was a scheme started in 1970 to bring revolutionary progress in the milk production of the country.

Question 3.
Congress Party in India had an accommodative character “At the time of Independence, the party transformed into a rainbow like social structure”. From the above statement analyse Congress functioned like a social and ideological coalition. (3)
Answer:
My dear teacher, my dear students, the seminar paper I am presenting today is about the “Dominance of a Single Party in Indian Politics”. In all the 3 general elections after independence, the Congress won brutal majorities. There were some reasons for that.
a) Congress had led Independence struggle.
b) Congress was the only party which had spread all across India.
c) The popularity of Jawaharlal Nehru Because of all these reasons, Congress had expected victory. When the final results came, the astounding success of the Congress Party surprised everyone. It made all other parties lag much behind. It won 364 out of the 489 seats. The same was the case in the States. The exceptions to this were Travancore-Cochin, Madras and Orissa.

In the later two elections (1957,1962) also Congress repeated its success. Some people thought the victory of the Congress Party was because of the system of our election. This system was pro¬Congress. Although 3 out of 4 seats were won by the Congress, it did not have even the support of 56% of the voters. The votes polled by other parties were more than the votes polled by Congress. Now in this seminar, we examine how the votes and dominance of Congress became a landmark in the history of the country.

The dominant nature of Congress :
The dominance of Congress in India was an unusual event in world history. In many other countries democracy was not allowed to take roots. In countries like China, Cuba and Syria the Constitution envisaged one-party rule. But in India, the Congress stood firm on the democratic principles and was able to form governments. Although different parties competed in the free and fair elections, Congress came out first. There were some reasons for the unusual success of Congress.

It had the leadership in the freedom struggle. Secondly, it was the leaders who fought for freedom that stood as the candidates for election. Thirdly only Congress had a good organizational set up at that time. Only Congress had its presence in all the States of India and all this helped in Congress having the upper hand.

Congress as a social and ideological fellowship :
Another reason for the success of Congress was its social and ideological stands. In 1885, when it was formed, it included different social groups and ideologies. It grew as an organization of the intellectuals. But by the 20th century it became an organization for all kinds of people. It used to be a party.of the English-speaking elite in the cities. But with the coming of the Non-Cooperation Movement, its membership spread into the masses. Industrialists, city-dwellers, villagers, labourers, capitalists, etc. became members of the Congress Party.

Thus it became a party representing people at different levels, religions and languages. Many groups integrated themselves with the Congress. Thus Congress became a fellowship of ideologies. It included revolutionaries, peace-lovers, moderates, radials, and people of the left and right ideologies. The first election results itself showed the popularity of Congress.

Tolerance and attitude towards various groups: These two factors made Congress stronger. It had the character of a coalition: Two good things came out of this. First it became a party where all people could join. Amicable settlements to problems became the trademark of the party. Even during the Freedom Struggle itself the party had different leaders with different opinions but they could continue to work together in a spirit of give and take.

Even when a ‘ group did not get a post or position which it deserved, it stayed inside the party and fought for its rights without coming out of the party opposing it. They were called groups. This policy created problems for the Opposition. The things the Opposition was trying to highlight were pointed out by the Congress members themselves.

In short, the dedication the Congress had to democracy, its ability to include differing opinions within itself, and its tolerance of various groups enabled Congress to remain in the number one position for quite a long time. Its leadership during the freedom struggle and the popularity of Nehru proved big assets to the Party. As the functions of the Opposition Parties were carried out within the Party by the different groups, the Opposition became weak.

Question 4.
Match thefollowing:
(a) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya – Communist party
(b) C. Rajagopalachari – Bharathiya jana sangh
(c) AK. Gopalan – Congress
(d) MaulanaAzad – Swathantratha party
Answer:
a) Bhartiya jana Sangh
b) Swatantra Party
c) Communist Party
d) Congress

Question 5.
Sardar Vallabhai Patel is popularly known as the ‘Iron Man of India’.Enumerate the role played by Patel in the annexation of Hyderabad. (4)
Answer:
Independent India faced three kinds of challenges.

1. Integrating India
2. Ensuring the welfare of the people and development
3. Establish the democratic system

1. Integrating India : When India got freedom, it had more than 500 Princely States. The rulers of these places wanted to get back their sovereignty when the British left. The government approached the Princely States keeping three things in mind.

• The majority of people of the Princely States wanted to join Indian Union.
• Giving some kind of self-rule to some Princely . States.
• In the background of the division, we needed States with precision.

Integration :
Except Junagarh, Hyderabad. Kashmir and Manipur, all the Princely States signed in the Instrument of Accession and joined the Indian Union. Then through a referendum, Junagarh joined Indian Union. Because of popular uprising in Hyderabad against the Nizam, the Indian army took some action and got Hyderabad also into the Union.

The Congress Group in Manipur wanted to join the Union, but other parties objected. However, the Manipur king was persuaded and he too joined the Union. Kashmir King also signed the Instruction of Accession to save himself from the attacks of Pakistan and thus Kashmirtoo became part of India.

The division of the country into States on linguistic basis showed that it could accommodate all the diversities. The people can accept the diversities and live in unity. This is the strength of a country. The Telengana protest and the martyrdom of Potti Sriramulu should be remembered here.

b) Ensuring the welfare of people :
India was a poor country. The country has included provisions in the Constitution to ensure protection to the socially backward people, to religious and cultural minorities and to give all the people equality. Through Directive Principles, the Constitution shows us the way to eradicate poverty and to make the marginalized people come into the mainstream society. Five Year Plans : The country has a development model based on socialist principles. We have adopted a mixed economy accommodating both public and private sector enterprises.

c) Establishing democratic system :
Democracy was a discovery of foreigners. But the big thing was that we chose democracy in spite of the fact that India is a poor country and there are many illiterates here. The first election was called the greatest gamble in history by foreign media. A British member of the Civil Service said that the future generations would condemn this democratic process as a foolish enterprise.

The first Election Commission was formed with Dr. Sukumar Sen as the Commissioner, illiterate Indians were supposed to think in terms of caste and creed. But by making a voters’ list based on our secular system and equality, we succeeded in conducting a fair election and we were successful in our democratic experiment.

Question 6.
“Emergency declared in India in 1975 was a servere blow to Indian democracy.” Examine the circumstances which forced Indira Gandhi to declare emergency. (3)
Answer:
After the 1971 election, Indira became a popular leader with a lot of support from the people. This time there were serious problems in the Party. There were three main reasons:
a) Economic Reasons
b) Gujarat & Bihar Movement
c) Dispute with the Judiciary
a) Economic Reasons :
The main slogan in the 1971 election was ‘garibi hatao’. But when the government came to power it could not improve the economic condition of the country. There were a number of reasons for that. First of all there was the refuge problem. Then there was the Bangladesh Crisis, followed by the Indo-Pakistan War. All these things created financial problems. Secondly, after the War, America stopped its aids to India.

Thirdly, there was a sharp increase in oil prices. The 4tfl reason was inflation which made the life of ordinary people very difficult. The 5th problem was negative growth in industrial output. Unemployment increased, especially in the rural sector. Sixthly, the salaries of government employees had to be reduced and even stopped. Seventhly, lack of rain caused serious shortfall in foodstuff.

All the above things created an economic crisis in the country. There was general discontentment in the country. This gave the Opposition Parties an opportunity to organise protests.

b) Gujarat and Bihar Movement :
The second biggest problem was the students’ protest in Gujarat and Bihar which were Congress-ruled States. The main reason was the increase in the prices of essential commodities. Shortage of food, unemployment and corruption made the students angry. In both these States the Opposition Parties supported the students. In Gujarat, Presidential Rule was imposed. At this time the main opponent of Indira Gandhi and the leader of Congress (O), Morarji Desai, decided to go on an indefinite hunger strike.

He did that for demanding elections in Gujarat. In June 1975, because of heavy pressure from various sources, election was conducted. Congress lost the election. In Bihar the students invited Jay Prakash Narayan to lead their protest. He accepted the invitation insisting that the protest must be non-violent. He asked for the dismissal of the Bihar government. He argued that there was a need for a revolution in social, economic and political spheres.

But the Bihar government refused to resign. The entire country discussed the issue. Jay Prakash Narayan wanted to spread the protest to all parts of the country. In the meantime the railway workers went on a strike. It would make the entire country come to a stand-still. In 1975, Jay Prakash Narayan organized a march to the Parliament. It was the biggest rally the capital had ever seen. The Opposition saw in him an alternative to Indira Gandhi. Both the protests were anti-Congress. Voices also rose against the leadership of Mrs. Gandhi. She believed that all this was done to take revenge on her.

c) Dispute with the Judiciary :
Another reason for the declaration of Emergency was Indira Gandhi’s dispute with the Judiciary. The Supreme Court said that some of the things the government did were against the Constitution. Congress argued that the Supreme Court judgement was against democracy and the authority of the Parliament. The Party said that the Court was standing against some welfare measures taken to help the poor people.

The dispute was mainly in three things. Firstly, Can the Parliament change the Fundamental Rights? The Court said no. Secondly, Can the Parliament change ownership of land? Again the Court said no. Thirdly, the Parliament said that it had the right to reduce fundamental rights. It amended the Constitution. But the Supreme Court objected. All these were the reasons for the dispute between the Government and the Supreme Court.

There were two more reasons. In the Kesavananda Bharati case, the Supreme Court judged that the Parliament can’t change the basic structure of the Constitution. Soon the post of the Chief Justice became vacant. Normally the senior most judge is appointed as the Chief Justice. But keeping aside 3 eligible Judges, the government appointed A.N. Roy as the Chief Justice. This appointment became controversial. Besides, the Uttar Pradesh High Court declared the election of Indira Gandhi as null and void. All these were the reasons for Mrs Gandhi to declare Emergency in June 1975.

Question 7.
Match the following:
(a) Anti-Arrack Movement – Medha Patkar
(b) Narmada BachaoAndolan – Uttarakhand
(c) Chipko Movement – Nellore
Answer:
a) Nellore
b)Medha Patkar
c) Uttarakhand

Question 8.
DMK and AIADMK are the two main political parties in Tamil Nadu. These parties are the result of Dravidian Movements in the State.Enumerate the circumstances which give rise to the Dravidian Movement in Tamil Nadu. (3)
Answer:
“Vadakku Vaazhkirathu, Thekku Thaeikirathu” was a slogan of the Dravidian Movement. This is first regional movement in India. Although the Movement wanted to establish a Dravidian Nation, it never resorted to any armed struggle. Using the democratic methods of propaganda and election, the Dravida Munnetta Kazhakam became a strong power.
Dravida Movement:
Dravida Kazhakam (DK) was formed by E.V. Ramaswami, known as ‘Periyor’. This Organization was against Brahmin supremacy and the political and economic supremacy of the Northern States. It was split later and thef DMK (Dravida Munneta Kazhakam) came into existence. In 1953 and 54 it made 3 big agitations and they made DMK an influential party in Indian politics.

1. The first agitation was to change the name of a railway station. Kallakkudi railway station’s name was changed to Dalmiapuram. The DMK wanted to retain the name Kallakkudi.
2. The second agitation was to make Tamil Cultural history as an important part of the school curriculum.
3. The 3rd one was against the handicraft training in the schools. The DMK said that it had a Brahmin touch. The DMK made huge agitations against the plan of making Hindi as the sole official language. The 1965 anti-Hindi protests made DMK very famous. Now there are many Dravidian parties – DMK, AIDMK, Marumalarchi DMK, Pattali Makkal Kakshi, Desiya Moorpoku Dravida Kazhakam and so on. Some of them are known even outside Tamil Nadu.

Question 9.
“In December6,1992 Babri Masjid was demolished. This activity remains as a wound scar on the face of Indian Secularism.” Based on the above statement analyse critically, the consequences of the demolition of Babri Masjid over Indian secular polity. (3)
Answer:
As soon as the news of the demolition of the Masjid came out there were heated arguments between Hindus and Muslims in many places. There were also conflicts between the two communities. That State Government was dismissed. In many States with BJP governments, Presidential rule was imposed. A case was filed against the Chief Minister of UP in the Supreme Court.

The case was for breaching the court verdict. BJP expressed its regret at the tragic incidents that took place. The Central Government appointed a Commission to study the circumstances which led to the demolition of the Mosque. Liberhan Commission submitted its report after 17 years of the incident.

Question 10.
Implementation of Five Year Plan had contributed much to the economic development of the country.
Answer:
The 134 FYP gave importance to the agricultural sector. But the 2nd one stressed industrial development. This raised a question: for a country like India which is more important – agriculture or industry?

Those who supported the agricultural sector said that the 2nd FYP had no definite plan about the agricultural sector and industries might make things more difficult for the villagers. J.C. Kumarappa, a Gandhian economist, prepared a plan about industrialization.

Mr. Choudhary Charan Singh wanted greater stress to be given to the agricultural sector. He said that industrialization brings progress only to business and cities by preventing farmers and villagers from making progress. Supporters of industrialization had a different view. They claimed that only through industries and greater production the eradication of poverty would be possible.

They also claimed that there was a definite agricultural policy for the development of food crops. Through land reforms, poor villagers got land. Funds were made available for social welfare and irrigation. But these policies could not be carried out as planned. The main reason was the objection from big landowners who had political and social power. They felt that even if more money is spent on agriculture, it would not improve the lot of the villagers.

Question 11.
Critically examine the circumstances which led to the Chinese invasion of 1962. What were the main consequences of this war in Indian Politics? (7)
Answer:
In the beginning India and China had cordial relations. It has a historical and cultural background. Nehru played a crucial role in making the relations better. India was the first country to recognize China after the Revolution. Nehru tried to help China in international matters. Because of these good relations, on the India-China border there were only paramilitary forces.

The Panchsheel Agreement as a big landmark out India-China relations. It was signed on April 29 by the PMs of both countries, Nehru of India and Chou- en-Lai of China. Nehru visited China and Chou-en- Lai visited India getting the love and respect of people. Nehru had an open-hearted approach to China. But people like Patel thought China was not a country to be believed. Nehru never expected any attack from China. But in 1962, China did attack India.

Two things spoiled the relations between India and China. One was the Tibetan Issue and the other was border disputes. Even in the 1950s when they were friends, India and China had border disputes. China was not ready to accept our suggestions regarding the border. China claimed Ladakh in Kashmir and some areas of Arunachal Pradesh to be theirs. During the period of 1957-59, they also took Aksai Chin sector and built the Karakoram Highway. The second issue was Tibet. In 1950, China annexed Tibet. It was a breach of faith, in the beginning India kept quiet.

But the Chinese started imposing their culture on the Tibetans. In 1959, the Tibetan Spiritual leader, Dalai Lama, sought refuge in India. China then accused India saying that India was acting against the interest of China. In October 1962 China infiltrated into Indian territories which it claimed to be hers. The first attack lasted a week. Chinese army occupied some place in Arunachal Pradesh. The next attack came a month later. But the Indian army stopped the Chinese in the western part of Ladakh. China declared a unilateral ceasefire and retreated from the places it had taken.

Question 12.
“The Movement against outsiders was a great threat to our national integrity.” How, the problems raised by this movement resolved in Assam? (3)
Answer:
The North-Eastern States have some geographical peculiarities. It was a region that was not closely linked to the rest of the country. It has long international orders, but communications facilities were less there. Its development was neglected to an extent and the problem was made complex by the emigrants that came from other places. In this complex situation, some complex demands were made:

1. Demand for autonomy.
2. Demand for independent nations.
3. Enmity towards people from other places.

1) Demand for Autonomy :
At the time of independence, except Manipur and Tripura, the entire North-Eastern region was just one State. After independence, the non-Assamese felt that Assamese language was imposed on them. Therefore they demanded political self-rule. The Adivasi leaders wanted to keep away from Assam. They formed “Eastern India Tribal Union”. Later it was known as “All Party Hill Leaders Conference”. They demanded one Adivasi State, but more Adivasi States like Meghalaya and Mizoram were formed.

Even with this, their demand for self-rule did not end. The Bodos, Karbis and Dimasas etc. demanded their own States. The same area was demanded by more than one community. Because of that the only solution was forming tiny States. Some stayed in Assam and gained their right for self-rule. The Karbis and Dimasas were given self-rule at the District level. The Bodos were given their self-rule council very recently.

2) Secessionist Movement Mizoram:
India faced demands for secession from two North-Eastern States – Mizoram and Nagaland. After independence, Mizoram region within Assam itself was enjoying self-rule. But many of them thought that they were not part of British India and so there was no reason for them to join India. In 1959 there was a serious famine inthe Mizo Hills. But the Assam government could not take appropriate measures to help the suffering people there.

This caused the formation of Mizo National Front (MNF) under the leadership of Lai Denga, From 1966, they started an armed struggle to get freedom. Pakistan aided them and gave them refuge in Eastern Pakistan. In the conflict many ordinary people were killed. This made the local people very angry.

In spite of the 20-year long resistance, no party made any gain. Then they had a rethinking. The exiled Lai Denga returned from Pakistan and started talks with Indian authorities. In 1986, a peace accord was signed between him and Rajiv Gandhi, Mizoram thus became a State with some special rights. MNF gave up their resistance.

Question 13.
Find the odd one out:
Medha Patkar, B.R. Ambedkar, Sundarlal Bahuguna, Mayilamma. (1)
Answer:
B.R.Ambedkar

Question 14.
Matching the following:
(a) Godhra Incident – Manmohan Singh
(b) B.S.P. – Gujarat
(c) U.P.A. – Kanshi Ram (3)
Answer:
a) Gujatat
b) Kanshi Ram
c) Manmohan Singh

Question 15.
Identify the last President of U.S.S.R.
Answer:
Mikhael Gorbachev

Question 16.
From 1945 to 1991, the world witnessed a peculiar type of war, which was termed as cold war. Explain briefly about the cold war. How it affected the security of the world? (4)
Answer:
After the Second World War, America and Russia became the world’s two Superpowers. Their ideologies were different. Russia followed socialist principles whereas America followed capitalist principles and liberalization Both the countries possessed destructive atomic weapons. They could show their strength anywhere in the world. But their enmity was limited to the Cold War. They tried to expand their influence into different countries without actually fighting a war. After the Second World War the two countries were polarised. This was the start of the cold War.

Small nations wanted to be friendly with these Superpowers to get some benefits for themselves. They wanted to be assured of their security. They got weapons and also economic help. Both the Superpowers were able to keep the entire world in two distinct sides. This happened first in Europe. West European countries aligned with America. East European nations went with Russia. Thus there were “Western Alliance” and “Eastern Alliance”. Cuba followed Russian principles. Both the Superpowers wanted to enlist the support of small countries for many things:

• To get oil and other minerals.
• For making military camps.
• For conducting spy work.
• The small countries could afford to spend some money on the military.

The Cold War was always a threat because any time a real hot war could break out. With the nuclear arsenals both the Groups possessed, the world was in real danger

Question 17.
Expand the abbreviation ASEAN. Name the pillars and objectives of the ASEAN community. (4)
Answer:
Association of South East Asian Nations. It was formed in 1967 with a declaration made in Bangkok. The members of ASEAN are Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and, Brunei. Its main goals are quick economic growth among the member nations, social and cultural progress, peace and stability in the region and providing opportunities for member countries to solve their mutual problems peacefully.

Question 18.
The painful process of transition from socialist system to democratic capitalist system of Soviet Union and its socialist allies was known as . (1)
Answer:
Shock Therapy.

Question 19.
The three kinds of U.S. Hegemony are as follows:
(a) Hegemony as hard power
(b) Hegemony as structural power
(c) Hegemony as soft power
Give two examples each for the three kinds of U.S. Hegemony in world politics. (6)
Answer:
World nations try to gain and maintain dominance over others by using military, economic and cultural power. During the Cold War the fight was between the Soviet Union and America. With the disintegration of the Soviet, Union America remains the only Superpower. Dominance or hegemony is attained through three things:

• Hard Power
• Structural Power .
• Soft Power

Hard Power:
This includes military power and the relations between nations. Today America is in the forefront of military power. There is nobody to challenge its military might. It has the capacity to reach any corner of the world any moment. They spend a major part of their budget to maintain this position. They spend huge sums of money for research and technological developments. It is technology that keeps America in the forefront. With their military might they are even ready to police the world, and punish the culprits.

Structural Power:
This dominance is based on the economic structure. The global economic system relies on America. If America helps the global economic system, it is mainly for their benefits and profits. But America does a lot of good things for the world . For example, communication channels through the oceans. Merchant ships travel through sea routes and America has much authority on the water transport system. It is the American navy that keeps the sea-routes safe for ships.

The next is the Internet. In fact it was an American military project. It was started in 1950. Today the global network functions using satellites. Most of them belong to America. 28% of the world economy is controlled by America. 15% of the international trade is also done by them. In any economic sector, at least one of out of three biggest companies will be American. The world economic structure follows the Breton Woods style of America. The World Bank, I.M.F. and World Trade Organization etc. are examples of American supremacy in world business and finance.

Now comes another example  the MBA degree. It was America that made this course and the degree so popular. It was Americans who discovered that business is a profession that could be taught. The first Business School was established in Pennsylvania in 1881. Its name was Wharton School. Today in all countries MBA has become a prestigious degree.

Soft Power :
This is the ideological and cultural dominance. America has become the model for all other nations and they try to copy America. In weak countries, America is able to make the people like its culture. We all speak highly of the American life style and personal success. America is number one in the world. By using ‘soft power, and not force, America is able to achieve this dominance over the world.

Question 20.
List out the member nations of SAARG. Analyse and prepare a short note on the role and limitations of SAARC as a forum for facilitating economic cooperation among South Asian countries. (4)
Answer:
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Mali, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

• They are not able to solve regional problems.
• Not all countries cooperate in the economic field.
• The countries are not united in their efforts to right terrorism.
• They don’t work together for self-sufficiency.

Question 21.
According to the supporters of Globalisation “Three is no alternative to Globalisation”. Do you agree with this concept? Substantiate your arguments. (3)
Answer:
Globalization is a controversial issue. Therefore it is also criticised greatly. Here are some major criticisms.
1)  The Left-leaning people argue that globalization represents a certain capitalist point of view. Moreover, it makes the rich richer and the poor poorer. Weak governments can’t look after the interests of the masses.
2) Those who support the political rights of the people think that changes may come in their social,  cultural and political spheres. They are worried about 3 things:

• They fear that globalization weakens the government.
• They want self-sufficiency in economy, but they want to keep some things as their own.
• They think it will harm their traditional culture.

Question 22.
What do you mean by‘Global Commons’? How they are exploited and polluted? (3)
Answer:
Some places or areas do not fall under the sovereignty of any country. In this condition, the UN had to come forward to protect them. These are collectively known as “Global Commons”. The earth’s atmosphere, Antarctica, the bottom of the seas, space etc. come
in this category. The responsibility to protect these is not that easy. The reasons for that:

• There are some complex Agreements which include the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, the Montreal Protocol of 1987, and the 1991 Antarctic Environmental Protocol.
• On the basis of not-co-clear scientific proofs, it is difficult to carry out the Environmental Agenda within a limited time. In the 1980s, some holes’ were discovered in the ozone layer in the Antarctic region. Such discoveries are opportunities to solve the environmental problems and, at the same time, they are also great challenges.
• From the use of the space, we can clearly see the inequalities between Global North and Global South.
• Technical and industrial development is the main problem when it comes to ocean floors.

Question 23.
Traditionally the notion of security was confined only to disarmament, military pacts etc. Now-a-days the concept of security had underwent changes.Find out the non traditional sources of security and identify the distinction between traditional and non- traditional security issues. (4)
Answer:
Security is of two kinds – internal and external. A country may face security threats from inside or outside the country. Traditionally we think threats from outside are the greater ones. It will affect the sovereignty of the nation. It will affect its freedom and border security. It will affect the lives of the people. Such a threat is external. There are many ways for a government to face such treats:

• Surrender
• Increase the defence expenditure and prevent others from attacking.
• Once the war starts, defend the country.

Some governments prefer the option of surrender when there is a war. But they will never declare it as a policy. For security there are 4 traditional ways:
1) Prevent the war – this is the first factor.
2) Defence – control the war or end it.
3) Balance of Power – This is a traditional way of ensuring security.-Making alliances and counter-alliances, maintaining the country’s strength, intervening and not intervening, leaving a no man’s land between countries, dividing and ruling, etc. are of the traditional ways.
4) Sign Treaties:
Nations often form joint alliances. This is done to prevent any external attack and defend in case of attacks. Almost all alliances are formed by signing written agreements. The member countries will have a clear understanding as to who is the common enemy. Nations are more concerned with external threats than internal ones. Internal security is also essential. Prior to the World War, the internal security of many powerful nations was much less because they did not give it much importance.

Because of the Cold War, nations gave preference to external threats. It was in the colonies that there were more internal security problems. It was because of the people’s desire for freedom. The newly formed Asian and African countries had to face a lot of internal and external threats. Military attacks by neighbouring countries, army revolts, moves for secession etc. were common. Whenever a nation desires for freedom, such things are common there.

Traditional Security and Cooperation :
For traditional security, cooperation is very important. Everybody knows that attacks can be prevented by cooperation. Some things are recommended to ensure cooperation. They are:

a) Armament and military supplies should be controlled or reduced :
There should be adequate reasons for nations to resort to wars. War is alright in self defence, to resist attacks or to save people from racial killings. Wars should be controlled or limited. People who are not engaged in wars should not be harmed or killed. Those who have surrendered must not be harmed. Only when all other doors are closed, nations should resort to war.

b) Disarmament:
There are 3 ways for cooperation: disarmament, arms limitation and building confidence. Disarmament means not making and stockpiling arms and avoiding the use of biological, chemical and nuclear weapons.

c) Arms Limitation :
This involves controls for keeping arms like ballistic missiles and their development.

d) Building confidence :
A major step in building confidence is the exchange of ideas and information with enemy countries. Thus you tell your opponents that you are not going to make a surprise attack on them. The advantage is that no country will start the attack on some misunderstanding.

Question 24.
As a citizen of India, how do you support India’s candidature for the permanent membership of the Security Council of UNO? Justify your proposal. (6)
Answer:
The UNO should be reformed according to the needs of time. The circumstances today are quite different from the time when UNO was originally formed. The problems facing the world should be solved in a peaceful manner. No country should do the policing of the world. The world is threatened with terrorism. It has to be wiped out. Forthat the developing nations . should have a proper representation in the UN. The demand of India to be a Permanent Member of the Security Council is quite a logical and legitimate one. India fulfills all the criteria to be a permanent member. It demands permanent membership on the following grounds:

• It has the world’s second largest population.
• It is the largest democracy in the world.
• India has participated in the UN activities since its inception.
• It has long relations with the UN Peacekeeping force.
• India’s economic situation is improving.
• India gives regularly to the UN budget. It has never defaulted on any payment.

The above reasons are good enough for India to get a permanent membership in the UN Security Council. Permanent membership has its own significance. India’s importance will increase in world matters. Our foreign policy will influence others.

Plus Two Political Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus Two Political Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World

Question 1.
Security’ implies freedom from threats. There are two notions of security. Such as
a) Traditional notions
b) …………
c) External notions
d) …………
Answer:

Question 2.
The elements of traditional security policies are given below. Identify the missing elements
a) Defence
b) ………..
c) Balance of power
d) …………
Answer:
b. deterrence
d. alliance

Question 3.
Is terrorism a traditional or non traditional threat to security
Answer:
Non-traditional

Question 4.
The non-traditional security notions are divided into two. Identify them.

Answer:

• Human security
• Global Security

Question 5.
The threats against security has undergone tremendous changes. Now a days we are facing new challenges. Identify them.

Answer:
2. terrorism
4. Global poverty

Question 6.
India has developed its own methods for dealing with the threats against our security. Identity and briefly list India’s Security strategy.
India’s security policy has 4 aspects:
A. Increase its military power.
B. Strengthen international institutions and systems to help India’s security interests.
C. Face the internal threats to security.
D. Develop economic power to face non-traditional threats to security.
Answer:

Question 7.
Match the terms with their meaning.
1) Confidence Building Measures (CBMs)
2) Arms Control
3) Alliance
4) Disarmament
(a) Giving up certain types of weapons.
(b) A process of exchanging information on defence matters between nations on a regular basis.
(c) A coalition of nations meant to deter or defend against military attacks.
(d) Regulate the acquisition or development of weapons.
Answer:
1 – b
2 – d
3 – c
4 – a

Question 8.
Which among the following would you consider as a traditional security concern/nontraditional security concern/not a threat?
(a) Spread of chikungunya/dengue fever.
(b) Inflow of workers from a neighbouring nation.
(c) Emergence of a group demanding nation hood for their region.
(d) Emergence of a group demanding autonomy for their region.
(e) A newspaper that is critical of the armed forces in the country.
Answer:
a. non-traditional
b. non-traditional
c. traditional
d. traditional
e. not a threat

Question 9.
Security is a major aspect as far as any state is concerned. Security issues are giving vital importance in modern times. So we have to define what security is . Explain different aspects of security
Answer:
Security means “free from threat”. We face security challenges on a daily basis. All threats can’t be considered security threats. Normally “threat to the essentials” can be considered security threats. Security is connected with the overcoming of the biggest threats. Some security threats can adversely affect even our existence. If we fail to take timely action, things may get out of our control. At the same time we must concern ourselves with the security of the mankind. At different times it could be different.

Question 10.
There are different notions regarding security. These can be divided into two-traditional concept of security and Non-traditional concept of security. Explain the traditional concept of security with the help of the following hints.
Hints: Security against external threats.
Security against internal threats.
Traditional security and co-operation.
Answer:
Security is of two kinds – internal and external. A country may face security threats from inside or outside the country. Traditionally we think threats from outside are the greater ones. It will affect the sovereignty of the nation. It will affect its freedom and border security. It will affect the lives of the people. Such a threat is external.
There are many ways for a government to face Such treats:

• Surrender
• Increase the defence expenditure and prevent others from attacking.
• Once the war starts, defend the country.

Some governments prefer the option of surrender when there is a war. But they will never declare it as a policy. For security there are 4 traditional ways:

• Prevent the war – this is the first factor.
• Defence control the war or end it.
• Balance of Power – This is a traditional way of ensuring security. Making alliances and counter-alliances, maintaining the country’s strength, intervening and not intervening, leaving a no man’s land between countries, dividing and ruling, etc. are of the traditional ways.
• Sign Treaties: Nations often form joint alliances. This is done to prevent any external attack and defend in case of attacks. Almost all alliances are formed by signing written agreements. The member countries will have a clear understanding as to who is the common enemy. Nations are more concerned with external threats than internal ones. Internal security is also essential. Priorto the World War, the internal security of many powerful nations was much less because they did not give it much importance.Because of the Cold War, nations gave preference to external threats. It was in the colonies that there were more internal security problems. It was because of the people’s desire for freedom. The newly formed Asian and African countries had to face a lot of internal and external threats. Military attacks by neighbouring countries, army revolts, moves for secession etc. were common. Whenever a nation desires for freedom, such things are common there.

Traditional Security and Cooperation:
For traditional security, cooperation is very important. Everybody knows that attacks can be prevented by cooperation. Some things are recommended to ensure cooperation. They are:
1. Armament and military supplies should be controlled or reduced:
There should be adequate reasons for nations to resort to wars. War is alright in self defence, to resist attacks or to save people from racial killings. Wars should be controlled or limited. People who are not engaged in wars should not be harmed or killed. Those who have surrendered must not be harmed. Only when all other doors are closed, nations should resort to war.

2. Disarmament:
There are 3 ways for cooperation: disarmament, arms limitation and building confidence. Disarmament means not making and stockpiling arms and avoiding the use of biological, chemical and nuclear weapons.

3. Arms Limitation:
This involves controls for keeping arms like ballistic missiles and their development.

4. Building confidence:
A major step in building confidence is the exchange of ideas and information with enemy countries. Thus you tell your opponents that you are not going to make a surprise attack on them. The advantage is that no country will start the attack on some misunderstanding.

Question 11.
In this modem world we are facing threats not only from foreign states but also from many other new sources. Like terrorism, global poverty, epidemics like yellow fever, AIDS, swine flu etc. So our notion about security is also changed. Evaluate the non traditional notions regarding security?
Answer:
Earlier ,security thread would mean thread to the boundaries, to the nation or to the government. There-fore their security was paramount. Now not only countries, but also individuals, societies and mankind itself are facing various threats. Non-traditional security has two factors:

• Human Security
• Global security

Human Security:
The security of people is more important than the security of countries. Nowadays the citizens are not safe in any country.- In the last 100 years, governments have killed more of their own people than the enemies of the country have killed. To face human security and to ensure security, there are two views.

• Narrow concept
• Broad concept

The narrow concept gives importance to attacks on individuals. According to the opinion of the ex-UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, narrow concept is the security of individuals and communities from internal violence. In Broad concept, the concept of security is extended to protection from poverty, disease and natural disasters. It is so because the people who die from terrorism, ethnic cleansing and war will be less than those who die from poverty, disease and natural disasters. The human security policy aims at protecting people’ from disasters and attacks.

Global Security:
This concept came because of the coming of global warming, terrorism, AIDS, bird fever, etc. No country can solve these problems alone. It is in these circumstances the necessity and importance of global security was recognized. Recently there was the outbreak of swine flu which once again pointed to the importance of global security.

Question 12.
Human Security is facing unprecedented threats from different sources. This changed the concept of human security as well. The spread of bird flu, swine flu, AIDS, yellow fever, terrorism, Global warming etc. needs different means for ensuring security. Try to identify the new sources of threats against human security.
Answer:
Security threats are of a different kind now. They can be categorized as follows:

Terrorism:
Political attacks make the life of ordinary citizens difficult. The terrorists want the political circumstances to change. They try to bring about changes by threats or armed attacks. By unleashing violence, they make the people restless. They try to make the dislike and discontentment of the people their weapon against governments. Their activities include hijacking planes and bombing trains and markets and other places where people assemble. They attacked arid destroyed the World Trade Centre in New York on 11 September 2001. The government and the people are more cautious now against terrorists.

Human Rights:
We see that throughout the world there are human right violations. There is no unified thinking in any country about how to protect human rights. Recent incidents of human right violations are the annexation of Kuwait by Iraq, the ethnic cleansing in Ruanda and the mass killings of the people of Eastern Timor by the Indonesian army. All these prompted world leaders to have a talk. The talk was about whether the UN should interfere in such matters. The matter is still unresolved.

Global Poverty:
This is another factor of security threat. It is believed that the population in the underdeveloped countries will triple in 50 years. In countries where the population is low, the per capital income will be high. Therefore the economically advanced countries will prosper further whereas the poor countries will grow poorer. The gap between countries of the North and South will increase. People from the South countries immigrate to the North countries for better life and earning.

This also creates a threat for the security of mankind. Contagious Diseases: Contagious diseases are another threat to mankind. AIDS, bird flu, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) etc. are dangerous contagious diseases. These spread quickly from one country to another. A country’s success or failure in controlling these diseases affects other countries also. Recently swine-flu spread all over the world. It is when a problem becomes a threat to a nation and its people that it becomes an international security threat.

Question 13.
India as a newly independent country which is facing traditional and non traditional threats against security has developed some strategy to ensure its security. Identify Indias’ security strategy?
Answer:
India has security threats from within and without. So India has followed a policy to face them. It has 4 factors. Timely changes are made to the policy and it is being carried out.

• Increase our military strength so that we can increase our safety and solve our disputes with our neighbours.
• Protect and strengthen international laws and organizations.
• The third thing is facing internal challenges. Through democracy, we maintain the unity of the country and allow different communities to live according to their beliefs and share ideas with others.
• Efforts to free India from poverty by reducing the economic inequality here.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by ’internally displaced people’?
Answer:
People often have to leave their homes because of some troubles or some development projects. But they continue living within the boundaries of the country. Such people are called internally displaced people. An example of these people is the Kashmiri Pundits who had to leave their homes following the Kashmir uprisings, in the early part of the 1990s.

Question 2.
……………… that fled the violence in the Kashmir vallery are an example of an
Answer:
Kashmir Pundits internally displaced people.

Question 3
Security implies …………… from threats
Answer:
freedom

Question 4
What are the choices available to a state when its security is threatened, according to the traditional security perspective?
Answer:
There are three ways open before the government in case of a war threat:

• surrender to the attackers
• Resist the attack even at a heavy price
• Defend

Question 5
Is terrorism a traditional or non traditional threat to security?
Answer:
Up Terrorist is a non-traditional threat. It is a threat to individuals as well as mankind. This started appearing with the advent of the 20th century.

Plus Two Political Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers