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Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2022 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Paper March 2022

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60

Section – I
(Accountancy) (40 Scores)

Part – I

A. Answer any 4 questions from 1 to 6. Each carries 1 Score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
Excess of expenditure over revenue of a not-for-profit organisation is called:
(a) Surplus
(b) Deficit
(c) Profit
(d) Loss
Answer:
(b) Deficit

Question 2.
Which among the following account is prepared at the time of dissolution of a partnership firm?
(a) Profit and Loss Appropriation Account
(b) Profit and Loss Adjustment Account
(c) Revaluation Account
(d) Realisation Account
Answer:
(d) Realisation Account

Question 3.
The proportion in which existing partner surrender their share of profit in favour of newly admitted partner is called:
(a) Sacrificing ratio
(b) Gaining ratio
(c) Old ratio
(d) New ratio
Answer:
(a) Sacrificing Ratio

Question 4.
On retirement of a partner, the amount of General Reserve is transferred to all partner’s capital account in:
(a) New Profit Sharing Ratio
(b) Capital Ratio
(c) Old Profit Sharing Ratio
Answer:
(c) Old Profit Sharing Ratio

Question 5.
Under fixed capital method of maintaining capital accounts, yearly adjustment are transferred to partner’s _________________
(a) Capital Account
(b) CurrentAccount
(c) Loan Account
(d) Cash Account
Answer:
(b) Current Account

Question 6.
Anil, Biju and Chithra were partners Sharing profit and losses in the ratio of 5 : 4 : 3. Biju retired from the firm. Gaining ratio of the remaining partners will be:
(a) 5 : 4
(b) 5 : 3
(c) 4 : 3
(d) Equal
Answer:
(b) 5 : 3

B. Answer all questions from 7 to 9. Each carries 1 Score. (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 7.
Which among the following is a revenue receipt?
(a) General Donation
(b) Donation for building
(c) Life Membership Fees
(d) Sale of fixed assets
Answer:
(a) General Donation

Question 8.
Arun and Babu are partners in a firm sharing profit and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. They admitted Chandu as a partner for \(\frac{1}{6}\) share with a guaranteed minimum profit of Rs. 15,000. The Net Profit of the firm for the year ending 31st March, 2021 was Rs. 60,000. Chandu’s share of profit will be:
(a) Rs. 10,000
(b) Rs. 15,000
(c) Rs. 20,000
(d) Rs. 30,000
Answer:
(b) Rs. 15,000

Question 9.
The capitalized value of Average profit of a business is Rs. 5,00,000 and value of net assets of the business is Rs. 4,20,000. The Goodwill of the business under capitalization method will be
(a) Rs. 5,00,000
(b) Rs. 4,20,000
(c) Rs. 80,000
(d) Rs. 9,20,000
Answer:
(c) Rs.80,000

Part – II

A. Answer the following question, which carries 2 scores. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 10.
Write any two features of a Not-for-profit organisation.
Answer:
Features of Not-for-profit organisations:

• Their main objective is to render service, and they are not expected to earn profit.
• These organisations are generally organized as charitable trusts/societies.
• The managing committee manages them.
• They do not usually engage in trading activities.
• They are not expected to earn profit.

B. Answer any 1 question from 11 to 12. Carries 2 scores. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 11.
State any two circumstances under which goodwill of a partnership firm is valued.
Answer:
Need for valuation of Goodwill may arise in the following situations:

• Change in profit sharing ratio between partners
• Admission of a new partner
• Retirement of a partner
• Death of a partner
• Amalgamation of two firms

Question 12.
Select the suitable account from brackets for the following:
(Realisation, Bank, Partners, Capital)
(a) On dissolution of the firm, capital accounts of partners are closed by transferring the capital balance to _________________ Account.
(b) The accumulated loss appearing in the balance sheet is closed by transferring to _________________ Account.
Answer:
(a) Bank Account
(b) Partner’s Capital Account

Part – III

A. Answer any 3 questions from 13 to 16. Each carries 3 scores. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 13.
Mr. Rajeev, a partner in a firm, withdrew Rs. 2,000 each every month from the firm. Calculate the amount of interest on drawings @ 8% per annum, assuming that he withdraws the amount:
(a) at the beginning of each month.
(b) at the end of each month.
Answer:
Calculation of Interest on drawings:
Total Drawings = 2000 × 12 = 24,000
Interest on drawings = Total drawings × \(\frac{Rate}{100}\) × Average Period
(a) Interest on Drawings of Rajeev (beginning of each month) = 24,000 × \(\frac{8}{100}\) × \(\frac{6.5}{12}\) = 1040
(b) Interest On Drawings of Rajeev (End of each month) = 24,000 × \(\frac{8}{100}\) × \(\frac{5.5}{12}\) = 880

Question 14.
Write any three differences between Receipt and Payments Account and Income and Expenditure Account.
Answer:

Receipts and Payments Account	Income and Expenditure Account
1. It is a real account.	1. It is a nominal account.
2. It is a summary of the cash book.	2. It is like a profit and loss account.
3. It records both revenue and capital items.	3. It records only revenue items.
4. It records receipts and payments related to the previous years, the current year, and the succeeding years.	4. It records only relating to the current accounting year.

Question 15.
Smitha and Varghese are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 1. They admitted Soorya as a new partner for \(\frac{1}{4}\) share in the future profits of the firm. Calculate new profit sharing ratio of Smitha, Varghese, and Soorya.
Answer:
Calculation of new profit sharing Ratio:
New profit sharing Ratio = Balance shares × Old ratio
Old ratio of Smitha and Varghese = 2 : 1
Soorya’s Share = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
Balance share = 1 – \(\frac{1}{4}\) = \(\frac{3}{4}\)
Smitha’s new share = \(\frac{3}{4}\) × \(\frac{2}{3}\) = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
Varghese’s new share = \(\frac{3}{4}\) × \(\frac{1}{3}\) = \(\frac{3}{12}\)
Soorya’s share = \(\frac{1}{4}\) or \(\frac{3}{12}\)
The new ratio between Smitha, Varghese and Soorya = 6 : 3 : 3 or 2 : 1 : 1

Question 16.
Write the three differences between dissolution of partnership and dissolution of firm.
Answer:
Differences between dissolution of partnership and dissolution of firm

Basis of Difference	Dissolution of Partnership	Dissolution of Firm
1. Settlement of accounts	Assets and Liabilities are revalued.	Assets are realised and liabilities are paid off.
2. Closing of books	Books of accounts are not closed.	Books are closed.
3. Preparation of Balance Sheet	A New Balance Sheet is prepared soon after the Dissolution.	New Balance Sheet is not prepared.
4. Intervention of the court	No intervention of the court.	Court can intervene.
5. Closure of business	The business is not closed.	The business of the firm is closed.

B. Answer the following question, which carries 3 scores. (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 17.
Jeeja and Rekha are partners in a firm. Their capital balances as on 1.4.2020 were Jeeja ₹ 1,50,000 and Rekha ₹ 2,00,000. On 1.10.2020 Jeeja introduced additional capital of ₹ 50,000. Calculate the interest on capital @ 10% per annum assuming that they closes their books of account on 31st March every year.
Answer:
Calculation of Interest on Capital:
Incase of Jeeja:
Interest on capital for full year = 1,50,000 × 10% = 15,000
Interest on additional capital for 6 months = 50,000 × 10% × \(\frac{6}{12}\) = 2,500
Total Interest on capital of Jeeja = 15,000 + 2,500 = 17,500
In case of Reaha:
Total Interest on capital of Rekha = 2,00,000 × 10% = 20,000

Part – IV

A. Answer any 2 questions from 18 to 20. Each carries 4 scores. (2 × 4 = 8)

Question 18.
A firm’s profits for the last four years were ₹ 30,000, ₹ 40,000, ₹ 50,000 and ₹ 60,000. Calculate the value of the firm’s goodwill based on the two years’ purchase of the average profits for the last four years.
Answer:
Calculation of Goodwill under Average Profit Method.
Goodwill = Average Profit × No. of the Year’s Purchase
Average profit = \(\frac{30,000+40,000+50,000+60,000}{4}\)
= \(\frac{1,80,000}{4}\)
= 45,000
Goodwill of the firm = 45,000 × 2 = 90,000

Question 19.
Complete the following table about the provisions applicable in the absence of partnership deed based on the hint given:

Hint: Interest on Capital	No.
(a) Sharing of Profits and Losses	______________
(b) Interest on drawings	______________
(c) Interest on loan from a partner	______________
(d) Remuneration to partner	______________

Answer:
a. Sharing of Profit and Loss – Equally
b. Interest on Drawings – No
c. Interest on loan from partner – 6%
d. Remuneration to partner – No

Question 20.
Anila, Kamla and Vimla are partners in a firm. Anila retired from the firm on 1st April, 2017. On that date, Rs. 2,00,000 becomes due to her and the amount was transferred to her Loan Amount. Remaining partners promised to pay the amount due to her in four equal annual instalments together with interest @ 8% per annum. Prepare Anila’s Loan Account till the loan is closed.
Answer:
Amount due to Anila = 2,00,000
Equal annual instalments = \(\frac{2,00,000}{4}\) = 50,000
Anila’s Loan Account

B. Answer any 1 Question from 21 to 22. Carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 21.
From the following details ascertain the amount of salary to be debited to Income and Expenditure Account:
Salary paid during 2020-21 – Rs. 30,000
Salary outstanding on 31.03.2021 – Rs. 3,200
Salary outstanding on 31.03.2020 – Rs. 1,600
Salary paid in advance on 31.03.2021 – Rs. 800
Answer:

Question 22.
A firm’s profits for the last three years and their respective weights are given below:

Year	Profit (₹)	Weight
2019	70,000	1
2020	1,00,000	2
2021	1,10,000	3

Calculate the value of the firm’s goodwill based on the two-year purchase of the weighted average profits for the last three years.
Answer:
Calculation of Goodwill

Weighted Average Profit = \(\frac{\text { Sum of Product }}{\text { Total weights }}\)
= \(\frac{6,00,000}{6}\)
= 1,00,000
Value of Goodwill = Weighted average profit × No. of the year purchase
Goodwill = 1,00,000 × 2 = 2,00,000

Part – V

Answer any 1 question from 23 to 24. Carries 5 scores. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 23.
The Receipts and Payments Account of Navodaya Library is given below. Prepare Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31st March, 2021.
Receipts and Payments account for the year ended 03.03.2021

Additional Information:
(1) Subscription outstanding as on 31.03.2021 amounts to Rs. 1,500.
(2) Provide depreciation @ 10% on furniture.
Answer:
Income and Expenditure A/c for the year ended 31.3.2021.

Note: Membership fees is treated as capital receipt and it is added to the capital fund in the Balance Sheet.

Question 24.
Devika and Krishna are equal partners in a firm. Their balance sheet as on March 31, 2021 is given below:
Balance Sheet as on 31.3.2021

They agreed to admit Amala into the firm with \(\frac{1}{4}\) share in future profits. They decided to revalue their assets at the time of admission.
1. Stock is to be revalued at Rs. 35,000.
2. Furniture is to be depreciated by 10%.
3. Machinery is to be revalued at Rs. 1,00,000.
4. A provision for doubtful debts is to be created on debtors at 5%. Prepare Revaluation account.
Answer:
Revaluation Account

Section – II
(Computerised Accounting) (20 Scores)

A. Answer any 2 questions from 25 to 28. Each carries 1 score. (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 25.
Range of numbers are used for codification in:
(a) Sequential codes
(b) Block codes
(c) Mnemonic codes
(d) Alpha Numeric codes
Answer:
(b) Block codes

Question 26.
Pre-defined formulae in the spreadsheet are called:
(a) Functions
(b) Cell reference
(c) Valups
(d) Operator
Answer:
(a) Functions

Question 27.
Identify the function which displays the current system date.
(a) TODAY
(b) NOW
(c) DATE
(d) DATEVALUE
Answer:
(a) TODAY

Question 28.
Which of the following voucher is used to make rectification entries?
(a) Purchase Voucher
(b) Sales Voucher
(c) Receipt Voucher
(d) Journal Voucher
Answer:
(d) Journal Voucher

B. Answer any 1 question from 29 to 30. Carries 1 score. (1 × 1 = 1)

Question 29.
Identify the function used for EMI (Equated Monthly Installment) calculation while preparing a Loan Repayment Schedule in LibreOffice Calc.
(a) PMT
(b) FV
(c) PV
(d) NPV
Answer:
(a) PMT

Question 30.
Identify the chart that displays data in rings.
(a) Bar Chart
(b) Column Chart
(c) Area Chart
(d) Donut Chart
Answer:
(d) Donut Chart

Part – VII

A. Answer any 3 questions from 31 to 34. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 31.
Identify the relevant functions in LibreOffice Calc used for the following purposes:
(a) To count the cells that contain numbers only.
(b) To count all types of data in a range of cells.
Answer:
(a) COUNT
(b) COUNTA

Question 32.
What is DBMS? Give a suitable example for it.
Answer:
DBMS – Database Management System
Examples: LibreOffice Base, MS Access

Question 33.
List out any two advantages of preparing Graphs and Charts.
Answer:

• It helps to create visual appeal.
• It helps to read the data easily.

Question 34.
List out any two system generated ledger accounts in GNU Khata.
Answer:

• Closing stock
• Opening stock
• Profit & Loss A/c
• Stock at the beginning

B. Answer any 1 question from 35 to 36. Each carries 2 scores. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 35.
Briefly explain any two security features of Computerised Accounting System.
Answer:

1. Data Audit: It enables one to know as to who and what changes have been made in the original data, thereby helping and fixing the responsibility of the person who has manipulated the data and ensuring data integrity.
2. Data Vault: Software provides additional security through data encryption. Encryption means scrambling the data to make its interpretation impossible. Encryption converts readable data into an unreadable format. The encrypted data is commonly known as Ciphertext.

Question 36.
State the accounting groups of the following accounts in GNUKhata:
(a) Cash in hand
(b) Machinery
Answer:
(a) Cash in hand – Current Assets
(b) Machinery – Fixed Assets

Part – VIII

A. Answer any 2 questions from 37 to 39. Each carries 3 scores. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 37.
Explain the three features of the computerised accounting system.
Answer:
Salient Features of Computerised Accounting System (CAS)

• Simple and Integrated: A computerized accounting system is designed to integrate all the business operations such as sales, finance, purchase, etc.
• Accuracy and Speed: Computerised Accounting system provides data entry forms for fast and accurate data entry of the transactions.
• Scalability: The system can cope easily with the increase in the volume of business transactions. The software can be used for any size and type of organisation.

Question 38.
Briefly explain any two Logical functions in LibreOffice Calc.
Answer:
1. IF(): This function is used to test a condition.
When the condition is TRUE, then the first action is taken. When it is FALSE, then the second action is taken.
Syntax = IF (Test, Then value, Otherwise value)

2. NESTED IF()
LibreOffice Calc allows to include one function inside another function. It is called nesting of functions. The IF function can be nested, when you have multiple conditions to meet.
Syntax: =IF (Test_1, Then value_1, IF(Test_2, Then value _2, IF (……..)))

3. AND(): This function gives only a TRUE or FALSE answer.
Syntax: =AND (Logical value 1, Logical value 2, …..)

Question 39.
Explain the purposes of using the following voucher types in GHUKhata:
(a) Receipt Voucher
(b) Payment Voucher
(c) Contra Voucher
Answer:
(a) Receipt Voucher – For recording cash and bank receipts.
(b) Payment Voucher – For recording cash and bank payments.
(c) Contra Voucher – For recording cash bank (contra) transactions.

B. Answer the following questions, which carry 3 scores. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 40.
Match the following items in Column – A with Column – B:

A	B
(a) TEXT	To calculate the accrued interest on the investment
(b) ACCRINT	To search certain values from a table
(c) LOOKUP	To convert a number into a text

Answer:
(a) TEXT – To convert a number into a text.
(b) ACCRINT – To calculate the accrued interest on investment.
(c) LOOKUP – To search certain values from a Table.

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2021 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Board Model Paper 2021 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60 Marks

Answer any number of questions from 1 to 44. Maximum Score 60.

Question 1.
Answer the following questions from (a) to (e). Each carries 1 score.
a. In C++, _________ operator is used to get the address of a variable.
b. _________ is a prototype/ blue print that defines
the specifications common to all objects of a particular type.
c. Write any one core data type in PHP.
d. Name a SaaS provider.
e. KITE VICTERS is an example for _________ ICT service.
Answer:
(a) &
(b) Class
c) Integer / Float / Double / String / Boolean
d) Microsoft / Facebook/Amazon etc
e) E – learning tool / Educational TV channel

Answer the following questions from 2 to 21. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 2.
Write the use of new and delete operations in C++.
Answer:
The new operator is used to allocate memory during run time, while delete operator used to de-allocate this memory.

Question 3.
What is memory leak?
Answer:
If the memory allocated using new operator is not de allocated using delete, that memory is left unused and not released for further allocation. This situation caused memory leak.

Question 4.
Mention any two advantages of Object Oriented Programming (OOP).
Answer:
Data Abstraction, inheritance , Encapsulation, polymorphism etc

Question 5.
Briefly explain about polymorphism.
Answer:
Polymorphism is an essential feature of object oriented programming. Polymorphism means having many forms. It.is the capability of an object to behave differently in response to a message or action. That is, the same operation is performed differently depending upon the type of data it is working with. Polymorphism is implemented in C++ in two ways, compile time polymorphism and runtime polymorphism.

Question 6.
What do you mean by queue overflow?
Answer:
6. When we try to insert a new item to a queue which is already full then queue overflow occurs.

Question 7.
Differentiate between static web page and dynamic web page.
Answer:

Static web pages	Dynamic web pages
Content and layout is fixed	Content and layout is changed frequently
Never use database	Data base is used
Run by browser	It runs on the server and result get back to the client(browser)
Easy to develop	Not at all easy

Question 8.
Write the name of any four scripting languages.
Answer:
Asp, Jsp, VBscript, JavaScript, PHP

Question 9.
Which are the HTML tags used to divide the browser window?
Answer:
<frameset> and <frame>

Question 10.
Differentiate between internal linking and external linking in HTML.
Answer:

1. External Linking. External links are hyperlinks given to another page. By clicking on hyper text we can link or go to other webpages.
   <A> Anchor tag is used for External Linking. <A href= “c:\main.html”>Main</A>
2. Internal Linking- Internal Links are given to a sec-tion in the same document.

Question 11.
What are the different ways to include Java Script in HTML?
Answer:
WAYS TO ADD SCRIPTS TO A WEB PAGE.
Inside <BODY> section
Scripts can be placed inside the <BODY> section.
Inside <HEAD> section
Scripts can be placed inside the <HEAD> section. This method is widely accepted method
External (another) JavaScript file
We can write scripts in a file and save it as a separate file with the extension .js . The advantage is that this file can be used across multiple HTML files and can be enhance the speed of page loading.

Question 12.
Why do we use FTP client software? Write an example for FTP client software.
Answer:
It is used to transfer(upload) files from our computer to web server by using the ‘drag and drop’ method. The popular FTP client softwares are FileZilla, CuteFTP, SmartFTP, etc.

Question 13.
Write a short note on free hosting. ’
Answer:
Free hosting
The name implies it is free of cost service and the expense is meet by the advertisements. Some service providers allow limited facility such as limited storage space, ,do not allow multimedia(audio and video) files.
A paid service website’s address is as follows
eg: www.bvmhsskalparamba.com

Question 14.
Write any four advantages of Data Base Management System (DBMS).
Answer:
Advantages of DBMS

1. Data Redundancy
2. Inconsistency can be avoided
3. Data can be shared
4. Standards can be enforced
5. Security restrictions can be applied
6. Integrity can be maintained
7. Efficient data access
8. Crash recovery

Question 15.
Differentiate between Degree and Cardinality of a relation.
Answer:

Degree	Cardinality
Number of Columns is Degree(CD)	Number of rows is Cardinality(RC)

Question 16.
Write the names of any four constraints used in Structured Query Language.
Answer:
Not null, unique, primary key, autojncrement, default.

Question 17.
Differentiate between static and dynamic memory allocations.
Answer:

Static memory allocation	Dynamic memory allocation
Memory requirement is known in advance	Memory requirement is not known in advance
Memory is allocated during compilation time	Memory is allocated during runtime
Memory cannot be freed	Memory can be freed When not required
Less efficient	More efficient

Question 18.
Briefly explain the structure of an HTML document.
Answer:
An HTML document contains 2 sections Head and Body
<html>
<head>
<title>Here we give the title</title>
</head>
<body>
Here we give the content </body>
</html>

Question 19.
Write any two tags used for creating definition list in HTML.
Answer:
<DL>, <DT> and <DD>

Question 20.
How to create a variable in Java Script?
Answer:
The keyword var is used to create a variable in JavaScript. Eg. varnum;

Question 21.
Write your opinion about enforcement of cyber laws in our society.
Answer:
It ensures the use of computers and internet by the people safely and legally. It consists of rules and regulations like IPC to stop crimes and for the smooth functions of cyber world. Two Acts are IT Act 2000. and IT Act Amended in 2008.

Answer the following questions from 22 to 41. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 22.
A structure definition for date is given below. Fill in the blanks in it.
___________ date
{
___________ day;
int month;
int___________ ;
};
Answer:
struct date
{
int day;
int month;
int year
}

Question 23.
Write a short note on operations on data structures.
Answer:
Operations on data structures
a) Traversing: Accessing or visiting or reading all elements of a data structure is called Traversal.

b) Searching : Searching is the process of finding elements in a data structure

c) Inserting : It is the process of adding new data at particular location is called insertion.

d) Deleting: It is the process of removing a particular element from the data structure

e) Sorting : Arranging elements in a particular order(ascending or descending) is called sorting. Examples are bubble sort and selection sort.

f) Merging : This is the process of combining two sorted data structure and form a new one.

Question 24.
Fill the empty boxes in the diagram regarding the classification of data structures.

Answer:

Question 25.
Write the HTML code fragment to print the following:
(a) x²+y²
(b) H₂SO₄
(c) a > b
Answer:
a) x²+y²
b) H₂SO₄
c) a &gt;b

Question 26.
Prepare a short note on attributes of <BODY> tag in HTML.
Answer:
Web page contents are given int the body section. Attributes of body tag are:

1. BGCOLOR-Specifies background color for the document Body .
   Eg. <BODY BGCOLOR= “RED”>
2. BACKGROUND -Sets the image as background for the document body
   Eg. <BODY BACKGROUNG= “C:\result.jpg”>
3. TEXT-Specifies the color of the text content of the page
   Eg. <BODYTEXT= “Red”>
4. LINK- Specifies colour of the hyperlinks that are not visited by the user
5. ALINK-Specifies the colour of hyperlinks
6. VLINK-Specifies the color of hyperlinks which are already visited by the viewer.
   Eg. < BODY ALINK= “Cyan” LINK=” Magenta” VLINK=“Orange”>
7. Leftmargin and Right margin-Sets margin from left and top of the document window.

Question 27.
Write a short note on <INPUT> tag in HTML.
Answer:
Input tag is used to create different controls. It has an attribute called type, its value can be text, password, checkbox, radio, submit or button. Eg.<input type=”text”> will create a text box control.

Question 28.
Describe about <TR><TD><TH> tags in HTML.
Answer:
<tr> is used to create a new raw in a table.
<td> for table data and <th> for table heading

Question 29.
Prepare a brief explanation about the operators in Java Script.
Answer:
Operators are the symbols used to perform an operation
1. Arithmetic operators
It is a binary operator. It is used to perform addition(+), subtraction(-), division(/), multiplication(*), modulus (%-gives the remainder) ,increment(++) and decrement-Operations.
Eg. If x= 10 and y=3 then

x+y	x-y	x*y	x/y	x%y
13	7	30	3.333	1

If x=10 then
document.write(++x); -> It prints 10+1=11
If x=10then
document.write(x++); -> It prints 10 itself.
If x=10then
document.write(-x); It prints 10-1=9
If x=10then
document.write(x-);-> It prints 10 itself.

2. Assignment operators
If a = 10 and b = 3 then a = b. This statement sets the value of a and b are same, i.e. it sets a to 3.
It is also called short hands
If X = 10 and Y = 3 then

Arithmetic Assignment Expression	Equivalent Arithmetic Expression	The value of X becomes
X+=Y	X=X+Y	13
X-=Y	X=X-Y	7
X*=Y	X=X*Y	30
X/=Y	X=X/Y	3.333
X%=Y	X=X%Y	1

3. Relational(Comparison) operators
It is used to perform comparison or relational operation between two values and returns either true or false. Eg:
If X=10 and Y=3 then

X<Y	X<=Y	X>Y	X>=Y	X==Y	X!=Y
false	false	true	true	false	true

4. Logical operators uaope
Here AND(&&),, OR(||) are binary operators and NOT(!) is a unary operator. It is used to combine relational operations and it gives either true or false If X=true and Y=false then

X&&X	X && Y	Y&&X	Y&& Y
true	false	False	false

Both operands must be true to get a true value in the case of AND(&&) operation If X=true and Y=false then

X || X	X || Y	Y || X	Y || Y
true	true	true	false

Either one of the operands must be true to get a true value in the case of OR(||) operation
If X= true and Y=false then

!X	!Y
false	true

5. String addition operator(+)
This is also called concatenation operator. It joins(concatenates) two strings and forms a string.
Eg:
var x,y,z;
x = “BVM HSS
y = “Kalparamba”;
z = x+y;
• Here the variable z becomes “BVM HSS Kalparamba”.
Note: If both the operands are numbers then addition operator(+) produces number as a result otherwise it produces string as a result.
Consider the following

Operand 1 data type	Operand 2 data type	Operation	Resultant data type
number	number	+(addition)	number
number	string		string
string	number		string
string	string		string

Eg:

1. 8(number) + 3(number)=11 (Result is a number)
2. 8 (number)+ “3”( string) = “83” (Result is a string)
3. “8” (string) + 3 (number) = “83”(Result is a string)
4. “8” (string) + “3” (string) = “83″ (Result is a string)

Question 30.
Write the use of the following built in functions in JavaScript.
(a) alert()
(b) is NAN()
(c) char At()
Answer:
(a) alert() – It is used to display a message on the monitor.

(b) isNaN() – It is used to check whether the given values is a number or not. It returns a true value if the given value is not a number.

(c) charAt() – It returns a character specified by the position. The position starts from 0.

Question 31.
Write a brief explanation about three types of web hosting.
Answer:
Types of web hosting : Various types of web hosting services are available. We can choose the web hosting services according to our needs depends upon the storage space needed for hosting, the number-of visitors expected to visit, etc.

1) Shared Hosting : This type of hosting sharing resources, like memory , disk space and CPU hence the name shared. Several websites share the same server. This is suitable for small websites that have less traffic and it is not suitable for large websites that have large bandwidth, large storage space and have large volume of traffic.
Eg: Shared hosting is very similar to living in an Apartment(Villas) complex. All residents are in the same location and must share the available resources(Car parking area, Swimming pool, Gymnasium, play ground, etc) with every one.

2) Dedicated Hosting : A web server and its resources are exclusively for one website that have large volume of traffic means large volume of requests by the visitors. Some Govt, departments or large organizations require uninterrupted services for that round the clock power supply is needed. It is too expensive but it is more reliable and provide good service to the public.
Eg: It is similar to living in an Our own house. All the resources in your house is only for you. No one else’s account resides on the computer and would not be capable of tapping into your resourses.

3) Virtual Private Server (VPS): A VPS is a virtual machine sold as a service by an Internet hosting Service. A VPS runs its own copy of an OS (Operating System) and customers have super level access to that OS instance, so they can install almost any s/w that runs on that OS. This type is suitable for websites that require more features than shared hosting but less features than dedicated hosting.
Eg: It is similar to owning a Condo

Question 32.
What is data independence? What are tHfe different levels of data independence?
Answer:
It is the ability to modify the schema definition at one level without affecting the schema definition at the next higher level. There are two types

1. Physical data independence -: It is the ability to modify the schema definition at the physical level without affecting the schema definition at the conceptual level
2. Logical data independence -: It is the ability to modify the schema definition at the logical level without affecting the schema definition at the view level

Question 33.
How do you use ORDER BY clause along with SELECT command?
Answer:
Order by command is used to sort rows either in ascending or descending order. Eg. Select * from student order by roll_no;

Question 34.
What are the different data types used in SQL? Explain.
Answer:
Data Types

1. Char- It is used to store fixed number of characters. It is declared as char(size).
2. Varchar – It is used to store characters but it uses only enough memory.
3. Dec or Decimal – It is used to store numbers with decimal point. It is declared as Dec (size, scale). We can store a total of size number of digits.
4. Int or Integer – It is used to store numbers with¬out decimal point. It is declared as int. It has no argument. Eg: age int.
5. Smallint – Used to store small integers.
6. Date – It is used to store date. The format is yyyy- mm-dd. Eg:‘1977-05-28’.
7. Time – It is used to store time.

Question 35.
What is cloud computing? What are the services offered by cloud?
Answer:
Cloud computing
It is an emerging computing technology. Here with the use of Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Example for this is Email service, Office Software(word processor, spread sheets, presentations, data base etc), graphic software etc. The information is placed in a central remote server just like clouds in the sky hence the name cloud computing.

Cloud service models (3 major services)

1. Software as a Service(SaaS)
2. Platform as a Service(PaaS)
3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Question 36.
Prepare a short note on e-learning.
Answer:
e Learning : It is the use of electronic media(lt includes text, audio, video, image, animation, etc), educational technology(lt includes Satellite TV, CD ROM, Computer Based Learning, etc) and information and communication technologies(ICT- ilt uses intranet / extranet and web based learning) in education.

A) e Learning tools
a) Electronic books reader(e Books)
With the help of a tablet or portable computer or any other device we can read digital fifes by using a s/w is called electronic books reader.

b) e text
The electronic format of textual data is called
e-Text.

c) Online chat
Real time exchange of text or audio or video messages between two or more person over the Internet.

d) e Content
The data or information such as text, audio, video, presentations, images, animations etc, are stored in electronic format.

e) Educational TV channels
TV channels dedicated only for the e-Learning purpose : Eg. VICTERS (Virtual Class room Technology on Edusat for Rural Schools OR Versatile ICT Enabled Resources for Students)

Question 37.
Differentiate between echo and print constructs used in PHP.
Answer:
The difference between echo and print

echo	print
take more than one parameter	only one parameter
Does not return any value	Returns TRUE or 1 on successful print and FALSE otherwise
Faster	slower

Question 38.
Write any three characteristics of client side scripting.
Answer:

• Script is copied to the client browser
• The script is executed in the client browser
• Used for validation of data at the client level
• Users can block

Question 39.
Prepare HTML code to display the following num-bered list of High Tech equipments in your class room.
High Tech Class Room
(1) Projector
(2) Laptop
(3) Multimedia Speaker
Answer:

<html>
<head>
<title>List of items</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”cyan”>
<h1> High Tech Class Room</h1>
<ol type=”1">
<li>Projector</li>
<li>Laptop</li>
<li>Multimedia Speaker </li>
</ol>
</body>
<html>

Question 40.
Write the use of any three DML commands in SQL.
Answer:
DMLcommands(any3-SUDI)

1. Select – Used to retrieve records from a table.
2. Update – Used to change or modify existing records.
3. Delete – Used to delete records from a table.
4. Insert – Used to add a new record to a table.

Question 41.
Illustrate any one loop statement used in PHP.
Answer:
while loop
It is an entry controlled loop The syntax is given below Loop variable initialised while(expression)

{
Body of the loop;
Update loop variable;
}

Answer the questions from 42 to 44. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 42.
Write the use of following tags in HTML.
(a) <BODY>
(b) <P>
(c) <MARQUEE>
(d) <IMG>
(e) <H6>
Answer:
a) <body> The content inside in this tag wifi be displayed in the browser window.
b) <p> It is used to start a new paragraph
c) <marquee> It is used to insert a scrolling text.
d) <img> It is used to insert an image.
e) <h6> It is one of the heading tags. It shows the smallest heading.

Question 43.
Prepare a web page using HTML to show the follow-ing details about prevention of COVID-19.
Break the Chain
■ Sanitise your hands.
■ Use soap regularly
■ Wear mask
■ Keep social distancing.
Answer:

<html>
<head>
<title>Prevention of COVID-19</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”cyan”>
<h1> Break the Chain</h1> <ul type=”disc”>
<li>Sanities your hands</li>
<li>Use soap regularly</li>
<li>Wear Mask</li>
<li>Kepp social distancing </li>
</ul>
</body>
<html>

Question 44.
(a) Distinguish betwen primarykeyand alternate key. (2)
(b) Write a short note on any three operations in re-lational algebra. (3)
Answer:
a) Primary key is a set of one or more attributes used to uniquely identify a row. A candidate key other than the primary key is the alternate key.

b) A) SELECT operation
SELECT operation is used to select tuples in a relation that satisfy a selection condition. Greek letter a (sigma) is used to denote the operation.
Syntax,
σ_condition(relati0n)
eg. σ_{salery < 100oo} (EMPLOYEE)-selects tuple whose salary is less than 10000 from EMPLOYEE relation.

B) PROJECT operation
PROJECT operation selects certain columns from the table and discards the other columns. Greek letter π(pi) is used to denote PROJECT operation.
Syntax, π_condition(relation)
π_{name salery} (EMPLOYEE) displays only the name and salary of all employees

C) ONION operation
This operation returns a relation consisting of all tuples appearing in either or both of the two specified relations. It is denoted by U. duplicate tuples are eliminated. Union operation can take place between compatible relations only, i.e., the number and type of attributes in both the relations should be the same and also their order. e.g. SCIENCE U COMMERCE gives all the tuples in both COMMERCE and SCIENCE.

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2023 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Paper March 2023

Maximum: 60 Scores
Time: 2 Hours

Part – A
(Accounting) (40 Scores)

I. Answer any 4 questions from 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
Underfixed capital method, all adjustments relating to partners’ capital are shown in __________________
(a) Current A/c
(b) Capital A/c
(c) Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c
(d) Profit & Loss A/c
Answer:
(a) Current A/c

Question 2.
Anu, Binu and Cinu are partners sharing profits in the ratio \(\frac{1}{2}\), \(\frac{2}{5}\) and \(\frac{1}{10}\). Cinu retires. The new ratio between Anu and Binus is __________________
(a) 4 : 5
(b) 5 : 4
(c) 1 : 2
(d) 2 : 1
Answer:
(b) 5 : 4

Question 3.
The present value of a firm’s anticipated excess earnings is __________________
(a) Capital
(b) Reserve
(c) Goodwill
(d) Loss
Answer:
(a) Goodwill

Question 4.
Realisation Account is prepared at the time of __________________
(a) Dissolution of Firm
(b) Admission of a Partner
(c) Retirement of a Partner
(d) Death of a Partner
Answer:
(a) Dissolution of firm

Question 5.
The accumulated profits and reserves at the time of dissolution of a firm are transferred to __________________
(a) Realisation Account
(b) Partner’s Capital Account
(c) Bank Account
(d) Partner’s Loan Account
Answer:
(b) Partner’s Capital Account

II. Answer all questions from 6 to 7. Each carries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 6.
List out any four items appearing in the credit side of the Partners Capital Account, when capitals are fluctuating.
Answer:
Items on the credit side of the Partner’s Capital Account.

• Opening balance of capital
• Interest on capital
• Partner’s salary
• Partner’s Commission
• Share of accumulated profit
• Share of profit

Question 7.
Anil, Sunil, and Manoj are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. Sunil retires and Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 60,000. Pass necessary journal entry for the treatment of Goodwill.
Answer:
Goodwill of the firm = 60000
Sunil’s share of goodwill = 60000 × \(\frac{2}{6}\) = 20,000
Gaining Ratio = 3 : 1
Journal Entry is:
Anil’s Capital a/c Dr 15,000
Manoj’s Capital a/c Dr 5,000
To Sunil’s Capital 20,000
(Sunil’s share of goodwill adjusted in gaining ratio 3 : 1)

III. Answer any 2 questions from 8 to 10. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 8.
Raheem and Saleem are partners in a firm. They share profits equally. Their monthly drawings are ₹ 2,500 each. Interest on drawings is charged at 12% p.a. Calculate interest on Raheem’s drawings for the year 2022, assuming that the drawings are made:
(i) in the beginning of every month
(ii) in the middle of every month and
(iii) at the end of every month
Answer:
Calculation of Interest on drawings:
Total Drawings = 2,500 × 12 = 30,000
(i) In the beginning of every month = 30,000 × \(\frac{12}{100}\) × \(\frac{6.5}{12}\) = 1950
(ii) In the middle of every month = 30,000 × \(\frac{12}{100}\) × \(\frac{6}{12}\) = 1800
(iii) At the end of every month = 30,000 × \(\frac{12}{100}\) × \(\frac{5.5}{12}\) = 1650

Question 9.
Rosy and Lilly are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 7 : 5. They admit Jhinsi as a new partner for \(\frac{1}{6}\) share which she acquired \(\frac{1}{24}\) from Rosy and \(\frac{1}{8}\) from Lilly. Calculate the New Profit Sharing Ratio of Rosy, Lilly, and Jhinsi.
Answer:
Calculation of new profit sharing ratio:
Old ratio = 7 : 5
Jhinsi’s Share= \(\frac{1}{6}\) which she acquired \(\frac{1}{24}\) from Rosy and \(\frac{1}{8}\) from Lilly.
So Rosy’s new share = Rosy’s old share – Share acquired by Jhinsi
= \(\frac{7}{12}\) – \(\frac{1}{24}\)
= \(\frac{13}{24}\)
Lilly’s new share = Lilly’s old share – Lilly’s share acquired by Jhinsi
\(\frac{5}{12}-\frac{1}{8}=\frac{10-3}{24}=\frac{7}{24}\)
Jhinsi’s share = \(\frac{1}{6}\) or \(\frac{4}{24}\)
New ratio = 13 : 7 : 4

Question 10.
Write any three differences between Dissolution of Partnership and Dissolution of Firm.
Answer:

Dissolution of Partnership	Dissolution of Firm
1. It means a change in the existing agreement between the partners.	1. It means dissolution of partnership between all the partners in the firm.
2. Assets and liabilities are revalued.	2. Assets are realised and liabilities are paid off.
3. The business of the firm is continued.	3. The business of the firm is closed down.

IV. Answer all questions from 11 to 12. Each carries 4 scores. (2 × 4 = 8)

Question 11.
A firm’s profit during 2020, 2021, and 2022 were ₹ 18,000, ₹ 20,00,0 and ₹ 22,000 respectively. The firm has capital investment of ₹ 1,00,000. Afair rate of return on investment is 10% p.a. Calculate the value of Goodwill based on:
(a) two years’ purchase of the average profits.
(b) three years’ purchase of the super profits.
Answer:
Calculation of goodwill:
(a) Average Profit = \(\frac{18000+20000+22000}{3}\) = 20,000
Goodwill = Average profit × 2 Years Purchase of average profit
= 2 × 20000
= 40,000

(b) Super Profit = Actual or Average Profit – Normal Profit
Normal Profit = Capital Employed × Normal Rate of return
= 1,00,000 × 10%
= 10,000
Super Profit = 20,000 – 10,000 = 10,000
Goodwill = Super Profit × 3 years purchase of super profit
= 10,000 × 3
= 30,000

Question 12.
Anoop, Manoop and Sanoop are partners in a firm. Manoop retires from the firm. On his date of retirement ₹ 40,000 is due to him. Anoop and Sanoop promised to pay him in instalments every year at the end of the year. Prepare Manoop’s Loan Account when the payment is made in four yearly instalments plus interest @ 12% p.a. on the unpaid balance.
Answer:
Manoop’s Loan A/c

Note: Instalment = \(\frac{40000}{4}\) = 10,000

V. Answer all the questions from 13 to 14. Each carries 5 scores. (2 × 5 = 10)

Question 13.
Rajan and Sajan are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2 : 1. Their capital balance as on 01.04.2022 was ₹ 4,00,000 and ₹ 3,00,000 respectively. The partnership deed provides that Rajan is to be paid a salary of ₹ 2,000 per month and Sajan is to get a commission of ₹ 10,000 for the year. Interest on capital is to be allowed at 8% p.a. The drawings of Rajan and Sajan for the year were ₹ 30,000 and ₹ 10,000 respectively. Interest on Rajan’s drawings was ₹ 750 and on Sajan’s drawings ₹ 250. The Net Profit of the firm before making these adjustments was ₹ 1,82,000. Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.
Answer:
Profit and Loss Appropriation Account

Question 14.
(a) Abu, Tara and Ravi are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 5 : 4 : 1. Ravi died on 30th June 2022. His share of profit was to be calculated based on average profits of the last three years, which were ₹ 1,56,000 for 2019, ₹ 1,85,000 for 2020 and ₹ 1,75,000 for 2021.
(1) Calculate Ravi’s share of Profit.
(2) Pass necessary journal entry for the same.
(Hint: Accounts are closed on 31st December)
(b) Mention any four accounting adjustments/aspects involved on retirement/death of a partner.
Answer:
(a) (i) Calculation of Ravi’s share of profit up to the date of his death.
Average Profit = \(\frac{1,56,000+1,85,000+1,75,000}{3}\) = 1,72,000
Ravi’s share of profit up-to the date of his death = 1,72,000 × \(\frac{1}{10}\) × \(\frac{6}{12}\) = 8,600

(ii) Profit and Loss Suspense A/c Dr. 8600
To Ravi’s Capital a/c 8600
(Ravi’s share of profit up to the date of his death brought into A/c)

(b) Accounting treatment required at the time of retirement or death of a partner is as follows:

• Calculation of new profit sharing ratio and gaining ratio.
• Treatment of goodwill
• Revaluation of assets and liabilities.
• Distribution of accumulated profit and losses.
• Calculation of profit or loss up to the date of retirement or death.
• Ascertainment of the total amount due to the retiring partners/deceased partner.
• Adjustment of the capitals of the continuing partners.

VI. Answer any one question from 15 to 16. Carries 8 scores. (1 × 8 = 8)

Question 15.
The following is the Balance Sheet of Arun and Varun sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3.
Balance Sheet as on March 31, 2022

They agreed to admit Sabu into partnership on the following terms:
(a) Sabu brings ₹ 80,000 as his capital and ₹ 40,000 as his share of goodwill.
(b) Machinery is valued at ₹ 1,50,000 and Stock at ₹ 1,00,000.
(c) A provision for bad debts is to be created @ 5% on debtors.
(d) The new profit sharing ratio is 7 : 5 : 4.
Prepare:
(i) Revaluation A/c
(ii) Partners Capital A/c and
(iii) Balance sheet of new firm
Answer:
(i) Revaluation Account

(ii) Partner’s Capital Account

(iii) Balance Sheet as on 31-03-2022

Working Note:
Calculation of Sacrificing Ratio:
Old Ratio = 5 : 3
New Ratio = 7 : 5 : 4
Sacrificing Ratio = Old Share – New Share
Arun’s sacrifice = \(\frac{5}{8}\) – \(\frac{7}{16}\) or \(\frac{10}{16}\) – \(\frac{7}{16}\) = \(\frac{3}{16}\)
Varun’s sacrifice = \(\frac{3}{8}\) – \(\frac{5}{16}\) or \(\frac{6}{16}\) – \(\frac{5}{16}\) = \(\frac{1}{16}\)
Sacrificing ratio of Arun and Varun = 3 : 1
Arun’s share of goodwill = 40,000 × \(\frac{3}{4}\) = 30,000
Varun’s share of goodwill = 40,000 × \(\frac{1}{4}\) = 10,000

Question 16.
Amal and Bimal are equal partners in a firm. Their balance sheet as on 31st March 2022 was as follows:
Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2022

The firm was dissolved on the 31st March 2022.
(i) The assets realised were:
Debtors – ₹ 8,500
Stock – ₹ 7,000
Furniture – ₹ 9,000
(ii) Creditors were paid ₹ 8,000 in full settlement.
(iii) Expenses on realisation amounted to ₹ 500.
Prepare Realisation Account, Partner’s Capital Account and Bank Account.
Answer:
Realisation Account

Partner’s Capital Account

Bank Account

Part – B
(Computerised Accounting) (20 Scores)

VII. Answer any 3 questions from 17 to 20. Each carries 1 score. (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 17.
Alphabets or symbols used to codify a piece of information is __________________
(a) Sequential codes
(b) Block codes
(c) Mnemonic codes
(d) Numeric codes
Answer:
(c) Mnemonic codes

Question 18.
Identify the function which helps to convert a dae in the form of text to a number.
(a) DATE
(b) DAY
(c) NOW
(d) DATE VALUE
Answer:
(d) DATE VALUE

Question 19.
Net Pay = __________________
(a) Gross Pay – Total Deductions
(b) Gross Pay + Total Deductions
(c) Basic Pay + DA
(d) Basic Pay + DA + HRA
Answer:
(a) Gross Pay – Total Deductions

Question 20.
Identify the Free and Open Source Accounting Software
(a) Peachtree
(b) Tally
(c) Daceasy
(d) GNU Khata
Answer:
(d) GNU Khata

VIII. Answer the question 21 which carries 2 scores. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 21.
Write short notes on:
(a) Tables
(b) Queries
Answer:
(a) Table – Store data in a database
(b) Queries – Retrieve from a database
Any meaningful explanation

IX. Answer all the questions from 22 to 23. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 22.
Briefly explain the following elements of a Chart/Graph.
(a) Chart Area
(b) Data Points
(c) Legend
Answer:
(a) Chart area – The entire area of a chart
(b) Data points – The individual values plotted in a chart.
(c) Legend – An identifier of a piece of information in the chart.
Any meaningful explanation.

Question 23.
Write the syntax for the following functions:
(a) SLN
(b) DB
(c) PMT
Answer:
(a) SLN- = SLN(Cost, Salvage, Life)
(b) DB- = DB (Cost, Salvage, Life, Period, Month)
(c) PMT- = PMT (Rate, Nper, PV, FV, Type)

X. Answer the question 24 which carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 24.
Describe any four features of CAS.
Answer:
Simple and Integrated
Transparency and Control
Accuracy and Speed
Scalability
Reliability (any 4)

XI. Answer any one question from 25 to 26. Carries 5 scores. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 25.
(a) Using the following spreadsheet function, write the result displayed in the cell.
(i) = ROUND (412.654, -1)
(ii) = ROUND UP (25.314, 0)
(iii) = ROUND DOWN (568, -2)
(b) State the reason for the errors given below:
(i) #DIV/0!
(ii) #NAME
Answer:
(a) 410
(b) 26
(c) 500
(i) Number divided by Zero
(ii) Text in formula not recognised

Question 26.
Complete the following table:

Answer:

1. All receipts of cash or cheque
2. Sales
3. Credit/Cash purchase of goods
4. F9
5. Contra

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2022 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Board Model Paper 2022 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60 Marks

PART – I

A. Answer any five questions from 1 to 9. Each carries 1 score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
Keyword used to create structure is ___________ .
Answer:
struct

Question 2.
Write the Syntax to declare a pointer variable.
Answer:
Data_type *variable_name;

Question 3.
Object of the class is called ___________ .
Answer:
instance

Question 4.
Define ‘Data Structure’.
Answer:
It is a specialised format for organising .processing, retrieving and storing data

Question 5.
The tag used to create a hyperlink is ___________ .
Answer:
<a> tag

Question 6.
Write an attribute of <OL>tag.
Answer:
type or start

Question 7.
Keyword used to create variable in Java Script is ___________ .
Answer:
var

Question 8.
Which operator is used to add two strings in Java Script?
Answer:
+

Question 9.
In PHP, Variable name starts with ___________ Sign.
Answer:
$ symbol

B. Answer all questions from 10 to 13 each carries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 10.
Write the full form of CMS.
Answer:
Content Management System

Question 11.
A candidate key that is not the primary key is called ___________ .
Answer:
Alternate key

Question 12.
Data about data is called ___________ .
Answer:
Meta data

Question 13.
Write the name of the function used in PHP to display both data type and value of variables.
Answer:
var_dump()

PART – II

A. Answer any two questions from 14 to 17 each carries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 14.
What is polymorphism? What are the two types of polymorphism in OOP?
Answer:
Polymorphism is the ability for a message or data to be processed in more than one form. Two types of polymorphism are compile time polymorphism and run time polymorphism.

Question 15.
What is “queue” in data structure?
Answer:
Queue is a linear data structure, its working principle is FIFO (First-In-First-Out) manner.

Question 16.
Write the name of Java Script functions to perform the following:
(a) To display a message “Computer Science”.
(b) To print the length of the string “Hello”.
Answer:
a. alert(“Computer Science”);
b. alert(“Hello”.length);

Question 17.
Write any two advantages of Parallel Computing.
Answer:
A problem is divided into smaller ones that can be solved simultaneously. More than one instruction is
executed on multiple processors at any moment of time.

B. Answer any two questions from 18 20 each carries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 18.
What is dynamic array? Write the syntax.
Answer:
An array created during run time by using the operator new is known as dynamic array.
Its syntax is
Pointer = new data_type [ size];

Question 19.
What is Programming Paradigm? Write the name of any two programming paradigms.
Answer:
A programming paradigm is the way in which a program is organized. Two types of programming paradigms are procedure oriented paradigm and object-oriented paradigm.

Question 20.
Define Linked List. Write any two operations on Linked List.
Answer:
Linked list is a dynamic data structure containing a collection of nodes, where each node consists of a data and a link to the next node. Traversing, deletion, insertion etc. are operations on linked list.

PART – III

A. Answer any three questions from 21 to 24 each carries 3 scores. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 21.
What is Stack? Write algorithm to perform PUSH operation on stack.
Answer:
Stack is a linear data structure working on the principle of
LIFO (Last-In-First-Out).
Algorithm for PUSH operation is
Start
If (top < N – 1) Then
top = top + 1
STACK [top] = item
Else
Print “Stack Overflow”
End of If
Stop

Question 22.
Differentiate static and dynamic webpage.
Answer:

Static web page	Dynamic web page
• Contents and layout is fixed	• Contents and layout may change during run time
• Never use databases	• Database is used
• Server side application does not require	• Runs Server side application
• Easy to develop	• Programming skills is needed

Question 23.
Briefly explain the different types of Webhosting.
Answer:
Types of web hosting : Various types of web hosting services are available. We can choose the web hosting services according to our needs depends upon the storage space needed for hosting, the number of visitors expected to visit, etc.

1) Shared Hosting : This type of hosting sharing resources, like memory , disk space and CPU hence the name shared. Several websites share the same server. This is suitable for small websites that have less traffic and it is not suitable for large websites that have large bandwidth, large storage space and have large volume of traffic.
Eg: Shared hosting is verisimilar to living in an Apartment(Villas) complex. All residents are in the same location and must share the available resources(Car parking area, Swimming pool, Gymnasium, play ground, etc) with every one.

2) Dedicated Hosting : A web server and its resources are exclusively for one website that have large volume of traffic means large volume of requests by the visitors. Some Govt, departments or large organizations require uninterrupted services for that round the clock power supply is needed. It is too expensive but it is more reliable and provide good service to the public.
Eg: It is similar to living in an Our own house. All the resources in your house is only for you. No one else’s account resides on the computer and would not be capable of tapping into your resourses.

3) Virtual Private Server (VPS): A VPS is a virtual machine sold as a service by an Internet hosting Service. A VPS runs its own copy of an OS (Operating System) and customers have super level access to that OS instance, so they can install almost any s/w that runs on that OS. This type is suitable for websites that require more features than shared hosting but less features than dedicated hosting.
Eg: It is similar to owning a Condo

Question 24.
Write the name of different cloud service models.
Answer:
Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, Infrastructure as a Service (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS)

B. Answer any two questions from 25 to 27 each carries 3 scores. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 25.
What are the different ways to add JavaScript to a Webpage?
Answer:
(a) Inside <BODY>

(b) Inside <HEAD>

(c) External JavaScript file:- The extension .js is used Settle extension for the script file. The src attribute of the <SCRIPT> tag is set as the external JavaScript file name.

Question 26.
Write any three aggregate functions in SQL.
Answer:
SUM (), AVG(), MIN (), MAX () and COUNT () are aggregate functions.

Question 27.
Write any three advantages of e-learning, e-learning
Answer:

• Offers variety of courses from different institutions in the world
• Cost is very less
• Time and place is not an issue in e-Learning
• No need to travel which saves time and cost

PART – IV

A. Answer any three questions from 28 to 31 each carries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 28.
What are the two methods of memory allocation in C++? Write operators with its use.
Answer:
Static memory allocation and dynamic memory allocation are the two methods of memory allocations in C++, new operator is used for dynamic memory allocation, delete operator is used for releasing the allocated memory.

Question 29.
Define column constraints in SQL. Explain any three column constraints.
Answer:
It ensures the correct data is entered into the database.
(a) NOT NULL :- This specifies that a column can never have NULL values.
(a) AUTO_INCREMENT:- MySQL will assign serial numbers automatically for a column with this constraint.
(b) UNIQUE: – If a column is set with this constraint, then no two rows will have the same value.

Question 30.
Briefly explain any four data types in PHP.
Answer:
(a) Integers: – This include whole numbers. E.g. -45, 129 etc.
(b) Float/Double: – This include fractional numbers. Eg. 3.14
(c) String: – This is used to store text or string data . Eg.”Covid 19″
(d) Boolean: – This can hold two values such as true or false.

Question 31.
Briefly explain any four cyber crimes against individuals.
Answer:

1. Identity theft: – This occurs when someone uses another person’s identifying information like name, debit or credit card details , account number, passwords etc. without their permission.
2. Harassment: – Posting humiliating comments focusing on gender, race, religion and nationality at specific individuals in social media, e-mail etc. is called harassment.
3. Impersonation: – Impersonation is an act of pretending to be another person for the purpose of harming him/her.
4. Violation of privacy: – Posting or sharing images and videos in social media without their permission is violation of privacy

B. Answer any one question from 32 to 33. Each carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 32.
(a) Write any two client side scripting languages.
(b) Write any two attributes of <FRAMESET> tag.
Answer:
(a) Write any two client side scripting languages. A: JavaScript, VB Script
(b) Write any two attributes of <FRAME6ET> tag. A: Cols , Rows

Question 33.
Write any four applications of Computational Intelli-gence.
Answer:

1. Biometrics
2. Robotics
3. Computer Vision
4. Natural Language Processing
5. Automatic Speech Recognition. Etc.

PART – V

Answer any two questions from 34 to 36. Each carries 6 scores. (2 × 6 = 12)

Question 34.
(a) Explain four text formatting tags with its use.(2)
(b) Explain any two attributes of <BODY> tag. (2)
(c) Write HTML code to display the text H₂SO₄.(2)
Answer:
(a) Explain four text formatting tags with its use.
A: <B> for bold text, <I> for italics , <U> for underline, <S>for strike through.
(b) Explain any two attributes of <BODY> tag.
A: Background – To add a picture, Bgcolor – To change background color.
(c) Write HTML code to display the text H2S04 A: H₂SO₄

Question 35.
(a) Write HTML code to display the following list:

(b) Write HTML code to display the following table:

No. of Students
Science	56
Commerce	58

(c) Write any two attributes of <INPUT>tag. (2)
Answer:
(a) <h₁ align= “left”> INPUT DEVICES</h₁;
<OL>
<LI>MOUSE</LI>
<LI>KEYBOARD<aLI>
<LI>SCANNER</LI>
</OL>

(b) <TABLE Border= “2”>
<TR><th Colspan= “2”>No. of students</th></TR>
<TR><th>Science</th><td>56</td></TR>
<TR><th>Commerce</th><td>58</td></TR>
</TABLE>

(c) Type, Name, Value, Size etc.

Question 36.
Explain the advantages of DBMS.
Answer:
Advantages of DBMS

1. Data Redundancy – It means duplication of data. DBMS eliminates redundancy. DBMS does not store more than one copy of the same data.
2. Inconsistency can be avoided – If redundancy occurs there is a chance to inconsistency. If redundancy is removed then inconsistency cannot occur.
3. Data can be shared – The data stored in the database can be shared by the users or programs.
4. Standards can be enforced – The data in the database follows some standards. Eg : a field ‘Name’ should have 40 characters long. Some standards are ANSI, ISO, etc.
5. Security restrictions can be applied – The data is of great value so it must be kept secure and private. Data security means the protection of data against accidental or intentional disclosure or unauthorized destruction or modification by unauthorized person.
6. Integrity can be maintained – It ensures that the data is to be entered in the databse Is correct.
7. Efficient data access – It stored huge amount of data efficiently and can be retrieved whenever a need arise.
8. Crash recovery – Some times all or a portion of the data is lost when a system crashes. A good DBMS helps to recover data after the system crashed.

 

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2023 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Board Model Paper 2023 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60 Marks

Part – I

Answer any 5 questions from 1 to 6. Each carries 1 score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
Elements inside a structure is accessed by ___________ operator.
Answer:
dot operator(.)

Question 2.
___________ is the data structure that follows FIFO principle.
Answer:
Queue

Question 3.
The type of tag that requires only a starting tag but not an ending tag is called ___________ .
Answer:
Empty tag

Question 4.
___________ is used to store the IP address of a Webserver connected to a domain name.
Answer:
Domain Name System Server

Question 5.
The description Or structure of a database is called ___________ .
Answer:
Database Schema KITE Victers

Question 6.
Name the educational channel of Kerala Government,
Answer:
KITE Victers

Part – II

Answer any 9 questions from 7 to 18. Each carries 2 scores. (9 × 2 = 18)

Question 7.
Write any 2 differences between Array and a Structure.
Answer:

Structures	Array
• It is a user defined data type.	• Predefined data type.
• It is a collection of different types of logically related data under one name.	• Collection of data elements of same data type having a common name.
• Elements         referenced using dot operator (.).	• Elements references using its subscripts (position value).
• When an element of a structure becomes another structure nested structure and complex structures are formed.	• When an element of another becomes another array, multidimensional arrays are formed.
• Structures contains array as its elements.	• Array of structure can be formed.

Question 8.
Match the following:

A	B
(1) Stack	(a) Rear
(2) Queue	(b) POP
(3) Array	(c) Link
(4) Linked list	(d) Subscript

Answer:

A	B
(1) Stack	(b) POP
(2) Queue	(a) Rear
(3) Array	(d) Subscript
(4) Linked list	(c) Link

Question 9.
Write an algorithm to add a new element in a stack.
Answer:
It is the process of inserting(adding) a new data item into the stack. If the stack is full and we try to add a new item into the stack makes the stack over flow. Algorithm is given below

Step 1 : If top = N. Then print “OVERFLOW” and return
Step 2 : Settop=top+1
Step 3 : Set Stack[top]= item
Step 4 : stop

Question 10.
Explain any two methods of implementing CSS in a webpage.
Answer:
Inline – By using style attribute inside HTML elements Internal – By using <style> element in the <head> section

Question 11.
Name any two attributes of FORM tag.
Answer:
Name/Action/ Method/ Target

Question 12.
Explain any two data types in JavaScript.
Answer:
Unlike C++ it uses only three basic data types

1. Number: Any number(whole or fractional) with or without sign.
   Eg: +1977,-38.0003,-100, 3.1415, etc.
2. String: It is a combination of characters enclosed within double quotes.
   Eg: “BVM”, “jobi_cg@rediffmail.com”, etc
3. Boolean : We can store either true or false.It is case sensitive. That means can’t use TRUE OR FALSE

Question 13.
Distinguish between shared hosting and dedicated hosting.
Answer:

Shared hosting	Dedicated hosting
Multiple sites on a single server	Only one site on the Server
It is cheaper	Increment Very expensive
More traffic hence slower	Its faster

Question 14.
Expand the following Terms:
(a) VPS
(b) SFTP
Answer:
a) VPS – Virtual Private Server
b) SFTP – Secure File Transfer Protocol

Question 15.
Name any 4 column constraints in SQL.
Answer:
Aut_increment, not null, unique, primary key.

Question 16.
What are the rules for naming variables
Answer:
Rules for naming tables and columns

• The name may contain alphabets(A – Z, a – z), digits(0 – 9), under score(_) and dollar ($) symbol
• The name must contain at least one character.
• Special characters cannot be used except_ and $
• Cannot be a keyword
• The name must be unique.

Question 17.
Write any 2 differences between parallel computing and serial computing .
Answer:

Serial computing	Parallel computing
• A single processor is used.	• Multiple processors are used with shared memory
• A problem is divided into a series of instructions	• A problem is divided into smaller ones that can be solved simultaneously
• Instructions executed sequentially	• Instructions      executed simultaneously
• One instruction is executed on a single processor at any moment.	• More than one instruction is executed on multiple processors at any moment of time.

Question 18.
Explain the following terms in connection with Cloud Service Models.
(a) SaaS
(b) IaaS
Answer:
a) SaaS (Software as a service)
Eg. Google Docs

b) IaaS(Infrastructure as a service)
Eg. Amazon Web Services, IBM cloud, Etc.

Part – III

Answer any 9 questions from 19 to 29. Each carries 3 scores. (9 × 3 = 27)

Question 19.
What is Dynamic Memory Allocation? State the name and use of two dynamic operators.
Answer:
In dynamic memory allocation, the amount of memory to be allocated is not known in advance. It is allocated during run time as and when required using new operator. The delete operator is used to de-allocate the memory.

Question 20.
What is Inheritance? Explain any two types of Inheritance.
Answer:
Parent-child relationship is the best example of inheritance. Child derives properties of parents. C++ supports inheritance.

It is the capability of one class to inherit properties from another class. In other words, inheritance is the process of creating new classes called derived classes, from existing base classes. The derived class inherits all the properties of base class but can add features of its own. The base class is unchanged by this process.

Question 21.
Write html code to display the following in a web page:
(a) A₂B³
(b) X > Y
(c) X & Y
Answer:
a) A₂B³
b) X &gt; Y
c) X &amp; Y

Question 22.
Explain any 3 attributes of <BODY> Tag.
Answer:
Attri butes of body tag are:

1. BGCOLOR-Specifies background color for the document Body
   Eg. <BODY BGCOLOR= “RED”>
2. BACKGROUND -Sets the image as background for the document body
   Eg. <BODY BACKGROUNG= “C:\result.jpg”>
3. TEXT-Specifies the color of the text content of the page
   Eg. <BODY TEXT = “Red”>
4. LINK- Specifies colour of the hyperlinks that are not visited by the user
5. ALINK-Specifies the colour of hyperlinks
6. VLINK-Specifies the color of hyperlinks which are already visited by the viewer.
   Eg. <BODYALINK= “Cyan” LINK=” Magenta” VLINK= “Orange”>
7. Leftmargin and Right margin-Sets margin from left and top of the document window.

Question 23.
Write a short note on Heading Tags in HTML.
Answer:
There are 6 heading tags in Html. They are <h1> to w<h6>. From this <h1> gives largest heading while <h1> gives smallest one.

Question 24.
List and Explain any 3 Mouse Events in JavaScript.
Answer:
Different mouse events and their description is given below

Event	Description
onClick	It occurs when the user clicks on an object by using mouse
onMouseEnter	It occurs when the mouse pointer is moved onto an object
onMouseLeave	It occurs when the mouse pointer is moved out of an object
onKeyDown	It occurs when the user presses a key on the keyboard
on.KeyUp	It occurs when the user releases a key on the keyboard

Question 25.
List and Explain any 3 Built-in functions in JavaScript.
Answer:
BUILT IN FUNCTIONS (methods)
1) alert() : This is used to display a message (dialogue box) on the screen.
eg: alert(“Welcome to JS”);

2) isNaN() : To check whether the given value is a number or not. It returns a Boolean value. If the value is not a numberfNaN) then this function returns a true value otherwise it returns a false value.
EgA.

1. isNaN(“BVM”); returns true
2. isNaN(8172); returns false .
3. isNaN(“680121”) ; returns false
4. alert(isNaN(8172); displays a message box as false
5. toUpperCaseO : This is used to convert the text to upper case.
   Eg: varx=”bvm”; alert(x.toUpperCase());

Question 26.
List and explain any 3 database users in DBMS.
Answer:
Users of Database
a) Database Administrator – It is a person who has a central control over the DBMS.

b) Application Programmer – These are computer professionals who interact with the DBMS through programs.

c) Naive users – He is an end user. He does not know the details of DBMS.

Question 27.
List and explain the 3 components of SQL?
Answer:
Components of SQL are DDL, DML and DCL.

• DDL(Data Definition Language) commands (3-CAD)
  Create, Alter and Drop
• DML( Data Manipulation Language) Commands (4-SUDI)
  Select, Update, DeIee and Insert.
• DCL(Data Control Language) Commands(2-GR)

Question 28.
Explain the following terms in connection with the e-Governance infrastructure.
(a) SDC
(b) KSWAN
(c) CSC
Answer:
a) State Data Centre(SDC): It is used for providing e Governance to Government agencies(G2G), Citizens(G2C), Business persons(G2B) by National e Governance Plan(NeGP).

b) Kerala State Wide Area Network (KSWAN): It is envisaged to be the core common network infrastructure for e-Governance and the State Information Infrastructure(SII), connecting Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Calicut. It acts as backbone of SII.

c) Common Service Centre(CSC): These are the web enabled points of the government, private and social sector services. They provide services such as Agriculture, Health, Banking, Educational, Entertainment, Commercial, Transport services for the rural citizens of India. In Kerala Akshaya centers are working as CSC.

Question 29.
What is the difference between echo and print in PHP?
Answer:
The difference between echo and print

Echo	Print
Take more than one parameter	Only one parameter
Does not return any value	Returns TRUE or 1 on successful print and False otherwise
Faster	slower

Part – IV

Answer any 2 questions from 30 to 32. Each carries 5 scores. (2 × 5 = 10)

Question 30.
(a) What do you mean by an attribute of a Tag in HTML? (1)
(b) Explain any 4 attributes of <MARQUEE> Tag. (4)
Answer:
a) Attributes provide additional information to the tags. It makes the tags more meaningful.

b) Attributes of <MARQUEE>

• Height – Sets the height of the Marquee text
• Width – Sets the width of the Marquee text
• Direction – Specifies the scrolling direction of the text such as up, down, left or right
• Behavior – Specifies the type such as Scroll, Slide(Scroll and stop)and altemate(to and fro). <marquee behavior=”scroll” scrollamount =”100″> hello</marquee>
  <marquee behavior-‘slide” scrollamount= “100”> hello</marquee>
  <marquee behavior-‘alternate” scroll amount = “100”>hello</marquee>
• Scrolldelay – Specifies the time delay in seconds between each jump.
• scrollamount – Specifies the speed of the text
• loop – This specifies the number of times the marquee scroll. Default infinite.
• bgcolor – Specifies the back ground colour.
• Hspace – Specifies horizontal space around the marquee
• Vspace – Specifies vertical space around the marquee

Question 31.
Define the following operations in RDBMS with example:
(a) Union Operation (2)
(b) Set Difference Operation (2)
(c) Select Operation (1)
Answer:
(a) UNION operation
This operation returns a relation consisting of all tuples appearing in either or both of the two specified relations. It is denoted by U. duplicate tuples are eliminated. Union operation can take place between compatible relations only, i.e., the number and type of attributes in both the relations should be the same and also their order. e.g. SCIENCE U COMMERCE gives all the tuples in both COMMERCE and SCIENCE.

(b) SET DIFFERENCE Operation
It is a binary operation. It returns a relation containing the tuples appearing in first relation but not in the second relation. It is denoted by -(Minus). The two relations must be union compatible.“Eg. SCIENCE – COMMERCE gives all the tuples in SCIENCE that are not in the COMMERCE

(c) SELECT operation
SELECT operation is used to select tuples in a relation that satisfy a selection condition. Greek letter a σ (sigma) is used to denote the operation. Syntax,
σ_condition(relation)
eg- σ_{salary < 10000} (EMPLOYEE)-selects tuple whose salary is less than 10000 from EMPLOYEE relation.

Question 32.
(a) Explain the term e-Governance. (1)
(b) Describe the different interactions in e-Govemance. (4)
Answer:
(a) e-Governance: It facilitates interaction between different stakeholders in governance.

(b) G2G (Government to Government): It is the sharing data electronically among government departments or agencies.

G2C (Government to Citizens): The citizen utilizes government services electronically. It increases availability and accessibility of public services in a transparent manner.

G2B (Government to Business): The government interacts with business community through electronic modes. G2B reduces red-tapism, save time, reduce cost and ensure transparency.

G2E (Government to Employees): The government interacts with employees using e- Governance services, which result in fast and efficient communication between government and employees.

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Chemistry Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2019 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Chemistry Board Model Paper 2019 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Maximum: 60 Scores

Questions from 1-7 carry one score each, answer all the questions. (7 × 1 = 7)

Question 1.
Which of the following is an example of an ideal solution?
(a) Phenol + Aniline
(b) Ethanol + Acetone
(c) Acetone + Chloroform
(d) Benzene + Toluene
Answer:
(d) Benzene + Toluene

Question 2.
Identify the ore of zinc from the following:
(a) Siderite
(b) Malachite
(c) Haematite
(d) Calamine
Answer:
(d) Calamine

Question 3.
Write the ‘Spin-only’ formula used to calculate the magnetic moment.
Answer:
\(\mu=\sqrt{n(n+2)}\)
n = no. of unpaired electrons.

Question 4.
Give one example for a hexadentate ligand.
Answer:
EDTA

Question 5.
What is the chemical name of aspirin?
Answer:
Acetyl Salicylic Acid

Question 6.
Which synthetic zeolite is used for converting alcohol to gasoline?
Answer:
ZSM-5

Question 7.
What are the main constituents of Dettol?
Answer:
Chloroxylenol and Terpinol

Questions 8-20 carry two points each. Answer any ten questions. (10 × 2 = 20)

Question 8.
Write any two differences between crystalline and amorphous solids.
Answer:

Cystalline Substances	Amorphous Substances
1. Definite shape.	1. Irregular shape.
2. Sharp melting point.	2. Melting point is in a range.
3. Long range order.	3. Short range order.
4. Anisotropic.	4. Isotropic.

Question 9.
A compound with cubic structure is made of elements X and Y. X atoms are at the corners of the cube and Y atoms are at the body centre. Write the simplest formula of the compound.
Answer:
No. of X atoms (corners) = \(\frac{1}{8}\) × 8 = 1
No. of Y atoms (body centre) = 1
X : Y = 1 : 1 i.e. XY

Question 10.
When a zinc electrode (Zn (s)/Zn²⁺ (1m)) combines with SHE at 298 K and forms a galvanic cell. \(E_{\text {cell }}^0\) is found to be, 0.76 V. Write cell representation of the cell and calculate the standard electrode potential of the zinc electrode.
Answer:
When combined with SHE, the zinc electrode acts as an oxidation half cell (anode), while SHE acts as a reduction half cell or cathode.
\(E_{\text {cell }}^0\) = 0 – 0.76 = -0.76V

Question 11.
How many coulombs of electricity are required to produce 40 g of Al from Al3+ solution?
Answer:
Al³⁺ + 3e^– → Al
3 Faraday is needed to deposit 27g aluminum.
3F → 27 g Al
\(\frac{3F}{27}\) → 1 g Al
\(\frac{3F}{27}\) × 40 → 40 g Al
(\(\frac{3}{27}\) × 40) Faraday → 40 g Al
4.44 F → 40 g Al

Question 12.
What is chemical kinetics? Give any importance to it?
Answer:
Chemical kinetics is the branch of chemistry that deals with the rate of chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate, and the mechanism of a reaction.
Applications:

• To find how fast a medicine works.
• Speed of a reaction.
• Formation of ozone layer.

Question 13.
Explain homogeneous catalysis with one example.
Answer:
The catalysis in which both the reactants and the catalyst are in the same phase is called homogeneous catalysis.

Question 14.
Explain Mond Process.
Answer:
Mond Process: In this process, nickel is heated in a stream of carbon monoxide forming a volatile complex, nickel tetracarbonyl.
It is then decomposed to Ni and CO by heating at very high temperature.

Question 15.
PH₃ has a lower boiling point than NH₃, why?
Answer:
Due to the presence of strong hydrogen bonds, NH₃ has a high boiling point. But in PH₃ no hydrogen bond is present so its boiling point is low.

Question 16.
Silver atom has filled ‘d’ orbitals (4d¹⁰) in its ground state. Why is it considered a transition metal?
Answer:
Because its +1 and +2 oxidation state has incomplete d subshell. So it is a transition element.

Question 17.
Actinoid contraction is greater than Lanthanoid contraction. Account for it?
Answer:
The 5f electrons of actinoids are more effectively shielded from nuclear Charge than the 4f in lanthanoids.

Question 18.
Draw the cis and trans isomers of [CoCl₂(en₂]⁺?
Answer:

Question 19.
What is ‘DIBAL-H’? Give the importance of it?
Answer:
Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL – H) is a reducing agent.
Use: It can selectively reduce CN group or ester group without affecting double or triple bond.

Question 20.
Write the correct order of basic character of the following amines is (a) Gas phase and (b) in aqueous solution.
Answer:
In gas phase basicity is in the order 3° > 2° > 1°
(CH₃)₃N > (CH₃)₂NH > CH₃NH₂
In aqueous solution basicity is in the order 2° > 1 ° > 3°
(CH₃)₂NH > CH₃NH₂ > (CH₃)₃N

Questions from 21-29 carry three points each. Answer any seven questions. (7 × 3 = 21)

Question 21.
Write any three applications of Henry’s law.
Answer:

• Formation of bends as the scuba divers reach the Surface of the sea.
• Anoxia: At high altitudes, the amount of oxygen in the air is low, which creates a headache and is known as Anoxia.
• To increase the solubility of CO₂ in water, soda water is kept under high pressure in sealed vessels.

Question 22.
Activity and selectivity are the two important terms used in catalysis. Explain these terms with suitable examples.
Answer:
Activity: Catalyst can increase the rate of a chemical reaction.

The reaction takes place only in the presence of platinum.
Selectivity: A catalyst can direct a chemical reaction to a particular product.

Question 23.
(a) Write the formula for the following coordination compounds.
(i) Tetra ammine aquachlorido cobalt (III) chloride
(ii) Potassium tetrahydroxidozincate (II)
(b) Write the IUPAC names of the given coordination compound K[Co(SCN)₄]
Answer:
(a) [CO(NH₃)₄(H₂O)Cl]Cl₂
(b) K₂[Zn(OH)₄]
(c) Potassium Thiocyantatocobaltate (II)

Question 24.
Explain the S_N1 mechanism with a suitable example.
Answer:
Step I: Formation of a carbocation

Step II: Attack of a nucleophile

Question 25.
Complete the following.

Answer:

Question 26.
Write any three methods for the preparation of ethanamine (C₂H₅-NH₂).
Answer:
1. Reduction of nitriles

2. Reduction of Amides

3. Hoffmann bromamide reaction.
CH₃CH₂CONH₂ + Br₂ + NaOH → CH₃CH₂NH₂ + Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O + 2NaBr

Question 27.
Write the important structural and functional differences between DNA and RNA.
Answer:

DNA	RNA
Double stranded.	Single stranded.
Nucleic acid present is deoxyribose.	Nucleic acid present is deoxyribose.
Bases present are adenine, Thymine, cytosine, guanine.	Bases present are Adenine, Uracil Cytosine and guanine.

Question 28.
(a) Name two synthetic polypeptide fibres.
(b) Indicate the monomers in each.
Answer:
(a) Nylon 6,6 – monomers – hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid
(b) Nylon 6 – caprolactum

Question 29.
Explain the therapeutic action of the following:
(a) Antacids
(b) Analgesics
(c) Antibiotics
Answer:
(a) Antacid: Used to reduce acidity in the stomach.
(b) Analgesic: to reduce pain or painkillers.
(c) Antibiotics: are drugs which kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms which are prepared from other microorganisms.

Questions 30-33 carry fourscore each. Answer any three questions. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 30.
(a) Explain pseudo first order reaction with an example.
(b) A first order reaction has a rate constant 1.15 × 10^-3 S^-1. How long will 5g of this reactant take to reduce to 3g?
Answer:
(a) Reactions which appear to be higher order but follow first order kinetics are called pseudo first order reactions.
eg: CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O → CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH

Question 31.
(a) Why does ozone act as a powerful oxidising agent?
(b) How is O₃ estimated quantitatively?
Answer:
(a) Because ozone on decomposition gives nascent oxygen, which is a powerful oxidizing agent.
O₃ → O₂ + [O]
(b) When ozone and potassium iodide react, iodine is liberated. Now this iodide is titrated against a standard solution of sodium thiosulphate using starch as indicator.
2I + H₂O + O₃ → 2OH + I₂ + O₂
2Na₂S₂O₃ + I₂ → Na₂S₄O₆ + 2NaCl

Question 32.
(a) Explain the reason for the less reactivity of chlorobenzene than alkyl chloride?
(b) Identify the major product formed by the reaction of 2-bromobutane with alcoholic KOH. Give reason for it.
Answer:
(a) 1. Due to resonance effect, chlorobenzene develops a partial double bond character to the C-Cl bond which is difficult to break.
2. Instability of phenyl cation
3. Greater S character in sp² hybridised c-atom, which is more electronegative. Thus the bond in chlorobenzene becomes shorter and difficult to break.
4. Electron rich benzene ring

According to Saytzeft rule, more symmetric products are favoured.

Question 33.
Explain the following reactions.
(a) Aldol condensation
(b) HVZ reaction
Answer:
(a) Aldehydes or ketones with α hydrogen atom undergo condensation in the presence of dil. alkali to form aldols. (β hydroxy aldehyde). This reaction is known as aldol condensation.

(b) HVZ Reaction
Carboxylic acid with α hydrogen is heated with chlorine or bromine in the presence of red phosphorous to give α halo carboxylic acid.