Class 9

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Biology Question Paper Set 1 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Syllabus Std 9 Biology Model Question Paper Set 1 English Medium

Time: 1½ Hours
Max Score: 40 Marks

Instructions:

• First 15 minutes is given as cool off time. This time is to be spend for reading and understanding the questions.
• Answer the questions according to the directions.
• Score and time to be considered while answering.

I. Answer any 4 from questions 1 to 5. Each carries 1 score (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
Identify the process which is not a stage of nutrition.
Mechanical digestion, Absorption, Peristalsis, Ingestion.
Answer:
Peristalsis

Question 2.
Name the scientist who explained the reactions in the dark phase of photosynthesis.
Answer:
Melvin Calvin.

Question 3.
Name the organ where urea is synthesised?
Answer:
Liver

Question 4.
Name the phase of cellular respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm.
Answer:
Glycolysis.

Question 5.
Who are the chief producers in the ocean ecosystem?
Answer:
Algae and Phytoplanktons

II. Answer any 4 from questions 6 to10. Each carries 2 score (4 × 2 = 8)

Question 6.
One of the phases of photosynthesis is known as the Calvin cycle.
a. Identify the phase.
b. Why it is known as the Calvin cycle?
Answer:
a) Dark phase.
b) The reactions in the dark phase were discovered by the scientist Melvin Calvin.

Question 7.
Write two suitable, examples indicating the role of plants in the mitigation of natural disasters.
Answer:

• Mangrove forests help in controlling Tsunami to some extent.
• Bamboo forests, reed, vetiver, lemongrass, etc. protect the river banks from collapsing during flood.
• Trees and bushes prevent soil erosion and landslides.

Question 8.
Observe the given diagram related to the absorption of substances into lacteals and answer the questions.

a) Identify the process.
b) Which nutrients are absorbed through this process?
Answer:
a) Simple diffusion
b) Fatty acid and glycerol

Question 9.
Respiratory surfaces are different in various organisms. Mention the respiratory surfaces of the given organisms.
a) Fish
b) Earthworm
Answer:
a) Fish – Gills
b) Earthworm – Skin (Cutaneous respiration)

Question 10.
Given indicators are related to a specific part of the wall of heart. Analyse them and answer the questions.
• Functions like an electric cell.
• Located on the right atrial wall.
a) Which part of the heart is mentioned in the hints?
b) What is its function?
Answer:
a) Pacemaker (Sino atrial node)
b) Initiates the contribution and relaxation of heart and regulates the rate of heartbeat.

III. Answer any 4 from questions 11 to 15. Each carries 3 scores (4 × 3 = 12)

Question 11.
Synthesis of urea takes place in the liver
a) How does Urea synthesis happens?
b) Explain the elimination of urea.
c) What is excretion?
Answer:
a) The ammonia formed in tissues diffuses into blood through tissue fluids and blood transports it to the liver. In liver, with the help of certain enzymes, ammonia combines with carbon dioxide and water to form urea.

b) Kidneys play a major role in the excretion of urine which contains waste materials including urea. Urea is made when foods containing protein (such as meat, poultry, and certain vegetables) are broken down in the body. Urea is carried in the blood to the kidneys. This is where it is removed, along with water and other wastes in the form of urine.

c) Excretion is the process of removal of waste materials from the body.

Question 12.
Why all components in the glomerular filtrate are not present in urine? Find out the components that are reabsorbed and the components that are secreted.
Answer:
Because some of the components in the glomerular filtrate are reabsorbed into the blood and some are secreted into the renal tubules, so that, all compoments in the glomerular filtrate are not present in urine.

Components that are reabsorbed: Glucose, amino acids, NaCI, and other essential salts Components which are secreted: Hydrogen ions, potassium ions, etc.

Question 13.
Observe the picture and answer the following questions.

a) Identify and write‘X’and‘Y’.
b) Write the functions of the delicate and elastic air sacs seen at the end of ‘Y’.
c) How does the volume inside ‘Z’ reduce during expiration? How it is helpful?
Answer:
a) X = Trachea
Y= Bronchiole.
b) The exchange of respiratory gases takes place in these alveoli.
c) The intercostal muscles and diaphragm relaxes to lower the ribs during expiration. Thus the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases.

Question 14.
Complete the illustration related to human circulatory system.

Answer:
i) Double circulation
ii) Systemic circulation
iii) Start from the right ventricle and ends in the left atrium.

Question 15.
How far is the structure of villus suitable for the absorption process?
Answer:
Villi increase the surface area of absorption of nutrients to a great extent within the small intestine. Absorption of simple nutrients and 90 percent of water takes place through villi. Villi are lined with single-layered epithelial cells, which are the primary surface for nutrient absorption. Blood capillaries within the villus, formed from an arterial branch, absorb glucose, fructose, galactose, and amino acids, and then unite to form veins that exit the villus. Additionally, the lacteal, a branch of the lymph vessel, absorbs fatty acids and glycerol into the lymph.

IV. Answer any 4 from questions 16 to 20. Each carries 4 scores (4 × 4 = 16)

Question 16.
How does the body utilise each nutrient? Find out.
Answer:
Carbohydrates in our body are broken down into simple sugars in the digestive system. Glucose enters the bloodstream and is transported to cells, where it’s used for immediate energy production or stored for later use as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream and used to build, repair, and maintain various body structures and functions. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol during digestion. Fatty acids are then transported to cells for energy storage or used to build cell membranes and signaling molecules.

Vitamins are absorbed in small amounts from food and transported throughout the body. They work in conjunction with enzymes to regulate numerous metabolic processes.

Question 17.
An illustration related to the circulatory system of human beings is given below. Analyse it and answer the questions.

a) Which letter indicates Pulmonary artery?
b) Which blood vessel is indicated by the letter D?
c) Does the blood that has entered the ventricles return to the atria? Why?
d) What is the importance of double circulation in human?
Answer:
a) A

b) Aorta

c) No, the blood do not flow back to the atria. Because, tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve prevents the backflow of blood from ventricles to atria.

d) The same amount of blood passes through the human heart twice. This type of circulation is called double circulation. It includes pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Double circulation helps us to maintain the level of oxygen, in our body.

Question 18.
Redraw the figure given below, name and label the parts based on the indicators.

a) Part where odontoblast cells are seen
b) Tissue that holds the tooth in the gum.
c) The living tissue by which tooth is made.
Answer:
a) Pulp cavity
b) Cementum
c) Dentine

Question 19.
Plants store glucose in the form of starch.
a) Why do plants store glucose in the form of starch in leaves?
b) If glucose is what all plants prepare, then how could we get starch, protein, and fat from vegetable food items?
c) Why plants are called autotrophs?
Answer:
a) Since glucose is easily soluble in water it cannot be stored in the plant body as such. Therefore, plants store glucose in the form of insoluble starch in leaves.

b) Glucose produced after photosynthesis undergoes many metabolic activities and converts glucose into many nutrient-rich sources like tubers containing starch, legumes containing proteins, oil seeds containing fats, fruits containing fructose, and sugarcane containing sucrose.

c) Plants can produce their own food by photosynthesis and are called autotrophs.

Question 20.
Name the parts related to the human excretory system using the following hints.
a) Ultra filters present in the kidneys
b) Network of minute capillaries present in the Bowman’s capsule
c) Blood vessel which carries blood away from the kidneys
d) Part that carries urine to the urinary bladder.
Answer:
a) Nephrons
b) Glomerulus
c) Renal vein
d) Ureters

Students rely on Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Chemistry Textbook Solutions Chapter 5 Chemical Kinetics Notes Questions and Answers English Medium to help self-study at home.

Kerala SCERT Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 5 Solutions Chemical Kinetics

Kerala Syllabus Std 9 Chemistry Chapter 5 Chemical Kinetics Notes Solutions Questions and Answers

Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 5 Let Us Assess Answers Chemical Kinetics

Question 1.
Classify the following chemical reactions into combination reaction, decomposition reaction, double decomposition reaction and displacement reaction.
Zn + FeSCO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Fe
NaCl + AgNO₃ → NaNO₃ + AgCl
2Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2PbO + 4NO₂ + O₂
H₂ + I₂ → 2HI
Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2KI → PbI₂ + 2KNO₃
NH₄NO₂ → 2H₂O + N₂

Answer:

Question 2.
Write the balanced chemical equations of the chemical reactions given below and classify them into combination reactions, decomposition reactions and displacement reactions.
a. Magnesium + Nitrogen → Magnesium nitride
b. Zinc carbonate \(\xrightarrow{\text { Heat }}\) Zinc oxide + Carbon dioxide
c. Aluminum + Lead nitrate → Aluminum nitrate + Lead
Answer:
a. 3Mg + N₂ → Mg₃N₂ [Combination reaction]
b. 2ZnCO₃ → 2ZnO + 2CO₂ [ Decomposition Reaction]
c. 2Al + 3Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2Al(NO₃)₃ + 3Pb [Displacement Reaction]

Question 3.
Identify the types of chemical reactions given below.
i. Formation of black copper oxide on heating copper powder in a China dish
ii. Silver nitrate solution reacts with sodium chloride solution to form silver chloride and sodium nitrate solution.
iii. Formation of ferric oxide, Sulphur dioxide and Sulphur trioxide on heating ferrous sulphate granules in a test tube.
Answer:
i. Combination Reaction
Copper (Cu) combines with oxygen (O₂) from the air to form copper (II) oxide (CuO).

ii. Double Displacement Reaction
The silver ions (Ag⁺) and chloride ions (Cl^–) exchange take place, forming silver chloride (AgCl) and sodium nitrate (NaNO₃).

iii. Decomposition Reaction
Ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄) decomposes upon heating to form ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), and sulphur trioxide (SO₃).

Question 4.
What are displacement reactions? Write an example
Answer:
Displacement reactions are chemical reactions where one element or ion is replaced by another in a compound.
Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
In this reaction, zinc (Zn) displaces copper (Cu) from copper sulphate (CuSO₄), resulting in the formation of zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄) and copper.

Question 5.
Write two examples each of chemical reactions that take days or months to complete and those that take just a few seconds or minutes.
Answer:
Reactions That Take Days or Months to Complete:

• Rusting of Iron:
  Iron reacts with oxygen and moisture oVer time to form iron oxide (rust). This process can take days to years, depending on environmental conditions.
• Fermentation:
  The fermentation of sugars by yeast to produce alcohol (ethanol) can take several days to weeks. For example, in winemaking, the process typically lasts from a few days to several weeks.

Reactions That Take Just a Few Seconds or Minutes:

• Combustion of a Fuel:
  The burning of gasoline in an engine occurs very quickly, usually in seconds. For example, igniting a lighter or a matchstick produces a flame almost instantaneously.
• Neutralisation Reaction:
  The reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H₂O) is rapid, often completing within minutes.

Question 6.
How does the rate of a chemical reaction vary when a gas reacts with large pieces of a solid substance and its fine powder? Explain the reason.
Answer:
The rate of a chemical reaction depends on the surface area.

Large Pieces of Solid:
Only the outer surface reacts with the gas, which slows down the reaction because there’s less area for the gas to interact with.

Fine Powder:
The fine powder has a much larger surface area, allowing more gas molecules to collide with it at once. This speeds up the reaction.
The surface area of a reactant significantly affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A larger surface area leads to more frequent collisions between reactant molecules, which, in turn, increases the rate of the reaction.

Question 7.
The rate of a chemical reaction for a fixed amount of a reactant is slow at room temperature.
Is it possible to increase the rate of the chemical reaction without changing the temperature? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, it is possible to increase the rate of a chemical reaction without changing the temperature. Here are a few methods to achieve this:

• Increase Surface Area
• Increase Concentration
• Stirring of Agitation
• Use of Catalysts

These methods can enhance the reaction rate without raising the temperature.

Question 8.
Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas.
a. Write the chemical equation of this reaction.
b. What type of chemical reaction is this?
c. Suggest any two methods for increasing the amount of hydrogen.
Answer:
a. Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

b. This is a displacement reaction because zinc displaces hydrogen from hydrochloric acid.

c. Increase the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid:
Using a more concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid increases the availability of H⁺ ions, leading to more frequent collisions and a higher rate of hydrogen gas production.

Increase the Surface Area of Zinc:
Using zinc in the form of a fine powder instead of larger pieces will increase the surface area, allowing more collisions with hydrochloric acid and producing more hydrogen gas.

Question 9.
The chemical equation of the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen is given.
2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂
a. What type of chemical reaction is this?
b. Which substance is used to accelerate the decomposition of H₂O₂? By what name is it commonly known?
Answer:
a. This is a decomposition reaction. In this type of reaction, a single compound (hydrogen peroxide) breaks down into two or more products (water and oxygen).

b. The substance commonly used to accelerate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is manganese dioxide (MnO₂). It is often referred to simply as a catalyst. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Question 10.
Solutions of ammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide are taken in a test tube and heated.
a. Which gas is produced?
b. Which factor helps to increase the rate of the chemical reaction?
c. What is threshold energy?
d. Why does the rate of a chemical reaction increase as temperature increases?
Answer:
a. When solutions of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are heated, ammonia gas (NH₃) is produced along with water and sodium chloride (NaCl). The reaction can be represented as follows:
NH₄Cl + NaOH → NH₃(g) + H₂O + NaCl

b. One factor that helps to increase the rate of this chemical reaction is increasing the temperature. Heating the reactants speeds up the movement of particles, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions.

c. Threshold energy, also known as activation energy, is the minimum amount of energy required for reactants to undergo a chemical reaction. Only particles with energy equal to or greater than this threshold can effectively collide and react to form products.

d. The rate of a chemical reaction increases as temperature increases because:

• Increased Kinetic Energy: Higher temperatures give reactant particles more kinetic energy, causing them to move faster.
• More Frequent Collisions: Faster-moving particles collide more often, which increases the rate of successful collisions.
• Greater Energy of Collisions: Increased temperature means that a greater proportion of the particles have energy equal to or greater than the threshold energy, leading to more reactions occurring.

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Carry out the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium, following the experimental procedure given below.

Take 25 mL of dilute HCl in a conical flask. Place a 15 cm long Mg ribbon in the flask and start a stopwatch. Record the volume of hydrogen gas produced every 30 seconds, Swirl the flask slowly at regular intervals to ensure continuous reaction of the reactants. After fhe experiment, plot a graph between the volume of hydrogen on the ‘Y’ axis and time on the ‘X’ axis.

i. When is the rate of the chemical reaction highest in this experiment?
ii. How can the variation in the rate of the chemical reaction be explained?
iii. Repeat the above experiment using 25 mL of concentrated HCl instead of dilute HCl. Draw the graph. What change is noticed in the rate of the chemical reaction?
iv. Repeat the experiment by placing a 5 cm long Mg ribbon in 25 mL hydrochloric acid. Then, repeat the experiment by replacing the Mg ribbon with magnesium powder of equal mass. Compare the rates of chemical reactions using the graph.
v. Heat the system to 50°C. Then, put a 5 cm long Mg ribbon and record the volume of hydrogen every 30 seconds. Explain how the change in temperature affects the rate of chemical reaction by plotting the graph.
Answer:
i. The rate of the reaction is highest at the beginning when magnesium is freshly exposed to the acid.
Initially, the surface area available for reaction is maximised, and both reactants are at their highest concentrations.

ii. The rate decreases over time as:

• The concentration of HCl decreases as it reacts with Mg.
• The magnesium surface may become coated with magnesium chloride, hindering further reaction.
• The reaction is exothermic, but the initial conditions and reactant concentrations have the most impact on the rate.

iii. When using concentrated HCl:

• The rate of hydrogen gas production will increase significantly.
• The graph will show a steeper initial slope compared to the dilute HCl graph due to a higher concentration of HCl leading to more frequent collisions between reactant molecules.

iv. 5 cm Mg ribbon: The surface area is less than that of the magnesium powder, resulting in a slower reaction rate. The graph will show a lower rate of hydrogen production.
Magnesium powder: This increases the surface area exposed to the acid, leading to a rapid reaction and a steeper slope in the graph compared to the ribbon. The volume of hydrogen gas produced over time will be greater with the powder.

Comparing two reactions – the greater the surface area, the greater the rate of reaction.
v. Heating the system to 50°C increases the kinetic energy of the molecules, resulting in more frequent and effective collisions.
You would observe an increased volume of hydrogen gas produced over time, reflected in a steeper slope on the graph compared to the reaction at room temperature.

Comparing two reactions – the higher the temperature, the greater the rate of reaction.

Question 2.
Take an equal volume of potassium persulphate (K₂S₂O₈) solution in two test tubes. Heat one of the test tubes. Pour an equal amount of potassium iodide solution into both the test tubes.
a. In which test tube does iodine precipitate rapidly and form a brown colour?
b. Write the chemical equation of this reaction.
c. What is the effect on the rate of reaction by adding a little manganese dioxide to the unheated test tube?
d. What is the role of manganese dioxide here?
Answer:
a. Iodine precipitates rapidly and forms a brown colour in the test tube that was heated. Heating increases the reaction rate due to higher kinetic energy, leading to more frequent and effective collisions between reactants.

b. The reaction can be represented as follows
2KI + K₂S₂O₈ → 2K₂SO₄ + I₂

c. Adding manganese dioxide (MnO₂) to the unheated test tube increases the rate of reaction. MnO₂ acts as a catalyst, speeding up the formation of iodine without being consumed in the reaction.

d. Manganese dioxide acts as a catalyst in this reaction. It provides an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy, allowing the reaction to proceed more quickly, even at lower temperatures. This results in a more rapid formation of iodine, contributing to a more pronounced brown colour in the solution.

Question 3.
Observe the rate of formation of hydrogen iodide by passing a fixed amount of hydrogen gas at room temperature into the iodine crystal taken in a closed container. Repeat this experiment by heating up to 130°C. What change occurs in the rate of the chemical reaction? Explain.
Answer:
At Room Temperature:
Rate of Reaction: The reaction will proceed but at a relatively slow rate due to the lower kinetic energy of the molecules. The collisions between hydrogen and iodine molecules will happen less frequently and with less energy, resulting in a gradual formation of hydrogen iodide.

At 130°C:
Rate of Reaction: When the temperature is raised to 130°C, the rate of formation of hydrogen iodide significantly increases. This is due to the following reasons:

• Increased Kinetic Energy: Heating the system increases the kinetic energy of the reactant molecules, leading to more frequent and more energetic collisions.
• Higher Reaction Rates: The increased energy helps overcome the activation energy barrier more effectively, resulting in a faster reaction rate and more rapid formation of HI Heating the system to 130°C accelerates the reaction between hydrogen and iodine, resulting in a faster formation of hydrogen iodide compared to room temperature conditions.

Chemical Kinetics Class 9 Notes Questions and Answers Kerala Syllabus

Question 1.
Take some sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) in a spatula and heat it on a bunsen burner.
What is the colour of the product obtained?
Answer:
Black
The product formed is carbon. On strong heating, sugar decomposes to form carbon and water.
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + Heat → 12C + 11H₂O

Question 2.
Take some sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) in a test tube. Add 2 – 3 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid to it.
What is your observation?
Answer:
Brisk effervescence is observed, indicating the presence of CO₂ gas.
Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂

Question 3.
Add 2 – 3 mL of potassium iodide solution to 2 – 3 mL of lead acetate (Pb(CH₃COO₂) solution in a test tube.
a. In which part of the test tube is the product found?
Answer:
At the bottom as a precipitate.

b. What is its colour?
Answer:
Yellow
The product formed in yellow colour is lead iodide.
Pb(CH₃-COO)₂ + 2KI → PbI₂ + K₂(CH₃-COO)₂

Question 4.
Take some iron sulphide of a test tube. Add 2 – 3 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid to it and heat, Is the smell familiar?
Answer:
When dilute hydrochloric acid is heated with iron sulphide, a gas is produced that smells like rotten eggs. This gas is hydrogen sulphide.
FeS + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂S
Inferences of the activities given above

Experiment	How the chemical change is identified
1	The colour of the sugar changed
2	A gas is liberated
3	A precipitate is formed
4	A pungent gas is produced

Question 5.
What do you observe?
Answer:
The outer side of the beaker feels hot.
Here, calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂). It is an exothermic reaction as well.

Question 6.
Write the chemical equation of the reaction.
Answer:
CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + heat
An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases heat.
Eg: Burning of fuel
Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions that involve the absorption of heat.
Eg: CaCO₃ + Heat → CaO + CO₂

Question 7.
Which are the substances combined in the following reactions? What are the products obtained as a result of these reactions?
a. N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃
b. 2SO₂ + O₂ → 2SO₃
Answer:

Reaction	Substances combined	Products formed
a	N2, H2	NH3
b	2SO2, O2	SO3

The reaction in which two or more simple substances (elements/compounds) combine to* form a compound is called combination reaction.
More examples of combination reaction

• 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
• 2Na + Cl₂2 → 2NaCl
• C + O₂ → CO₂
• H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
• 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
• S + O₂ → SO₂

Question 8.
What change is observed?
Answer:
Ammonium dichromate bums in a purple (pink) colour.
When ammonium dichromate undergoes thermal decomposition, chromium trioxide (Cr₂O₃), water vapour and nitrogen are formed.
(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇ → Cr₂O₃ + 4H₂O + N₂↑

Question 9.
Examine the following chemical reactions.
a. 2Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2PbO + 4NO₂↑ + O₂↑
b. CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂↑

Which substances underwent decomposition? What are the products obtained?
Answer:

Reaction	Substances that underwent decomposition	Products obtained
a	Pb(NO3)2	PbO, NO2, O2
b	CaCO3	CaO, CO2

Decomposition reaction is the process by which a compound breaks down into two or more substances

More examples of decomposition reaction

• 2HgO → 2Hg + O₂
• 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂
• C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ → 12C + 11H₂O
• Ca(OH)₂ → CaO + H₂O
• 2HI → H₂ + I₂
• 2Al(OH)₃ → Al₂O₃ + 3H₂O
• NH₄Cl → NH₃ + HCl

Question 10.
Heat a small amount of copper carbonate (CuCO₃) in a boiling tube. What change is observed? What are the products obtained? Write the balanced chemical equation of the chemical reaction.
Answer:
CO₂ gas is produced. Blue copper carbonate turns into black-coloured cupric oxide.
CuCO₃ + Heat → CuO + CO₃

Question 11.
What do you observe?
Answer:
A white curdy precipitate is formed.

Question 12.
Examine the chemical equation of this reaction given below.
NaCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl↓ + NaNO₃
Can you identify the product precipitated as a result of this reaction?
Answer:
Silver chloride is the insoluble precipitate formed.
(Sodium nitrate is soluble in solution)

Question 13.
In one of the reactants, sodium chloride, which ion is bonded to the sodium ion?
Answer:
Chloride ion.

Question 14.
Among the products formed, with which metal ion does the chloride ion combine?
Answer:
Silver ion.

Question 15.
Consider the nitrate ion in the second reactant silver nitrate. With which metal ion does the nitrate ion combine to form the product?
Answer:
Sodium ion.
In the reaction between sodium chloride and silver nitrate, ions are exchanged.

Double decomposition reaction is a reaction in which two compounds, reacting with each other, interchange their ions to form two new compounds.

Double decomposition reactions can be classified into three types.
1. Precipitation reactions – Precipitates are insoluble solid compounds which can be separated from the solution.
MgCl₂ + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + 2HCl

2. Reactions that involve formation of gas.
CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂

3. Reactions that involve formation of products among which at least one compound does not dissociate into ions.
The neutralisation reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide base to give water and salt is an example of such a chemical reaction.
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂0

More examples of double decomposition reaction

• Na₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ → BaSO₄ + 2NaCl
• HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
• CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂
• MgCl₂ + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + 2HCl
• 2NaCl + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2HCl
• 2NaNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2HNO₃

Question 16.
What do you observe?
Answer:
The reaction bubbles vigorously as hydrogen gas is produced.

Question 17.
Which gas burns with a ‘pop’ sound?
Answer:
Hydrogen gas bums with a pop sound.

Question 18.
Notice the balanced chemical equation of this chemical reaction, given below.
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑
During this chemical reaction, which atom replaces hydrogen in the reactant, HCl, to form the product?
Answer:
The zinc atom replaces the hydrogen atom in hydrochloric acid.
Reactions in which an element in a compound is displaced by another element are called displacement reactions
More examples of displacement reactions

• Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂
• Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂
• CuSO₄ + Fe → FeSO₄ + Cu
• CuSO₄ + Zn → ZnSO₄ + Cu
• Fe₂O₃ + Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃

Question 19.
Classify the following chemical reactions into combination reaction, decomposition reaction, double decomposition reaction and displacement reaction. Also, include more examples.
1. Zn + 2AgNO₃ → Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag
2. CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
3. 2HI → H₂ + I₂
4. Cu(NO₃)₂ + Na₂S → CuS + 2NaNO₃
5. SO₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₃
Answer:
Combination reactions
SO₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₃
N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃
2CO + O₂ → 2CO₂
NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

Decomposition reactions
2HI → H₂ + I₂
CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
NH₄Cl → NH₃ + HCl
2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂
CuCO₃ → CuO + CO₂

Double decomposition reactions
Cu(NO₃)₂ + Na₂S → CuS + 2NaNO₃
CuSO₄ + BaCl₂ → CuCl₂ + BaSO₄
Na₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ → 2NaCl + BaSO₄
Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2KI → PbI₂ + 2KNO₃

Displacement reactions
Zn + 2AgNO₃ → Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag
CuSO₄ + Fe → FeSO₄ + Cu
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂
Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Question 20.
What measures do we take to prevent the spoilage of food?
Answer:

• Preserve using salt.
• Use of preservatives.
• Keep refrigerated.
• Sterilisation
• Dry storage

All chemical reactions do not take place at the same speed. There are several factors that affect the speed of a chemical reaction.

Question 21.
Take an equal volume of dilute hydrochloric acid in three test tubes. Place pieces of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg) of the same size in each of the three test tubes.
Observation:
Test tube 1: -No reaction
Test tube 2: – A moderate reaction will be observed with zinc. Gas evolution will be slower than with magnesium, and the metal will dissolve at a slower rate.
Test tube 3: – The most vigorous reaction will occur with magnesium. You will observe rapid gas evolution, and the metal will dissolve quickly.

a. Which test tube shows the highest rate of chemical reaction?
Answer:
Test tube 3
Here, since the metals are of the same size and the volume of hydrochloric acid is equal, it is clear that the rate of chemical reaction is different due to the characteristic properties of metals like copper, zinc and magnesium.

b. Why does magnesium react very slowly with water while sodium reacts vigorously with water at room temperature?
Answer:
The rate of chemical reaction depends on the nature of the reactants. Sodium is a more reactive metal than magnesium. So sodium reacts strongly with water even at normal temperature.

Question 22.
Take an equal volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid in two test tubes.
a. If so, which test tube contains a greater number of HCl molecules per unit volume?
Answer:
The test tube containing concentrated HCl contains a greater number of HCl molecules Place magnesium ribbons of equal mass in both test tubes.
Record the observation of the chemical reaction taking place in each test tube.

Test tube 1: – Vigorous reaction: Immediate and intense bubbling occurs.
Test tube 2: – Slower reaction: Bubbling is observed, but it is less intense than with concentrated HCl.

b. Which test tube shows the higher rate of a chemical reaction?
Test tube 1
Answer:

• Because the number of reactant molecules per unit volume is greater in a test tube containing concentrated hydrochloric acid.
• As the concentration of reactant increases, the number of particles per unit volume increases, and
  consequently, the number of effective collisions increases. Due to this, the rate of chemical reaction also increases.

Question 23.
If steel wool is heated in air, it will become red hot and get oxidised slowly. However, if the heated steel wool is exposed to an oxygen-rich environment, it will burn strongly and produce the product at a faster rate. What is the reason for this?
Answer:
This is due to the concentration of oxygen which is one of the properties. As the density increases, the number of effective collisions increases, and the rate of chemical reaction increases.

a. Which are the reactants in this chemical reaction?
Answer:
Piece of marble, Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

b. What are their physical states?
Answer:
Piece of marble: Solid state
Hydrochloric acid (HCl): Liquid
Let us write the chemical equation of this reaction.
CaCO₃(s) + 2HCl(l) → CaCl₂(s) + H2O(1) + CO(g)
Experiment:

Question 24.
Now, take a piece of marble and powdered marble of equal mass. Treat them with dilute hydrochloric acid of equal volume and same concentration. Record the observations.

a. Is the rate of the reaction the same in both the beakers?
Answer:
No

b. Is the surface area of the marble equal?
Ans:
No

c. What change occurs in the rate of collision between the reactant molecules as the surface area increases?
Answer:
The surface area of a reactant significantly affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A larger surface area leads to more frequent collisions between reactant molecules, which, in turn, increases the rate of the reaction.

d. What is the change in the rate of reaction if the marble pieces are ground to fine powder?
Answer:
If marble pieces are ground to fine powder, the rate of reaction will increase significantly. This is
because grinding the marble into a fine powder increases its surface area. With a larger surface area, there are more points of contact between the marble and the hydrochloric acid, leading to more frequent collisions between the reactant molecules. This increased collision rate results in a faster reaction.

Example: Wood bums quickly when it is cut into small pieces. The rate of chemical reaction increases with an increase in surface area.

Physical state of reactants and rate of reaction
The rate of a chemical reaction is related to the physical state of the reactants. When zinc sulphate and barium nitrate in a solid state are mixed, no noticeable reaction takes place between them. But when their aqueous solution is mixed, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is immediately formed. This chemical reaction occurs due to the effective collision between the molecules. That is, the physical state of the reactants plays an important role in determining the rate of reaction. This explains why gasoline vapour ignites more explosively than liquid gasoline.

Question 25.
Take dilute hydrochloric acid in two test tubes. Put a large piece of eggshell in the first test tube. In the second test tube, add an equal amount of powdered eggshell.

a. In which test tube is the rate of chemical reaction found to be higher?
Answer:
The rate of chemical reaction will be higher in the test tube containing powdered eggshell.

b. What is the reason for this?
Answer:
The reason for the faster reaction with powdered eggshell is increased surface area. When the eggshell is powdered, its surface area is significantly larger than that of a large piece. This increased surface area allows for more contact between the eggshell and the hydrochloric acid, leading to ‘ more frequent collisions between the reactant molecules and a faster reaction rate.

c. Write the chemical equation of the chemical reaction taking place here.
Answer:
The chemical reaction between eggshell (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) produces calcium chloride (CaCl₂), water (H₂O), and carbon dioxide gas (CO₂). The balanced chemical equation is:
CaCO₃(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl₂(aq) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)

Question 26.
Firecrackers used to enrich celebrations contain magnesium. Magnesium gives off a rich glow when it burns. Magnesium powder is used here. What could be the reason?
Answer:
Magnesium powder is used in firecrackers because it bums very brightly and produces a dazzling white light.

Here’s why:

• High reactivity: Magnesium is a highly reactive metal, meaning it readily reacts with oxygen in the air.
• Exothermic reaction: The reaction between magnesium and oxygen is highly exothermic, releasing a large amount of heat and light.
• Bright flame: The intense heat causes the magnesium to bum with a brilliant white flame.
• Fine powder: Using magnesium powder increases the surface area, which leads to a faster and more intense reaction, resulting in a brighter and more dazzling light.

Question 27.
Temperature is the measure of the hotness or coldness of a matter.
Let us examine the reaction between ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
a. What are the products obtained when these compounds react?
Answer:
Sodium chloride (NaCl), Water (H₂O) and Ammonia gas (NH₃)
NH₄Cl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O + NH₃↑
Experiment:
Take 2 mL of ammonium chloride solution in a test tube and pour into it 2 mL of sodium hydroxide solution taken in another test tube.

b. Did you observe the formation of any product?
Answer:
Yes

c. Wave your hand so that air from the mouth of the test tube moves towards your nose.
Do you experience any smell?
Answer:
A slight odour of ammonia.

d. Heat the test tube and check the smell again. Write your observation.
Answer:
The pungent smell of ammonia is obtained when the test tube is heated. That is, the increase in the rate of reaction is due to the increase in temperature.

Question 28.
The procedure for the chemical reaction between sodium thiosulphate (Na₂S₂O₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is given below. Identify the factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction by doing the experiment.
Prepare a dilute solution of sodium thiosulphate in a beaker. Take an equal amount of this solution in two test tubes. Heat one of the test tubes for a short while. Pour an equal volume of dilute hydrochloric acid into both test tubes.
Record your observations.
Answer:
Appearance of the cloudy precipitate.

a. In which test tube did the precipitate form quickly?
Answer:
The faster appearance of the cloudy precipitate in the heated test tube indicates that the reaction rate is higher at higher temperatures. This demonstrates that temperature is a factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction.

b. Which factor influenced the rate of the chemical reaction here and write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.
Answer:
Temperature influences the rate of the chemical reaction.
The experiment showed that the heated test tube produced a cloudy precipitate more quickly than the one at room temperature. This indicates that increasing the temperature accelerated the reaction.
Na₂S₂O₃ + HCl → 2NaCl + S + H₂O + SO₂

Let us recognise the effect of temperature on some of the reactions around us,

• The dough that we grind to make dosa and idli can be seen to ferment quickly at normal temperature, but if the dough is kept in the refrigerator, it will rise slowly.
• You know that light worms can emit light by the chemiluminescence effect. Light sticks mixed with certain chemicals can also emit light. Such light sticks can emit intense light at high temperatures.

Question 29.
Take some hydrogen peroxide solution in a boiling tube. Insert a burning incense stick in the boiling tube.
Let us write the chemical equation of this reaction.
2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂ ↑
a. Is there any difference in the burning of the incense stick?
Answer:
When you insert a burning incense stick into a boiling tube containing hydrogen peroxide, you’ll likely observe a more vigorous and brighter flame compared to its burning in air alone.
Now, add a little manganese dioxide (MnO₂) into the boiling tube and insert the burning incense stick in the tube again.

b. What is observed now?
Answer:
It can be seen that the speed of combustion of the incense stick has increased. This is because the
rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide increases, and more oxygen is released.
Manganese dioxide is used as a catalyst in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Here, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is accelerated by the substance manganese dioxide.

c. Can you identify the catalysts in the following chemical reaction
i. Manufacture of ammonia by Haber process.

Answer:
The catalyst used in the Haber process for the manufacture of ammonia is iron (Fe)

ii. Manufacture of sulphuric acid by contact process

Answer:
The catalyst used in the Contact Process is vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅).

Catalysis in nature

• Enzymes are protein molecules that act as catalysts in living cells.
• They accelerate chemical reactions at normal temperature and pressure.
• Amylase is an example of an enzyme found in saliva.
• It converts starch into maltose.

Catalyst and Magic
Catalyst and Sugar Candy

• Sugar candy melts when heated but doesn’t bum.
• Adding ash to the suger candy before heating can cause it to bum.
• Metal compounds in the ash act as catalysts for the combustion of the sugar candy.

Bombardier Beetle Defense

• Bombardier beetles use catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide for self-defence.
• Enzymes produced by the beetle accelerate this reaction, releasing steam and other irritating chemicals.

Students can Download Social Science Part 1 Chapter 9 Towards a Bright Future Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 1 Maternity

Std 9 English Textbook Maternity Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How did the Armenian refugees settle?
Answer:
They settled down in any way they could: the richest under tents; the others in the ruined sheds; but the majority of the refugees were sheltered under carpets held up at the four corners by sticks.

Question 2.
Describe the life of the refugees in the camp.
Answer:
The men found odd jobs and so that they and their families had something to eat.

Question 3.
Why couldn’t Mikail earn even a penny?
Answer:
Mikail couldn’t look for work because he had with him his new-born brother. His mother had died at childbirth.

Question 4.
Why was he chased away by his fellow Armenians?
Answer:
He was chased away by his fellow Armenians because they were unable to bear the continuous, disturbing cries of the new-born baby.

Question 5.
Mikali wandered like a ‘lost soul.’ Comment on the comparison.
Answer:
Mikali wandered about like a lost soul because he did not get any help or protection from anyone. As a lost soul wanders around looking for peace and rest, Mikali too was wandering.

Question 6.
Why did the refugees wish that the child would die?
Answer:
The refugees listened to the cries of the baby with irritation. They all had so many troubles of their own and they all wanted it to die and give them their peace.

Question 7.
Notice how the women behaved. What do you think about their attitude?
Answer:
No woman in the camp came forward to help and protect the child. It is very saddening and shameful of them to behave in that inhuman manner.

Question 8.
What made Mikali go to the camp of the Anatolians?
Answer:
Mikali had been told that there was a nursing mother there who might take pity on his baby. So with full of hope there he went there.

Question 9.
Mikali did not stop when the old women rose to ask him what he wanted because …
a. he was very tired.
b. he heard the wailing of the infant.
c. he wanted to see the ‘nursing mother.’
d. he didn’t like the women.
Answer:
c. he wanted to see the nursing mother.

Question 10.
Why was Mikali happy?
Answer:
At Mikali’s appeal, a lovely, dark woman appeared. She held in her arms an infant blissfully sucking the maternal breast; its eyes were half-closed. She asked if she could see the kid and enquired whether it was a boy or a girl. On hearing this Mikali was happy.

Question 11.
Why did the women give vent to cries of horror?
Answer:
The child had no longer anything human about it. The head had become enormous and the body was all shrivelled up. As until then it had sucked only its thumb, it was all swollen. So, the women give vent to cries of horror.

Question 12.
Why did he feel immensely alone and lost?
Answer:
It was very difficult for Mikali to get food and shelter. He was helpless and his life was full of misery. Moreover, he was mercilessly turned away by people, g. There was nothing he could do to help the baby he carried along. So he felt immensely alone and lost.

Question 13.
Why did he sob?
Answer:
He would have to go looking for some half-eaten roll left on a plate; or else, rake about in the garbage for what a dog would not have eaten. Suddenly, life 9. seemed to him so full of horrors that he covered his face with his hands and began to cry badly.

Question 14.
In what way is the Chinaman different from the refugees?
Answer:
The Chinaman was kind-hearted and helpful. He helped Mikali to overcome the difficult situation.

Question 15.
Describe how the Chinaman’s wife behaved when she saw Mikali with her husband.
Answer:
Seeing the men, her face reddened and with a happy smile she made a brief courtesy to them.

Question 16.
What did the Chinaman’s wife do when she saw the famished infant?
Answer:
She gave a cry of immense pity and then pressed the baby to her heart, giving it the breast. Then, with a gesture of modesty, she brought forward a flap of her robe over the milk-swollen breast and the poor, gluttonous infant suckling there.

Maternity Additional Comprehension Questions and answers

Question 1.
Describe the refugee camp.
Answer:
The refugee camp looked like a small village. The richest among the refugees had settled down under tents, others in the ruined sheds, but the majority of the refugees were sheltered under carpets held up at the four corners by sticks. The men were ready to do any work, to get some money to buy food for the family.

Question 2.
Why were the men in the refugee camp ready to do whatever work they found?
Answer:
They had to get food for themselves and their families.

Question 3.
What had happened to the mother of the newborn babe?
Answer:
The mother had died in childbirth.

Question 4.
Who had so badly chosen the moment to appear on the earth?
Answer:
Mikali’s newborn brother.

Question 5.
Did anyone in the camp extend a helping hand to Mikali?
Answer:
No. Nobody helped Mikali.

Question 6.
What were the troubles Mikali faced because of the newborn baby?
Answer:
He had to bear his newborn brother on his back round the clock. Moreover, the baby wailed throughout and that made the whole neighborhood awake even at night, and they chased Mikali away from the camp.

Question 7.
‘Mtkali felt immensely lonely and lost’. Why?
Answer:
The Armenians and Anatolians chased Mikali away from the camp. He couldn’t find food for his wailing newborn brother. This made him feel immensely alone and lost.

Question 8.
Why did Mikali wander about like a drunken man?
Answer:
He was tired and he was carrying the baby on his back. He couldn’t find food for himself and his wailing brother.

Question 9.
Who were Anatolians?
Answer:
The Anatolians were refugees who had fled from the Turkish massacres in Asia Minor.

Question 10.
What fear did Mikali have of the Orientals?
Answer:
Mikali had heard so many horror stories about the cruelty of the Orientals.

Question 11.
What did the Chinaman do when he saw Mikali’s plight?
Answer:
He took Mikali and his brother to his own house.

Question 12.
Why did the refugees mock at the Chinaman?
Answer:
The refugees mocked at the Chinaman because of his colour and his squint.

Question 13.
Did Chinamans’s wife welcome Mikali to her home?
Answer:
Yes, she welcomed Mikali and proved her humanity.

Question 14.
The young woman invited Mikali to walk in and see something. What was it?
Answer:
The young woman invited Mikali near a wicker cradle. In it her own baby was sleeping.

Question 15.
How did the Chinaman’s wife react on seeing the newborn brother of Mikali?
Answer:
At first she cried and then with immense pity she pressed the baby to her heart and gave it breast-milk.

Question 16.
What was the response of Mikali to see Chinaman’s baby?
Answer:
Mikali silently admired the Chinaman’s baby.

Question 17.
Was the Chinaman different from the refugees? How?
Answer:
Yes, he was different from the refugees. He didn’t chase Mikali away; instead he felt pity and took Mikali home.

Let’s revisit and reflect

Question 1.
How did the child become a problem to Mikali and the others in the refugee camp? What impression do you get about Mikali from the way he faced the problem?
Answer:
The child became a problem to Mikali because the mother died at childbirth and Mikali had to take care of the newborn baby. The child became a problem for others in the refugee camp as it always cried. Since it did not get any milk to drink it was hungry and it went on crying disturbing the others in the camp. They had their own problems and they did not want to hear these constant cries.

Mikali is a loving boy. In spite of his hunger and tiredness he carried the baby on his back all the. time. Finally, he gets help from the Chinaman and his wife. His perseverance and brotherly love are quite impressive.

Question 2.
Describe Mikali’s experiences in the Armenian camp and the Anatolian camp. What difference do you notice?
Answer:
Mikali experienced great indifference and neglect from both the Armenian and Anatolian camps. The refugees in both the camps behaved as if they had lost all their humanity. Not a single man or woman from both the camps felt pity on the newborn babe or. Mikali. I do not notice any difference between the two camps – both were miserable.

Question 3.
How does the story reveal the nobility of maternity? Describe.
Answer:
The story reveals the nobility of maternity by showing how the Chinaman’s wife behaved when she saw the hungry child. Although the baby was horrible looking with its swollen head and thumb, and frail body, she readily breastfeeds the baby, giving it new life. Most mothers are like the Chinaman’s wife – tender, kind and empathetic.

Question 4.
Which character in the story was the most empathetic to the baby? justify.
Answer:
The Chinaman’s wife was the most empathetic to the baby. It is true that the Chinaman was empathetic and that is why he took Mikali and the baby home. But the woman could have refused to feed the baby. But she takes the baby and breastfeeds it showing her empathy.

Activity 1

What is your impression about the Chinaman and his wife? How are they different from the other characters in the story? Write a paragraph. The following hints may help you.

Answer:
The Chinaman and his wife are exemplary models for love and humanity. The Armenians and Anatolians have so many imaginary stories showing the Orientals as cruel and brutal. But here we see them to be much more empathetic towards the suffering Mikali and his new-born brother. Mikali and brother were driven out both from the Armenian and Anatolian camps because of the constant cries of the starving newborn baby. As its mother had died in childbirth he never got any milk. By sucking its thumb all the time, it had swollen. Its body was frail and head had grown to enormous size.

All these did riot make the refugees from both the camps to help the baby. The Armenians wanted it to die so that they are not disturbed by the cries of the baby. But the Chinaman and his wife proved to be a real savior as the wife breastfed the baby without worrying how horrible and dirty it looked. The Chinaman and his wife prove there are still good people on this earth.

Activity – 2

“…the majority of the refugees, having found nothing better, were sheltered under carpets held up at the four corners by sticks.” “Mikali ate the stale bread which his neighbors cared to offer and it weighed on him.”

You have understood the sufferings of the people in the refugee camp. If a disaster (flood, cyclone, earthquake, etc.) strikes your neighboring village, what action plan will you prepare for immediate relief?
Answer:
a) Evacuate the people to a safe place.
b) Make provision for their feeding and drinking water.
c) Provide them with necessary sanitation facilities.
d) Take steps to prevent contagious diseases.
e) Provide medical facilities.
f) Give the people counseling.
g) Make their rehabilitation as quickly as possible.

a) Study the pie chart below, showing the effect of natural calamities in the world over the past few years.

Answer:

1. Flood
2. Drought

Discuss:

Question 1.
What are the adverse effects of calamities? List them.
1. diseases
2. ……………….
3. ……………….
4. ……………….
Answer:
2. deaths
3. loss of property
4. dislocations

Question 2.
Suggest a few precautionary measures to reduce the adverse effects of such calamities.
Answer:

• Give early warnings to people.
• Evacuate people to safer places.
• Ensure that there is enough food supplies.
• Ensure that the hospitals are ready to look after the sick.
• Take all the possible steps to prevent such calamities. Prevention is better than cure.

a) In certain cases, people are given some precautionary measures. A few warnings related to earthquake are given in the boxes.

Prepare a few warnings to be given to avoid the spread of epidemics in the camp
Answer:

• Conduct awareness programmes.
• Drink only clean water, preferably boiled and cooled.
• Eat only healthy diet.
• Take preventive vaccinations.
• Avoid contact with the sick people.

b) Now, we can think about forming a Disaster Management Committee. Form different groups like Medical Assistance Group, Food Catering Group, Publicity Wing, etc. Sit in groups and discuss what you can do in case of emergencies. Present your ideas in the class.
Answer:
Present these ideas in the class.

c) Suppose you are the convenor of the Publicity Committee. What can you do to ensure community support?
1. Prepare posters.
2. ……………
3. ……………
4. ……………
Answer:
1. Prepare posters
2. Conduct awareness programmes
3. Make the people hygiene conscience
4. Make the people to keep their premises and environment clean

d) Now, design posters to make the community aware of the dangers of epidemics.
Answer:
Posters showing rubbish heaps where insects and rodents flourish.
Posters publicising preventive vaccinations.
Posters stressing the need to drink clean water and eat healthy foods.
Posters showing personal hygiene.

Language Activities

Activity -1

Read the following sentences from the story ‘Maternity.’

“Have pity on this poor orphan and give him a little milk… ,” he said in Greek.
“Come with me,” said the Chinaman.
“Come in, then. Do not be afraid,” said the Chinaman.
What do you notice about the sentences given within quotes?
Write your findings here
1. They begin with verbs.
2. …………..
3. …………..
Answer:

1. They begin with verbs.
2. They are the words spoken by the various speakers.
3. The actual words of the speaker are enclosed in quotation marks.

a) Now look at the picture.

Pick out sentences from the picture to match the functions in column A and note them down in column B.

You might have noticed that the sentences in column B express surprise, request, suggestion, order, advice, prayer, wish, etc.
Answer:

A Functions	B Sentences
warning	Take care or else you’ll fall down.
advice	Look at that notice board.
request	Please keep this umbrella with you.
orders	Don’t smoke here. Don’t spit here.
instruction/direction	Don’t push me. Be patient/ Take the first turning on the right.
invitation	How tired you look! Come and have a coffee.
sign and notice	Look at that notice board

b) Read the directions given below. Form groups and the leader will give these directions. Try them out.
Answer:

1. Rest your chin on your chest and remain seated.
2. Close your eyes.
3. Raise your head and turn it to the right.
4. Put your hands on your waist.
5. Stand up.
6. Put your left hand on your right hand.
7. Nod your head four times.
8. Freeze. Remain in this position till I ask you to relax

c) Look at the posters given below and study their features.

Features of posters
1. Catchy captions
2. ……………..
3. ……………..
4. ……………..
5. ……………..
Answer:
1. Catchy captions
2. Clarity of thought
3. Brief and to the point
4. Attractive to the eye
5. Give a fine message

Activity 2

a. Read the following sentences.
He told her to sit on a straw mat.
What do you think were the actual words of the Chinaman? Complete the following.
The Chinaman said, “……………………”
What changes do you notice when someone’s actual words are reported? Discuss and say whether the following statements are true or false.
When a sentence is reported:
1. There is always a change in the order of the words.
2. It becomes more formal.
3. Speech marks are not used.
4. The meaning changes totally.
5. The imperative mood changes into ‘to infinitive’ (to + verb).
6. There is no change in the pronouns
Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. False

b. Look at the picture and report what the teacher tells the students.

1. Suman, stand up straight.
2. Give me the details, Aysha.
3. Don’t shout.
4. Speak aloud, Mary.
Answer:

1. The teacher asked Suman to stand up straight.
2. The teacher asked Aysha to give her the details.
3. The teacher asked the students not to shout.
4. The teacher asked Mary to speak loud.

Now, try to report the following.

Do you find it difficult to report? How is the reporting of the imperative sentence different from that of the declarative sentence?
Write your opinion here.
1. ……………..
2. …………….
3. …………….
4. …………….
5. …………….
Answer:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
1. Mikali said, “I cannot go for work.”	1.  Mikali said that he could not go for work.
2 An Anatolian said to Mikali, “There is a nursing mother in the camp.”	2. An Anatolian told Mikali that there was a nursing mother in the camp.
3. The Chinaman said “My wife will feed this baby.”	3. The Chinaman said that his wife would feed that baby.

• Imperative sentences are reported by using to-infinitive.
• When reporting imperative sentences, we can use verbs like asked, ordered, told,
• When reporting statements, the 1^st person pronouns become 3^rd person pronouns.
• In reporting imperatives, second-person pronouns become 3^rd person pronouns.
• When reporting imperatives, words like this and these change to these and those.

 

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 5 Chapter 3 The Trio (Story)

Std 9 English Textbook The Trio Questions and Answers

The story ‘Happiness Machine’ conveys that happiness cannot be materialistic. It is a state of mind. It comes from our relationships with other people, rather than from material things. Won’t we feel happy if our relationships are smooth and mind is at peace? Let’s read a story.

Character Sketch of Swaminathan Question 1.
What was the major occupation of people in Elliman Street?
Answer:
The major occupation of people in Elliman Street was oil-mongering (trading in oil).

Question 2.
How was river Sarayu in the moonlight?
Rajam and Mani Questions and Answer:
It glistened like a silver belt across the North.

Question 3.
How is the evening at the river described here?
Answer:
There used to be crowds on the sand of the river bank. Birds filled the air with their cries. Downstream one could see cattle crossing the river. Country carts drawn by bullocks
could be seen, the cart-men humming low tunes. Soon after sunset, there would be a soft red in the west for some time.

Question 4.
Rajam had a heroic entry into the class. Discuss.
Answer:
Rajam was a fresh arrival in first A. He had sauntered into the class on the opening day of the second term, walked up to the last bench and sat beside Mani.

Question 5.
How was the dress of Rajam different from that of the others?
Swami and friends Questions Answer:
He was dressed very well. He was the only boy in the class who wore socks and shoes, fur cap and tie, and a wonderful coat and knickers.

Question 6.
Why were the boys not confident to speak to Rajam in English?
Answer:
There were rumors that he had come from some English boys’ school somewhere in Madras. He spoke very good English, exactly like a European. Many found it difficult to understand his English and they could not speak to him because of their broken English.

Question 7.
How did Rajam turn out to be a power in the class and a rival to Mani?
Answer:
Rajam turned out to be a power in the class because of his English. He was the 2nd in the class. He became a rival to Mani because of his nonchalant attitude towards him. If Mani jabbed, Rajam jabbed. If Mani clouted, Rajam clouted. If Mani kicked, Rajam kicked. If Mani was the overlord of the class, Rajam seemed to be nothing less.

Trio in English Question 8. What was Swaminathan’s fear when he was told about Mani’s intentions?
Answer:
Swaminathan’s fear was that if Mani went on troubling Rajam, he (Mani) Would have troubles because Rajam’s father was a police superintendent. Swaminathan thought the police people were an awful lot.

Question 9.
What did Mani call Swaminathan for being afraid of policemen?
Answer:
A milk-toothed coward.

Question 10.
“How splendid it would have been!” According to Mani, what is missing in that fine evening?
Answer:
Lime pickles.

Question 11.
Why did Rajam and Mani need a cord of communication between them? Who was it?
Answer:
Rajam and Mani needed a cord of communication between them because they were not on talking terms. The cord was Swaminathan.

Question 12.
What made the teacher call Swaminathan?
Answer:
The teacher called Swaminathan because he noticed that Swaminathan was not attentive in the class. He was busy collecting the note from Mani and giving it to Rajam.

Question 13.
What was the punishment Swami got from the teacher?
Answer:
Swami was asked to stand on the bench.

Question 14.
What was Swaminathan doing after he got the punishment?
Answer:
Standing on the bench, Swaminathan stood well over the whole class. He could see so many heads and he classified them according to the caps. There were 4 red caps, 25 Gandhi caps, 10 fur caps and so on.

Question 15.
The services of the mediator turned needless in the later part of the conversation. How did they communicate then?
Answer:
They communicated by shouting, Rajam shouting in one ear of Swaminathan and Mani shouting in the other ear.

Question 16.
What was the final settlement of their argument?
Answer:
The final settlement was that neither of them would come with guards. If anything happened to Rajam he would keep it out of his father’s knowledge.

Question 17.
What were the doubts arising in Mani’s mind when he was sitting on the river step with the club under his hand?
Answer:
He thought he would break Rajam’s head and throw his body into the river. But there was the possibility of the body being recovered. But then nobody would know that he had done it. Then there was the possibility of Rajam coming and troubling him at night as a spirit. Rajam could come and pull his hair at night. It would be better not to kill him. Just break his limbs and leave him. There was also the possibility of Swaminathan betraying him.

Question 18.
How did Rajam appear before them?
Answer:
He appeared before them dressed in khaki, carrying an air gun that was given to him on his birthday.

Question 19.
What did Rajam do to frighten Mani?
Answer:
He fired a shot in the air.

Question 20.
What made Mani hang down his head?
Answer:
Mani hanged down his head because he had not told Rajam he would come with a club. That was a breach of the promise.

Question 21.
According to Mani, what was the reason for his hatred towards Rajam?
Answer:
Rajam had called Mani a sneak before someone.

Question 22.
Now this was the happiest conclusion to all the unwanted trouble. How did they settle the issue?
Answer:
Rajam said he never called Mani a sneak. If this was the only reason for Mani’s anger, he should forget it and they should become friends. Mani agreed. Rajam lowered his gun and Mani dropped his club. The issue was thus settled.

Question 23.
How did Rajam show his goodwill?
Answer:
He showed his goodwill, by pulling out of his pocket half a dozen biscuits. The three friends shared them glowing with their new friendship.

Let’s Revisit and Reflect

Question 1.
“River Sarayu was the pride of Maigudi.”Why did R.K. Narayan say so?
Answer:
R.K. Narayan said so because its sandbanks were the evening resort of all the people of the town. The residents of the town took any distinguished visitor to the top of the Town Hall and proudly pointed to him Sarayu in moonlight, glistening like a silver belt across the North.

Question 2.
Why did the teacher punish Swaminathan? What was the punishment? How did he feel it?
Answer:
The teacher punished Swaminathan because he was not attentive in the class. The punishment was standing on the bench. He was glad that his punishment was standing on a bench and not getting beaten with the cane.

Question 3.
Why did Mani think that Rajam was his rival?
Answer:
Mani thought that Rajam was his rival because in his manner to Mani, Rajam assumed a nonchalant attitude to which Mani was not accustomed. If Mani jabbed, Rajam jabbed. If Mani clouted, Rajam clouted. If Mani kicked, Rajam kicked. If Mani was the overlord of the class, Rajam seemed to be nothing less.

Question 4.
Mani was planning to kill Rajam with his wooden club but what was the thought that stopped him?
Answer:
There were three things that stopped him from his planned killing of Rajam. Swaminathan could betray him to the police. Rajam’s father was a police superintendent. If Rajam is killed, his ghost may come and trouble Mani in the night.

Question 5.
The story ends with the sentence “Swaminathan felt at perfect peace with the world.” Why did he feel at perfect peace with the world?
Answer:
Swaminathan was at perfect peace with the world because he was the one between the two great rivals – Rajam and Mani. He had admired Rajam intensely and longed to be his friend. But if Mani came to know about this he would kill Swaminathan. So he was always in fear of both Rajam and Mani. He was virtually between the devil and the deep sea. Now since Mani and Rajam became friends, he felt peaceful.

Activity -1

Mani is a friend and guide for Swaminathan. He enjoys Mani’s companionship and does everything possible to keep him happy. He goes into the kitchen to get some pickle for Mani as promised and sees his mother. He pleads with his mother to give some lime pickle but she denies. Complete the conversation.
Swaminathan: Are you busy with your work amma?
Mother: No dear. Tell me what brought you to the kitchen
now.
Swaminathan : ………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
Mother:……………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………
Swaminathan : ……………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………..
Mother:……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Swaminathan: Amma, I want to take some lime pickle to give to somebody.
Mother: To whom do you want to give lime pickle?
Swaminathan: To my best friend, Mani. He is so good and I like him most. He also likes me.
Mother:: He may be your best friend. But that does not mean that you should give him lime pickle which I have made with great difficulty. I can’t give you any lime pickle.

Activity – 2

a) Rajam is the newcomer in-class First A. He impressed the whole class on the first day itself. Complete the boxes given below

Answer:
Personality: stylish and confident
Evidence: He saunters into the class, walks up to the last bench and sits beside Mani.
Appearance: Neat and Clean. Well-dressed
Evidence: He was the only boy in the class who wore socks and shoes, fur cap and tie, and a wonderful coat and knickers.
Actions: He is brave and his policy is an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. He is not afraid of Mani, the bully.
Evidence: If Mani jabbed, Rajam jabbed. If Mani clouted, Rajam clouted. If Mani kicked, Rajam kicked. If Mani was the overlord of the class, Rajam seemed to be nothing less.

b) Now attempt a character sketch of Rajam using the points listed above and hints from the story.
Answer:
Character sketch:
Rajam is a fresh arrival in First A. He is stylish and confident and he saunters into the class, walks up to the last bench and sits beside Mani. When Mani gives him a jab in the ribs, he returns it. He impressed the class on the very first day. He was neat and clean and well-dressed. He was the only boy in the class who wore socks and shoes, fur cap and tie, and a wonderful coat and knickers. Rajam also was the best English speaker in the class. There were rumors that he had come from some English boys’ school somewhere in Madras. He spoke exactly like a European.

Many found it difficult to understand his English and they could not speak to him because of their broken English. His grades were also good as he was second in the class. Soon Mani realizes that Rajam was his rival. If Mani jabbed, Rajam jabbed. If Mani clouted, Rajam clouted. If Mani kicked, Rajam kicked. If Mani was the overlord of the class, Rajam seemed to be nothing less. When Mani challenges him fora duel Rajam accepts it. He goes well prepared for the fight. But soon Mani and Rajam decide to be friends and they, along with Swaminathan, share the biscuits Rajam had brought with him. Rajam is a boy who can be a good role model for many students of his age.

Activity – 3

Swaminathan was punished by the teacher for being inattentive in the class. Still, he paid no attention to the lessons and his mind began to wander. Infuriated by Swami’s behavior the teacher writes a letter to his father. What would the content of the letter be?
Answer:

Malgudi Primary School

10 December 2019

Mr. Laxminarayan
XV/146 Ayyangar Road
Malgudi
Dear Sir,
I am sorry to write such a letter to you regarding your son Swaminathan of First A. Initially he was a good boy and he was very attentive in the class. He was also getting reasonably good marks. But of late I have come to notice that he is least attentive in the class. He likes to sit on the backbench between two boys named Mani and Rajam. I find him talking to both these boys very often. He also passes some kind of written notes between them.

When I ask questions he stands and blabbers, not knowing the correct answers. You should ask him to be attentive in the class. We punish him here whenever he is caught inattentive. We have advised him, warned him, caned him and made him stand on the bench. But he is not improving. This letter is to tell you that if he continues to be inattentive in the class, he will surely fail in the final examination. So do whatever you can to bring some sense into him. Let him devote more time to his books and less time to his friends. I will be glad if you can come to the school one of these days so that we can have some further talks about the studies and behavior of your son.
Yours faithfully,
Abdulkarim Ibrahim
Class Teacher

Activity 4

Lena Auffmann experiences bouts of bliss watching sunset in the happiness machine. The story ‘The Trio’ begins with a description of the banks of river Sarayu at sunset. Sunset is the most magical and delightful moment of a day.
Let us now pen down our thoughts on:-
Sunset- An enthralling painting by mother nature.
(Hints- amazing moment in the western horizon- mixture of warm colors trees drenched in golden glow- beautified landscape-reflection on water- birds flying past and singing lullaby- sun fades into a long deep sleep.)
Answer:
Sunset – An Enthralling Painting by Mother Nature:
If you ask me what the most breathtaking sight from my home is, my answer is the sunset. It is an amazing moment in the western horizon. There is a mixture of warm colors that thrill your heart. Colors are mixed in such a way that only God can do it. It far excels the paintings of Michael Angelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, M.F. Hussein or our own Ravi Varma. The trees are drenched in golden glow.

The landscape is beautiful and the entire picture is reflected on water. Birds are flying back home singing lullabies. The butterflies and bees return to their abodes after having filled their bellies on the blooms. Slowly we see the sun disappearing beyond the hill as it is going away for having a deep sleep. Sunset is really an enthralling painting by Mother Nature to please her children. Each day we are given a different picture with different shades of colors.

Language Activity:

Read the following passage carefully.
Hi. My name is Mani. I often go to the banks of River Sarayu where people watch the sunset. Today, I invited Swami who is my best friend to watch the sunset. Swami, whose mother makes delicious pickle, has promised to bring me some pickle.

Add the missing relative pronouns.
1. Elliman street ………. was ten minutes walk from river Sarayu was always crowded. ( which/where)
2. The municipal resident …… was proud of the beauty of river Sarayu showed it to all the distinguished visitors. (who/whom)
3. Swami was a friend ………. Mani could trust. (whom/whose)
4. Mani, …….. anger towards Rajam knew no bounds wanted to harm him. (whom/whose)
5. The banks of the river ………….. people could enjoy the evening were very beautiful. (when/where)
Answer:
1. which
2. who
3. whom
4. whose
5. where

The villagers occupied the last street of the town.
Does the sentence make a complete sense without the bold portion?
Yes.

Defining and Non-Defining.
Rewriting the sentence:

River Sarayu, which glistened like a silver belt in moonlight, was the pride of Malgudi. (Non defining)
River Sarayu was the pride of Malgudi.

Is there a change in meaning when the relative clause is omitted?
No.

List down the features of defining and non defining relative clauses.

Answer:

Defining relative clause	Non-defining relative clause
1. Gives necessary information	1. It gives additional, but not necessary, information
2. It is part of the sentence.	2. Sentence maintains sense without the clause.
3. Not separated by commas	3. It is separated by commas.

Classify the sentences given below depending on the type of relative clause.
1. Rajam, who was a newcomer in class 1A, was admired by his classmates.
2. Children who love pickles are common.
3. The teacher, who was teaching History, punished Swami for being inattentive in the class.
4. Students who pay attention in the class score good marks.
5. The friends met near Nallappa’s grove, which was deserted in the evening, as promised
Answer:
1. non-defining
2. defining
3. non-defining
4. defining
5. non-defining

Vocabulary Activity (Page 195)

a. Find the word.
Question 1.
P r e l I g n p e x ………… a word that starts with the letter ‘p’.
i. This word gives the meaning ‘confusing’.
ii. A number of puzzling questions formed in his mind. (One of the words in this sentence can be replaced by the hidden word.
iii. ‘If you find something confusing, please inform me. (One of the words in this sentence can be replaced by the hidden word.)
iv. …………………………………
Answer:
1. perplexing

Question 2.
N E S A K –
i. This word gives the sense ‘secret’.
ii. This word can be formed by just interchanging the position of two letters of the word ‘snake’.
iii. The burglar tried to creep into the house. (The hidden word can replace the word given in bold letters in the sentence.)
iv. To escape from his father he ……………………… into the room.
Answer:
sneak

Question 3.
Q v u e r i-
i. It is a container for holding arrows, bolts, or darts. (noun)
ii. The word also means to shake rapidly. (verb)
iii. If the washing machine is overloaded, it will shake with rapid motion. (The hidden word can replace the word given in bold letters in the sentence.)
iv. Arjuna took out the arrows from the ……………………………
Answer:
quiver

Question 4.
S r o a
i. Kites do this in the sky. (fly high)
ii. The cost of living continued to ………………………………… (increase)
Answer:
soar

Question 5.
N l o v e
i. It is a form of literature. (noun) It also means something new.
ii. Even though the making of the happiness machine failed, it was a …………… idea.
Answer:
novel

b) Soul narrated his experience with the happiness machine to one of his friends. Some words are missing. Fill up the narration using the appropriate form of the words you identified in the above activity

Answer:
a) novel
b) perplexing
c) sneaked
d) soaring
e) quivered

Let’s Edit:

Read the diary entry of Swaminathan on the day he got a newcomer in his class. He has made some mistakes while writing the diary. The mistakes are given in bold letters. Correct them.

Answer:
a) who
b) striking
c) he has (remove also)
d) well-dressed
e) was impressed
f) whom

You can Download On Killing A Tree Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 2 On Killing A Tree (Poem)

Std 9 English Textbook On Killing A Tree Questions and Answers

Let’s revisit and enjoy the poem

Justify the Title of the Poem on Killing a Tree Question 1.
What can you infer from the words ‘bleeding bark’?
Answer:
The bleeding bark is the place from where the tree is cut off. The sap of the tree will be oozing out from the wounded bark like blood comes from a wound in our body.

Leprous Hide Meaning Question 2.
What will happen if the boughs are unchecked?
Answer:
If the boughs are unchecked, they will grow to their former size again.

Leprous Hide Question 3.
What was done to the roots at last?
Answer:
The roots were roped, tied and pulled out entirely from the anchoring earth.

Tree Poem in English Question 4.
How does the poet describe the life-source of the tree?
Answer:
The life-source, which is the most sensitive part of the tree, is white and wet. It is hidden inside the earth for years.

Activity -1

a) What do you understand from the title “On Killing a Tree”? Is it to kill a tree? Justify the title in your own words.
Answer:
The title is an excellent one because it speaks of the complete destruction of the tree. It is not merely cutting it down, but ensuring that it does not re-grow.

b) The poet presents the tree as a human being that has all the emotions such as pleasure and pain.
e.g. And out of its leprous hide.
It is an example of personification.
Pick out another example of personification from the poem.
Answer:
“Feeding upon its crust, absorbing, years of sunlight, air, water.”

c) The bleeding bark will heal. (The words ‘bleeding’ and ‘bark’ begin with the same sound.)
It is an example of Alliteration. Find out similar lines from the poem.
Answer:
white and wet; it is

d) ‘And from close to the ground
Will rise curled green twigs’. See how beautifully the poet visualizes the image of curled green twigs. List out other ‘visual images’ from the poem.
Answer:
It has grown Slowly consuming the earth, rising out of it, feeding Upon its crust, absorbing Years of sunlight, air, and water. The root… is to be roped, tied and pulled out. Then the matter of scorching and choking in sun and air, browning and hardening, twisting and withering.

e) Do the expressions ‘bleeding bark’ and ‘rise curled green twigs’ have the same meaning in the poem? Discuss how they contrast with each other.
Answer:
The expressions ‘bleeding bark’ and ‘rise curled green twigs’ don’t have the same meaning. The expression ‘bleeding bark’ shows destruction, but ‘rise curled green twigs’ expresses growth. The first one shows pain and the second one shows pleasure. So they are contrasting expressions.

Activity – 2

The tree withstands even the hardest blow and gash. Fill the columns given below.

Answer:
Words/actions which are associated with the growth and the survival of the tree:
consume, rise, feed, absorb, sprouting, expand

Words/actions which are associated with the killing of a tree:
kill, jab, hack, chop, pulled out, roped, tied, snapped out, exposed, scorching, choking, browning, hardening, Twisting, withering.

You can Download Bang the Drum Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 3 Bang the Drum

Std 9 English Textbook Bang the Drum Questions and Answers

Let’s revisit and enjoy the poem

Question 1.
What was each of the athletes from around the world trying to do?
Answer:
Each of the athletes is trying to take part in the event and do his best, to run faster or to jump higher.

Question 2.
Why do the singers ask to bang the drum and sing the song louder?
Answer:
The singers ask to bang the drum and sing the song louder so that the athletes can do their best encouraged by the loud song and loud beating of the drum.

Question 3.
What are the singers urged to do when the games begin?
Answer:
They are urged to sing louder.

Question 4.
Jump up a little higher
so the whole world can see ya
the whole world can see ya
The last two lines are repeated here in different stanzas. What effect does it make?
Pick out the other lines or stanzas which are repeated in the song.
Answer:
The repeated lines are: “Bang the drum a little louder, . “Sing the song a little louder” and “so the whole world can hear”.

Question 5.
The expressions ‘follow the flame’ and ‘little louder’ create a pleasing ring effect. What is the poetic device used here?
Answer:
Alliteration.

Question 6.
The expression ‘whole world’ creates a similar ring effect but in a different way. How is that ring effect created?
Answer:
Through consonance.

Question 7.
The father of the Modern Olympic Games Mr. Pierre de Coubertin says, “The important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win, but to take part; the important thing in life is not triumph, but the struggle; the essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.”
How is the comment of Mr. Pierre de Coubertin about participation in the games expressed in this song?
Answer:
It is not about winning the game, it’s all about playing the game.

Activity

Do you like songs related to sports? Your teacher can help you listen to Celine Dion’s ‘The Power of Dream’ and Whitney Houston’s ‘One Moment in Time’. Discuss the role of the songs in sports events and games. Now write a theme song for your annual school sports meet or games championship
Answer:
We will conquer greater heights
Nothing can stop us from our endeavors
We want to run faster, jump up higher
And do all the things better than last year!

Language activities

Activity 1

Read the sentence given below from the story, ‘The Race’.
“Tarun always thought of himself as the black sheep of the family.”
What does the expression ‘black sheep’ mean?
Answer:
Black sheep means the odd person in the group, who brings disgrace to it. A black sheep does not come up to the expectations of others.

The term ‘black sheep’ literally refers to the color of sheep. But when we use it figuratively, it means ‘the odd person in a group.’ Such a group of words with a meaning different from the meanings of the individual words is called an idiom.

a) Read Ravi’s diary entry given below and circle the idioms.
Saturday
When I reached the ground, it was raining cats and dogs. I felt blue as I was not sure if the match could be held. Viewers like me get a chance of watching a match only once in a blue moon. The ball was in the umpires’ court. Finally, the match started and we enjoyed a wonderful game. Today is a red-letter day in my life
Now, match the idioms you have identified with their meanings.
1. …………………………….. feel sad
2. …………………………….. somebody’s responsibility to take action
3. …………………………….. happening very rarely
4. …………………………….. raining very heavily
5. …………………………….. an unforgettable day
Answer:

1. felt blue-felt sad
2. the ball was in the umpire’s court – somebody’s responsibility to take action
3. once in a blue moon – happening very rarely
4. raining cats and dogs – raining very heavily
5. a red-letter day – an unforgettable day

b) Find the meaning of the following idioms with the help of a dictionary and use them in your own sentences.
1) pros and cons
2) bed of roses
3) Herculean task
4) blue blood
5) crocodile tears
6) eleventh hour
7) in black and white
8) red tape
Answer:
1) pros and cons — advantages and disadvantages. Motherhood has both its pros and cons.
2) bed of roses — not a pleasant situation Leadership is not always a bed of roses.
3) Herculean task — very hard to perform Making the new airport at Kannur was a Herculean task.
4) blue blood — a person of noble birth Abraham Lincoln could not boast of any blue blood.
5) crocodile tears — insincere tears My neighbor was shedding crocodile tears when I lost my car.
6) eleventh hour — last minute Many students have the habit of preparing for the exams at the eleventh hour.
7) in black and white — in writing, I want what you said in black and white.
8) red tape — unnecessary delay Sajan committed suicide because of the red tape in the Anthur municipality.

Activity – 2

Read the sentences given below.
1. Life is full of ups and downs.
2. A training school is very expensive.
3. Children of your age are competing there.
4. Tears were rolling down his cheeks

a) Identify and write down the subject and predicate of the sentences given above.
Subject — Predicate
1. Life — is full of ups and downs
2. ……. — ……
3. ……. — …..
4. ……. —……
Answer:
1) Life — is full of ups and downs
2) A training school — is very expensive
3) Children of your age — are competing here.
4) Tears — were rolling down his cheeks.

b) Did you notice the change in verbs according to the singular and plural subjects of the sentences? How do they vary?
Answer:
Subject — Verb
1. Life — is
2. …… — ……
3. ……. — …..
4. ……. — …..
Answer:
Subject — Verb
1) Life — is
2) A training school — is
3) Children of your age — are
4) Tears — were

Usually a singular subject takes a singular verb whereas a plural subject takes a plural verb.

Read the live description of the race and underline the singular verbs

On the track there is a shallow path. As he is running fast, Tarun does not notice that and he slips. Breathing fast, he sees the other kids going past him. He gets up to run once more. Being quick, Tarun overtakes a few kids ahead of him. But as fate has it, he slips once again!
Answer:
is, is running, does not notice, slips, sees, gets up, overtakes, slips

Here is a paragraph about the reaction of the spectators. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of verbs.
Tarun’s mother ……… (is/are) applauding her son. Ram Narayan and his trainees …….. (is/are) watching Tarun running on the track. The parents of the kids who …….. (participate/participates) in the race are anxiously waiting. The crowd in the stands ……. (is/are) clapping their hands. When Tarun falls, everyone …… (stop/ stops) clapping and is about to rush for help. But the next moment, he …… (get up/ gets up) and is running on the track again.
Answer:
is, are, participate, is, stops, gets up

Activity 3

Read the excerpt from the story ‘The Race’ and identify the questions in it.
Suddenly, he heard a voice at his elbow. “What is it, son?”
Tarun turned to his left and there sat a man of about sixty.
“I failed in two subjects,” he replied in a depressed tone.
The man smiled sympathetically and said, “Life is full of ups and downs, my boy. By the way, I am Ram Narayan, and you are one of the best runners I have ever seen.”
“Ram Narayan? Raaaa…m…Narayan! Are you the same Ram Narayan who won an Olympic medal in the 400-meter race in the1960s?” Tarun could not hide his excitement.
“Yes,” pat came the reply. Tarun was dazzled.
1. What is it son?
2. RamNarayan?
3. Are you the same Ram Narayan who won the Olympic medal in the 400-meter race in the 1960s?
i. If a question begins with an auxiliary verb, the answer will be either “yes” or “no”.
ii. If a question starts with a question word, the answer will be a piece of information.

a) Make questions using the words given in jumbled order.
1. intelligent you an are boy
2. enter can stadium the without an I pass
3. for is spectators the where the gallery
4. move we ahead project the shall with
5. summer where the camp did conduct Achrekar Sir
6. is condition what your
Answer:

1. Are you an intelligent boy?
2. Can I enter the stadium without a pass?
3. Where is the gallery for the spectators?
4. We shall move ahead with the project.
5. Where did Achrekar Sir conduct the summer camp?
6. What is your condition?

b) Complete the conversation between Sachin and a journalist.
Journalist: Good morning, Sachin.
Sachin: Good morning.
Journalist: May I ask you some questions about your childhood
cricket experiences?
Sachin: Sure.
Journalist: Who did you start playing cricket with?
Sachin: With my friends in the colony.
Journalist:…………..?
Sachin: Ajit took me to Ramakanth Achrekar Sir.
Journalist:……………. when Ajit took you to Achrekar Sir?
Sachin: I was only eleven years old.
Journalist:………….?
Sachin: The camp was at Shivaji Park.
Journalist:……………. from your home to Shivaji park?
Sachin: It would take forty minutes.
Journalist:…………….?
Sachin: By bus.
Journalist: Thank you for sparing your valuable time.
Sachin: It’s my pleasure.
Answer:
Journalist: Who took you to Ramnath Achrekar Sir?
Journalist: How old were you when Ajit took you to Achrekar Sir?
Journalist: Where was the camp?
Journalist: What was the distance from your home to Shivaji Park?
Journalist: How did you go to the place?

Activity – 4

a) Read the following passages and identify the sentences that express conditions.

Passage i.
But Ram Narayan seemed pretty serious. “I will train you if you want, but I put forward a condition.”
“What is your condition?” Tarun’s voice showed curiosity and anxiety.

“There is a race on Children’s Day at the Nehru Stadium. Children of your age are competing there. If you participate and win that race, I promise I will start training you,” said Ram Narayan.

“I will, I will, sir!” he heard himself saying with complete conviction.
“Fine, boy! Tell me, what is your name?” asked Ram Narayan.
“Tarun…Tarun Kapoor, sir.”

“Tarun, I will meet you hereafter five days to give you your participation card. All the best,” said Ram Narayan and left. On the way home, Tarun thought that if his father had not scolded him, he wouldn’t have got this opportunity. (The Race)
Answer:

• I will train you if you want.
• If you participate and win that race, I promise I will start training you.
• If his father had not scolded him, he wouldn’t have got this opportunity.

Passage ii.
My father sat me down and explained that while he did not have any objections to my changing schools, I should do so, only if I was really serious about playing cricket. (Learning the Game).
I will train you, if you want.
I should do so only if I was really serious about playing cricket.

Divide the sentences you have identified into two parts.

Answer:

If Clause	Main clause
If you want	I will train you.
If you participate and win that race	I promise I will start training you.
If his father had not scolded him	He wouldn’t have got this opportunity.
If I was really serious about playing cricket	I should do so.

b)Tarun fell down thrice in the race. But he did not give up. The following pictures and the statements show his thoughts at different times.

Discuss the differences in meaning and arrange the sentences according to their level of possibility.

Answer:

Sentences	If clause	Main clause	Possibility
If I practice well, I will win.	If I practice well	I will win	likely to happen
If I did not fall, I would win.	If I did not fall	I would win.	Unlikely or Improbable to happen.
If had not fallen, I would have won	If had not fallen	I would have won	Impossible.

The sentences containing the ‘if’ clause are called conditional sentences. We use conditional sentences to express possibility (probable condition), imagination (improbable condition) and unfulfilled conditions (impossible condition)

c) Complete the thoughts of Tarun, the members of his family, Ram Narayan and Pawan.

Answer:
Tarun: If I had practiced before, I would have won the race.
Mother: If Ram Narayan trains my son, he will win the race.
Father: If my son studied well, he would get a good job.
Ram Narayan: If he hadn’t fallen down thrice, Tarun would have been the champion.
Pawan: IfTarun had not fallen down thrice, I would not have become the winner.
Brother: If I had gone to Nehru Stadium, I would have felt bad on seeing Tarun lose.

Activity – 5

Read the passages given below and compare them.

(i) He was among the last few. He did not give up. He overtook some children.
(ii) He was among the last few. But he did not give up. Once more he overtook some children

Question 1.
Which among these two passages do you find more readable and meaningful? Why?
Answer:
I find the second passage more readable and meaningful because they are properly connected by linkers.

a) Pick out the words from the given passages which link sentences or ideas.

Question 1.
On the one hand, his parents hated his running and wanted him to concentrate more on his studies, which he never did. On the other hand, he belonged to a middle-class family. (The Race)
Answer:
On the one hand, on the other hand.

Question 2.
By the middle of the summer camp, Sir had started taking an active interest in my batting, and at the end of the two months, informed Ajit that I had the potential to be a good cricketer if I practiced all year round. However, my school the New English School in Bandra did not have cricket facilities. (Learning the Game)
Answer:
and, that, if, however,

b) Rewrite the passage using suitable linkers given in the box.
soon, then, at that time, once, at times, once again, later, so, but, at last

Once I happened to watch a volleyball match. The referee whistled announcing the start. Both the teams were not ready. He whistled, louder than before. The players were not ready yet. The referee got red in the face. The spectators seated comfortably in the stadium started howling at the top of their voice. I tried to keep calm. The players arrived. A fierce game was on the go. The big white ball jumped over and under the net. It bulged the net too. I witnessed the players turning the ground into a battlefield of fair play. It was really a feast for the eyes of everyone inside the stadium.

Activity 6

Let’s edit a text

Read the notice prepared by Manohar, the School Sports Club Secretary, in connection with the Sports Day celebrations of his school. There are a few errors in it. Identify and correct them.

SCHOOL SPORTS DAY CELEBRATIONS
Govt. Dv Hss, Charamangalam

Ladies and gentlemen,

We celebrate the Annual School Sports Day on Monday, the 20th of October, 2016. The GV Raja state award winner Mr. Ravikumar have consented to inaugurate the celebrations. The Khel Ratna National Award winner Mrs Ghosh will flag off the school athletic meet. Thereafter follows the school march-past. All the athletes of the meet is requested
to participate in it. The winners of the meet will be given the championship trophy at the concluding ceremony and so the winning team are requested to be present till the end of the meet. All are
welcome. Thank you.
Manohar
Secretary
School Sports Club
Answer:
We celebrate the Annual School Sports Day on Monday, the 20th of October, 2016. The GV Raja State Award Winner Mr. Ravikumarhas consented to inaugurate the celebrations. The Khel Ratna National Award Winner Mrs Ghosh will flag off the School Athletic Meet. Thereafter follows the School March-Past. All the athletes of the Meet are requested to participate in it. The winners of the Meet will be given the Championship Trophy at the concluding ceremony and so the Winning Team is requested to be present till the end of the Meet. All are welcome. Thank you.

Activity – 7

There are seventeen action words related to sports in the puzzle. Sheena, a class 9 student, has found out seven of them. Help her find out the remaining words.

Answer:
Seven words she found :

1. ride
2. dribble
3. pass
4. cheer
5. throw
6. bowl
7. strike

Remaining ten words:

1. set
2. tie
3. jump
4. finish
5. shot
6. run
7. cycle
8. draw
9. hit
10. serve

You can download Listen to the Mountain Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 3 Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 3 Chapter 2 Listen to the Mountain

Std 9 English Textbook Listen to the Mountain Questions and Answers

Read and respond (pages 86 – 92)

Listen to the Mountain Question Answer Question 1.
What does the grandmother say about her past?
Answer:
The grandrhother says that she was born at the turn of the century when there were no motorcars, no aeroplanes, no television, no movies, and much less noise. She has lived there all her life on the slopes of Dharmagiri. The river, trees, flowers, birds and animals are all her friends.

Listen to the Mountain Class 9 Summary Question 2.
Why is Narayan shocked when he hears about Sagar’s project?
Answer:
Narayan is shocked when he hears about the multi-storeyed hotel which is going to be built with three hundred rooms. The surprising element is the village is a small one with only five hundred inhabitants. He is worried about the houses of the people there.

Question 3.
What are the arrangements made by Dixit for the new construction?
Answer:
Mr Dixit has got the permission from the government to build the hotel and Sagar’s firm has clinched the deal for constructing it. Dixit is a man with great influence. He has arranged everything, the labourers, lorries and materials forthe building.

9th Standard English Chapter Listen to the Mountain Question 4.
“You mean you will have slums here.” Why does Narayan make such a comment?
Answer:
Narayan gets annoyed when he hears about Sagar’s plan to put up temporary dwellings at the foot of the hill. So he makes such a comment.

Listen to the Mountain Activities Question 5.
What picture of Dixit does Sagar give?
Answer:
Mr Dixit is a multimillionaire, the owner of two dozen cinema houses, five luxury hotels, three drug companies and the biggest biscuit factory in India. He has also five mansions in different parts of the world.

Listen to the Mountain Question 6.
What is Kannan’s argument in favour of building a hotel on Dharmagiri?
Answer:
Kannan doesn’t see any harm in building a hotel on Dharmagiri. He believes that it will bring in tourists that, in turn, means money.

Listen to the Mountain Class 9 Activities Question 7.
“That is all the more reason why a hotel cannot be built there.” What does “All the more reason” refer to?
Answer:
‘All the more reason’ refers to the information about Dharmagiri which was given by Shastri. Shastri’s grandfather told him that the earth there could not hold a structure tallerthan thirty feet and that it would be dangerous to dig too deep for a foundation.

Question 8.
Comment on the expression “big people with small hearts.”
Answer:
The grandmother mocks at the rich people of the new generation by this comment. She complains about their selfish and money-minded attitude.

Review of the Play Listen to the Mountain Question 9.
How does the grandmother remind her grandson about his duties?
Answer:
The grandmother says that tomorrow’s world is children’s world and her grandson being the headmaster must talk to the children about the hazards the village is going to face. She also asks him to find out what they feel about it and not to put wrong ideas into their heads. The grandmother reminds her grandson about his duties as the school headmaster.

Let’s revisit and reflect(page 93)

Question 1.
Does the opening scene of the play arouse curiosity in the audience? Substantiate your answer analyzing the mode of presentation.
Answer:
The opening scene of the play does arouse the curiosity of the readers. The nostalgic narration of the grandmother, references to her life in the past, the beauty of nature, the present shocking news, etc. are quite appealing.

Character Sketch of Sagar in Listen to the Mountain Question 2.
“Why will I come to a sleepy little dump like this if not for business?” Comment on the attitude of the building contractor.
Answer:
The building contractor is money minded and he is influenced only by business motives. He is least bothered about the beauty of nature or the life of the villagers.

Question 3.
Pick out the sentences showing the concern of Ramanna and Shastri about Dharmagiri. Is their concern reasonable?
Answer:
Ramanna : Why do we need a five-star hotel in this village?
Shastri : A multi-storied hotel can never come up on Dharmagiri. We have got to stop it. We cannot allow thoughtless people to ruin our beautiful mountain. Yes, Dharmagiri cannot support a building that big.
Yes, their concern is reasonable as development without any concern for the ecological system is suicidal.

Question 4.
“Do you village bumpkins know more than the engineers and architects from the big cities?” Sagar asked. What is the tone of the question? What could be the intention behind these words?
Answer:
Sagar tries to belittle the villagers because of their ignorance towards the new technologies in the field of construction. He intends to silence the people and make them passive.

Question 5.
Grandmother and the young villagers represent two generations. What difference do you find in their attitudes towards ecological issues? Pick out expressions that justify your answer.
Answer:
The.grandmother says she was born when there were no motor cars, airplanes, televisions and movies. There was much less noise. She has lived there all her life. She says, “The rivers, trees, flowers and birds are her friends” and she can’ stand their destruction.

But the young villagers don’t mind if the new five- star hotel is built there. They think rich tourists will come and that means a lot of money coming in. They too might get some money by doing things for the tourists. Kannan says, “if someone wants to build a grand hotel, I don’t see any harm. It will bring in tourists. Tourists mean money, and who does not need money?”

Activity -1 (Page. 90)

Kannan says, “Tourists mean money; and who does not need money?” Do you agree with Kannan? Discuss in groups and analyze the recent trends in tourism and its impact on our culture and economy. Prepare a write-up.

I agree with Kannan. But we should not try to get some money by destroying our ecology. Money is essential, but we should make sure that our development is sustainable without harming our environment.

Discuss in groups and analyze the recent trends in tourism and its impact on our culture and economy. Prepare a write-up.

Tourism and its impact on our culture and economy:

Tourism as an industry has been growing at a rapid pace. Technological advancements help people from different places and cultures interact with increasing ease. Tourism is one of the biggest and fastest-growing industries globally. Its benefits and the challenges, keenly observed by governments, affect the economic, socio-cultural, environmental and educational state of a nation.

The positive effects of tourism on a country’s economy include the growth and development of various industries directly linked with a healthy tourism industry, such a transportation, accommodation, wildlife, arts, and entertainment. This brings about the creation of new jobs and revenue generated from foreign exchange, investments and payments of goods and services provided The nature of the world economy shows that it is mostly people from developed nations who travel as tourists to the developing ones.

This results in a downward stream of cultural influences that in many cases has proven to be harmful, as foreign cultures are not in cohesion with the environment, economy and culture of the hosts. For example, it is common knowledge that most tourist destinations are plagued with prostitution. This has had dire consequences for the culture, economy, and health of these tourist coveting nations.

The environment can be badly affected by tourism. It spoils nature’s beauty. Visits of people in large numbers could mean huge amounts of trading and pollution. Polluting materials such as plastic waste and bottles are thrown carelessly. In the long run, they could be disruptive to the habitats of both faunal and floral life. The responsibility falls on hosts, who must make it a point to inform and educate visitors about the dangers posed by going against the advised codes of conduct, such as disposing of waste in a proper manner.

In the quest to provide facilities for tourists the environment has been affected in other ways. Large hotels and other facilities for tourists consume large amounts of power. In their quest to provide visitors with a long list of the ‘hip’ electronic comforts, a lot of power is used. The tourists themselves face several difficulties in getting visas and travel restrictions imposed by the host country. Another problem is security. In many places, tourists have become targets of criminal activities such as rape, kidnapping, and terrorism.

It is true that tourism has to be promoted as it is a means of livelihood for many. But it has to be promoted without adversely affecting our cultural values and our environment. Eco-tourism seems to be the need of the hour.

Debate:

Adebate is a structured argument. Two sides speak alternately for and against a particular contention usually based on a topical issue. Unlike the arguments you might have with your family or friends, each person here is allocated a fixed amount of time to speak. Any interference is carefully controlled. The subject of the dispute is often prearranged so you may find yourself having to support opinions with which you do not normally agree. You also have to argue as part of a team, being careful not to contradict what others on your side have said.

The Basic Debating Skills

Expressions to agree/disagree

Answer:

Agreeing with an opinion	Disagreeing with an opinion
Of course.	That’s different
You’re absolutely right.	I don’t agree with you
Yes, 1 agree.	However…
I think so too.	That’s not entirely true
That’s a good point.	On the contrary…
Exactly.	I’m sorry to disagree with you, but
I don’t think so either	Yes, but don’t you think
So do I	That’s not the same thing at all
I’d go along with that.	I’m afraid 1 have to disagree
That’s true.	I’m not so sure about that.
Neitherdol.	I must take issue with you on that
I agree with you entirely	It’s unjustifiable to say that…
That’s just what 1 was thinking.
I couldn’t agree more.

Activity 2

Grandmother and Dixit share different views about development. Do you think grandmother’s view is outdated or that Dixit’s view is progressive? Conduct a debate on the topic, “Development can be a threat to Nature.”
Answer:
Arguments against Development:

• A road through the rainforest will harm the habitat of endangered species.
• Dams prevent free flow of water to places where it is needed. They also cause flooding.
• Spills from oil rigs destroy marine organisms and leaves the sea polluted.
• Thermal and atomic power stations are very dangerous as we saw what happened in Chernobyl and Three Mile Island.
• Levelling hills and valleys create serious environmental problems.
• Deforestation for cultivation and building homes and industries is dangerous.
• Overuse of pesticides pollutes the earth and water; exhaust fumes from factories and vehicles pollute the air.
• Global warming will bring in disasters like climatic changes; oceans will rise swallowing up island countries.
• Industrial development distances man from nature and his life becomes artificial.
• It spoils the beauty of nature. Green places become concrete jungles.
• Overexploitation of natural resources will bring calamities in the future as they get exhausted soon.
• Noise pollution can cause a lot of health problems.

Arguments for Development:

• Roads even through forests make communication and transport easy.
• Dams help to systematically irrigate lands by preserving water.
• For economic development, industries are essential.
• Modern amenities make life comfortable.
• We can’t imagine a life without radio, television, cinema, computer and all the other modern amenities. Al this is made possible with development.
• Development provides jobs to people.
• Through the income, they get from developmental projects people can live comfortably.
• It is development that has brought us structures like Burj Khalifa and the Twin Towers of Malaysia.
• Development helps people to have comfortable homes with electricity and various home appliances that run on it.
• Development should be sustainable.
• Development should be planned for the benefit of people.
• It is development that has helped us to soar into space and make ourChandrayan missions possible.

Activity – 3

“Finally the mountain spoke loud enough for everyone to hear. Nature always speaks if we care to listen.” How did Nature speak?
Prepare a conversation between you and Nature. Roleplay it in your class.
Answer:
Prepare a conversation between you and nature: (Roleplay it in your class.)
Nature: Son, by cutting that tree you are doing me a great harm.
I: I want the wood for my house, to make furniture and also to use as firewood.
Nature: Why don’t you look for substitutes?
I: Substitutes are expensive.
Nature: Son, by throwing plastic and other waste you are choking me.
I: What I will do with the plastic bags I get from shops. I can’t bum them because they say it is dangerous and so I throw them away.
Nature: Son, have you ever thought about the pollution you cause to my atmosphere through the exhaust fumes of your vehicles and factories.
I : Who cares about your pollution? How can we live without our vehicles and factories?
Nature: Do you know that you are destroying yourself by using a lot of dangerous pesticides?
I: If the insects bothers us, what choice do we have?
Nature: Son, I am patient. But there is a limit to my patience. I have my weapons like floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, and droughts. If you people go on doing things against me, one day I may have to use some of my weapons to teach you a lesson. So be warned

Activity – 4 (Page 91)

You might have noticed land leveling in your locality. Are you aware of the environmental hazards it may cause? Collect details from various sources and prepare an e-mail to be sent to the Minister for Environment, complaining about the issue.

e-mail:

Tips for e-mail
For most of us, email is the most common form of business communication. So it’s important to get it right. Although emails usually aren’t as formal as letters, they still need to be professional to present a good image of you and your company.

How to write a formal email:

Follow these five simple steps to make sure your
English emails are perfectly professional.

• Begin with a greeting
• Thank the recipient
• State your purpose
• Add your closing remarks
• End with a closing

Question 1.
Begin with a greeting
Answer:
Always open your email with a greeting, such as “DearSusan”. If your relationship with the reader is formal, use their family name (e.g. “Dear Mrs. Kidangoor”). If the relationship is more casual, you can simply say, “Hi Sonia”. If you don’t know the name of the person you are writing to, use: “To whom it may concern” or “Dear Sir/Madam”.

Question 2.
Thank the recipient
Answer:
If you are replying to a client’s inquiry, you should begin with a line of thanks. For example, if someone has a question about your company, you can say, “Thank you for contacting ABC Company”. If someone has replied to one of your emails, be sure to say, “Thank you for your prompt reply” or “Thanks for getting back to me”. Thanking the reader puts him or her at ease, and it will make you appear polite.

Question 3.
State your purpose
Begin by stating your purpose. For example, “I am writing to enquire about…” or “I am writing in reference to …”
Answer:
Make your purpose clear early on in the email, and then move into the main text of your email. Remember, people want to read emails quickly, so keep your sentences short and clear. You’ll also need to pay careful attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation so that you present a professional image of yourself and your company.

Question 4.
Add your closing remarks
Answer:
Before you send your email, it’s polite to thank your reader one more time and add some polite closing remarks. You might start with “Thank you for your patience and cooperation” or “Thank you for your consideration” and then follow up with, “If you have any questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to let me know” and “I look forward to hearing from you”.

Question 5.
End with a closing
Answer:
The last step is to include an appropriate closing with your name. “Best regards”, “Sincerely”, and “Thank you” are all professional. Avoid closings such as “Best wishes” or “Cheers” unless you are intimate with the reader. Finally, before you hit the send button, review and spell check your email one more time to make sure it’s truly perfect!

You might have noticed land leveling in your locality. Are you aware of the environmental hazards it may cause? Collect details from various sources and prepare an e-mail to be sent to the Minister for Environment, complaining about the issue.

Ministerenviron@hotmail. com
Sub: Levelling of ground near Azad Road

I am writing this letter to express my dissatisfaction with the land leveling going on in my locality. It is a matter of serious concern for all of us here. Widespread land leveling has caused problems that disrupt and alter the entire structure of the topsoil making it unfit for any cultivation. I understand the leveling is done to construct a pesticide factory there. It is a thickly populated area and a pesticide factory there would be hazardous to the health of the people and the environment Some greedy people are behind the whole project.

We would like to tell you that we shall not allow a pesticide factory to be built in our area which is famous for its rare flora and fauna. As the Minister, of Environment, you have a duty to listen to the voice of the people who are going to be affected by the proposed factory.

Hope you would look into the matter seriously and take immediate steps to stop the leveling.
Looking forward to hearing from you and thanking you,
Yours truly,
Liz

Activity – 5

Readers’ theatre:
Readers Theatre is a dramatic presentation of a written work in a script form. Readers read from a “script” and reading parts are divided among the readers. No memorization, costumes, blocking, or special lighting is needed. Presentations can easily be done in a classroom. Scripts are held by the readers. Through this activity, students have the opportunity to develop fluency and further enhance comprehension of what they are reading.

You should pay attention to the following while reading aloud.

• Good voice modulation
• Correct pronunciation
• Meaningful pauses
• Right tone and expression

Identify the important scenes from the play “Listen to the Mountain’ and read them aloud with your friends. (You can use the summaries of the scenes to fill in the boxes with necessary changes.)

Activity 6

Collect pictures, poems, stories, news, etc. about man-made hazards. Write suitable captions and footnotes. Prepare a class magazine.

Tips:

• Attractive cover page with a relevant title
• Index
• Foreword
• Messages from distinguished personalities
• Pictures, writings, etc

Listen to the Mountain Additional questions

a) Read the extract from the play ‘Listen to the Mountain’ and answer the questions that follow:
Sagar: (sitting) yes, thank You …………. Sagar: overlooking your village. (points to the mountain) fantastic, eh? (Page 97)

Question 1.
Describe the village
Answer:
It’s a small village, with only a small population of five hundred people. Right in the middle of the village is a river. It flows through the village and it has the cleanest water. There is a mountain, Dharmagiri, nearby. On the top, there is a temple which is 300 years old. From the top of the Dharmagiri mountain, one can view such a gorgeous and breathtaking view of the waterfalls, the trees, and the wildlife!

Question 2.
Pick out the sentence that tells Sagar is not pleased with the village.
Answer:
Why will I come to a sleepy little dump like this if not for business?

Question 3.
Find out a word from the passage which means, ‘belonging to an early stage of development.
Answer:
crude/Primitive.

b) Curtain rises. Backdrop of mountains, a stream, and trees. Dixit is seated on a chair on one side of the stage. Sagar is on the other side. Sound of lorries, drilling, and hammering can be heard. A procession of children and adults enters from the opposite side. The children in the front row display a banner: LISTEN TO THE MOUNTAIN. They present a petition to Dixit.

Dixit : (reading it) What is this nonsense? LISTEN TO THE MOUNTAIN! Here we are, all set to build the biggest hotel in the state, one of the best in the country, and you people talk

Question 1.
What picture of the grandmother do you get?
Answer:
Grandmother is very old with children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. She is much concerned not only about the people of the village but also the flora and fauna of the village. She is concerned about the ecological balance of the nature.

Question 2.
Why did she ask her grandson to talk to the children?
Answer:
Her grandson is the local school’s headmaster. Tomorrow’s world is the world of children. Children should know about the hazards their village will have to face.

Question 3.
Find out an expression from the passage which shows that Sagar tries to belittle the villagers by referring to their ignorance’.
Answer:
Do you village bumpkins know more than the engineers and architects from the cities?’

Question 4.
Narayan has decided to stage a peaceful protest. Prepare a slogan for the protest.
Answer:
SAVE DHARMAGIRI, SAVE OUR LIVES!

You can download Climate Change is not Hysteria – It’s a Fact Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 3 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 3 Chapter 3 Climate Change is not Hysteria – It’s a Fact

Std 9 English Textbook Climate Change is not Hysteria – It’s a Fact Questions and Answers

Let’s revisit and reflect

Climate Change is Not Hysteria It’s a Fact Question and Answer Question 1.
Why did the people march in the streets of New York?
Answer:
The people marched in the streets of New York to show their concern for climate change and demanding solutions for the climatic crisis.

Climate Change is Not Hysteria Its a Fact Notes Question 2.
What is the attitude of human beings towards climate change?
Answer:
Human beings don’t take climatic change as a serious issue. They think it is just an imaginary thing and it would go away somehow.

Question 3.
What are the ‘undeniable climate events’ that are happening now?
Answer:
The undeniable climate events are: extreme weather events, increased temperatures and melting ice sheets from West Antarctic and Greenland.

Climate Change is Not a Hysteria Lesson Plan Question 4.
What is the difficult task that we face?
Answer:
The difficult task we face is finding solutions for the climate change.

Question 5.
What happens when an ecosystem collapses?
Answer:
When an ecosystem collapses, the economy itself will die.

Question 6.
What is the scope of renewable energy in future?
Answer:
The scope of renewable energy is good. It is achievable and it is a good economic policy.

Climate Change is Not Hysteria It’s a Fact in Malayalam Question 7.
Solving the crisis is a question of our survival. Explain.
Answer:
Clean air and water and a liveable climate are essential for our survival. But we have the crisis of climate change threatening us. We have to solve this. crisis

Climate Change is Not Hysteria It’s a Fact Question 8.
Why is the present the ‘most urgent of times’?
Answer:
The present is the most urgent of times because there is a wanton destruction of our collective home. Unless we take action now, it will be too late.

Activity -1

Your school is celebrating National Science Day on the 28th of February. You are the convenor of the Science Club. Prepare a notice.

ST. GEORGE HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL
EDAPPALLY
SCIENCE CLUB

15 January 2019

NOTICE

The Science Club is celebrating the National Science Day on 28th February 2019. The Inaugural meeting will be at 10.00 a.m. The famous Environmentalist Fr. Joy Peenickaparambil has kindly agreed to be our Chief Guest. Our Municipal Counsellor Jose Pathadan and K.J. Joseph will offer felicitations. Our winners of the National Level Science Competitions will be honored in the meeting.

There will be an exhibition showing some of the highlights from the lives of C.V. Raman and Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. There will also be extensive coverage of the Lunar Missions undertaken by India.
All of your cordially invited.
Sd /
Rahul Binoy Convenor

Activity – 2

a) Prepare a few posters to make people aware of the necessity for preserving nature and protecting the environment.
Answer:
Captions for the Posters:

• Avoid Using Plastic Bags
• Don’T Use Dangerous Pesticides Like Endosulfan
• Don’T Litter The Place
• Don’T Cut Down Trees
• Plant Trees

b) It has been decided to invite a famous ecologist to inaugurate the Science Exhibition in your school. As the school leader, you are asked to invite him. Prepare an e-mail to invite the scientist.
Answer:
mehboobsaithu@hotmail.com
Sub: Invitation to inaugurate science exhibition
Dear Sir,
I am Riya of Class IX and I am the school leader of S.N. Higher Secondary School, Irinjalakuda. We are planning to hold a science exhibition to promote the study of science among students. The exhibition will have exhibits that show the growth of science in India. There will be pictures of the Indian Scientists and their short biographies. We will also trace the origin and growth of India’s space programmes.

As a leading personality in the scientific field, we request you to inaugurate the Exhibition. The time for the inaugural meeting is 10.00 a.m. on Wednesday, the 30th July 2019. The Venue is the school auditorium.

We hope you will kindly accept our invitation and grace the occasion with your presence.
Tanking you,
Yours sincerely,
Trishelle

Hysteria Meaning in Malayalam Question 1.
The scientist has accepted your invitation. At the inaugural function of the science exhibition, you have to make the welcome speech. Prepare the script.
Distinguished Chair and eminent guests,
Answer:
As the school leader, I have great pleasure in making this welcome address. First and foremost I welcome our Chief Guest Mr. Mehboob Saithu who is a well-known figure in our midst. Although his concentration is on Agriculture, he has special interests in the scientific field. We have read many of his articles about Science and Scientific Growth and how science has revolutionized agriculture. I can say he continues with the Green Revolution making our country selfsufficient in food. He also takes a keen interest in the space missions of India.

I also welcome our eminent speakers on this occasion. Mrs. Sonia Varghese is well known to you as the Chairperson of the Municipality. Mr. Ahmed Sultan is also well-known to you as the prominent businessman of our town. I heartily welcome both of them.

Now I welcome the headmaster and the teachers to this inaugural meeting. In fact welcoming them would be almost redundant as they are the real hosts of this event, But for the sake of formality, I welcome them. I also welcome all of you for coming and making this event successful.

Thank you all.

Language Activities

a) Look at the sentences given below.
We must discuss this calmly.
The commotion dies slowly.
I strongly oppose this plan.
Identify the structure of the sentences and write them below

Answer:

Noun Phrase	Verb phrase	VP Constituents
We	must discuss. this calmly	Aux+Verb+ NP+Adverb
The commotion	dies slowly	VP + Adverb
I	strongly oppose this plan.	Adv+V+NP(object)

b) Complete the table given below using adverbs from the play, ‘Listen to the Mountain.’ How do they enrich the play?

Answer:

curiously	proudly	contemptuously
doubtfully	haughtily	certainly

c) Study the following sentences from the play, ‘Listen to the Mountain.’
1. Rudrappa and Kannan are talking excitedly.
2. Dixit and Sagar look around in panic.
3. They are starting work tomorrow
What do you understand about the adverbs which are underlined?
Do they answer ‘how/when/where?’
Answer:
The adverb excitedly, around and tomorrow shows how, where and when things happened.
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. They tell us how, when and where things happen.

d) Write some sentences with adverbs :

Answer:

How	When	Where?
She drives fast.	They came yesterday	Place it there
He walks slowly	The meeting will start soon	Keep it here.
Kareena dances well.	My father is coming tomorrow.	He went everywhere with his dog.

Activity 2

Read the following sentences.
1. We are building a hotel here. A five star hotel.
2. We are bringing the labourers, of course. A few hundred.
3. They are playing football.
4. He is reading a novel.
Identify the verb phrases and fill in the blanks appropriately.

VP	Function
1. are building	1.
2.	2. planned future action
3.	3. continuous action
4.	4.

Answer:

VP	Function
1. are building	1. planned future action,
2. are bringing	2. planned future action
3. are playing	3. continuous action
4. is reading	4. action going on now

a) Identify the planned future actions from the sentences
1. The Prime Minister is arriving tomorrow to visit the flood-affected areas.
2. Geetha is going to the market.
3. We are going on a tour next week.
4. Rahul and Kabeer are playing chess
Answer:
1. is arriving tomorrow.
2. are going on a tour next week.

b) Rewrite the sentences using am/is/ are+ verb +ing.
1. Trucks and lorries will arrive with cement, bricks, and marble tomorrow.
2. The villagers will stage a peaceful protest the next day
3. We will submit a petition to the Collector tomorrow
Answer:
1. Trucks and lorries are arriving with cement, bricks, and marble tomorrow.
2. The villagers are staging a peaceful protest the next day.
3. We are submitting a petition to the Collector tomorrow.

Activity – 3

Which of the following statements are true? Tick the correct ones. Justify your answer.
1. The time of the action is mentioned in both the sentences.
2. The tense form used in each sentence is different.
3. The actions in both the sentences are complete.
Answer:
1. False.
2. True.
3. True

a) Look at the following words and expressions. Some of them go only with sentences in the simple past tense. And others with the present perfect. Arrange them under the given titles.


Answer:

With sentences in present perfect	With sentences in simple past
ever	yesterday
many times	one year ago
before	previous year
never	last week
already	at that moment
yet	that day
so far	one day

Note : Some of the words like before, never, once, so far, etc. can be used with present perfect as well as the simple past.

Activity – 4

The grandmother in the play ‘Listen to the Mountain’ gives certain instructions to the headmaster.
You must talk to the children.
Find out what they feel about it.
Don’t put ideas into their heads.
Just tell them everything.
These instructions can be converted into requests of different types.
e.g. You must talk to the children.
Please talk to the children.
Could you please talk to the children?
Would you mind talking to the children?

a) Convert the other instructions into requests in different ways.
Answer:
Please find out what they feel about it.
Could you please find out what they feel about it?
Would you mind finding out what they feel about it?

You should not put ideas into their heads.
You should desist from putting ideas into their heads.
Be careful not to put ideas into their heads.

Please tell them everything.
Could you please tell them everything?
Would you mind telling them everything?

b) Imagine that the grandmother advises /warns the headmaster.
How would the sentences be then?
You had better talk to the children.
You had better find out what they feel about it
had better + verb (for advice/recommendation/suggestion/warning)

c) There are many people who are not concerned about the environment. How would you advise them?

Rainfall is less nowadays.
You had better plant more trees.
Water scarcity is a serious problem, …………………… not wastewater.
We get vegetables with toxic residue from the market ………
Answer:
Rainfall is less nowadays. → You had better plant more trees.
Water scarcity is a serious problem. → You had better not wastewater.
We get vegetables with toxic residue from the market. → You had better grow your own vegetables.
You are getting fat. → You had better reduce your weight.
You are getting low marks. → You had better spend more time with your books.

Activity – 5

a) Read the paragraph given below and guess the meaning of the words underlined.

Sagar called on Narayan and spoke to him of his decision to put up a new hotel in Dharmagiri. But Narayan could foresee its dangers and he put it across to his mother. His ninety-year-old mother couldn’t put up with this news. So she told Narayan to do something to put an end to Sagar’s programme. Hearing this, Narayan explained the dangers to Sagar and he turned down Sagar’s proposal. Yet, Sagar was not ready to cancel his project. Therefore, Narayan called a meeting of the villagers and they together put their mind to start a protest.

Answer:

A. Word/phrase	B. Meaning
called on	visited
put up	build
put it cross	communicated
put up with	tolerate
put an end	stop
turned down	ejected

b) Look at this expression.
go away – neglect
Find out similar expressions and their meanings from the lessons ‘Listen to the Mountain’ and ‘Climate Change is not Hysteria’.
Answer:
From Listen to the Mountain:
knocked down — demolished
pour into — come in large numbers
get things moving — make things happen
put up — build
bring in — get
come up — start, grow
care for — think about, worry about
get on — continue, proceed

Climate Change is not hysteria – it’s a fact:
looked at — considered
go away — vanish, disappear
depend on — rely on

c) Read the headlines given below. Identify the phrasal verbs and guess their meanings. You may refer to a dictionary.

Answer:

Headlines	Phrasal Verbs	Meaning
Jazz legend passes away in sleep	passes away	dies
Youngsters urged to give up smoking	give up	stop
Bomb goes off in town	goes off	blasts
Government ready to take on new projects	take on	start
Prime Minister calls on President to discuss security issues	calls on	visit

d) The following is a questionnaire enquiring into the study habit of one among your friends. Discuss the meaning of the phrasal verbs used in the questions and write down the answers. Add a few questions of your own, using phrasal verbs.
1. At what time do you usually get up?
2. How much time do you take to review your previous day’s lessons?
3. Which subjects are hard to keep up with?
4. Do you jot down notes in the class?
5. Do you look up unfamiliar words in a dictionary?
6. Do you finish off your work in time?
7. Do you cheer up your friends when they are down?
8. How do you while away your leisure time?
9. Do you stay up late, the night before the exam?
Answer:
1. get up — wake up
2. take to — use.
3. keep up with — understand, study, follow
4. jot down — write quickly
5. lookup — search, find out
6. finish off — complete
7. cheer up — encourage
8. while away — pass, spend
9. stay up — keep awake

e) Collect a few phrasal verbs and use them in sentences of your own. Topics: family, everyday life, sports, study, etc.

Answer:

Phrasal verbs	Sentences
Put up with	Narayan cannot put up with the behavior of Sagar
put up	We are putting up another building close to our home.
get up	I get up at 6 in the morning.
get into	I got into some trouble the other day with my boss.
take away	Problems take away the pleasure of life.
put on	I  try to put on a different dress each day.
close down	Our shop was closed down last week.
prefer to	I prefer coffee to tea
bring up	The matter was brought up for discussion.
insist on	My father insists on hard work.

Activity 6

Let’s edit

Here is an excerpt from a speech by Yugratna Srivastava, a 13-year-old Indian girl, which was delivered at the U N Summit on Climate Change on 22 September 2009. Some errors have been made by a pupil while copying it. These are underlined. Correct the errors.

The Himalayas are melting, the polar bears are dying. Two of every five people (a) doesn’t have access to clean drinking water. The earth’s temperature (b) are increasing. We (c) have losing the untapped information and potential of plant species. The Pacific’s water level (d) risen. Is this what we (e) are go-to hand over to our future generations? We (f) receive a clean and healthy planet from our ancestors and we are (g) gift a damaged one to our successors. Is there any justice in this? Honorable Excellencies, we need to call for action now. We (h) have protect the earth not just for us but for our future generations.
Answer:
a. don’t have
b. is increasing
c. have lost
d. has risen
e. are going
f. received
g. gifting
h. have to protect