Students often refer to SCERT Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf and Class 9 History Chapter 3 Land Grants and the Indian Society Notes Questions and Answers English Medium that include all exercises in the prescribed syllabus.
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science History Notes Chapter 3 Land Grants and the Indian Society
Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 3 Notes Question Answer Kerala Syllabus Land Grants and the Indian Society
Class 9 History Chapter 3 Notes Kerala Syllabus English Medium
Question 1.
After the fall of the Mauryas, several dynasties came to power in different parts of India. Locate them in the map given below.
Answer:
Kushanas,Guptas,Shakas,Vakatakas, Satavahanas, Cholas, Cheras, Pandyas
Question 2.
What were the changes brought about by the land grant process during the Gupta period?
Answer:
- The king’s authority over the donated land gradually declined.
- The right to collect taxes and administer justice over the donated land was transferred along with the ownership of land.
- Those who received the land grants also got the right to grant the land to someone else.
- In course of time, the kings and nobles began to give land grants instead of cash as remuneration for the services they received.
- Although most of the land grants were received by the Brahmins, gradually, other sections also started receiving land as grant.
Question 3.
What factors contributed to the spread of agriculture during the Gupta period?
Answer:
- Even the uncultivated areas were made suitable for agriculture.
- The new social system provided sufficient labour-force for agriculture.
- The knowledge of Brahmins about agricultural technology and climate
- Different irrigation facilities
Question 4.
Discuss the characteristics of the Samantha System that came into existence during the Gupta period.
Answer:
With the widespread practice of land grants, a powerful section of landowners with immense wealth and influence was formed in the society. Those who worked on the land became rightless dependents of the landlords. In such a system, the farmers, the agricultural labourers and the slaves were bound to the land.
They lived and died in the same soil where they were born. They laboured throughout their life for their masters. In addition to taxes, these people from the lower stratum of the society had to provide free services to the upper stratum. This system has been called ‘Indian Feudalism’.
Question 5.
Find out the arts and crafts of the period from the information and complete the table.
| Artifacts Recovered | Crafts |
| Earthen Pots | Pottery making |
| Jewellery made of gold, silver and precious stones | ………..(a)………….. |
| Pearls | ………..(b)………….. |
| Glassware | ………..(c)………….. |
| Silk, cotton textiles | ………..(d)………….. |
| Sculptures in ivory | ………..(e)………….. |
Answer:
(a) Jewellery Making
(b) Pearl making
(c) Manufacturing of glass products
(d) Clothing manufacturing
(e) Sculpture
Question 6.
Find out in which present Indian states are the Gupta cities marked in the below map, located.
Answer:
Kanauj – Uttar Pradesh, Shiravasti – Uttar Pradesh, Mathura – Uttar Pradesh, Kausambi – Uttar Pradesh, Ujjayini – Madhya Pradesh, Vaishali – Bihar, Pataliputra – Bihar
Question 7.
Prepare a note comparing the administrative systems of the Mauryas and the Guptas.
Answer:
The Mauryan Empire, established by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE, was known for its centralized and bureaucratic administration. The Gupta Empire, flourishing from the 4th to 6th centuries CE, decentralized power by employing feudalism, giving land grants and autonomy to local rulers in return for loyalty and military aid.
This decentralized approach allowed Gupta Empire to control vast territory while granting local leaders authority in governing their regions. The Mauryas, under Ashoka, embraced Buddhism and used it for governance, promoting ethics and social welfare. The Guptas favored Hinduism, backing temples and Brahminical traditions. Despite differences, both empires shared features like bureaucracy, taxation systems, trade networks for prosperity. Both had strong military and expanded territories. Please shorten the text for me so that it is more concise.
Question 8.
List out the features of architecture during the Gupta period by observing the following pictures.
Answer:
Construction of temples using stone and bricks, there were sculptures, there were illustrations in natural colors.
Question 9.
Prepare and present a digital edition of the pictures of the temples and caves of the Gupta period.
Answer:
Hints for digital edition of pictures:
- Eye-catching image of a Gupta-era temple or cave to draw in readers.
- Collection of photographs showcasing different Gupta temples from various regions.
- Add images highlighting the intricate cave architecture and paintings of the Gupta era.
Question 10.
Evaluate the contributions made to the field of science during the Gupta period.
Answer:
Books on science also were written during the Gupta period. Most of the works were on Astronomy, Mathematics, and Medical Science. Notable works of the period were Brihatsamhita of Varahamihira, Aryabhatiya of Arya Bhata and Amarakosa of Amarasimha.
Question 11.
Discuss the economic changes brought about by the spread of the land grant system to South India.
Answer:
- Brahmins held a high position in the society and economy of South India.
- Agriculture developed
- Taxes
- Reservoirs were constructed and irrigation systems were set up
- Production surplus
- Progress of trade
- Inland trade and maritime trade grew
- Ports
- Business Societies (categories)
- Export of products
- Different occupations
Land Grants and the Indian Society Class 9 Extended Activities
Question 1.
Organise a seminar on ‘Land Grants and their consequences during the Gupta Rule’.
Answer:
Title: Land Grants: A Seminar on the Consequences during the Gupta Rule
I. Introduction: Brief overview of the Gupta Empire and their system of land grants. Importance of understanding the repercussions of land grants during this historical period.
II. Historical Context: Detailed explanation of land grants under the Gupta Rule. Legal and administrative frameworks surrounding land grants. Impact on the socio-economic structure of the Gupta society.
III. Consequences of Land Grants: Include economic Effects, social Implications, political Ramifications.
IV. Case Studies: Examples of specific land grants during the Gupta Rule. Analysis of the lasting effects on local communities and regions.
V. Modern Relevance: Linking the consequences of land grants in the past to contemporary land reform policies. Lessons to be learned from the Gupta experience for current land management practices.
VI. Conclusion: Recap of key insights gained from exploring the consequences of land grants during the Gupta Rule. Emphasize the importance of studying historical land policies for understanding present-day land issues.
Question 2.
Prepare an album, collecting pictures of temples built in various styles.
Answer:
Question 3.
Make a digital presentation on the achievements in science and technology during the Gupta period.
Answer:
Title: Innovations and Achievements in Science and Technology during the Gupta Period
Introduction: The Gupta period (c. 320-550 CE ) is often referred to as the Golden Age of India due to the remarkable advancements in science and technology that were made during this time. Scholars and innovators flourished under the patronage of Gupta rulers, leading to groundbreaking discoveries that had a lasting impact on the fields of astronomy, mathematics, medicine, metallurgy, and textiles.
Key Concepts:
Astronomy, Mathematics, Medicine, Metallurgy, Textiles
Conclusion:
The achievements in science and technology during the Gupta period were not only groundbreaking in their time but also had a lasting impact on the development of these fields. The period marked a flourishing of intellectual and technological advancements that shaped the future of science and innovation in India and beyond.
Std 9 History Chapter 3 Notes Kerala Syllabus Extra Question Answer
Question 1.
What were the changes brought about by the land grant process during the Gupta period?
Answer:
- The power to collect taxes and administer justice from the granted land was transferred with the landlord.
- Those who received land as a gift also had the right to re-donate the land to whomever they liked.
- Gradually, the king and the nobles began to pay for their services not in cash but in the form of land grants.
- The Brahmins received the most land from the king, but gradually other sects began to receive land grants.
Question 2.
Explain each terms given below.
a) Brahmadeya
b) Agrahara
c) Devadanam
Answer:
a) Land granted to a group of Brahmins was called Brahmadeya
b) Brahmin villages were called Agraharas
c) Land gifted to the Deity or the Temple came to be called Devadanam. This land was administered by the temple trustees.
Question 3.
Match the table
| Vaisheshika | Samudragupta |
| Prayaga Prasati | Amarasimha |
| Mimasa | Kanada |
| Amarakosam | Jaimini |
Answer:
Vaisheshika – Kanada
Prayaga Prasati – Samudragupta
Mimasa – Jaimini
Amarakosham – Amarasimha
Question 4.
Assess the progress in trade and commerce during the Gupta period.
Answer:
During the Gupta rule, internal trade flourished. Various crafts, including textiles, were major trade items, with skilled craftsmen producing various types like muslin, calico, and linen on a large scale. The Gupta Empire had extensive trade connections with West Asia, Central Asia, South East Asia, and Rome, leading to the development of new trade routes.
Gold, silver and copper coins of high quality were minted. Prominent traders known as ‘Nagarasreshtin’ and ‘Sarthvaha’ had their role in the government. Vaishali, Pataliputra, Kanauj, Shravasti, Kausambi, Ujjayini and Mathura were important centres of trade.
Question 5.
How did Brahmin migration from North India influence South Indian society and economy during the Gupta period?
Answer:
Brahmin migration from North India to South India during the 6th century CE led to the rise of significant dynasties such as the Pallavas and Pandyas. The Gupta rulers granted lands to Brahmins and temples, elevating their status and stimulating agricultural development in the region.
Question 6.
How did temple activities under the influence of Brahmins contribute to agricultural progress and trade in the Pallava Kingdom?
Answer:
Temple activities led by Brahmins in the Pallava Kingdom boosted agricultural progress by facilitating surplus production, which in turn stimulated trade. Agricultural expertise, reservoirs, and irrigation infrastructure supported by the kings and local authorities further enhanced trade relationships and economic growth in the region.
Question 7.
Match the following.
| Samkhya | Gauthama |
| Yoga | Badarayana |
| Nyaya | Kapila |
| Vedanta | Patanjali |
Answer:
Samkhya – Kapila
Yoga – Patanjali
Nyaya – Gauthama
Vedanta – Badarayana
Question 8.
Evaluate the factors that led to the decline of big cities in India.
Answer:
India’s foreign trade declined after the Roman Empire collapsed in the 6th century CE, largely due to westerners learning silk-making techniques from Chinese. This led to a decrease in craftsmen’s movement, resulting in ruralisation of arts and crafts. This led to the decay of major towns, with cities like Kausambi, Hastinapura, Ahicchatra, Takshasila, Ayodhya, Ujjayini and Mathura losing their glory.
Question 9.
Explain the position and status of women in Gupta period.
Answer:
Despite some high-esteem queens like Prabhavathi Gupta of the Vakataka, women generally held low status in society, with all being expected to be submissive to men. Even upper-class women did not enjoy high status or land grants.
Question 10.
Consider the situation when the caste system became more complex during the Gupta period.
Answer:
The Gupta period saw the formation of various occupational groups, leading to the creation of new subdivisions in society. It was impossible for the existing varna system to accommodate all these new occupational groups. In this circumstance, each occupational group became a new ‘jati’ or ‘upajati’.
These groups, along with foreigners, forest dwellers, and inter-caste children, made the existing caste system more complex. The Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaisyas retained their positions and privileges in the evolving complex system, while Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang described Sudras as peasants in an agricultural society. The ‘Antyajas’, those outside the Chaturvarnya system, were considered ‘untouchables’, with the lowest being ‘Chandalas’ and ‘Charmakarar’, graveyard keepers and animal skin tanners.
Question 11.
What are the three phases of temple construction?
Answer:
Rock-cut temples, Monolithic chariot temples, Structural temples
Question 12.
Which are the chief items exported from the Pandyan Kingdom?
Answer:
Pepper, sandal, gold, and pearls
Question 13.
Explain the features of temples built in Dravidian Architecture.
Answer:
Temple building was there in India from ancient times. There were three styles of temple architecture. ‘Nagara’ and ‘Vasara’ styles were followed in North India whereas the ‘Dravidian’ style prevailed in South India. Pallavas were the first to prove excellence in Dravidian architecture. Temples at Mahabalipuram are the finest examples of their excellence in temple building.
At the same time, the largest number of temples in the Dravidian style were built by the Cholas. Temples built by them during that period still exist in different parts of Tamil Nadu. The Meenakshi temple at Madurai and the Srirangam temple are the famous constructions of the Pandyas. Sreekovil,Vimana, Sikhara, Mandapa, and Pradakshina Patha was the chief characteristic of Dravidian architecture.