Plus Two

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2022 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Board Model Paper 2022 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60 Marks

Part – I

A. Answer any 5 questions from 1 to 9. Each carries 1 Score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
__________ is an example of exit controlled loop.
Answer:
do – while loop

Question 2.
What is the size of array in the following C++ declaration statement?
Answer:
10

Question 3.
What will be the output of the following C++ statement?
Answer:
7

Question 4.
Write the keyword used to declare a variable in JavaScript.
Answer:
var

Question 5.
Give one example for FTP client software.
Answer:
Filezilla / CuteFTP / SmartFTP

Question 6.
The person who is responsible for controlling Database is _____________
Answer:
DBA: Database Administrator

Question 7.
Which of the following is not a DBMS package?
i) ORACLE
ii) SQL Server
iii) MySQL
iv) HTML
Answer:
iv) HTML

Question 8.
Write an example for ERP package?
Answer:
Oracle, SAP, Odoo, Tally, MS Dynamics(Any one)

Question 9.
____________ is a technology used to send multimedia data using mobile phones.
Answer:
MMS

B. Answer all questions from 10 to 13. Each carries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 10.
_____________ is a library function that helps us to terminate a C++ program.
Answer:
exit()

Question 11.
Write the full form of HTTP.
Answer:
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Question 12.
What is a nested list?
Answer:
A list contains another list completely.

Question 13.
In DBMS, storing of same data in multiple locations is called ___________ .
Answer:
Redundancy

Part – II

A. Answer any 2 questions from 14 to 17. Each carries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 14.
What is array traversal? Give one example.
Answer:
Accessing each element of array at least once to perform any operation.
Eg : Sorting

Question 15.
Write down the names of any two web hosting methods.
Answer:
Shared hosting, dedicated hosting, Virtual Private Server(VPS)

Question 16.
What is meant by constraints? Give one example.
Answer:
It ensures the correct data is entered into the database.
Eg: unique, auto_increment, primary key, not null, default, check,… (Any one)

Question 17.
Explain any two benefits of ERP.
Answer:
Benefits of ERP system
1) Improved resource utilization : Resources such as Men, Money, Material and Machine are utilized maximum hence increase the productivity and profit.

2) Better customer satisfaction : Without spending more money and time all the customer’s needs are considered well. Because customer is the king of the market. Nowadays a customer can track the status of an order by using the docket number through Internet.

B. Answer any 2 questions from 18 to 20. Each carries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 18.
Give names of two parameter passing techniques in C++.
Answer:
Call by Value
Call By Reference

Question 19.
What is Content Managements System (CMS)? Write one example.
Answer:
Content Management System is a web based software system used for creating,administering and publishing website contents. Eg : Joomla, Drupal, wordpress.

Question 20.
Using example, explain the use of ORDER BY Clause of SELECT command.
Answer:
ORDER BY is used for selecting rows(records) in a sorted form. It can be acsending order(asc) or descending order(desc).
Eg.Select * from STUDENT ORDER BY Tot_Mark;

Part – III

A. Answer any 3 questions from 21 to 24. Each carries 3 scores. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 21.
Write the names of any three fundamental data types in C++.
Answer:
void, char, int, float, double

Question 22.
Compare static and dynamic web pages.
Answer:

Question 23.
Write the data types of following values in Java Script? Java Script?
i) true
ii) -300
iii) “School”
Answer:
i. Boolean
ii. Number
iii. String

Question 24.
Name any three fundamental operations in Relational Algebra. Give their symbols also.
Answer:
SELECT (σ)
PROJECT (π)
UNION (U)
CARTESIAN PRODUCT(X)

B. Answer any 2 Questions from 25 to 27. Carries 3 scores. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 25.
Compare break and continue statements in C++.
Answer:
break: It is used for premature termination of the loop.
continue: The statement continue is used for bye passing or skipping over a, part of the code within the loop-body and continue the iteration with next value.

Question 26.
Read the following statements:
char name[20];
cin>name;
cout<<name
i) What will be the output if you input the string “Sachin Tendulkar”? (1)
ii) Justify your answer. (2)
Answer:
i. Sachin
ii. White space is a delimiter to cin. cin will not read characters given after white space. To read the string including space gets() is used.

Question 27.
Write port numbers for the following services: (3)
i) HTTP
ii) SMTP
iii) DNS
Answer:
i. 80
ii. 25
iii. 53

Part – IV

A. Answer any 3 questions from 28 to 31. Each carries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 28.
What is token in C++? Name any three tokens.
Answer:
Tokens : Basic building blocks of C++ programs. There are five tokens in C++.

1. Keywords
2. Identifiers
3. Literals
4. PUNTUATORS
5. OERATORS

Question 29.
List any four built in functions in C++.
Answer:
abs(), strcpy(), strcmpQ, sqrt(), etc..

Question 30.
Which are essential tags of HTML?
Answer:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
<BODY>

Question 31.
a) ___________ is an attribute of <SCRIPT> tag. (1)
b) Write the built in functions in JavaScript for the following:
i) to display a message on screen (1)
ii) to convert uppercase to lowercase (1)
iii) to find the character at a particular position (1)
Answer:
a. Language

b. i. alert()
ii. toLowerCase()
iii. chartAt()

B. Answer any one question from 32 to 33. Each carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 32.
Write down the uses of following tags:
i) <SELECT>
ii) <FIELDSET>
Answer:
i. used for making drop down list box(combo box)
ii. used for grouping form controls

Question 33.
Write short note on any two examples of Cyber Crimes against individuals.
Answer:
Cyber crimes against individuals
i) Identity theft: The various information such as personal details(name, Date of Birth, Address, Phone number etc), Credit / Debit Card details(Card number, PIN, Expiry Date, CW, etc), Bank details, etc. are the identity of a person. Stealing these information by acting as the authorized person without the permission of a person is called Identity theft. The misuse of this information is a punishable offence.

ii) Harassment: Commenting badly about a particular person’s gender, colour, race, religion, nationality, in Social Media is considered as harassment. This is done with the help of Internet is called Cyber stalking (Nuisance). This is a kind of torturing and it may lead to spoil friend ship, career, self image and confidence. Sometimes may lead to a big tragedy of a whole family or a group of persons.

iii) Impersonation and cheating: Fake accounts are created in Social Medias and act as the original one for the purpose of cheating or misleading others. Eg: Fake accounts in Social Medias (Facebook, Twitter,etc), fake smi, fake emails etc..

iv) Violation of privacy: Trespassing into another person’s life and try to spoil the life. It is a punishable offence. Hidden camera is used to capture the video or picture and black mailing them.

v) Dissemination of obscene material: With the help of hidden camera capture unwanted video or picture. Distribute or publish this obscene clips on Internet without the consent of the victims may mislead the people specifically the youngerones.

Part – V

Answer any 2 questions from 34 to 36. Each carries 6 scores. (2 × 6 = 12)

Question 34.
Write the HTML code to generate the following table:

Answer:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>TABLE</TITLE>
<BODY bgcolor=”red”>
<TABLE border= 1>
<TR align=”center”>
<TH> Roll </TH>
<TH> Name </TH>
<TH> Class </TH>
</TR>
<TR align=”center”>
<TD> 100 </TD>
<TD> AB <7TD>
<TD> C2 </TD>
</TR>
<TR align=”center”>
<TD> 101 </TD>
<TD> PQ </TD>
<TD> C1 </TD>
</TR>
<TR align=”center”>
<TD> 102 </TD>
<TD> XY </TD>
<TD> A1 </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</TABLE>

Question 35.
a) Define the following terms of RDBMS: (4)
i) Tuple
ii) Relation
iii) Degree
iv) Cardinality
b) Write down the Degree and Cardinality bf the following relation: (2)

Answer:
tuple: record or row of a table
relation : table is known as a relation
degree (cd): number of columns or attributes in a table
cardinality (rc): number of rows or tuples in a table

b. Degree: 3
Cardinality; 4

Question 36.
a) Pick the odd one out from the following: Given reason also. (2)
i) CREATE
ii) SELECT
iii) UPDATE
iv) DELETE
b) Consider the given relation ITEMS.

i) Suggest a suitable primary key for the above relation. Give reason. (2)
ii) Write SQL statement to list all the items in the table. (1)
iii) Write SQL statement to list itemcode and name of all itmes. (1)
Answer:
a. CREATE:DDL command others are DML commands

b. i. Itemcode : it does not have duplicate values. Itemcode is unique.
ii. SELECT * FROM ITEMS;
iii. SELECT Itemcode, Name from ITEMS;

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Accountancy AFS Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2023 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Accountancy AFS Previous Year Question Paper March 2023

Time: 2 Hours
Maximum Score: 60

Part – II
(Analysis of Financial Statements) (40 Scores)

VII. Answer any 4 questions from 17 to 21. Each carries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 17.
Interest on calls in arrears is charged according to ‘Table F’ at
(a) 5%
(b) 6%
(c) 8%
(d) 10%
Answer:
(d) 10%

Question 18.
The debentures which are transferable by mere delivery, are:
(a) Registered debenture
(b) First debenture
(c) Bearer debenture
(d) Convertible debenture
Answer:
(c) Bearer debenture

Question 19.
Find the odd one.
(a) Fixed assets
(b) Tangible assets
(c) Intangible assets
(d) Long-term borrowings
Answer:
(d) Long-term borrowings

Question 20.
Identify the ratio which provides the information critical to the long run operation of the firm:
(a) Liquidity ratio
(b) Activity ratio
(c) Solvency ratio
(d) Profitability ratio
Answer:
(c) Solvency ratio

Question 21.
Identify the cash outflows from the following information:
(a) Commission received
(b) Procurement of loan
(c) Purchase of plant
(d) Dividend received
Answer:
(c) Purchase of plant

VIII. Answer all questions from 22 to 23. Each carries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 22.
Issue of 15,000, 8% debentures of ₹ 100 each as collateral security for bank loan of ₹ 15,00,000. Give journal entry.
Answer:
Debenture Suspense A/c Dr 15,00,000
To 8% Debentures A/c 15,00,000

Question 23.
List out any two limitations of ratio analysis.
Answer:
Limitations of ratio analysis:

• Non-monetary aspects not considered.
• Price-level changes are not taken into consideration.
• Lack of adequate standards.
• Inherent limitations of accounting.

IX. Answer any 2 questions from 24 to 26. Each carries 3 scores. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 24.
Write the three differences between Shares and Debentures.
Answer:
Difference between Share and Debenture

• Share is an ownership security. But debenture is a creditorship security.
• Dividend is paid on shares. But interest is paid on debentures.
• The rate of dividend on a share may vary yearly. But the rate of interest on debenture is fixed.
• Shareholders are the owners of the company. But debenture holders are the creditors of the company.

Question 25.
Give journal entry:
(a) 5000, 8% debenture of ₹ 100 issued at par.
(b) 5000,8% debenture of ₹ 100 issued at premium of 10% and redeemable at par.
Answer:
(a) 5000, 8% debenture of ₹ 100 issued at par:

(b) 5000, 8% debenture of ₹ 100 issued at premium of 10% and redeemable at par:

Question 26.
Classify the following transactions into a firm’s operating, investing, and financing activities.
(a) Sale of property
(b) Redemption of debenture
(c) Pay operating expenses
(d) Receipts for Royalties
(e) Purchase of furniture
(f) Procurement of loan
Answer:
Operating Activities
(c) Pay operating expenses
(d) Receipts for Royalties
Financing Activities
(b) Redemption of debenture
(f) Procurement of loan
Investing Activities
(a) Sale of property
(e) Purchase of furniture

X. Answer all questions from 27 to 28. Each carries 4 scores. (2 × 4 = 8)

Question 27.
Describe the purpose for which a company can use the amount of securities premium.
Answer:
According to Section 52 of the Act, securities premium can be used for the following purposes:

• The issue of fully paid bonus shares.
• To write off preliminary expenses of the company.
• To write off the expenses of or commission paid or discount allowed on issue of shares or debentures.
• To pay a premium on the redemption of redeemable debentures or preference share capital of the company.
• Buying back shares.

Question 28.
Explain the 4 objectives of financial statements.
Answer:
Objectives of Financial Statements:

• To provide information about assets and liabilities of the business.
• To provide information about the earning capacity of the business.
• To provide information about cash flows.
• To Judge the effectiveness of management.

XI. Answer all questions from 29 to 30. Each carries 5 scores. (2 × 5 = 10)

Question 29.
From the following statement of Profit & Loss of Kashi Traders, prepare comparative statement of Profit and Loss for the year ended on 31-03-2021 and 2022:

Answer:

Question 30.
From the following information, calculate cash flow statements from financial activities:

During the year, the company repaid a loan of 1,50,000.
Answer:
Calculation of cash flows from financial activities:
Proceeds from long term borrowings – 2,00,000
Repayment of long term borrowings – (1,50,000)
Net cash flow from financing activities – 50,000
Working note:
Long term Loan A/c

XII. Answer any one question from 31 to 32. Carries 8 scores. (1 × 8 = 8)

Question 31.
Anil Associates invited application for 10,000 shares of ₹ 100 each payable as follows:
On Application ₹ 40
On Allotment ₹ 30
On 1st and 2nd call ₹ 30
Applications were received for 12,000 shares and excess application money refunded.
Suku, who applied for 500 shares, failed to pay the 1st and 2nd call and his shares were forfeited. These shares were re-issued to Thomas at ₹ 60 per share. Give journal entries.
Answer:
Journal

Question 32.
The following is the Balance Sheet of Lechu Ltd. as on 31-3-2022:

Calculate:
(a) Current Ratio
(b) Quick Ratio
(c) Proprietary Ratio
(d) Inventory to Working Capital
Answer:
(a) Current Ratio = \(\frac{Current Assets}{Current Liabilities}\)
Current assets = 2,50,000 + 50,000 + 15,000 = 3,15,000
Current liabilities = 1,00,000 + 40,000 = 1,40,000
Current ratio = \(\frac{3,15,000}{1,40,000}\) = 2.25 : 1

(b) Quick Ratio = \(\frac{Quick Assets}{Current Liabilities}\)
Quick Assets = Current Assets – Inventory
= 315000 – 250000
= 65,000
Quick Ratio = \(\frac{65,000}{1,40,000}\) = 0.46 : 1

(c) Proprietary Ratio = \(\frac{Shareholders fund}{Total assets}\)
Shareholders’ fund = Share capital + Reserves and surplus
= 1,00,000 + 5,00,00 + 50,000
= Rs. 2,00,000
Proprietary Ratio = \(\frac{2,00,000}{8,40,000}\) = 24 : 1

(d) Inventory to working capital ratio = \(\frac{Inventory}{Working Capital}\)
Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities
= 3,15,000 – 1,40,000
= 1,75,000
Inventory to working capital ratio = \(\frac{2,50,000}{1,75,000}\) = 1.43 : 1

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Political Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2023 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Political Science Board Model Paper 2023 with Answers.

From Questions 1 to 12 answer for 16 scores.

Question 1.
Name the leader of the Freedom Movement of India who was popularly known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’.
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
(d) Sardar Patel
Answer:
(c) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

Question 2.
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 3.
Shimla Agreement was signed by and
(a) Lai Bahadur Shastri and General Ayub Khan
Answer:
(c) Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Question 4.
Who is known as the ‘Architecture of first five year plan’?
Answer:
Dr. K.N. Raj

Question 5.
Which organization led to the formation of Right to Information Act?
Answer:
M.K.S.S

Question 6.
Which commission recommended 27% reservation for OBC candidates in all levels or government?
Answer:
Mandal Commission

Question 7.
Identify the American President who declared “Operation Enduring Freedom”.
Answer:
George Bush

Question 8.
Complete the following table related to ASEAN: (2)
Answer:
(a) ASEAN Security Community
(b) ASEAN Economic community

Question 9.
Which of the following is not a SAARC country?
(a) India
(b) Nepal
(c) Indonesia
(d) Bangladesh
Answer:
(c) Indonesia

Question 10.
Write the expansion of‘NIEO’.
Answer:
New International Economic Order

Question 11.
Kyoto Protocol deals with which of the following areas?
(a) Migration
(b) Climate Change
(c) Human Rights
Answer:
(b) Climate Change

Question 12.
Match the following:

Answer:

Answer any four questions from 13 to 17. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 13.
What are the factors responsible for the dominance of Congress Party in the first three General Elections?
Answer:

1. Heritage of national movement.
2. Organisational set up throughout the country.
3. Charismatic leaders like Nehru and others.

Question 14.
Explain any three consequences of emergency declared on 25th June, 1975.
Answer:

1. Widespread arrest of opposition leaders.
2. Censorship on press.
3.  Excessive use of preventive detection.

Question 15.
India and Bangladesh have.differences over several issues. Identify any three of them.
Answer:

1. Ganga-Brahmaputra water sharing.
2. Illegal migration.
3. Denial of natural gas to India.

Question 16.
Explain Non-traditional concept of security.
Answer:

1. Human security – Security of humans
2. Rather than physical structures
3. Global security – Security of all countries

Question 17.
Mention any two outcomes of Rio-Summit.
Answer:

1. Countries are agreed upon the issues of climate change, afforestation and bio-diversity.
2. Implementation of agenda 21.

Answer any four questions from 18 to 22. Each carries 4 scores. (4 × 4 = 16)

Question 18.
Evaluate two positive and two negative consequences of the Green Revolution.
Answer:
Green revolution: Positive effects
(a) Increase in food production especially wheat.
(b) Punjab, Haryana and western UP were the beneficiaries.

Negative effects.
(a) Rich landlords and peasants were the beneficiaries.
(b) Ordinary farmers remained poor and a middle class farmers emerged.

Question 19.
What are the reasons which led to the failure of Janatha Government?
Answer:
Lack of proper leadership and common agenda.
No fundamental change in the policies.
Differences of opinion among parties in the coalition.

Question 20.
The anti-arrack movement in Andhra Pradesh drew the attention of the country to some serious issues. What were these issues?
Answer:

1. The women in Nellore district came forward to protest against arrack trade.
2. The protest demanded the authorities to impose prohibition of arrack in the area.
3. The women folk of the society and their struggle addressed the issues of domestic violence, dowry, sexual violence and their campaign increased social awareness about womens problems.
4. The movement demanded equal representation to women’s in politics.

Question 21.
What was the main outcome of Rajiv Gandhi- Longowal Accord in July 1985?
Answer:

1. Chandigarh would be transferred to Punjab.
2. A separate commission will look into the border dispute between Punjab and Haryana.
3. A tribunal will decide the sharing of Ravi-Beas river water among Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
4. Compensation would be provided to those affected by the military.
5. Armed forces special Powers Act in Punjab would
6. be withdrawn.

Question 22.
Assess the role of ASEAN as an economic association.
Answer:

1. ASEAN was established in 1967 and its headquarters at Jakarta, in Indonesia.
2. ASEAN was one of the powerful alternative centres of power of the South East Asian Nations.
3. ASEAN adopted a vision 2020, which was their economic manifesto for the new millennium.
4. ASEAN has trade relations and agreements with European countries, U.S.A, China and India.
5. After the formation of ASEAN, the economy of the South East Asian countries became very powerful.

Answer any four questions from 23 to 27. Each carries 5 scores. (4 × 5 = 20)

Question 23.
India and Pakistan have a largely hostile relationship that is rooted in historical and political events. Identity those incidents that have shaken the relationship between the two after partition.
Answer:
Arms race between the two countries went on uninterrupted.

1. The Indian side says that Pakistan is helping the Kashmir militants with arms, money and trasings.
2. Pakistan had helped the pro Khalistan militants.
3. Sharing of water is another bone of contention between India and Pakistan.
4. Another issue between two countries is about the demaration line in the Rann of Katch.

Question 24.
Discuss the major issues which led to the formal split of the Congress Party in 1969.
Answer:
On president Zakir Hussain’s death a new president had to be elected. Syndicate nominated Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy as the president candidate. Indira Gandhi asked V.V Giri to file the nomination as an independent candidate. Congress president issued whip asked to vote for Neelam Sanjeev Readdy. Indira Gandhi called conscience vote and supported V.V. Giri. In this election V.V. Giri elected as the president of India. Sanjeeva Reddy defeated and the Congress party had split. The congress led by the syndicate came to be known as the Congress (0) and the group led by Indira Gandhi to be called Congress (R).

Question 25.
Explain the three types of U.S. Hegemony. Give exam pies for each.
Answer:
Hegemony as Hard Power:
Hard power implies dominance of super power on ground of military power.
Eg. War on Terror, Operation Iraqi freedom.

Hegemony as structural power:
Structural power implies the dominance of super power on grounds of economic terms.
Eg: Academic degree MBA, Bretton Wood twins and their role in structural policy.

Hegemony as Soft Power:
Soft power impels dominance of super power on grounds of cultural spheres,
eg: Capacity to manufacturing consent, Blue Jeans, Coco-cola, MC-Donald etc.

Question 26.
Explain the main issues in Indian Politics in the period after 1989.
Answer:
1. End of congress system : The election is 1989 marked the end of Congress system .and the emergence of multi-party system. It led to the coalition government also when regional parties played a critical role in forming alliance.

2. Mandal Issue : In 1990 the V.P. Singh government decided to implement the recommendations of second backward class commission popularly known as Mandal Commission. The major recommendation was reservation of 27% seats in educational institution and government jobs for backward classes. Violent anti-Mandal protests broke out in different parts of the country.

3. New Economic Policy : Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh started new economic reforms to change the direction of Indian economic policy. Liberalisation, privatisation, globalisation were the three core aspects of that policy. It was really a radical change in the economic policy of India.

4. Demolition of Babri Majid: The Babri Masjid was demolished in December 1992. The demolition marked many changes in Indian politics. Secular fabric of the country was disturbed and widespread riots took place all over India. The demolition was marked as a’point of time when religious sentiments used for electoral purposes.

Question 27.
What is globalisation? Analyse the political and cultural consequences of globalisation.
Answer:
The concept of globalization is the exchange of ideas, materials and human resources. Now this exchange is possible among nations without much control. Looked at this way, it assumes different levels of political, economic and cultural meanings. In this sense it has merits and demerits. Some societies may be affected only very little, but some may be affected much more. Let us see how it works:

Political results:
Politically speaking, the authority of the government gets weaker. It will have to reduce its welfare schemes. Instead of social welfare, the stress is on the market. With the coming MNCs (Multi National Corporations), it becomes difficult for the governments to take independent decisions. According to the advocates of globalization, no political power of the government is lost. The essential things will remain under the authority of the government. Since technology has advanced so much, governments can do a lot. Technology helps governments to know the details of their citizens and make the administration efficient.

Economic Results:
Globalization has influenced the economic sphere greatly. World Bank, IMF, WTO etc. play big roles. All these are controlled mainly by America and its allies. The world economy itself has come tinder their influence. In this, a re-thinking is necessary. It is high time that we found out who the beneficiaries of globalization are.

As a result of globalization, import controls are reduced or removed. The developed nations can now invest their capital in the developing nations. Investing in the developing nations is more profitable.’ Technologies develop without any limits of borders. But regarding the movement of people, the developed nations have made certain rules. Their countries are kept safe from foreign workers through the policy of Visa. Because of the visa rules, the jobs of their citizens are not taken away by emigrants.

There are arguments in favour and against economic globalization. Although the policy is the same, different places get different results. Those who think of social justice can look at the limitations on government only as a demerit of globalization. Those who are economically backward need some special security not to suffer from the demerits of globalization.

Some people believe that globalization makes the poor people poorer and so it must be stopped. But globalization brings about huge economic growth and the social welfare of many. Large scale commerce makes the economy better. It is not easy to prevent globalization in the forward march of history.

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 28.
‘Partition was not only a division of geographical area but a division of hearts also.’ Based on the above statement, explain the difficulties and consequences of partition.
Answer:
There were three reasons for that. First of all in British India, there was not a single area which had only Muslims, there were two areas in which the majority was Muslims, one in the West and the other in the East. Therefore Pakistan was formed consisting of two areas – West Pakistan and East Pakistan. Between them there were large areas of Indian Territory.

Secondly, not all areas with majority Muslim population wanted to become part of Pakistan. Khan Abdul Gaffer Khan, who was the leader of the North Western Province had objected to the Two-Nation Theory. But ignoring his objection, the North West Province was included in Pakistan.

The third problem was that British India’s Punjab and Bengal were areas with Muslim majority. Butin these huge provinces there were very many non- Muslims. Therefore the Provinces were divided into Districts and Panchayats depending on the religious majority of the population there. The result was that on the day of Independence many people did not know to which country they belonged – India or Pakistan. It deeply wounded the people.

The problem of the minorities in each country was the worst of all. The Hindus and Sikhs in the Pakistani areas and the Muslims in Punjab arid Bengal were unfortunate preys to this division of the country. When the division was decided upon, there was large scale violence against the minorities in both the countries.

The division of British India in 1947 into India and Pakistan was a very tragic incident in history. In the border areas many people on both sides were killed because of their religion and caste. Huge cities like Lahore, Amritsar and Calcutta became religious areas. Muslims avoided going to areas of Hindus and Sikhs. Similarly Hindus and Sikhs did not want to go near the Muslim areas. People were forced to flee their homes, suffering a lot of difficulties on their way. Many of the people in the minorities in the border areas had to live in refugee camps.

The govern ments and the police were not there to help them. People had to walk or ride in some vehicles from their homes to their new places. During the journey, many were attacked and killed; women were raped. Many were forced to accept the majority religion and marry people against their will. In many homes v women were killed by their own relatives in the name of honour.

Children were separated from their parents and guardians. People who came to the new land had no houses and they had to live in refugee camps. Not only the land, but even moveable properties like tables and chairs were divided. The government and railway workers were divided. People who were living like brethren were divided. It is believed that be-tween 5 to 10 lakh people lost their lives in this tragic division of the country.

Question 29.
Describe the causes of Soviet disintegration.
Answer:
There are many reasons for the disintegration of the USSR:
a) Political reasons
b) Economic reasons
c) The reforms of Gorbachev
a) Political Reasons

1. In the Soviet system there was bureaucratic misrule and misuse of authority. The life of ordinary people was not at all smooth.
2. Lack of democracy and lack of freedom of expression.
3. Although on paper Russia was just one of the 15 republics, it either suppressed or controlled the people of all other republics.

b) Economic reasons
To become equal with the US in weapons, USSR spent a lot of its money on weapons. USSR was behind the West in technology and internal structure. It had no ability to protect the political and economic interests of its people.

c) Reforms of Gorbachev
His two important reforms were Glasnost and Perestroika. They did not bring the expected results. They brought more troubles to the country leading to its disintegration.

Question 30.
Evaluate the proposed reforms of structure and process of UNO.
Answer:
There is a need to reform UNOaspertheneedofthe time. The circumstances today are different from those existing at the time of the formation of the UNO. There should be objective solutions to the problems of the world. No country should assume the role of world police.

There should be structural change in the UN to enable it to eradicate terrorism. There should be proper representation of the developing nations in the UN. The demand of India to have permanent membership in the Security Council is a logical and just demand. India wants permanent membership because of the following reasons:

1. It has the world’s second largest population.
2. It is the largest democracy in the world.
3. India has participated in the UN activities since its inception.
4. It has long relations with the UN Peacekeeping force.
5. India’s economic situation is improving.
6. India gives regularly to the UN budget. It has never defaulted on any payment.

The above reasons are good enough for India to get a permanent membership in the UN Security Council. Permanent membership has its own significance. India’s importance will increase in world matters. Our foreign policy will influence others.

Reviewing Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2023 helps in understanding answer patterns.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Board Model Paper 2023 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Total Score: 60 Marks

Answer any 5 questions 1 to 6. Each carries 1 score. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
Which date type in C++ represents an empty set of data ?
(a) int
(b) void
(c) double
Answer:
void

Question 2.
Which function is used to find the length of a string ?
(a) strlen ()
(b) strcpy ()
(c) strcat ()
Answer:
strlen()

Question 3.
Which tag is used to partition the browser window into different frame sections in HTML?
(a) <TABLE>
(b) <FORM>
(c) <FRAMESET>
Answer:
<FRAMESET>

Question 4.
The keyword used to declare variables in JavaScript is __________
Answer:
var

Question 5.
The custom of designing a web site suitable to work on every device and every screen size is known as _____________
Answer:
responsive web designing

Question 6.
Analysis and redesign of workflow within an enterprise is called __________
Answer:
Bussiness Process Re-engineering (BPR)

Answer any 9 questions 7 to 18. Each carries 2 score. (9 × 2 = 18)

Question 7.
Write the basic structure of a C++ program.
Answer:

#include<iostream> 
using namespace sts; 
intmain()
{
Code; 
return 0;
}

Question 8.
What are the components of a loop?
Answer:
initialisation, Test expression, update statement, body of loop

Question 9.
Name the console input and output functions for string input/output operations.
Answer:
getchar() and putchar()

Question 10.
What is the difference between actual parameters and formal parameters?
Answer:
The variables that are used in the function definition as arguments are known as formal arguments. Th§ constants, variables or expressions used in the function call are known as actual arguments.

Question 11.
List the mathematical functions in C++
Answer:
pow(), sqrt(), abs()

Question 12.
Compare container tag and empty tag.
Answer:
Container tags have opening tag and closing tag. Eg. <html></html>
Empty tag has only opening tag no closing tag. Eg.<hr>,<br>, etc

Question 13.
Write HTML code segment to display the following:
(a) H₂SO₄
(b) x³ + y³
Answer:
a) H₂ SO₄
b) x³ + y³

Question 14.
List the form controls used to collect data using HTML form.
Answer:
text,password,checkbox,radio button,submit button, reset button, button, text area, drop down list box

Question 15.
Write short note on the data types in JavaScript.
Answer:

1. Number: It consists of all types of numbers. Eg. 8172, 3.14,…
2. Stringilt is a combination of characters (text data) Eg. “BVM”
3. Boolean: boolean data (true/false)

Question 16.
List the users of a database.
Answer:
Database Administrator DBA, Application Programmer, Sophisticated User, Naive User

Question 17.
List any four aggregate functions in SQL.
Answer:
sum(), avg(), max(), min(), count()

Question 18.
Write short note on GPS.
Answer:
It is called Global Positional System.lt is a satellite based navigation system that is used to locate the geographical position of objects anywhere on earth, using its longitude and latitude.

Answer any 9 questions 19 to 29. Each carries 3 score.

Question 19.
(a) Define an array in C++ (2)
(b) Declare an array to store 10 register numbers. (1)
Answer:
a) An array is a collection of elements of the same type placed in contiguous memory locations,
(b) int regno[10];

Question 20.
Briefly explain any three string functions and their use in C++.
Answer:
String functions
To manipulate string in C++ a header file called string.h must be included.
a) strlen()- to find the number of characters in a string(i.e. string length).
Syntax: strlen(string);
Eg.
cout<<strlen(“Computer”); It prints 8.

b) strcpy()- It is used to copy second string into first string.
Syntax: strcpy(string1, string2);
Eg.
strcpy(str,”BVM .HSS”);
cout<<str; It prints BVM HSS.

c) strcat()- It is used to concatenate second string into first one.
Syntax: strcat(string1,string2)
Eg.
strcpy(str1,”Hello”);
strcpy(str2,” World”);
strcat(str1, str2);
cout<<str1; It displays the concatenated string “Hello World”

Question 21.
Briefly explain any 6 text formatting tags with their use.
Answer:
<B> and <STRONG> :To make the text bold face.
<I> and <EM> :To make the text italics or emphasis. <U>: To underline the given text
<S> and <STRIKE> :To strike through the text
<BIG>: To make the text big sized
<SMALL> : To make the text small sized
<SUB>: To make the text subscripted(X₂)
<SUP>: To make the text superscripted(X₂)

Question 22.
Compare static web page and dynamic web page.
Answer:
STATIC AND DYNAMIC WEB PAGES
Some pages are displaying same content(same text, images,etc) every time. Its content are not changing. This type of web pages are called static page.Conventional wep pages display static pages . and has some limitations.

Advanced tools are used to create web pages dynamic, that means pages are more attractive and interactive. For this JavaScript, VBScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, etc are used
Following are the differences

Question 23.
Briefly explain the built-jn-functions in JavaScript.
Answer:
BUILT IN FUNCTIONS (methods)
1) alert() : This is used to display a message (dialogue box) on the screen.
eg: alert(“Welcome to JS”);

2) isNaN(): To check whether the given value is a number or not. It returns a Boolean value. If the value is not a number(NaN) then this function returns a true value otherwise it returns a false value.
Eg.
1. isNaN(“BVM”); returns true

2. isNaN(8172); returns false

3. isNaN(“680121”); returns false

4. alert(isNaN(8172); displays a message box as false

3. toUpperCase(): This is used to convert the text to upper case.
Eg: var x=”bvm”;
alert(x.toUpperCase());

4. toLowerCase() -: This is used to convert the text to lower case.
Eg: var x=”BVM”;
alert(x.toLowerCase());

5. charAt(): It returns the character at a particular position.
Syntax: variable.charAt(index);
The index of first character is 0 and the second is 1 and so on.
Eg.varx=’HIGHER SECONDARY”;
alert(x.charAt(4));
Eg 2.
var x-’HIGHER SECONDARY”;
alert(“The characters @ first position is “+ x.charAt(0));

6. length property : It returns the number of characters in a string.
Syntax : variable.length;
Eg.
varx=”HIGHER SECONDARY”;
alert(“The number of characters is “+ x.length); Output is as follows(note that space is a character)

Question 24.
Briefly explain the various types of web hosting.
Answer:
Types of web hosting
Various types of web hosting services are available. We can choose the web hosting services according to our needs depends upon the storage space needed for hosting, the number of visitors expected to visit, etc.

1. Shared Hosting
2. Dedicated Hosting
3. Virtual Private Server (VPS)

Question 25.
Briefly explain the keys in RDBMS.
Answer:

1. Candidate Key : It is a set of attributes that uniquely identifies a row. There may be more than candidate key and may be a combination of more than one attribute.
2. Primary Key: A primary key is one of the Candidate Keys. It is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify tuples in a relation.
3. Alternate Key : The Candidate key that is not the primary key is called the alternate key.
4. Super Key : A combination of a primary key with any other attribute or group of attributes is called a super key.
5. Foreign Key : A single attribute or a set of attributes, which is a candidate key in another table, is called foreign key.

Question 26.
Briefly explain the components of SQL.
Answer:
Components of SQL are DDL.DML and DCL. DDL(Data Definition Language) commands (3 – CAD)
Create, Alter and Drop
DML(Data Manipulation Language) Commands(4 – SUDI)
Select, Update, Delete and Insert.
DCL(Data Control Language) Commands(2-GR) Grant and Revoke.

Question 27.
Briefly explain the column constraints in SQL.
Answer:
a) NOT NULL: it specifies that a column can never have null values, i.e., not empty

b) UNIQUE: it ensures that no two rows have same value in the specified column.

c) PRIMARY KEY: it declares a column or a set of columns as the primary key of the table. This constraint makes a column NOT NULL and UNIQUE.

d) DEFAULT: it sets a default value for a column when the user does not enteF a value for that column.

e) Auto_increment: This constraint is used to perform auto_increment the values in a column. That is automatically generate serial numbers. Only one auto_increment column per table is allowed.

Question 28.
Write short note about ERP packages.
Answer:
Popular ERP packages are given below

Oracle
American based company famous in database(Oracle 9i-SQL) packages situated in Redwood shores, California.

Their ERP packages is a solution for finance and accounting problems. Their other products are

1. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
2. Supply Chain Management (SCM) Software

SAP
SAP stands for Systems, Applications and Products for data processing.
It is a German MNC in Walldorf and founded in 1972.
Earlier they developed ERP packages for large MNC. But nowadays they developed for small scale industries also.
The other software products they developed are

1. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
2. Supply Chain Management(SCM)
3. Product Life cycle Management(PLM)

Odoo
Formerly known as OpenERP.
It is an open source code ERP. Unlike other companies their source code is available and can be modified as and when need arises.

Microsoft Dynamics

• American MNC in Redmond, Washington
• ERP for midsized companies.
• This ERP is more user friendly
• Other s/w is Customer Relationship Management(CRM)

Tally ERP

• Indian company situated in Bangalore.
• This ERP provides total solution for accounting, inventory and Payroll.

Question 29.
Write short note on any 3 cyber crimes against individuals.
Answer:
Cyber crimes against individuals
i) Identity theft: The various information such as personal details(name, Date of Birth, Address, Phone number etc) , Credit / Debit Card details(Card number, PIN, Expiry Date, CW, etc), Bank details, etc. are the identity of a person. Stealing these information by acting as the authorized person without the permission of a person is called Identity theft. The misuse of this information is a punishable offence.

ii) Harassment : Commenting badly about a particular person’s gender, colour, race, religion, nationality, in Social Media is considered as harassment. This is done with the help of Internet is called Cyber stalking (Nuisance). This is a kind of torturing and it may lead to spoil friend ship, career, self image and confidence. Sometimes may lead to a big tragedy of a whole family or a group of persons.

iii) Impersonation and cheating: Fake accounts are created in Social Medias and act as the original one for the purpose of cheating or misleading others. Eg: Fake accounts in Social Medias (Facebook, Twitter,etc), fake sms, fake emails etc.

iv) Violation of privacy: Trespassing into another person’s life and try to spoil the life. It is a punishable offence. Hidden camera is used to capture the video or picture and black mailing them.

v) Dissemination of obscene material: With the help of hidden camera capture unwanted video or picture. Distribute or publish this obscene clips on Internet without the consent of the victims may mislead the people specifically the younger ones.

Answer any 2 questions 30 to 32. Each carries 5 score. (2 × 5= 10)

Question 30.
Explain various tokens in C++
Answer:
Token: It is the smallest individual units similar to a word in English or Malayalam language. C++ has 5
tokens
1) Keywords : These are reserved words for the compiler. We can’t use for any other purposes Eg: float is used to declare variable to store numbers with decimal point. We can’t use this for any other purpose

2) Identifier: These are user defined words. Eg: variable name, function name, class name, object nameetc…

3) Literals (Constants): Its value does not change during execution

• Integer literals : Whole numbers without fractional parts are known as integer literals, its value does not change during execution. There are 3 types decimal, octal and hexadecimal.
  Eg. For decimal 100, 150,etc
  For octal 0100, 0240, etc
  For hexadecimal 0x100,0x1 A,etc
• Float literals : A number with fractional parts and its value does not change during execution is called floating point literals.
  Eg. 3.14157,79.78, etc
• Character literal : A valid C++ character enclosed in single quotes, its value does not . change during execution.
  Eg. ‘m’, ‘f ’ etc
• String literal: One or more characters enclosed in double quotes is called string constant. A string is automatically appended by a null character(‘\0’) ‘
  Eg. “Mary’s”,’’India”,etc

4) Punctuators: In English or Malayalam language punctuation mark are used to increase the readability but here it is used to separate the tokens. Eg:{,},(,),………

5) Operators : These are symbols used to perform an operation(Arithmetic, relational, logical ,etc…)

Question 31.
(a) Briefly explain the types of lists in HTML. (2)
(b) Write HTML code segment to display the list given below. (3)
Courses After 12^th Commerce
• Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
• Chartered Accountancy (CA)
• Company Secretary (CS)
Answer:
a) 3 types of Lists in HTML.
1) Unordered List (<UL>) – Items are displayed with square, circle or disc in front.

2) Ordered List (<OL>) – Items are displayed with the following type values.
Type = 1 for 1, 2, 3, ……………..
Type = i for i, ii, iii, ……………..
Type = I for I, II, III, ……………..
Type = a for a, b, c, ……………..
Type = A for A, B, C, ……………..

3) Definition List (<DL>) – It is formed by defini¬tions.

• <LI> – It is used to specify List items.
• <DT>- It is used to specify Definition Term.
• <DD>- Used to specify the description

b) <B>Courses after 12<SUP>th<y SUP>Commerce</B>
<UL>
<LI>Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com )</LI>
<LI>Chartered Accountancy (CA)</LI>
<LI>Company Secretary (CS )</LI>
</UL>

Question 32.
(a) Define DBMS. (1)
(b) Explain the advantages of DBMS. (4)
Answer:
DBMS means Data Base Management System. It is a tool used to store large volume of data, retrieve and modify the data as and when required. DBMS consists of data and programs.

Advantages of DBMS

1. Data Redundancy
2. Inconsistency can be avoided
3. Data can be shared
4. Standards can be enforced
5. Security restrictions can be applied
6. Integrity can be maintained
7. Efficient data access
8. Crash recovery

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2021 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Accountancy Board Model Paper 2021 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Maximum Score: 60

Part – A
Accounting

Answer the following questions from 1 to 37 up to a maximum Score of 60.
From the following questions, answer for 40 scores from Part-A and 20 Scores from Part-B.

I. Questions from 1 to 4 carry 1 score each. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
Which of the following is not included in the final accounts of a not-for-profit organisation?
(a) Profit and Loss A/c
(b) Receipt and Payment A/c
(c) Income and Expenditure A/c
(d) Balance Sheet
Answer:
(a) Profit and Loss A/c

Question 2.
Partners are entitled to get which of the following in the absence of partnership deed?
(a) Interest on capital at specified rate.
(b) Interest on partners loan @ 6% per annum.
(c) Salary or Commission
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Interest on partners loan @ 6% per annum.

Question 3.
Suresh and Vinod are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 4 : 1 They admit Hari as a partner for \(\frac{1}{6}\) share. Their sacrificing ratio will be _________________
(a) 3 : 2
(b) 4 : 1
(c) 2 : 1
(d) 1 : 1
Answer:
(b) 4 : 1

Question 4.
The revaluation profit or loss at the time of retirement of a partner is distributed among the partners in _________________ ratio.
(a) New Ratio
(b) Old Ratio
(c) Gaining Ratio
(d) Sacrificing Ratio
Answer:
(b) Old Ratio

II. Questions from 5 to 7 carry 2 scores each. (3 × 2 = 6)

Question 5.
Where will you record the following items in the final accounts of a not-for-profit organisation?
(i) General donation
(ii) Life membership fee
(Hint: Debit or credit side of Income and expenditure a/c., asset or liability side of Balance sheet)
Answer:
(i) General Donation – Credit side of Income & Expenditure A/c
(ii) Life Membership Fee – Liability side of the Balance Sheet

Question 6.
Muneer, a partner in a firm withdraws Rs.4,000 at the beginning of every month for 12 months. The books of the firm closes on 31st of the December every year. Calculate interest on drawings of Muneer @ 10% per annum.
Answer:
Interest on drawing = Total Drawing × Rate of Interest × \(\frac{6.5}{12}\)
Total drawings = 4000 × 12 = 48,000
Interest on drawings = 48,000 × \(\frac{10}{100}\) × \(\frac{6.5}{12}\) = 2600

Question 7.
State any two differences between dissolution of partnership and dissolution of firm.
Answer:

• When the partnership between all the partners of a firm comes to an end, it is called the dissolution of the partnership firm.
• When the relation of partnership among different partners changes without affecting the entity of the firm, it is called dissolution of partnership.
• In the case of dissolution of partnership, assets and liabilities are revalued.
• In the case of dissolution of the firm, assets are realised and liabilities are paid off.

III. Questions from 8 to 10 carry 3 scores each. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 8.
State the three features of a Not-for-Profit organisation.
Answer:
Features of a Not-for-Profit organisation
(a) The main objective is to render services to members and the public.
(b) They are not expected to earn profit.
(c) They do not engage in trading activities.
(d) Credit transactions are not usually made.

Question 9.
Calculate the value of goodwill of a firm based on 3 years purchase of super profit given that capital employed is 2,00,000; normal rate of return is 10% and average profit for last few years is 25,000.
Answer:
Goodwill = Super Profit × No. of the years purchase
Super Profit = Actual or Average profit – Normal profit
Normal profit = Capital employed × Normal rate of return
Normal Profit = 2,00,000 × \(\frac{10}{100}\) = 20,000
Average profit = 25,000
Super profit = 25,000 – 20,000 = 5,000
Goodwill = 5,000 × 3 = 15,000

Question 10.
Anu, Manu and Sonia are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2 : 1 : 1. Sonia retires and the goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 1,20,000. Write journal entry regarding adjustment for goodwill.
Answer:
Old ratio = 2 : 1 : 1
Sonia retires,
Gaining ratio = 2 : 1
Sofia’s share of goodwill = 1,20,000 × \(\frac{1}{4}\) = 30,000

IV. Questions from 11 to 15 carry 4 scores each. (5 × 4 = 20)

Question 11.
State any four differences between Fixed Capital Method and Fluctuating Capital Method.
Answer:

Question 12.
Record the following in the Revaluation a/c of a firm at the time of admission of a partner.
(a) The value of Furniture increased by Rs. 5,000.
(b) Unrecorded investment Rs. 3,000.
(c) Provide Rs. 1,000 for doubtful debt.
(d) Stock reduced to Rs. 24,000 (Book Value: Rs. 30,000).
Answer:
Revaluation A/c

Question 13.
Kaushik and Devan are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. They admit Arjun into partnership with \(\frac{1}{4}\) share in profit. Arjun brings Rs. 30,000 for capital and his share of goodwill in cash. The goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 20,000. Their new ratio is 2 : 1. Give journal entries.
Answer:
Journal

Note: Goodwill of the firm = 20000
Sacrificing ratio = 3 : 2
Arjun’s share of goodwill = 20,000 × \(\frac{1}{4}\) = 5000
Kaushik’s sacrifice = 5000 × \(\frac{3}{5}\) = 3000
Devan’s sacrifice = 5000 × \(\frac{2}{5}\) = 2000

Question 14.
Balu, Rajesh and Abhijith are partners in a firm. Rajesh retires from the firm. On the date of retirement, Rs. 48,000 due to him. Balu and Abhijith promise to pay him in four equal early instalments plus interest @ 10% per annum at the end of every year. Prepare Rajesh’s loan a/c.
Answer:
Rajesh’s Loan A/c

Note: Amount of instalment = \(\frac{48000}{4}\) = 12000
1st year interest = 48000 × \(\frac{10}{100}\) = 4800

Question 15.
Write the journal entries for recording the following transactions at the time of dissolution of a firm.
(a) Assets realised Rs. 36,000.
(b) Liability paid by Ashok, a partner Rs. 4,000.
(c) Realisation expenses paid by firm Rs. 1000.
(d) Furniture taken by Sunil, a partner Rs.5,000.
Answer:
Journal

V. Questions from 16 to 20 carry 5 scores each. (5 × 5 = 5)

Question 16.
Differentiate between Receipt and Payment Account and Income and Expenditure Account (any 5).
Answer:

Question 17.
From the following information ascertain the amount of subscription to be shown in the Income and Expenditure Account of A-One Sports Club for the year ending 31.12.2020.
(a) Subscription received during the year 2020 Rs. 72,000.
(b) Subscription outstanding on 01.012020.Rs. 4,000
(c) Subscription received in advance on 01.01.2020 Rs. 3,000
(d) Subscription outstanding on 31.12.2020. Rs. 5000
(e) Subscription received in advance on 31.12.2020 Rs. 2,000
Answer:

Question 18.
Sumathi and Manju are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2. Their capital balance as on 01.01.2020 was Rs. 40,000 and Rs. 30,000 respectively. The partnership provides that Sumathi is to be paid a salary of Rs. 1,000 per month and Manju is to get a commission of Rs. 10,000 for the year. Interest on capital is allowed at 8% per annum. Interest on drawing charged from Sumathi Rs. 1,500 and Manju Rs. 1,200. The net profit of the firm before making all these adjustments was Rs. 74,900. Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.
Answer:
Profit and Loss Appropriation Account

Question 19.
What do you mean by goodwill? Explain the various factors affecting the value of goodwill of a firm.
Answer:
Goodwill is the value of the reputation of a firm in respect of profits in future over and above the normal profits.
Factors affecting the value of goodwill

• Nature of business
• Favourable location
• Efficiency of management
• Requirements of capital
• Market condition

Question 20.
Answer the following:
(a) Lallu and Omar are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3. They admit Mathew as a partner. On the date of his admission, their balance sheet showed a balance of Rs. 24,000 in the profit and loss A/c. (Dr.) and Rs. 12,000 in reserve fund.
Record necessary journal entries for treatment of accumulated profit or loss. (3)
(b) Calculate the value of goodwill based on three years’ purchase of average profit of the last five years. The profits for the last 5 years were: (2)

Answer:


(b) Goodwill = Average Profit × No. of the years purchase
Average Profit = \(\frac{40000+36000+44000+45000+35000}{5}\) = 40,000
Goodwill = 40,000 × 3 = 1,20,000

VI. Questions from 21 to 22 carry 8 scores each. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 21.
From the following Receipt and Payment A/c and other information, prepare Income and Expenditure A/c of Multi star Sports Club as on 31.12.2019:

Other Information:
(a) Subscription outstanding on 31.12.2019 amounts to Rs. 4,000.
(b) Electricity includes a sum of Rs. 500 paid for the next year.
(c) Half of the entrance fee is to be capitalised.
Answer:
Receipt and Payment A/c for the year ending 31.12.2019.

Question 22.
Given below is the balance sheet of Akhil and Ameer carrying a partnership business as on 31.12.2018. Akhil and Ameer share profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2.
Balance Sheet of Akhil and Ameer as on 31.12.2018

Carlos is admitted as a partner on the date of Bthe alance Sheet on the following terms:
(a) Carlose will bring Rs. 1,00,000 as his capital for \(\frac{1}{6}\) share in profits.
(b) Plant is to be appreciated to Rs. 1,20,000 and buildings is to be appreciated by 10%.
(c) The value of stock is reduced by 10%.
(d) A provision for doubtful debt is to be created at 10% of debtors.
(e) creditors were unrecorded to the extent of Rs. 1,000.
Prepare Revaluation a/c and Partners Capital a/c after the admission of Carlos.
Answer:
Revaluation A/c

Capital Account

Balance Sheet

Part – B
Computerised Accounting

VII. Questions from 23 to 26, Carry 1 score each. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 23.
The code assigned for Kerala as “KL” and Tamil Nadu as “TN” is an example of _________________
(a) Block Codes
(b) Mnemonic Codes
(c) Alpha Numerical Codes
(d) Sequential Codes
Answer:
(b) Mnemonic Codes

Question 24.
The intersection of a column and a row in a spreadsheet is called a _________________
(a) Range
(b) Cell
(c) Worksheet
(d) Workbook
Answer:
(b) Cell

Question 25.
The function used for preparing loan repayment schedule in LibreOffice calc is _________________
(a) SLN
(b) PMT
(c) AND
(d) DB
Answer:
(b) PMT

Question 26.
Which of the following is not a system generated ledger account in GNU Khata?
(a) Opening Stock
(b) Stock at the beginning
(c) Closing stock
(d) Cash
Answer:
(d) Cash

VIII. Questions from 27 to 30, carry 2 scores each. (4 × 2 = 8)

Question 27.
Select the financial functions from the following:
PV, RATE, IF, ROUND, COUNT, NPV, LOOKUP, ACRINT
Answer:
PV, RATE, NPV, ACRINT

Question 28.
Name any four elements of a chart or graph.
Answer:
Chart Area, Plot Area, Data Point, Grid Lines, Legend, Chart title

Question 29.
State any two advantages of charts and graphs in business applications.
Answer:

• It summarizes a large data set in visual form.
• Charts or graphs can clarify trends better than do tables.
• It helps to estimate key values at a glance.
• It shows each data category in a frequency distribution.

Question 30.
Fill the series as per hint given:

Answer:

IX. Questions from 31 to 32, carry 3 scores each. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 31.
Briefly explain the functions available in LibreOffice Calc for calculating depreciation under Fixed Instalment Method and Diminishing Balance Method.
Answer:
(a) Straight Line Method
Under this method a fixed amount is deducted from the value of an asset year after year on account of depreciation and debited to Profit and Loss account. This method is also called Fixed Instalment method, or Original Cost method. Under this method value of asset will be reduced to zero.
\(\text { Depreciation }=\frac{\text { Cost of the asset }- \text { Scrap Value }}{\text { Life of the asset }}\)

(b) Written Down Value Method (WDV)
This method is also known as Diminishing balance method or Reducing balance method. Under this method, a fixed percentage is written off every year on the book value of the asset at the beginning of the year. Here the amount of depreciation goes on decreasing and therefore, the book value of asset will not become zero even after its working life.
Amount of depreciation = Written Down Value of Asset × Rate of Depreciation

Question 32.
Describe the procedure to prepare a Bank Reconciliation Statement in GNU Khata.
Answer:
Procedure for preparation of Bank Reconciliation Statement.
Step 1: Create Organisation
Application → Office → GNU Khata
Here select ‘Create Organisation’ and enter necessary details and select ‘Create and login’.
Step 2: Create Ledger Accounts
Master → Create Account → Select Group → Select Sub Group → Enter Account Name → Save
Step 3: Voucher Entry
Voucher Menu → Select appropriate voucher → Enter Voucher Number → Date → Enter Debit and Credit Amount → Press Enter → Enter narration → Click on save
Step 4: Enter Clearance Date
Master → Bank Recociliation Statement → Select Name ofrthe Bank → Set Reconciliation period → Click on View → Enter ‘Clearance date’
Step 5: Output
To show Bank Reconciliation Statement, click on ‘View Statement’.

X. Questions from 33 to 35, carry 4 scores each. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 33.
Explain the security features of Computerised Accounting System.
Answer:
Security Features of Computerised Accounting Software
Every accounting software ensures data security, safety, and confidentiality by providing features like Password Security, Data Audit, and Data Vault.

1. Password Security: Password is the key to allow the access to the system. Computerised accounting system protects unauthorised persons from accessing to the business data. Only authorised person, who is supplied with the password, can enter to the system.
2. Data Audit: It enables one to know as to who and what changes have been made in the original data, thereby helping and fixing the responsibility of the person who has manipulated the data, and ensuring data integrity.
3. Data Vault: Software provides additional security through data encryption. Encryption means scrambling the data to make its interpretation impossible. Encryption converts readable data into an unreadable format. The encrypted data is commonly known as Ciphertext.

Question 34.
Describe the features of LibreOffice Calc.
Answer:
Features of LibreOffice Calc

• It is a spreadsheet application.
• It is both free software and open source software.
• It can be used to calculate, analyse, and manage data.
• The worksheet in Libre Office Calc contains Rows and Columns in a Table format.

Question 35.
Briefly explain the following:
(a) Tables
(b) Forms
Answer:
(a) Tables: Rows and columns to present fields in a database is called table. When creating a table, the characteristics of each field to be defined.
(b) Forms: Forms are used to enter or modify data (fields) into tables. Forms allow the user to display the data in a Table or Query.

XI. Question from 36 to 37, carry 5 scores each. (2 × 5 = 10)

Question 36.
Lists the merits and demerits of Computerised Accounting System (CAS). (any 5 each)
Answer:
(a) Advantages of Computerised Accounting System (CAS)

• Financial reports can be prepared in time.
• Alterations and additions in transactions are easy and give the changed result in all books of accounts instantly.
• It ensures effective control over the system.
• Economy in the processing of accounting data.
• Confidentiality of data is maintained

(b) Limitations of Computerised Accounting System

• Faster obsolescence of technology necessitates frequent upgradation in accounting software.
• Data may be lost or corrupted due to power interruption.
• Unprogrammed reports can not be generated.
• Alterations in transactions are easy. This reduces the reliability of accounting work.
• Work with CAS is expensive.

Question 37.
Explain any 5 statistical or logical functions in LibreOffice Calc.
Answer:
(a) Statistical functions
1. COUNT (): This function is used to count the number of cells in a range that contains numbers only.
Syntax :=COUNT (cell 1, cell 2, …) or =COUNT (Range)

2. COUNTA (): This function is used to count the number of cells in a range that contains any value. It will count number, text, time, date, logical values, error code, etc. In other words, this function counts the number of cells that are not empty in a range.
Syntax: = COUNTA(cell 1, cell 2….) or = COUNTA (Range)

3. COUNTBLANK (): This function in LibreOffice Calc count the number of empty cells in the given range. It is the opposite function of COUNTA.
Syntax: =COUNTBLANK (Range)

4. COUNTIF(): This function counts the number of cells within a given range that meet the criteria or condition.
Syntax: = COUNTIF (Range, Criteria)

5. AVERAGE (): This built-in statistical function is used to return the average value from a set of data.
Average = total sum of all the numbers – the number of items in the set.
Syntax: = AVERAGE (Cell 1, Cell 2, …)

(b) Logical Functions
1. IF (): This function is used to test a condition. When the condition is TRUE, then the first action is taken. When it is FALSE, then the second action is taken.
Syntax = IF (Test, Then value, Otherwise value)

2. NESTED IF (): LibreOffice Calc allows to include one function inside another function. It is called nesting of functions. The IF function can be nested, when you have multiple conditions to meet.
Syntax: =IF (Test_1, Then value_1, IF(Test_2, Then value _2, IF(………)))

3. AND (): This function gives only a TRUE or FALSE answer.
Syntax: =AND (Logical value 1, Logical value 2,…)

4. OR ( ): Returns TRUE if atleast one argument is TRUE. This function returns the value FALSE, If all the arguments have the logical value FALSE
Syntax: = OR (Logical value 1, Logical value 2,…)

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Two Political Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2021 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Political Science Previous Year Question Paper March 2021

Answer the following questions from 1 to 44 upto a maximum score of 80. Questions from 1 to 13. Total scores 22.

Question 1.
Identify the commission which recommended for the formation of states on language basis. (1)
Answer:
State Reorganisation Commission/ Fazal Ali Commission.

Question 2.
Name the political party which put forward two nation theory.
Answer:
Muslim League

Question 3.
Math the following:

Answer:

Question 4.
Who is known as the’milkman of India1? (1)
Answer:
Varghese Kurien

Question 5.
Math the following: (4)

Answer:

Question 6.
Name the political party which led the popular struggle against the dominance of West Pakistan over East Pakistan.
Answer:
Awami League

Question 7.
Find out the personality who won the Presidential election of 1969.
a) N. Sanjeeva Reddy
b) Morarji Desai
c) Nijalingappa
d) V.V. Giri
Answer:
V.V.Giri

Question 8.
Math the following: (4)

Answer:

Question 9.
Which among the following is a militant organisation?
a) Narmada BachaoAndolan
b) Dalit Panthers
c) Bharatiya Kisan Union
d) Chipko Movement
Answer:
Dalit Panthers

Question 10.
Which Prime Minister of India was assassinated as revenge to ‘operation blue star1?
a) Rajiv Gandhi
b) MorarjiDesai
c) Sanjay Gandhi
d) Indira Gandhi
Answer:
Indira Gandhi

Question 11.
Identify the leader behind the formation of BSP.
a) Kanshi Ram
b) B.P. Mandal
c) KarpooriTakur
d) Dr. B.R.Ambedkar (1)
Answer:
Kanshi Ram

Question 12.
Name the founder of Bolshevik Comm unist Party. (1)
Answer:
Vladimir Lenin

Question 13.
Identify the place where the ‘Earth Summit’ was held in 1992.
a) Paris
b) Kyoto
c) Rio-de Janeiro
d) Montreal
Answer:
Rio-de-Janeiro

Questions from 14 to 23. f=ach carries 3 Scores. (10 × 3 = 30)

Question 14.
Identify the three considerations whch guided the government to the integration of princely states to Indian union.
Answer:
People of most of the princely states are wanted to become part of India.
Government is flexible to give autonomy.
Integration and consolidation of the boundaries of India are important.

Question 15.
Briefly explain the reasons for the Congress domi-nance in the early phase of Indian democracy.
Answer:
Congress had led independence struggle. That legacy helped congress in initial elections.
Congress was the only party which had strong organisational structure and network all over India.
Charismatic leadership of Nehru and others.

Question 16.
How the Congress dominant system in India is dif-ferent from the single party system in China and Cuba?
Answer:
In China, Cuba and in erstwhile Soviet Union, there was one party dominance as only one party was allowed to function in those countries. But in India things were different. We had multiparty democracy. But staying within the bounds of democracy, congress dominated in Indian politics. Many parties had contested the elections, but congress maintaining its dominance.

Question 17.
What are the major objectives of India’s foreign policy?
Answer:

1. Protect territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country.
2. Promote rapid economic development.
3. Opposition to Imperialism, Colonialism and Racism.
4. Faith in UNO.
5. Peaceful co-existence
6. Non-Alignment
7. Afro-Asian unity

Question 18.
Write a note on ‘Shah Commission’ report.
Answer:
J.C. Shah was a retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The Janata Government set up a commission under the Chairmanship of Shah to look into the charges made against the government during ther emergency period. The Shah Commission made detailed enquiries. The findings, observations and recommendations were approved by the Janata Govermjient. The report was presented both in Loksabha and the Rajyasabha.

Question 19.
Discuss the social and environmental issues addessed by Chipko Movement.
Answer:
Chipko Movement was started in 1973 in two or three villages of Uttarkhand. The forest department prevented the villagers from using the forest but gave permission to a sports company to cut down such trees for commercial purposes. This provoked the villagers, when the workers came to cut the trees, the villagers stood near the trees embracing them. This protest spread to many parts of Uttarkhand. As a result of this movement, government issued as order prohibiting the cutting down of trees in the Himalayan ranges for 15 years.

Question 20.
The Anti Arrack Movement was also a women movement. Why?
Answer:

1. The anti-arrack movement was mainly a women movement started from Andra Pradesh.
2. It was stood against domestic violence and the custom of dowry.
3. It was stood against the sexual abuse at the workplace.
4. The movement was stood against gender inequality.

Question 21.
Briefly explain India’s relations with Russia.
Answer:

1. India and Russia believe in collective security and multi-polarworld.
2. The two countries signed more than 80 bilateral Agreements.
3. India stands to benefit from its relationship with Russia on issues like Kashmir, sharing information on international  terrorism.
4. India is the second largest arms market for Russia.
5. India has long economic, commercial, cultural relations with Russia.

Question 22.
Explain any three sources of new global security threats.
Answer:

1. Global terrorism is one of the major threat in the new global security.
2. Human Rights violations are yet another threat all over the world across boundaries.
3. Global poverty and famines are threats for the security of mankind.
4. Contagious diseases like AIDS, SARS, Covid etc. are new forms of threats against global security.

Question 23.
Explain the impacts of globalisation on culture.
Answer:
Globalization opens the way for the globalisation of cultures. It affects our home, food, dress and even thoughts! There is a fear that it would lead to a single world culture. There is the dominance of western culture through globalisation. The traditional cultures are in danger. But some people of the view that culture is not something that stands still. Every culture accepts things from other cultures.

Questions from 24 to 32. Each carries 4 scores. (9 × 4 = 36)

Question 24.
Explain the foramtion and failure of Janata government of 1977.
Answer:
The 1977 election was a referendum after the emergency. Even before the emergency, public opinion had turned against the Congress government. Emergency made the people turned against the party. The opposition parties joined together and became the Janata party. They rallied under the leadership of Jayprakash Narayan. Morarji Desai became the first non-congress Prime Minister in India. Later janatha experiment became a failure because of the internal conflicts and weak leadership.

Question 25.
Discuss the origin and activities of Dalit Panthers.
Answer:

1. Dalit Panters was a movement started in 1970’s working for the welfare of Dalits.
2. It was first started in Maharashtra.
3. The activities of Dalit panthers were concentrated in areas where Dalits are subjected to discrimination and attacks.
4. The agenda of the movement is making the society equitable where there is no caste discrimination.
5. The movement fought against all kinds of caste distinctions, reservation for SC’s and ST’s and fight against the legal prohibition of untouchability.
6. The movement split into various fragments and its strength was’lost.

Question 26.
Prepare a note on Narmada Bachao Andolan.
Answer:

1. Narmada Bachao Andolan was a movement came as a result of Sardar Sarovar Project.
2. Sardar Sarovar project is a large scale project built a number of big and small dams in the states like Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
3. Narmada Bhachao Andolan was also a movement against large scale displacement of people because of the construction of huge dams.
4. Tlie beginning of the movement was by demanding to rehabilitate those who would loss their homes.
5. The argument also came up that the local communities should have power over the land water and forests.

Question 27.
Discuss any four lessons of national integration in India.
Answer:

1. Regional demands are the part of the democratic process.
2. In democracy, suppression is not the solution to solve problems.
3. Respect in democratic deliberations and negotiations.
4. If regional representation is not equal in economic development, it will lead to regional imbalances.

Question 28.
Explain Kashmir issue.
Answer:
When India got independence, Jammu-Kashmir was a princely state. Initially, the king Raja Hari Singh refused to join either India or Pakistan as he wanted to remain independent. In October 1947, Pakistan encouraged some tribal groups to capture Kashmir. Then the king sought assistance from India.

The king signed the “Instrument of Accession” and so the Indian army helped the Jammu-Kashmir king. There was also a condition that when things become normal there would be a referendum. India granted Jammu Kashmir autonomy.

Question 29.
Write a short note on Soviet System and its weaknesses.
Answer:
The union of Soviety Socialist Republics (USSR) came into being after the socialist revolution in Russia in 1917. The revolution was inspired by the ideals of socialism, as opposed to capitalism, and the need for an egalitarian society. The soviet system gave primacy to the state and the institution of the party. Abolished private property and design a society based on the principles of equality.

The Soviet system, became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens. Lack of democracy and the absence of freedom of speech etc. are the problems of soviety system.

Question 30.
Write note on 9/11 attack and the global war on terror.
Answer:
On 11 September 2001, 19 terrorists hijacked 4 American planes and made them fly against some strategic buildings in  America. Two of the hit the twin-towers of the World Trade Centre. One crash landed in Pentagon, which is the headquarters of American defence.

The 4th plane had to land in field of Pennsylvania. 9/11 more than 3000 people were killed and it was considered as the first biggest attack American ever faced after its formation in 1776. After this America started its operation ‘Enduring freedom’. It is aimed against the terrorists like Al-Qaida and the Taliban of Afghanistan.

Question 31.
Discuss the capabilities of European Union to develop as an alternative centre of power.
Answer:

1. After the disintegration of Soviet Unidn, European Union was formed through the Maastricht Treaty.
2. It is considered an effort to unify the economic and political matters of Europe.
3. European Union because the world’s largest economic system.
4. The currency of EU, Euro is stronger tfian American dollar.
5. France one of the founder member ot European union, is also a permanent member of UN Security Council.
6. In military context, European union has the second largest in the world.
7. EU has its own flag, anthem, founding date, common parliament and common VISA system.

Question 32.
Explain the role of 1971 war in the formation of Bangladesh.
Answer:
In 1970, Pakistan faced a lot of internal problems. During the first election in West Pakistan the party of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto got the majority. But in East. Pakistan, theAwami League led by Majibur Rahman got the majority. The East Pakistanians wanted to be free from West Pakistan. The rulers of West Pakistan were not willing to recognize the Awami League and its victory. 1971, the West Pakistani
army arrested Majibur Rahman and threatened the people of East Pakistan.

The people were wanted their own country called Bangladesh and India supported the demand of a new country. In 1971 Pakistan attacked Punjab, Rajastan, Jammu- Kashmir. With popular support, the Indian army surrounded Dhaka from three sides. Pakistan surrendered and it came to be the beginning of a new country. After the war, Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto signed the Shimla agreement on 3rd July 1972.

Questions from 33 to 40. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 33.
Explain the ideology and programmes of the Swatantra Party.
Answer:

1. Swathantra party was formed in August 1959.
2. C.Rajagopalachari, K.M.Munshi, Meenu Massani were its prominent leaders.
3. Swathantra party opposed centralised planning, state intervention, public sector, etc.
4. They stood for individual freedom and privatisation.
5. They were against the policy of non-alignment and progressive tax regime.
6. Most of the ideologies of Swathantra party are in favour of capitalist system and they wanted to make India a capitalist  country.

Question 34.
Discuss India’s Nuclear policy.
Answer:

1. India’s nuclear programme was initiated uner the guidance of Homi J. Bhabha.
2. India conducted nuclear explotions in 1974 and 1988.
3. But India is against testing of atomic weapons for war like purposes. India stands for complete disarmament within the framework of United Nations:
4. India refuses to sign, NPT, because it is discriminatory.
5. India sood for no first use.
6. Stands for non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament.

Question 35.
Critically analyse the consequences of National emergency of 1975.
Answer:
Because of internal problems, emergy was declared and the people were in trouble. According to the constitution, during the emergency, the central government has special powers.

1. Protests and agitations by government employees were banned.
2. Opposition leaders were arrested.
3. Media were strictly controlled and suspended freedom of press.
4. Fundamental Rights were suspended.
5. Massive use of preventive dentention.
6. Public agitations were disallowed.

Question 36.
Briefly explain how Punjab crisis was resolved. nJ6raii36n]’ i;U(ra“mo
Answer:

1. Punjab was came into existence in 1966 on linguistic basis.
2. Akali dal propogated an idea called Punjab’s Suba and later Punjab was divided into Punjab and Haryana.
3. In 1970, a group of Akalis demanded political autonomy.
4. 1973, in Anandapur, they passed a resolution, supporting the idea of a seperate Sikh nation for Sikh community.
5. They started agitation for an independent Khalistan, which led to Blue Star operation and the assassination of Indira Gandhi.
6. After the 1984 general election, Rajiv Gandhi became the Prime Minister. He started talks with the Akali Dal leaders.
7. In 1985, he signed an accord with the Akali leader Harchand Singh Longowal. This is known as the Punjab Accordx or Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord. This helped to bring normalcy in Punjab.

Question 37.
Describe various issues related to regional aspirations in North-East region.
Answer:
The North-Eastern states have some geographical peculiarities. It was a region that was not closely linked to the rest of the country. Its development was neglected to an extent and the problem was made complex by the emigrants that came from other places. The major problems of the north-eastern states are:
1. Demand for Autonomy:
At the time of independence, except Manipur and Tripura, the entire North Eastern region was just one state. After independence, the non- Assamese felt that Assamese culture and language was imposed to them. Therefore they demanded political self rule. After long agitations, Meghalaya and Mizoram were formed. The tribal people of the region, the Bodos, Karbis and Dimasas demanded their own states.

2. Secessionist Movement:
India faced demands for secession from two North-Eastern states – Mizoram and Nagaland. Mizo leader Lai Denga and Mizo National Front started an armed struggle for their demand. After an accord with Rajiv Gandhi, Mizoram became a state with some special rights. Lai Denga became the first Chief Minister of Mizoram.

The case of Nagaland was very similar to that ofMizoram. Under the leadership of AngamiZafu Phizo, the Nagas started an agitation for seperate statehood and later made an accord with government. Thus Nagaland became an independent state, but still the issues of Nagas are unresolved.

3. Movement Against outsiders:
There was another problem in the North-Eastern region which faced migration of people from other places. There was rivalry between local people and the emigrants. In Assam the moves against outsiders were very strong.

Question 38.
Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Answer:
Most North-Western countries became capitalist, anti-communist nations. A big power like America could not easily tolerate a neighbouring country becoming a close ally of communist Russia. As Cuba got fianancial and diplomatic support from Russia, it became a strong country, although it was small in size. In 1962, the Russian leader, Khrushchev wanted to deploy missiles and other armaments in Cuba. Most of the American cities then would come under threat from Russia. America send troops to Cuba. This was known as Cuban missile crisis,. America wanted to get the Cuban President killed with the help of the CIA. wanted to stop the growth of communism in its neighbourhood.

Question 39.
Briefly explain ‘Shock therapy1 in the post communist regimes and its consequences.
Answer:

1. The failure of the Soviet Union made many of its constituent countries abandon communism and follow democratic ways. Russia, Asian countries, East European countries were attracted towards organisations like World Bank and IMF.
2. The main purpose was to make communist countries follow the capitalist model.
3. Co-operative farming will give way to private farming.
4. Foreign Investment, open market system, and currency exchange would be possible.
5. Private capital and market based economic system emerged.

Results

1. Many big industries under government control collapsed.
2. The Russian currency Rouble was devalued.
3. Because of inflation people lost the value of their savings.
4. GDP was diminished.
5. The social welfare schemes were abandoned.
6. As subsidies were withdrawn, many people experienced poverty.

Question 40.
Write arguments for and against India’s demand for permanent membership in UN Security Council.
Answer:
The demand of India to be a permanent member of the Security Council is quite a logical and legitimate one. India fulfils all the criteria to be a permanent rriember. It demands permanent membership on the following grounds.
a) It has the world’s second largest population.
b) It is the largest democracy in the world.
c) India has participated in the UN activities in its beginning.
d) It has long relations with the UN peace keeping force.
e) India gives regularly to the UN budget.

Arguments against
a) There are many other countries in the world are equally eligible like India in the permanent membership.
b) There is no representation from Africa and South America in the permanent membership of UN.

Questions from 41 to 44. Each carries 8 scores. (4 x 8 = 32)

Question 41.
Explain the process and consequences of the partition of India.
Answer:
The division of India was carried out on the basis of the Two-Nation Theory put forward by the Muslim League. According to that theory, in India there were two nations – the Hindus and Muslims. Therefore, the Muslim League demanded a seperate nation, Pakistan for the Muslims. There were four major issues in the process of the partition of India.

1. First of all in British India, there was not a single area which had only Muslims.There were two areas in which the majority was Muslims, one in the west and the other other in the East. Therefore Pakistan was formed consisting of two areas – West Pakistan and East Pakistan. Between them there were large areas of Indian territory.

2. Secondly, not all areas with majority Muslim of population wanted to become part of Pakistan, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, who was the leader of the North Western Province, had objected to the Two-Nation Theory. But ignoring his objection, the north west province was included in Pakistan.

3. Third problem was that British India’s Pubjab and Bengal were areas with Muslim majority. But in these provinces there were very many non- muslims.

4. The fourth issue regarding partition was the minorities lived in the both sides of the boundary of two countries. When the division was decided upon, there was large scale violence against the minorities in both the countries.

Conseouences
1. The division of British India in 1947 into India and Pakistan was a very tragic incident in history. In the border areas many people in both sides were killed because of their religion and caste.

2. The cities like Lahore, Amritsar, Calcutta became religious areas. Muslims avoided going to areas
of Hindus and Sikhs. Similarly Hindus and Sikhs did not want to go near the Muslim areas.

3. People migrated from one place to other, but during the journey many were attacked and killed, women were brutally raped. In homes, women were killed by their own relatives in the name of honour.

5. Not only the land, but even movable properties like tables and chairs were divided. The government and railway workers were divided. The writers were described it as ‘division of hearts’.

Question 42.
Explain the various reasons for the declaration of National emergency of 1975.
Conflict with judiciary : Allahabad High Court Verdict : Protest from opposition
Answer:
42. On June 25 1975, the President, on the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared Emergency.  The main reasons  ehind the declaration of emergency are following.
a) Economic Reasons
b) Gujarat and Bihar Movements
c) Dispute with the Judiciary
d) Allahabad HC Verdict’and popular movements
e) Protest from opposition

a) Economic Reasons:
The main slogan in the 1971 election was ‘Garibi Hatao’. But when the government came to power it could not improve the economic condition of the country. There were a number of reasons for that. First of all there was a refugee problem. Secondly, after the war, America stopped its aid to India. Thirdly there was a sharp increase in oil prices. The fourth reason was inflation which made the life of ordinary people very difficult. The fifth problem was negative growth in industrial output. Sixthly the salaries of government employees had to be reduced or even stopped. Seventhly, lack of rain caused serious shortfall in foodstuff. All the above things created an economic crisis in the country.

b) Gujarat and Bihar Movement:
The second biggest problem was the students’ protest in Gujarat and Bihar which were congress led states. The main reason was the increase in the unemployment and corruption made the students angry. In both these states the opposition parties supported the students. In Gujarat, Presidential Rule was imposed. In June 1975, because of heavy pressure from various sources, election was conducted and congress lost in the election.

In Bihar the students invited Jay Prakash Narayan to lead their protest. He accepted the invitation insisting that the protest must be non-violent. He asked for the dismissal of the Bihar government. He argued that there was a need for a revolution in social, economic and political spheres. In the meantime the railway workers also went on a strike. In 1975 Jay Prakash Narayan orgnaised a march to the parliament. The opposition saw in him an alternative to Indira Gandhi.

c) Dispute with the Judiciary:
Another reason for the declaration of Emergency was Indira Gandhi’s dispute with the judiciary. The Supreme Court said that some of the things the government did were against the constitution. The dispute was mainly in three things. Firstly, can the Parliament change the fundamental rights? Secondly can the Parliament change ownership of land. Thirdly the Parliament said that it had the right to reduce fundamental rights. Parliament amended the constitution, but Supreme Court objected. All these were the reasons for the dispute between the Government and Judiciary.

d) Allahabad High Court Verdict : On 12 June Justice J.L.Sinha of the Allahabad High Court passed a judgement declaring Indira Gandhi’s election to the Lok Sabha invalid. This order came on an election petition filed by Raj Narain, a socialist leader and a candidate who had contested against her in 1971. The petition challenged the election of Indira Gandhi on the ground that she had used the services of government servants in her election campaign. But later Supreme Court granted her a partial stay on the High Court order, that she could remain as MP but could not take part in the proceedings of Lok Sabha.

e) Protest from opposition: The opposition parties started widespread protest under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayan pressed for Indira Gandhi’s resignation. They announced nation wide Satyagraha and asked the army, police and government employees not to obey imiporal orders. The political mood of the country had turned against the congress.

Question 43.
India after 1989 witnessed five developments which has long,lasting impact on our politics. Briefly explain them.
Answer:
There are many unexpected and unforeseen developments happened in the contemporary politics of India. They were
a) Failure of Congress
b) Mandal issues
c) Changes in Economic policy
d) Demolition of Babp Masjid
e) Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi

a) Failure of Congress
First and foremost development of this period was the defeat of congress in the election held in 1989.
This was the end of the congress system.

b) Mandal Issues
Second development was the rise of the ‘Mandal issue’in national politics. In 1990’s the Central Government decided to implement job reservations recommended by the Mandal Commission. Reservations also made for other Backward classes. This resulted a move against the Mandal Commission throughout the country.

c) Changes in Economic Policy
The economic policy also changed according to the change in the government. A new economic policy was implemented in the name of structural adjustment or the new economic reforms.

d) Demolition of Babri Masjid
A number of events culminated in the demolition of Babri Masjid in December 1992. This event symbolized and triggered various changes in the politics of the country and intensified debates about the nature of Indian Nationalism and Secularism.

e) Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi
Finally, the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in May 1991, led to a change in the leadership of Congress party. After his murder, in the elections of 1991, Congress emerged as the single largest party.

Question 44.
Trace the causes and consequences of the disintegration of Soviet Union.
Answer:
There are many reasons for the disintegration of USSR. They are:-
a) Political reasons
b) Economic Reasons
c) Advent of Nationalism
d) The Reforms of Gorbachev

a) Political Reasons

1. In Soviet system there was bureaucratic misrule and misuse of authority.
2. The control exercised by the Soviet government on its citizens made their life difficult.
3. There was no freedom of expression or democracy. The party refused to give people their rights.
4. Communist party strictly controlled them and reforms were not possible.
5. Soviet Union was a confederation of 15 Republics. Russia dominated the other Republics and the people of the other Republics were either ignored or suppressed.

b) Economic Reasons
Although the Soviet Union was able to maintain its equality with the US in arms race. It was very costly for them. Western technology was better than Russian Technology. The political and taken care of the Soviet government. Soviet union used most of its resources to develop atomic weapons.

The Reforms of Gorbachev
Th reforms of the Gorbacheve like Glasnost and perestroika were the sudden reasons for the disintegration of Soviet Union. Glasnost means openness and Perestroika means re-structuring. These reforms did not bring the expected results. They brought more troubles to the country leading to its disintegration.

Consequences
End of cold war
Disintegration of Soviet Union was the end of cold war and bi-polar polity. It was also the end of power- block rivalry and arms race. The world became unipolar in nature nad the hegemony of US became a reality.

Change in power relations
After the second world war, there were two power blocks competing each other. They are the capitalist block led by USA and the socialist blocks led by USSR. But the disintegration resulted a change in the existing power system.

Emergence of new countries
As a result of the disintegration, there were many new countries emerged and others disappeared. The mighty confederation USSR became fragmented into 15 independent Republics. Like some of the satellite countries of USSR in the eastern European region’ were divided and that resulted in the formation of new countries.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Political Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2022 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Political Science Previous Year Question Paper March 2022

A. Answer any questions from 1 to 6. Each carries 1 Score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
Khan Abdul Gafar Khan is also known as
a) Bengal Gandhi
b) Kerala Gandhi
c) Frontier Gandhi
Answer:
c) Frontier Gandhi

Question 2.
Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India?
a) T.N.Seshan
b) SukumarSen
c) A. Sam path
Answer:
b) SukumarSen

Question 3.
rom which country we adopted the concept of Five Year Plan?
a) Canada
b) USSR
c) USA
Answer:
b) USSR

Question 4.
Find out the person who called for Total Revolution.
a) Morarji Desai
b) Indira Gandhi
c) Jayaprakash Narayan
Answer:
c) Jayaprakash Narayan

Question 5.
Which of the following country adopted an open door policy?
a) China
b) South Korea
c) Japan
Answer:
a) China

Question 6.
Identify the leader Mizo National Front (MNF).
a) Lai Denga
b) Sheikh Abdullah
c) Agami Zappu Phizo
Answer:
a) Lai Denga

B. Answer all questions from 7 to 10. Each carries 1 score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 7.
During cold war superpowers formed a number of alliances. Find out the US led military alliance from the list given below.
a) Warsaw Pact
b) NATO
c) SEATO
Answer:
b) NATO
c) SEATO

Question 8.
The first Gulf war of 1990 is also known as
a) Operation Iraqi Freedom
b) Operation desert storm
c) Operation blue star
Answer:
b) Operation desert storm

Question 9.
Tamil Eelam is associated with which organisation?
a) NATO
b) LTTE
c) Maoist Group
Answer:
b) LTTE

Question 10.
In 1992 the first earth summit was held under the leadership of UNO. The summit was held at
a) France
b) Rio de-Janeiro
c) New York
Answer:
b) Rio de-Janeiro

Part – II

A. Answer any 3 questions from 11 to 15. Each . carries 2 scores. (3 × 2 = 6)

Question 11.
Congress Party get dominance in the first three general elections, ist out any two reasons for the dominance.
Answer:

1. Inherited the legacy of the National Movement
2. Strong organisational structure all over India.
3. Charismatic leaders like Nehru, Azad etc.

Question 12.
Find out any two major objectives of Nehru’s Foreign Policy.
Answer:

1. Preserve hard earned sovereignty
2. Protect territorial integrity
3. Promote rapid economic development

Question 13.
Write a short note on Chipko Movement.
Answer:
Chipko movement was started in 1923 in two or three villages of Uttarkand. The forest department prevented the villagers from cutting down a certain kind of trees Maximum PuSCisders with which they made their working implements but gave permission to a sports manufacturing company to cut down trees for commercial purposes. When the workers came to cut the trees, the villagers stood near the trees embracing them. As a result of the movement, the government issued an order to prohibiting the cutting down of trees in the Himalayan region.

Question 14.
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 15.
Soviet System has certain unique features. Identify any two features of Soviet System.
Answer:

1. Egalitarian society
2. Abortion of private property

B. Answer any 2 questions from 16 to 18. Each caries 2 scores. (2 × 2 = 4)

Question 16.
Fill in the blanks.
ASEAN Community comprising three pillars. Namely ASEAN Security Community, ASEAN _____ Community, ASEAN ______ Community.
Answer:
Economic, Socio – cultural

Question 17.
From the list given below identify two permanent members of UN Security Council.
Answer:
USA, India, Brazil, China

Question 18.
India’s stand on environmental issue is always posi-tive. Identify two programmes adopted by India for environmental protection.
Answer:

1. National Auto-full policy
2. Energy conservation Act-2001
3. National Mission on Bio-diesel
4. Electricity Act of 2003
5. Adoption of clean coal technologies (any two points)

Part – III

A. Answer any 3 questions from 19 to 23. Each caries 4 scores. (3 × 4 = 12)

Question 19.
Briefly explain the differences between first and second five year plan.
Answer:

• First five year plan
  1. A renowned economist Dr. K.N. Raj prepared the draft plan of first five year plan.
  2. Priority to agriculture
  3. Poverty eradication
  4. Hasten slowly.
• Second five year plan
  1. P.C. Mahalanobis prepared the draft proposal of . the second five year plan
  2. Rapid industrialisation
  3. Priority to heavy industries
  4. Tariff on imported goods

Question 20.
Write a short note on Anti-Arrack movement. jaiaosccDailosrau
Answer:
In the 1990’s a large section of women in Nellur district of Andra Pradesh started an agitation against the drinking habit of their rhen-folk. Drinking alcohol causes both physical and mental harm. It also adversely affect the economic condition of the family. The women in Nellur protested against alcoholism and forced wine shops to close down.

They held : meetings and passed resolutions and sent them to the authorities. The protest in Nellur spread to the rest of the state.

Question 21.
Explain any two security threats faced by the con-temporary world.
Answer:
Terrorism:
Terrorist attacks make the life of ordinary citizens difficult. The try to bring about changes by threats or armed attacks. Their activities include hijacking planes and bombing towns and markets and other places where people assemble. The World Trade Centre attack of New York on 11 September 2001 was an example of extreme terrorism.

Human Rights violations:
We see that throughout the world there are human right violations wars, invasions, subjugations etc. are resulted in human rights issues.

Question 22.
Explain the consequences of shock therapy.
Answer:

1. Many large scale industries under government control were closed.
2. Rouble, the Russian currency, lost its value.
3. Many big industries under government control collapsed.
4. Because of inflation people lost the vaiue of their savings.
5. The social welfare schemes were abandoned.
6. Privatization made economic inequality among people.

Question 23.
Explain the political and economical consequences of Globalization.’
Answer:

• Political consequences
  1. Erosion of state capacity
  2. Welfare state giving way to minimalist state
  3. The market determines economic and social priorities
  4. Entry of multi-national companies
  5. Use of technology boost state capacity.
• Economic policies
  1. Economic ruls of weaker states
  2. Greater economic flows among different countries
  3. Economic rain of weaker states
  4. Promote interdependence and integration.

B. Answer any 1 Question from 24 to 25. Carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 24.
Explain Indians relations with Bangladesh.
Answer:

1. Sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputhra river water..
2. Issue of Illegal migration
3. Refusal to allow Indian troops to move through its territory
4. Extract natural gas.
5. Coorperation on disaster management and environmental issues.

Question 25.
What are the main provisions of Punjab accord?
Answer:
Punjab Accord was an agreement signed between Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Longowal in 1985. This was also known as Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord. The main conditions are
a) Handover Chandigarh to Punjab
b) Appoint a new commission to solve border disputes
c) Establish a tribunal to solve water disputes.
d) Compensation and better treatment
e) Withdrawal dfAFSPA.

Part – IV

A. Answer any 3 questions from 26 to 29. Each caries 6 scores. (3 x× 6 = 18)

Question 26.
Indian General election of 1952 became a landmark in the history of democracy all over the world. Explain the challenges faced to conduct the first general election.
Answer:
The first election also was expected in 1950. In a country like India a free and fair election was not easy to conduct. We had 3 major challenges the formation of electoral constituencies, the making of the voters’ list, and participation of the people. For all this, a lot of time was required. The first voting was a really big event.

Such a huge event had never taken place anywhere in the world before. The people with voting rights were nearly 17 crores, but only 15% of them were literate. There fore the Commission had to think about the system of voting. The Election Commission trained nearly 300,000 officials and polling officers.

The election of this country with such a huge amount of illiterate people was very unusual. It was a really big experiment. Until then only developed nations had democratic governments, notably North America and Europe. In Europe, women had no voting rights. In such circumstances, Universal Adult Franchise in India was really a great adventure. Many criticized it.

The first election in India took place between October 1951 and February 1952. Election propaganda, voting, and counting the votes took more than 6 months. There was tough competition. For each seat, an average of 4 candidates competed. More than 50% of the people voted. When the results were declared the winners and losers accepted the verdict. Thus the Indian experiment was a success and India was able to contain the evil tongues that pre¬dicted disaster.

Question 27.
The process of partition was not an easy process. Explain the causes and process of partition.
Answer:
Causes of partition
a) Two Nation theory part forward by Muslim League
b) Political competition between Indian National congress and Muslim League.
c) The British policy of divide and rule

Process

1. There was no single belt of muslim majority areas in British India
2. Not all Muslim majority areas wanted to be in Pakistan.
3. The Muslim majority areas like Punjab and Bengal had large number of others communities.
4. Unsolved problem of minorities on the both sides of the borders.

Question 28.
Explain the circumstances that led the split of Congress in 1969.
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru had great influence in the party because of his dynamic personality. His death created a vacuum in the party. Gradually the central group known as the Syndicate established itself in the Congress.
In 1969 there arose a difference between Indira Gandhi and the Syndicate. When Dr. Zakir Hussain died, the Presidential post was vacant.

The Syndicate nominated Indira Gandhi’s long time rival and the then speaker Sanjiva Reddy to the post. But Indira Gandhi preferred the then Vice President VV. Girl to be the next President. V.V. Girl long time rival and the then speaker Sanjiva Reddy to the post. But Indira Gandhi preferred the then VicePresident V.V. Giri to be the next President. V.V. Giri was elected.

The failure of the official candidate of the Syndicate caused the formal division of the Congress. The Congress President suspended Indira Gandhi from the Party. Indira claimed that her group was the real Congress. In 1969, the Congress led by the Syndicate was known as Congress (O) and the one led by Indira Gandhi was called Congress (R).

Question 29.
Explain the internal and external dimensions of Kashmir issue.
Answer:
When India got independence, Jammu-Kashmir was a Princely State. Initially, the King Raja Hari Singh refused to join either India or Pakistan as he wanted to remain independent. The Pakistani leaders believed that since Jammu-Kashmir had a lot of Muslims, it would join Pakistan. The people there were known as Kashmiris. Under the leadership of Sheikh Abdulla there was an agitation to remove the King from power. But he also did not want to join Pakistan. National Conference was a secular organization. It was also pro-Congress. In October 1947 Pakistan encouraged some tribal groups to capture Pakistan. Then the King sought assistance from India.

The King signed the “Instrument of Accession” and so the Indian army helped the Jammu-Kashmir King. There was also a condition that when things become normal there would be a referendum. For the welfare of the people Sheikh Abdulla became the Prime Minister. India granted J&K autonomy.

External and Internal Squabbles:
Because of external and internal problems, J&K is always in the midst of crimes. On one side there is Pakistan claiming the Kashmir Valley. After the 1947 War, a part of Kashmir came under Pakistani control. India calls it illegal occupation. Pakistan calls this area Azad Kashmir. Internally also the Kashmir problems is a headache for the Centre.

According to Article 370, Kashmir is given greater autonomy than other States. This Article is applicable only to Jammu and Kashmir. The special concession causes problems. Many believe that this autonomy given to Kashmir will adversely affect the unity and indivisibility of the country. They feel that Article 970 should be removed. But the Kashmiris feel that the autonomy they got by Article 370 is not enough. Some Kashmiris put forward 3 complaints.

1. No referendum has taken place so far.
2. The status promised by Article 370 is only on paper, not in practice. They need more autonomy.
3. They also say that the kind of democracy implemented in other States of India is not found in J&K.

B. Answer any 2 questions from 30 to 32. Each carries 6 scores. (2 × 6 = 12)

Question 30.
After 1980’s India witnessed five major developments that brought a long lasting impact in our politics. Explain any three developments.
Answer:
a) In 1989, Congress fost the election. With that election the ’Congress System’ ended.

b) Mandal issue in national politics: In the 1990s,the government decided to implement the job reservations recommended by the Mandal Commission. Reservations were also made for Other Backward Classes. This resulted in a move against the Mandal Commission throughout the country.

c) The economic policy changed according to the change in the government. A new economic policy was implemented in the name of Structural Adjustment.

d) In 1992, the Babri Masjid was demolished as a result of many things. It was an incident that threatened the unity and integration of the country. It happened because of the coming of BJP with its Hindutva agenda.

e) The Murder of Rajiv Gandhi (1991): This brought changes in the leadership of Congress. In the next election, Congress won the maximum seats.

Question 31.
Explain the political, economic and military influ-ences of European Union.
Answer:
After the WW II, many European countries faced serious financial crises. European leaders met together to find out ways of coming out of this problem. At this tim£ the Cold War between the US and USSR had started. America gave a lot of financial help to Europe. It is known as the Marshall Plan. Under NATO, America also signed a security treaty.

In 1948, under the Marshall Plan, “European Economic Cooperation” was founded. Its aim was to help West European countries. It became a fellowship and the member countries decided to cooperate in trade and other economic problems. For political cooperation, in 1949, “Council of Europe” was established. The unity among members finally led to the formation of European Economic Community in 1957. The coming of the European Parliament made the prganization very strong.

The disintegration of the USSR quickened the pace of . the growth of the European Union which was established in 1992. It helped in having a common foreign policy, law and justice and internal affairs. It also brought out a common currency the “Euro”. European Union became the world largest economic system. According to the statistics of 2005, their GDP was 12 trillion dollars.

This is more than the economy of America. Euro is stronger than American dollar. EU has become an important part of the WTO. European Union has great political and diplomatic importance. Britain and France which are its members have permanent membership in the UN Security Council. Therefore the EU can influence in the formation of important policies. For example, the nuclear programme of Iran. Militarily EU has the second.position in the world. Britain and France are also nuclear powers. In space research and communication, the EU occupies the second place.

Question 32.
Explain the principal organs of U.N.O.
Answer:
It was the realization that war would bring only ruin to mankind that prompted strong nations to think about peace. They realized that a 3rd world war would destroy humankind itself and they so they wanted lasting peace. In San Francisco in California, representatives from 50 countries met from 25 April to 26 June 1945 and formed the UN Charter. On October 24 1945, the UN formally came into existence.

The headquarters of the UN is situated in a 15-acre area in the Manhattan Island. This space was donated by John D. Rockefeller. The first meeting of the UN took place in London in 1946.

Veto Power : Security Council has 5 permanent members. If any of these votes against a resolution, it would be cancelled. This special power given to the permanent members is called veto power.

Secretariat : This carries out the day-today activities of the UN. Its head is the Secretary General, who will be in power for 5 years. He should be a person who does not have any Special loyalty to, or interest in, any particular country. There are Under Secretary- Generals and Asstt. Secretary Generals and Deputy Secretary General.

General Assembly:
When all the members of the UN meet together it is called the World Parliament. Its first meeting was in London in 1964. At present the UN has 193 member countries. In 2002, Montenegro joined the UN as its the 192nd member and later South Sudan joined as the 193rd member. Each country can send 5 representatives to the General Assembly. But each country has only one vote. Once every year the General Assembly will meet. Security Council: Security Council decides on the administrative policies of the UN. Its main concerns are International peace and security. It is the Security Council that decides about the membership of any country. It has 15 members. America, China, Britain, Frances and Russia are the permanent memb’ers. India, Brazil, South Africa, Japan and Germany are countries that are trying to get permanent membership.

Security Council has 5 permanent members and 10 members who are chosen for a period of 2 years. The Chairmanship of the Council will be on a rotating basis each month. Its responsibilities are settling disputes between nations, plan arms control activities, resist attacks and take military action against the attacker, recommend the appointment of the Secretary General, recommend the inclusion of new members in the UN, etc. To take decisions ‘ on any matter there should be at 9 votes in favour including the 5 votes of the permanent members. Economic and Cultural Council: This has 54 members. It channelizes the working of the main agencies of the UN.

International Court of Justice:
This solves the disputes between member nations. Its headquarters is Hague in Netherlands. It consists of 15 judges, who are appointed for a period of nine years. The first Indian to be appointed as ajudge here is Justice Narenda Singh. BN Rao and RS Pathak also served as judges later.

Part – V

Answer any 2 questions from 33 to 35. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 33.
Explain the causes of India – China war of 1962 and its consequences.
Answer:
In the beginning India and China had cordial relations. Our relations have a historical and cultural background. Nehru played a crucial role in making the relations better. India was the first country to recognize China after the Revolution. Nehru tried to help China in international matters. Because of these good relations, on the India-China border there were only paramilitary forces and not regular armymen.

The Panchsheel Agreement was a big landmark out India China relations. It was signed on April 29 by the PMs of both countries, Nehru of India and Chou- en-Lai of China. Nehru visited China and Chou-en- Lai visited India getting the love and respect of people. Nehru had an open-hearted approach to China. But people like Patel thought China was not a country to be believed. Nehru never expected any attack from China. But in 1962, China did attack India.

Two things spoiled the relations between India and China. One was the Tibetan Issue and the other was border disputes. Even in the 1950s when they were friends, India and China had border disputes. China was not ready to accept our suggestions regarding the border. China claimed Ladakh in Kashmir and some areas of Arunachal Pradesh to be theirs. During the period of 1957-59, they also took Aksai Chin sector and built the Karakoram Highway. The second issue was Tibet. In 1950, China annexed Tibet. It was a breach of faith.

In the beginning India kept quiet. But the Chinese started imposing their culture on the Tibetans. In 1959, the Tibetan Spiritual leader, Dalai Lama, sought refuge in India. China then accused India saying that India was acting against the interest of China. In October 1962 China infiltrated into Indian territories which she claimed to be hers. The first attack lasted a week. Chinese army occupied some places in Arunachal Pradesh. The next attack came a month later. But the Indian army stopped the Chinese in the western part of Ladakh. China declared a unilateral ceasefire and retreated from the places it had taken.

Results of the India-China War:
During the war, Russia kept her neutrality. India had to seek support from America and Britain. The war was shameful to the country. But it strengthened national feeling. Nehru’s close friend and the then defence minister V.K. Krishna Menon had to resign. Nehru was criticised for blindly believing China and for his lack of military preparation to prevent the attack. A no confidence motion was brought against his government. In Lok Sabha there were a lot of discussions. In many bye-elections Congress lost.

The Opposition was also affected by the war. In 1964 Communist Party split into two – Pro-Chinese and Pro-Russia. One was CPI (M) and the other was CPI. The War awakened the nation. The North Eastern region was backward. The Chinese war prompted the nation to keep its unity and to embark upon developmental projects.

Question 34.
Explain the causes of national emergency declared in India On 1975.
• Economic Context
• Gujarat and Bihar movements
• Conflict with Judiciary
• Allahabad High Court Verdict
Answer:
After the 1971 election, Indira became a popular leader with a lot of support from the people. This time there were serious problems in the Party. There were three main reasons:
a) Economic Reasons
b) Gujarat & Bihar Movement
c) Dispute with the Judiciary

Economic Reasons:
The main slogan in the 1971 election was ‘garibi hatao’. But when the government came to power it could not improve the economic condition of the country. There were a number of reasons for that. First of all there was the refuge problem. Then there was the Bangladesh Crisis, followed by the Indo- Pakistan War. All these things created financial problems. Secondly, after the War, America stopped its aids to India. Thirdly, there was a sharp increase in oil prices.

The 4th reason was inflation which made the life of ordinary people very difficult. The 5th problem was negative growth in industrial output. Unemployment increased, especially in the rural sector. Sixthly, the salaries of government employees had to be reduced and even stopped. Seventhly, lack of rain caused serious shortfall in foodstuff.

All the above things created an economic crisis in the country. There was general discontentment in the country. This gave the Opposition Parties an opportunity to organise protests.

Guiarat and Bihar Movement:
The second biggest problem was the students’ protest in Gujarat and Bihar which were Congress- ruled States. The main reason was the increase in the prices of essential commodities. Shortage of food, unemployment and corruption made the students angry. In both these States the Opposition Parties supported the students. In Gujarat, Presidential Rule was imposed. At this time the main opponent of Indira Gandhi and the leader of Congress (O), Moraiji Desai, decided to go on an indefinite hunger strike.

He did that for demanding elections in Gujarat. In June 1975, because of heavy pressure from various sources, election was conducted. Congress lost the election. In Bihar the students invited Jay Prakash Narayan to lead their protest. He accepted the invitation insisting that the protest must be non-violent. He asked for the dismissal of the Bihar government. He argued that there was a need for a revolution in social, economic and political spheres. But the Bihar government refused to resign. The entire country discussed the issue.

Jay Prakash Narayan wanted to spread the protest to all parts of the country. In the meantime the railway workers went on a strike. It would make the entire country come to a stand-still. In 1975, Jay Prakash Narayan organized a march to the Parliament. It was the biggest rally the capital had ever seen. The Opposition saw in him an alternative to Indira Gandhi. Both the protests were anti-Congress. Voices also rose against the leadership of Mrs. Gandhi. She believed that all this was done to take revenge on her.

Dispute with the Judiciary:
Another reason for the declaration of Emergency was Indira Gandhis dispute with the Judiciary. The Supreme Court said that some of the things the government did were against the Constitution. Congress argued that the Supreme Court judgement was against democracy and the authority of the Parliament. The Party said that the Court was standing against some welfare measures taken to help the poor people. The dispute was mainly in three things.

Firstly, Can the Parliament change the Fundamental Rights? The Court said no. Secondly, Can the Parliament change ownership of land? Again the Court said no. Thirdly, the Parliament said that it had the right to reduce fundamental rights. It amended the Constitution. But the Supreme Court objected. All these were the reasons for the dispute between the Government and the Supreme Court.

There were two more reasons. In the Kesavananda Bharati case, the Supreme Court judged that the Parliament can’t change the basic structure of the Constitution. Soon the post of the Chief Justice became vacant. Normally the senior most judge is appointed as the Chief Justice. But keeping aside 3 eligible-judges, the government appointed A.N. Roy as the Chief Justice. This appointment became controversial. Besides, the Uttar Pradesh High Court declared the election of Indira (Sandhi as null and void. All these were the reasons for Mrs Gandhi to declare Emergency in June 1975.

Question 35.
After the cold war USA dominates all spheres of international politics. Discuss the hegemonic power and explain three areas of hegemony.
Answer:
World nations try to gain and maintain dominance over others by using military, economic and cultural power. During the Cold War the fight was between the Soviet Union and America. With the disintegration of the Soviet, Union America remains the only Superpower. Dominance or hegemony is attained through three things:
a) Hard Power
b) Structural Power
c) Soft Power

Hard Power:
This includes military power and the relations between nations. Today America is in the forefront of military power. There is nobody to challenge its military might. It has the capacity to reach any corner of the world any moment. They, spend a major part of their budget to maintain this position. They spend huge sums “of money for research and technological developments. It is technology that keeps America in the forefront. With their military might they are even ready to police the world,.and punish the culprits.

Structural Power :
This dominance is. based on the economic structure. The global economic system relies on America. If America helps the global economic system, it is mainly for their benefits and profits. But America does a lot of good things for the world. For example, communication channels through the oceans. Merchant ships travel through sea routes and America has much authority on the water transport system. It is the American navy that keeps the sea-routes safe for ships.

The next is the Internet. In fact it was an American military project. It was started in 1950. Today the global network functions using satellites. Most of them belong to America. 28% of the world economy is controlled by America. 15% of the international trade is also done by them. In any economic sector, at least one of out of three biggest companies will be American. The world economic structure follows the Breton Woods style of America. The World Bank, I.M.F. and World Trade Organization etc. are examples of American supremacy in world business and finance.

Now comes another example – the MBA degree. It was America that made this course and the degree so popular. It was Americans who discovered that business is a profession that could be taught. The first Business School was established in Pennsylvania in 1881. Its name was Wharton School. Today in all countries MBA has become a prestigious degree.

Soft Power:
This is the ideological and cultural dominance. America has become the model for all other nations and they try to copy America. In weak countries, America is able to make the people like its culture. We all speak highly of the American life style and personal success. America is number one in the world. By using,‘soft power, and not force, America is able to achieve this dominance over the world.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf Board Model Paper 2022 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Accountancy Board Model Paper 2022 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Maximum Score: 60

Section – I
(Accountancy) (40 Scores)

Part – I

A. Answer any 4 questions from 1 to 6. Each carries 1 Score. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 1.
In a not-for-profit organization, the annual surplus or deficit is ascertained by preparing:
(a) Receipts and Payments a/c
(b) Income and Expenditure a/c
(c) Trial Balance
(d) Balance Sheet
Answer:
(b) Income and Expenditure A/c

Question 2.
In the absence of an agreement, partners are legally entitled to get:
(a) Interest on capital
(b) Salary
(c) Commission
(d) Interest on Loan
Answer:
(d) Interest on Loan

Question 3.
Which among the following events led to the reconstruction of a partnership firm?
(a) Admission of a partner
(b) Retirement of a partner
(c) Death of a partner
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 4.
The ratio in which the continuing partners have acquired the share from the retiring partner is called:
(a) Sacrificing ratio
(b) Gaining ratio
(c) New ratio
(d) Old ratio
Answer:
(b) Gaining ratio

Question 5.
The loss on revaluation at the time of retirement of a partner should be debited to:
(a) All Partners Capital Accounts
(b) Continuing partners Capital Accounts
(c) Retiring partner’s Capital Account
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) All Partners Capital Accounts

Question 6.
When the business of an existing firm becomes illegal, it will lead to:
(a) Dissolution by Agreement
(b) Dissolution by Court
(c) Compulsory dissolution
(d) Dissolution by Notice
Answer:
(c) Compulsory dissolution

B. Answer all questions from 7 to 9. Each carries 1 Score. (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 7.
The donation received by a club for the creation of a book bank should be treated as:
(a) Capital Receipt
(b) Revenue Receipt
(c) Capital Payments
(d) Revenue Payments
Answer:
(a) Capital Receipt

Question 8.
Interest on opening balance of the capital accounts of partners is calculated for a period of:
(a) 6 months
(b) 5.5 months
(c) 6.5 months
(d) 12 months
Answer:
(d) 12 months

Question 9.
Goodwill of a firm should be ascertained at the time of:
(a) Sale of any fixed assets
(b) Opening a bank account
(c) Change in profit sharing ratio
(d) Payment of outside liabilities
Answer:
(c) Change in profit sharing ratio

Part – II

A. Answer the following question, which carries 2 scores. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 10.
List out any two features of the Receipts and payments account maintained by a not-for-profit organisation.
Answer:
Features of Receipts and Payment Account are as follows:

• It is a real account.
• It is a summary of the cash book.
• It is prepared at the end of an accounting year based on the cash book.
• It is debited with all cash receipts and credited with all cash payments.
• It is prepared on a cash basis (records only actual cash receipts and payments).
• It records all receipts and payments of the current year, previous and succeeding years.
• It records all receipts and payments, whether they are of capital and revenue nature.

B. Answer any 1 question from 11 to 12. Carries 2 scores. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 11.
Anil and Baiju are partners in a firm, sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2. They admitted Suku as a new partner with \(\frac{1}{4}\) share in profits. At that time, goodwill appears in the books at ₹ 10,000. Pass the journal entry for writing off the existing amount of goodwill.
Answer:
Journal entry to write off existing goodwill:-
Anil’s Capital A/c Dr 6,000
Biju’s Capital A/c Dr 4,000
To Goodwill A/c 10,000
(Existing goodwill written off in their old ratio)

Question 12.
Distinguish between Revaluation Account and Realisation Account prepared by the partnership firms.
Answer:
Differences between Revaluation Account and Realization Account.

Part – III

A. Answer any 3 questions from 13 to 16. Each carries 3 scores. (3 × 3 = 9)

Question 13.
Calculate the amount of subscription to be credited to the income and Expenditure Account of a Sports Club, for the year ended March 2021:
(a) Subscription received during 2020-2021 – ₹ 54,000
(b) Subscription outstanding as on 01.04.2020 – ₹ 6,000
(c) Subscription outstanding as on 31.03.2021 – ₹ 8,000
(d) Subscription received in advance as on 31.03.2021 – ₹ 4,000
Answer:
Calculation of the amount of subscription to be credited to the income and expenditure account:

Question 14.
A, B and C are equal partners in a firm. They made the following during this year:
(a) ‘A’ withdrew ₹ 3,000 per month at the beginning of every month.
(b) ‘B’ withdrew ₹ 3,000 per month at the end of every month.
(c) ‘C’ withdrew ₹ 3,000 per month at the middle of every month.
Calculate the annual interest on drawings to be charged from A, B, and C. The partnership deed provides for 9% interest on drawing per annum.
Answer:
Calculation of Interest on drawings:
(a) ‘A’ withdrew Rs.3,000 per month at the beginning of every month.
3000 × 12 × \(\frac{6.5}{12}\) × 9% = 1755

(b) ‘B’ withdrew Rs.3,000 per month at the end of every month.
3000 × 12 × \(\frac{5.5}{12}\) × 9% = 1485

(c) ‘c’ withdrew Rs.3,000 per month at the middle of every month.
3000 × 12 × \(\frac{6}{12}\) × 9% =1620

Question 15.
Ajith and Balu are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2. They admit Dinu as a new partner for \(\frac{1}{5}\) share in the future profits, which he gets equally from Ajith and Balu. Calculate the new profits sharing ratio.
Answer:
Calculation of New profit sharing ratio:
Old ratio of Ajith & Balu = 3 : 2
Dinu’s Share = \(\frac{1}{5}\) which he acquires equally, i.e \(\frac{1}{10}\) from Ajith and \(\frac{1}{10}\) from Balu.
Ajith’s new share = Old share – Ajith’s share acquired by Dinu
\(\frac{3}{5}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{6-1}{10}=\frac{5}{10}\)
Balu’s new share = Old share – Balu’s share acquired by Dinu
\(\frac{3}{5}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{6-1}{10}=\frac{5}{10}\)
Dinu’s share = \(\frac{1}{5}\) or \(\frac{2}{10}\)
So new ratio of Ajith, Balu and Dinu = 5 : 3 : 2

Question 16.
A and B are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2. They decided to dissolve the firm on 31.03.2021. On that date the firm has assets of ₹ 1,20,000 and outside liabilities of ₹ 80,000.
Prepare the Realisation Account by considering the following details:
(a) Assets were realized for ₹ 1,50,000
(b) Outside liabilities were fully paid, except creditors of ₹ 2,000.
(c) Realisation expenses’paid by the firm ₹ 1,000.
Answer:
Realisation Account

B. Answer the following question, which carries 3 scores. (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 17.
Divya and Reshma sharing profits and losses in 2 : 1 ratio. They admit Sheeba as a new partner for \(\frac{1}{4}\) share in profits with a guarantee that her share of profits shall be at least ₹ 70,000. The net profits of the firm for the year ending March 31, 2021 were ₹ 1,60,000. Prepare the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.
Answer:
Guaranteed partner is Sheeba
Sheeba’s guaranteed profit = ₹ 70,000
Profit sharing ratio between Divya and Reshma = 2 : 1
Firm’s profit = ₹ 1,60,000
Divya’s share of profit = 1,60,000 × \(\frac{2}{4}\) = ₹ 80,000
Reshma’s share of profit = 1,60,000 × \(\frac{1}{4}\) = ₹ 40,000
Sheebas’s share of profit = 1,60,000 × \(\frac{1}{4}\) = ₹ 40,000
Sheeba’s guaranteed share of profit = ₹ 70,000
Deficiency in Sheeba’s share = ₹ 30,000 (70,000 – 40,000), it should be shared by Divya and Reshma in their ratio (2 : 1 ).
Deficiency met by Divya = 30,000 × \(\frac{2}{3}\) = ₹ 20,000
Deficiency met by Reshma = 30,000 × \(\frac{1}{3}\) = ₹ 10,000
Profit & Loss Appropriation Account

Part – IV

Answer any 2 questions from 18 to 20. Each carries 4 scores. (2 × 4 = 8)

Question 18.
Distinguish between Fixed Capital method and Fluctuating Capital method of maintaining the capital account of partners.
Answer:
Difference between Fixed Capital Method and Fluctuating Method.

Question 19.
In a partnership firm, the amount of capital invested in the business was ₹ 5,00,000 and the profits for the last five years were:

The normal rate of return of this category of business is 10% p.a. Calculate the value of Goodwill based on 3 years purchase of the super profits of the business.
Answer:
Calculation of Goodwill:
Goodwill = Super profit × 3 year’s purchase
Average Profit = \(\frac{40,000+50,000+55,000+70,000+85,0000}{5}\)
= \(\frac{3,00,000}{ 5}\)
= 60,000
Normal Profit = Capital employed × Normal Rate of Return/100
= 5,00,000 × \(\frac{10}{100}\)
= 50,000
Super profit = Actual Profit – Normal Profit
= 60,000 – 50,000
= 10,000
Goodwill = 10,000 × 3 = 30,000

Question 20.
X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. At the time of ‘X’s retirement, the Balance Sheet General Reserve of ₹ 90,000 and Accumulated loss of ₹ 60,000. Pass journal entries to deal with these appearing in the Balance Sheet.
Answer:
Accounting treatment for General Reserve & Accumulated Loss:
(a) General ReserveA/c Dr 90000
To X’s Capital A/c 45000
To Y’s Capital A/c 30000
To Z’s Capital A/c 15000
(General reserve distributed among all the partners in their old ratio)

(b) X’s Capital A/c Dr 30000
Y’s Capital A/c Dr 20000
Z’s Capital A/c Dr 10000
To Profit & Loss A/c 60000
(Accumulated loss distributed among all the partners)
It is the amount paid to the person who is not a regular employee of the institution. It is a revenue expenditure and it should be shown on the expenditure side of the income and expenditure account.

B. Answer any 1 Question from 21 to 22. Carries 4 scores. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 21.
Explain the accounting treatment of the following items in the financial statements of a not-for-profit organisation:
(a) Legacies
(b) Life membership fees
(c) Sale of periodicals
(d) Payment of Honorarium
Answer:
(a) Legacies: It is the amount received as per the will of a deceased person. It is a capital fund and should be shown on the receipt side of the receipts and payment account and should be added to the capital fund in the balance sheet.
(b) Life membership fees: Some members prefer to pay lump sum amount as life membership fee instead of paying periodic subscription. Such amount is treated as capital receipt and added directly to the capital fund in the balance sheet.
(c) Sale of periodicals: It is an item of recurring nature (revenue receipts) and shown as the income side of the income and expenditure account.
(d) Payment of Honorarium: It is the amount paid to the person who is not a regular employee of the institution. It is a revenue expenditure and it should be shown on the expenditure side of the income and expenditure account.

Question 22.
A and B are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 1. ‘C’ is admitted into the firm for \(\frac{1}{4}\) share of profits. He brings ₹ 40,000 in respect of this capital. The Capitals of A and B after all the adjustments were ₹ 90,000 and ₹ 30,000 respectively. They agreed to bring their capitals in the new profit sharing ratio (i.e, 2 : 1 : 1). Calculate the new capitals of A and B and pass necessary journal entries for the adjustment of the capitals through cash.
Answer:
Total capital of the new firm based on C’s capital = 40,000 × \(\frac{4}{1}\) = Rs. 1,60,000
New ratio of A, B and C = 2 : 1 : 1
A’s new capital = 1,60,000 × \(\frac{2}{4}\) = 80,000
B’s new capital = 1,60,000 × \(\frac{1}{4}\) = 40,000
C’s capital = 1,60,000 × \(\frac{1}{4}\) = 40,000
Adjusted capital of A = 90,000
Adjusted capital of B = 30,000
Surplus of A’s capital = 90,000 – 80,000 = 10,000
Shortage of B’s capital = 40,000 – 30,000 = 10,000

Journal Entries:
In case of A
A’s Capital A/c Dr 10,000
To Cash A/c 10,000
(Excess capital withdrawn)
In case of B
Cash A/c Dr 10,000
To B’s Capital A/c 10,000
(Additional capital introduced)

Part – V

Answer any 1 question from 23 to 24. Carries 5 scores. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 23.
From the given receipts and payments of an Arts Club, prepare the Income and Expenditure Account for the year ending March 31, 2021.
Cash Receipts during the year:
Subscriptions – ₹ 32,000
Rent of hall – ₹ 6,000
Sale of investments – ₹14,000
Cash Payments during the year:
Salary – ₹ 18,000
Rent – ₹ 22,000
Electricity – ₹ 4,000
Stationery – ₹ 2,000
Adjustments:
(a) Prepaid salary – ₹ 3,000
(b) Subscriptions outstanding on 31.03.2021 – ₹ 4,000
(c) Rent outstanding – ₹ 2,000
Answer:
Income and Expenditure Account

Question 24.
A flash and Basith were equal partners in a firm. They decided to admit Sreesiv as a new partner with \(\frac{1}{3}\) share in the business profits. Their assets and liabilities at the time of admission of the new partner were:

They agreed on the following conditions at the time of admission of the new partner:
(a) Value of stock is reduced by 10%
(b) Land and buildings appreciated by 10%
(c) Creditors of ₹ 1,000 may be written off.
(d) Unrecorded investment of ₹ 5,000 should be taken into account.
Prepare the Revaluation Account on admission of Sreesiv.
Answer:
Revaluation A/c

Section – II
Computerised Accounting (20 Scores)

A. Answer any 2 questions from 25 to 28. Each carries 1 score. (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 25.
In a retail business firm, the code 501 – 599 is given for washing powders. It is an example of:
(a) Sequential codes
(b) Block codes
(c) Mnemonic codes
(d) Numeric codes
Answer:
(b) Block codes

Question 26.
Libre office Calc is a ________________ software.
(a) Presentation
(b) Database
(c) Text document
(d) Spreadsheet
Answer:
(d) Spreadsheet

Question 27.
Which function in LibreOffice Calc displays the current system date?
(a) TODAY
(b) NOW
(c) DATE
(d) YEAR
Answer:t
(a) TODAY

Question 28.
Which of the following is a system generated ledger account in GNU Khata?
(a) Cash Account
(b) Bank Account
(c) Profit and Loss Account
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Profit and Loss Account

B. Answer any 1 question from 29 to 30. Carries 1 score. (1 × 1 = 1)

Question 29.
__________________ function in spreadsheet is used for calculating the Equated Monthly Instalment of a bank loan.
(a) PMT
(b) SLN
(c) DB
(d) PV
Answer:
(a) PMT

Question 30.
The ‘depth axis’ in a ‘3D’ chart is called ________________
(a) X axis
(b) Y axis
(c) Z axis
(d) XY axis
Answer:
(c) Z axis

Part – VII

A. Answer any 3 questions from 31 to 34. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 31.
Write short notes on the following components of LibreOffice Calc:
(a) Cell
(b) Range
Answer:
(a) Cell – The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell.
(b) Range – Range is a group of adjacent cells that forms a rectangular area.

Question 32.
Give the syntax of the following functions in a spreadsheet used for asset accounting.
(a) SLN
(b) DB
Answer:
(a) syntax – =SLN (cost, salvage, life)
(b) syntax – =DB (cost, salvage, life, period, month)

Question 33.
Explain the following elements of a chart or graph.
(a) Plot Area
(b) Legend
Answer:
(a) Plot area – It is the total space that is enclosed by a chart.
(b) Legend – It is an identifier of a piece of information shown in the chart.

Question 34.
Name the four parts shown in the ‘Table Design Window’ that appeared at the time of creating tables in design view.
Answer:
(1) Field Name
(2) Field Type
(3) Description
(4) Field Properties

B. Answer any 1 question from 35 to 36. Each carries 2 scores. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 35.
Briefly explain about any two security features commonly available in Computerised Accounting Systems.
Answer:
Data Audit: It enables one to know as to who and what changes have been made in the original data there by helping and fixing the responsibility of the person who has manipulated the data and ensures data integrity.
Data Vault: Software provides additional security through data encryption. Encryption means scrambling the data to make its interpretation impossible. Encryption converts readable data into an unreadable format. The encrypted data is commonly known as Ciphertext.

Question 36.
Give the path for performing the following actions in GNU Khata:
(a) Deleting Ledger Accounts
(b) View Trial Balance
Answer:
(a) Deleting a Ledger Account
To delete a ledger account, select Edit Account from the Master menu. Select the ledger account – we want to delete, click on the Delete Button, and confirm the deletion. System generated account and the ledger account already used in voucher cannot be deleted.
(b) Display Trial Balance
Step 1: Click on the Report tab from the menu bar
Step 2: Select Trial balance from the menu
Step 3: Enter From date and To date
Step 4: Select the Trial Balance Type
Step 5: Click on View button to View the Trial Balance
Report → Trial Balance → View

Part – VIII

A. Answer any 2 questions from 37 to 39. Each carries 3 scores. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 37.
List out the merits of Computerised Accounting over Manual Accounting.
Answer:
Advantages of Computerised Accounting System (CAS)
1. Financial reports can be prepared in time.
2. Alterations and additions in transactions are easy and give the changed result in all books of accounts instantly.
3. It ensures effective control over the system.
4. Economy in the processing of accounting data.

Question 38.
Briefly explain the three types of spreadsheet cell references used in LibreOffice Calc.
Answer:
Types of Cell References

1. Relative Cell References: By default cell reference is relative; which means that as a formula or function is copied and pasted to other cells, the cell references in the formula or function change to reflect the new location.
2. Absolute Cell Reference: The absolute cell reference consist of the column letter and row number surrounded by dollar ($) signs. Eg $A$5. An absolute cell reference is used when we want a cell reference to stay fixed on a specific cell.
3. Mixed Cell Reference: It is a combination of relative and absolute cell references that holds either row or column constant when the formula or function is copied to another location.

Question 39.
Explain the purpose of the following types of vouchers, by specifying its shortcut keys, used in GNU Khata.
(a) Payments
(b) Purchases
(c) Contra
Answer:
(a) Payment Voucher – For recording cash and bank payments (F5).
(b) Purchase Voucher – For recording cash and credit purchases (F7).
(c) Contra Voucher – For recording cash and bank (contra) transactions (F8).

B. Answer the following questions, which carry 3 scores. (2 × 3 = 6)

Question 40.
State the purpose for which the following functions used in LibreOffice Calc:
(a) CONCATENATE
(b) RATE
(c) NPV
Answer:
(a) CONCATENATE – This function is used to combine several text strings in different cells into one string.
(b) RATE – This function returns the interest rate per period of an annuity.
(c) NPV – This function calculates the net present value of an investment by using a discount rate and a series of future payments and incomes.

Teachers recommend solving Kerala Syllabus Plus Two Political Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers Pdf March 2023 to improve time management during exams.

Kerala Plus Two Political Science Previous Year Question Paper March 2023

From Questions 1 to 11 answer for 16 scores.

Question 1.
Find out the leader who played a major role in the integration of princely states.
(a) Nehru
(b) Potti Sriramulu
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer:
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Question 2.
Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India?
(a) Sukumar Sen
(b) D.P. Mishra
(c) T.N.Seshan
(d) P.D. Tandon
Answer:
(a) Sukumar Sen

Question 3.
Identify the leader of Bharatiya Jan Sangh.
(a) A.K. Gopalan
(b) c. Rajagopalachari
(c) Syama Prasad Mukherjee
(d) Jayaprakash Narayan
Answer:
(c) Syama Prasad Mukherjee

Question 4.
Expand the foHowing :
• CTBT
• NPT
Answer:
CTBT : Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
NPT : Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

Question 5.
Match the following:
(a) Non-Cong ressism
(b) Jai Jawan Jai Kisan
(c) Garibi Hatao
(d) Syndicate
Answer:
(a) Non-Congressism : Ram Manohar Lohia
(b) Jai Jawan Jai Kisan : Lai Bahadur Shastri
(c) Garibi Hatao : Indira Gandhi
(d) Syndicate : K. Kamaraj

Question 6.
The Commission appointed in 1977 by Janata Government to inquire into the excesses committed during emergency
(a) Shah Commission
(b) Sarkaria Commission
(c) Mandal Commission
Answer:
Shah Commission

Question 7.
The Punjab accord was signed by and
(a) Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Singh Longowal
(b) Indira Gandhi and Angami Zaper Phizo
(c) Rajiv Gandhi and Laldenga
Answer:
Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Singh Longowal

Question 8.
Properly arrange the listed facts on Bharatiya Kisan Union and Anti-Arrack Movement in the table given below:
(a) Focused on sexual violence against women
(b) Most of the members belonged to a single community
(c) Western UP and Haryana
Answer:

1. Anti-Arrack Movement
   • Focused on sexual violence against women
   • Adult literacy drive
   • Against domestic violence
2. Bharatiya Kisan Union
   • Most of the members belonged to a single community.
   • Western UP and Haryana
   • Guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable rate.

Question 9.
Name the First Secretary General of UNO.
Answer:
Trygve Lie

Question 10.
Which country adopted “Open Door Policy” ?
Answer:
China

Question 11.
Categorize the following countries to members of European Union and ASEAN :
France, Cambodia, Spain, Germany, Vietnam, Malaysia
European Union
ASEAN
Answer:
European Union

1. France
2. Spain
3. Germany ASEAN
4. Cambodia
5. Vietnam
6. Malaysia

Answer any four questions from 12 to 16. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 12.
Write any 3 objectives of Jawaharlal Nehru’s Foreign Policy.
Answer:

1. Preserve the hard earned sovereignty.
2. Protect territorial integrity.
3. Promote rapid economic development.

Question 13.
What were the main factors responsible for the dominance of Congress Party in the first 3 general elections?
Answer:

1. Inherited the legacy of the national movement.
2. Organisational structure all over the country.
3. Charismatic leadership of Nehru.

Question 14.
Briefly explain the consequences of Shock Therapy.
Answer:
State controlled industries were collapsed.

1. Inflation was high.
2. Value of Ruble declined.
3. Withdrawal of Government subsidies.

Question 15.
Prepare a short note on the concept of “Common but Differentiated Responsibility”.
Answer:
Developed countries are responsible for the damage apd degradation to the environment

1. The developing countries are in the process of industrialization. They cannot be forced to impose restrictions like others.
2. Environmental! laws should be taken into account the needs of developing countries, before imposing control.

Question 16.
What are the 3 components of India’s Security Strategy?
Answer:

1. Strengthening the Military Capabilities
2. Strengthening International Norms and Institutions
3. Security challenges within the country.

Answer any four questions from 17 to 21. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 17.
Towards the end of 1980’s, five major developments occurred which brought long lasting impact on Indian Politics. Explain those developments.
Answer:
Defeat of the congress system

1. Mandal commission report
2. New economic policy
3. Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi

Question 18.
Bring out the major differences in the objectives of First and Second Five Year Plans.
Answer:

• First five year plan
  1. Period between 1951-56
  2. K.N. Raj prepared the draft plan
  3. Slow development
  4. Emphasis on agriculture
• Second five year plan
  1. Period between 1956 -61
  2. PC Mahalanobis prepared the plan.
  3. Rapid growth
  4. Emphasis on industry

Question 19.
Write a short note on Chipko Movement.
Answer:
Chipko Movement is considered as one of the first environmental movement in the country. This was a Movement that became famous the world over. It was started in 1973 in two or three villages of Uttarakhand. The Forest Department prevented the villagers from cutting down a certain kind of trees with which they made their working implements.

But the same Forest Department gave permission to a Sports Equipment Manufacturing Company to cut down such trees for commercial purposes. This pro-voked the villagers. When the workers came to cut the trees, the villagers stood near the trees embrac-ing them. (Chipko means embrace). This protest spread to many parts of Uttarakhand. The people raised their voice against the exploitation of nature.

They asked the government not to let outsiders come and exploit their resources. They wanted the power to manage them to’be given to the local people. They also asked for permission to start small scale industries, protecting Nature and the Environment. They also demanded minimum wages for the forest workers who had no land of their own.

As a result of this Movement, the government issued an order prohibiting the cutting down of trees in the Himalayan side for 15 years. The role of women wag great in this Movement. They also fought against social evils like drinking alcohol. With Chipko Movement, people realized that solutions to popular problems could be found through non-politipal movements.

Question 20.
India is emerging as a great power in the interna-tional politics. Explain India’s claims for permanent membership in UN Security Council.
Answer:

1. Largest democratic country in the world
2. Major economic power
3. Contribution to the U. N. Budget
4. Big nation in terms of population.

Question 21.
Examine the role and limitations of SAARC as a forum for facilitating co-operation among the South
Asian Countries.
Answer:

1. South Asian Association of Regional co-operation (SAARC) is a regional initiative among South Asian states to evolve cooperation since 1985.
2. SAARC has initiated SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to free trade zones for whole South Asia.
3. SAARC projected on economic development of its member states to reduce their dependen-cies on non-regional powers. Limitations
4. Some of the Indian neighbours think that the association is dominated by India.
5. SAARC nations are either developing or least de-veloped nations and thus creates insufficiency of funds.

Answer any four questions from 22 to 26. Each carries 5 scores. (4 × 5 = 20)

Question 22.
What is Green Revolution ? Explain its consequences.
Answer:
Green Revolution: Green Revolution is the name given to the policies of the government which aimed at maximum production in the minimum period in the agricultural sector. In the 1960s, the agricultural sector was in a very bad shape. Between 1965 and 67 there were huge droughts in many parts of India. This reduced food production and in many areas there was famine-like condition.

To overcome this crisis, India was forced to seek assistance from countries like America. Following the American policies, we too started some new economic policies. The government wanted self-sufficiency in food and therefore a new agricultural policy was implemented. This policy included farming all lands where irrigation was available, using high yield varieties of seeds and fertilizing the land. Subsidies were given for irrigation and insecticides. It was also decided thatithe government would purchase the produce at a minimum price. All these changes together paved the way for what is known as the Green Revolution.

The Green Revolution brought some positive changes in agricultural growth. Food stuff was easily available. Of course, it was the rich merchants and large farm- owners that were the prime beneficiaries. There was a polarization of the rich and poor. This helped the Left Parties to bring together the poor farmers and the masses. As a result, there arose a powerful Left¬leaning lobby of middle class farmers.

Question 23.
Kashmir issue is not just a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has also internal and external dimensions. Discuss the statement.
Answer:
The following are the major areas of conflict:
a. Following the division, the first dispute was regarding Kashmir. Pakistan claimed Kashmir to be theirs. Even with the 1947-48 and. 1965 wars, this problem could not be solved.

b. Another problem is about the control of the Siachin sector and about the armament race. Since 1990, both the countries have stockpiled nuclear weapons and missiles.

c. India accuses Pakistan of aiding Kashmiri extremists by giving them weapons. They also give money, training, and security to these terrorists. The Inter Services intelligence (ISI) makes anti-Indian propaganda in the North Eastern regions of India. They also make anti- Indian propaganda secretly through Bangladesh and Nepal. Pakistan accuses India of giving help to the insurgents in Sindh and Baluchistan.

d. Until 1960, there were also disputes between India and Pakistan regarding the sharing of river waters. In 1960 with the help of the World Bank both countries signed the Indus Waters’Treaty. It is in force even now.

e. There is one more thing about which the two countries have not reached an agreement – Sir Creak in the Rann of Kutch.

Question 24.
The American Hegemony has military, economic and cultural dimensions. Describe three different aspects of US Hegernony.
Answer:
World nations try to gain and maintain dominance over others by using military, economic and cultural power. During the Cold War the fight was between the Soviet Union and America. With the disintegration of the Soviet, Union America remains the only Superpower. Dominance or hegemony is attained through three things:
a) Hard Power
b) Structural Power
c) Soft Power

Hard Power:
This includes military power and the relations between nations. Today America is in the forefront of military power. There is nobody to challenge its military might. It has the capacity to reach any corner of the world any moment. They spend a major part of their budget to maintain this position, they spend huge sums of money for research and technological developments. It is technology that keeps America in the forefront. With their military might they are even ready to police the world, and punish the culprits.

Structural Power:
This dominance is based on the economic structure. The global economic system relies on America. If America helps the global economic system, it is mainly for their benefits and profits. But America does a lot of good things for the world. For example, communication channels through the oceans. Merchant ships travel through sea routes and America has much authority on the water transport system. It is the American navy that keeps the sea-routes safe„for ships.

The next is the Internet. In fact it was an American military project. It was started in 1950. Today the global network functions using satellites. Most of them belong to America. 28% of the world econemy is controlled by America. 15% of the international trade is also done by them. In any economic sector, at least one of out of three biggest companies will be American. The world economic structure follows the Breton Woods style of America. The World Bank, I.M.F. and World Trade Organization etc. are examples of American supremacy in world business and finance.

Now comes another example – the MBA degree. It was America that made this course and the degree so popular. It was Americans who discovered that business is a profession that could be taught. The first Business School was established in Pennsylvania in 1881. ts name was Wharton School. Today in all countries MBA has become a prestigious degree.

Soft Power : This is the ideological and cultural dominance. America has become the model for all other nations and they try to copy America. In weak countries, America is able to make the people like its culture. We all speak highly of the American life style and personal success. America is number one in the world. By using ‘soft power, and not force, America is able to achieve this dominance over the world.

Question 25.
Globalisation is a multidimensional concept. Define globalisation and explain its political and cultural consequences.
Answer:
The concept of globalization is the exchange of ideas, materials and human resources. Now this exchange is possible among nations without much control. Looked at this way, it assumes different levels of political, economic and cuftural meanings. In his sense it has merits and demerits. Some societies may be affected only very little, but some may be affected much more. Let us see how it works: Political results: Politically speaking, the authority of the government gets weaker.

It will have to reduce its welfare schemes. Instead of social welfare, the stress is on the market. With the coming MNCs (Multi National Corporations), it becomes difficult for the governments to take independent decisions. According to the advocates of globalization, no political power of the government is lost. The essential things will remain under the authority of the government. Since technology has advanced so much, governments can do a lot. Technology helps governments to know the details of their citizens and make the administration efficient.

Economic Results: Globalization has influenced the economic sphere greatly. World Bank, IMF, WTO etc. play big roles. AU these are controlled mainly by America and its allies. The world economy itself has come under their influence. In this, a re-thinking is necessary. It is high time that we found out who the beneficiaries of globalization are.

As a result of globalization, import controls are reduced or removed. The developed nations can now invest their capital in the developing nations. Investing in the developing nations is more profitable. Technologies develop without any limits of borders. But regarding the movement of people, the developed nations have made certain rules. Their countries are kept safe from foreign workers through the policy of Visa. Because of the visa rules, the jobs of their citizens are not taken away by emigrants.

There are arguments in favour and against economic globalization. Although the policy is the same, different places get different results. Those who think of social justice can look at the limitations on governmentonlyasademeritofglobalization. Those who are economically backward need some special security not to suffer from the demerits of globalization. Some people believe that globalization makes the poor people poorer and so it must be stopped. But globalization brings about huge economic growth and the social welfare of many. Large scale commerce makes the economy better. It is not easy to prevent globalization in the forward march of history.

Question 26.
The Chinese economy has undergone several trans-formations. Identify the developmental strategy adopted by China.
Answer:
The new economic policy has helped China a lot to bring it out of the moribund economic state. Privatization in the agricultural sector made crop production increase considerably and the rural economic sector improved. Thus there was considerable increase in the rural industrial sector. Chinese economy became better as a result of the increase in industry and rural growth. In 2001, China entered the WTO and thus it was able to trade with outside countries. Its decision to work jointly with the world economic system will definitely affect its economic model. Although some of these things are against Communist ideologies, the Chinese development model has become the cornerstone of its development.

Answer any two questions from 27 to 29. Each carries 8 scores. (2 × 8 = 16)

Question 27.
“The process of partition was very difficult to imple-ment and its consequence was painful.” Based on this statement, explain the process of partition and its consequences.
Answer:
There were three reasons for that. First of all in British India, there was not a single area which had only Muslims. There were two areas in which the majority was Muslims, one in the West and the other in the East. Therefore Pakistan was formed consisting of two areas – West Pakistan and East Pakistan. Between them there were large areas of Indian Territory.

Secondly, not all areas with majority Muslirfi population wanted to become part of Pakistan. Khan Abdul Gaffer Khan, who was the leader of the North Western Province had objected to the Two-Nation Theory. But ignoring his objection, the North West Province was included in Pakistan.

The third problem was that British India’s Punjab and Bengal were areas with Muslim majority. But in these huge provinces there were very many non- Muslims. Therefore the Provinces were divided into Districts and Panchayats depending on the religious majority of the population there.

The result was that on the day of Independence many people did not know to which country they belonged – Indig or Pakistan. It deeply wounded the people. The problem of the minorities in each country was the worst of all. The Hindus and Sikhs in the Pakistani areas and the Muslims in Punjab and Bengal were unfortunate preys to this division of the country. When the division was decided upon, there was large scale violence against the minorities in both the countries.

The division of British India in 1947 into India and Pakistan was a very tragic incident in history. In the border areas many people on both sides were killed because of their religion and caste. Huge cities like Lahore, Amritsar and Calcutta became religious areas. Muslims avoided going to areas of Hindus and Sikhs. Similarly Hindus and Sikhs did not want to go near the Muslim areas. People were forced to flee their homes, suffering a lot of difficulties on their way.

Many of the people in the minorities in the border areas had to live in refugee camps. The governments and the police were not there to help them. People had to walk or ride in some vehicles from their homes to their new places. During the journey, many were attacked and killed; women were raped. Many were forced to accept the majority religion and marry people against their will. In many homes women were killed by their own relatives in the name of honour.

Children were separated from their parents and guardians. People who came to the new land had no houses and they had to live in refugee camps. Not only the land, but even moveable properties like tables and chairs were divided. The government and railway workers were divided. People who were liv¬ing like brethren were divided. It is believed that between 5 to 10 lakh people lost their lives in this tragic division of the country.

Question 28.
Discuss the background and causes which led to the declaration of Emergency in India.
• Economic Context
• Gujarat and Bihar Movements
• Conflict with Judiciary
• Judgement of Allahabad High Court
Answer:
After the 1971 election, Indira became a popular leader with a lot of support from the people. This time there were serious problems in the Party. There were three main reasons:
a) Economic Reasons
b) Gujarat & Bihar Movement
c) Dispute with the Judiciary

The main slogan in the 1971 election was ‘garibi hatao’. But when the government came to power it could not improve the economic condition of the country. There were a number of reasons for that. First of all there was the refuge problem. Then there was the Bangladesh Crisis, followed by the Indo- Pakistan War. All these things created financial problems. Secondly, after the War, America stopped its aids to India. Thirdly, there was a sharp increase in oil prices. The 4th reason was inflation which made the life of ordinary people very difficult.

The 5th problem was negative growth in industrial output. Unemployment increased, especially in the rural sector. Sixthly, the salaries of government employees had to be reduced and oven stopped. Seventhly, lack of rain caused serious shortfall in foodstuff.  All the above things created an economic crisis in the country. There was general discontentment in the country. This gave the Opposition Parties an opportunity to organise protests.

Guiarat and Bihar Movement:
The second biggest problem was the students’ protest in Gujarat and Bihar which were Congress-ruled States. The main reason was the increase in the prices of essential commodities. Shortage of food, unemployment and corruption made the students angry. In both these States the Opposition Parties supported the students. In Gujarat, Presidential Rule was imposed. At this time the main opponent of Indira Gandhi and the leader of Congress (O), Morarji Desai, decided to go on an indefinite hunger strike. He did that for demanding elections in Gujarat. In June 1975, because of heavy pressure from various sources, election was conducted. Congress lost the election.

In Bihar the students invited Jay Prakash Narayan to lead their protest. He accepted the invitation insisting that the protest must be non-violent. He asked for the dismissal of the Bihar government. He argued that there was a need for a revolution in social, economic and political spheres. But the Bihar government refused to resign. The entire country discussed the issue. Jay Prakash Narayan wanted to spread the protest to all parts of the country. In the meantime the railway workers went on a strike.

It would make the entire country come to a standstill. In 1975, Jay Prakash Narayan organized a march to the Parliament. It was the biggest rally the capital had ever seen. The Opposition saw in him an alternative to Indira Gandhi. Both the protests were anti-Congress. Voices also rose against the leadership of Mrs. Gandhi. She believed that all this was done to take revenge on her.

Dispute with the Judiciary:
Another reason for the declaration of Emergency was Indira Gandhi’s dispute with the Judiciary. The Supreme Coursaid that some of the things the government did were against the Constitution. Congress argued that the Supreme Court judgement was against democracy and the authority of the Parliament. The Party said that the Court was standing against some welfare measures taken to help the poor people.

The dispute was mainly in three things. Firstly, Can the  Parliament change the Fundamental Rights? The Court said no. Secondly, Can the Parliament change ownership of land? Again the Court said no. Thirdly, the Parliament said that it had the right to reduce fundamental rights. It amended the Constitution. But the Supreme Court objected. All these were the reasons for the dispute between the Government and the Supreme Court.

There were two more reasons. In the Kesavananda Bharati case, the Supreme Court judged that the Parliament can’t change the basic structure of the Constitution. Soon the post of the Chief Justice became vacant. Normally the senior most judge is appointed as the Chief Justice. But keeping aside 3 eligible Judges, the government appointed A.N. Roy as the Chief Justice. This appointment became controversial. Besides, the Uttar Pradesh High Court declared the election of Indira Gandhi as null and void. All these were the reasons for Mrs Gandhi to declare Emergency in-June 1975.

Question 29.
Soviet Union, the second most powerful country in the world disintegrated in 1991. Analyse the various factors that led to the disinte-gration of the USSR.
Answer:
1. The control exercised by the Soviet government on its citizens made their life difficult.

2. There was no freedom of expression or democracy.

3. Many institutions needed reforms. But the Communist Party strictly controlled them and reforms were not possible.

4. The Party refusedto give people their rights. The Soviet Union was a Union of 15 Republics. They had their own cultures and problems.

5. Although on paper there were 15 Republics, only Russia was allowed to exercise control. Russia dominated the other  republics and the people of the other republics were either ignored or suppressed.

6. Although the Soviet Union was able to maintain its equality with the US in arms race, it was very costly for them. Western technology was better than the Russian technology. The political and economic needs of the Soviet people were not taken care of by the Soviet government.

7. Soviet Union used most of its resources to develop atomic weapons, to make arms, to increase military facilities and to develop its satellite East European countries.

8. The go-slow policy, refusal to correct mistakes and the closed door policy quickened the country’s downfall.